winkelee/scaling-down huggingface dataset:
Question: Until when would paper as we know it not have been available in the continent of the region that shares a border with Champagne-Ardenne?

<P0-S0> in december 2013, netflix announced that the entire first season would be available for streaming in the u.s. after the airing of the first - season finale, and in latin america and europe each episode would be available a few days after the episode airs in the u.s. however, the first season was not released on netflix in the u.s. until february 1, 2016. <SEP> <P1-S0> Science and technology in Wallonia, the southern region of Belgium (Europe), is well developed with the presence of several universities and research institutes. <SEP> <P2-S0> Paper is a white material primarily used for writing. <P2-S1> Although contemporary precursors such as papyrus and amate existed in the Mediterranean world and pre-Columbian Americas, respectively, these materials are not defined as true paper. <P2-S2> The first papermaking process was documented in China during the Eastern Han period (25 -- 220 C.E. <P2-S3> ), traditionally attributed to the court official Cai Lun. <P2-S4> During the 8th century, Chinese papermaking spread to the Islamic world, where pulp mills and paper mills were used for money making. <P2-S5> By the 11th century, papermaking was brought to medieval Europe, where it was refined with the earliest known paper mills utilizing waterwheels. <P2-S6> Later Western improvements to the papermaking process came in the 19th century with the invention of wood - based papers. <SEP> <P3-S0> The trees and rivers of the Ardennes provided the charcoal industry assets that enabled the great industrial period of Wallonia in the 18th and 19th centuries, when it was arguably the second great industrial region of the world, after England. <P3-S1> The greater region maintained an industrial eminence into the 20th century, after coal replaced charcoal in metallurgy. <SEP> <P4-S0> china shares international borders with 14 sovereign states. <P4-S1> in addition, there is a 30 - km border with the special administrative region of hong kong, which was a british dependency before 1997, and a 3 km border with macau, a portuguese territory until 1999. with a land border of 22,117 kilometres (13,743 mi) in total it also has the longest land border of any country.
Question: What characterized the end of the 18th century on the continent containing the Belgian region that shares a border with Champagne-Ardenne?

<P0-S0> romanticism (also the romantic era or the romantic period) was an artistic, literary, musical and intellectual movement that originated in europe toward the end of the 18th century, and in most areas was at its peak in the approximate period from 1800 to 1850. romanticism was characterized by its emphasis on emotion and individualism as well as glorification of all the past and nature, preferring the medieval rather than the classical. <P0-S1> it was partly a reaction to the industrial revolution, the aristocratic social and political norms of the age of enlightenment, and the scientific rationalization of nature -- all components of modernity. <P0-S2> it was embodied most strongly in the visual arts, music, and literature, but had a major impact on historiography, education, and the natural sciences. <P0-S3> it had a significant and complex effect on politics, with romantic thinkers influencing liberalism, radicalism, conservatism and nationalism. <SEP> <P1-S0> The trees and rivers of the Ardennes provided the charcoal industry assets that enabled the great industrial period of Wallonia in the 18th and 19th centuries, when it was arguably the second great industrial region of the world, after England. <P1-S1> The greater region maintained an industrial eminence into the 20th century, after coal replaced charcoal in metallurgy. <SEP> <P2-S0> Early modern Europe is the period of European history between the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, roughly the late 15th century to the late 18th century. <P2-S1> Historians variously mark the beginning of the early modern period with the invention of moveable type printing in the 1450s, the Fall of Constantinople in 1453, the end of the Wars of the Roses in 1487, the beginning of the High Renaissance in Italy in the 1490s, the end of the Reconquista and subsequent voyages of Christopher Columbus to the Americas in 1492, or the start of the Protestant Reformation in 1517. <P2-S2> The precise dates of its end point also vary and are usually linked with either the start of the French Revolution in 1789 or with the more vaguely defined beginning of the Industrial Revolution in late 18th century England. <SEP> <P3-S0> Science and technology in Wallonia, the southern region of Belgium (Europe), is well developed with the presence of several universities and research institutes. <SEP> <P4-S0> the san lucas ava is an american viticultural area located in monterey county, california. <P4-S1> it is located at the southern end of salinas valley, shares an eastern border with the chalone ava, and is bordered on the west by the santa lucia range foothills. <P4-S2> the appellation has the largest diurnal temperature variation of any of california's avas. <P4-S3> there is a current petition to designate the san bernabe vineyard, located at the region's northern end, as its own ava. <P4-S4> the vineyard is currently the world's largest continuous vineyard.
Question: UCL Partners is the largest type of what facility, on the continent containing the region that shares a border with Champagne-Ardenne?

