Question: In what year did Shiv Dutt Upadhyaya begin to work for Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru?

<P0-S0> Widely regarded as the Pioneer of Peace studies in India, Professor Priyankar Upadhaya holds the UNESCO Chair for Peace and Intercultural Understanding at Banaras Hindu University(Asia's largest residential university), Varanasi. <P0-S1>  He also heads the Malaviya Center for Peace Research situated in the University. <P0-S2>  Professor Upadhayaya holds M.Phil. <P0-S3>  and Ph.D Degree of Jawaharlal Nehru University. <P0-S4>  He also holds Advance International Diploma(s) in Conflict Resolution from the Uppsala University, Sweden. <P0-S5>  Prof. Upadhaya has done Post-Doctoral Research at London University and the Woodrow Wilson Centre for International Scholars, Wash DC. <P0-S6>  He was selected for the Guest Scholar Award of the Woodrow Wilson Centre of International Scholars at Wash DC 1992, Faculty Research Award, Canadian Govt. <P0-S7>  1999 and Senior Fulbright Award in 2004. <P0-S8>  Professor Upadhyaya has taught and done research in Political Science & Conflict Resolution in many parts of the world, including Concordia University, Montreal; Ulster University in Northern Ireland, at the Department of Political Science, Karlstad University in Sweden and US Air Force Academy at Colorado Springs. <P0-S9>  He has also been Fellow at the Henry L Stimson Center, Wash DC, and recently a Senior Visiting Fellow at the Peace Research Institute (PRIO), Oslo. <P0-S10>  Professor Upadhyaya has publications in journals and books from OUP, MUP, CUP, Sage, Ashgate and Routledge among others and research articles in reputed International Journals such as the Denver Journal of International Law & Policy; International Studies (Sage) and Strategic Analysis (Routledge). <SEP> <P1-S0> Shiv Prasad Gupta Hindi: शिव प्रसाद गुप्ता (28 June 1883, Varanasi – 24 April 1944) was a visionary, philanthropist, a leader of the Indian Freedom Movement and the founder of the Mahatma Gandhi Kashi Vidyapeeth. <P1-S1>  Though belonging to a very wealthy industrialist and "Jamindar" family, he devoted his entire life to actively participate, assist and give financial aid to the various movements of the freedom struggle. <P1-S2>  He was a close associate and friend of Mahatma Gandhi, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Mahamana Madan Mohan Malviya and all the other nationalist leaders, who often stayed with him on their visit to Varanasi and relied upon his advice and support. <SEP> <P2-S0> Shiv Dutt Upadhyaya, was born in Dwarahat district of Almora in Uttarakhand, India. <P2-S1>  He joined Pandit Motilal Nehru as his personal secretary in 1923. <P2-S2>  After the death of Pandit Motilal Nehru, he was retained by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, with whom he remained associated till the latter's death. <P2-S3>  Upadhyaya was elected to the Lok Sabha from the Satna constituency in the erstwhile Vindhya Pradesh in 1952. <P2-S4>  He was re-elected to Lok Sabha in 1957 and 1962 from Rewa in Madhya Pradesh. <P2-S5>  In 1967 he was elected unopposed to the Rajya Sabha. <P2-S6>  He was awarded the Padmasri in 1983. <P2-S7>  He remained closely associated with the Nehru-Gandhi family right from 1923 till his death in 1984 and finds mention in Jawaharlal Nehru's Last Will & Testament. <SEP> <P3-S0> Pt. <P3-S1>  Motilal Nehru (6 May 1861 – 6 February 1931) was an Indian lawyer, an activist of the Indian National Movement and an important leader of the Indian National Congress, who also served as the Congress President twice, 1919–1920 and 1928–1929. <P3-S2>  He was the founder patriarch of the Nehru-Gandhi family.