重庆市江津区人民法院民事判决书      （2021）渝0116民初2560号     原告（反诉被告）：王仲全，男，1971年2月1日出生，汉族，住重庆市江津区。委托诉讼代理人：蔡家良，重庆万可律师事务所律师。被告（反诉原告）：杨勋维，女，1975年11月9日出生，汉族，住重庆市江津区。委托诉讼代理人：陈仲余，重庆佳昂律师事务所律师。委托诉讼代理人：颜婷，重庆佳昂律师事务所律师。原告（反诉被告）王仲全与被告（反诉原告）杨勋维农村建房施工合同纠纷一案，本院于2021年2月5日立案后，依法适用普通程序公开开庭进行了审理。原告（反诉被告）王仲全及其委托诉讼代理人蔡家良与被告（反诉原告）杨勋维的委托诉讼代理人陈仲余、颜婷到庭参加诉讼。本案现已审理终结。原告（反诉被告）王仲全向本院提出诉讼请求：1、判令被告向原告支付建房工程款120000元；2、判令被告向原告支付建房工程款的（资金占用损失）利息（以120000元为基数，自2018年12月21日起计算至付清之日止，按全国银行间同业拆借中心公布的贷款市场报价利率计算，2018年12月21日至2020年12月20日期间利息暂计12000元，2020年1月20日已付10000元，尚欠利息暂计2000元）。事实和理由：2017年10月至2018年12月期间，原告承建被告位于江津区四面山镇洪洞的房屋，完工后于2018年12月20日双方进行书面结算。经《结算协议》和《付款协议》确认，被告尚欠原告余下的建房工程款130331元。2018年12月20日被告向原告微信支付10000元。依据《付款协议》，被告尚欠原告余下工程款120000元。2020年1月20日被告支付利息10000元。2020年12月20日期满至起诉之日，被告经催收未付款，原告遂提起诉讼。被告（反诉原告）杨勋维辩称：1、工程款已经支付了30000元，尚欠90000元，双方并未约定自2018年12月21日起计算利息，原告要求支付利息的诉讼请求没有依据。2、根据原、被告2018年12月20日签订的付款协议，2020年12月20日前要将被告的房产证办好，办好后两个月即2020年2月20日前付清工程款，约定如未办好房产证，就不支付工程款，因此本案的付款条件不成就。3、房屋并未完工、验收，应在完工后整改存在的质量问题后再支付工程款。被告（反诉原告）杨勋维向本院提出反诉请求：1、判令原告将被告家中的水、电施工安装到户并安装好门窗，将房屋修建完工直至竣工验收合格；2、判令原告将被告房屋墙体开裂、破损及地面不平整等质量问题进行修复、整改并进行安全鉴定为合格；3、判令原告向被告赔偿因延期交付房屋产生的损失25200元。事实和理由：因江津区四面山洪洞村实施高山生态扶贫搬迁计划，对被告所在的集体经济组织辖区内的农村房屋进行搬迁。为修建该区域内村民的新建还房，2017年10月12日，原告与重庆市江津区四面山镇、重庆市江津区侗语巴渝民俗经营有限公司、重庆市江津区四面山镇洪洞村村民委员会签订《建房施工承包合同》，约定原告承建江津区四面山镇洪洞村灰千岩村的房屋，施工工期为150天。原告于2017年10月至2018年12月进行了施工，至今未完工，也没有进行竣工验收，同时房屋存在多种问题未解决：1、房屋外墙多处开裂形成较大缝隙，房屋主体多处出现贯穿式裂缝；2、房屋内围院坝未硬化，坑洼泥土堆积，存在极大安全隐患；3、房屋没有安装窗户，也没有安装水电及电线。被告要求原告继续完成房屋未完成部分的施工，并要求原告对房屋的质量问题进行修复，但原告未履行合同义务，给被告造成损失，应承担赔偿责任。约定工期为150天，但原告实际在2018年12月才将房屋主体修建完成，其余配套基础设施至今未完工，致使被告在外租房产生损失，应由原告承担赔偿责任。原告（反诉被告）王仲全辩称：1、原告在修建被告房屋时，已有被告和被告委托的人进行现场各个施工环节的验收并签订相关文书，直至工程全部结算并且全面装修时，被告均没有提出过质量异议；2、原告为被告修建的房屋是合格的，也没有延期交房。                