<P0-S0> after several weeks of rumors, which started around january 11, 2013, dell announced on february 5, 2013 that it had struck a $24.4 billion leveraged buyout deal, that would have delisted its shares from the nasdaq and hong kong stock exchange and taken it private. <P0-S1> reuters reported that michael dell and silver lake partners, aided by a $2 billion loan from microsoft, would acquire the public shares at $13.65 apiece. <P0-S2> the $24.4 billion buyout was projected to be the largest leveraged buyout backed by private equity since the 2007 financial crisis. <P0-S3> it is also the largest technology buyout ever, surpassing the 2006 buyout of freescale semiconductor for $17.5 billion. <SEP> <P1-S0> London is home to five major medical schools – Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (part of Queen Mary), King's College London School of Medicine (the largest medical school in Europe), Imperial College School of Medicine, UCL Medical School and St George's, University of London – and has a large number of affiliated teaching hospitals. <P1-S1> It is also a major centre for biomedical research, and three of the UK's five academic health science centres are based in the city – Imperial College Healthcare, King's Health Partners and UCL Partners (the largest such centre in Europe). <SEP> <P2-S0> The trees and rivers of the Ardennes provided the charcoal industry assets that enabled the great industrial period of Wallonia in the 18th and 19th centuries, when it was arguably the second great industrial region of the world, after England. <P2-S1> The greater region maintained an industrial eminence into the 20th century, after coal replaced charcoal in metallurgy. <SEP> <P3-S0> north dakota is in the u.s. region known as the great plains. <P3-S1> the state shares the red river of the north with minnesota to the east. <P3-S2> south dakota is to the south, montana is to the west, and the canadian provinces of saskatchewan and manitoba are to the north. <P3-S3> north dakota is situated near the middle of north america with a stone marker in rugby, north dakota marking the ``geographic center of the north american continent ''. <P3-S4> with an area of 70,762 square miles (183,273 km), north dakota is the 19th largest state. <SEP> <P4-S0> Science and technology in Wallonia, the southern region of Belgium (Europe), is well developed with the presence of several universities and research institutes.
Question: When did the novel emerge as a distinct form of literature in the continent on which the region sharing a border with Champagne-Ardenne is located?

<P0-S0> the wizard of lemuria is a fantasy novel by american writer lin carter, the first book of his "thongor series" set on the fictional ancient lost continent of lemuria. <P0-S1> the author's first published novel, it was initially issued in paperback by ace books in 1965. the author afterwards revised and expanded the text, in which form it was reissued as thongor and the wizard of lemuria, first published in paperback by berkley books in 1969. this retitled and revised edition became the standard edition for later reprintings. <P0-S2> the novel was also adapted into comic form, appearing in eight issues of marvel's "creatures on the loose". <SEP> <P1-S0> Science and technology in Wallonia, the southern region of Belgium (Europe), is well developed with the presence of several universities and research institutes. <SEP> <P2-S0> The genre has been described as having ``a continuous and comprehensive history of about two thousand years, ''with its origins in classical Greece and Rome, in medieval and early modern romance, and in the tradition of the novella. <P2-S1> The latter, an Italian word for a short story to distinguish it from a novel, has been used in English since the 18th century for a work that falls somewhere in between. <P2-S2> Ian Watt, in The Rise of the Novel, suggested in 1957 that the novel first came into being in the early 18th century. <SEP> <P3-S0> the jardin botanique de sedan is a botanical garden and city park located on philippoteaux avenue beside the place d'alsace-lorraine, sedan, ardennes, champagne-ardenne, france. <P3-S1> it is open daily without charge. <SEP> <P4-S0> The trees and rivers of the Ardennes provided the charcoal industry assets that enabled the great industrial period of Wallonia in the 18th and 19th centuries, when it was arguably the second great industrial region of the world, after England. <P4-S1> The greater region maintained an industrial eminence into the 20th century, after coal replaced charcoal in metallurgy.
Question: When is the last time a hurricane hit the continent where the city that shares a border with Champagne-Ardenne is?

<P0-S0> The trees and rivers of the Ardennes provided the charcoal industry assets that enabled the great industrial period of Wallonia in the 18th and 19th centuries, when it was arguably the second great industrial region of the world, after England. <P0-S1> The greater region maintained an industrial eminence into the 20th century, after coal replaced charcoal in metallurgy. <SEP> <P1-S0> November 10 - 11, 2017 -- The remnants of Tropical Storm Rina hit the United Kingdom and Ireland on the night of November 10 and into the following day. <SEP> <P2-S0> tropical disturbances that reach tropical storm intensity are named from a pre-determined list. <P2-S1> on average, 10.1 named storms occur each season, with an average of 5.9 becoming hurricanes and 2.5 becoming major hurricanes (category 3 or greater). <P2-S2> the most active season was 2005, during which 28 tropical cyclones formed, of which a record 15 became hurricanes. <P2-S3> the least active season was 1914, with only one known tropical cyclone developing during that year. <P2-S4> the atlantic hurricane season is a time when most tropical cyclones are expected to develop across the northern atlantic ocean. <P2-S5> it is currently defined as the time frame from june 1 through november 30, though in the past the season was defined as a shorter time frame. <P2-S6> during the season, regular tropical weather outlooks are issued by the national hurricane center, and coordination between the weather prediction center and national hurricane center occurs for systems which have not formed yet, but could develop during the next three to seven days. <SEP> <P3-S0> Science and technology in Wallonia, the southern region of Belgium (Europe), is well developed with the presence of several universities and research institutes. <SEP> <P4-S0> china shares international borders with 14 sovereign states. <P4-S1> in addition, there is a 30 - km border with the special administrative region of hong kong, which was a british dependency before 1997, and a 3 km border with macau, a portuguese territory until 1999. with a land border of 22,117 kilometres (13,743 mi) in total it also has the longest land border of any country.
Question: How many millions lived in the continent on which the region sharing a border with Champagne-Ardenne is located in the year 1000?

