西安市阎良区人民法院  西安市阎良区人民法院民事判决书 （2020）陕0114民初286号    原告：中国建设银行股份有限公司西安阎良区支行。住所地：西安市阎良区负责人：王全胜，系该支行行长。委托诉讼代理人：蔡新鹏，陕西联强律师事务所律师。委托诉讼代理人：邢少帅，陕西联强律师事务所律师。被告：刘新年，男，1976年1月3日出生，汉族，西安市阎良区村民，住该组。被告：陕西世纪锦业地产有限公司，住所地：西安市。法定代表人：戴智敏，系该公司总经理。委托诉讼代理人：余建玉，男，1971年4月13日出生，汉族，系该公司项目经理，住西安市阎良区。原告中国建设银行股份有限公司西安阎良区支行（以下简称建设银行阎良支行）与被告刘新年、被告陕西世纪锦业地产有限公司（以下简称锦业公司）借款合同纠纷一案，本院于2020年1月15日立案后，依法适用简易程序，公开开庭进行了审理。原告建设银行阎良支行的委托诉讼代理人蔡新鹏、被告刘新年、被告锦业公司的委托诉讼代理人余建玉到庭参加了诉讼。本案现已审理终结。原告建设银行阎良支行向本院提出诉讼请求: 1、宣布贷款全部到期，判令被告刘新年立即偿还借款本金270874.18元、利息6274.78元、罚息35.5元、复息94.19元，共计277278.65元（截止2019年8月10日）及至实际清偿完借款本息之日所产生的利息、罚息、复利； 2、判令被告刘新年以其名下位于阎良区XX大道XX号XX幢XX单元XX层XX号房产承担抵押担保责任，原告对该抵押房产享有优先受偿权；3、判令锦业公司对被告刘新年的上述债务承担连带保证责任；4、本案的保全费、公告费、诉讼费及相关费用由被告承担。事实和理由： 2016年8月10日，原告建设银行阎良支行与被告刘新年签订《个人住房（商业用房）借款合同》（以下简称借款合同），约定：被告刘新年向原告借款290000元，借款期限为288个月，借款实行浮动贷款利率，按月等额本息还款，被告如未按约还款，原告有权依约收取罚息。借款用于购买阎良区XX大道XX号XX幢XX单元XX层XX号房产，随后各方在房屋管理部门办理了抵押登记。合同约定被告锦业公司提供阶段性连带保证责任。合同签订后原告依约发放贷款，被告未按约定履行义务。截止2019年8月10日，被告连续逾期6期未还款，构成严重违约，故原告诉至法院。被告刘新年辩称，由法院依法处理。被告锦业公司辩称，其公司愿意还钱，但是被告刘新年要把涉案房屋退回给其公司。                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                本院经审理认定事实如下：2016年8月10日，被告刘新年与原告建设银行阎良支行签订《个人住房（商业用房）借款合同》，约定借款本金为290000元, 用于被告刘新年购买阎良区XX大道XX号XX幢XX单元XX层XX号房屋；借款期限为288个月，即自2016年8月10日至2040年8月10日；借款利率执行浮动利率，即为基准利率水平上下调5%，该利率自起息日起至贷款本息全部清偿之日止依据利率调整日当日的基准利率及上述上浮/下调幅度，在本合同约定每个利率调整日调整一次；还款方式为委托扣款方式，借款人最迟应在每期约定还款日前一日柜面营业终了前将当期应还款项足额存入指定委托款账户内，否则贷款人有权自约定还款日开始计收逾期罚息和复利；还款方法为采用等额本息还款法，在合同签订时的贷款利率水平下，每一个月归还本息金额为人民币1673.8元；逾期罚息利率为本合同执行贷款利率的水平上上浮50%；对于本金逾期超过90天仍未收回的借款，或者利息逾期超过90天仍未收回的借款，或者法律、法规或规章另有规定的借款，按照先还本后付息的原则偿还；借款人不能按本合同约定按时足额偿还借款本息或其他应付款项，贷款人有权行使解除与借款人的借贷关系等权利。双方在该借款合同中约定以被告刘新年位于阎良区XX大道XX号XX幢XX单元XX层XX号房屋作抵押担保。同日，被告锦业公司在上述《个人住房（商业用房）借款合同》上签字盖章，为被告刘新年的上述借款合同提供连带责任保证。保证范围为借款合同项下借款本金、利息（包括复利和罚息）、违约金、赔偿金、其他款项和债权人实现债权与担保权利的费用。保证期间为本合同保证条款生效之日起至抵押登记已办妥且抵押财产的他项权利证书、抵押登记证明文件正本及其他权利证书交由贷款人核对无误、收执之日止。借款合同中的保证条款的效力独立于合同其他条款，合同其他条款不生效、无效或部分无效、被撤销、被解除并不影响保证条款的效力。