Question: In what war did the Japanese win the currently independent country that, during the Manchu dynasty, was once controlled partially by the expanding country discussed in the Book of Han?

<P0-S0> The Book of Han or History of the Former Han is a history of China finished in 111, covering the Western, or Former Han dynasty from the first emperor in 206 BCE to the fall of Wang Mang in 23 CE. <P0-S1> It is also called the Book of Former Han. <SEP> <P1-S0> During the Qianlong reign (1735 -- 96) the dynasty reached its apogee but then began its initial decline in prosperity and imperial control. <P1-S1> The population rose to some 400 million, but taxes and government revenues were fixed at a low rate, virtually guaranteeing eventual fiscal crisis. <P1-S2> Corruption set in, rebels tested government legitimacy, and ruling elites failed to change their mindsets in the face of changes in the world system. <P1-S3> Following the Opium War, European powers imposed unequal treaties, free trade, extraterritoriality and treaty ports under foreign control. <P1-S4> The Taiping Rebellion (1850 -- 64) and the Dungan Revolt (1862 -- 77) in Central Asia led to the deaths of some 20 million people, most of them due to famines caused by war. <P1-S5> In spite of these disasters, in the Tongzhi Restoration of the 1860s, Han Chinese elites rallied to the defense of the Confucian order and the Qing rulers. <P1-S6> The initial gains in the Self - Strengthening Movement were destroyed in the First Sino - Japanese War of 1895, in which the Qing lost its influence over Korea and the possession of Taiwan. <P1-S7> New Armies were organized, but the ambitious Hundred Days' Reform of 1898 was turned back in a coup by Empress Dowager Cixi, a conservative leader. <P1-S8> When the Scramble for Concessions by foreign powers triggered the violently anti-foreign Yihetuan (``Boxers ''), the foreign powers invaded China, Cixi declared war on them, leading to defeat and the flight of the Imperial Court to Xi'an. <SEP> <P2-S0> early civilisations in myanmar included the tibeto-burman-speaking pyu city-states in upper burma and the mon kingdoms in lower burma. <P2-S1> in the 9th century, the bamar people entered the upper irrawaddy valley and, following the establishment of the pagan kingdom in the 1050s, the burmese language, culture and theravada buddhism slowly became dominant in the country. <P2-S2> the pagan kingdom fell due to the mongol invasions and several warring states emerged. <P2-S3> in the 16th century, reunified by the taungoo dynasty, the country was for a brief period the largest empire in the history of southeast asia. <P2-S4> the early 19th century konbaung dynasty ruled over an area that included modern myanmar and briefly controlled manipur and assam as well. <P2-S5> the british conquered myanmar after three anglo-burmese wars in the 19th century and the country became a british colony. <P2-S6> myanmar became an independent nation in 1948, initially as a democratic nation and then, following a coup d'état in 1962, a military dictatorship. <SEP> <P3-S0> Qing China reached its largest extent during the 18th century, when it ruled China proper (eighteen provinces) as well as the areas of present-day Northeast China, Inner Mongolia, Outer Mongolia, Xinjiang and Tibet, at approximately 13 million km2 in size. <P3-S1> There were originally 18 provinces, all of which in China proper, but later this number was increased to 22, with Manchuria and Xinjiang being divided or turned into provinces. <P3-S2> Taiwan, originally part of Fujian province, became a province of its own in the late 19th century, but was ceded to the Empire of Japan in 1895 following the First Sino-Japanese War. <P3-S3> In addition, many surrounding countries, such as Korea (Joseon dynasty), Vietnam frequently paid tribute to China during much of this period. <P3-S4> Khanate of Kokand were forced to submit as protectorate and pay tribute to the Qing dynasty in China between 1774 and 1798. <SEP> <P4-S0> after about 300 years of partition by feudal dynasties, vietnam was again under one single authority in 1802 when gia long founded the nguyễn dynasty, but the country became a french protectorate after 1883 and under japanese occupation after 1940 during world war ii. <P4-S1> soon after japan surrendered on september 2, 1945, the việt minh in the august revolution entered hanoi, and the democratic republic of vietnam was proclaimed on september 2, 1945: a government for the entire country, replacing the nguyễn dynasty. <P4-S2> hồ chí minh became leader of the democratic republic of vietnam. <P4-S3> u.s. president franklin roosevelt had spoken against french rule in indochina, and u.s.a. was supportive of the viet minh at this time.