陕西省西安市中级人民法院 民  事  判 决 书   （2021）陕01民终6028号 上诉人（原审被告）：宋兰珍。上诉人（原审被告）：石建好。被上诉人（原审原告）：纸小明。委托诉讼代理人：张文政，陕西省老法律工作者协会法律服务工作者。上诉人宋兰珍、石建好因与纸小明民间借贷纠纷一案，不服西安市莲湖区人民法院（2020)陕0104民初8139号民事判决，向本院提起上诉。本院于2021年2月22日立案后，依照《全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于授权最高人民法院在部分地区开展民事诉讼程序繁简分流改革试点工作的决定》之规定，本案适用普通程序，由审判员季立耘独任审理。本案现已审理终结。宋兰珍上诉请求：1.撤销一审判决，发回重审或依法改判；2.一、二审诉讼费由纸小明承担。事实和理由：1.一审法院认定事实错误。其多次通过他人向纸小明微信转账，其已经履行还款义务，双方借贷关系消灭，其不应承担还款责任；2.一审法院认定借款金额与事实不符，纸小明仅支付了36000元；3.关于还款，因自身原因，由其转款1000元，邵伟萍转了24000元，还有现金28200元，石建好转了17000元，梁鹏转款12000元，共计是90200元，债务都已经还清。石建好上诉请求：1.撤销一审判决，发回重审或依法改判；2.一、二审诉讼费由纸小明承担。事实和理由：1.一审法院认定事实错误。宋兰珍多次通过他人向纸小明微信转账，已经履行还款义务，双方借贷关系消灭，其不应承担连带责任；2.一审法院认定金额与事实不符，《借条》未约定利息，且纸小明在出借款项时扣除了所谓的4000元利息，仅支付了36000元；3.宋兰珍实际已履行了还款义务，一审判决忽略委托付款的事实，显属事实认定错误；4.纸小明非法扣留其凯迪拉克汽车至今未还。 纸小明针对宋兰珍、石建好的上诉共同辩称，1.一审中宋兰珍、石建好二人已经承认向其借款事实，有《借条》佐证，说明借款情况属实；2.宋兰珍、石建好所称委托案外人转款没有事实依据，也没有取得其同意，该主张于法有悖；3.宋兰珍、石建好所述的证人均与其本人有债务关系，不应作为本案证人。故，应驳回宋兰珍、石建好的上诉，维持原判。纸小明向一审法院起诉请求：1.判令宋兰珍、石建好偿还借款40000元整；2.诉讼费由宋兰珍、石建好承担。                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             一审法院认定事实：纸小明提供宋兰珍2018年6月28日出具的《借条》1张，上写，“今借纸小明人民币40000元。还款时间：2018年7月28日。保单在纸小明手里”，石建好在《借条》下方担保见证人后面签字。宋兰珍、石建好对于借款和担保的事实无争议。宋兰珍、石建好主张还款的事实，提供以下证据：1、2018年8月28日分两笔转账至微信名“人生如梦”4000元；2、2018年9月25日，分两笔转账至微信名“人生如梦”4000元；上述两笔转账说明上写明：纸小明利息。3、2018年11月26日，转账至微信名“人生如梦”2000元；上述3笔转账无转账至纸小明账户的证据。4、邵伟萍2018年10月28日出具收条1张，上写：今收到宋兰珍人民币4000元，用于宋兰珍支付纸小明还款，由邵伟萍代还，特此说明。见证人石建好。5、邵伟萍2018年11月26日出具收条1张，上写：今收到宋兰珍人民币2000元，用于宋兰珍支付纸小明还款，由邵伟萍代还，特此说明。见证人石建好。