陕西省西安市中级人民法院 民  事  判 决 书   （2021）陕01民终8992号 上诉人（原审被告）：陕西中南生物科技有限公司。法定代表人：杨龙群，该公司总经理。委托诉讼代理人：樊天龙，男，该公司法务部员工。被上诉人（原审原告）：张琦。委托诉讼代理人：赖姿羽，泰和泰（西安）律师事务所律师。上诉人陕西中南生物科技有限公司（以下简称中南公司）因与被上诉人张琦合同纠纷一案，不服西安市碑林区人民法院（2020）陕0103民初9655号民事判决，向本院提起上诉。本院于2021年4月7日立案后，依照《全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于授权最高人民法院在部分地区开展民事诉讼程序繁简分流改革试点工作的决定》之规定，本案适用普通程序，由审判员季立耘独任审理。本案现已审理终结。中南公司上诉请求：1.撤销一审判决第一项，依法改判或发回重审；2.一、二审诉讼费由张琦承担。事实和理由：一审法院查明认定事实不清。其公司与张琦自签订《特约经销商合同书》后，按照合同约定全面履行了自己的义务，张琦支付货款后，其公司已将张琦所需产品配齐，因张琦无仓库存储遂请求将产品存放于其公司处；该批产品所有权归属张琦所有，张琦无权请求退款；一审法院认定其公司未履行催告义务不正确，其公司无需履行催告义务，因为约定其公司仅需等待电话通知发货即可，所以张琦应当按照约定请求其公司发货；即便应该退款也应按照合同约定的第九条第十一项折价处理，并非全额退款，产品均有保质期，折价处理更符合公平原则。张琦辩称，1.中南公司未在上诉期内提交上诉状，上诉期已过，一审判决已经生效，中南公司对于已经生效的判决书没有上诉权；2.一审法院已经查清，其因前两次采购中南公司的产品滞销，未再向该公司采购其他产品，双方签订的《特约经销商合同书》已于2019年9月12日到期，中南公司应退还其剩余货款；3.中南公司认为该批产品的所有权已归属于其所有，纯属无稽之谈。其并未采购剩余产品，中南公司也并未交付产品，不存在所有权转移之说。故，中南公司的上诉请求不能成立，应予驳回；一审判决认定事实清楚，适用法律正确，应予维持。张琦向一审法院起诉请求：1.判令中南公司退还剩余货款52000元及利息（利息自2018年9月28日起按中国人民银行同期贷款利率计算至款项清偿完毕之日止）；2.诉讼费、保全费、保全担保费等相关费用由中南公司承担。                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  一审法院认定事实：2018年9月13日张琦（乙方）与中南公司（甲方）签订《特约经销商合同书》，约定，甲方授权乙方在新疆哈密市以“终南﹒独一方”经销连锁专卖店形式进行经营，该经销连锁专卖店为基本店；合同期限一年；乙方经销连锁专卖店经营产品必须由甲方提供、配备；乙方每次订货，需提前5日以书面形式发出订货清单；甲方在收到乙方货款后七日内发货；合同签订生效之日，乙方须向甲方一次性交纳首次货款；基本店首次货款59800元，保证金10000元；甲、乙双方任何一方违约需承担总货款20%违约金；等。同日双方签订附件一：《费用明细与支付方式》，约定，签订《特约经销商合同书》时，乙方向甲方支付20000元，剩余尾款肆万元于15日内补齐。签订合同书当日，张琦向中南公司指定账户转款2万元。同年9月27日张琦向中南公司指定账户转账4万元。同年10月24日、同年12月13日中南公司根据张琦要求向张琦发送价值15233.8元的产品。此后张琦要求中南公司退回剩余货款，双方协商未果。一审法院认为，张琦与中南公司签订的《特约经销商合同书》及附件，是当事人真实意思表示，合法有效。双方均应按合同约定履行义务。张琦向中南公司支付的6万元，根据合同书及附件的约定，应认定为5万元货款，1万元保证金。