winkelee/scaling-down huggingface dataset:
Question: Near what trail is a lake Rangeley Lake  flows into?

<P0-S0> Rangeley Lake is located in Franklin County, Maine in the United States. <P0-S1>  It is fed by several streams. <P0-S2>  Its waters flow out from the lake's northwestern end into the short Rangeley River, then into Mooselookmeguntic Lake, and ultimately into the Androscoggin River, Merrymeeting Bay, the lower Kennebec River, the Gulf of Maine and the Atlantic Ocean. <SEP> <P1-S0> Mooselookmeguntic Lake is located in Franklin County and Oxford County, Maine, in the United States. <P1-S1>  It is part of the Androscoggin River watershed. <P1-S2>  It is located in the western part of Maine, near the border with the state of New Hampshire and the Canadian province of Quebec. <P1-S3>  The lake is just a few miles from the Appalachian Trail. <SEP> <P2-S0> Mud Lake is located by Redwood, New York. <P2-S1>  The water from adjacent Crystal Lake flows into Mud Lake and the outlet flows into Butterfield Lake. <P2-S2>  Fish species present in the lake are northern pike, yellow perch, brown bullhead, and bluegill. <P2-S3>  The outlet of the lake flows into Butterfield Lake. <P2-S4>  There is only carry-down boat access on this lake. <SEP> <P3-S0> The Grass River is a 2.3 mi river in Antrim County in the U.S. state of Michigan. <P3-S1>  It is part of the Elk River Chain of Lakes Watershed that begins in northern Antrim County with Intermediate Lake, which is connected by the Intermediate River with Lake Bellaire. <P3-S2>  The Grass River flows from Lake Bellaire into Clam Lake, which in turn drains into Torch Lake via the short Clam River. <P3-S3>  Torch Lake itself is drained by the Torch River, which flows into Lake Skegemog, which opens into Elk Lake. <P3-S4>  Elk Lake flows into the east arm of Grand Traverse Bay at Elk Rapids.
Question: What song, by English singer, songwriter and model born 22 August 1995, was written by Caroline Ailin, Emily Warren and Ian Kirkpatrick?

<P0-S0> Emily Warren Schwartz (born August 25, 1992), also known simply as Emily Warren, is an American singer and multi-platinum songwriter signed to Dr. Luke's label Prescription Songs. <P0-S1>  She is best known for the songs she has written for several high-profile pop artists, including The Chainsmokers, Frenship, Sean Paul, Melanie Martinez, and Shawn Mendes. <SEP> <P1-S0> "Blackout" is a song by American electronic rock duo Breathe Carolina. <P1-S1>  It is the lead single from their third studio album "Hell Is What You Make It". <P1-S2>  It was written by David Schmitt, Kyle Even, Eric Armenta, Joshua Aragon, and Luis Bonet, whilst production was handled by Ian Kirkpatrick. <P1-S3>  Recorded between late 2010 and early 2011, it was one of the first tracks recorded for the album. <P1-S4>  On December 22, 2010, a snippet of the song was previewed in a YouTube video by Fearless Records. <P1-S5>  It premiered via MTV Buzzworthy on June 13, 2011, while it was available for digital download the following day. <SEP> <P2-S0> Dua Lipa ( ; ] ; born 22 August 1995) is an English singer, songwriter and model. <P2-S1>  Her musical career began at age 16, when she began covering songs by other artists on YouTube. <P2-S2>  In 2015, she was signed with Warner Music Group, and released her first single soon after. <P2-S3>  In December 2016, a documentary about Lipa was commissioned by "The Fader" magazine, titled "See in Blue". <P2-S4>  In January 2017, she won the EBBA Public Choice Award. <P2-S5>  Her self-titled debut studio album was released on 2 June 2017. <P2-S6>  The album spawned seven singles, including the top-10 single "Be the One" and the number-one single "New Rules". <SEP> <P3-S0> "New Rules" is a song by English singer Dua Lipa from her eponymous debut studio album (2017). <P3-S1>  The track was written by Caroline Ailin, Emily Warren and Ian Kirkpatrick, while production was handled by the latter. <P3-S2>  It was released to contemporary hit radio in the United Kingdom on 21 July 2017 as the album's sixth single. <P3-S3>  It impacted the same format in the United States on 22 August 2017.
Question: What arms firm develops a promotional calendar using models often featured bare-breasted in other newspapers?

