陕西省西安市中级人民法院 民  事  判 决 书   （2020）陕01民终5893号 上诉人（原审原告）：吴冬生。委托诉讼代理人：贾建明，陕西迪拓律师事务所律师。被上诉人（原审被告）：杨海平。委托诉讼代理人：霍焱，陕西瑞森律师事务所律师。 委托诉讼代理人：陶萌，陕西瑞森律师事务所律师。被上诉人（原审被告）：畅高领。上诉人吴冬生因与被上诉人杨海平、畅高领买卖合同纠纷一案，不服西安市未央区人民法院(2020)陕0112民初10866号民事判决，向本院提起上诉。本院于2021年2月5日立案后，依法组成合议庭审理了本案。本案现已审理终结。吴冬生上诉请求：1.撤销一审判决，改判支持其一审诉讼请求；2.一、二审诉讼费用由杨海平、畅高领承担。事实和理由：1.一审法院未对其提交的证据进行认真仔细的分析鉴别，庭审过程中对案件事实的调查缺乏严谨务实的审判态度；其自2014年7月起给杨海平、畅高领所办的西安美道客家王餐饮娱乐有限公司送新鲜蔬菜，出于信赖双方没有签订书面合同，由店里工作人员在送货单上签字留作结算凭据；其还提交了其他证据佐证供货事实，陈勇承认其代表西安美道客家王餐饮娱乐有限公司出具《欠条》；一审法院加重其举证责任，没有依法认定双方交易关系的存在；2.关于举证责任，一审法院未依据案件实际情况予以分配举证责任，未顾及其实际情况；故，一审法院认定事实不清，程序也存在瑕疵。 杨海平辩称，《欠条》上没有其签字盖章，其也不知道此事；《欠条》上陈勇也并非其公司的员工，陈勇应当承担还款责任；吴冬生主张收货人系其公司员工，理应承担举证证明责任；吴冬生的上诉请求无事实及法律依据，一、二审诉讼费应由吴冬生承担；故，应驳回吴冬生上诉，维持原判。吴冬生向一审法院起诉请求：判令杨海平、畅高领连带共同归还拖欠的货款本金81055.8元及利息；判令由杨海平、畅高领承担案件诉讼费。                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            一审法院认定事实：吴冬生提供以下证据1.西安美道客家王餐饮娱乐有限公司企业信用信息公示资料、《公司注销登记申请书》、《股东会决议》、《公司注销清算报告》各1份，以此证明杨海平、畅高领系西安美道客家王餐饮娱乐有限公司股东； 2017年8月23日，该公司全部三位股东召开股东会，决议注销公司并成立清算组，三股东均系清算组成员，清算报告第九项载明“公司注销后，如有隐藏、遗留的债务由全体股东承担无限连带责任”；2017年9月1日该公司经登记注销，杨海平、畅高领应对公司注销后遗留拖欠吴冬生的债务承担连带责任。证据2.案外人陈勇2014年12月11日出具的《欠条》1份，以此证明西安美道客家王餐饮娱乐有限公司2014年7、8、9月三个月共计欠其青菜货款63500元，随后停业至2014年11月16日恢复供货。证据3.2014年11月16日至同年12月16日送货单83份，以此证明其于2014年11月16日至2014年12月16日给西安美道客家王餐饮娱乐有限公司送货价值17556.5元。证据4.2018年5月17日陈勇与吴冬生电话录音1份，以此证明案外人陈勇系西安美道客家王餐饮娱乐有限公司员工，陈勇承认拖欠货款的事实，但认为其是打工的，欠款与其无关。证据5.吴冬生与陈勇于2018年5月17日晚微信聊天截图1份，以此证明陈勇系西安美道客家王餐饮娱乐有限公司员工；西安美道客家王餐饮娱乐有限公司注销后，其一直在催要欠款，陈勇告知其杨海平、畅高领将公司承包给一罗姓人员经营，并收取了罗姓承包人30万元的承包保证金一事，让其起诉西安美道客家王餐饮娱乐有限公司股东。证据6.吴冬生与案外人李金宁2020年3月24日微信聊天截图1份，同年7月5日微信聊天截图1份，通过辩认送货单，李金宁告诉其另一签字人为劳明伟，并发来他和劳明伟两人的身份证照片，以此证明在吴冬生送货单上签名的李金宁与劳明伟均系西安美道客家王餐饮娱乐有限公司的员工。证据7.吴冬生律师与西安美道客家王餐饮娱乐有限公司前厨师李金宁的电话录音1份、微信聊天截图1份，以此证明李金宁系西安美道客家王餐饮娱乐有限公司前员工，劳明伟也是该公司厨师，两人签字收菜均代表西安美道客家王餐饮娱乐有限公司。同时，吴冬生还提供了其员工谢平生证词，谢平生声称其向高新美道客家王送菜交给陈勇、李金宁两人签收。杨海平对吴冬生提供的证据1真实性无异议，证明目的不认可。证据2陈勇身份无法确认，其不认识，真实性、证明目的均不认可，证据3没有公司股东签字，公司也未盖章，形式要件及证明目的均不认可。证据4、5吴冬生与陈勇的对话及聊天记录真实性及证明目的均不认可，其不认识陈勇，该证据与其无关。证据6.7吴冬生与李金宁通话与其无关，其不认识李金宁，真实性及证明目的均不认可。证据8证人谢平生与吴冬生是亲戚关系，工资也是吴冬生发放，吴冬生与证人之间有利害关系，证言真实性不认可。吴冬生承认证人谢平生系其妹夫。