新疆生产建设兵团第十师中级人民法院   民 事 判 决 书     （2020）兵10民终69号   上诉人（原审被告）：侍育政，男， 1964年9月15日出生，住新疆阿勒泰市巴里巴盖一八一团。   被上诉人（原审原告）：张庆功，男， 1970年10月13日出生，住新疆北屯市。   上诉人侍育政因与被上诉人张庆功买卖合同纠纷一案，不服新疆生产建设兵团巴里巴盖垦区人民法院（2019）兵1002民初354号民事判决，向本院提起上诉。本院于2020年7月1日立案后，依法组成合议庭，开庭进行了审理。上诉人侍育政、被上诉人张庆功到庭参加诉讼。因受新疆肺炎疫情影响，本案于7月29日中止诉讼。于同年9月14日恢复审理。本案现已审理终结。   侍育政上诉请求：请求撤销一审判决，改判驳回被上诉人的诉讼请求。事实和理由：一、双方发生争议后，司法所工作人员通知上诉人到司法所，因为司法人员的非法干预的，上诉人签订的借款协议书不具有真实性；二、2017年底，被上诉人张庆功回收了上诉人320亩地的旧滴灌带，不是一审法院认定的70亩，应按每亩20元的标准进行折抵；三、因被上诉人销售的滴灌带存在质量问题给上诉人造成了损失，蓄意谎报只回收了70亩滴灌带，给上诉人造成了损失，不应向被上诉人支付利息。                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                张庆功辩称：借款协议书是在滴灌带厂打印签字的，不是在司法所，不存在非法干预的情形；上诉人提出滴灌带有质量问题，不认可；上诉人应支付相应的利息；请求二审驳回上诉，维持原判。   张庆功向一审法院起诉请求：依法判令侍育政支付货款  8 500元、利息2 550元。   一审法院认定事实：2017年4月8日，侍育政因种地资金不足，在张庆功处以每卷212.50元的价格赊购滴灌带40卷，价值8 500元，并于同日向张庆功出具借款协议书一份，双方口头约定于2017年5月贷款发放后支付货款。在使用过程中，侍育政发现部分滴灌带存在漏水现象，遂告知了张庆功。张庆功前往现场进行了查看，并安排工人对漏水的滴灌带进行了更换。在张庆功索要货款时，侍育政以滴灌带存在质量问题给其造成损失为由拒绝付款，所欠货款8 500元拖欠至今。2017年年底，张庆功回收了侍育政70亩土地的旧滴灌带，按照双方通常作法，在来年侍育政再次从张庆功处购买滴灌带时，回收的旧滴灌带可折抵相应加工费。至本案诉讼期间，侍育政未再从张庆功处购买滴灌带，张庆功对于从侍育政处回收的旧滴灌带亦未折抵相应价款给付侍育政。   一审法院认为，一、张庆功是否回收了侍育政300亩地的旧滴灌带；二、张庆功销售给侍育政的滴灌带是否存在质量问题；三、侍育政未按约定期限支付货款是否应当支付利息损失。   一、张庆功是否回收了侍育政300亩地的旧滴灌带，回收的旧滴灌带是否应折抵相应货款。侍育政辩称张庆功的工人王士侠在2017年年底回收了其300亩土地的旧滴灌带，应折抵所欠货款，但并未就此出示相应证据；侍育政为此向一审法院提出延期举证的申请，在准许后，侍育政仍未能对此提供相应证据予以证实。《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国民事诉讼法〉的解释》第九十条规定：“当事人对自己提出的诉讼请求所依据的事实或者反驳对方诉讼请求所依据的事实，应当提供证据加以证明，但法律另有规定的除外。在作出判决前，当事人未能提供证据或者证据不足以证明其事实主张的，由负有举证证明责任的当事人承担不利的后果。”故一审法院对于侍育政所称张庆功回收其300亩土地的旧滴灌带的事实不予确认。张庆功自认其回收了侍育政70亩土地的旧滴灌带，并愿意按每亩20元的标准折抵相应的滴灌带款，属于对其权利的处分，一审法院对此予以确认。扣除70亩土地旧滴灌带折价款1 400元后，侍育政还应向张庆功支付7 100元。   二、张庆功销售给侍育政的滴灌带是否存在质量问题。侍育政辩称从张庆功处购买的滴灌带存在质量问题，在使用过程中存在漏水现象。张庆功表示在侍育政反映滴灌带问题后，张庆功已到侍育政种植的土地进行了现场查看，在侍育政的打瓜地中铺设的滴灌带，确有十余处漏点，但没有查明漏水的原因；张庆功已经安排工作人员对漏水的滴灌带进行了更换。张庆功、侍育政对此均未提供其他相应证据予以证实。因此，仅根据双方口头陈述，对于滴灌带是否在交付时即存在质量问题无法做出认定。《中华人民共和国合同法》第一百六十一条规定：买受人应当按照约定的时间支付价款。对支付时间没有约定或者约定不明确，依照本法第六十一条的规定仍不能确定的，买受人应当在收到标的物或者提取标的物单证的同时支付。张庆功、侍育政约定在当年5月份贷款发放时支付货款，侍育政未按约定时间付款构成违约，张庆功要求侍育政支付滴灌带款8 500元的诉讼请求符合法律规定，一审法院予以支持。侍育政辩称张庆功交付的滴灌带存在质量问题，但并未提供相应证据，也未向法庭明确因滴灌带质量问题给其造成损失的具体数额，侍育政不能以此作为拒绝支付货款的理由。