西安市阎良区人民法院 西安市阎良区人民法院民事判决书 （2020）陕0114民初1573号    原告：中国建设银行股份有限公司西安阎良区支行。住所地：西安市阎良区负责人：王全胜，系该支行行长。委托诉讼代理人：蔡新鹏，陕西联强律师事务所律师。委托诉讼代理人：邢少帅，陕西联强律师事务所律师。被告：秦艳娥，女，1972年10月22日出生，汉族，汉族，西安市阎良区村民，住西安市阎良区十八区。被告：窦跃军，男，1974年12月30日出生，汉族，西安市阎良区村民，住该组。被告：陕西世纪锦业地产有限公司，住所地：西安市。法定代表人：戴智敏，系该公司总经理。委托诉讼代理人：郭静静，女，1992年12月7日出生，汉族，系该公司办公室主任，住该公司。原告中国建设银行股份有限公司西安阎良区支行（以下简称建设银行阎良支行）与被告秦艳娥、被告窦跃军、被告陕西世纪锦业地产有限公司（以下简称锦业公司）借款合同纠纷一案，本院于2020年7月30日立案后，依法适用普通程序，公开开庭进行了审理。原告建设银行阎良支行的委托诉讼代理人蔡新鹏、被告秦艳娥、被告窦跃军、被告锦业公司的委托诉讼代理人郭静静到庭参加了诉讼。本案现已审理终结。原告建设银行阎良支行向本院提出诉讼请求: 1、宣布贷款全部到期，判令被告秦艳娥、被告窦跃军立即偿还借款本金293451.75元、利息11653.23元、罚息583.58元，共计305688.56元（截止2019年5月9日）及至实际清偿完借款本息之日所产生的利息、罚息、复利;2、判令被告秦艳娥以其名下位于阎良区XX大道XX号XX幢XX单元XX层XX号房产承担抵押担保责任，原告对该抵押房产享有优先受偿权；3、判令锦业公司对被告秦艳娥、被告窦跃军的上述债务承担连带保证责任；4、本案的保全费、公告费、诉讼费及相关费用由被告承担。事实和理由： 2016年12月13日，原告建设银行阎良支行与被告秦艳娥签订《个人住房（商业用房）借款合同》（以下简称借款合同），约定：被告秦艳娥向原告借款340000元，借款期限为180个月，借款实行浮动贷款利率，按月等额本息还款，被告如未按约还款，原告有权依约收取罚息。借款用于购买阎良区XX大道XX号XX幢XX单元XX层XX号房产，随后各方在房屋管理部门办理了抵押登记。合同约定被告锦业公司提供阶段性连带保证责任。合同签订后原告依约发放贷款，被告未按约定履行义务，构成严重违约，故原告诉至法院。被告秦艳娥辩称，借款属实，要求由被告窦跃军还款，房子也不要了给被告窦跃军。被告窦跃军辩称，借款属实，愿意还钱。被告锦业公司辩称，愿意承担担保责任。                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          本院经审理认定事实如下：2016年12月13日，被告秦艳娥与原告建设银行阎良支行签订《个人住房（商业用房）借款合同》，约定借款本金为340000元, 用于被告秦艳娥购买阎良区XX大道XX号XX幢XX单元XX层XX号房屋；借款期限为180个月，即自2016年12月13日至2031年12月13日；借款利率执行浮动利率，即为基准利率水平上下调5%，该利率自起息日起至贷款本息全部清偿之日止依据利率调整日当日的基准利率及上述上浮/下调幅度，在本合同约定每个利率调整日调整一次；还款方式为委托扣款方式，借款人最迟应在每期约定还款日前一日柜面营业终了前将当期应还款项足额存入指定委托款账户内，否则贷款人有权自约定还款日开始计收逾期罚息和复利；还款方法为采用等额本息还款法，在合同签订时的贷款利率水平下，每一个月归还本息金额为人民币2671.02元；逾期罚息利率为本合同执行贷款利率的水平上上浮50%；对于本金逾期超过90天仍未收回的借款，或者利息逾期超过90天仍未收回的借款，或者法律、法规或规章另有规定的借款，按照先还本后付息的原则偿还；借款人不能按本合同约定按时足额偿还借款本息或其他应付款项，贷款人有权行使解除与借款人的借贷关系等权利。双方在该借款合同中约定以被告秦艳娥位于阎良区XX大道XX号XX幢XX单元XX层XX号房屋作抵押担保。同日，被告锦业公司在上述《个人住房（商业用房）借款合同》上签字盖章，为被告秦艳娥的上述借款合同提供连带责任保证。保证范围为借款合同项下借款本金、利息（包括复利和罚息）、违约金、赔偿金、其他款项和债权人实现债权与担保权利的费用。