陕西省西安市中级人民法院 民  事  判 决 书   （2021）陕01民终1868号 上诉人（原审原告）：张育安。委托诉讼代理人：侯瑞锋，陕西格润律师事务所律师。委托诉讼代理人：徐哲，陕西格润律师事务所律师。被上诉人（原审被告）：刘志宽。原审被告：西安华信西部基础设施勘察设计建设有限公司，住所地阎良区人民路西段。法定代表人：翟慕政，该公司总经理。上诉人张育安因与被上诉人刘志宽、原审被告西安华信西部基础设施勘察设计建设有限公司（以下简称华信公司）民间借贷纠纷一案，不服西安市阎良区人民法院（2019）陕0114民初1755号民事判决，向本院提起上诉。本院于2021年1月14日立案后，依照《全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于授权最高人民法院在部分地区开展民事诉讼程序繁简分流改革试点工作的决定》之规定，本案适用普通程序，由审判员季立耘独任审理。本案现已审理终结。张育安上诉请求：1.撤销一审判决，依法改判由刘志宽偿还借款本金680512.03元，并支付自2019年4月22日至实际还款之日的利息；2.一、二审诉讼费由刘志宽承担。事实和理由：1.一审法院事实认定错误。生效法律文书认定刘志宽购买了案涉DK4-7-40702号房产，刘志宽向其借款的目的是为了付清剩余购房款，而非替西安常盛置业有限公司销售；2.从《借条》内容、借款用途及华信公司陈述看，均可证实刘志宽与其存在借款合同关系，应承担还本付息的责任；3.一审法院主要证据认定错误。房屋客户情况表不属于有效证据，且未经质证，不能证明案涉DK4-7-40702房产系华信公司所有，更不能证明其按照刘志宽要求支付的借款均用于华信公司；4.一审法院适用法律错误；5.至于原审被告华信公司是刘志宽申请追加的，其坚持一审时诉请。刘志宽辩称，张育安是以其名义交的房款，房款是由张育安代其直接交给绿地置业销售部，其个人没有收到这笔款项，所以其也不用给张育安还款；其是绿地置业的项目经理，负责该项目的施工管理，2014年因为房屋销售出现问题，绿地置业给华信公司抵房30多套，华信公司就委托全部抵在其名下，由其销售这30多套房屋；华信公司给其有授权账户，也给其办了卡，其也有财务，都是其个人运营项目、资金，工程项目材料款支付都有账单。应驳回张育安上诉，维持一审判决。张育安向一审法院起诉请求：1.判令刘志宽偿还借款本金680512.03元并支付自2019年4月25日至实际还款之日的利息（以680512.03元为基数，按照月息2分自2019年4月25日起暂算至2019年6月11日利息为21322.71元）；2.诉讼费由刘志宽承担。                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       一审法院认定事实：陕西鑫龙宏远建设有限公司（2016年9月3日企业名称变更为华信公司）系西安绿地城项目的承包方，绿地集团西安常盛置业有限公司系该项目的发包方，刘志宽系该项目的负责人。2018年5月15日，刘志宽向张育安借款并出具《借条》1份，载明，“借条 今借到张育安代缴绿地城DK4-7-4702房款计：壹佰壹拾陆万肆仟贰佰捌拾元整（￥1164280.-），月息按贰分计取。借款人：刘志宽 2018年5月15日 注：2018年5月31日前还款”。同日，张育安向绿地集团西安常盛置业有限公司转账1164280元用于代缴绿地城项目DK4-7-40702号房屋款。该涉案房屋记载于华信公司（原宏远公司）房屋客户情况表中。后，案外人王勋于2019年4月23日向张育安转账480000元，于2019年4月25日向张育安转账270000元，该750000元用于向张育安还款付息（其中支付2018年5月15日至2019年4月23日的利息266232.03元，偿还本金483767.97元）。庭审中，张育安表示只要求刘志宽承担还款付息的责任，不要求华信公司承担责任。一审法院认为，企业法定代表人或负责人以个人名义与出借人签订民间借贷合同，所借款项用于企业生产经营，出借人请求企业与个人共同承担责任的，人民法院应予支持。案件中，刘志宽系华信公司长安绿地城项目的负责人，华信公司授权委托其对华信公司与西安绿地常盛置业有限公司合作的绿地城项目实施日常项目管理、经营等从事一切与该项目相关的工作。刘志宽以其个人名义向张育安出具《借条》，张育安应刘志宽的要求向绿地集团西安常盛置业有限公司交付了款项，借款是用于购买绿地城项目DK4-7-40702号房屋，且该房屋又载于华信公司的客户情况表中。刘志宽系华信公司长安绿地城项目的负责人，其既不是华信公司的法定代表人，也不是华信公司的负责人，且所借款项均用于华信公司，故刘志宽不应对本案所诉借款承担还款责任。张育安请求判令刘志宽偿还借款本息，于法无据，法院不予以支持。综上，一审法院依照《中华人民共和国合同法》第二百零五条、第二百零六条，《最高人民法院关于审理民间借贷案件适用法律若干问题的规定》第二十三条，《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第六十四条规定，作出判决：驳回张育安的诉讼请求。案件受理费10818元，减半收取计5409元，由张育安负担。二审中，当事人没有提交新证据。查明，2018年5月15日，绿地集团西安常盛置业有限公司向刘志宽出具《收据》，载明，“交款单位 刘志宽 金额 ￥1164280.