<P0-S0> The High Middle Ages was a period of tremendous expansion of population. <P0-S1> The estimated population of Europe grew from 35 to 80 million between 1000 and 1347, although the exact causes remain unclear: improved agricultural techniques, the decline of slaveholding, a more clement climate and the lack of invasion have all been suggested. <P0-S2> As much as 90 per cent of the European population remained rural peasants. <P0-S3> Many were no longer settled in isolated farms but had gathered into small communities, usually known as manors or villages. <P0-S4> These peasants were often subject to noble overlords and owed them rents and other services, in a system known as manorialism. <P0-S5> There remained a few free peasants throughout this period and beyond, with more of them in the regions of Southern Europe than in the north. <P0-S6> The practice of assarting, or bringing new lands into production by offering incentives to the peasants who settled them, also contributed to the expansion of population. <SEP> <P1-S0> argentinosaurus (meaning "argentine lizard") is a genus of titanosaur sauropod dinosaur first discovered by guillermo heredia in argentina. <P1-S1> the generic name refers to the country in which it was discovered. <P1-S2> the dinosaur lived on the then-island continent of south america somewhere between 97 and 93.5 million years ago, during the late cretaceous period. <P1-S3> it is among the largest known dinosaurs. <SEP> <P2-S0> Science and technology in Wallonia, the southern region of Belgium (Europe), is well developed with the presence of several universities and research institutes. <SEP> <P3-S0> The trees and rivers of the Ardennes provided the charcoal industry assets that enabled the great industrial period of Wallonia in the 18th and 19th centuries, when it was arguably the second great industrial region of the world, after England. <P3-S1> The greater region maintained an industrial eminence into the 20th century, after coal replaced charcoal in metallurgy. <SEP> <P4-S0> the jardin botanique de sedan is a botanical garden and city park located on philippoteaux avenue beside the place d'alsace-lorraine, sedan, ardennes, champagne-ardenne, france. <P4-S1> it is open daily without charge.
Question: What major conflict occurred during the Crisis of the Late Middle Ages, on the continent containing the region which shares a border with Champagne-Ardenne?

<P0-S0> Around 1300, centuries of prosperity and growth in Europe came to a halt. <P0-S1> A series of famines and plagues, including the Great Famine of 1315–1317 and the Black Death, reduced the population to around half of what it was before the calamities. <P0-S2> Along with depopulation came social unrest and endemic warfare. <P0-S3> France and England experienced serious peasant uprisings, such as the Jacquerie and the Peasants' Revolt, as well as over a century of intermittent conflict in the Hundred Years' War. <P0-S4> To add to the many problems of the period, the unity of the Catholic Church was shattered by the Western Schism. <P0-S5> Collectively these events are sometimes called the Crisis of the Late Middle Ages. <SEP> <P1-S0> The trees and rivers of the Ardennes provided the charcoal industry assets that enabled the great industrial period of Wallonia in the 18th and 19th centuries, when it was arguably the second great industrial region of the world, after England. <P1-S1> The greater region maintained an industrial eminence into the 20th century, after coal replaced charcoal in metallurgy. <SEP> <P2-S0> since the peace of westphalia, the upper rhine formed a contentious border between france and germany. <P2-S1> establishing "natural borders" on the rhine was a long-term goal of french foreign policy, since the middle ages, though the language border was – and is – far more to the west. <P2-S2> french leaders, such as louis xiv and napoleon bonaparte, tried with varying degrees of success to annex lands west of the rhine. <P2-S3> the confederation of the rhine was established by napoleon, as a french client state, in 1806 and lasted until 1814, during which time it served as a significant source of resources and military manpower for the first french empire. <P2-S4> in 1840, the rhine crisis, prompted by french prime minister adolphe thiers's desire to reinstate the rhine as a natural border, led to a diplomatic crisis and a wave of nationalism in germany. <SEP> <P3-S0> Science and technology in Wallonia, the southern region of Belgium (Europe), is well developed with the presence of several universities and research institutes. <SEP> <P4-S0> the kingdom of gera (1835 – 1887) was one of the kingdoms in the gibe region of ethiopia that emerged in the late 19th century. <P4-S1> it shared its northern border with the kingdom of gumma, its eastern border with the kingdom of gomma, and was separated from the kingdom of kaffa to the south by the gojeb river. <P4-S2> with its capital at chala (cira), the gera kingdom's territory corresponds approximately with the modern woreda of gera.
Question: Where in the continent where the mouth of the Tikhaya Sosna is located did the Black Death originate?