保证期间为本合同保证条款生效之日起至抵押登记已办妥且抵押财产的他项权利证书、抵押登记证明文件正本及其他权利证书交由贷款人核对无误、收执之日止。借款合同中的保证条款的效力独立于合同其他条款，合同其他条款不生效、无效或部分无效、被撤销、被解除并不影响保证条款的效力。后，被告建设银行阎良支行依约发放了340000元的借款。2016年12月28日，涉案房屋办理了预购商品房贷款抵押登记备案，但未办理房地产抵押登记，亦未取得抵押财产的《他项权利证书》。另查明，被告秦艳娥未按借款合同约定履行还款义务，截止2019年5月9日被告秦艳娥未偿还原告借款本金293451.75元、利息11653.23元、罚息583.58元，以上共计305688.56元。本院认为，原告建设银行阎良支行与被告秦艳娥、被告窦跃军签订的借款合同系当事人真实意思表示,不违反法律法规规定,应属有效合同,双方均应按约履行各自的义务。原告建设银行阎良支行依约履行了发放贷款义务, 被告秦艳娥、被告窦跃军未按约履行还款义务,己构成违约，故原告建设银行阎良支行有权宣布贷款全部到期，并要求被告秦艳娥、被告窦跃军偿还剩余借款本金、利息、罚息、复利及自2019年5月10日至实际清偿完借款本息之日所产生的利息、罚息。被告锦业公司为被告秦艳娥的上述借款提供阶段性连带责任保证，现被告秦艳娥、被告窦跃军未依约还款，原告建设银行阎良支行在保证期间内要求被告锦业公司对上述借款本金、利息、罚息承担连带清偿责任，本院予以支持。被告锦业公司在承担连带保证责任后,可向被告秦艳娥、被告窦跃军追偿。关于原告建设银行阎良支行主张对本案抵押房产折价、拍卖或变卖所得价款有优先受偿权的请求。抵押登记备案与抵押登记具有不同的法律性质和法律效力,抵押备案登记并非设立抵押权的抵押登记。因本案涉案房产仅办理了预购商品房贷款抵押登记备案,抵押权并未设立，故对建设银行阎良支行要求就本案抵押房产行使优先受偿权的诉讼请求,依法不予支持。原告建设银行阎良支行其他诉讼请求，于法无据，本院不予支持。另，被告秦艳娥主张将涉案房屋转让给被告窦跃军，并由窦跃军承担还款责任的主张，本院认为，房屋的转让和本人不是同一法律关系，且有窦跃军一人承担还款责任，亦于法无据，故本院不予支持。综上所述，依照《中华人民共和国合同法》第八条、第六十条、第九十三条、第一百零七条，《中华人民共和国担保法》第十八条、第二十一条、第二十六条、第三十一条，《中华人民共和国物权法》第二十条，《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第六十四条，判决如下：                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              一、被告秦艳娥、被告窦跃军于本判决生效后10日内返还原告中国建设银行股份有限公司西安阎良区支行借款本金293451.75元、利息11653.23元、罚息583.58元，以上共计305688.56元，并按照2016年12月13日签订的《个人住房（商业用房）借款合同》的约定支付自2020年5月10日起至实际清偿之日止的利息、罚息；二、被告陕西世纪锦业地产有限公司对被告秦艳娥、被告窦跃军的上述给付义务承担连带清偿责任。被告陕西世纪锦业地产有限公司在承担连带清偿责任后,有权向被告秦艳娥、被告窦跃军追偿；三、驳回原告中国建设银行股份有限公司西安阎良区支行的其他诉讼请求。如果未按本判决指定的期间履行给付金钱义务的，应当依照《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第二百五十三条规定，加倍支付迟延履行期间的债务利息。案件受理费减半收取2943元，由被告秦艳娥、被告窦跃军、被告陕西世纪锦业地产有限公司负担。因该费用原告中国建设银行股份有限公司西安阎良区支行已预交，被告秦艳娥、被告窦跃军、被告陕西世纪锦业地产有限公司于本判决生效后十日内一并给付原告2943元。如不服本判决，可在判决书送达之日起十五日内，向本院递交上诉状，并按对方当事人的人数提出副本，上诉于陕西省西安市中级人民法院。  审 判 员     董  新  二〇二〇年十一月十八日 法官助理     梁 勍书 记 员     赵 倩 1