Table:
0
A
B
C
D
E
F
1
Material
Formula
Refractive index(es) 589.3nm
Hardness ( Mohs' scale )
Density (g/cm 3 )
State of the art
2
Diamond
C
2.417
10
3.52
(Natural)
3
Artificial Simulants:
Artificial Simulants:
Artificial Simulants:
Artificial Simulants:
Artificial Simulants:
Artificial Simulants:
4
es Glass
Silica with Pb , Al , &/or Tl
~ 1.6
< 6
2.4 – 4.2
1700 –
5
White Sapphire
Al 2 O 3
1.762 – 1.770
9
3.97
1900–1947
6
Spinel
MgO·Al 2 O 3
1.727
8
~ 3.6
1920–1947
7
Rutile
TiO 2
2.62 – 2.9
~ 6
4.25
1947–1955
8
Strontium titanate
SrTiO 3
2.41
5.5
5.13
1955–1970
9
YAG
Y 3 Al 5 O 12
1.83
8.25
4.55 – 4.65
1970–1975
10
GGG
Gd 3 Ga 5 O 12
1.97
7
7.02
1973–1975
11
Cubic Zirconia
ZrO 2 (+ rare earths)
~ 2.2
~ 8.3
~ 5.7
1976 –
12
Moissanite
SiC
2.648 – 2.691
8.5–9.25
3.2
1998 –
13
Natural Simulants:
Natural Simulants:
Natural Simulants:
Natural Simulants:
Natural Simulants:
Natural Simulants:
14
Quartz
Silica
1.543 – 1.554
7-
2.50 – 2.65
Ancient

Questions and formulas:
Question: What hardness has a formula of y 3 al 5 o 12?
Formula: UNIQUE(CHOOSECOLS(FILTER(A1:F1,B1="y 3 al 5 o 12"),4))
Formula2: UNIQUE(CHOOSECOLS(FILTER(A2:F14,B2:B14="y 3 al 5 o 12"),4))
Level: medium
Question: Which formula has a refractive index 589.3 at 1.97?
Formula: UNIQUE(CHOOSECOLS(FILTER(A1:F1,C1=1.97),2))
Formula2: UNIQUE(CHOOSECOLS(FILTER(A2:F14,C2:C14=1.97),2))
Level: medium
Question: How much is the density with a hardness of ~ 8.3?
Formula: UNIQUE(CHOOSECOLS(FILTER(A1:F1,D1="~ 8.3"),5))
Formula2: UNIQUE(CHOOSECOLS(FILTER(A2:F14,D2:D14="~ 8.3"),5))
Level: medium
Question: Which material has a hardness of 8.25?
Formula: UNIQUE(CHOOSECOLS(FILTER(A1:F1,D1="8.25"),1))
Formula2: UNIQUE(CHOOSECOLS(FILTER(A2:F14,D2:D14="8.25"),1))
Level: medium