西安市中级人民法院西安市中级人民法院民事裁定书 (2018)陕01民申657号 再审申请人（原审被告）：翁利新，男，1979年8月31日出生，汉族，住西安市莲湖区。委托诉讼代理人：张焱，陕西合恒律师事务所律师。再审申请人（原审被告）：张利华，女，1979年7月26日出生，汉族，住西安市莲湖区。委托诉讼代理人：张焱，陕西合恒律师事务所律师。被申请人（原审原告）：陈文利，男，1966年5月30日出生，汉族，住西安市西咸新区沣东新城。被申请人（原审被告）：荣艳，女，1982年9月28日出生，汉族，住西安市莲湖区桃园路。被申请人（原审被告）：王刚，男，1979年2月4日出生，汉族，住西安市莲湖区。再审申请人翁利新、张利华因与被申请人陈文利、荣艳、王刚民间借贷纠纷一案，不服西安市莲湖区人民法院（2017）陕0104民初5406号民事判决，向本院申请再审。本院依法组成合议庭进行了审查，现已审查终结。翁利新、张利华申请再审称，（一）原审法院在有其联系方式的情况下，未通知其领取判决书，违法公告送达，剥夺了其上诉及辩论的权利。（二）被申请人荣艳、陈文利故意隐瞒双方在涉案《借条》产生前存在旧债务的事实，以新借贷为名，骗取其在《借条》上担保人处签字，其不应对其之前的旧债务承担担保责任。陈文利在2017年1月6日《借条》出具之后，未实际向荣艳出借款项，其所担保的主债权没有实际产生，其也无需承担担保责任。此外，2017年1月6日《借条》的债务人为荣艳，先前的债务人为荣艳与王刚，这是不同的两个债务关系，原审法院判令其对荣艳、王刚与陈文利的旧债务承担保证责任没有事实及证据支持。（三）原审法院适用法律错误。1.《担保法》第三十条规定，主合同当事人双方串通，骗取保证人提供保证的，保证人不承担民事责任。陈文利、荣艳双方串通，故意隐瞒在《借条》出具前存在旧债务，《借条》系旧债务到期后重新出具的借据的事实，骗取其在该《借条》上担保人处签字，其依法不应承担担保责任。2.根据《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国担保法〉 若干问题的解释》第三十九条之规定，主合同当事人双方协议以新贷偿还旧贷，除保证人知道或者应当知道的外，保证人不承担民事责任。陈文利与荣艳在原债务到期后，将前期借款本金及利息结算后，重新出具借条的行为，实际与“借新还旧”行为的性质与后果没有本质区别，故在此情况下，其也不应当承担保证责任。翁利新、张利华依据《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第二百条第一项、第二项、第六项、第九项规定申请再审。陈文利提交意见称，原审判决认定事实清楚，适用法律正确，审判程序合法，请求驳回对方再审申请。荣艳提交意见称，陈文利说要再给其借钱，但打完借条后没有提供借款。本案审查查明，原审在向荣艳、王刚、翁利新、张利华邮寄开庭传票后，另行公告送达。后荣艳、张利华到庭应诉，翁利新庭后提交了书面意见。判决作出后，向荣艳邮寄送达判决，对王刚、翁利新、张利华公告送达。本院经审查认为，当事人对自己提出的诉讼请求所依据的事实或者反驳对方诉讼请求所依据的事实，应当提供证据加以证明，但法律另有规定的除外。《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国民事诉讼法〉的解释》第三百九十一条规定：原审开庭过程中有下列情形之一的，应当认定为民事诉讼法第二百条第九项规定的剥夺当事人辩论权利：（一）不允许当事人发表辩论意见的；（二）应当开庭审理而未开庭审理的；（三）违反法律规定送达起诉状副本或者上诉状副本，致使当事人无法行使辩论权利的；（四）违法剥夺当事人辩论权利的其他情形。故原审径行向翁利新、张利华公告送达判决，程序上虽有瑕疵，但并不符合该条规定的情形。《中华人民共和国担保法》第三十条第一项规定：主合同当事人双方串通，骗取保证人提供保证的，保证人不承担民事责任。关于本案是否存在恶意串通一节，对于陈文利与荣艳之间重新立借据以消灭双方原来债权债务关系的事实，陈文利认为保证人对此知情，但除了该陈述外没有提供其他直接证据予以证明；荣艳认为是因陈文利说再给其借40万元，其才找朋友来签的这个条子，朋友对原先存在借款并不知情，并要求其的朋友不承担责任。恶意串通既可以是双方当事人事先达成了串通协议，也可以表现为一方当事人作出意思表示，对方当事人明知其目的的非法而用默示的方式接受；既可以是双方当事人共同作为，也可以是双方当事人相互配合。翁利新、张利华提供的微信聊天记录截图、通话录音等证据不足以证明陈文利与荣艳故意隐瞒旧债务骗取保证人进行保证或是陈文利明知荣艳没有告诉担保人本案借款真实情况，故本案难以认定陈文利与荣艳双方存在恶意串通。《中华人民共和国担保法》第三十条第二项规定：主合同债权人采取欺诈、胁迫等手段，使保证人在违背真实意思的情况下提供保证的，保证人不承担民事责任。《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国担保法〉 若干问题的解释》第四十条规定：主合同债务人采取欺诈、胁迫等手段，使保证人在违背真实意思的情况下提供保证的，债权人知道或者应当知道欺诈、胁迫事实的，按照担保法第三十条的规定处理。关于本案是否存在欺诈一节，因担保人翁利新、张利华系债务人荣艳朋友，债权人陈文利并未与担保人直接接触，难以认定债权人对担保人进行了欺诈；荣艳即使对翁利新、张利华进行了欺诈，亦难以认定陈文利对此知道或者应当知道。《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国担保法〉 若干问题的解释》第三十九条规定，主合同当事人双方协议以新贷偿还旧贷，除保证人知道或者应当知道的外，保证人不承担民事责任。关于本案是否构成“以新贷偿还旧贷”一节，本案所涉借据，出借人陈文利和借款人荣艳虽均称是对双方所欠款项重新所立的借据，重新立据时陈文利与荣艳之间没有发生实际的款项往来，但荣艳重新出具借据以及陈文利接受新借据的行为即构成“以新贷偿还旧贷”，没有法律依据。综上，翁利新、张利华的再审申请不符合《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第二百条第一项、第二项、第六项、第九项规定的情形。                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     依照《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第二百零四条第一款，《最高人民法院关于适用的解释》第三百九十五条第二款规定，裁定如下：驳回翁利新、张利华的再审申请。 审  判  长  汪 卫 平审  判  员  陈 媛 媛 审  判  员  侯 林 泉                       二○一九年十一月十三日  书 记 员  侯 阿  娇