2016年8月10日，被告建设银行阎良支行依约发放了290000元的借款。2016年8月16日，涉案房屋办理了预购商品房贷款抵押登记备案，但未办理房地产抵押登记，亦未取得抵押财产的《他项权利证书》。另查明，被告刘新年未按借款合同约定履行还款义务，截止2019年8月10日被告刘新年未偿还原告借款本金270874.18元、利息6274.78元、罚息35.5元、复息94.19元，以上共计277278.65元。再查明，在借款合同中借款人处署名签字的刘建强实际为申请贷款时的紧急联系人，且原、被告均认为刘建强未与其双方发生任何法律层面的权利义务关系。本院认为，原告建设银行阎良支行与被告刘新年签订的借款合同系当事人真实意思表示,不违反法律法规规定,应属有效合同,双方均应按约履行各自的义务。原告建设银行阎良支行依约履行了发放贷款义务, 被告刘新年未按约履行还款义务,己构成违约，故原告建设银行阎良支行有权宣布贷款全部到期，并要求被告刘新年偿还剩余借款本金、利息、罚息、复利及自2019年8月11日至实际清偿完借款本息之日所产生的利息、罚息、复利。被告锦业公司为被告刘新年的上述借款提供阶段性连带责任保证，现被告刘新年未依约还款，原告建设银行阎良支行在保证期间内要求被告锦业公司对上述借款本金、利息、罚息、复息承担连带清偿责任，本院予以支持。被告锦业公司在承担连带保证责任后,可向被告刘新年追偿。关于原告建设银行阎良支行主张对本案抵押房产折价、拍卖或变卖所得价款有优先受偿权的请求。抵押登记备案与抵押登记具有不同的法律性质和法律效力,抵押备案登记并非设立抵押权的抵押登记。因本案涉案房产仅办理了预购商品房贷款抵押登记备案,抵押权并未设立，故对建设银行阎良支行要求就本案抵押房产行使优先受偿权的诉讼请求,依法不予支持。关于建设银行阎良支行主张被告承担律师费等诉讼请求，因其未能提供证据证明其主张，本院不予支持。原告主张刘建强作为刘新年的紧急联络人签字，并非本案借款人。本院认为，双方签订的《个人住房（商业用房）借款合同》借款人信息处无刘建强的信息，且根据原告办理贷款的要求，借款人除了签字，还要加盖个人印章。被告刘新年在指定的位置签名并盖章，刘建强仅做了签名，且被告刘新年对原告的该主张亦认可。因此，原告主张刘建强系紧急联络人，而非借款人，本院予以采信。关于被告锦业公司主张其偿还本案借款后，要求被告刘新年退还涉案房屋。本院认为，退还涉案房屋与本案并非同一法律关系，其可另案处理。对于该抗辩，本院不予采信。综上所述，依照《中华人民共和国合同法》第八条、第六十条、第九十三条、第一百零七条，《中华人民共和国担保法》第十八条、第二十一条、第二十六条、第三十一条，《中华人民共和国物权法》第二十条，《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第六十四条，判决如下：                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              一、被告刘新年于本判决生效后10日内返还原告中国建设银行股份有限公司西安阎良区支行借款本金270874.18元，利息6274.78元、罚息35.5元、复利94.19元，共计277278.65元，并按照2016年8月10日签订的《个人住房（商业用房）借款合同》的约定支付自2019年8月11日起至实际清偿之日止的利息、罚息及复利；二、被告陕西世纪锦业地产有限公司对被告刘新年的上述给付义务承担连带清偿责任。被告陕西世纪锦业地产有限公司在承担连带清偿责任后,有权向被告刘新年追偿；三、驳回原告中国建设银行股份有限公司西安阎良区支行的其他诉讼请求。如果未按本判决指定的期间履行给付金钱义务的，应当依照《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第二百五十三条规定，加倍支付迟延履行期间的债务利息。案件受理费5460元，减半收取2730元，由被告刘新年、被告陕西世纪锦业地产有限公司负担。因该费用原告中国建设银行股份有限公司西安阎良区支行已预交，被告刘新年、被告陕西世纪锦业地产有限公司于本判决生效后十日内一并给付原告2730元。如不服本判决，可在判决书送达之日起十五日内，向本院递交上诉状，并按对方当事人的人数提出副本，上诉于陕西省西安市中级人民法院。  审 判 员     曹正龙  二〇二〇年六月十九日 法官助理     梁 勍书 记 员     赵 倩 1