- 付款内容DK4-7-40702  交款人签字：刘志宽 ”。西安市阎良区人民法院2018年7月20日作出的（2018）陕0114执220号之一执行裁定书载明，“依据已经发生法律效力的西安市阎良区人民法院（2018）陕0114民初191号民事调解书，刘志宽、西安华信西部基础设施勘察设计建设有限公司应支付王勋借款本金806860元、利息80000元……。执行中查明，刘志宽在西安市长安区绿地城项目认购……、DK4-7-40702房产。……。执行过程中，……；由案外人王颖以刘志宽名义向绿地集团西安常盛置业有限公司交纳DK4-7-40702室房产购房款余款。……；DK4-7-40702号房产购买人为王颖”。后，王颖之父王勋分两笔支付给张育安合计750000元整，刘志宽确认该750000元款项与案涉《借条》有关。本院二审其余查明的事实与一审法院查明的事实相同。本院认为，民事主体的财产权利受法律保护。二审中，当事人争议的焦点问题为：涉案《借条》对本案待证事实的证明力？张育安与刘志宽之间法律关系应如何认定？张育安之诉讼请求应否支持？     关于本案基础法律关系的认定一节，张育安以民间借贷纠纷为由提起本案之诉，并提交了《借条》、银行转款凭证等证据。刘志宽以个人名义向张育安出具《借条》，有刘志宽签名及捺印，内容清晰明确，《借条》所涉款项已于同日由张育安按照约定支付至案外人绿地集团西安常盛置业有限公司，绿地集团西安常盛置业有限公司向刘志宽出具了1164280元的购房款《收据》。本案中，绿地集团西安常盛置业有限公司仅为刘志宽指定的收款方；刘志宽申请追加的一审被告华信公司并未在《借条》上加盖印章确认；华信公司在诉讼中也未认可其公司与张育安之间存在法律关系；故，刘志宽所辩称的工程抵账、房屋销售、受华信公司委托等均与本案无关，仅属于其借款用途、资金流向的范畴。依据当事人陈述、在案证据材料，张育安与刘志宽之间成立民间借贷法律关系足以认定。华信公司与刘志宽之间的关系，与本案无关，张育安在本案中亦未向华信公司主张还款，华信公司并非本案适格的被告。一审法院基本事实认定错误。关于案涉借款本息的认定一节，本案中，张育安实际转款1164280元，已经履行了款项出借义务。刘志宽关于其未收款、不应还款之抗辩理由，本院依法不予采信。刘志宽借款后，未按照约定按期返本清息，有违诚信。张育安明确其主张的剩余借款本金数额为680512.03元。审理中，刘志宽也确认案外人王勋分两笔支付的750000元与案涉《借条》有关。经审核，截至2019年4月23日张育安收到480000元时，已产生的利息为266232.03元【1164280 元*24% /年*343日= 266232.03元】, 张育安未计算2019年4月24日至2019年4月25日期间利息，主张的剩余借款本金数额为680512.03元【1164280 元-（750000元- 266232.03元）=680512.03元】，数额无误，主张的利息按照年利率24%标准计算符合双方约定，亦未超过人民法院依照当时法律、司法解释规定应予支持的上限，本院依法予以支持。综上，张育安关于判令借款人刘志宽返还剩余借款本金680512.03元之诉讼请求，有事实依据，依法应予支持，逾期利息，应自2019年4月26日起按照双方约定继续计付至借款本息实际清偿之日。综上所述，张育安的上诉请求成立，本院依法予以采纳。一审判决认定事实不清，判处不当，本院依法予以纠正。依照《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第一百七十条第一款第（二）项规定，判决如下：一、撤销西安市阎良区人民法院（2019）陕0114民初1755号民事判决；二、自本判决生效之日起15日内，刘志宽向张育安返还剩余借款本金人民币680512.03元；三、自本判决生效之日起15日内，刘志宽向张育安支付逾期利息（以680512.03元为基数，按照年利率24%标准，自2019年4月26日起计付至债务实际清偿之日）。如果未按本判决指定的期间履行给付金钱义务，应当依照《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第二百五十三条之规定，加倍支付迟延履行期间的债务利息。一审案件受理费10818元（张育安已预交），减半收取计5409元，由刘志宽负担。二审案件受理费10818元（张育安已预交），由刘志宽负担。上述款项于执行时一并清结。本判决为终审判决。 审   判   员    季 立 耘                        二○二一年三月八日 书   记   员   张    典附件：《民事诉讼程序繁简分流改革试点实施办法》第十八条  第二审人民法院审理上诉案件应当组成合议庭审理。但事实清楚、法律适用明确的下列案件，可以由法官一人独任审理：（一）第一审适用简易程序审理结案的；（二）不服民事裁定的。第二十七条 本办法仅适用于北京、上海市辖区内中级人民法院、基层人民法院，南京、苏州、杭州、宁波、合肥、福州、厦门、济南、郑州、洛阳、武汉、广州、深圳、成都、贵阳、昆明、西安、银川市中级人民法院及其辖区内基层人民法院，北京、上海、广州知识产权法院，上海金融法院，北京、杭州、广州互联网法院。本办法所称的人民法院，是指纳入试点的人民法院；所称的第二审人民法院，包括纳入试点的中级人民法院、知识产权法院和金融法院；所称的中级人民法院、基层人民法院包括试点地区内的铁路运输中级法院和基层法院。     1