xamxte/cve-to-cwe huggingface dataset:
CVE-2018-16486: A prototype pollution vulnerability was found in defaults-deep <=0.2.4 that would allow a malicious user to inject properties onto Object.prototype.
CVE-2023-39547: CLUSTERPRO X Ver5.1 and earlier and EXPRESSCLUSTER X 5.1 and earlier, CLUSTERPRO X SingleServerSafe 5.1 and earlier, EXPRESSCLUSTER X SingleServerSafe 5.1 and earlier allows a attacker to log in to the product may execute an arbitrary command.
CVE-2015-8854: The marked package before 0.3.4 for Node.js allows attackers to cause a denial of service (CPU consumption) via unspecified vectors that trigger a "catastrophic backtracking issue for the em inline rule," aka a "regular expression denial of service (ReDoS)."
CVE-2022-21662: WordPress is a free and open-source content management system written in PHP and paired with a MariaDB database. Low-privileged authenticated users (like author) in WordPress core are able to execute JavaScript/perform stored XSS attack, which can affect high-privileged users. This has been patched in WordPress version 5.8.3. Older affected versions are also fixed via security release, that go back till 3.7.37. We strongly recommend that you keep auto-updates enabled. There are no known workarounds for this issue.
CVE-2022-23772: Rat.SetString in math/big in Go before 1.16.14 and 1.17.x before 1.17.7 has an overflow that can lead to Uncontrolled Memory Consumption.
CVE-2024-39509: In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:  HID: core: remove unnecessary WARN_ON() in implement()  Syzkaller hit a warning [1] in a call to implement() when trying to write a value into a field of smaller size in an output report.  Since implement() already has a warn message printed out with the help of hid_warn() and value in question gets trimmed with:  ...  value &= m;  ... WARN_ON may be considered superfluous. Remove it to suppress future syzkaller triggers.  [1] WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 5084 at drivers/hid/hid-core.c:1451 implement drivers/hid/hid-core.c:1451 [inline] WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 5084 at drivers/hid/hid-core.c:1451 hid_output_report+0x548/0x760 drivers/hid/hid-core.c:1863 Modules linked in: CPU: 0 PID: 5084 Comm: syz-executor424 Not tainted 6.9.0-rc7-syzkaller-00183-gcf87f46fd34d #0 Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 04/02/2024 RIP: 0010:implement drivers/hid/hid-core.c:1451 [inline] RIP: 0010:hid_output_report+0x548/0x760 drivers/hid/hid-core.c:1863 ... Call Trace:  <TASK>  __usbhid_submit_report drivers/hid/usbhid/hid-core.c:591 [inline]  usbhid_submit_report+0x43d/0x9e0 drivers/hid/usbhid/hid-core.c:636  hiddev_ioctl+0x138b/0x1f00 drivers/hid/usbhid/hiddev.c:726  vfs_ioctl fs/ioctl.c:51 [inline]  __do_sys_ioctl fs/ioctl.c:904 [inline]  __se_sys_ioctl+0xfc/0x170 fs/ioctl.c:890  do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:52 [inline]  do_syscall_64+0xf5/0x240 arch/x86/entry/common.c:83  entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f ...
CVE-2019-12483: An issue was discovered in GPAC 0.7.1. There is a heap-based buffer overflow in the function ReadGF_IPMPX_RemoveToolNotificationListener in odf/ipmpx_code.c in libgpac.a, as demonstrated by MP4Box.
CVE-2017-15976: ZeeBuddy 2x allows SQL Injection via the admin/editadgroup.php groupid parameter, a different vulnerability than CVE-2008-3604.
CVE-2023-40617: A reflected cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in OpenKnowledgeMaps Head Start 7 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary JavaScript in the web browser of a user, by including a malicious payload into the 'file' parameter in 'displayPDF.php'.
CVE-2019-16349: Bento4 1.5.1-628 has a NULL pointer dereference in AP4_ByteStream::ReadUI32 in Core/Ap4ByteStream.cpp when called from the AP4_TrunAtom class.
CVE-2011-0628: Integer overflow in Adobe Flash Player before 10.3.181.14 on Windows, Mac OS X, Linux, and Solaris and before 10.3.185.21 on Android allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via ActionScript that improperly handles a long array object.
CVE-2021-47081: In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:  habanalabs/gaudi: Fix a potential use after free in gaudi_memset_device_memory  Our code analyzer reported a uaf.  In gaudi_memset_device_memory, cb is get via hl_cb_kernel_create() with 2 refcount. If hl_cs_allocate_job() failed, the execution runs into release_cb branch. One ref of cb is dropped by hl_cb_put(cb) and could be freed if other thread also drops one ref. Then cb is used by cb->id later, which is a potential uaf.  My patch add a variable 'id' to accept the value of cb->id before the hl_cb_put(cb) is called, to avoid the potential uaf.
