陕西省西安市中级人民法院 民  事  裁  定  书   (2021)陕01民申595号再审申请人（原审原告）：北京备安科贸有限公司，住所地北京市丰台区。法定代表人：尹乐芳，系该公司执行董事兼总经理。委托诉讼代理人：刘跃，陕西泽成律师事务所律师。委托诉讼代理人：王佩，陕西泽成律师事务所律师。被申请人（原审被告）：陕西聚好物信息科技有限公司，住所地陕西省西安市高新区丈八街办金桥国际广场C座1107 室。 法定代表人：陆涛，系该公司董事长兼总经理。 被申请人（原审被告）：陆涛，男，1987年7月2日出生，汉族，住陕西省西安市雁塔区。再审申请人北京备安科贸有限公司（以下简称备安公司）因与被申请人陕西聚好物信息科技有限公司（以下简称聚好物公司）、陆涛买卖合同纠纷一案，不服西安市雁塔区人民法院（2021）陕0113民初4145号民事判决，向本院申请再审。本院依法组织合议庭进行了审查，现已审查终结。备安公司申请再审称，原判决认定申请人违约不享有法定解除权，缺乏证据证明用适用法律错误。因被申请人聚好物公司无法按照约定在生产工厂包装、交货，致使合同根本无法继续履行，在此种情况下，申请人与聚好物公司协商解除合同，并于2020年8月24日以微信发送解除通知书的形式提出要求退款，聚好物公司也于次日同意给申请人退款。此后，双方再未就产品质量以及其他问题进行商谈，仅仅就退款问题进行商谈。2020年8月31日聚好物公司的退款行为表明双方的合同已经解除。原审法院未就合同已经解除的事实进行审查，相反还认定因申请人不能按照合同约定付款故而认定申请人没有解除权，认为合同应当继续履行，事实认定和适用法律错误。被申请人陆涛仅是以聚好物公司的名义与申请人签订了合同，其系实际的收益人，应当与聚好物公司承担共同的还款责任。备安公司依据《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第二百条第二项、第六项规定申请再审。本院经审查认为，《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第一百六十四条第一款规定：“当事人不服地方人民法院第一审判决的，有权在判决书送达之日起十五日内向上一级人民法院提起上诉。”第一百六十八条规定：“第二审人民法院应当对上诉请求的有关事实和适用法律进行审查。”依据上述法律规定，两审终审制是我国民事诉讼的基本制度，当事人如认为一审判决错误，应当提起上诉，通过二审程序行使诉讼权利。也就是说，当事人对一审判决不服应首先选择民事诉讼审级制度设计内的常规救济程序即二审程序寻求救济。再审程序是针对生效判决可能出现的重要错误而赋予当事人的特别救济程序，如在穷尽了常规救济途径之后，当事人仍然认为生效裁判有错误的，可以向人民法院申请再审。对于可以通过二审程序得以救济的，却要越过二审程序通过审判监督寻求救济的，人民法院应不予支持，否则将变相鼓励或放纵不守诚信的当事人滥用再审程序，使特殊程序异化为普通程序，从而造成对司法资源的浪费，造成对两审终审制的破坏。本案中，备安公司虽然主张一审判决存在错误，但在法定上诉期限内未提起上诉，亦未提供客观上导致其不能行使诉权的合理理由，其放弃法律规定的常规性救济途径，即应承担该处分行为所致的失权后果。故，对备安公司的再审申请，本院依法不予支持。依照《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第二百零四条第一款，《最高人民法院关于适用的解释》第三百九十五条第二款规定，裁定如下： 驳回北京备安科贸有限公司的再审申请。                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         审 判 长  刘  晓  渭审  判  员  黄  金  华审  判  员  唐      辉 二○二一年八月十二日  书 记 员  张      莹   2021015951863108911101063443390161110791610131602021011341451