陕西省西安市中级人民法院 民  事  判 决 书   （2020）陕01民终11235号 上诉人（原审被告）：杨辉。委托诉讼代理人：李海，陕西璟涵律师事务所律师。委托诉讼代理人：赵小华，陕西璟涵律师事务所实习律师。被上诉人（原审原告）：陕西秦农农村商业银行股份有限公司阎良支行。负责人：崔红选，该支行行长。委托诉讼代理人：苗青，北京市中闻（西安）律师事务所律师。委托诉讼代理人：岳锦锦，北京市中闻（西安）律师事务所实习律师。原审被告：王娥娥。上诉人杨辉因与被上诉人陕西秦农农村商业银行股份有限公司阎良支行（以下简称秦农银行）、原审被告王娥娥借款合同纠纷一案，不服西安市阎良区人民法院（2020）陕0114民初465号民事判决，向本院提起上诉。本院于2020年8月5日立案后，依照《全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于授权最高人民法院在部分地区开展民事诉讼程序繁简分流改革试点工作的决定》之规定，本案适用普通程序，由审判员季立耘独任审理。本案现已审理终结。杨辉上诉请求：1.撤销一审判决第一项，依法改判其不承担责任；2.一、二审诉讼费由秦农银行承担。事实和理由：一审法院认定事实不清。其对借款事实部分认可，但其认为属于借名贷款；其所借款项200000元全部用于实际借款人马战军（已故）；一直都是由马战军（已故）清本还息；秦农银行也知道借名贷款事实；其并未实际参与借款合同关系的履行，也未享受借款活动的利益，应认定第三人为实际借款人并承担还款责任。秦农银行辩称，1.《个人借款合同》真实有效，《个人借款合同》及借款借据上全部签名均是杨辉本人亲自签署，杨辉在一审庭审中对此事也予以认可，其银行依据合同发放贷款，杨辉应当依约偿还贷款；2.杨辉主张钱被马战军（已故）使用，是杨辉借到款后行使其处分权的行为，与其银行无关；3.即使如杨辉所述，是马战军清本还息，马战军的该行为也是代杨辉向其银行还款，是杨辉与马战军之间的约定，不能改变原有的贷款人与杨辉之间的借贷法律关系。综上，杨辉应当知晓签署借款合同的法律后果，不能以自己没有使用为由拒绝承担责任。故，应驳回杨辉上诉，维持原判。王娥娥述称，其丈夫马战军2020年4月6日因病去世，其什么事情都不知道。秦农银行向一审法院起诉请求：1.依法判令杨辉（借款人）归还贷款本金200000元，利息82801.2元（暂计算至2020年3月10日，应继续计算至本息还清之日止），合计282801.2元；2.诉讼费由杨辉、王娥娥承担；3.判令王娥娥（保证人）对以上债务承担连带清偿责任。                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    一审法院认定事实：2016年3月16日，杨辉与西安市阎良区农村信用合作联社振兴信用社（以下简称阎良信合）签订《个人借款合同》，约定借款本金为200000元；借款种类为中期借款，借款期限自2016年3月16日至2018年3月13日；借款用途为建房；还款方式为到期一次性归还借款；借款执行浮动利率，一年一定，本年度月利率为9.7375‰；借款利息自借款发放之日起计算，按季结息，结息日为月末或季末20日；借款到期不能按时归还的，自逾期次日计收罚息，罚息利率为合同执行利率上浮50%等。同日，马战军、王娥娥与阎良信合签订《保证担保合同》，马战军、王娥娥为杨辉的上述借款提供担保，担保方式为连带责任保证，保证范围为借款合同项下全部借款本金及利息、复利、罚息、违约金、损害赔偿金和实现债权的费用，保证期间为借款到期之日起两年。2016年3月16日，阎良信合依约向杨辉发放了200000元借款。2019年3月10日，秦农银行振兴支行与杨辉、马战军签订《还款协议书》，杨辉承诺于2020年3月20日前归还剩余借款190000元及相应利息，马战军自愿继续为该还款计划承担连带保证责任。2020年3月11日，秦农银行将杨辉、马战军、王娥娥诉至法院，要求其承担还款、担保责任。2020年4月6日，马战军因病去世，秦农银行于2020年5月19日撤回了对马战军的起诉。另查明，借款人于2018年11月24日返还借款本金10000元，清偿利息至2017年9月9日。截止2020年3月10日，借款人应返还秦农银行借款本金190000元，尚欠利息80535.66元。再查明，2017年9月6日，经中国银行业监督管理委员会批准，陕西秦农农村商业银行股份有限公司吸收合并阎良信合,由秦农银行经营和管理阎良信合的债权债务。一审法院认为，依法成立的合同对当事人具有法律约束力，当事人应该按照合同约定行使权利、履行义务。案件中，双方签订的《个人借款合同》、《保证担保合同》及《还款协议书》均系双方当事人真实意思表示，内容不违反法律、行政法规的强制性规定，应为有效合同，双方均应按约履行。秦农银行依约发放了贷款，但杨辉未依约按期足额还款，显系违约，故对于秦农银行要求杨辉还剩余借款本金190000元，并支付截止2020年3月10日利息80535.66元及至实际本息还清之日利息的诉请，法院予以支持。王娥娥为杨辉的上述借款承担连带保证责任，杨辉未依约偿还借款，秦农银行在保证期间内要求王娥娥承担保证责任，于法有据，法院予以支持。