<P0-S0> The Battle of the Tanais River in 373 AD between the Huns and the Alans, was fought on the traditional border between Asia and Europe. <P0-S1> The Huns were victorious. <SEP> <P1-S0> gibbs point, a rock point on the antarctic peninsula, the most northern area of the continent of antarctica, was named for african american antarctic explorer, george w. gibbs, jr. on september 2, 2009. on that date, the advisory committee on antarctic names (u.s. board on geographic names) confirmed the place name in antarctica for gibbs as the first black explorer to set foot on the continent. <P1-S1> gibbs point is a rock point forming the northwest entrance to gaul cove, on the northeast of horseshoe island, marguerite bay, antarctic peninsula. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Black Death is thought to have originated in the dry plains of Central Asia, where it then travelled along the Silk Road, reaching Crimea by 1343. <P2-S1> From there, it was most likely carried by Oriental rat fleas living on the black rats that were regular passengers on merchant ships. <P2-S2> Spreading throughout the Mediterranean and Europe. <SEP> <P3-S0> the lobata have a pair of lobes, which are muscular, cuplike extensions of the body that project beyond the mouth. <P3-S1> their inconspicuous tentacles originate from the corners of the mouth, running in convoluted grooves and spreading out over the inner surface of the lobes (rather than trailing far behind, as in the cydippida). <P3-S2> between the lobes on either side of the mouth, many species of lobates have four auricles, gelatinous projections edged with cilia that produce water currents that help direct microscopic prey toward the mouth. <P3-S3> this combination of structures enables lobates to feed continuously on suspended planktonic prey. <SEP> <P4-S0> The river has its sources in the eastern part of Belgorod Oblast, on the southeastern slopes of the Central Russian Upland. <P4-S1> It flows in a northeasterly direction, and joins the Don some west of the town of Liski in Voronezh Oblast.
Question: When did the Black Death end on the continent where the watercourse that is the mouth of the Tikhaya Sosna is found?

<P0-S0> The Battle of the Tanais River in 373 AD between the Huns and the Alans, was fought on the traditional border between Asia and Europe. <P0-S1> The Huns were victorious. <SEP> <P1-S0> The Black Death is thought to have originated in the arid plains of Central Asia, where it then travelled along the Silk Road, reaching Crimea by 1343. <P1-S1> From there, it was most likely carried by Oriental rat fleas living on the black rats that were regular passengers on merchant ships. <P1-S2> Spreading throughout the Mediterranean and Europe, the Black Death is estimated to have killed 30 -- 60% of Europe's total population. <P1-S3> In total, the plague may have reduced the world population from an estimated 450 million down to 350 -- 375 million in the 14th century. <P1-S4> The world population as a whole did not recover to pre-plague levels until the 17th century. <P1-S5> The plague recurred occasionally in Europe until the 19th century. <SEP> <P2-S0> keppel bay is a broad bay in central queensland, australia at the mouth of the fitzroy river. <P2-S1> cape keppel is at the eastern end of the bay. <SEP> <P3-S0> gibbs point, a rock point on the antarctic peninsula, the most northern area of the continent of antarctica, was named for african american antarctic explorer, george w. gibbs, jr. on september 2, 2009. on that date, the advisory committee on antarctic names (u.s. board on geographic names) confirmed the place name in antarctica for gibbs as the first black explorer to set foot on the continent. <P3-S1> gibbs point is a rock point forming the northwest entrance to gaul cove, on the northeast of horseshoe island, marguerite bay, antarctic peninsula. <SEP> <P4-S0> The river has its sources in the eastern part of Belgorod Oblast, on the southeastern slopes of the Central Russian Upland. <P4-S1> It flows in a northeasterly direction, and joins the Don some west of the town of Liski in Voronezh Oblast.
Question: Who performed the album Live in the continent Tikhaya Sosna's mouth is located?

<P0-S0> fellatio (also known as fellation, and in slang as blowjob, bj, giving head, or sucking off) is an oral sex act involving the use of the mouth or throat, usually performed by a person on the penis of another person. <P0-S1> if performed on oneself, the act is called autofellatio. <P0-S2> oral stimulation of the scrotum may also be termed "fellatio", or colloquially as "teabagging." <SEP> <P1-S0> Live in Europe is the sixth album by trumpeter Dave Douglas, his first live album, and the third to feature his Tiny Bell Trio. <P1-S1> It was released on the Arabesque label in 1997 and features performances by Douglas, Brad Schoeppach and Jim Black. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Battle of the Tanais River in 373 AD between the Huns and the Alans, was fought on the traditional border between Asia and Europe. <P2-S1> The Huns were victorious. <SEP> <P3-S0> jesus at the center: live is a contemporary worship live album recorded and performed by israel & new breed. <P3-S1> the album is released by integrity media and columbia records. <P3-S2> the album was recorded live at lakewood church in early february 2012. <SEP> <P4-S0> The river has its sources in the eastern part of Belgorod Oblast, on the southeastern slopes of the Central Russian Upland. <P4-S1> It flows in a northeasterly direction, and joins the Don some west of the town of Liski in Voronezh Oblast.
Question: In which area of the continent where the mouth of the Tikhaya Sosna is located did the Renaissance begin?

<P0-S0> The Renaissance (UK: / rɪˈneɪsəns /, US: / rɛnəˈsɑːns /) is a period in European history, covering the span between the 14th and 17th centuries. <P0-S1> It is an extension of the Middle Ages, and is bridged by the Age of Enlightenment to modern history. <P0-S2> It grew in fragments, with the very first traces found seemingly in Italy, coming to cover much of Europe, for some scholars marking the beginning of the modern age. <SEP> <P1-S0> predjama castle (slovene: predjamski grad or grad predjama, german: höhlenburg lueg, italian: castel lueghi) is a renaissance castle built within a cave mouth in south - central slovenia, in the historical region of inner carniola. <P1-S1> it is located in the village of predjama, approximately 11 kilometres from the town of postojna and 9 kilometres from postojna cave. <SEP> <P2-S0> the ohlanga river is a river in kwazulu-natal, south africa, which empties into the indian ocean just north of umhlanga, kwazulu-natal, north of durban. <P2-S1> the river has extensive reed beds in the estuary at its mouth, which is only 7 km further southwest from the mouth of the mdloti river. <P2-S2> presently this river is part of the mvoti to umzimkulu water management area. <SEP> <P3-S0> The Battle of the Tanais River in 373 AD between the Huns and the Alans, was fought on the traditional border between Asia and Europe. <P3-S1> The Huns were victorious. <SEP> <P4-S0> The river has its sources in the eastern part of Belgorod Oblast, on the southeastern slopes of the Central Russian Upland. <P4-S1> It flows in a northeasterly direction, and joins the Don some west of the town of Liski in Voronezh Oblast.
Question: Where is the biggest Buddha statue in the continent Tikhaya Sosna's mouth is located?

