Question: In what year did the country where the birthplace of Steven Blankaart is found, refuse to surrender Namibia?

<P0-S0> Boschmanskop No 1+2 Dam, is an earth-fill type dam on the Woes-Alleen River, near Middelburg, Mpumalanga, South Africa. <P0-S1> It was established in 1995. <P0-S2> Its primary purpose is flood control and it is owned by Optimum Colliery Pullen's Hope. <SEP> <P1-S0> the word psychology derives from greek roots meaning study of the psyche, or soul (ψυχή psukhē, ``breath, spirit, soul ''and - λογία - logia,`` study of'' or ``research ''). <P1-S1> the latin word psychologia was first used by the croatian humanist and latinist marko marulić in his book, psichiologia de ratione animae humanae in the late 15th century or early 16th century. <P1-S2> the earliest known reference to the word psychology in english was by steven blankaart in 1694 in the physical dictionary which refers to`` anatomy, which treats the body, and psychology, which treats of the soul.'' <SEP> <P2-S0> South Africa occupied the colony in 1915 after defeating the German force during World War I and administered it from 1919 onward as a League of Nations mandate territory. <P2-S1> Although the South African government desired to incorporate 'South-West Africa' into its territory, it never officially did so, although it was administered as the de facto 'fifth province', with the white minority having representation in the whites-only Parliament of South Africa, as well as electing their own local administration the SWA Legislative Assembly. <P2-S2> The South African government also appointed the SWA administrator, who had extensive powers. <P2-S3> Following the League's replacement by the United Nations in 1946, South Africa refused to surrender its earlier mandate to be replaced by a United Nations Trusteeship agreement, requiring closer international monitoring of the territory's administration (along with a definite independence schedule). <P2-S4> The Herero Chief's Council submitted a number of petitions to the UN calling for it to grant Namibia independence during the 1950s. <P2-S5> During the 1960s, when European powers granted independence to their colonies and trust territories in Africa, pressure mounted on South Africa to do so in Namibia. <P2-S6> In 1966 the International Court of Justice dismissed a complaint brought by Ethiopia and Liberia against South Africa's continued presence in the territory, but the U.N. General Assembly subsequently revoked South Africa's mandate, while in 1971 the International Court of Justice issued an "advisory opinion" declaring South Africa's continued administration to be illegal. <SEP> <P3-S0> Steven Blankaart (24 October 1650, Middelburg – 23 February 1704, Amsterdam) was a Dutch physician, iatrochemist, and entomologist, who worked on the same field as Jan Swammerdam. <P3-S1> Blankaart proved the existence of a capillary system, as had been suggested by Leonardo da Vinci, by spouting up blood vessels, though he failed to realize the true significance of his findings. <P3-S2> He is known for his development of injection techniques for this study and for writing the first Dutch book on child medicine. <P3-S3> Blankaart translated works of John Mayow. <SEP> <P4-S0> in august 1993, prior to the end of apartheid, the multiparty negotiating forum in south africa passed a resolution calling for ``the incorporation - reintegration of walvis bay and the off - shore islands into namibia. <P4-S1> ''the transfer of walvis bay to namibia act was passed by the parliament of south africa that year. <P4-S2> following the signing of a treaty between the two countries, south africa formally transferred sovereignty of walvis bay and the penguin islands to namibia on 1 march 1994.