陕西省西安市中级人民法院 民  事  裁  定  书   (2021)陕01民申444号再审申请人（原审原告) ：西安合尊汽车服务有限公司，住所地陕西省西安市雁塔区房。法定代表人：周亚雷，该公司执行董事兼总经理。委托诉讼代理人：王文涛，北京市中闻（西安）律师事务所律师。委托诉讼代理人：高宝红，北京市中闻（西安）律师事务所律师。被申请人（原审被告）：杨彦龙，男，汉族，1992年9月4日出生，住陕西省XX城县。再审申请人西安合尊汽车服务有限公司（以下简称合尊公司）因与被申请人杨彦龙租赁合同纠纷一案，不服西安市雁塔区人民法院（2020）陕0113民初14382号民事判决，向本院申请再审。本院依法组成合议庭进行了审查，现已审查终结。合尊公司申请再审称，1.一审法院对陕AXXXXX的车辆收益权属认定错误。双方对陕AXXXXX车辆的借调均无异议，申请人对陕AXXXXX车辆享有收益权利，并且可以依据合同主张处理违章的费用及车辆维修费。2.一审法院对因被申请人在租赁车辆使用期间造成的车辆维修费用不予认可是错误的。根据西安华隆达汽车服务有限公司结算清单和西安展鹏汽车服务有限公司维修结算清单，两份维修清单维修的车辆均系申请人租用的车辆，结算时间亦在申请人租赁期限内，完全可以证明维修车辆系被申请人使用造成的，车辆维修费用应由被申请人承担。3.一审法院仅支持陕AXXXXX号车辆的部分违章罚款，对其余违章和其余车辆的违章罚款未予以支持存在遗漏的情况。原审中申请人提供了陕AXXXXX号车辆的在被申请人使用期间的全部违章记录，共计产生罚款4500元，一审法院在判决中仅认定由被申请人承担3750元，明显遗漏事实。4.一审法院对陕AXXXXX号车辆租赁天数、租金标准和租赁费用计算错误。5.根据合同约定承租人应该承担车辆维修期间的租赁费用的100%，一审法院对陕AXXXXX号车辆维修期间的租赁费未予以支持，但未说明理由。合尊公司提交新证据如下：1.维修结算清单和陕西省增值税普通发票，证明被申请人承租陕AXXXXX号车辆使用期间造成车辆损伤，申请人因此支付维修费共500元，被申请人应予赔偿；2.车辆违章信息详情截图，证明被申请人承租的陕AXXXXX号车辆使用期间因违章共计产生扣15分和罚款1400元结果，被申请人的违章行为给申请人造成了共计3650元的经济损失，原判决对此没有查明。合尊公司依据《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第二百条第一项规定申请再审。本院经审查认为，《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第一百六十四条第一款规定：“当事人不服地方人民法院第一审判决的，有权在判决书送达之日起十五日内向上一级人民法院提起上诉。”第一百六十八条规定：“第二审人民法院应当对上诉请求的有关事实和适用法律进行审查。”依据上述法律规定，两审终审制是我国民事诉讼的基本制度，当事人如认为一审判决错误，应当提起上诉，通过二审程序行使诉讼权利。也就是说，当事人对一审判决不服应首先选择民事诉讼审级制度设计内的常规救济程序即二审程序，寻求权利的救济。再审程序是针对生效判决可能出现的重要错误而赋予当事人的特别救济程序，如在穷尽了常规救济途径之后，当事人仍然认为生效裁判有错误的，可以向人民法院申请再审。对于可以通过二审程序得以救济的，却要越过二审程序通过审判监督寻求救济的，人民法院应不予支持，否则将变相鼓励或放纵不守诚信的当事人滥用再审程序，使特殊程序异化为普通程序，从而造成对司法资源的浪费，造成对两审终审制的破坏。本案中，合尊公司虽然对一审判决不服，但并未依法提起上诉，表明其认可一审判决认定的基本事实及判决结果，其现对原判决申请再审，于法有悖，本院依法不予支持。 依照《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第二百零四条第一款，《最高人民法院关于适用的解释》第三百九十五条第二款规定，裁定如下： 驳回西安合尊汽车服务有限公司的再审申请。                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      审 判 长  刘  晓  渭审  判  员  唐      辉审  判  员  陈  媛  媛 二○二一年六月二十一日  书 记 员  张      莹  202101444916101353517112691992090461052619920904611020200113143821