CVE-2022-33298: Memory corruption due to use after free in Modem while modem initialization.
CVE-2013-1347: Microsoft Internet Explorer 8 does not properly handle objects in memory, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by accessing an object that (1) was not properly allocated or (2) is deleted, as exploited in the wild in May 2013.
CVE-2013-10039: A command injection vulnerability exists in GestioIP 3.0 commit ac67be and earlier in ip_checkhost.cgi. Crafted input to the 'ip' parameter allows attackers to execute arbitrary shell commands on the server via embedded base64-encoded payloads. Authentication may be required depending on deployment configuration.
CVE-2019-15985: Multiple vulnerabilities in the REST and SOAP API endpoints of Cisco Data Center Network Manager (DCNM) could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to execute arbitrary SQL commands on an affected device. To exploit these vulnerabilities, an attacker would need administrative privileges on the DCNM application. For more information about these vulnerabilities, see the Details section of this advisory. Note: The severity of these vulnerabilities is aggravated by the vulnerabilities described in the Cisco Data Center Network Manager Authentication Bypass Vulnerabilities advisory, published simultaneously with this one.
CVE-2026-28210: FreePBX is an open source IP PBX. Prior to versions 16.0.49 and 17.0.7, FreePBX module cdr (Call Data Record) is vulnerable to SQL query injection. This issue has been patched in versions 16.0.49 and 17.0.7.
CVE-2015-0613: The Connection Conversation Manager (aka CuCsMgr) process in Cisco Unity Connection 8.5 before 8.5(1)SU7, 8.6 before 8.6(2a)SU4, 9.x before 9.1(2)SU2, and 10.0 before 10.0(1)SU1, when SIP trunk integration is enabled, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (core dump and restart) via crafted SIP INVITE messages, aka Bug ID CSCul20444.
CVE-2023-50167: Pega Platform from 7.1.7 to 23.1.1 is affected by an XSS issue with editing/rendering user html content.
CVE-2025-26333: Dell BSAFE Crypto-J generates an error message that includes sensitive information about its environment and associated data. A remote attacker could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to information exposure.
CVE-2024-11577: Luxion KeyShot SKP File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Write Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Luxion KeyShot. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.  The specific flaw exists within the parsing of SKP files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a write past the end of an allocated buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-23685.
CVE-2023-0797: LibTIFF 4.4.0 has an out-of-bounds read in tiffcrop in libtiff/tif_unix.c:368, invoked by tools/tiffcrop.c:2903 and tools/tiffcrop.c:6921, allowing attackers to cause a denial-of-service via a crafted tiff file. For users that compile libtiff from sources, the fix is available with commit afaabc3e.
CVE-2020-10428: The way URIs are handled in admin/header.php in Chadha PHPKB Standard Multi-Language 9 allows Reflected XSS (injecting arbitrary web script or HTML) in admin/manage-news.php by adding a question mark (?) followed by the payload.
CVE-2026-27396: Missing Authorization vulnerability in e-plugins Directory Pro directory-pro allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Directory Pro: from n/a through <= 2.5.6.
CVE-2023-32872: In keyInstall, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: ALPS08308607; Issue ID: ALPS08308607.