侍育政如有相应证据可以证实张庆功交付的滴灌带存在质量问题并给侍育政造成损失，可与张庆功另行协商或诉讼解决。   三、侍育政未按约定期限支付货款是否应当支付利息损失。   2017年4月8日，侍育政向张庆功出具借款协议书，约定“自2017年4月8日至2017年4月30日，由出借方提供借款方借款人民币8 500元”。但签订借款协议书后，张庆功并未向侍育政以现金或转账等方式提供借款，而是由张庆功向侍育政提供了价值8 500元的滴灌带。《中华人民共和国合同法》第一百九十六条规定：借款合同是借款人向贷款人借款，到期返还借款并支付利息的合同。第一百三十条规定：买卖合同是出卖人转移标的物的所有权于买受人，买受人支付价款的合同。因此，本案中张庆功与侍育政之间签订的借款协议书实际上为滴灌带买卖合同。双方并以口头方式约定侍育政在当年5月份贷款发放后支付货款。张庆功已经履行了向侍育政交付滴灌带的义务，但侍育政未按约定时间向张庆功支付货款。根据《中华人民共和国合同法》第一百六十一条规定：“买受人应当按照约定的时间支付价款。对支付时间没有约定或者约定不明确，依照本法第六十一条的规定仍不能确定的，买受人应当在收到标的物或者提取标的物单证的同时支付。”《最高人民法院关于审理买卖合同纠纷案件适用法律问题的解释》第二十四条第四款规定：买卖合同没有约定逾期付款违约金或者该违约金的计算方法，出卖人以买受人违约为由主张赔偿逾期付款损失的，人民法院可以中国人民银行同期同类人民币贷款基准利率为基础，参照逾期罚息利率标准计算。侍育政未按约定时间在2017年5月30日前支付贷款构成违约，一审法院对张庆功要求侍育政赔偿利息损失的诉讼请求中符合法律规定的部分予以支持。   依照《中华人民共和国合同法》第一百五十九条、第一百六十一条、第一百零九条，《最高人民法院关于审理买卖合同纠纷案件适用法律问题的解释》第二十四条第四款，《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国民事诉讼法〉的解释》第九十条的规定，判决：侍育政偿付张庆功滴灌带款7 100元，并赔偿张庆功2017年6月1日至判决确定给付之日的利息损失（以本金     7 100元为基准，按照中国人民银行同期同类人民币贷款基准利率计算），于判决生效后三日内付清。   本院二审审理期间，上诉人侍育政申请证人王士侠出庭作证，王士侠称：自己受雇于张庆功，张庆功至今尚欠自己工资七万多元。2017年秋，根据安排，自己和其他雇工到上诉人的地里回收旧滴灌带，回收的时候，给上诉人打电话了。先后回收了上诉人种植的麦子地、葵花地和打瓜地里的旧滴灌带毛管，其中葵花80亩、打瓜地80亩，麦子地40亩（麦子一亩按二亩算），一共回收了320亩。回收结束后，没有向上诉人出具回收证明。经质证，被上诉人对证人回收上诉人滴灌带毛管的事实无异议，提出是2016年回收的，不是2017年，2017年只回收了70亩地，王士侠向自己的报告的也是70亩。证人王士侠作证称回收了被上诉人320亩旧滴灌带毛管，其在原审提交的记账本中没有相关的回收记录，上诉人也未提交土地承包合同等予以印证，故对证人证言不予认可。经二审审理查明的事实与一审认定事实一致。   本院认为，上诉人侍育政从被上诉人张庆功处赊购价值  8 500元的40卷滴灌带，双方之间形成的买卖合同合法有效，被上诉人已向上诉人交付滴灌带，上诉人应支付货款。对被上诉人回收的旧滴灌带毛管，可从货款中扣减。关于借款协议是否存在非法干预的情形，在原审诉讼中，上诉人同其他农户对借款协议书均未提出异议。在案件发回重审后，其辩称司法所非法干预，未提供证据证实，本院不予采纳。关于回收的旧滴灌带毛管的数量，上诉人称被上诉人回收了320亩，其在二审提供的证人证言不足以证明其抗辩主张，应由其承担不利后果。一审法院按被上诉人自认的70亩确认回收的旧滴灌带数量，符合法律规定，折抵后，上诉人还应支付货款7 100元。上诉人未按约定时间向被上诉人支付货款，应承担违约责任，一审法院按中国人民银行同期同类人民币贷款基准利率计算逾期付款损失，符合法律规定。关于被上诉人销售的滴灌带是否存在质量问题，上诉人可与被上诉人另行协商或诉讼解决。   综上，侍育政的各上诉理由均不能成立，应予驳回；一审判决认定事实清楚，适用法律正确，应予维持。依照《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第一百七十条第一款第一项规定，判决如下：   驳回上诉，维持原判。   二审案件受理费50元，由侍育政负担。   本判决为终审判决。           审  判  长    蓝 文 瑜                      审  判  员    徐  雷                      审  判  员    刘 文 胜       二〇二〇年九月二十二日       法官助理    郑 丰 华             书  记  员    宗  琦     1