Study on the Domain Adaption of K orean Speech Act using Daily Conversation Dataset and Petition Corpus (2023)

Abstract: In Korean, quantitative speech act studies have usually been conducted on single utterances with unspecified sources. In this study, we annotate sentences from the National Institute of Korean Language’s Messenger Corpus and the National Petition Corpus, as well as example sentences from an academic paper on contemporary Korean vlogging, and check the discrepancy between human annotation and model prediction. In particular, for sentences with differences in locutionary and illocutionary forces, we analyze the causes of errors to see if stylistic features used in a particular domain affect the correct inference of speech act. Through this, we see the necessity to build and analyze a balanced corpus in various text domains, taking into account cases with different usage roles, e.g., messenger conversations belonging to private conversations and petition corpus/vlogging script that have an unspecified audience.

## introduction people use statements to reveal the intent of a proposition or to express their promises or emotions. however, similar can be applied to questions. generally speaking, interrogatives are uttered in situations where the speaker does not know the relevant information but assumes that the listener does. to express a question, a speaker would use an interrogative ending and a question mark in written language, or a rising intonation in spoken language. nonetheless, the use of interrogative endings, question marks, or rising intonation does not necessarily constitute interrogative speech. in this regard, the examples given by @xcite and @xcite are as follows. bom: 아휴! 내가 왜 메주야! (ahhh! why am i an idiot!) @xcite : 98) b. 나라의 운명을 외국의 손에 맡겨서야 되겠 습니까 (do we hand over the fate of our country to foreigners?) / 이런 걸 누가 먹겠습니까 (who would eat something like this) @xcite example (1a) emphasizes the speaker's negative emotions by utilizing a distinctive speech style, particularly through the use of the interrogative 'why' by the speaker in the 'bom' example. (1b) despite adopting the forms of yes-no-questions and wh-questions, it is not readily classified as an interrogative speech act because it is used to emphasize the opinion rather than to elicit information. notably, humans tend to adeptly comprehend the speaker's intention, even when a disparity exists between explicit form and implicit intent. however, artificial intelligence (ai) models may face challenges in such interpretive tasks. consequently, as exemplified above, speech act annotations could contribute to enhancing the utterance performance of ai models, particularly in instances where the latent meaning of an utterance diverges from its manifest content. in this study on the korean speech act, an attempt is made to measure the performance of ai models analyzing distinctions between locutionary and illocutionary force, especially when disparities exist between the two. for the purpose of performance measurement, frequently mispredicted speech acts are typified. for instance, there are cases, such as example (1b), where the emphasis on intention may be misinterpreted as a question because the context is not specified. this is similar to how, without context, it is difficult for humans to categorize 'speech act' into specific categories. in circumstances where distinguishing speech act is possible only if given context, the likelihood of models correctly identifying the answer may become notably low in the case of sentence-level annotated data. conversely, even without any con- ## conclusion in this study, speech acts were annotated on the nikl messenger corpus, the titles of public petitions, and vlogging scripts, focusing on the analysis of error items in sentences with discrepancy between locutionary and illocutionary force. additionally, it turned out that stylistic features used in a specific circumstances also influence the decision of speech acts. considering different contexts, such as messenger conversations that belong to private dialogue and public petitions or vlogging script that have the nature of having the audience, it is deemed necessary to build and analyze balanced corpora across various domains concerning whether the discourse is public or not and having multiple or anonymous addressee.