<P0-S0> The river has its sources in the eastern part of Belgorod Oblast, on the southeastern slopes of the Central Russian Upland. <P0-S1> It flows in a northeasterly direction, and joins the Don some west of the town of Liski in Voronezh Oblast. <SEP> <P1-S0> The Battle of the Tanais River in 373 AD between the Huns and the Alans, was fought on the traditional border between Asia and Europe. <P1-S1> The Huns were victorious. <SEP> <P2-S0> obbola is a locality situated in umeå municipality, västerbotten county, sweden with 2,197 inhabitants in 2010. it is located close to the town of holmsund. <P2-S1> obbola lies to the west of the mouth of ume river at the gulf of bothnia in the baltic sea. <P2-S2> sca is the biggest employer in the locality. <P2-S3> in the school in obbola there are pupils from grade one to grade nine. <P2-S4> after that most of the pupils continue in the city of umeå. <SEP> <P3-S0> The Pagode de Vincennes Buddhist temple, near Lake Daumesnil in the Bois de Vincennes, is the former Cameroon pavilion from the 1931 Paris Colonial Exposition. <P3-S1> It hosts several different schools of Buddhism, and does not have a single leader. <P3-S2> It shelters the biggest Buddha statue in Europe, more than nine metres high. <P3-S3> There are two other small temples located in the Asian community in the 13th arrondissement. <P3-S4> A Hindu temple, dedicated to Ganesh, on Rue Pajol in the 18th arrondissement, opened in 1985. <SEP> <P4-S0> memorial fountain and statue are a historic fountain and statue located in memorial square at chambersburg in franklin county, pennsylvania. <P4-S1> they were installed in 1878, and built of cast iron. <P4-S2> the fountain basin is hexagonal and 30 feet in diameter. <P4-S3> it features eight flower vases positioned around it. <P4-S4> the central shaft is 26 feet high and topped by a turned finial. <P4-S5> at the base of the shaft are four cherubs riding dolphins. <P4-S6> water projects from each of the dolphin's mouths. <P4-S7> the statue is of a uniformed soldier with rifle, standing 6 feet tall.
Question: When did the Black Plague start on the continent that has the river with the Tikhaya Sosna as its mouth?

<P0-S0> primary teeth start to form during the embryo phase of pregnancy. <P0-S1> the development of primary teeth starts at the sixth week of tooth development as the dental lamina. <P0-S2> this process starts at the midline and then spreads back into the posterior region. <P0-S3> by the time the embryo is eight weeks old, there are ten buds on the upper and lower arches that will eventually become the primary (deciduous) dentition. <P0-S4> these teeth will continue to form until they erupt in the mouth. <P0-S5> in the primary dentition there are a total of twenty teeth: five per quadrant and ten per arch. <P0-S6> the eruption of these teeth (``teething '') begins at the age of six months and continues until twenty - five to thirty - three months of age during the primary dentition period. <P0-S7> usually, the first teeth seen in the mouth are the mandibular centrals and the last are the maxillary second molars. <SEP> <P1-S0> The Battle of the Tanais River in 373 AD between the Huns and the Alans, was fought on the traditional border between Asia and Europe. <P1-S1> The Huns were victorious. <SEP> <P2-S0> the black death is thought to have originated in the arid plains of central asia, where it then travelled along the silk road, reaching crimea by 1343. from there, it was most likely carried by oriental rat fleas living on the black rats that were regular passengers on merchant ships. <P2-S1> spreading throughout the mediterranean and europe, the black death is estimated to have killed 30–60% of europe's total population. <P2-S2> in total, the plague reduced the world population from an estimated 450 million down to 350–375 million in the 14th century. <P2-S3> the world population as a whole did not recover to pre-plague levels until the 17th century. <P2-S4> the plague recurred occasionally in europe until the 19th century. <SEP> <P3-S0> The disease may have travelled along the Silk Road with Mongol armies and traders or it could have come via ship. <P3-S1> By the end of 1346, reports of plague had reached the seaports of Europe: ``India was depopulated, Tartary, Mesopotamia, Syria, Armenia were covered with dead bodies ''. <SEP> <P4-S0> The river has its sources in the eastern part of Belgorod Oblast, on the southeastern slopes of the Central Russian Upland. <P4-S1> It flows in a northeasterly direction, and joins the Don some west of the town of Liski in Voronezh Oblast.
Question: How many Jews live in the continent having the mouth of the watercourse of Tikhaya Sosna?

