陕西省西安市中级人民法院陕西省西安市中级人民法院民事判决书（2020）陕01民终7266号上诉人（原审原告）：洪剑芳，男，1962年7月7日出生，汉族，住西安市灞桥区。委托诉讼代理人：胡晓龙，陕西宽展律师事务所律师。被上诉人（原审被告）：洪国梁，男，1989年4月11日出生，汉族，住福建省泉州市丰泽区。委托诉讼代理人：李兴，陕西云德律师事务所律师。委托诉讼代理人：吴振霞，陕西云德律师事务所实习律师。被上诉人（原审被告）：吕玲玲，女，1962年10月6日出生，汉族，住福建省泉州市丰泽区。委托诉讼代理人：吕胸怀，男，1973年9月1日出生，汉族，住福建省南安市，系吕玲玲之弟。上诉人洪剑芳因与被上诉人洪国梁、吕玲玲所有权确认纠纷一案，不服西安市灞桥区人民法院（2019）陕0111民初6740号民事判决，向本院提起上诉。本院依法组成合议庭审理了本案。本案现已审理终结。洪剑芳上诉请求：1.撤销原判，改判确认房产归洪剑芳及吕玲玲共同所有，判令洪国梁向洪剑芳、吕玲玲办理房产过户手续；2.一、二审诉讼费由洪国梁、吕玲玲负担。事实和理由：洪剑芳与吕玲玲一审中对争议房产的权利是一致的，吕玲玲作为可能的财产共有人，是与洪剑芳的共有，而非与洪国梁的共有，如依法追加，应将吕玲玲追加为共同原告，或无独立请求权第三人。吕玲玲如何处置其共有部分，与本案无关。一审法院将吕玲玲与洪国梁在主张上的一致混同于在权利义务上的一致，导致法律关系混乱。一审判决认定该房屋系洪剑芳、吕玲玲共有财产支付购买，即已确认该房屋系夫妻共同财产且尚未分割，却驳回了洪剑芳要求确权的请求，自相矛盾。一审法院追加吕玲玲为被告，扩大了审理范围，改变了案件性质，严重违反程序。涉案房屋原以洪某某名义购买，是洪剑芳借子女名义规避相应风险，2013年底，洪某某准备结婚，洪剑芳担心产生不必要的争议，安排由洪某某名下过户至洪国梁名下。以赠与形式办理过户，是为节约成本，过户的全部税费都由洪剑芳支付。洪国梁在原一、二审中均主张该房屋系洪剑芳赠与其的，也承认洪某某过户给其是洪剑芳的授意和安排，双方争议的焦点仅在于洪剑芳的这种安排是对洪国梁的赠与还是代持，不存在洪某某决定将该房屋赠与洪国梁的事实。该房屋系洪剑芳出资购买，所有税费、物业、水电等都由洪剑芳支付，购买至今一直由洪剑芳居住，而洪国梁一直在福建老家工作生活。洪国梁对是否存在赠与并未提供证据予以证明。该房屋涉及共有财产，如果成立赠与，要所有共有人一致同意方能有效，而本案显然不能成立共同赠与。洪国梁辩称，涉案房屋系洪国梁于2013年4月15日与当时的房屋所有权人洪某某签订《房产赠与合同》接受赠与取得，并于2013年6月6日经依法登记取得房屋所有权证。《房产赠与合同》由洪某某与洪国梁自愿签订，并经公证，合法有效。根据《物权法》第六条、第九条规定，洪国梁作为登记所有权人，涉案房屋应属洪国梁所有。虽涉案房屋系洪剑芳与吕玲玲婚姻关系存续期间购买，但洪剑芳主动将该房屋登记在洪某某名下，系将该房屋赠与洪某某。在洪某某与洪国梁签订《房产赠与合同》、为洪国梁办理房屋所有权证时，洪剑芳均未提出异议，并在其与吕玲玲协议离婚时，也未将该房屋作为夫妻共同财产在离婚协议中进行分割。可见，洪剑芳与吕玲玲在离婚时对该房屋所有权属洪国梁并无异议，洪国梁确系该房屋所有权人，洪剑芳无权要求洪国梁为其办理房产过户手续。吕玲玲辩称，其答辩意见与洪国梁答辩意见一致。洪剑芳向一审法院起诉请求：1.确认位于西安市灞桥区长乐东路沁水新城15栋6层30601号房屋的所有权归其所有；2.判令洪国梁立即为其办理该房屋过户手续；3.本案诉讼费由洪国梁负担。一审法院认定事实：洪剑芳与洪国梁系父子关系，涉案房产原所有人为陈钟。2010年11月4日洪剑芳作为乙方（受让方）与甲方（出让人）陈钟签订出让房屋协议一份，甲方自愿出让自有复式住房一套，位于西安市灞桥区XX路XX号XX城XX号楼XX单元XX室，出让房屋总价款83万元，乙方自愿支付给甲方第一次房款40万元，从第一次付房款起，甲方将房屋产权证从银行（甲方按揭款付清）拿出后，双方共同去有关房产转让机构办理房产交易转让手续，办理机关收受出让契约后，乙方再将协议款之余款43万元一次性交给甲方等。