陕西省西安市中级人民法院 民  事  判 决 书   （2021）陕01民终7876号 上诉人（原审被告）：陈俞西。委托诉讼代理人：史玉凤，陕西维谨律师事务所律师。被上诉人（原审原告）：刘爽。委托诉讼代理人：张鸽，陕西新庆律师事务所律师。委托诉讼代理人：杨程，陕西新庆律师事务所律师。上诉人陈俞西因与被上诉人刘爽合同纠纷一案，不服西安市长安区人民法院（2020)陕0116民初14657号民事判决，向本院提起上诉。本院于2021年3月17日立案后，依照《全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于授权最高人民法院在部分地区开展民事诉讼程序繁简分流改革试点工作的决定》之规定，本案适用普通程序，由审判员季立耘独任审理。本案现已审理终结。陈俞西上诉请求：1.撤销一审判决，改判驳回刘爽全部诉讼请求或发回重审；2.一、二审诉讼费由刘爽承担。事实和理由：1.一审法院认定本案为合同纠纷非合伙纠纷错误。本案系其与刘爽等4人履行合伙协议而引发的诉讼，案由应确定为合伙纠纷；其在一审中提出应清算合伙账务，一审法院认定系另一法律关系可另行处理，该认定错误；2.《承诺说明》系其受陆琳、侯攀、刘爽胁迫签署，并非其真实意思，也并非各方对合伙事项的最终约定；且由其以个人财产向其他3名合伙人退还股本，不合情理。刘爽辩称，1.一审法院认定本案为合同纠纷且不应一并清算合伙账务并无不妥。《承诺说明》是4方自愿签订，明确达成了新的合意，合伙人也全部签名确认，合法有效；2.其并未胁迫陈俞西签署《承诺说明》，该份《承诺说明》为各方对合伙事项的最终约定。陈俞西在一审中提交的录音证据，且事后并未报警，足以证明其与其他合伙人均未对陈俞西造成任何威胁，均是在自愿情形下做出的真实意思表示；陈俞西未按承诺于2020年8月30日之前退还其原始股本，已构成违约。故，陈俞西的上诉请求不能成立，应予驳回；一审判决认定事实清楚，适用法律正确，应予维持。刘爽向一审法院起诉请求：陈俞西按约定返还其投资款13.8万元。                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      一审法院认定事实：2019年9月25日，刘爽与陆琳、侯攀以及陈俞西共同签订《米洛花园合作协议书》，约定，四人共同投资经营位于西安市高新区信息大道1号林隐天下24幢1单元10103室的西安市高新区米洛鲜花店（简称米洛花园），总投资60万元，陆琳出资13.2万元占总出资额22%，侯攀出资12万元占总出资额20%，刘爽出资13.8万元占总出资额23%，陈俞西出资21万元占总出资额35%。四人均已履行完各自的出资义务。该花店工商登记为个体工商户，登记的经营者为陈俞西，登记时间2018年2月14日。后因产生争议，2020年1月11日陈俞西出具《承诺说明》,承诺米洛花园（即案涉花店）自2020年1月11日开始转让，如果在2020年8月30日前该花店没有转让出去，其愿意退还刘爽和陆琳、侯攀在加入米洛花园的原始股本，8月30日当日支付。该四人作为股东签名确认，陈俞西又单独作为承诺人签名确认。2020年7月11日，该四人曾协商花店转让事宜，陈俞西对协商过程进行了录音。而后案涉花店在2020年8月30日前未转让，实际经营至2020年8月31日因经营用房租赁到期而停止经营。但陈俞西至今未按承诺退还刘爽以及陆琳、侯攀的股本，该3人分别诉至法院，要求陈俞西按照承诺分别退还各自的投资款。一审法院认为，在经营案涉花店期间，陈俞西出具《承诺说明》，承诺在期限内，若案涉花店未能转让，则由其退还刘爽加入时的原始股本，该《承诺说明》是双方当事人自愿签订，是双方当事人真实意思表示，合法有效。因陈俞西未能履行退款义务而引发诉讼，所以案件的案由应为合同纠纷。在实际经营中，案涉花店未能按照《承诺说明》约定的期限转让，陈俞西给刘爽退还原始股本的条件已成就，理应按照承诺给刘爽退还原始股本，刘爽要求陈俞西退还投资款的请求应予支持。