<P0-S0> jews in new york city comprise approximately 13 percent of the city's population, making the jewish community the largest in the world outside of israel. <P0-S1> as of 2014, 1.1 million jews live in the five boroughs of new york city, and 1.75 million jews live in new york state overall. <P0-S2> jews have immigrated to new york city since the first settlement in dutch new amsterdam in 1654, most notably at the end of the 19th century to the early 20th century, when the jewish population rose from about 80,000 in 1880 to 1.5 million in 1920. the large jewish population has led to a significant impact on the culture of new york city. <P0-S3> after many decades of decline in the 20th century, the jewish population of new york city has seen a sharp increase in the 21st century owing to the high birth rate of the hasidic and orthodox communities. <SEP> <P1-S0> the lobata have a pair of lobes, which are muscular, cuplike extensions of the body that project beyond the mouth. <P1-S1> their inconspicuous tentacles originate from the corners of the mouth, running in convoluted grooves and spreading out over the inner surface of the lobes (rather than trailing far behind, as in the cydippida). <P1-S2> between the lobes on either side of the mouth, many species of lobates have four auricles, gelatinous projections edged with cilia that produce water currents that help direct microscopic prey toward the mouth. <P1-S3> this combination of structures enables lobates to feed continuously on suspended planktonic prey. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Battle of the Tanais River in 373 AD between the Huns and the Alans, was fought on the traditional border between Asia and Europe. <P2-S1> The Huns were victorious. <SEP> <P3-S0> The river has its sources in the eastern part of Belgorod Oblast, on the southeastern slopes of the Central Russian Upland. <P3-S1> It flows in a northeasterly direction, and joins the Don some west of the town of Liski in Voronezh Oblast. <SEP> <P4-S0> According to a report published in 2014, about 43% of all Jews reside in Israel (6.1 million), and 40% in the United States (5.7 million), with most of the remainder living in Europe (1.4 million) and Canada (0.4 million). <P4-S1> These numbers include all those who self-identified as Jews in a socio-demographic study or were identified as such by a respondent in the same household. <P4-S2> The exact world Jewish population, however, is difficult to measure. <P4-S3> In addition to issues with census methodology, disputes among proponents of halakhic, secular, political, and ancestral identification factors regarding who is a Jew may affect the figure considerably depending on the source.
Question: When did the continent that holds the watercourse that is the mouth of the Tikhaya Sosna, arrive at its current location?

<P0-S0> The geological history of Europe traces back to the formation of the Baltic Shield (Fennoscandia) and the Sarmatian craton, both around 2.25 billion years ago, followed by the Volgo -- Uralia shield, the three together leading to the East European craton (≈ Baltica) which became a part of the supercontinent Columbia. <P0-S1> Around 1.1 billion years ago, Baltica and Arctica (as part of the Laurentia block) became joined to Rodinia, later resplitting around 550 million years ago to reform as Baltica. <P0-S2> Around 440 million years ago Euramerica was formed from Baltica and Laurentia; a further joining with Gondwana then leading to the formation of Pangea. <P0-S3> Around 190 million years ago, Gondwana and Laurasia split apart due to the widening of the Atlantic Ocean. <P0-S4> Finally, and very soon afterwards, Laurasia itself split up again, into Laurentia (North America) and the Eurasian continent. <P0-S5> The land connection between the two persisted for a considerable time, via Greenland, leading to interchange of animal species. <P0-S6> From around 50 million years ago, rising and falling sea levels have determined the actual shape of Europe, and its connections with continents such as Asia. <P0-S7> Europe's present shape dates to the late Tertiary period about five million years ago. <SEP> <P1-S0> The Battle of the Tanais River in 373 AD between the Huns and the Alans, was fought on the traditional border between Asia and Europe. <P1-S1> The Huns were victorious. <SEP> <P2-S0> moody brook is a small watercourse that flows into stanley harbour on east falkland, falkland islands. <P2-S1> it is near stanley, just to the north west, and was formerly the location of the town barracks, which were attacked in operation azul, the 1982 argentine invasion of the falkland islands. <SEP> <P3-S0> a first fleet of british ships arrived at botany bay in january 1788 to establish a penal colony, the first colony on the australian mainland. <P3-S1> in the century that followed, the british established other colonies on the continent, and european explorers ventured into its interior. <P3-S2> indigenous australians were greatly weakened and their numbers diminished by introduced diseases and conflict with the colonists during this period. <SEP> <P4-S0> The river has its sources in the eastern part of Belgorod Oblast, on the southeastern slopes of the Central Russian Upland. <P4-S1> It flows in a northeasterly direction, and joins the Don some west of the town of Liski in Voronezh Oblast.
Question: How much of the continent having the mouth of the watercourse of Tikhaya Sosna does the Alps cover?