根据双方供货情节看来，该5万元货款应为张琦一定经营期间的总货款，张琦根据其经营需要向中南公司发送订单，中南公司分批发货。但中南公司根据张琦要求于2018年10月、12月两次发货后，再未发货。张琦称中南公司未按合同约定及时发货，但其未提交其5万元货款所对应的供货清单或者2018年12月之后其向中南公司提交的供货清单及催发货的相关证据，故张琦的主张不能成立。张琦在合同履行期间未及时向中南公司提交剩余货物的发货清单，张琦以其行为表明其已无意继续履行合同。张琦对履行合同的消极行为已构成实质违约，应承担相应违约责任。中南公司在张琦未及时交付供货清单时未履行催告义务，至今双方合同早已届满，中南公司应将张琦已交货款的余额向张琦返还，保证金扣除合同约定的违约金6953.2元（34766.2×20%）后中南公司应将余额返还张琦。一审法院依照《中华人民共和国合同法》第四十四条第一款、第六十条第一款、第一百零七条、第一百一十四条第一款规定，作出判决：一、判决生效之日起十五日内，陕西中南生物科技有限公司向张琦返还货款34766.2元、保证金3046.8元。二、驳回张琦其余诉讼请求。如未按判决指定的期间履行上述金钱给付义务，应当依照《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第二百五十三条规定，加倍支付迟延履行期间的债务利息。案件受理费1100元减半收取550元由张琦负担165元，陕西中南生物科技有限公司负担385元（此款张琦已预交，陕西中南生物科技有限公司随上述款项一并向张琦支付385元）。二审中，当事人没有提交新证据。查明，中南公司于2020年12月24日签收一审判决，上诉状载明的日期为2021年1月7日，中南公司交纳二审案件受理费的日期为2021年1月7日。本院二审查明的事实与一审法院查明的事实相同。本院认为，民事主体的财产权利以及其他合法权益受法律保护。二审中，双方当事人争议的焦点问题为：一审法院判令中南公司退还货款及返还部分保证金是否妥当？经核，中南公司提起上诉未超过法定期限。本案中，一审法院已经查明，张琦与中南公司签订《特约经销商合同书》及附件、张琦支付中南公司60000元、中南公司根据张琦要求发货2次后再未发货等事实。一审法院依据双方当事人陈述、在案证据材料，结合双方合同约定、实际履行情况，以及张琦未继续订货、合同已期满、中南公司未再发货亦未退还剩余货款等情形，判令中南公司退还张琦剩余货款及酌情返还部分保证金，公平合理，并无不妥。中南公司之上诉理由，本院依法不予采信。综上所述，中南公司之上诉请求不能成立，应予驳回；一审判决应予维持。依照《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第一百七十条第一款第（一）项规定，判决如下：驳回上诉，维持原判。二审案件受理费770元，由上诉人陕西中南生物科技有限公司负担。本判决为终审判决。  审   判   员    季 立 耘                        二○二一年六月二十八日 书   记   员   张    典  附件：《民事诉讼程序繁简分流改革试点实施办法》第十八条  第二审人民法院审理上诉案件应当组成合议庭审理。但事实清楚、法律适用明确的下列案件，可以由法官一人独任审理：（一）第一审适用简易程序审理结案的；（二）不服民事裁定的。第二十七条 本办法仅适用于北京、上海市辖区内中级人民法院、基层人民法院，南京、苏州、杭州、宁波、合肥、福州、厦门、济南、郑州、洛阳、武汉、广州、深圳、成都、贵阳、昆明、西安、银川市中级人民法院及其辖区内基层人民法院，北京、上海、广州知识产权法院，上海金融法院，北京、杭州、广州互联网法院。本办法所称的人民法院，是指纳入试点的人民法院；所称的第二审人民法院，包括纳入试点的中级人民法院、知识产权法院和金融法院；所称的中级人民法院、基层人民法院包括试点地区内的铁路运输中级法院和基层法院。    1