<P0-S0> Hot Shots Calendar is a promotional calendar featuring glamour models for the UK based arms firm Edgar Brothers, the calendar has been in existence since 2009. <P0-S1>  Several of the models are current or former "Page 3" girls from the UK's "The Sun" newspaper which has over 2 million readers. <SEP> <P1-S0> Page 3 is a colloquial term for a feature formerly included in the British tabloid newspaper "The Sun". <P1-S1>  The phrase originates with the publication of a large photograph of a topless, bare-breasted female glamour model which was usually published on the print edition's third page. <P1-S2>  The feature first appeared in the newspaper on 17 November 1970 and on the official Page 3 website since June 1999, where it still continues. <P1-S3>  The terms "Page 3" and "Page Three" are registered trademarks of News UK, parent company of "The Sun", although the feature has been imitated in Britain's other 'red top' tabloids and by newspapers internationally. <SEP> <P2-S0> BINDER is a provider of equipment for the field of science and industry. <P2-S1>  The company specializes in simulation chambers for the scientific and industrial laboratory. <P2-S2>  The firm develops and manufactures its simulation chambers in Germany and distributes them worldwide. <P2-S3>  BINDER was founded in 1983 in Tuttlingen, Germany by Peter Michael Binder and remains a family-owned enterprise. <P2-S4>  BINDER has approximately 350 employees worldwide and operates subsidiaries in 3 continents in conjunction with global representation by distributors in all major markets. <SEP> <P3-S0> The Jewish Talmudic Calendar is a lunisolar calendar using Tishri-years, observed by the Jewish people since the Late Antiquity (AD 300-700). <P3-S1>  While it is based on Nisan-years, which began from the prebiblical Babylonian times (c. 2000 BC), and the Tishri-years was formed in the time of David (c. 1000 BC), the full formation of the Jewish Talmudic Calendar was during the time of the writing of Talmud (c. AD 300-600), usually attributed to Hillel II.
Question: Adebayo Akinfenwa was a star in the 2006 Football League Trophy Final, but know plays for this team?

<P0-S0> Saheed Adebayo Akinfenwa (born 10 May 1982), known as Adebayo Akinfenwa and nicknamed "The Beast", is an English professional footballer who plays as a striker for Wycombe Wanderers. <P0-S1>  He is known for his physical strength and heavy build. <SEP> <P1-S0> The 2016 Football League Trophy Final was a football match played at Wembley Stadium on 3 April 2016 to decide the winner of the 2015–16 Football League Trophy, the 32nd edition of the Football League Trophy, a knock-out tournament for the 48 teams in League One and League Two. <SEP> <P2-S0> The 2006 Football League Trophy Final was the 23rd final of the domestic football cup competition for teams from Football Leagues One and Two, the Football League Trophy. <P2-S1>  The final was played at Millennium Stadium in Cardiff on 2 April 2006. <P2-S2>  The match was contested between Swansea City and Carlisle United. <P2-S3>  Swansea City won the match 2–1 with goals from Lee Trundle and Adebayo Akinfenwa. <SEP> <P3-S0> The 1993 Football League Trophy Final (known as the Autoglass Trophy for sponsorship reasons) was the 10th final of the domestic football cup competition for teams from Football League Second and Third Division, the Football League Trophy. <P3-S1>  The final was played at the Wembley Stadium in London on 22 May 1993. <P3-S2>  The match was contested by Port Vale and Stockport County. <P3-S3>  Port Vale won the match 2–1 with Paul Kerr and Bernie Slaven the scorers. <P3-S4>  The attendance was 35,885, all but 8,000 of which were Vale supporters.
Question: Which brothers who played the Wright Brothers produced the western, The Long Riders?