<P0-S0> "bass to mouth" is the tenth episode of the fifteenth season of the american animated television series "south park", and the 219th episode overall. <P0-S1> it first aired on comedy central in the united states on october 19, 2011. much of the episode's plot alludes to wikileaks and its surrounding controversy. <SEP> <P1-S0> the port of brookings harbor is the port authority for the city of brookings, oregon, united states, and serving the neighboring community of harbor. <P1-S1> the district covers from the mouth of the chetco river south to the oregon-california border, north to the mouth of the pistol river, and east to the curry-josephine county line. <P1-S2> the district is governed by a five-member commission elected at-large from the district population of approximately 16,000. <SEP> <P2-S0> The river has its sources in the eastern part of Belgorod Oblast, on the southeastern slopes of the Central Russian Upland. <P2-S1> It flows in a northeasterly direction, and joins the Don some west of the town of Liski in Voronezh Oblast. <SEP> <P3-S0> The Alps provide lowland Europe with drinking water, irrigation, and hydroelectric power. <P3-S1> Although the area is only about 11 percent of the surface area of Europe, the Alps provide up to 90 percent of water to lowland Europe, particularly to arid areas and during the summer months. <P3-S2> Cities such as Milan depend on 80 percent of water from Alpine runoff. <P3-S3> Water from the rivers is used in over 500 hydroelectricity power plants, generating as much as 2900 kilowatts of electricity. <SEP> <P4-S0> The Battle of the Tanais River in 373 AD between the Huns and the Alans, was fought on the traditional border between Asia and Europe. <P4-S1> The Huns were victorious.
Question: Who is the original broadcaster of the "Tonight", bearing the name of the continent with the river, whose mouth is the Tikhaya Sosna?

<P0-S0> "dancing tonight" is a single by american singer kat deluna, the fourth single from her second studio album "inside out". <P0-S1> the original title of the song was in fact "we'll be dancing", with the original top-line conceptualized and written by sebastian la'mar jones. <P0-S2> jones then brought aboard dallas diamond, a then college student and friend enrolled at full sail university, to help finish the record. <P0-S3> "dancing tonight" was produced by eightysix. <SEP> <P1-S0> Europe Tonight is an evening television business news programme which was broadcast on CNBC Europe from 2004 to 2009. <P1-S1> The programme was most recently presented by Guy Johnson and Anna Edwards. <SEP> <P2-S0> the bloukrans river is a short river located in the tsitsikamma region of the garden route, south africa. <P2-S1> it is located on the border between the western cape and eastern cape provinces. <P2-S2> the river mouth is located east of nature's valley, the bloukrans bridge spans the river near the mouth and the bloukrans pass is close by. <P2-S3> the river originates near peak formosa in the plettenberg bay region. <SEP> <P3-S0> The river has its sources in the eastern part of Belgorod Oblast, on the southeastern slopes of the Central Russian Upland. <P3-S1> It flows in a northeasterly direction, and joins the Don some west of the town of Liski in Voronezh Oblast. <SEP> <P4-S0> The Battle of the Tanais River in 373 AD between the Huns and the Alans, was fought on the traditional border between Asia and Europe. <P4-S1> The Huns were victorious.
Question: How many immigrants were in Paris in 2012 from the continent Tikhaya Sosna's mouth is located?

<P0-S0> The Battle of the Tanais River in 373 AD between the Huns and the Alans, was fought on the traditional border between Asia and Europe. <P0-S1> The Huns were victorious. <SEP> <P1-S0> The remaining group, people born in foreign countries with no French citizenship at birth, are those defined as immigrants under French law. <P1-S1> According to the 2012 census, 135,853 residents of the city of Paris were immigrants from Europe, 112,369 were immigrants from the Maghreb, 70,852 from sub-Saharan Africa and Egypt, 5,059 from Turkey, 91,297 from Asia (outside Turkey), 38,858 from the Americas, and 1,365 from the South Pacific. <P1-S2> Note that the immigrants from the Americas and the South Pacific in Paris are vastly outnumbered by migrants from French overseas regions and territories located in these regions of the world. <SEP> <P2-S0> the population of paris in its administrative city limits was 2,241,346 in january 2014. this makes paris the fifth largest municipality in the european union, following london, berlin, madrid and rome. <P2-S1> eurostat, the statistical agency of the eu, places paris (6.5 million people) second behind london (8 million) and ahead of berlin (3.5 million), based on the 2012 populations of what eurostat calls "urban audit core cities". <P2-S2> the paris urban area, or "unité urbaine", is a statistical area created by the french statistical agency insee to measure the population of built-up areas around the city. <P2-S3> it is slightly smaller than the paris region. <P2-S4> according to insee, the paris urban area had a population of 10,550,350 at the january 2012 census, the most populous in the european union, and third most populous in europe, behind istanbul and moscow. <P2-S5> the paris metropolitan area is the second most populous in the european union after london with a population of 12,341,418 at the jan. 2012 census. <SEP> <P3-S0> the average net household income (after social, pension and health insurance contributions) in paris was €36,085 for 2011. it ranged from €22,095 in the 19th arrondissement to €82,449 in the 7th arrondissement. <P3-S1> the median taxable income for 2011 was around €25,000 in paris and €22,200 for île-de-france. <P3-S2> generally speaking, incomes are higher in the western part of the city and in the western suburbs than in the northern and eastern parts of the urban area. <P3-S3> [citation needed] unemployment was estimated at 8.2 percent in the city of paris and 8.8 percent in the île-de-france region in the first trimester of 2015. it ranged from 7.6 percent in the wealthy essonne department to 13.1 percent in the seine-saint-denis department, where many recent immigrants live. <SEP> <P4-S0> The river has its sources in the eastern part of Belgorod Oblast, on the southeastern slopes of the Central Russian Upland. <P4-S1> It flows in a northeasterly direction, and joins the Don some west of the town of Liski in Voronezh Oblast.
Question: Paper as we know it would not have been available in the continent where the mouth of Tikhaya Sosna exists until when?