CVE-2024-47693: In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:  IB/core: Fix ib_cache_setup_one error flow cleanup  When ib_cache_update return an error, we exit ib_cache_setup_one instantly with no proper cleanup, even though before this we had already successfully done gid_table_setup_one, that results in the kernel WARN below.  Do proper cleanup using gid_table_cleanup_one before returning the err in order to fix the issue.  WARNING: CPU: 4 PID: 922 at drivers/infiniband/core/cache.c:806 gid_table_release_one+0x181/0x1a0 Modules linked in: CPU: 4 UID: 0 PID: 922 Comm: c_repro Not tainted 6.11.0-rc1+ #3 Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS rel-1.13.0-0-gf21b5a4aeb02-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014 RIP: 0010:gid_table_release_one+0x181/0x1a0 Code: 44 8b 38 75 0c e8 2f cb 34 ff 4d 8b b5 28 05 00 00 e8 23 cb 34 ff 44 89 f9 89 da 4c 89 f6 48 c7 c7 d0 58 14 83 e8 4f de 21 ff <0f> 0b 4c 8b 75 30 e9 54 ff ff ff 48 8    3 c4 10 5b 5d 41 5c 41 5d 41 RSP: 0018:ffffc90002b835b0 EFLAGS: 00010286 RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: 0000000000000000 RCX: ffffffff811c8527 RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: ffffffff811c8534 RDI: 0000000000000001 RBP: ffff8881011b3d00 R08: ffff88810b3abe00 R09: 205d303839303631 R10: 666572207972746e R11: 72746e6520444947 R12: 0000000000000001 R13: ffff888106390000 R14: ffff8881011f2110 R15: 0000000000000001 FS:  00007fecc3b70800(0000) GS:ffff88813bd00000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 CR2: 0000000020000340 CR3: 000000010435a001 CR4: 00000000003706b0 DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000 DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400 Call Trace:  <TASK>  ? show_regs+0x94/0xa0  ? __warn+0x9e/0x1c0  ? gid_table_release_one+0x181/0x1a0  ? report_bug+0x1f9/0x340  ? gid_table_release_one+0x181/0x1a0  ? handle_bug+0xa2/0x110  ? exc_invalid_op+0x31/0xa0  ? asm_exc_invalid_op+0x16/0x20  ? __warn_printk+0xc7/0x180  ? __warn_printk+0xd4/0x180  ? gid_table_release_one+0x181/0x1a0  ib_device_release+0x71/0xe0  ? __pfx_ib_device_release+0x10/0x10  device_release+0x44/0xd0  kobject_put+0x135/0x3d0  put_device+0x20/0x30  rxe_net_add+0x7d/0xa0  rxe_newlink+0xd7/0x190  nldev_newlink+0x1b0/0x2a0  ? __pfx_nldev_newlink+0x10/0x10  rdma_nl_rcv_msg+0x1ad/0x2e0  rdma_nl_rcv_skb.constprop.0+0x176/0x210  netlink_unicast+0x2de/0x400  netlink_sendmsg+0x306/0x660  __sock_sendmsg+0x110/0x120  ____sys_sendmsg+0x30e/0x390  ___sys_sendmsg+0x9b/0xf0  ? kstrtouint+0x6e/0xa0  ? kstrtouint_from_user+0x7c/0xb0  ? get_pid_task+0xb0/0xd0  ? proc_fail_nth_write+0x5b/0x140  ? __fget_light+0x9a/0x200  ? preempt_count_add+0x47/0xa0  __sys_sendmsg+0x61/0xd0  do_syscall_64+0x50/0x110  entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e
CVE-2015-10028: A vulnerability has been found in ss15-this-is-sparta and classified as problematic. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file js/roomElement.js of the component Main Page. The manipulation leads to cross site scripting. The attack can be initiated remotely. The name of the patch is ba2f71ad3a46e5949ee0c510b544fa4ea973baaa. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue. The identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-217624.
CVE-2022-1544: Formula Injection/CSV Injection due to Improper Neutralization of Formula Elements in CSV File in GitHub repository luyadev/yii-helpers prior to 1.2.1. Successful exploitation can lead to impacts such as client-sided command injection, code execution, or remote ex-filtration of contained confidential data.
CVE-2022-3820: An issue has been discovered in GitLab affecting all versions starting from 15.4 prior to 15.4.4, and 15.5 prior to 15.5.2. GitLab was not performing correct authentication with some Package Registries when IP address restrictions were configured, allowing an attacker already in possession of a valid Deploy Token to misuse it from any location.
CVE-2021-3515: A shell injection flaw was found in pglogical in versions before 2.3.4 and before 3.6.26. An attacker with CREATEDB privileges on a PostgreSQL server can craft a database name that allows execution of shell commands as the postgresql user when calling pglogical.create_subscription().
CVE-2008-6692: SQL injection vulnerability in Diocese of Portsmouth Training Courses (pd_trainingcourses) extension 0.1.1 for TYPO3 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via unknown vectors.
CVE-2024-26832: In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:  mm: zswap: fix missing folio cleanup in writeback race path  In zswap_writeback_entry(), after we get a folio from __read_swap_cache_async(), we grab the tree lock again to check that the swap entry was not invalidated and recycled.  If it was, we delete the folio we just added to the swap cache and exit.  However, __read_swap_cache_async() returns the folio locked when it is newly allocated, which is always true for this path, and the folio is ref'd.  Make sure to unlock and put the folio before returning.  This was discovered by code inspection, probably because this path handles a race condition that should not happen often, and the bug would not crash the system, it will only strand the folio indefinitely.
CVE-2014-0504: Adobe Flash Player before 11.7.700.272 and 11.8.x through 12.0.x before 12.0.0.77 on Windows and OS X, and before 11.2.202.346 on Linux, allows attackers to read the clipboard via unspecified vectors.
