Table:
0
A
B
C
D
1
Years Ended September 30,
2
2019
2018
2017
3
(in thousands)
4
Tax expense at U.S. statutory rate
$ 10,992
$  3,124
$  (3,877)
5
State income taxes, net of federal tax effect
1,416
(237)
(923)
6
Nondeductible expenses
1,720
1,186
(185)
7
Change in reserve for tax contingencies
(1,468)
(1,047)
(4,435)
8
Change in deferred tax asset valuation allowance
(10,007)
8,784
17,374
9
Foreign rate differential (1)
2,149
5,684
9,912
10
Tax credits
(4,767)
(2,656)
(3,459)
11
Impact of U.S. Tax Reform
—
(7,053)
—
12
Global Intangible Low-Tax Income
8,182
—
—
13
Stock Based Compensation
(448)
59
16
14
Non-controlling interest in equity arrangements
1,802
99
—
15
Other
1,469
(850)
235
16
Provision for income taxes
$  11,040
$  7,093
$  14,658

Questions and formulas:
Question: What is the change in nondeductible expenses in 2019 from 2018?
Formula: B6-C6
Formula2: B6-C6
Level: Calculation
Question: What is the percentage change in nondeductible expenses in 2019 from 2018?
Formula: (B6-C6)/C6
Formula2: (B6-C6)/C6
Level: Calculation