Table:
0
A
B
C
D
1
($ in millions)
2
For the year ended December 31:
2018*
2017*
Yr.-to-Yr. Percent/ Margin Change
3
Global Technology Services
4
External total gross profit
$10,035
$10,022
0.1%
5
External total gross profit margin
34.4%
34.3%
0.1 pts
6
Pre-tax income
$ 1,781
$ 2,618
(32.0)%
7
Pre-tax margin
5.9%
8.8%
(2.8) pts

Questions and formulas:
Question: What is the average of External total gross profit?
Formula: (B4+C4) / 2
Formula2: (B4+C4) / 2
Level: Calculation
Question: What is the increase/ (decrease) in External total gross profit from 2017 to 2018
Formula: B4-C4
Formula2: B4-C4
Level: Calculation
Question: What is the increase/ (decrease) in Pre-tax income from 2017 to 2018
Formula: B6-C6
Formula2: B6-C6
Level: Calculation