对于杨辉的抗辩，法院认为，案涉借款发生在秦农银行与杨辉之间，借款确已发放至杨辉的银行卡内，秦农银行已经履行了发放贷款的合同义务。杨辉主张其卡内的借款由马战军所使用，与本案并非同一法律关系。故对于杨辉之抗辩，法院不予采纳。对于王娥娥的抗辩，法院认为，王娥娥除了与阎良信合签订担保合同之外，还在谈话备忘录上签字盖章，并提交了个人身份证件、户口本等资料，王娥娥作为成年人，应当知道其提交个人身份证材料、在借款相关材料上签字的法律后果，故对于王娥娥的抗辩，法院不予采信。综上，一审法院依照《中华人民共和国合同法》第六十条、第一百九十六条、第二百零五条、第二百零六条、第二百零七条,《中华人民共和国担保法》第十八条、第二十一条,《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第六十四条规定，判决：                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       一、杨辉于判决生效后10日内返还陕西秦农农村商业银行股份有限公司阎良支行借款190000元，支付截止2020年3月10日的利息80535.66元，合计270535.66元，并按照双方签订的陕农信振信借字[2016]第2202号《个人借款合同》的约定支付自2020年3月11日起至实际清偿之日止的利息；二、王娥娥对杨辉的上述给付义务承担连带清偿责任；三、驳回陕西秦农农村商业银行股份有限公司阎良支行的其他诉讼请求。如果未按判决指定的期间履行给付金钱义务的，应当依照《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第二百五十三条规定，加倍支付迟延履行期间的债务利息。案件受理费5542元，减半收取，即2771元，由陕西秦农农村商业银行股份有限公司阎良支行负担121元，杨辉、王娥娥负担2650元。因该费用陕西秦农农村商业银行股份有限公司阎良支行已预交，杨辉、王娥娥于判决生效后十日内一并给付陕西秦农农村商业银行股份有限公司阎良支行2650元。本院二审查明的事实与一审法院查明的事实相同。本院认为，《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国民事诉讼法〉的解释》第一百零八条规定，对负有举证证明责任的当事人提供的证据，人民法院经审查并结合相关事实，确信待证事实的存在具有高度可能性的，应当认定该事实存在。对一方当事人为反驳负有举证证明责任的当事人所主张事实而提供的证据，人民法院经审查并结合相关事实，认为待证事实真伪不明的，应当认定该事实不存在。二审中，当事人争议的焦点问题为：本案借款人应如何认定？一审法院判令杨辉还本付息是否妥当？本案中，秦农银行以金融借款合同纠纷为由提起诉讼，并提供了《个人借款合同》、《保证担保合同》、《还款协议书》及身份证、户口簿等证据，内容相互印证，能够形成证据链，证明本案所涉事实。《个人借款合同》明确载明借款人杨辉，借款人处有杨辉签名及私章。秦农银行已依据合同约定履行贷款发放义务。杨辉称其为名义借款人、不应承担还款责任。案涉《个人借款合同》内容清晰明确，与借款借据、《还款协议书》亦能够印证，案涉借款合同法律关系足以认定。杨辉作为完全民事行为能力人，理应知晓与金融机构签订《个人借款合同》、出具相关材料的法律后果。杨辉未提供充分证据证明其曾向秦农银行披露真实借款人、其曾请求撤销《个人借款合同》或确认《个人借款合同》无效等，杨辉上诉理由，理据不足，本院依法不予采信。杨辉与马战军（已故）之间关系，本案不予涉及。案涉《个人借款合同》内容不违反法律法规的强制性规定，合法有效，对当事人具有法律约束力。一审法院就本案所作认定与处理，于法有据，并无不当。综上所述，杨辉的上诉请求不能成立，应予驳回；一审判决认定事实清楚，适用法律正确，应予维持。依照《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第一百七十条第一款第一项规定，判决如下：驳回上诉，维持原判。二审案件受理费5358.03元，由上诉人杨辉负担。本判决为终审判决。  审   判   员    季 立 耘                        二○二○年十一月二日 书   记   员   张    典    附件：《民事诉讼程序繁简分流改革试点实施办法》第十八条  第二审人民法院审理上诉案件应当组成合议庭审理。但事实清楚、法律适用明确的下列案件，可以由法官一人独任审理：（一）第一审适用简易程序审理结案的；（二）不服民事裁定的。第二十七条 本办法仅适用于北京、上海市辖区内中级人民法院、基层人民法院，南京、苏州、杭州、宁波、合肥、福州、厦门、济南、郑州、洛阳、武汉、广州、深圳、成都、贵阳、昆明、西安、银川市中级人民法院及其辖区内基层人民法院，北京、上海、广州知识产权法院，上海金融法院，北京、杭州、广州互联网法院。本办法所称的人民法院，是指纳入试点的人民法院；所称的第二审人民法院，包括纳入试点的中级人民法院、知识产权法院和金融法院；所称的中级人民法院、基层人民法院包括试点地区内的铁路运输中级法院和基层法院。    1