陕西省西安市中级人民法院 民  事  判 决 书   （2021）陕01民终5110号 上诉人（原审被告）：杨凯。委托诉讼代理人：文鑫，陕西其源律师事务所律师。委托诉讼代理人：陶振杰，陕西其源律师事务所律师。被上诉人（原审原告）：于杨千惠。上诉人杨凯因与被上诉人于杨千惠民间借贷纠纷一案，不服西安市灞桥区人民法院（2020）陕0111民初6419号民事判决，向本院提起上诉。本院于2021年2月2日立案后，依照《全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于授权最高人民法院在部分地区开展民事诉讼程序繁简分流改革试点工作的决定》之规定，本案适用普通程序，由审判员季立耘独任审理。本案现已审理终结。杨凯上诉请求：1.撤销一审判决，驳回于杨千惠的诉讼请求;2.发回重审或依法改判；3.一、二审诉讼费用由于杨千惠承担。事实和理由：1.原审法院认定事实不清，其向于杨千惠的借款应以于杨千惠实际出借的金额为本金。双方那之间互有资金往来，前期60000元款项已经清偿完毕；截至2019年12月4日，于杨千惠向其转款合计359900元，其向于杨千惠的借款本金应认定为359900元，且不支付利息；2.其已向于杨千惠清偿借款320000元。 除一审法院认定的260000元以外，其摩托车出售所得60000元由于杨千惠收取。于杨千惠辩称，1.其一审提交的证据足以证明双方之间的民间借贷关系及金额，一审法院也依法予以认定；2.其主张的利息系杨凯逾期还款的利息，亦符合法律规定，合法有效，应予支持；3.杨凯总欠款为400000元，仅偿还了260000元，剩余140000元借款未归还；4.杨凯称已归还320000元没有证据证明，不属实。故，一审判决认定事实清楚，应予维持；杨凯的上诉请求不能成立，应予驳回。于杨千惠向一审法院起诉请求：1.依法判令杨凯立即偿还其借款20万元，并支付延期付款利息；2.判令杨凯履行借条中所指车辆的所有权转移登记；3.判令诉讼费由杨凯承担。                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              一审法院认定事实：于杨千惠杨凯系朋友关系，因杨凯经营需要，向于杨千惠陆续借款，2019年12月4日经双方核算，杨凯向于杨千惠出具《借条》1份，写明“本人杨凯，将本人名下所有的奔驰smart车辆一台自愿偿还所有贷款并解押后过户给于杨千惠，并偿还用于西安奥凯星华商贸有限公司杨凯所欠于杨千惠的欠款人民币400000元整，自后两方再无纠纷，偿还日期2019年12月13日”。之后，杨凯还款26万元，剩余14万元未能偿还。该《借条》所提及奔驰smart车辆一台现由于杨千惠控制，车辆贷款尚未还完。一审法院认为，杨凯给于杨千惠出具《借条》，明确双方债权债务关系，并确认借款金额为40万元，同时于杨千惠提交往来转款凭证，证明双方借贷关系及金额，因此，于杨千惠提交《借条》法院予以确认，《借条》所载明借款金额为40万元应为借款本金。杨凯、在出具《借条》之后还款26万元，法院予以确认。于杨千惠、杨凯双方未约定借款期间的利息，以及逾期还款的利息，出借人主张逾期还款利息，按照货币市场利率计算，法院予以支持。《借条》所涉及车辆，不属于借贷关系范畴，亦非对借款的担保，对此不予处理。综上，一审法院依照《中华人民共和国民法通则》第九十条、《最高人民法院关于审理民间借贷案件适用法律若干问题的规定》第二十九第二款第(一)项的规定，作出判决：一、杨凯于判决生效之日起十日内偿还于杨千惠借款14万元，并支付自2020年1月1日起至实际清偿完毕之日止的利息(按照2020年10月20日全国银行间同业拆借中心公布贷款市场报价利率一年期3.85%计算)。二、驳回于杨千惠其他诉讼请求。如未按判决指定的期间履行给付金钱义务，应当依照《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第二百五十三条规定，加倍支付迟延履行期间的债务利息。案件诉讼费4300元，于杨千惠已预交2150元，由杨凯承担1505元，于判决生效之日起十日内给付于杨千惠。其余由于杨千惠自行负担。二审中，当事人没有提交新证据。本院二审查明的事实与一审法院查明的事实相同。本院认为，民事主体的财产权利以及其他合法权益受法律保护。二审中，当事人争议的焦点问题为：案涉借款本金、已还款数额应如何认定？一审法院认定的剩余款项以及相应利息是否妥当？本案中，债权人于杨千惠持《借条》债权凭证提起民间借贷之诉，因双方之间互有转款往来，依据《借条》载明的“欠款”、“自后两方再无纠纷”等内容，该《借条》应系双方核算前期账务后形成，系双方对各自权利的处分，对双方当事人具有法律上的约束力。于杨千惠以该《借条》上载明的金额主张返还借款，有事实依据，本院依法予以确认。杨凯不予认可《借条》载明金额、认为应重新认定借款本金，杨凯该上诉理由，本院依法不予采信。杨凯就其关于摩托车出售所得60000元由于杨千惠收取、应抵充债务的上诉主张，未提交证据加以证实，理应承担相应不利后果，杨凯该上诉主张，本院依法不予采纳。于杨千惠主张的利息，性质属于杨凯逾期清偿债务的资金占用期间利息，一审法院参照全国银行间同业拆借中心公布的贷款市场报价利率标准计算，并无不当。债务人杨凯并未依约将车辆转移登记至债权人于杨千惠名下，双方原有债权债务关系未消灭，于杨千惠依法可向杨凯主张偿还欠款，至于车辆返还问题，本案不予涉及。综上所述，杨凯的上诉请求不能成立，应予驳回；一审判决认定事实清楚，适用法律正确，应予维持。依照《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第一百七十条第一款第（一）项规定，判决如下：驳回上诉，维持原判。二审案件受理费2150元，由上诉人杨凯负担。本判决为终审判决。  审   判   员    季 立 耘                        二○二一年三月三十一日 书   记   员   张    典  附件：《民事诉讼程序繁简分流改革试点实施办法》第十八条  第二审人民法院审理上诉案件应当组成合议庭审理。但事实清楚、法律适用明确的下列案件，可以由法官一人独任审理：（一）第一审适用简易程序审理结案的；（二）不服民事裁定的。第二十七条 本办法仅适用于北京、上海市辖区内中级人民法院、基层人民法院，南京、苏州、杭州、宁波、合肥、福州、厦门、济南、郑州、洛阳、武汉、广州、深圳、成都、贵阳、昆明、西安、银川市中级人民法院及其辖区内基层人民法院，北京、上海、广州知识产权法院，上海金融法院，北京、杭州、广州互联网法院。本办法所称的人民法院，是指纳入试点的人民法院；所称的第二审人民法院，包括纳入试点的中级人民法院、知识产权法院和金融法院；所称的中级人民法院、基层人民法院包括试点地区内的铁路运输中级法院和基层法院。     1