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    本院经审理认定事实如下：2017年10月12日，甲方“重庆市江津区四面山镇洪洞村灰干岩村民小组村民”与乙方王仲全、第三方“重庆市江津区侗语巴渝民宿经营有限公司”签订《建房施工合同》，载明：“为顺利推进重庆市江津区四面山镇洪洞村灰干岩村民小组胡家咀民宿项目，让涉及该项目的村民所属的新建还房尽早建好，经甲方、乙方、第三方、见证方一起平等、友好协商，就建房施工承包达成协议合同如下：一、甲方将其位于重庆市江津区四面山镇洪洞村乱石港处规划设计审批的建房占地面积630平方米建筑面积约1890平方米，施工承包给乙方，建筑每平方米壹仟伍佰壹拾元，含建筑材料、人工工资、基础、风貌、水电到户、外墙、门窗、总价约2853900元，以实际验收计价。二、乙方必须按图施工，图纸由第三方设计绘制好后，甲方签字认可交给乙方。第四层层高，女儿墙0.8-1.5米，甲方支付乙方50%建筑工程款，即每平方米柒佰伍拾伍元整。三、建筑工程质量由甲方全程自行监理，有问题及时整改，建筑结算造价面积以外墙边为基础，据实验收计价......六、甲方应保证乙方正常施工，如场地、道路等。工期为正常施工150天。如因其它不可抗力因素可顺延......八、道路、绿化附属设施由第三方组织施工，付款。九、村民照明用电及施工用三相电由民宿公司负责协调，乙方只负责材料人工安装到户......”。合同尾页“甲方”处加盖有重庆市江津区四面山镇洪洞村灰千岩村民小组印章及杨才伦（小组长）签字，“乙方”处有王仲全签字，“第三方”处有程思瑞签字，“见证方”处有重庆市江津区四面山镇洪洞村村民委员会印章及李文祥签字。2017年10月28日，甲方胡家咀建房户与乙方王仲全签订《乱石仓建房补充协议》，载明：“......本协议生效后，即成为意向书不可分割的组成部分与原合同具有同等法律效力。除本协议中明确所作修改的条款之外，原合同的其余部分完全继续有效......本协议一式贰份，甲乙双方各壹份，双方签字盖章之日起生效。甲方：杨才伦 陈开华 杨才全 周光玉 杨才明  乙方：王仲全”。原告王仲全陈述“周光玉”系被告杨勋维的母亲，是代杨勋维签字；但被告未予认可。2018年12月20日，原、被告在《重庆市江津区四面山镇洪洞村灰干岩村民小组杨勋维户建房结算情况》签字、捺印，该结算情况载明：“1.村民小组（民宿公司）拆迁补偿  杨勋维壹拾壹万贰仟伍佰捌拾贰元  周光玉捌万肆仟柒佰捌拾柒元. 共计壹拾玖万柒仟叁佰陆拾玖元（197369）。2.房屋建安费：270㎡×1510元=407700元。肆拾万零柒仟柒佰元整。3.支付情况：1.洪洞村代杨勋维、周光玉支付建房款（拆迁款）（197369元）。2.杨勋维支付给王仲全建房款捌万元。3.杨勋维尚欠王仲全建房款：壹拾叁万零叁佰叁拾壹元。当事人双方对以上结算结果无异议”。当日，原、被告还签订了《付款协议》，载明：“王仲全承建的江津区四面山镇洪洞村灰干岩村民小组杨勋维的房屋工程，完工验收合格结算。现欠王仲全工程款壹拾贰万元整。达成付款协议如下：1.杨勋维于2020年12月20日前无条件全部付清王仲全的建房工程欠款壹拾贰万元。2.如在2020年12月20日前，杨勋维的房屋产权证办好，则于产权证办好后两个月内无条件付清王仲全的工程款。3.工程款付清后方可装修房屋。4.所欠工程款利息按银行同期商业贷款利率计算按季度支付”。2018年12月20日、2019年1月26日、2020年1月21日，被告杨勋维分别给原告王仲全转账10000元，共计支付30000元。其中，2018年12月20日支付的10000元，原告认为是在付款协议签订之前支付的，被告认为是在付款协议签订后支付的。