陕西省西安市中级人民法院 民  事  判 决 书   （2021）陕01民终8854号 上诉人（原审被告）：西安福冠餐饮管理有限公司。法定代表人：孙霞，该公司执行董事兼总经理。委托诉讼代理人：封鹏，男，该公司员工。被上诉人（原审原告）：班存枝（曾用名班彬）。上诉人西安福冠餐饮管理有限公司因与被上诉人班存枝合同纠纷一案，不服西安市灞桥区人民法院（2020)陕0111民初7073号民事判决，向本院提起上诉。本院于2021年4月2日立案后，依照《全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于授权最高人民法院在部分地区开展民事诉讼程序繁简分流改革试点工作的决定》之规定，本案适用普通程序，由审判员季立耘独任审理。本案现已审理终结。西安福冠餐饮管理有限公司上诉请求：1.撤销一审判决，发回重审或依法改判驳回班存枝的一审诉讼请求；2.判令班存枝承担全部诉讼费用。事实和理由：1.2020年6月，其公司与班存枝就班存枝承租其公司运营的啤酒广场2楼12号档口达成一致，班存枝支付了5000元定金，并约定按期签订合同；后因其公司不可控原因，啤酒广场未能如期开业；后其公司多次通知班存枝签订合同、履行后续交款义务，但班存枝拒绝；试营业期间及正式开业后，其公司多次通知班存枝签订合同均遭拒绝；2.班存枝对于啤酒广场未能如期开业原因明确知晓，且未提出异议或者解除协议，班存枝系以实际行动表明同意变更合同签订日期；班存枝多次拒绝签订合同已经构成违约，其公司有权不予返还档口定金。班存枝辩称，当时其确实签订了合同，但西安福冠餐饮管理有限公司并未将合同返还给其，且承诺的设备等均没有配备，也未按照约定的时间正常开业，故其无法再交款；双方约定若因西安福冠餐饮管理有限公司问题没有开业则全额退款，但西安福冠餐饮管理有限公司至今仍未给其退款；诉讼中，西安福冠餐饮管理有限公司也承认其他已付定金的商户都没有正常入驻啤酒广场，是西安福冠餐饮管理有限公司自己开业的，西安福冠餐饮管理有限公司应当按照承诺给其退款。故，应驳回西安福冠餐饮管理有限公司上诉，维持原判。 班存枝向一审法院起诉请求：1.判令西安福冠餐饮管理有限公司向班存枝双倍返还定金共计l0000元；2.案件诉讼费由西安福冠餐饮管理有限公司承担。                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            一审法院认定事实：2020年6月3日，班存枝与福冠餐饮公司招商人员就班存枝租赁福冠美食城2楼12号档口经营一事进行洽谈，当日，西安福冠餐饮管理有限公司向班存枝发送美食城2楼的效果图，2020年6月4日，班存枝向西安福冠餐饮管理有限公司微信支付5000元，西安福冠餐饮管理有限公司注明“收到班彬2楼12号档口定金5000元，如果因为我们福冠餐饮公司原因致班彬进不了档口，此定金全部退还！”，2020年6月6日西安福冠餐饮管理有限公司向班存枝出具收款收据，载明“今收到班彬2楼12号档口定金¥5000.- ,6月15日前签订合同，因个人原因未能按时签订合同，档口定金，不予退还”，并加盖公章。后西安福冠餐饮管理有限公司、班存枝未签订书面合同。庭审中，西安福冠餐饮管理有限公司陈述其公司工作人员向班存枝承诺于2020年7月10日开业，后未如期开业，其公司后通知班存枝签订合同，班存枝未签署合同也未支付剩余25000元。2020年7月29日案涉啤酒广场试营业，2020年8月7日正式营业。后案涉啤酒广场停业。经法院于2021年1月15日走访调查现场，案涉啤酒广场现状为无人经营状态，且案涉档口未达到双方约定的交付条件。一审法院认为，根据《最高人民法院关于适用时间效力的若干规定》第二条：“民法典施行前的法律事实引起的民事纠纷案件，当时的法律、司法解释有规定，适用当时的法律、司法解释的规定，但是适用民法典的规定更有利于保护民事主体合法权益，更有利于维护社会和经济秩序，更有利于弘扬社会主义核心价值观的除外。”以及《中华人民共和国民法典》第五百八十七条：“债务人履行债务的，定金应当抵作价款或者收回。给付定金的一方不履行债务或者履行债务不符合约定，致使不能实现合同目的的，无权请求返还定金；收受定金的一方不履行债务或者履行债务不符合约定，致使不能实现合同目的的，应当双倍返还定金”，结合2020年6月4日班存枝向西安福冠餐饮管理有限公司微信支付5000元，西安福冠餐饮管理有限公司注明“收到班彬2楼12号档口定金5000元，如果因为我们福冠餐饮公司原因致班彬进不了档口，此定金全部退还”，2020年6月6日西安福冠餐饮管理有限公司向班存枝出具收款收据，载明“今收到班彬2楼12号档口定金¥5000.