重庆市江津区人民法院民事判决书      （2021）渝0116民初1224号     原告：丁世会，女，1962年8月20日出生，汉族，住重庆市江津区。委托诉讼代理人：白钰冰（社区推荐），男，1995年7月1日出生，汉族，户籍地重庆市江津区。被告：重庆摩根郡旅游开发有限公司，住所地重庆市江津区四面山镇燕子村二组，统一社会信用代码91500116585740134Y。法定代表人:田忠，该公司总经理。委托诉讼代理人：陈怡奇，重庆军航律师事务所律师。委托诉讼代理人：华娟，重庆军航律师事务所律师（实习）。被告：北京德信九和投资管理有限公司，住所地北京市朝阳区东三环弘燕路10号德元九和大厦2层206号房间，统一社会信用代码91110105330416420A。法定代表人：薛振民。被告：施京，男，1966年10月20日出生，汉族，住北京市海淀区。被告：阳红，男，1961年6月25日出生，汉族，住北京市海淀区。以上二被告共同委托诉讼代理人：陈怡奇，重庆军航律师事务所律师。以上二被告共同委托诉讼代理人：华娟，重庆军航律师事务所律师（实习）。被告：杨定财，男，1962年11月14日出生，汉族，住重庆市江津区。原告丁世会与被告重庆摩根郡旅游开发有限公司（以下简称摩根郡公司）、北京德信九和投资管理有限公司（以下简称德信九和公司）、施京、阳红房屋买卖合同纠纷一案，本院于2021年1月18日立案后，依法适用普通程序公开开庭进行了审理。原告丁世会的委托诉讼代理人白钰冰与被告摩根郡公司、施京、阳红的共同委托诉讼代理人陈怡奇、华娟到庭参加诉讼，被告德信九和公司、杨定财经本院合法传票（公告）传唤，无正当理由拒不到庭参加诉讼，本院依法缺席审理。本案现已审理终结。原告丁世会向本院提出诉讼请求：1、判决确认原告丁世会与被告摩根郡公司于2018年10月8日签订的商品房买卖合同为无效合同；2、判决被告摩根郡公司返还原告购房款247833元及资金占用利息（以购房款247833元为基数，按中国人民银行授权全国银行间同业拆借中心于2019年6月31日当月公布的贷款市场报价利率的四倍，从2019年6月31日起计算至付清为止），并赔偿原告已付房款一倍的财产损失247833元；3、判决被告施京、阳红、德信九和公司对被告摩根郡公司对原告丁世会的财产损失承担连带清偿责任；4、本案的诉讼费、公告费、司法评估鉴定费、拍卖费等由被告承担。事实和理由：2018年10月8日，原告与被告摩根郡公司签订商品房买卖合同，约定被告将位于重庆市江津区四面山镇燕子村铁匠屋基津山某号出售给原告，总价275370元，房款于签合同时首付90%即247833元，余款于办理产权证时付清。该商品房应于2019年6月30日前交付，交房标准为精装修。合同签订后，原告按约定向被告支付了首付款，但被告未如期履行交房、办理产权手续。被告摩根郡公司在开发建设案涉房产过程中，公司管理混乱，公司财产与股东个人财产混同，公司资金明显与经营房地产项目不相适应，因此被告公司的股东即应当对摩根郡公司的债务承担连带责任。被告摩根郡公司辩称：1、案涉房屋目前没有取得施工许可证及销售许可证，认可合同无效。2、被告摩根郡公司因资不抵债于2020年10月向重庆市第五中级人民法院破产庭提出破产重整申请，现公司处于停止运营状态，至今尚未被裁定破产重整。3、对原告提出的退还房款247833元的请求无异议，但原告主张的资金占用利息没有依据，应驳回。被告施京、阳红辩称：本案属于摩根郡公司作为独立法人与原告发生的合同纠纷，施京、阳红不应承担连带清偿责任，请求驳回对施京、阳红的诉讼请求。被告德信九和公司、杨定财未作答辩。                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       本院经审理认定事实如下：2018年10月8日，被告摩根郡公司作为甲方，与乙方丁世会签订《商品房买卖合同》，约定原告向摩根郡公司购买坐落于重庆市江津区四面山镇燕子村铁匠屋基津山某号房屋，房屋总价275370元，付款方式为分期付款，即2018年10月8日付247833元，办理产权时付27537元，房屋交付时间为2019年6月30日前。