Table:
0
A
B
C
D
E
1
Tournament
2009
2010
2011
2012
2
Australian Open
A
A
A
A
3
French Open
A
A
A
A
4
Wimbledon
2R
A
1R
1R
5
US Open
A
A
A
A
6
Win–Loss
1–1
0–0
0–1
0–1
7
Year-end Ranking
362
328
267
1,176

Questions and formulas:
Question: What is 2011, when 2009 is "A"?
Formula: UNIQUE(CHOOSECOLS(FILTER(A1:E1,B1="a"),4))
Formula2: UNIQUE(CHOOSECOLS(FILTER(A2:E7,B2:B7="a"),4))
Level: medium
Question: What is 2009, when Tournament is "Year-End Ranking"?
Formula: UNIQUE(CHOOSECOLS(FILTER(A1:E1,A1="year-end ranking"),2))
Formula2: UNIQUE(CHOOSECOLS(FILTER(A2:E7,A2:A7="year-end ranking"),2))
Level: medium
Question: What is 2011, when 2012 is "1R"?
Formula: UNIQUE(CHOOSECOLS(FILTER(A1:E1,E1="1r"),4))
Formula2: UNIQUE(CHOOSECOLS(FILTER(A2:E7,E2:E7="1r"),4))
Level: medium
Question: What is 2012, when 2009 is "A"?
Formula: UNIQUE(CHOOSECOLS(FILTER(A1:E1,B1="a"),5))
Formula2: UNIQUE(CHOOSECOLS(FILTER(A2:E7,B2:B7="a"),5))
Level: medium
Question: What is 2011, when 2012 is "A", and when Tournament is "French Open"?
Formula: UNIQUE(CHOOSECOLS(FILTER(A1:E1,(E1="a")*(A1="french open")),4))
Formula2: UNIQUE(CHOOSECOLS(FILTER(A2:E7,(E2:E7="a")*(A2:A7="french open")),4))
Level: medium