西安市未央区人民法院民 事 判 决 书（2020）陕0112民初8086号 原告杨大虎，男，1984年4月4日出生，汉族，住陕西省永寿县，公民身份号码XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX。委托代理人张令，陕西双照律师事务所律师。委托代理人冯晨，陕西双照律师事务所实习律师。被告陕西朝源景观园林绿化工程有限公司。住所地：陕西省咸阳市渭城区。统一社会信用代码91610000684799035Q。法定代表人孙爱国，执行董事兼总经理。委托代理人赵新平，陕西咸益律师事务所律师。委托代理人汤小娟，陕西万兴律师事务所律师。被告陈习平，男，1962年10月14日出生，汉族，住陕西省咸阳市渭城区，公民身份号码XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX。原告杨大虎与被告陕西朝源景观园林绿化工程有限公司（以下简称朝源公司）、陈习平建设工程分包合同纠纷一案，本院受理后，依法组成合议庭，公开开庭进行了审理。原告杨大虎与委托代理人张令，被告朝源公司委托代理人赵新平，被告陈习平均到庭参加诉讼。本案现已审理终结。原告诉称，2014年6月20日，被告朝源公司与其签订《钢制结构施工合同》，将承建的缙福园项目地下车库采光井玻璃天蓬等工程分包给其施工。合同签订后，其依约进场施工。2015年2月6日经双方结算，其完成的工程造价为565550元，被告仅支付14.9万元，余款未付。诉请：被告支付工程款416650元；诉讼费由被告承担。    被告朝源公司辩称，许某某借用其资质承建了涉案项目的绿化景观工程，并与原告签订了《钢制结构施工合同》，工程款由许某某结算，已付和未付金额其均不知情。经其向许某某核实，许某某称已经向原告付清了工程款。此外，原告无资质，与许某某签订的合同无效。综上，许某某借用其资质承包工程，其未具体负责缙福园项目，对原告是否分包一无所知。工程系许某某具体负责，应追加许某某为被告参加诉讼。被告陈习平辩称，其系被告朝源公司在涉案项目上的工地负责人，与被告朝源公司的会计朱某某均在结算单上签字，但工程款应由被告朝源公司支付给原告。经审理查明，2014年6月20日，原告（乙方）与被告朝源公司（甲方）签订《钢制结构施工合同》，约定甲方将承建项目中的采光井玻璃天蓬、人防入口耐力板天蓬、通风井耐力板天蓬工程分包给乙方施工；采光井单价235元/㎡，通风井68元/㎡,人防入口260元/㎡，型钢围墙168元/m；焊接从业人员应接受过专门的焊接技术培训，并具有规定的相关上岗资质证书；甲方按月完成工作量进行结算人工费，质量验收达到合格，次月15日前付款。被告朝源公司加盖了“陕西朝源景观园林绿化工程有限公司缙福园项目经理部” 印章，许某某签名。原告于2014年5月进场施工，2014年年底完成了施工任务，现已投入使用。2015年2月6日，被告朝源公司的会计朱某某及被告陈习平在“杨大虎包工项目人工费结算单”上签字，确认原告完成工程造价565550元，已付14.9万元，欠款416550元。被告陈习平系涉案项目的工地负责人。庭审中，原告自认其没有钢结构的施工、焊接资质。称其于2017年将被告诉至法院，要求被告支付欠款，因被告承诺于2018年年底付清工程款而撤诉。但被告仅于结算后分两次支付了4万元。其与被告朝源公司建立的合同关系，对于许某某与被告朝源公司之间的关系其不知情，不同意追加许某某为被告。因陈习平可以证明其所述事实，故列为被告，但不要求承担责任。遂明确诉讼请求为：被告朝源公司支付其工程款376550元。上述事实，有《钢制结构施工合同》，“杨大虎包工项目人工费结算单”及各方当事人陈述在卷佐证。本院认为，原告与被告朝源公司签订的《钢制结构施工合同》明确约定“焊接从业人员应接受过专门的焊接技术培训，并具有规定的相关上岗资质证书”。但原告自认其没有资质证书，故《钢制结构施工合同》无效。最高人民法院《关于审理建设工程施工合同纠纷案件适用法律问题的解释》第二条规定：“建设工程施工合同无效，但建设工程经竣工验收合格，承办人请求参照合同约定支付工程价款的，应予支持”。现原告施工的工程已经交付并投入使用，原告要求被告朝源公司参照合同约定支付剩余工程款376550元，应予支持。被告朝源公司称许某某借用其资质承包的涉案工程，故被告朝源公司与许某某之间系挂靠关系。原告有权选择只主张挂靠人或被挂靠人一方承担责任，也可以选择由挂靠人和被挂靠人共同承担责任。现原告坚持只要求被挂靠人朝源公司承担责任，本院依法予以准许。被告朝源公司系付款方，自认已经向原告付清了工程款，但未举证证明。而已付款的举证责任在付款方，应承担举证不能的法律后果，其该项自认本院不予采信。依照《中华人民共和国合同法》第一百零九条，最高人民法院《关于审理建设工程施工合同纠纷案件适用法律问题的解释》第二条，最高人民法院《关于适用的解释》第九十条之规定，判决如下： 被告陕西朝源景观园林绿化工程有限公司自本判决生效之日起十日内支付原告杨大虎工程款376550元。如果未按本判决所指定的期间履行给付金钱义务，应当依照《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第二百五十三条之规定，加倍支付迟延履行期间的债务利息。案件受理费7550元（原告已预交），由被告陕西朝源景观园林绿化工程有限公司承担7200元，与上述付款时间一并给付原告。原告自行负担350元。                                                                        如不服本判决，可在判决书送达之日起十五日内，向本院递交上诉状，并按对方当事人的人数提出副本，上诉于陕西省西安市中级人民法院。  审  判  长      王  琦       人民陪审员      曹  鸣人民陪审员      王中琴   二○二〇年六月二十二日 书  记  员      叶  娟                                                                                                             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