Question: When did Scotland gain its independence from the country the Duke of York came back to?

<P0-S0> Ice skating was brought to Britain from the Netherlands, where James II was briefly exiled in the 17th century. <P0-S1> When he returned to England, this 'new' sport was introduced to the British aristocracy, and was soon enjoyed by people from all walks of life. <SEP> <P1-S0> the history of new york begins around 10,000 bc, when the first native peoples arrived. <P1-S1> by 1100 ad, new york's main native cultures, the iroquoian and algonquian, had developed. <P1-S2> european discovery of new york was led by the french in 1524 and the first land claim came in 1609 by the dutch. <P1-S3> as part of new netherland, the colony was important in the fur trade and eventually became an agricultural resource thanks to the patroon system. <P1-S4> in 1626 the dutch bought the island of manhattan from native americans. <P1-S5> in 1664, england renamed the colony new york, after the duke of york (later james ii & vii.) <P1-S6> new york city gained prominence in the 18th century as a major trading port in the thirteen colonies. <SEP> <P2-S0> Rivals John Comyn and Robert the Bruce, grandson of the claimant, were appointed as joint guardians in his place. <P2-S1> On 10 February 1306, Bruce participated in the murder of Comyn, at Greyfriars Kirk in Dumfries. <P2-S2> Less than seven weeks later, on 25 March, Bruce was crowned as King. <P2-S3> However, Edward's forces overran the country after defeating Bruce's small army at the Battle of Methven. <P2-S4> Despite the excommunication of Bruce and his followers by Pope Clement V, his support slowly strengthened; and by 1314 with the help of leading nobles such as Sir James Douglas and Thomas Randolph only the castles at Bothwell and Stirling remained under English control. <P2-S5> Edward I had died in 1307. <P2-S6> His heir Edward II moved an army north to break the siege of Stirling Castle and reassert control. <P2-S7> Robert defeated that army at the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314, securing de facto independence. <P2-S8> In 1320 the Declaration of Arbroath, a remonstrance to the Pope from the nobles of Scotland, helped convince Pope John XXII to overturn the earlier excommunication and nullify the various acts of submission by Scottish kings to English ones so that Scotland's sovereignty could be recognised by the major European dynasties. <P2-S9> The Declaration has also been seen as one of the most important documents in the development of a Scottish national identity. <SEP> <P3-S0> the battle of methven took place at methven, scotland on 19 june 1306, during the wars of scottish independence. <P3-S1> the battlefield was researched to be included in the inventory of historic battlefields in scotland and protected by historic scotland under the scottish historical environment policy of 2009 but was excluded due to the uncertainty of its location. <SEP> <P4-S0> In 1664, Peter Stuyvesant, the Director-General of the colony of New Netherland, surrendered New Amsterdam to the English without bloodshed. <P4-S1> The English promptly renamed the fledgling city "New York" after the Duke of York (later King James II).