因为刘爽、陈俞西以及陆琳、侯攀4人在经营案涉花店中是合伙关系，所经营的花店系个体工商户，领取有营业执照，在实际经营活动中，对外应以该个体工商户主张权利承担义务，但在合伙内部，4人均为独立的民事主体。案件中，陈俞西出具《承诺说明》涉及的是由其给其余3人退还原始股本的事项，属于4人合伙内部事宜，所以在签订该《承诺说明》时，陈俞西仅是作为其个人参与协商并签名确认，且在《承诺说明》中，其4人均作为股东进行了签名，陈俞西又作为承诺人再次签名确认，所以应由陈俞西个人承担《承诺说明》所约定的退款义务。陈俞西辩称是代表米洛花园签订《承诺说明》的意见，不能成立，不予采信。陈俞西辩称，在签订该《承诺说明》时受到了刘爽和陆琳、侯攀的胁迫以及该3人阻挡案涉花店的转让，因该3人否认，陈俞西提交的证据并不能证明其主张，不予采信。案件争议仅是陈俞西是否应按承诺履行退款义务，而并未涉及4人的合伙账务，合伙账务是否清算并不影响刘爽依据《承诺说明》主张权利。至于陈俞西所诉合伙账务清算一节，因和案件的合同纠纷不属同一法律关系，所以案件不予涉及，可另行处理。综上，一审法院依据《中华人民共和国合同法》第四十四条、第六十条、第一百零七条规定，作出判决：陈俞西在判决生效后十日内给刘爽返还投资款13.8万元。如果未按判决指定的期间履行给付金钱义务，应当按照《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第二百五十三条规定，加倍支付迟延履行期间的债务利息。案件受理费3060元（刘爽已预交），减半收取1530元，由陈俞西承担并在给付上述案款时一并直接交付给刘爽。本院二审查明的事实与一审法院查明的事实相同。本院认为，二审中，当事人争议的焦点问题为：刘爽与陈俞西之间的基础法律关系应如何认定？《承诺说明》能否作为认定案件事实的依据？ 本案中，陈俞西作为业经工商行政管理部门登记的西安市高新区米洛鲜花店的经营者及实际经营人，与刘爽及案外人陆琳、侯攀4人共同签署了《承诺说明》，并在“承诺人”处签字，承诺“我愿意退还米洛花园股东陆琳、刘爽、侯攀在加入米洛花园的原始股本，按合同比例支付！”。结合股东前期共同签订的《米洛花园合作协议书》内容，该《承诺说明》应系合作四方当事人就前期合作终止、花店转让、股东股本清退等事项所作的共同约定。案涉《米洛花园合作协议书》及《承诺说明》系当事人对各自权利的处分，对各方当事人均具有法律上的约束力。一审法院认定本案系合同纠纷，并无不当。陈俞西虽以其受胁迫签署《承诺说明》为由抗辩，但未提供充分有效证据加以证明，陈俞西该上诉理由，本院依法不予采信。陈俞西作为具有完全民事行为能力的成年人，理应知晓在《承诺说明》上签字确认、承诺退款的法律后果。一审法院认定《承诺说明》合法有效，并无不当，就本案所作处理，亦无不妥。综上所述，陈俞西之上诉请求不能成立，应予驳回；一审判决应予维持。依照《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第一百七十条第一款第（一）项规定，判决如下：驳回上诉，维持原判。二审案件受理费3060元，由上诉人陈俞西负担。本判决为终审判决。  审   判   员    季 立 耘                        二○二一年六月七日 书   记   员   张    典  附件：《民事诉讼程序繁简分流改革试点实施办法》第十八条  第二审人民法院审理上诉案件应当组成合议庭审理。但事实清楚、法律适用明确的下列案件，可以由法官一人独任审理：（一）第一审适用简易程序审理结案的；（二）不服民事裁定的。第二十七条 本办法仅适用于北京、上海市辖区内中级人民法院、基层人民法院，南京、苏州、杭州、宁波、合肥、福州、厦门、济南、郑州、洛阳、武汉、广州、深圳、成都、贵阳、昆明、西安、银川市中级人民法院及其辖区内基层人民法院，北京、上海、广州知识产权法院，上海金融法院，北京、杭州、广州互联网法院。本办法所称的人民法院，是指纳入试点的人民法院；所称的第二审人民法院，包括纳入试点的中级人民法院、知识产权法院和金融法院；所称的中级人民法院、基层人民法院包括试点地区内的铁路运输中级法院和基层法院。     1