2019年1月26日和2020年1月21日支付的共计20000元，原告认为支付的是利息，被告认为支付的是本金。重庆市江津区四面山镇洪洞村村民委员会、重庆市江津区四面山镇洪洞村灰干岩村民小组于2021年3月20日出具《情况说明》，载明：“施工中情况如下：1、在办理签订合同等手续中，其他房主都先办完了之后，杨勋维房主是自己主动找王仲全承建的，她也是最后办理完合同手续的，其期间耽误了1个月左右。2、农户建房主由于对其修建地基放施工线、各户朝向等协调事宜，其期间不间断耽误了2个月左右。3、施工中由于院坝、道路、水电、其他等基础设施是由第三方完成，其期间不间断耽误了3个月左右。4、施工中由于天气下雪原因造成停建；景区区域的环评整治而造成停建，其期间不间断耽误了3个月左右”。经现场查看，案涉房屋有部分房间已经进行了装修，房屋后侧有一处窗户未安装。原告当庭陈述其没有安装过电线和水管，并陈述愿意为水、电未安装到户折价补偿被告3500元。被告经本院释明后，自愿将其反诉主张中要求原告继续将其水电安装到户的请求变更为折价补偿，并提出需要补偿安装水、电的材料费、人工费及清洁费共计10000元。庭审后，因原告已将用电入户，被告又主张原告承担用水入户和安装窗户的折价款8000元。本院认为，建设工程施工合同无效，但建设工程经竣工验收合格，承包人请求参照合同约定支付工程价款的，应予支持；建设工程未经竣工验收，发包人擅自使用后，又以部分质量不符合约定为由主张权利的，不予支持。《最高人民法院关于审理建设工程施工合同纠纷案件适用法律问题的解释（一）》第一条规定：“建设工程施工合同具有下列情形之一的，应当依据民法典第一百五十三条第一款的规定，认定无效：（一）承包人未取得建筑企业资质或者超越资质等级的......”。本案中，被告杨勋维虽然不认可与原告签订了书面合同，但原告确为其修建房屋且双方进行了结算，故原、被告双方形成建设工程施工合同关系。因原告王仲全系自然人，无相应施工资质，双方的建设工程合同无效；但被告杨勋维已经对涉案房屋进行了部分装修，应视为擅自使用，应当参照合同支付工程价款。原、被告双方于2018年12月20日在《重庆市江津区四面山镇洪洞村灰干岩村民小组杨勋维户建房结算情况》、《付款协议》上签字确认，明确被告杨勋维尚欠原告王仲全建房工程款120000元，且约定了付款期限和利息，原、被告已经对工程款进行了结算，被告杨勋维应当按照双方约定支付原告王仲全工程款。被告辩称付款条件未成就，系其对双方付款协议中关于办理产权证之约定的误解，双方并非约定办理产权证后再支付工程款，而是约定如果在2020年12月20日前办理好产权证，则支付工程款的时间就提前至办好产权证后两个月内，故对该意见，本院不予采纳。被告还辩称应在房屋建设完工整改后再支付工程款，该意见也与双方约定不符，本院不予采纳。关于尚欠工程款本金和利息的问题。被告杨勋维曾于2018年12月20日向原告王仲全转账10000元，双方于当日签订了《重庆市江津区四面山镇洪洞村灰干岩村民小组杨勋维户建房结算情况》，显示“杨勋维尚欠王仲全建房款：壹拾叁万零叁佰叁拾壹元”，又于同一日签订《付款协议》，显示“杨勋维于2020年12月20日前无条件全部付清王仲全的建房工程欠款壹拾贰万元”。从时间逻辑顺序上来看，双方应当是在签订了《重庆市江津区四面山镇洪洞村灰干岩村民小组杨勋维户建房结算情况》后，确认尚欠工程款为130331元，然后杨勋维向王仲全支付10000元，双方再签订《付款协议》，明确尚欠的工程款金额现在为120000元。因此，被告于2018年12月20日支付的10000元，应当是在《付款协议》签订之前支付。2019年1月26日、2020年1月21日，被告杨勋维共向原告王仲全支付了20000元，原告认为应当计算为利息，但未举证证明双方约定先支付利息或者该笔转账为被告支付利息的意思表示，故本院认为该20000元应在工程款本金中扣减。