陕西省西安市中级人民法院 民  事  裁  定  书 (2019)陕01民申713号 再审申请人（原审被告）：李晖，女，1968年8月14日出生，汉族，住西安市雁塔区。再审申请人（原审被告）：西安旺又吉商贸有限责任公司，住所地西安市莲湖区、10503室。法定代表人：李晖，系该公司总经理。共同委托诉讼代理人：袁振兴（该公司法律顾问），男，1949年5月12日出生，汉族，住西安市新城区。被申请人（原审原告）：金博觉，男，1992年7月27日，汉族，住辽宁省辽中县，现住西安市未央区。？再审申请人李晖、旺又吉公司申请再审称，（一）李晖与金博觉于2017年9月21日签订的《借款协议》应依法会议室无效。涉案借款300万元没有证据证明系金博觉的个人合法收入，借款利息高达月息12%、年息144%，逾期利息高达月息36%、年息432%，属于高利贷，金博觉为职业放贷人，违法放贷，应依法认定借款协议无效。（二）原判决认定旺又吉公司为共同借款人既超出申请人的诉讼请求范围，又适用法律错误。申请人李晖虽为旺又吉公司的法定代表人，已认可该笔借款为法定代表人的个人借款，并不是旺又吉公司的借款，原判决认定旺又吉公司为共同借款人显属适用法律严重错误。（三）原审判决二位申请人共同支付被申请人利息及逾期利息366060元既超出被申请人的诉讼请求范围，又属于适用法律错误。被申请人未主张2017年9月21日至2017年10月11日借款期限内利息，也未主张2018年4月16日之后的迟延履行利息，原审判决支付利息37050元及逾期利息329010元，超出被申请人的诉讼请求范围。四、借款合同中未约定利息及迟延履行利息，应以同期银行贷款利率计息，原审以年息24%计算逾期利息错误。李晖、旺又吉公司依据《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第二百条第二项、第六项、第十一项规定申请再审。金博觉提交意见称，申请人在领取一审判决书后放弃行使法律赋予的上诉权利，应视为申请人接受一审判决结果，不应利用特殊救济机制寻求救济，原判决认定事实正确，恳请驳回申请人的再审申请。本院经审查认为, 《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第一百六十四条第一款规定：“当事人不服地方人民法院第一审判决的，有权在判决书送达之日起十五日内向上一级人民法院提起上诉。”第一百六十八条规定：“第二审人民法院应当对上诉请求的有关事实和适用法律进行审查。”依据上述法律规定，两审终审制是我国民事诉讼的基本制度，当事人如认为一审判决错误，应当提起上诉，通过二审程序行使诉讼权利。也就是说，当事人对一审判决不服应首先选择民事诉讼审级制度设计内的常规救济程序即二审程序，寻求权利的救济。再审程序是针对生效判决可能出现的重要错误而赋予当事人的特别救济程序，如在穷尽了常规救济途径之后，当事人仍然认为生效裁判有错误的，可以向人民法院申请再审。对于可以通过二审程序得以救济的，却要越过二审程序通过审判监督寻求救济的，人民法院应不予支持，否则将变相鼓励或放纵不守诚信的当事人滥用再审程序，使特殊程序异化为普通程序，从而造成对司法资源的浪费，造成对两审终审制的破坏。本案中，原审法院于2018年12月6日向李晖、旺又吉公司宣判并当庭送达判决书，李晖、旺又吉公司在明知不服原审判决可以上诉的情况下，并未提出上诉，表明其认可一审判决认定的基本事实及判决结果，其现对原判决申请再审，于法有悖，本院依法不予支持。依照《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第二百零四条第一款，《最高人民法院关于适用中华人民共和国民事诉讼法>的解释》第三百九十五条第二款规定，裁定如下：驳回李晖、西安旺又吉商贸有限责任公司的再审申请。                                     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