陕西省西安市中级人民法院 民  事  判 决 书   （2021）陕01民终3059号 上诉人（原审被告）：西安华海酒店投资股份公司。法定代表人：黄晓华，该公司董事长。委托诉讼代理人：姜宗起，陕西汉典律师事务所律师。委托诉讼代理人：白净铭，陕西汉典律师事务所律师。被上诉人（原审原告）：刘波。委托诉讼代理人：刘安华，陕西陈兵律师事务所律师。委托诉讼代理人：陈兵，陕西陈兵律师事务所律师。原审被告：黄晓华。原审被告：黄小宾。原审被告：程爱爱。共同委托诉讼代理人：姜宗起，陕西汉典律师事务所律师。共同委托诉讼代理人：白净铭，陕西汉典律师事务所律师。上诉人西安华海酒店投资股份公司（以下简称华海公司）因与被上诉人刘波，以及原审被告黄晓华、黄小宾、程爱爱民间借贷纠纷一案，不服西安市灞桥区人民法院（2020)陕0111民初6984号民事判决，向本院提起上诉。本院于2021年1月25日立案后，依照《全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于授权最高人民法院在部分地区开展民事诉讼程序繁简分流改革试点工作的决定》之规定，本案适用普通程序，由审判员季立耘独任审理。本案现已审理终结。华海公司上诉请求：1.撤销一审判决第二项，改判其公司不承担利息；2.针对利息部分的一、二审诉讼费用由刘波承担。 事实和理由：1.一审法院未查清刘波所提供借款10000000元的合法来源。根据《关于规范民间借贷行为 维护经济金融秩序有关事项的通知》中相关规定，出借人的资金须是其合法收入的自有资金，禁止吸收或变相吸收他人资金用于借贷；2.一审法院认定本案借款合同效力所依据的事实不确定，可能导致刘波利息主张错误。一审法院未查清刘波所提供借款的合法来源，根据相关规定，导致借款合同无效，合同无效或被撤销后，因该合同取得的财产，应当予以返还；3.在一审庭审中刘波自己陈述合法收入均无证据支持。 刘波辩称，1.其与华海公司之间的借贷关系依法成立, 华海公司应当承担偿还借款本息的义务;2.其向华海公司提供的借款来源合法,一审法院认定事实正确;3.其本人的收入完全合法, 华海公司按照其固有认知推测与事实不符;综上,其与华海公司之间的借贷关系事实清楚,资金来源合法, 华海公司在借款到期后,违背诚信原则未偿还借款,应当承担偿还借款本息的民事责任,华海公司的上诉请求不能成立，应予驳回；一审判决认定事实清楚，适用法律正确，应予维持。黄晓华、黄小宾、程爱爱述称，均同意华海公司的意见。刘波向一审法院起诉请求：1.依法判令华海公司向刘波偿还本金10000000元；2.依法判令华海公司向刘波支付借款利息3648944元(暂计算至2020年9月9日，应计算至实际给付之日)；3.依法判令黄晓华、黄小宾、程爱爱为华海公司的上述债务承担连带清偿责任；4.诉讼费由华海公司、黄晓华、黄小宾、程爱爱共同承担。                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    一审法院认定事实：2018年5月11日，因经营周转需要，华海公司向刘波借款，双方签订了《借款协议》。协议约定，1、借款金额：10000000元；2、借款期限：自2018年5月11日至2018年6月11日；3、利息：月息4％，到期后一次性还本付息；4、担保：华海公司以其开发的位于西安市浐灞生态区欧亚一路“西安华海酒店商务办公区”项下F4#、F5#办公用房作为抵押担保。5、借款给付：2018年5月11日，刘波支取了其西安银行一年期存款10000000元，后又通过西安银行转账至华海公司账户。6、还款情况：期满未还，并将上述抵押物出售。7、补充协议：2020年3月31日，刘波与华海公司、黄晓华、黄小宾、程爱爱签订《还款协议》，将借款利息调整为月息2％，华海公司承诺于2020年6月30日前清偿借款本息，黄晓华、黄小宾、程爱爱为华海公司的债务提供连带责任保证担保。期满后，华海公司、黄晓华、黄小宾、程爱爱仍未按约偿还。一审法院认为，合法的借贷关系受法律保护。华海公司、黄晓华、黄小宾、程爱爱均认可刘波向华海公司出借10000000元、至2020年9月9日利息为3648944元及黄晓华、黄小宾、程爱爱承担连带保证责任的事实，但提请法庭审查刘波出借款项的来源。根据刘波向法庭提交的西安银行取款业务回单，能够证实刘波向华海公司出借的资金，系支取了自有定期存款，转给华海公司；另从刘波提交的其西安银行账户明细单流水来看， 2015年至2018年期间刘波曾两次购入大额理财产品，仅2018年1月购入的理财产品及收益就有12871103.62元，故刘波陈述出借款项系自有资金，予以采信。综上，华海公司向刘波借款，刘波给付华海公司出借金额，双方之间的借贷关系成立并生效。现借款期限届满，刘波请求华海公司、黄晓华、黄小宾、程爱爱承担还款责任，符合法律规定，予以支持。