西安市阎良区人民法院  西安市阎良区人民法院民事判决书 （2019）陕0114民初527号原告:成都律军风险管理股份有限公司。住所地:中国(四川)自由贸易区成都市天府新区。法定代表人：冯家辉，该公司董事长。委托诉讼代理人：侯丹萍，陕西仁和万国律师事务所律师。被告:刘兴蛇，男，西安市阎良区村民。原告成都律军风险管理股份有限公司（以下简称律军公司）与被告刘兴蛇民间借贷纠纷一案，本院于2019年2月26日立案后，依法适用普通程序公开开庭进行了审理，原告律军公司委托诉讼代理人侯丹萍到庭参加了诉讼，被告刘兴蛇经传票传唤，无正当理由未到庭参加诉讼。本案经缺席审理，现已审理终结。原告律军公司向本院提出诉讼请求: 1、请求判令被告向原告支付尚欠借款本金2916.67元；2、请求判令被告向原告支付利息1168.61元，以尚欠借款本金2916.67元为基数，（原告自愿调整）按年利率24%的标准，自逾期之日2017年2月24日起，计算至实际清偿之日止，暂计算至2018年10月18日，共计4085.28元；3、请求判令本案实现债权的费用、诉讼费由被告承担。事实和理由：2016年8月24日，被告通过与深圳普惠快捷金融服务有限公司(以下简称“普惠快捷”)签订《个人借款申请表)及《个人借款合同条款与条件》，与上海国诚金融信息服务有限公司(以下简称“国诚金融”，与普惠快捷系合作关系)平台注册的投资用户黎晓辉(即出借人)建立了借款关系，约定借款金额5000元，分期期数为12期，按月还款，每月还款金额619元。此外，并约定了逾期还款责任等。合同签订后，出借人按照合同约定履行了出借义务。截至目前，被告已还5期，未还7期。2018年9月4日，黎晓辉与原告签订《债权转让协议》，且履行了通知义务，原告已依法取得对被告的债权。现原告为维护自己的合法权益，特向法院提起诉讼，请求判如所请。被告刘兴蛇未作答辩。                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 原告律军公司向本院提交了以下证据：一、原告营业执照、原告法定代表人身份证明书、原告法定代表人身份证复印件，证明原告为适格主体；二、被告身份证明，证明被告主体资格；三、《个人借款申请表》、《个人借款合同条款与条件》、《个人借款确认单》、《转账凭证》、《证明》，证明借贷关系成立及履行借款的实际发生；四、《债权转让证明》，证明债权转让事实；五、《债权转让通知书》，证明债权转让通知事实。被告刘兴蛇未到庭参加诉讼，视为放弃诉讼权利。本院对原告提交的证据以及所欲证明的事实进行审查，予以认定。根据当事人陈述及经审查确认的证据，本院认定事实如下：普惠快捷与国诚金融系合作关系，负责审核并向国诚金融推荐借款人。黎晓辉系国诚金融平台注册投资用户，与普惠快捷推介至国诚金融平台的借款人建立借贷关系。2016年8月23日，被告刘兴蛇向普惠快捷提交《个人借款申请表》、《还款提示单》，该申请表及《还款提示单》主要内容为：“刘兴蛇借款金额5000元，分12个月还清，每月还款金额为619元，每月23日为还款日，首次还款日为2016年9月23日，收款人账户名称为深圳普惠快捷金融服务有限公司，收款账号为22814401040010320”。同日，普惠快捷与刘兴蛇又签订《个人借款合同条款与条件》，主要内容为：鉴于普惠快捷作为客户服务供应商与国诚金融建立有合作关系，负责审核并向国诚金融平台推荐借款人，借款人拟通过客户服务供应商及国诚金融向国诚金融的注册投资用户(出借人)申请一笔《个人借款申请表》中所列明的借款，并由客户服务供应商向借款人提供与该借款相关的客户服务。客户服务供应商与借款人现就借款一事共同确认以下条款：一、基本借款条款与定义  1.借款本金：指个人借款申请表所列“商品借款金额”及客户服务供应商根据下述第二条约定一次性收取的借款管理费之和，具体借款金额以借款人授权客户服务供应商或者国诚金融在国诚金融上确认的借款金额为准。2.每月还款金额：其中包括应支付予出借人的本金、利息及应支付予客户服务供应商的客户服务费和相应的保险手续费。借款按月等额本息还款的方式偿还。所需分期期数以及每期应支付的期款以个人借款申请表所列“分期期数”和“每月还款金额”为准。3.借款期间从借款人签署个人借款申请表之日开始至最后一笔期款到期日为止。4.每一期期款的到期日以个人借款申请表所列每月还款日为准。八、3.若借款人在某一笔期款的还款到期日90天之后仍未完全偿还该笔期款，则本合同将提前终止，借款人应立即一次性偿还本合同下全部款项。