Table:
0
A
B
C
D
E
F
1
country id
name
population
area
languages
2
1
Austria
8206524
83871
German
3
2
Finland
5261008
338145
Finnish Swedish
4
3
Sweden
9047752
449964
Swedish

Questions and formulas:
Question: List the names of countries whose language is not "German".
Formula: FILTER(B1,E1<>"German")
Formula2: FILTER(B2:B4,E2:E4<>"German")
Level: easy
Question: Names and Ids of countries which do not speak German
Formula: LET(query1,FILTER(A1:F1,E1<>"german"),UNIQUE(CHOOSECOLS(query1,2,1)))
Formula2: LET(query1,FILTER(A2:F4,E2:E4<>"german"),UNIQUE(CHOOSECOLS(query1,2,1)))
Level: hard
Question: Names of countries which do not speak German and the ids.
Formula: LET(a,HSTACK(B1,A1),b,A1,c,CHOOSECOLS(UNIQUE(CHOOSECOLS(FILTER(A1:F1,E1<>"german"),1)),1),UNIQUE(FILTER(a,NOT(ISNA(XLOOKUP(b,c,c))))))
Formula2: LET(a,HSTACK(B2:B4,A2:A4),b,A2:A4,c,CHOOSECOLS(UNIQUE(CHOOSECOLS(FILTER(A2:A4:F1,E2:E4<>"german"),1)),1),UNIQUE(FILTER(a,NOT(ISNA(XLOOKUP(b,c,c))))))
Level: hard