庭审中，吴冬生声称，涉案业务系其与陈勇联系后开始向美道客家王送菜，其一直以为陈勇就是该店老板，故送货、签字及催款一直与陈勇联系。2018年5月份，陈勇称他是打工的，让其向姓罗的索要欠款，姓罗的承包了该公司，并告知了姓罗的电话号码，其拨打后联系不上。亦承认从未向杨海平、畅高领索要过欠款，自2014年12月17日后亦未去过美道客家王餐厅。但认为，杨海平、畅高领、张文辉三人成立西安美道客家王餐饮娱乐有限公司后没有经营，而是承包给广东一个姓罗的人经营。杨海平、畅高领未参与酒店经营，陈勇、李金宁、劳明伟是姓罗的从广东带来的，未否认欠款的事实。李金宁承认他代表酒店收货，并称劳明伟在酒店做厨师，其休假时顶班签字收货。结合证据及证人证言，可以证明陈勇、李金宁、劳明伟均能代表西安美道客家王餐饮娱乐有限公司收取其的蔬菜。杨海平、畅高领于2016年9月注销公司，导致其无法联系公司。且其与杨海平、畅高领之间未签订合同，对付款期限未约定，故本案未超过诉讼时效。杨海平则认为，吴冬生未提供有其签字的书面证据，吴冬生也当庭表示不认识其。吴冬生提供的证据罗列了陈勇及李金宁等人签字，但未提供证据证明三人系公司股东授权他们签字，吴冬生也未提供三人系美道客家王公司员工的书面证据。吴冬生依据2014年12月11日的欠条主张权利，但吴冬生立案时已经超过诉讼时效，应驳回吴冬生诉讼请求。一审法院认为，《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第六十四条规定，当事人对自己的主张，有责任提供证据。《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国民事诉讼法〉的解释》第九十条规定，当事人对自己提出的诉讼请求所依据的事实或者反驳对方诉讼请求所依据的事实，应当提供证据加以证明，但另有规定的除外。在作出判决前，当事人未能提供证据或者证据不足以证明其事实主张的，由负有举证责任的当事人承担不利的后果。吴冬生虽然提供了送货单和陈勇出具的《欠条》，但所有送货单及陈勇出具的《欠条》均无杨海平、畅高领签字或公司盖章，送货单上的签字人陈勇、李金宁、劳明伟，杨海平、畅高领否认系其员工，吴冬生也未提供该三人系杨海平、畅高领员工的相关证据。吴冬生提供的其他证据未形成证据链，无法证明吴冬生与杨海平、畅高领存在真实的买卖合同法律关系。且吴冬生亦承认从未向杨海平、畅高领催要过货款，故吴冬生请求判令杨海平、畅高领连带共同归还拖欠的货款本金81055.8元及利息之请求，证据不足，依法不予支持。一审法院依据《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第六十四条、第一百四十四条，《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国民事诉讼法〉的解释》第九十条规定，作出判决：驳回吴冬生之诉讼请求。案件受理费1826元、公告费800元（吴冬生均已预交），由吴冬生负担。二审中，当事人没有提交新证据。本院二审查明的事实与一审法院查明的事实相同。本院认为，二审中，当事人争议的焦点问题为：吴冬生是否与西安美道客家王餐饮娱乐有限公司之间存在口头买卖合同关系？吴冬生主张判令股东杨海平、畅高领连带支付货款本息应否支持？本案中，吴冬生以买卖合同纠纷为由提起本案之诉。杨海平认为双方之间不存在买卖合同关系、案外人陈勇出具《欠条》与其无关、并不存在欠付货款事实。吴冬生作为出卖人理应就其与西安美道客家王餐饮娱乐有限公司之间买卖合同关系的成立以及欠款事实举证加以证实。《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国民事诉讼法〉的解释》第一百零八条规定，对负有举证证明责任的当事人提供的证据，人民法院经审查并结合相关事实，确信待证事实的存在具有高度可能性的，应当认定该事实存在。对一方当事人为反驳负有举证证明责任的当事人所主张事实而提供的证据，人民法院经审查并结合相关事实，认为待证事实真伪不明的，应当认定该事实不存在。依据当事人陈述及在案材料，尚不足以认定吴冬生与西安美道客家王餐饮娱乐有限公司之间存在买卖合同法律关系。一审法院就本案所作认定与处理，于法有据，并无不当。综上所述，吴冬生的上诉请求不能成立，应予驳回；一审判决认定事实清楚，适用法律正确，应予维持。依照《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第一百七十条第一款第(一)项规定，判决如下：驳回上诉，维持原判。二审案件受理费1826元，由上诉人吴冬生负担。本判决为终审判决。 审   判  长    季 立 耘审   判   员    童  运  军审   判   员    徐振平                          二○二一年四月二十五日 书  记  员     张   典 1