CVE-2025-2194: A vulnerability was found in MRCMS 3.1.2 and classified as problematic. This issue affects the function list of the file /admin/file/list.do of the component org.marker.mushroom.controller.FileController. The manipulation of the argument path leads to cross site scripting. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
CVE-2023-20229: A vulnerability in the CryptoService function of Cisco Duo Device Health Application for Windows could allow an authenticated, local attacker with low privileges to conduct directory traversal attacks and overwrite arbitrary files on an affected system.   This vulnerability is due to insufficient input validation. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by executing a directory traversal attack on an affected host. A successful exploit could allow an attacker to use a cryptographic key to overwrite arbitrary files with SYSTEM-level privileges, resulting in a denial of service (DoS) condition or data loss on the affected system.
CVE-2025-5165: A vulnerability was found in Open Asset Import Library Assimp 5.4.3 and classified as problematic. This issue affects the function MDCImporter::ValidateSurfaceHeader of the file assimp/code/AssetLib/MDC/MDCLoader.cpp. The manipulation of the argument pcSurface2 leads to out-of-bounds read. Attacking locally is a requirement. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The project decided to collect all Fuzzer bugs in a main-issue to address them in the future.
CVE-2024-13412: The CozyStay theme for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the ajax_handler function in all versions up to, and including, 1.7.0. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary actions.
CVE-2023-34829: Incorrect access control in TP-Link Tapo before v3.1.315 allows attackers to access user credentials in plaintext.
CVE-2019-25453: phpMoAdmin 1.1.5 contains a reflected cross-site scripting vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to inject malicious scripts by manipulating the newdb parameter. Attackers can craft URLs with JavaScript payloads in the newdb parameter of moadmin.php to execute arbitrary code in users' browsers when they visit the malicious link.
CVE-2022-2759: Delta Electronics Delta Robot Automation Studio (DRAS) versions prior to 1.13.20 are affected by improper restrictions where the software processes an XML document that can contain XML entities with URIs that resolve to documents outside of the intended sphere of control, causing the product to embed incorrect documents into its output. This may allow an attacker to view sensitive documents and information on the affected host.
CVE-2024-9631: An issue was discovered in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions starting from 13.6 prior to 17.2.9, starting from 17.3 prior to 17.3.5, and starting from 17.4 prior to 17.4.2, where viewing diffs of MR with conflicts can be slow.
CVE-2023-41962: Cross-site scripting vulnerability in Credit Card Payment Setup page of Welcart e-Commerce versions 2.7 to 2.8.21 allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to inject an arbitrary script in the page.
CVE-2010-3194: The DB2DART program in IBM DB2 9.1 before FP9, 9.5 before FP6, and 9.7 before FP2 allows attackers to bypass intended file access restrictions via unspecified vectors related to overwriting files owned by an instance owner.
CVE-2011-1420: EMC Data Protection Advisor Collector 5.7 and 5.7.1 on Solaris SPARC platforms uses weak permissions for unspecified files, which allows local users to gain privileges via unknown vectors.
CVE-2025-11925: Incorrect Content-Type header in one of the APIs (`text/html` instead of `application/json`) replies may potentially allow injection of HTML/JavaScript into reply.This issue affects BLU-IC2: through 1.19.5; BLU-IC4: through 1.19.5.
CVE-2006-4333: The SSCOP dissector in Wireshark (formerly Ethereal) before 0.99.3 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (resource consumption) via malformed packets that cause the Q.2391 dissector to use excessive memory.
CVE-2014-1346: WebKit, as used in Apple Safari before 6.1.4 and 7.x before 7.0.4, does not properly interpret Unicode encoding, which allows remote attackers to spoof a postMessage origin, and bypass intended restrictions on sending a message to a connected frame or window, via crafted characters in a URL.
CVE-2024-43440: A flaw was found in moodle. A local file may include risks when restoring block backups.
CVE-2025-52639: HCL Connections is vulnerable to a sensitive information disclosure vulnerability which could allow a user to obtain sensitive information they are not entitled to, caused by improper rendering of application data.
CVE-2019-5818: Uninitialized data in media in Google Chrome prior to 74.0.3729.108 allowed a remote attacker to obtain potentially sensitive information from process memory via a crafted video file.
CVE-2013-7135: The Proc::Daemon module 0.14 for Perl uses world-writable permissions for a file that stores a process ID, which allows local users to have an unspecified impact by modifying this file.