邵伟萍微信转账2000元至微信小明纸微信；6、邵伟萍2018年12月25日出具收条1张，上写：今收到宋兰珍人民币4000元，用于宋兰珍支付纸小明还款，由邵伟萍代还，特此说明。见证人石建好，当日邵伟萍微信转账4000元至微信小明纸。宋兰珍称双方约定利息为每月10%共计4000元，纸小明给其借款时扣除4000元，实际给付36000元。自2018年8月至12月期间，通过梁鹏（微信名“人生如梦”），以及邵伟萍代为偿还了24000元的利息。纸小明质证意见为：宋兰珍给梁鹏转账不知道，也不认识梁鹏。邵伟萍与其之间还有借贷关系，邵伟萍给其转款是还她自己的借款，与宋兰珍没有关系。宋兰珍提供2019年的支付凭证，其中宋兰珍转账给邵伟萍共计7笔，金额为28200元，邵伟萍微信转账至纸小明，邵伟萍均出具收条说明，代宋兰珍还纸小明欠款。宋兰珍转账石建好共计17000元。2019年4月30日宋兰珍微信转账至纸小明1000元。宋兰珍提供2020年的支付凭证，为宋兰珍微信转账给石建好和邵伟萍，邵伟萍、石建好转账给纸小明的微信转账记录，共计16000元。纸小明对于宋兰珍偿还的1000元无异议，意见称是偿还的利息。纸小明对上述邵伟萍和石建好与纸小明之间的转账，意见是邵伟萍和石建好均与其存在借贷关系，他们是偿还自己的借款，不是替宋兰珍还的借款。石建好庭审确认与纸小明之间存在5万元借贷关系，已经偿还完毕。一审法院认为，《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国民事诉讼法〉的解释》第九十条规定，当事人对自己提出的诉讼请求所依据的事实或者反驳对方诉讼请求所依据的事实，应当提供证据加以证明，但法律另有规定的除外。在作出判决前，当事人未能提供证据或者证据不足以证明其事实主张的，由负有举证证明责任的当事人承担不利的后果。宋兰珍与石建好对于向纸小明借款40000元的事实无异议。宋兰珍主张2018年至2020年期间，通过梁鹏、邵伟萍、石建好以及自己共计偿还纸小明90200元，宋兰珍提供的转账凭证，除2019年4月30日宋兰珍微信转账至纸小明1000元，其他转账均为宋兰珍转给邵伟萍、石建好以及微信号“人生如梦”。上述证据证明了宋兰珍转账邵伟萍、石建好的事实，宋兰珍与纸小明之间存在微信转账行为，其完全可以通过自己微信直接转账给纸小明偿还借款；虽然邵伟萍、石建好出具说明证明其转给纸小明的资金是替宋兰珍偿还的，由于邵伟萍、石建好与纸小明均存在借贷关系，纸小明对于邵伟萍、石建好转账款项是偿还自己的借款，故无法确认邵伟萍、石建好向纸小明转账是替宋兰珍偿还借款，邵伟萍、石建好与纸小明之间的资金往来可另行与纸小明进行结算，主张权利。宋兰珍主张梁鹏代为偿还的10000元，纸小明不予以认可，且无相关证据证明，法院不予以采信。纸小明庭审中主张双方未约定利息，视为不支付利息，其又称宋兰珍偿还了1000元是归还利息，法院不予以采信，视为偿还本金，剩余借款39000元宋兰珍应当予以偿还。石建好在《借条》上提供担保，对宋兰珍未偿还的借款应当承担担保责任。综上，一审法院依据《中华人民共和国合同法》第二百一十一条第二款，《最高人民法院关于审理民间借贷案件适用法律若干问题的规定》第二十五条，《中华人民共和国担保法》第十九条，《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第六十四条规定，作出判决：一、判决生效后十日内，宋兰珍偿还纸小明借款39000元；二、石建好对上述宋兰珍未能清偿的债务承担连带清偿责任；三、驳回纸小明其余诉讼请求。如果未按判决指定的期限履行给付金钱义务，应当依照《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第二百五十三条规定，加倍支付迟延履行期间的债务利息。