Question: When was the first African American elected to the body that can remove a justice from the highest tier?

<P0-S0> As a result of these measures, blacks acquired the right to vote across the Southern states. <P0-S1> In several states (notably Mississippi and South Carolina), blacks were the majority of the population. <P0-S2> By forming coalitions with pro-Union whites, Republicans took control of the state legislatures. <P0-S3> At the time, state legislatures elected the members of the US Senate. <P0-S4> During Reconstruction, only the state legislature of Mississippi elected any black senators. <P0-S5> On February 25, 1870, Hiram Rhodes Revels was seated as the first black member of the Senate, while Blanche Bruce, also of Mississippi, seated in 1875, was the second. <P0-S6> Revels was the first black member of the Congress overall. <SEP> <P1-S0> though brazilians of at least partial african heritage make up a large percentage of the population, few blacks have been elected as politicians. <P1-S1> the city of salvador, bahia, for instance, is 80% people of color, but voters have not elected a mayor of color. <P1-S2> journalists like to say that us cities with black majorities, such as detroit and new orleans, have not elected white mayors since after the civil rights movement, when the voting rights act of 1965 protected the franchise for minorities, and blacks in the south regained the power to vote for the first time since the turn of the 20th century. <P1-S3> new orleans elected its first black mayor in the 1970s. <P1-S4> new orleans elected a white mayor after the widescale disruption and damage of hurricane katrina in 2005. <SEP> <P2-S0> the judicial power is vested in the supreme court of the philippines and lower courts established by law. <P2-S1> the supreme court, which has a chief justice as its head and 14 associate justices, occupies the highest tier of the judiciary. <P2-S2> the justices serve until the age of 70. the justices are appointed by the president on the recommendation of the judicial and bar council of the philippines. <P2-S3> the sitting chief justice is maria lourdes sereno, the 24th to serve in that position... <SEP> <P3-S0> Israel has a three-tier court system. <P3-S1> At the lowest level are magistrate courts, situated in most cities across the country. <P3-S2> Above them are district courts, serving as both appellate courts and courts of first instance; they are situated in five of Israel's six districts. <P3-S3> The third and highest tier is the Supreme Court, located in Jerusalem; it serves a dual role as the highest court of appeals and the High Court of Justice. <P3-S4> In the latter role, the Supreme Court rules as a court of first instance, allowing individuals, both citizens and non-citizens, to petition against the decisions of state authorities. <P3-S5> Although Israel supports the goals of the International Criminal Court, it has not ratified the Rome Statute, citing concerns about the ability of the court to remain free from political impartiality. <SEP> <P4-S0> The Constitution provides that justices ``shall hold their offices during good behavior ''(unless appointed during a Senate recess). <P4-S1> The term`` good behavior'' is understood to mean justices may serve for the remainder of their lives, unless they are impeached and convicted by Congress, resign, or retire. <P4-S2> Only one justice has been impeached by the House of Representatives (Samuel Chase, March 1804), but he was acquitted in the Senate (March 1805). <P4-S3> Moves to impeach sitting justices have occurred more recently (for example, William O. Douglas was the subject of hearings twice, in 1953 and again in 1970; and Abe Fortas resigned while hearings were being organized in 1969), but they did not reach a vote in the House. <P4-S4> No mechanism exists for removing a justice who is permanently incapacitated by illness or injury, but unable (or unwilling) to resign.