Table:
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B
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E
1
Modern English day name
Old English day name
English day name meaning
Glossed from Latin day name
Latin day name meaning
2
Tuesday
Tiwesdæg
" Tiw 's day"
Dies Martis
"Day of Mars "
3
Wednesday
Wōdnesdæg
" Woden 's day"
Dies Mercurii
"Day of Mercury "
4
Thursday
Þūnresdæg
" Thunor 's day"
Dies Iovis
"Day of Jupiter "
5
Friday
Frigedæg
" *Frija 's day"
Dies Veneris
"Day of Venus "
6
Saturday
Sæturnesdæg
" Saturn 's day"
Dies Saturni
"Day of Saturn "

Questions and formulas:
Question: what is the old English name of Saturday? 
Formula: UNIQUE(CHOOSECOLS(FILTER(A1:E1,A1="Saturday"),2))
Formula2: UNIQUE(CHOOSECOLS(FILTER(A2:E6,A2:A6="Saturday"),2))
Level: medium
Question: how mant different day names in old English were coined from the Latin day name "dies iovis"?
Formula: ROWS(UNIQUE(FILTER(B1, D1="Dies Iovis")))
Formula2: ROWS(UNIQUE(FILTER(B2:B6, D2:D6="Dies Iovis")))
Level: medium
Question: how many different meanings does Wednesday have?
Formula: UNIQUE(CHOOSECOLS(FILTER(A1:E1,A1="Wednesday"),3))
Formula2: UNIQUE(CHOOSECOLS(FILTER(A2:E6,A2:A6="Wednesday"),3))
Level: medium
Question: what is the English meaning of the old English name "sæturnesdæg"?
Formula: UNIQUE(CHOOSECOLS(FILTER(A1:E1,B1="Sæturnesdæg"),3))
Formula2: UNIQUE(CHOOSECOLS(FILTER(A2:E6,B2:B6="Sæturnesdæg"),3))
Level: medium
Question: what is the meaning of the latin day name "dies saturni"?
Formula: UNIQUE(CHOOSECOLS(FILTER(A1:E1,D1="Dies Saturni"),5))
Formula2: UNIQUE(CHOOSECOLS(FILTER(A2:E6,D2:D6="Dies Saturni"),5))
Level: medium