（加倍支付的迟延履行期间的债务利息，包括迟延履行期间的一般债务利息和加倍部分债务利息，一般债务利息根据本判决确定的方法计算；加倍部分债务利息＝债务人尚未清偿的生效法律文书确定的除一般债务利息之外的金钱债务本金×日万分之一点七五×迟延履行期间）。案件受理费800元，减半收取400元，由宋兰珍、石建好负担。纸小明已经预交，执行时由宋兰珍、石建好直接支付纸小明。二审中，当事人没有提交新证据。本院二审查明的事实与一审法院查明的事实相同。本院认为，民事主体的财产权利受法律保护。二审中，当事人争议的焦点问题为：案涉借款本金及已还款数额应如何认定？该债务是否已经清偿完毕？本案中，宋兰珍称其本人以及通过包括石建好与案外人梁鹏、邵伟萍向纸小明还款、已经清偿完毕全部款项。纸小明称石建好以及案外人梁鹏、邵伟萍与其之间款项往来系其他借贷关系。因债权人纸小明仍持有《借条》债权凭证，且宋兰珍提交的微信转款记录除直接给付纸小明的1000元以外，其余均非由宋兰珍本人直接所转，宋兰珍二审中亦确认收条均系邵伟萍事后出具，宋兰珍作为还款人理应就其所称的款项与本案的关联性进一步举证加以证实。然宋兰珍就其委托石建好以及案外人梁鹏、邵伟萍转款的用途及委托手续、纸小明已收到其所返还借款、双方债权债务关系已消灭等事实未提交充分有效证据加以证实，对此应承担相应的不利后果。宋兰珍作为理性的成年人，在经济交往活动中，在债权人持有债权凭证，又非本人直接转款清偿债务的情形下，在固定及保留债务消灭相关证据上理应具有更高的注意义务。宋兰珍关于其已经清偿案涉借款的上诉主张，理据不足，本院依法不予采纳。一审法院就案涉借款本金及已还款数额的认定，并无不当。石建好在一审中对借款、担保事实均无异议，二审中上诉称借款本金不实、债务已经清偿完毕、其不应承担连带清偿责任，但并无充分有效证据予以反驳，石建好之上诉理由，本院依法不予采信。至于石建好关于扣押车辆所涉纷争，与本案不属同一法律关系，本案不予涉及。一审法院依据当事人陈述、在案材料，结合对全案证据的审核认定，就本案所作认定与处理，并无不当。综上所述，宋兰珍、石建好的上诉请求均不能成立，应予驳回；一审判决认定事实清楚，适用法律正确，应予维持。依照《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第一百七十条第一款第一项规定，判决如下：驳回上诉，维持原判。二审案件受理费，宋兰珍、石建好各预交800元，由上诉人宋兰珍、石建好各自负担。本判决为终审判决。  审   判   员    季 立 耘                        二○二一年四月二十六日 书   记   员   张    典  附件：《民事诉讼程序繁简分流改革试点实施办法》第十八条  第二审人民法院审理上诉案件应当组成合议庭审理。但事实清楚、法律适用明确的下列案件，可以由法官一人独任审理：（一）第一审适用简易程序审理结案的；（二）不服民事裁定的。第二十七条 本办法仅适用于北京、上海市辖区内中级人民法院、基层人民法院，南京、苏州、杭州、宁波、合肥、福州、厦门、济南、郑州、洛阳、武汉、广州、深圳、成都、贵阳、昆明、西安、银川市中级人民法院及其辖区内基层人民法院，北京、上海、广州知识产权法院，上海金融法院，北京、杭州、广州互联网法院。本办法所称的人民法院，是指纳入试点的人民法院；所称的第二审人民法院，包括纳入试点的中级人民法院、知识产权法院和金融法院；所称的中级人民法院、基层人民法院包括试点地区内的铁路运输中级法院和基层法院。     1