陕西省柞水县人民法院民事判决书                      (2020)陕1026民初314号  原告：方德华，男，陕西省柞水县人。委托诉讼代理人：姚贵兴，陕西法正平安（商洛）律师事务所律师。被告：尹登华，男，陕西省柞水县人。被告：尹登雷，男，陕西省柞水县人。原告方德华与被告尹登华、尹登雷农村建房施工合同纠纷一案，本院于2020年4月13日立案后，依法适用简易程序，公开开庭进行了审理。原告方德华及其委托诉讼代理人姚贵兴，被告尹登华、尹登雷到庭参加诉讼。本案现已审理终结。原告方德华向本院提出诉讼请求：1.依法判决被告尹登华向原告支付工程款共计267981元，被告尹登雷向原告支付工程款共计467558元；2.依法判决本案诉讼费由被告承担。事实和理由：2013年原告与二被告经人介绍相识，双方口头达成建房施工合同，约定房屋建设包工包料，付款方式为房屋建设完工一层支付一层的工程款，工程开始后二被告每人支付10万元工程款，后期由于二被告自称没钱，一直拖欠工程款未付，工程施工断断续续。2017年主体工程全部完工，内外粉刷、楼顶雨檐、楼梯踏步贴石材全部完工。原告多次要求二被告结算付款，直到2019年10月12日，被告对工程予以结算，工程款总计为1632039元，其中被告尹登华应支付工程款为634481元，扣除已支付费用、不合格部分、未完成部分，被告尹登华向原告出示下欠工程款267981元的欠条，被告尹登雷应支付工程款为997558元，扣除已支付的530000元，被告尹登雷下欠原告工程款467558元。经原告多次索要，二被告至今不予支付剩余工程款。为维护合法权益，原告依法向人民法院提起诉讼。被告尹登华辩称，原告陈述与事实不符，房屋是2014年开始建的，当时约定工程完工后，付清总价的80%，另外8%工程款分三年付清，12%的工程保证金分三年付清。现在三楼四楼承重墙将近120处断裂，主体也有问题，经与原告沟通，原告不同意修复，也未采取任何补救措施，欠原告工程款属实，只要原告将三楼四楼修复好，愿意支付剩余工程款。被告尹登雷辩称，原告陈述与事实不符，二被告工程量基本相同，所需付的工程款却相差甚远，目前工程质量也存在许多问题，楼顶防水、楼梯踏步都未做好，顶层橡胶板断裂，三楼大梁开裂，一楼约定用混凝土浇筑原告却用建筑垃圾填充，以上问题经与原告多次沟通，原告拒不补救，现要求原告将十一楼拆除重建，未完成的工程继续完成，修复好三楼大梁，在将所有工程完成好后重新计算确定实际还需向原告支付的剩余工程款。当事人围绕诉讼请求依法提交了证据，本院组织当事人进行了证据交换和质证。对当事人无异议的证据，本院予以确认并在卷佐证。对有争议的证据和事实，本院认定如下：1. 原告与被告尹登华提供的尹登华、尹登雷宅基地建房工程计算协议，被告尹登雷辩解称其是在醉酒状态下所签，不是其真实意思表示，但其对自己的这一辩解意见未提供证据予以证实，在法庭限定的期间内也未补交证据，同时被告尹登雷当庭表示其与原告方德华签订的宅基地建房工程计算协议上的签名、手印是自己的，未受到胁迫。本院认为，醉酒不能成为行为人免除民事责任或否定真实意                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              思表示的理由，并且也无证据对该事实予以证实，因此对该组证据本院予以采信；2.原告与被告尹登华提供的扣款协议，被告尹登雷称与其无关，被告尹登华当庭表示此协议系其一人工程扣款，且该协议中也并无尹登雷签字，原告也未提供其他证据证明该协议为尹登雷意思表示，对该组证据本院认定为原告与被告尹登华二人之间的扣款协议；3.二被告提交的建房合同，该合同虽为无效合同，但来源合法、内容真实与本案有关联性，本组证据本院予以确认。根据当事人的陈述和经审查确认的证据，本院认定事实如下：2014年原告方德华与二被告尹登华、尹登雷口头达成建房施工合同，约定合同内容参照原告方德华与案外人徐源之间签订的建房合同，案外人徐源的建筑合同中约定支付工程款的方式为：工程竣工验收后付清乙方工程总造价的90%，工程质保金10%交工后一年结清。2016年在工程主体基本完成后，原告方德华与被告尹登华补签建房合同一份。2019年10月12日原告与二被告签订宅基地建房工程计算协议，核算工程实际总价款为1632039元，因其中上下水、外墙涂料等部分工程是由被告尹登华完成，被告尹登华应承担的工程价款为634481元，被告尹登雷应承担的工程价款为997558元。后被告尹登华在扣除已支付工程款、扣款协议约定扣除金额后向原告出示欠条一张，内容为：“今欠到方德华建房工程款，已扣除工程借支款，扣款协议款，还余贰拾陆万柒仟玖佰捌拾壹元整（267981.00元整），欠款人：尹登华，日期：2019年10月12日”。