Question: When did the empire that conquered the country where this experiment takes place in AD 43 end and start?

<P0-S0> The Roman Empire (Latin: Imperium Rōmānum, Classical Latin: (ɪmˈpɛ. <P0-S1> ri. <P0-S2> ũː roːˈmaː. <P0-S3> nũː); Koine and Medieval Greek: Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων, tr. <P0-S4> Basileia tōn Rhōmaiōn) was the post-Roman Republic period of the ancient Roman civilization, with a government headed by emperors and large territorial holdings around the Mediterranean Sea in Europe, Africa and Asia. <P0-S5> The city of Rome was the largest city in the world c. 100 BC -- c. AD 400, with Constantinople (New Rome) becoming the largest around AD 500, and the Empire's population grew to an estimated 50 to 90 million inhabitants (roughly 20% of the world's population at the time). <P0-S6> The 500 - year - old republic which preceded it had been severely destabilized in a series of civil wars and political conflict, during which Julius Caesar was appointed as perpetual dictator and then assassinated in 44 BC. <P0-S7> Civil wars and executions continued, culminating in the victory of Octavian, Caesar's adopted son, over Mark Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the annexation of Egypt. <P0-S8> Octavian's power was then unassailable and in 27 BC the Roman Senate formally granted him overarching power and the new title Augustus, effectively marking the end of the Roman Republic. <SEP> <P1-S0> Bewick then describes an experiment which succeeded in keeping swallows alive in Britain for several years, where they remained warm and dry through the winters. <P1-S1> He concludes: <SEP> <P2-S0> Hiberni (Ireland), Pictish (northern Britain) and Britons (southern Britain) tribes, all speaking Insular Celtic, inhabited the islands at the beginning of the 1st millennium AD. <P2-S1> Much of Brittonic-controlled Britain was conquered by the Roman Empire from AD 43. <P2-S2> The first Anglo-Saxons arrived as Roman power waned in the 5th century and eventually dominated the bulk of what is now England. <P2-S3> Viking invasions began in the 9th century, followed by more permanent settlements and political change—particularly in England. <P2-S4> The subsequent Norman conquest of England in 1066 and the later Angevin partial conquest of Ireland from 1169 led to the imposition of a new Norman ruling elite across much of Britain and parts of Ireland. <P2-S5> By the Late Middle Ages, Great Britain was separated into the Kingdoms of England and Scotland, while control in Ireland fluxed between Gaelic kingdoms, Hiberno-Norman lords and the English-dominated Lordship of Ireland, soon restricted only to The Pale. <P2-S6> The 1603 Union of the Crowns, Acts of Union 1707 and Acts of Union 1800 attempted to consolidate Britain and Ireland into a single political unit, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, with the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands remaining as Crown Dependencies. <P2-S7> The expansion of the British Empire and migrations following the Irish Famine and Highland Clearances resulted in the distribution of the islands' population and culture throughout the world and a rapid de-population of Ireland in the second half of the 19th century. <P2-S8> Most of Ireland seceded from the United Kingdom after the Irish War of Independence and the subsequent Anglo-Irish Treaty (1919–1922), with six counties remaining in the UK as Northern Ireland. <SEP> <P3-S0> archaeological finds suggest that the area has been inhabited since the stone age. <P3-S1> following the roman invasion of britain in ad 43 and the conquering of the local britons in 70 ad the fortress settlement of clausentum was established. <P3-S2> it was an important trading port and defensive outpost of winchester, at the site of modern bitterne manor. <P3-S3> clausentum was defended by a wall and two ditches and is thought to have contained a bath house. <P3-S4> clausentum was not abandoned until around 410. <SEP> <P4-S0> one of the important discoveries of infant depth perception is thanks to researchers eleanor j. gibson and r.d. <P4-S1> walk. <P4-S2> gibson and walk developed an apparatus called the visual cliff that could be used to investigate visual depth perception in infants. <P4-S3> in short, infants were placed on a centerboard to one side which contained an illusory steep drop (``deep side '') and another which contained a platform of the centerboard (`` shallow side''). <P4-S4> in reality, both sides, covered in glass, was safe for infants to trek. <P4-S5> from their experiment, gibson and walk found that a majority of infants ranging from 6 -- 14 months - old would not cross from the shallow side to the deep side due to their innate sense of fear to heights. <P4-S6> from this experiment, gibson and walk concluded that by six months an infant has developed a sense of depth. <P4-S7> however, this experiment was limited to infants that could independently crawl or walk. <P4-S8> to overcome the limitations of testing non-locomotive infants, campos and his colleges devised an experiment that was dependent on heart rate reactions of infants when placed in environments that reflected different depth scenarios. <P4-S9> campos and his colleagues placed six week - old infants on the ``deep end ''of the visual cliff, the six week - old infants' heart rate decreased and a sense of fascination was seen in the infants. <P4-S10> however, when seven month - old infants were lowered down on the same`` deep end'' illusion, their heart rates accelerated rapidly and they started to whimper. <P4-S11> gibson and walk concluded that infants had developed a sense of visual depth prior to beginning locomotion. <P4-S12> therefore, it could be concluded that sometime at the spark of crawling around 4 -- 5 months, depth perception begins to strongly present itself.