- ,6月15日前签订合同，因个人原因未能按时签订合同，档口定金，不予退还”等认定班存枝向西安福冠餐饮管理有限公司支付的5000元不具有定金罚则的性质，不符合定金的法律规定，故班存枝要求西安福冠餐饮管理有限公司双倍返还定金10000元，于法无据，法院不予支持。西安福冠餐饮管理有限公司、班存枝在履约过程中，应本着诚实守信原则，积极促成合同的履行，虽西安福冠餐饮管理有限公司存在逾期未依约交付案涉档口、逾期开业等情形，但不足以认定合同无法继续履行、班存枝的合同目的无法实现，班存枝在案涉广场开业后未与西安福冠餐饮管理有限公司签订合同、支付剩余款项存在过错，结合当事人的过错程度等，法院酌情认定西安福冠餐饮管理有限公司向班存枝退还4000元。班存枝的其他诉讼请求，于法无据，法院不予支持。综上，一审法院依照《中华人民共和国民法典》第五百零九条、第五百八十七条、第五百九十二条，《最高人民法院关于适用时间效力的若干规定》第二条规定，作出判决：一、西安福冠餐饮管理有限公司于判决生效之日起十日内向班存枝退付4000元；二、驳回班存枝的其他诉讼请求。如果未按判决指定的期间履行给付金钱义务，应当依照《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第二百五十三条规定，加倍支付迟延履行期间的债务利息。案件受理费50元，减半收取25元，班存枝已预交，由西安福冠餐饮管理有限公司负担（于判决生效之日起十日内给付班存枝）。二审中，当事人没有提交新证据。本院二审查明的事实与一审法院查明的事实相同。本院认为，《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国民事诉讼法〉的解释》第一百零八条规定，对负有举证证明责任的当事人提供的证据，人民法院经审查并结合相关事实，确信待证事实的存在具有高度可能性的，应当认定该事实存在。对一方当事人为反驳负有举证证明责任的当事人所主张事实而提供的证据，人民法院经审查并结合相关事实，认为待证事实真伪不明的，应当认定该事实不存在。本案中，西安福冠餐饮管理有限公司曾承诺“收到班彬2楼12号档口定金5000元，如果因为我们福冠餐饮公司原因导致班彬进不了档口，此定金全部退还”。西安福冠餐饮管理有限公司在一、二审中均未提交充分有效证据证明系因班存枝原因未按时签订合同、正常入驻案涉啤酒广场档口。一审法院已核实并确认啤酒广场为停业状态，西安福冠餐饮管理有限公司在二审中亦陈述啤酒广场试营业及营业期间并无其他商家入驻。一审法院依据双方当事人对5000元退还事项的约定内容，认定该款项性质并非定金，结合双方过错，酌情判令西安福冠餐饮管理有限公司退还班存枝4000元，并无不妥。西安福冠餐饮管理有限公司之上诉理由，本院依法不予采信。综上所述，西安福冠餐饮管理有限公司的上诉请求不能成立，应予驳回；一审判决应予维持。依照《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第一百七十条第一款第（一）项规定，判决如下：驳回上诉，维持原判。二审案件受理费50元，由上诉人西安福冠餐饮管理有限公司负担。本判决为终审判决。  审   判   员    季 立 耘                        二○二一年五月十三日 书   记   员   张    典   附件：《民事诉讼程序繁简分流改革试点实施办法》第十八条  第二审人民法院审理上诉案件应当组成合议庭审理。但事实清楚、法律适用明确的下列案件，可以由法官一人独任审理：（一）第一审适用简易程序审理结案的；（二）不服民事裁定的。第二十七条 本办法仅适用于北京、上海市辖区内中级人民法院、基层人民法院，南京、苏州、杭州、宁波、合肥、福州、厦门、济南、郑州、洛阳、武汉、广州、深圳、成都、贵阳、昆明、西安、银川市中级人民法院及其辖区内基层人民法院，北京、上海、广州知识产权法院，上海金融法院，北京、杭州、广州互联网法院。本办法所称的人民法院，是指纳入试点的人民法院；所称的第二审人民法院，包括纳入试点的中级人民法院、知识产权法院和金融法院；所称的中级人民法院、基层人民法院包括试点地区内的铁路运输中级法院和基层法院。     1