Table:
0
A
B
C
D
E
1
Rank
Airline
Country
Remarks
Alliance
2
1
TAM
Brazil
In process of fusion with Lan to form LATAM
Star Alliance
3
2
Gol
Brazil
N/A
N/A
4
3
LAN Airlines
Chile
In process of merger with Tam to form LATAM
Oneworld
5
4
Avianca
Colombia
It only includes Avianca Colombia
Star Alliance
6
5
Aerolíneas Argentinas
Argentina
Including Austral
Skyteam (2012)

Questions and formulas:
Question: Name the country for airline of gol
Formula: UNIQUE(CHOOSECOLS(FILTER(A1:E1,B1="gol"),3))
Formula2: UNIQUE(CHOOSECOLS(FILTER(A2:E6,B2:B6="gol"),3))
Level: medium
Question: Name the airline for rank of 4
Formula: LET(query1,SUMMARIZE(B1,SUMX(A1)),FILTER(query1,CHOOSECOLS(query1,2)=4))
Formula2: LET(query1,SUMMARIZE(B2:B6,SUMX(A2:A6)),FILTER(query1,CHOOSECOLS(query1,2)=4))
Level: hard