陕西省西安市中级人民法院 民  事  裁  定  书   (2021)陕01民申297号再审申请人（一审被告、二审上诉人）：柏敏谦，男，1951年11月30日出生，汉族，住西安市长安区。委托诉讼代理人：柏芝花，（系柏敏谦之女），1976年10月7日出生，汉族，住西安市新城区。被申请人（一审原告、二审被上诉人）：刘艳，女，1964年4月14日出生，汉族，住西安市莲湖区。委托诉讼代理人：施梦茹，（系刘艳之女），1991年8月7日出生，汉族，住西安市雁塔区。委托诉讼代理人：刘茜，女，1989年5月1日出生，汉族，住西安市莲湖区。原审被告：刘某某，男，1965年7月25日出生，汉族，住西安市长安区。再审申请人柏敏谦因与被申请人刘艳、原审被告刘某某民间借贷纠纷一案，不服本院（2020）陕01民终10352号民事判决，向本院申请再审。本院依法组成合议庭进行了审查，现已审查终结。柏敏谦申请再审称，（一）一、二审法院认为被申请人起诉时为借款履行期限届满没有法律依据，认为申请人没有受到胁迫是错误的。现提交新的证据予以证明：1.刘某某出具的《情况说明》一份，证明2016年4月23日所打借条刘艳与刘某某口头约定还款期限为一年，2016年12月27日申请人所写担保字据是在刘艳的强迫下所写，且已过了保证期间。2. 柏敏谦与刘艳、何某、刘某某及刘艳之女的谈话录音一份，在该录音中刘艳多次承认借款期是一年，证明2016年4月23日的条子借款期限是一年，借款履行期限届满的时间应为2017年4月23日前，申请人的保证期间应当从2017年4月23日起算，故到本案起诉时申请人的保证期间已经过。（二）未经质证的证据，不能作为认定案件事实的依据。一审判决将刘某某在庭审后提交的证据及陈述作为认定事实的依据，但未组织申请人及被申请人进行了质证，属于程序违法。柏敏谦依据《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第二百条第一项、第二项、第四项、第六项规定申请再审。刘艳提交意见称，柏敏谦申请再审的理由均不成立。本院经审查认为，合法的借贷关系受法律保护。刘某某分别于2013年12月24日及2014年1月24日向刘艳出具借条，刘艳先后向刘某某转款108万元，双方之间形成合法有效的借贷关系。经对前期借款本金及利息重新结算，2016年4月23日刘某某再次向刘艳出具借条，约定刘某某向刘艳借款的本金为1517600元，柏敏谦于2016年12月27日向刘艳出具担保承诺，载明“刘某某借刘艳的款数壹佰壹拾万，利息由两人定，我负责担保”。因该借条中双方未约定借款期限、保证范围及保证期间，债权人可以随时向债务人主张权利，又因刘某某、柏敏谦不能提供有效证据证明本次借款的借款期限，原审将刘艳起诉的时间确定为借款履行期限届满的时间于法有据，柏敏谦作为保证人的保证期间也应从本次借款履行期限届满时起算，故柏敏谦的保证期间并未经过，原审据此判决柏敏谦对本案借款承担连带清偿责任，并无不当。关于柏敏谦申请再审提交的新证据，1.刘某某出具的证明，该证据系证人证言，因证人刘某某与柏敏谦存在利害关系且未到庭接受质询，本院依法不予采纳；2. 柏敏谦与刘艳、何某、刘某某及刘艳之女的谈话录音，因该证据在一审中已经举证、质证，故不属于新的证据。且经审查，原判决不存在认定事实的主要证据未经质证的情形。综上，柏敏谦的再审申请不符合《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第二百条第一项、第二项、第四项、第六项规定的情形。依照《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第二百零四条第一款，《最高人民法院关于适用的解释》第三百九十五条第二款规定，裁定如下： 驳回柏敏谦的再审申请。                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  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