合同签订后，普惠快捷将国诚金融投资用户黎晓辉为刘兴蛇提供的借款5000元打入刘兴蛇银行账户。2018年9月10日，黎晓辉向律军公司出具《债权转让证明》主要内容为:“借款人通过普惠快捷的居间服务与普惠快捷签《个人借款申请表》和《个人借款合同条款与条件》，现借款人未按期限履行还款义务，己构成违约。现黎晓辉将依法享有的前述债权转让给成都律军风险管理股份有限公司，成都律军风险管理股份有限公司依法取得《电子汇总明细表》所载的债权”。该《电子汇总明细表》载明实际出借人黎晓辉向近百人出借资金，其中包含本案刘兴蛇借款5000元。2018年10月8日，普惠快捷作为平台居间服务方，向刘兴蛇通知了该债权转让事宜。原告称刘兴蛇偿还5期借款3095元后未再还本付息。审理中，因被告刘兴蛇缺席，致调解无法达成。本院认为，民间借贷行为是指自然人、法人、或其他组织之间及其相互之间进行资金融通的行为，故非金融机构法人、其他组织或自然人亦可按照相关法律规定从事民间借贷之行为，但上述主体从事此类行为仅是利用其闲置资金临时性向其他市场主体出借一定钱款，虽存在收益，但不以营利作为最终目的。此外，民间借贷行为的目的是进行资金融通，因此出借对象应当限定在合理的小范围之内，而非向不特定对象出借。超出民间借贷范围从事借贷业务需经相关管理部门批准。本案中，出借人黎晓辉系国诚金融平台注册投资用户，其通过国诚金融平台向普惠快捷推介的包含本案被告刘兴蛇在内的近百名借款人出借资金，以获取高额利息。黎晓辉未取得金融监管部门批准向社会不特定对象出借资金以赚取高额利息，可以认定其行为系向社会公众发放贷款，而非民间借贷行为。《中华人民共和国银行业监督管理法》第十九条规定“未经国务院银行业监督管理机构批准，任何单位或者个人不得设立银行业金融机构或者从事银行业金融机构的业务活动”。因此，黎晓辉与被告刘兴蛇之间的借款协议因违反法律强制性规定，应认定无效。因借款合同无效，借款人因借款合同取得的钱款应当予以返还。本院确认被告刘兴蛇实际取得5000元，已归还3095元，尚余1905元应予返还。同时，基于双方订立借款合同时确具有借款付息的合同目的，且借款人实际使用了出借人提供的资金，出借人实际亦具有利息损失，故借款人应向出借人支付资金占用费。资金占用费具体参照《最高人民法院关于审理民间借贷案件适用法律若干问题的规定》中的相关规定，应以未归还款项1905元为基数，按照年利率6%的标准从原告所主张的2017年2月24日计算至实际还款之日。黎晓辉已将其对被告刘兴蛇享有的债权转让给了本案原告律军公司，且已履行了通知义务，故被告刘兴蛇应向原告律军公司返还剩余款项1905元，并支付上述资金占用费。原告请求判令本案实现债权的费用由被告承担，无事实及法律依据，本院不予支持。被告刘兴蛇经本院合法传唤，无正当理由拒不到庭应诉，视为放弃诉讼权利，应承担由此带来的法律后果。综上所述，依照《中华人民共和国合同法》第五十二条第（五）项、第五十六条、第五十八条、第八十条、《中华人民共和国银行业监督管理法》第十九条、《最高人民法院关于审理民间借贷案件适用法律若干问题的规定》第一条第一款、第十四条第（五）项、第二十九条第二款第（一）项、《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第六十四条、第一百四十四条之规定，判决如下：一、被告刘兴蛇于本判决生效后10日内返还原告成都律军风险管理股份有限公司款项1905元，并以1905元为基数，按照年利率6%支付自2017年2月24日至实际清偿之日止的资金占用费；二、驳回原告成都律军风险管理股份有限公司其他诉讼请求。如果未按本判决指定的期间履行给付金钱义务的，应当依照《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第二百五十三条规定，加倍支付迟延履行期间的债务利息。案件受理费50元，由被告刘兴蛇负担24元，原告成都律军风险管理股份有限公司负担26元。因该费用原告成都律军风险管理股份有限公司已预交，被告刘兴蛇于本判决生效后十日内一并给付原告成都律军风险管理股份有限公司。如不服本判决，可在判决书送达之日起十五日内，向本院递交上诉状，并按对方当事人的人数提出副本，上诉于陕西省西安市中级人民法院。 审  判  长  张素粉审  判  员  曹正龙人民陪审员  秦  毅    二〇一九年八月十六日 书  记  员  乔卫鑫1