Question: When was the human development index adopted by the organization that the US, and the entity that Russia was called after the russian revolution, became important members of?

<P0-S0> The Soviet Union suffered greatly in the war, losing around 27 million people. <P0-S1> Approximately 2.8 million Soviet POWs died of starvation, mistreatment, or executions in just eight months of 1941 -- 42. <P0-S2> During the war, the Soviet Union together with the United States, the United Kingdom and China were considered as the Big Four of Allied powers in World War II and later became the Four Policemen which was the foundation of the United Nations Security Council. <P0-S3> It emerged as a superpower in the post-war period. <P0-S4> Once denied diplomatic recognition by the Western world, the Soviet Union had official relations with practically every nation by the late 1940s. <P0-S5> A member of the United Nations at its foundation in 1945, the Soviet Union became one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council, which gave it the right to veto any of its resolutions. <SEP> <P1-S0> The Russian Revolution was a pair of revolutions in Russia in 1917 which dismantled the Tsarist autocracy and led to the rise of the Soviet Union. <P1-S1> The Russian Empire collapsed with the abdication of Emperor Nicholas II and the old regime was replaced by a provisional government during the first revolution of February 1917 (March in the Gregorian calendar; the older Julian calendar was in use in Russia at the time). <P1-S2> Alongside it arose grassroots community assemblies (called 'soviets') which contended for authority. <P1-S3> In the second revolution that October, the Provisional Government was toppled and all power was given to the soviets. <SEP> <P2-S0> the body that would become the senate was established in 1809, when tsar alexander i of russia summoned the diet of porvoo and directed the diet to draw up regulations for a government council. <P2-S1> in 1816, alexander renamed this body the senate to demonstrate that it was equal to rather than inferior to its russian equivalent.the senate was headed by the governor-general of finland. <P2-S2> the members of the senate had to be finnish citizens. <P2-S3> the senate was divided into the economic division and the judicial division. <P2-S4> in 1822 both divisions were given a finnish vice-chairman. <P2-S5> from 1858 and onwards the members of the senate were formally known as senators. <P2-S6> after the february revolution in russia the vice chairman of the economic division became the chairman of the senate. <P2-S7> due to the civil war in 1918 the senate was relocated to the town of vaasa from january 29 to may 3. <SEP> <P3-S0> the region of modern eastern europe and central eurasia (russia, ukraine and other countries of the ex-ussr) have a long history of christianity and christian communities on its lands. <P3-S1> in ancient times, in the first centuries after the birth of christ, when this region was called[by whom?] <P3-S2> scythia - christians already lived there. <P3-S3> later the region saw the first states to adopt christianity officially - initially in armenia (301 ad) and in georgia (337 ad), later in the great russian principality (kyivan rus, russian: великое княжество русское, ca 988 ad). <P3-S4> people of that time used to denote themselves christians (христиане, крестьяне) and russians (русские). <P3-S5> both terms had strong christian connotations. <P3-S6> [citation needed] it is also interesting that in time the term "крестьяне" acquired the meaning "peasants of christian faith" and later "peasants" (the main part of the population of the region), while the term "христиане" retained its religious meaning and the term "русские" began to mean representatives of the heterogeneous russian nation formed on the basis of common christian faith and language,[citation needed] which strongly influenced the history and development of the region. <P3-S7> in the region the "pravoslav faith" (православная вера - orthodox faith) or "russian faith" (русская вера) from earliest times became almost as known as the original "christian faith" (христианская, крестьянская вера). <P3-S8> also in some contexts the term "cossack" (козак, казак - free man by the will of god) was used[by whom?] <P3-S9> to denote "free" christians of steppe origin and russian language. <SEP> <P4-S0> The origins of the HDI are found in the annual Human Development Reports produced by the Human Development Reports Office of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). <P4-S1> These were devised and launched by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq in 1990, and had the explicit purpose ``to shift the focus of development economics from national income accounting to people - centered policies ''. <P4-S2> To produce the Human Development Reports, Mahbub ul Haq formed a group of development economists including Paul Streeten, Frances Stewart, Gustav Ranis, Keith Griffin, Farhan C.M, Sudhir Anand, and Meghnad Desai. <P4-S3> Nobel laureate Amartya Sen utilized Haq's work in his own work on human capabilities. <P4-S4> Haq believed that a simple composite measure of human development was needed to convince the public, academics, and politicians that they can and should evaluate development not only by economic advances but also improvements in human well - being.