华海公司、黄晓华、黄小宾、程爱爱对财产保全措施提出的异议，应向实施保全措施的部门提出，不予处理。一审法院依据《中华人民共和国合同法》第一百九十六条、第二百零六条、第二百零七条，《中华人民共和国担保法》第十八条，《最高人民法院关于审理民间借贷案件适用法律若干问题的规定》第二十六条、第二十九条第二款第（二）项，《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国民事诉讼法〉的解释》第九十条规定，作出判决：一、西安华海酒店投资股份公司于判决生效后十五日内偿还刘波借款本金10000000元；二、西安华海酒店投资股份公司于判决生效后十五日内向刘波支付利息3648944元，并以10000000元为基数按照年利率15.4%支付自2020年9月10日计算至实际清偿之日的利息；三、黄晓华、黄小宾、程爱爱对西安华海酒店投资股份公司上述第一项、第二项债务承担连带责任；如果未按判决指定的期间履行给付金钱义务，应当依照《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第二百五十三条之规定，加倍支付迟延履行期间的债务利息。案件受理费51847元，刘波已预交，由西安华海酒店投资股份公司、黄晓华、黄小宾、程爱爱连带承担（与判决主文应付之款一并给付刘波）。二审中，当事人没有提交新证据。本院二审查明的事实与一审法院查明的事实相同。本院认为，依法成立的合同，对当事人具有法律约束力，各方当事人均应全面诚信履行。二审中，当事人争议的焦点问题为：本案民间借贷法律关系是否存在无效情形？案涉《借款协议》、《还款协议》能否证明本案待证事实？一审法院认定的相应利息是否妥当？本案中，刘波以民间借贷纠纷为由提起诉讼，并提供了《借款协议》、《收据》、西安银行结算业务凭证、账户明细单等证据，真实可信，内容清晰明确，相互印证，与《还款协议》内容亦能印证，能够证明本案所涉事实。华海公司称刘波资金来源不合法、《借款协议》无效、其公司不应承担借款利息。刘波在审理中对其从事职业、个人所得、出借款项的具体资金流向等均作出了说明与合理解释，一审法院亦审核了刘波银行账户资金流、投资理财收益等情况。《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国民事诉讼法〉的解释》第一百零八条规定，对负有举证证明责任的当事人提供的证据，人民法院经审查并结合相关事实，确信待证事实的存在具有高度可能性的，应当认定该事实存在。对一方当事人为反驳负有举证证明责任的当事人所主张事实而提供的证据，人民法院经审查并结合相关事实，认为待证事实真伪不明的，应当认定该事实不存在。依据在案材料，未有任何证据显示刘波资金来源不合法，华海公司关于案涉民间借贷法律关系可能存在无效情形的上诉理由，不能成立，本院依法不予采信。华海公司作为商事主体，理应知晓向个人借贷、合法经营的相关法律后果。一审法院就本案所作认定与处理，于法有据，并无不当。刘波在本案中主张的截至2020年9月9日之利息3648944元，系按照年利率15.4%标准自出借时起连续计算，该标准低于双方之间《借款协议》、《还款协议》的约定，华海公司一审中不持异议，该数额已经有利于债务人华海公司，经审核，亦未超过人民法院依照当时法律、司法解释规定应予支持的上限，依法应予以支持。华海公司向刘波借款，延期后仍逾期清偿债务，至今未返本清息，现拒绝支付利息，有违诚信。华海公司关于一审法院就借款利息认定有误的上诉主张，本院依法不予采纳。综上所述，华海公司的上诉请求不能成立，应予驳回；一审判决认定事实清楚，适用法律正确，应予维持。依照《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第一百七十条第一款第（一）项规定，判决如下：驳回上诉，维持原判。二审案件受理费35991元，由上诉人西安华海酒店投资股份公司负担。本判决为终审判决。  审   判   员    季 立 耘                        二○二一年三月二十六日 书   记   员   张    典  附件：《民事诉讼程序繁简分流改革试点实施办法》第十八条  第二审人民法院审理上诉案件应当组成合议庭审理。但事实清楚、法律适用明确的下列案件，可以由法官一人独任审理：（一）第一审适用简易程序审理结案的；（二）不服民事裁定的。第二十七条 本办法仅适用于北京、上海市辖区内中级人民法院、基层人民法院，南京、苏州、杭州、宁波、合肥、福州、厦门、济南、郑州、洛阳、武汉、广州、深圳、成都、贵阳、昆明、西安、银川市中级人民法院及其辖区内基层人民法院，北京、上海、广州知识产权法院，上海金融法院，北京、杭州、广州互联网法院。本办法所称的人民法院，是指纳入试点的人民法院；所称的第二审人民法院，包括纳入试点的中级人民法院、知识产权法院和金融法院；所称的中级人民法院、基层人民法院包括试点地区内的铁路运输中级法院和基层法院。     1