被告尹登雷扣除已向原告支付的工程款530000元，下欠原告工程款467558元。另查明，原被告双方虽未进行竣工验收，但被告尹登华已于2018年8月入住，并将其中2套房屋出售，被告尹登雷于2019年11月入住，并将其中4套房屋出售。双方争议最大的被告尹登雷的第十一层房屋至今没有装修入住，从二被告提供的涉案建筑照片来看，地面、墙体确有裂痕，原告也承认照片上的建筑是其施工的涉案建筑，表示涉案建筑没有设计图纸，其建议只能盖八层，二被告要求盖十一层。本院认为，在原告方德华与二被告口头签订的建房合同以及原告方德华与被告尹登华补签的建房合同中，双方约定二被告将涉案工程发包给原告方德华施工，形成建设工程合同关系。该合同虽然是双方的真实意思表示，但原告并无建筑施工的相关资质，根据有关法律规定该合同为无效合同。虽然合同无效，但原告有权参照合同的约定收取相应工程款，本案中的建筑工程在实际履行中所参照的为案外人徐源合同内容，而非原告与被告尹登华补签的建房合同，因此该案工程款的支付应以施工前双方当事人的意思表示为准计算，即参考案外人徐源建房合同计算。案外人徐源的建筑合同中约定支付工程款的方式为：工程竣工验收后付清乙方工程总造价的90%，工程质保金10%交工后一年结清。该约定系双方当事人真实意思表示，且未违反法律、行政法规规定的效力性强制性规定,应属有效。在本案中，原告与二被告虽未对工程进行竣工验收，但原告已按照合同的约定履行了主要义务，且二被告已对部分房屋实际使用、处分，因此二被告应向原告支付工程款，对原告要求二被告支付工程款的诉讼请求予以支持。原告与二被告签订的建房合同虽然为无效合同，但是合同中关于质量保证期及质量保证金的约定，对双方当事人仍具有法律约束力，作为施工人原告方德华对涉案工程仍应承担维修义务，因涉案工程未进行竣工验收，被告尹登华于2018年8月入住，被告尹登雷于2019年11月入住，按其实际使用时间视为竣工时间，对于工程实际总价款的10%质保金应在工程保修期届满且无质量问题后再向原告支付。至于工程质量是否存在问题，二被告虽然提出工程存在质量问题，也提供了照片，但仅仅通过照片不能判断工程存在质量问题的严重程度，在本案中二被告并未对建设工程进行鉴定也未产生实际修复费用，故二被告辩称因工程存在质量问题原告无权参照合同约定要求支付工程款的理由不成立，本院不予支持，对工程质量问题产生的损失以及后期修复产生的费用二被告可另行主张。被告尹登雷2019年11月入住，按照参照的案外人徐源的合同约定，工程质保金10%交工后一年结清，原告起诉时约定的一年质保期未届满，应按照约定扣除相应质保金。原告与二被告在宅基地建房工程计算协议中经核算，实际工程总价款为1632039元，被告尹登华应承担工程价款634481元，扣除已经支付的价款和扣款协议约定扣除的价款51500元，被告尹登华应向原告支付剩余工程款267981元；被告尹登雷应承担工程价款997558元，扣除已经支付的价款530000元和10%的质保金99755.8元，被告尹登雷应向原告支付剩余工程款367802.2元。综上所述，本院对原告方德华的部分诉讼请求予以支持。依照《中华人民共和国合同法》第五十三条第（五）项、第一百零九条,《最高人民法院关于审理建设工程施工合同纠纷案件适用法律问题的解释》第一条第（一）项、第十四条第（三）项规定,判决如下: 一、被告尹登雷于本判决生效之日起三十日内向原告方德华支付剩余工程款267981元，被告尹登雷于本判决生效之日起三十日内向原告方德华支付剩余工程款367802.2元；二、驳回原告方德华的其他诉讼请求。如果未按本判决指定的期间履行给付金钱义务，应当依照《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第二百五十三条规定，加倍支付迟延履行期间的债务利息。案件受理费11155元，减半收取5577.5元，由原告方德华负担756.5元，由被告尹登华负担2032元、被告尹登雷负担2789元。如不服本判决，可在判决书送达之日起十五日内，向本院递交上诉状，并按对方当事人或代表人的人数提出副本，上诉于陕西省商洛市中级人民法院。                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          审  判  员      祁少志  二〇二〇年六月二十八日                        法官助理   王  丹书  记  员      彭小燕