原告丁世会于2018年10月7日向被告摩根郡公司支付定金20000元，于2018年10月8日向摩根郡公司支付购房款227833元，合计支付购房款247833元。另查明，被告摩根郡公司在与原告丁世会签订上述合同时至今，未取得商品房预售许可证。目前，被告摩根郡公司也未将涉案房屋交付原告丁世会。审理过程中，原告丁世会于2021年7月4日撤回对被告杨定财的起诉。本院认为，出卖人未取得商品房预售许可证明，与买受人订立的商品房预售合同，应当认定无效，但是在起诉前取得商品房预售许可证明的，可以认定有效。《中华人民共和国合同法》第五十八条规定：“合同无效或者被撤销后，因该合同取得的财产，应当予以返还；不能返还或者没有必要返还的，应当折价补偿。有过错的一方应当赔偿对方因此所受到的损失，双方都有过错的，应当各自承担相应的责任”。本案中，被告摩根郡公司在与原告丁世会签订《商品房买卖合同》时未取得商品房预售许可证明，直至原告起诉前也未取得，因此双方于2018年10月8日签订的《商品房买卖合同》应属无效。原告据此主张被告摩根郡公司返还原告购房款247833元及资金占用利息，有事实和法律依据，本院予以支持。但原告主张资金占用损失按照全国银行间同业拆借中心公布的贷款市场报价利率的四倍计算，标准过高且于法无据，本院不予支持，并酌情确定资金占用损失的标准参照全国银行间同业拆借中心公布的贷款市场报价利率计算。原告还主张被告赔偿已付房款一倍的财产损失247833元，但未举证证明被告存在故意隐瞒其没有取得商品房预售许可证明的事实的行为，应承担举证不能的不利后果，该主张缺乏事实依据，本院不予支持。原告另主张被告德信九和公司、施京、阳红承担连带责任，其理由是各股东与摩根郡公司存在财产和人格混同，但其并未举证证明这一事实，故本院不予支持。另，原告自愿撤回对被告杨定财的起诉，系其真实意思表示，不违反法律、行政法规的强制性规定，本院予以准许。据此，为保护当事人合法权益，维护正常的社会经济秩序，依照《中华人民共和国合同法》第五十八条，《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第六十四条第一款，第一百四十四条，《最高人民法院关于审理商品房买卖合同纠纷案件适用法律若干问题的解释》第二条、第九条，《最高人民法院关于适用时间效力的若干规定》第一条第二款之规定,判决如下：一、原告丁世会与被告重庆摩根郡旅游开发有限公司于2018年10月8日签订的《商品房买卖合同》无效；二、被告重庆摩根郡旅游开发有限公司于本判决生效后三日内返还原告丁世会购房款247833元并支付资金占用利息（以247833元为基数，自2019年6月31日起至2019年8月19日止，按中国人民银行同期同类贷款利率计算；自2019年8月20日起至付清之日止，按全国银行间同业拆借中心公布的贷款市场报价利率计算）；三、驳回原告丁世会的其他诉讼请求。如果未按本判决指定的期间履行给付金钱义务，应当依照《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第二百五十三条规定，加倍支付迟延履行期间的债务利息。案件受理费5018元，由被告重庆摩根郡旅游开发有限公司负担。此款原告丁世会已预缴，经其同意，由被告重庆摩根郡旅游开发有限公司直接向其转付上述款项，本院不再清退。案件公告费，由原告丁世会负担。如不服本判决，可在判决书送达之日起十五日内，向本院递交上诉状，并按对方当事人的人数提出副本，上诉于重庆市第五中级人民法院。                审  判  长     李亚兰人民陪审员     田光容人民陪审员     顾小利  二〇二一年八月三十日 书  记  员    陈  曦   - 1 -