陕西省西安市中级人民法院 民  事  裁  定  书   (2020)陕01民申654号再审申请人（一审被告、二审上诉人)：张耀琪，男，1955年4月10日出生，汉族，住西安市雁塔区。委托诉讼代理人：王秀云，陕西呼建武律师事务所律师。委托诉讼代理人：罗曼，陕西呼建武律师事务所律师。被申请人（一审原告、二审被上诉人）：田建民，男，1964年9月1日出生，汉族，住西安市雁塔区。委托诉讼代理人：罗军峰，陕西君璟律师事务所律师。再审申请人张耀琪因与被申请人田建民民间借贷纠纷一案，不服本院（2019）陕01民终14335号民事判决（以下简称原判决），向本院申请再审。本院依法组织合议庭进行了审查，现已审查终结。张耀琪申请再审称，原一、二审判决认定的基本事实缺乏证据证明，且适用法律错误。（一）一、二审判决对本案的关键证据《借条》的性质，仅从形式审查并认定为民间借贷，却忽视了《借条》出具的背景及所隐含的担保性质。本案《借条》虽然在名义载明借款200万元，但从《借条》出个的背景及载明的“特别说明：以上借款待陈碧清交来租金后，在五日内支付田建民。此款不计任何利息。借款人承诺：在这期内不再停西院华东水电一事”内容来看，田建民所谓出借的200万元实际上是为华东公司欠付耀德公司200万元租金作出的先行支付的担保行为。一、二审判决对此事实认定不清。（二）华东公司全权委托陈碧清处理租赁事宜，陈碧清、田建民对此也完全认可，一、二审判决不顾事实前因后果，无视上述事实，认定《借条》约定的还款条件对被申请人不具有约束力，该事实认定严重违反客观事实。（三）一、二审判决未综合审查案涉《借条》所载明借款发笺原因、借贷双方的关系，将《借条》所载内容拆分审查，认定田建民以默示方式来回应借条中的还款条件，系适用法律错误。《借条》上的内容系双方协商一致的情况下产生的，系双方的真实意思表示，田建民收到借条后并未提出异议，且主动向张耀琪转款，表明其认可《借条》约定的内容，并非一审判决认定的“以默示方式来回应借条中的还款条件”。张耀琪依据《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第二百条第二项、第六项规定申请再审。田建民提交意见称，张耀琪的再审申请缺乏事实和法律依据，请求法院依法驳回。本院经审查认为，本案的争议焦点是涉案借条所载“以上借款待陈碧清交来租金后，在五日内支付田建民”的本意是否系双方对还款条件的有效约定，其对出借人田建民是否具有约束力。根据《中华人民共和国民法总则》第一百四十条规定：“行为人可以明示或者默示作出意思表示。沉默只有在法律规定、当事人约定或者符合当事人之间的交易习惯时，才可以视为意思表示。”本案中借条系张耀琪单方出具，且记载的还款条件系明显限制一方主要权利的内容，对此既无法律规定，也无当事人的约定，亦不符合双方之间的交易习惯，故不适用沉默作为意思表示的情形。田建民虽接收了张耀琪出具的借条，但既未对借条上的还款条件书面签字确认，亦未口头表示对该还款条件认可，故双方对还款条件的内容并未达成合意。因此，一、二审判决认定涉案借条中所附还款条件系借款人张耀琪的单方承诺，对出借人田建民不具有约束力，并无不妥，张耀琪以原判决认定的基本事实缺乏证据证明为由申请再审依据不足。且经审查，原判决并不存在《最高人民法院关于适用的解释》第三百九十条规定的情形，张耀琪认为原判决适用法律错误的再审事由不能成立。综上，原判决认定事实清楚，适用法律正确，张耀琪的再审申请不符合《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第二百条第二项、第六项规定的情形。依照《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第二百零四条第一款，《最高人民法院关于适用的解释》第三百九十五条第二款规定，裁定如下： 驳回张耀琪的再审申请。                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         审 判 长  刘  国  强审  判  员  唐      辉审  判  员  陈  媛  媛 二○二○年十二月十五日  书 记 员  张      莹  2020016541955041086255026101211955041033311964090169612124196409012277201901143351