---
annotations_creators:
- machine-generated
language:
- de
- en
- fr
- it
language_creators:
- found
license:
- cc-by-nc-4.0
multilinguality:
- multilingual
pretty_name: x-stance
size_categories:
- 10K<n<100K
source_datasets:
- original
task_categories:
- text-classification
task_ids: []
paperswithcode_id: x-stance
tags:
- stance-detection
dataset_info:
  features:
  - name: question
    dtype: string
  - name: id
    dtype: int32
  - name: question_id
    dtype: int32
  - name: language
    dtype: string
  - name: comment
    dtype: string
  - name: label
    dtype: string
  - name: numerical_label
    dtype: int32
  - name: author
    dtype: string
  - name: topic
    dtype: string
  splits:
  - name: train
    num_bytes: 17619123
    num_examples: 45640
  - name: test
    num_bytes: 6607134
    num_examples: 17705
  - name: validation
    num_bytes: 1505979
    num_examples: 3926
  download_size: 6410801
  dataset_size: 25732236
---

# Dataset Card for "x_stance"

## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
  - [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
  - [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
  - [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
  - [Data Instances](#data-instances)
  - [Data Fields](#data-fields)
  - [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
  - [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
  - [Source Data](#source-data)
  - [Annotations](#annotations)
  - [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
  - [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
  - [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
  - [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
  - [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
  - [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
  - [Citation Information](#citation-information)
  - [Contributions](#contributions)

## Dataset Description

- **Homepage:**
- **Repository:** https://github.com/ZurichNLP/xstance
- **Paper:** [X-Stance: A Multilingual Multi-Target Dataset for Stance Detection](https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.08385)
- **Point of Contact:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 6.41 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 25.73 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 32.14 MB

### Dataset Summary

The x-stance dataset contains more than 150 political questions, and 67k comments written by candidates on those questions.

It can be used to train and evaluate stance detection systems.

### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

### Languages

The comments are partly German, partly French and Italian. The questions are available in all the three languages plus English. 

## Dataset Structure

### Data Instances

#### default

- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 6.41 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 25.73 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 32.14 MB

An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
    "author": "f27b54a137b4",
    "comment": "Das Arbeitsgesetz regelt die Arbeitszeiten und schützt den Arbeitnehmer. Es macht doch Sinn, dass wenn eine Nachfrage besteht, die Läden öffnen dürfen und wenn es keine Nachfrage gibt, diese geschlossen bleiben.",
    "id": 10045,
    "label": "FAVOR",
    "language": "de",
    "numerical_label": 100,
    "question": "Sind Sie für eine vollständige Liberalisierung der Geschäftsöffnungszeiten (Geschäfte können die Öffnungszeiten nach freiem Ermessen festlegen)?",
    "question_id": 739,
    "topic": "Economy"
}
```

### Data Fields

The data fields are the same among all splits.

#### default
- `question`: a `string` feature.
- `id`: a `int32` feature.
- `question_id`: a `int32` feature.
- `language`: a `string` feature.
- `comment`: a `string` feature.
- `label`: a `string` feature.
- `numerical_label`: a `int32` feature.
- `author`: a `string` feature.
- `topic`: a `string` feature.

### Data Splits

| name  |train|validation|test |
|-------|----:|---------:|----:|
|default|45640|      3926|17705|

## Dataset Creation

### Curation Rationale

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

### Source Data

#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization

The data have been extracted from the Swiss voting advice platform Smartvote.ch.

#### Who are the source language producers?

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

### Annotations

#### Annotation process

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

#### Who are the annotators?

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

### Personal and Sensitive Information

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

## Considerations for Using the Data

### Social Impact of Dataset

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

### Discussion of Biases

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

### Other Known Limitations

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

## Additional Information

### Dataset Curators

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

### Licensing Information

The dataset is licensed under [CC BY-NC 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).

### Citation Information

```
@inproceedings{vamvas2020xstance,
    author    = "Vamvas, Jannis and Sennrich, Rico",
    title     = "{X-Stance}: A Multilingual Multi-Target Dataset for Stance Detection",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 5th Swiss Text Analytics Conference (SwissText) \& 16th Conference on Natural Language Processing (KONVENS)",
    address   = "Zurich, Switzerland",
    year      = "2020",
    month     = "jun",
    url       = "http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2624/paper9.pdf"
}
```


### Contributions

Thanks to [@lewtun](https://github.com/lewtun), [@mariamabarham](https://github.com/mariamabarham), [@thomwolf](https://github.com/thomwolf), [@patrickvonplaten](https://github.com/patrickvonplaten), [@jvamvas](https://github.com/jvamvas) for adding this dataset.