因此，被告杨勋维现尚欠原告王仲全工程款本金100000元。双方在《付款协议》中约定工程款利息按银行同期商业贷款利率计算，系双方真实意思表示，原告据此主张利息从2018年12月21日起算，有事实和法律依据，本院予以支持。关于被告反诉请求的问题。1、被告反诉主张原告将水电施工安装到户和窗户安装完毕的请求。原告当庭认可水电未施工安装到户，且经实地查看，房屋一楼后侧确有一处窗户未进行安装，但因双方之间的合同系无效合同，不宜再继续履行，被告据此变更该项诉讼请求为原告折价补偿，于法有据，本院予以支持。在庭审后，因电已入户，故原告仅需承担水管入户和安装窗户的折价款。被告主张8000元折价款，却无法举证证明目前安装水管入户和窗户需要8000元的事实，应承担举证不能的不利后果，对其主张的该金额，本院无法支持。本院结合原告自认情况、当地市场价和案件实际，酌情确定原告向被告支付水管入户和窗户安装的折价款（含材料和人工费）共计1800元。被告还反诉主张原告将房屋完工至竣工验收合格，但该主张与双方签订的《付款协议》相悖，与事实不符，本院不予支持。2、被告反诉主张原告对房屋墙体开裂、破损及地面不平整等质量问题进行修复，但未举证证实案涉房屋存在质量不合格的事实，该主张缺乏事实依据，本院不予支持。3、被告反诉主张原告支付延期交房损失25200元，但未举证证实存在延期交房的事实；相反，原告举证证实施工过程中存在非因原告的客观原因，该反诉主张无事实依据，本院不予支持。据此，为保护当事人合法权益，维护正常的社会经济秩序，依照《中华人民共和国合同法》第五十二条、第五十六条、第五十八条、第六十条，《最高人民法院关于审理建设工程施工合同纠纷案件适用法律问题的解释》第一条、第二条、第十三条，《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第六十四条第一款，《最高人民法院关于适用时间效力的若干规定》第一条第二款之规定,判决如下：一、被告（反诉原告）杨勋维于本判决生效后十日内给付原告（反诉被告）王仲全工程款100000元及利息（以120000元为基数，自2018年12月21日起至2019年1月25日期间，按中国人民银行同期商业贷款利率计算；以110000元为基数，自2019年1月26日起至2019年8月19日期间，按中国人民银行同期商业贷款利率计算；以110000元为基数，自2019年8月20日至2020年1月20日期间，按全国银行间同业拆借中心公布的贷款市场报价利率计算；以100000元为基数，自2020年1月21日起至付清之日止，按全国银行间同业拆借中心公布的贷款市场报价利率计算）；二、原告（反诉被告）王仲全于本判决生效后十日内给付被告（反诉原告）杨勋维用水入户和安装窗户折价款共计1800元；三、驳回原告（反诉被告）王仲全的其他诉讼请求；四、驳回被告（反诉原告）杨勋维的其他反诉请求。如果未按本判决指定的期间履行给付金钱义务，应当依照《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第二百五十三条规定，加倍支付迟延履行期间的债务利息。案件受理费2700元，由原告（反诉被告）王仲全负担360元，由被告（反诉原告）杨勋维负担2340元；此款原告（反诉被告）王仲全已预缴2700元，经其同意，由被告（反诉原告）杨勋维在履行上述付款义务时一并向其转付2340元。案件反诉费430元，由被告（反诉原告）杨勋维负担。如不服本判决，可在判决书送达之日起十五日内，向本院递交上诉状，并按对方当事人的人数提出副本，上诉于重庆市第五中级人民法院。    审  判  长     李亚兰        人民陪审员     周利容                    人民陪审员     顾小利  二〇二一年九月十五日 书  记  员    陈  曦   - 1 -