<P0-S0> in december 2013, netflix announced that the entire first season would be available for streaming in the u.s. after the airing of the first - season finale, and in latin america and europe each episode would be available a few days after the episode airs in the u.s. however, the first season was not released on netflix in the u.s. until february 1, 2016. <SEP> <P1-S0> The river has its sources in the eastern part of Belgorod Oblast, on the southeastern slopes of the Central Russian Upland. <P1-S1> It flows in a northeasterly direction, and joins the Don some west of the town of Liski in Voronezh Oblast. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Battle of the Tanais River in 373 AD between the Huns and the Alans, was fought on the traditional border between Asia and Europe. <P2-S1> The Huns were victorious. <SEP> <P3-S0> the uk ministry of justice published on 3 july 2007 a green paper entitled the governance of britain, in which it proposed the establishment of a ``youth citizenship commission ''. <P3-S1> the commission would examine the case for lowering the voting age. <P3-S2> on launching the paper in the house of commons, pm gordon brown said:`` although the voting age has been 18 since 1969, it is right, as part of that debate, to examine, and hear from young people themselves, whether lowering that age would increase participation.'' <SEP> <P4-S0> Paper is a white material primarily used for writing. <P4-S1> Although contemporary precursors such as papyrus and amate existed in the Mediterranean world and pre-Columbian Americas, respectively, these materials are not defined as true paper. <P4-S2> The first papermaking process was documented in China during the Eastern Han period (25 -- 220 C.E. <P4-S3> ), traditionally attributed to the court official Cai Lun. <P4-S4> During the 8th century, Chinese papermaking spread to the Islamic world, where pulp mills and paper mills were used for money making. <P4-S5> By the 11th century, papermaking was brought to medieval Europe, where it was refined with the earliest known paper mills utilizing waterwheels. <P4-S6> Later Western improvements to the papermaking process came in the 19th century with the invention of wood - based papers.
Question: What characterized the end of the 18th Century, on the continent that has the river with the Tikhaya Sosna as its mouth?

<P0-S0> logging in the laurentian highlands became an important economic activity during the second half of the 18th century. <P0-S1> the jacques-cartier river was used for log drives to transport the logs to the saint-lawrence river and to the mills downstream. <P0-S2> this practice was only stopped in 1975. with the settlement of french immigrants near the river's mouth came the formation of townships (modelled after english townships after their conquest of 1759) and new industries appeared such as flour mills. <SEP> <P1-S0> Early modern Europe is the period of European history between the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, roughly the late 15th century to the late 18th century. <P1-S1> Historians variously mark the beginning of the early modern period with the invention of moveable type printing in the 1450s, the Fall of Constantinople in 1453, the end of the Wars of the Roses in 1487, the beginning of the High Renaissance in Italy in the 1490s, the end of the Reconquista and subsequent voyages of Christopher Columbus to the Americas in 1492, or the start of the Protestant Reformation in 1517. <P1-S2> The precise dates of its end point also vary and are usually linked with either the start of the French Revolution in 1789 or with the more vaguely defined beginning of the Industrial Revolution in late 18th century England. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Battle of the Tanais River in 373 AD between the Huns and the Alans, was fought on the traditional border between Asia and Europe. <P2-S1> The Huns were victorious. <SEP> <P3-S0> romanticism (also the romantic era or the romantic period) was an artistic, literary, musical and intellectual movement that originated in europe toward the end of the 18th century, and in most areas was at its peak in the approximate period from 1800 to 1850. romanticism was characterized by its emphasis on emotion and individualism as well as glorification of all the past and nature, preferring the medieval rather than the classical. <P3-S1> it was partly a reaction to the industrial revolution, the aristocratic social and political norms of the age of enlightenment, and the scientific rationalization of nature -- all components of modernity. <P3-S2> it was embodied most strongly in the visual arts, music, and literature, but had a major impact on historiography, education, and the natural sciences. <P3-S3> it had a significant and complex effect on politics, with romantic thinkers influencing liberalism, radicalism, conservatism and nationalism. <SEP> <P4-S0> The river has its sources in the eastern part of Belgorod Oblast, on the southeastern slopes of the Central Russian Upland. <P4-S1> It flows in a northeasterly direction, and joins the Don some west of the town of Liski in Voronezh Oblast.
Question: UCL Partners is the largest type of what facility in the continent Tikhaya Sosna is located?

<P0-S0> The river has its sources in the eastern part of Belgorod Oblast, on the southeastern slopes of the Central Russian Upland. <P0-S1> It flows in a northeasterly direction, and joins the Don some west of the town of Liski in Voronezh Oblast. <SEP> <P1-S0> London is home to five major medical schools – Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (part of Queen Mary), King's College London School of Medicine (the largest medical school in Europe), Imperial College School of Medicine, UCL Medical School and St George's, University of London – and has a large number of affiliated teaching hospitals. <P1-S1> It is also a major centre for biomedical research, and three of the UK's five academic health science centres are based in the city – Imperial College Healthcare, King's Health Partners and UCL Partners (the largest such centre in Europe). <SEP> <P2-S0> maria river, a watercourse of the hastings river catchment, is located in the mid north coast region of new south wales, australia. <SEP> <P3-S0> The Battle of the Tanais River in 373 AD between the Huns and the Alans, was fought on the traditional border between Asia and Europe. <P3-S1> The Huns were victorious. <SEP> <P4-S0> barcoongere river, a watercourse of the wooli wooli river catchment, is located in the northern rivers region of new south wales, australia.