CVE-2010-4782: Multiple SQL injection vulnerabilities in list.asp in Softwebs Nepal (aka Ananda Raj Pandey) Ananda Real Estate 3.4 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the (1) city, (2) state, (3) country, (4) minprice, (5) maxprice, (6) bed, and (7) bath parameters, different vectors than CVE-2006-6807.
CVE-2019-17337: The Spotfire library component of TIBCO Software Inc.'s TIBCO Spotfire Analytics Platform for AWS Marketplace and TIBCO Spotfire Server contains a vulnerability that theoretically allows an attacker to perform a reflected cross-site scripting (XSS) attack. Affected releases are TIBCO Software Inc.'s TIBCO Spotfire Analytics Platform for AWS Marketplace: version 10.6.0 and TIBCO Spotfire Server: versions 7.11.7 and below, versions 7.12.0, 7.13.0, 7.14.0, 10.0.0, 10.0.1, 10.1.0, 10.2.0, 10.2.1, 10.3.0, 10.3.1, 10.3.2, 10.3.3, and 10.3.4, versions 10.4.0, 10.5.0, and 10.6.0.
CVE-2025-24390: A vulnerability in OTRS Application Server and reverse proxy settings allows session hijacking due to missing attributes for sensitive cookie settings in HTTPS sessions.  This issue affects:     *  OTRS 7.0.X    *  OTRS 8.0.X   *  OTRS 2023.X   *  OTRS 2024.X
CVE-2026-25388: Missing Authorization vulnerability in scripteo Ads Pro ap-plugin-scripteo allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Ads Pro: from n/a through <= 5.0.
CVE-2024-24719: Missing Authorization vulnerability in Uriahs Victor Location Picker at Checkout for WooCommerce.This issue affects Location Picker at Checkout for WooCommerce: from n/a through 1.8.9.
CVE-2011-1721: Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in php/partie_administrateur/administration.php in WebJaxe 1.02 allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of administrators for requests that (1) modify passwords or (2) add new projects.  NOTE: some of these details are obtained from third party information.
CVE-2023-26858: SQL injection vulnerability found in PrestaSHp faqs v.3.1.6 allows a remote attacker to escalate privileges via the faqsBudgetModuleFrontController::displayAjaxGenerateBudget component.
CVE-2009-0971: Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in futomi's CGI Cafe Access Analyzer CGI Standard Version 3.8.1 and earlier allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unknown vectors.
CVE-2015-9013: An elevation of privilege vulnerability in Qualcomm closed source components. Product: Android. Versions: Android kernel. Android ID: A-36393251.
CVE-2009-1030: Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the choose_primary_blog function in wp-includes/wpmu-functions.php in WordPress MU (WPMU) before 2.7 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the HTTP Host header.
CVE-2020-7934: In LifeRay Portal CE 7.1.0 through 7.2.1 GA2, the First Name, Middle Name, and Last Name fields for user accounts in MyAccountPortlet are all vulnerable to a persistent XSS issue. Any user can modify these fields with a particular XSS payload, and it will be stored in the database. The payload will then be rendered when a user utilizes the search feature to search for other users (i.e., if a user with modified fields occurs in the search results). This issue was fixed in Liferay Portal CE version 7.3.0 GA1.
CVE-2014-6092: IBM Curam Social Program Management (SPM) 5.2 before SP6 EP6, 6.0 SP2 before EP26, 6.0.4 before 6.0.4.6, and 6.0.5 before 6.0.5.6 requires failed-login handling for web-service accounts to have the same lockout policy as for standard user accounts, which makes it easier for remote attackers to cause a denial of service (web-service outage) by making many login attempts with a valid caseworker account name.
CVE-2025-43852: Retrieval-based-Voice-Conversion-WebUI is a voice changing framework based on VITS. Versions 2.2.231006 and prior are vulnerable to unsafe deserialization. The model_choose variable takes user input (e.g. a path to a model) and passes it to the uvr function in vr.py. In uvr , if model_name contains the string "DeEcho", a new instance of AudioPreDeEcho class is created with the model_path attribute containing the aforementioned user input. In the AudioPreDeEcho class, the user input is used to load the model on that path with torch.load, which can lead to unsafe deserialization and remote code execution. As of time of publication, no known patches exist.
CVE-2023-1013: Improper Neutralization of Script-Related HTML Tags in a Web Page (Basic XSS) vulnerability in Virames Vira-Investing allows Cross-Site Scripting (XSS).This issue affects Vira-Investing: before 1.0.84.86.
CVE-2011-2597: The Lucent/Ascend file parser in Wireshark 1.2.x before 1.2.18, 1.4.x through 1.4.7, and 1.6.0 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (infinite loop) via malformed packets.