Table:
0
A
B
C
D
E
1
Buffalo
Rochester
Syracuse
Utica
Albany
2
Oatka Creek shale
Oatka Creek shale
Cardiff dark gray shale
Pecksport shale
(Mt. Marion Fm.)
3
Oatka Creek shale
Oatka Creek shale
Cardiff dark gray shale
Solsville shale and sandstone
Solsville shale and sandstone
4
Oatka Creek shale
Oatka Creek shale
Cardiff dark gray shale
Bridgewater shale
Otsego
5
Oatka Creek shale
Oatka Creek shale
Chittenango black shale
Chittenango black shale
Berne
6
Cherry Valley limestone
Cherry Valley limestone
Cherry Valley limestone
Cherry Valley limestone
Stony Hollow shale & limestone
7
(Seneca Mb.) (Onondaga Fm.)
Union Springs shale and limestone
Union Springs shale and limestone
Union Springs shale and limestone
Stony Hollow shale & limestone
8
(Seneca Mb.) (Onondaga Fm.)
(Onondaga Fm.)
(Onondaga Fm.)
Union Springs shale and limestone
Union Springs shale and limestone

Questions and formulas:
Question: What is Rochester, when Syracuse is Cardiff Dark Gray Shale, and when Albany is (Mt. Marion Fm.)?
Formula: UNIQUE(CHOOSECOLS(FILTER(A1:E1,(C1="cardiff dark gray shale")*(E1="(mt. marion fm.)")),2))
Formula2: UNIQUE(CHOOSECOLS(FILTER(A2:E8,(C2:C8="cardiff dark gray shale")*(E2:E8="(mt. marion fm.)")),2))
Level: medium
Question: What is Albany, when Buffalo is Oatka Creek Shale, and when Syracuse is Cardiff Dark Gray Shale?
Formula: UNIQUE(CHOOSECOLS(FILTER(A1:E1,(A1="oatka creek shale")*(C1="cardiff dark gray shale")),5))
Formula2: UNIQUE(CHOOSECOLS(FILTER(A2:E8,(A2:A8="oatka creek shale")*(C2:C8="cardiff dark gray shale")),5))
Level: medium
Question: What is Syracuse, when Utica is Union Springs Shale And Limestone, and when Rochester is Union Springs Shale And Limestone?
Formula: UNIQUE(CHOOSECOLS(FILTER(A1:E1,(D1="union springs shale and limestone")*(B1="union springs shale and limestone")),3))
Formula2: UNIQUE(CHOOSECOLS(FILTER(A2:E8,(D2:D8="union springs shale and limestone")*(B2:B8="union springs shale and limestone")),3))
Level: medium
Question: What is Syracuse, when Utica is Solsville Shale And Sandstone?
Formula: UNIQUE(CHOOSECOLS(FILTER(A1:E1,D1="solsville shale and sandstone"),3))
Formula2: UNIQUE(CHOOSECOLS(FILTER(A2:E8,D2:D8="solsville shale and sandstone"),3))
Level: medium
Question: What is Syracuse, when Buffalo is Oatka Creek Shale, and when Albany is Berne?
Formula: UNIQUE(CHOOSECOLS(FILTER(A1:E1,(A1="oatka creek shale")*(E1="berne")),3))
Formula2: UNIQUE(CHOOSECOLS(FILTER(A2:E8,(A2:A8="oatka creek shale")*(E2:E8="berne")),3))
Level: medium