协议签订后，洪剑芳将房屋价款给付出让方，出让方也交付房屋，之后，洪剑芳缴纳相关费用，对房屋进行装修并一直居住。另查明，涉案房屋原以洪剑芳、吕玲玲之女洪某某名义购买，并登记在洪某某名下。2013年4月15日洪某某与洪国梁签订《房产赠与合同》并在陕西省西安市汉唐公证处办理公证，将涉案房产赠与洪国梁，并约定“以上赠与不附加任何条件”、“以上赠与行为系赠与人洪某某与受赠人洪国梁自愿订立，未受他人胁迫或欺骗”。其后双方办理了房屋产权过户登记手续，现涉案房产于2013年6月6日登记在洪国梁名下。洪剑芳与吕玲玲原系夫妻关系，二人于1999年9月10日登记结婚，2014年2月18日协议离婚并办理离婚登记手续，双方离婚协议的财产分割中没有关于涉案房产的分割处分内容。一审法院认为，公民合法权益应当受到法律保护，任何组织或者不得侵犯。涉案房产购买于洪剑芳与吕玲玲婚姻关系存续期间，购房款项为夫妻共有财产支付。涉案房产虽然一直由洪剑芳居住使用，但该房产以洪某某名义购买、登记，其后洪某某在婚前赠与洪国梁，现房产登记在洪国梁名下。洪剑芳主张其为涉案房产的实际所有人，但购房款项非其一人出资，且其与吕玲玲离婚时未对该房产进行处置，吕玲玲认为该房产为夫妻关系存续期间对涉案房产共同赠与洪国梁，故该涉案房产非洪剑芳个人所有。现洪剑芳诉请确认涉案房产为其所有并办理过户手续之主张，无事实和法律依据，不予支持。依照《中华人民共和国婚姻法》第十七条，《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第六十四条第一款、第一百三十二条规定，判决：一、驳回原告洪剑芳要求确认位于西安市灞桥区长乐东路沁水新城15栋6层30601号房屋所有权归其所有的诉讼请求；二、驳回原告洪剑芳要求被告洪国梁立即为其办理该房屋过户手续的诉讼请求。本诉案件受理费11800元，由原告洪剑芳自行负担11800元。                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            本院二审期间，当事人围绕上诉请求依法提交了证据。本院组织当事人进行了证据交换和质证。对当事人二审争议的事实，本院认定如下：一审判决认定事实属实，本院予以确认。本院认为，《中华人民共和国物权法》第三十三条规定：“因物权的归属、内容发生争议的，利害关系人可以请求确认权利。”洪剑芳以其出资购买涉案房屋并借用其子女名义进行所有权登记为由要求确认该房屋归其所有。《中华人民共和国合同法》第一百八十六条规定：“赠与人在赠与财产的权利转移之前可以撤销赠与。具有救灾、扶贫等社会公益、道德义务性质的赠与合同或者经过公证的赠与合同，不适用前款规定。”洪剑芳与吕玲玲在婚姻关系存续期间用夫妻共同财产购买涉案房屋后，将涉案房屋登记在其女洪某某名下。2013年4月15日，洪某某与洪国梁签订《房产赠与合同》，约定洪某某自愿将涉案房屋无偿赠与洪国梁所有。该《房产赠与合同》经陕西省西安市汉唐公证处公证。2013年6月6日，涉案房屋转移登记于洪国梁名下。洪剑芳主张以上赠与及过户均系在其安排下进行。可见，洪某某将涉案房屋公证赠与并过户给洪国梁，洪剑芳是知情的，其不仅未提异议，还主动进行安排。事实上，在后的洪剑芳与吕玲玲的离婚协议亦未将涉案房屋纳入财产分割范围。吕玲玲作为当初购房出资一方表示，其与洪剑芳婚姻关系存续期间已共同将涉案房屋赠与洪国梁。因此，洪国梁对涉案房屋享有合法所有权，洪剑芳要求确认该房屋归其所有并要求洪国梁为其办理过户，理由不能成立，应不予支持。综上所述，洪剑芳的上诉请求不能成立，应予驳回；一审判决认定事实清楚，适用法律正确，应予维持。依照《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第一百七十条第一款第一项规定，判决如下：驳回上诉，维持原判。二审案件受理费11800元，由洪剑芳负担。本判决为终审判决。 审判长   马莉莉审判员   马延环审判员   秦燕燕二〇二〇年七月二十四日 书记员     张佩 1