Question: When was the political entity that has the power to remove a justice of the highest tier, able to pass legislation that authorized a transcontinental railroad?

<P0-S0> building a railroad line that connected the united states coast - to - coast was advocated in 1832 when dr. hartwell carver published an article in the new york courier & enquirer advocating building a transcontinental railroad from lake michigan to oregon. <P0-S1> in 1847 he submitted to the u.s. congress a ``proposal for a charter to build a railroad from lake michigan to the pacific ocean '', seeking a congressional charter to support his idea. <SEP> <P1-S0> The Constitution provides that justices ``shall hold their offices during good behavior ''(unless appointed during a Senate recess). <P1-S1> The term`` good behavior'' is understood to mean justices may serve for the remainder of their lives, unless they are impeached and convicted by Congress, resign, or retire. <P1-S2> Only one justice has been impeached by the House of Representatives (Samuel Chase, March 1804), but he was acquitted in the Senate (March 1805). <P1-S3> Moves to impeach sitting justices have occurred more recently (for example, William O. Douglas was the subject of hearings twice, in 1953 and again in 1970; and Abe Fortas resigned while hearings were being organized in 1969), but they did not reach a vote in the House. <P1-S4> No mechanism exists for removing a justice who is permanently incapacitated by illness or injury, but unable (or unwilling) to resign. <SEP> <P2-S0> Israel has a three-tier court system. <P2-S1> At the lowest level are magistrate courts, situated in most cities across the country. <P2-S2> Above them are district courts, serving as both appellate courts and courts of first instance; they are situated in five of Israel's six districts. <P2-S3> The third and highest tier is the Supreme Court, located in Jerusalem; it serves a dual role as the highest court of appeals and the High Court of Justice. <P2-S4> In the latter role, the Supreme Court rules as a court of first instance, allowing individuals, both citizens and non-citizens, to petition against the decisions of state authorities. <P2-S5> Although Israel supports the goals of the International Criminal Court, it has not ratified the Rome Statute, citing concerns about the ability of the court to remain free from political impartiality. <SEP> <P3-S0> the judicial power is vested in the supreme court of the philippines and lower courts established by law. <P3-S1> the supreme court, which has a chief justice as its head and 14 associate justices, occupies the highest tier of the judiciary. <P3-S2> the justices serve until the age of 70. the justices are appointed by the president on the recommendation of the judicial and bar council of the philippines. <P3-S3> the sitting chief justice is maria lourdes sereno, the 24th to serve in that position... <SEP> <P4-S0> The original Act's long title was An Act to aid in the construction of a railroad and telegraph line from the Missouri river to the Pacific ocean, and to secure to the government the use of the same for postal, military, and other purposes. <P4-S1> It was based largely on a proposed bill originally reported six years earlier on August 16, 1856, to the 34th Congress by the Select Committee on the Pacific Railroad and Telegraph. <P4-S2> Signed into law by President Abraham Lincoln on July 1, 1862, the 1862 Act authorized extensive land grants in the Western United States and the issuance of 30 - year government bonds (at 6 percent) to the Union Pacific Railroad and Central Pacific Railroad (later the Southern Pacific Railroad) companies in order to construct a continuous transcontinental railroad between the eastern side of the Missouri River at Council Bluffs, Iowa (opposite from Omaha, Nebraska) and the navigable waters of the Sacramento River in Sacramento, California. <P4-S3> Section 2 of the Act granted each Company contiguous rights of way for their rail lines as well as all public lands within 200 feet (61 m) on either side of the track.