<P0-S0> The Wright Brothers is a 1971 American TV movie about the Wright brothers. <P0-S1>  It stars real-life brothers James Keach and Stacy Keach in the title roles. <P0-S2>  This gave them the idea to play Frank and Jesse James, which led to "The Long Riders" (1980). <SEP> <P1-S0> The Long Riders is a 1980 American western film directed by Walter Hill. <P1-S1>  It was produced by James Keach, Stacy Keach and Tim Zinnemann and featured an original soundtrack by Ry Cooder. <P1-S2>  Cooder won the "Best Music" award in 1980 from the Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards for this soundtrack. <P1-S3>  The film was entered into the 1980 Cannes Film Festival. <SEP> <P2-S0> Gerald Shea "Jerry" Sharkey (April 18, 1942 – April 7, 2014) was an American historic preservationist and historian of the Wright brothers, who conceived the idea for the Dayton Aviation Heritage National Historical Park in Dayton, Ohio. <P2-S1>  The Dayton Aviation Heritage National Historical Park, which preserves historic sites used by the Wright Brothers throughout Dayton, was established in 1992. <P2-S2>  Sharkey had led an alliance of the Wright family, members of the U.S. House of Representatives, the local media and U.S. Federal Judge Walter H. Rice to create the national historical park. <P2-S3>  Many of the sites associated with the Wight brothers (as well as the surrounding buildings) would likely have been demolished if not for the preservation efforts spearheaded by Sharkey. <P2-S4>  According to Tom Crouch, a senior curator of aeronautics at the National Air and Space Museum in Washington D.C., Sharkey's efforts helped to "ensure that what the Wright brothers achieved wouldn’t be forgotten." <P2-S5>  Despite his enthusiasm for the Wrights brothers and their work, Sharkey was reportedly afraid of flying. <SEP> <P3-S0> The Swon Brothers is the major label debut album by American country music duo The Swon Brothers. <P3-S1>  It was released on October 14, 2014, via Arista Nashville. <P3-S2>  It includes the top 15 single "Later On". <P3-S3>  The Swon Brothers produced the album with Mark Bright.
Question: During which years did the sketch comedy television series, in which Simon Farnaby was a principal cast member, run?

<P0-S0> Friends of the People is an American sketch comedy television series. <P0-S1>  It was slated to premiere on TruTV in summer 2014, but was pushed to October 28, 2014, as part of the network's shift in their programming direction. <P0-S2>  Many of the cast members (Jennifer Bartels, Jermaine Fowler, and Lil Rel Howery) were originally reported to be cast members of a planned revival of In Living Color which never materialized. <P0-S3>  The show's first season consists of 10 episodes. <P0-S4>  This makes it the network's first sketch comedy show. <P0-S5>  The series holds a TV-14 rating, though select episodes are rated TV-MA--also a first for the truTV network. <SEP> <P1-S0> Simon Farnaby (born 2 April 1973) is an English actor, writer, and comedian. <P1-S1>  He is a principal cast member of "Horrible Histories". <SEP> <P2-S0> Kenan Thompson ( born May 10, 1978) is an American actor and comedian. <P2-S1>  He is known for his work as a cast member of NBC's "Saturday Night Live". <P2-S2>  In his teenage years, he was an original cast member of Nickelodeon's sketch comedy series "All That." <P2-S3>  Thompson is also known for his roles as Kenan Rockmore in the sitcom "Kenan & Kel", Russ Tyler in "The Mighty Ducks" franchise, Dexter Reed in the film "Good Burger", and "Fat Albert" as the title character. <P2-S4>  In his early career, he often collaborated with fellow comedian and "All That" cast member Kel Mitchell. <P2-S5>  He is ranked at #88 on VH1's 100 Greatest Teen Stars. <SEP> <P3-S0> Horrible Histories is a British sketch comedy television series, part of the children's history franchise of the same name based on the books written by Terry Deary. <P3-S1>  The show was produced for CBBC by Lion Television with Citrus Television and ran from 2009 to 2013 for five series of thirteen half-hour episodes, with additional one-off seasonal and Olympic specials.
Question: Who starred in Jo Jin-kyu's 2016 film "Sweet Sixteen"?

<P0-S0> The 2011–12 Ohio Bobcats men's basketball team represented Ohio University during the 2011–12 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. <P0-S1>  The Bobcats, led by fourth year head coach John Groce, played their home games at the Convocation Center and are members of the East Division of the Mid-American Conference. <P0-S2>  They finished the season 29–8, 11–5 in MAC play to finish in third place in the East Division. <P0-S3>  They were champions of the MAC Basketball Tournament and earned an automatic bid into the 2012 NCAA Tournament where the 13th seeded Bobcats defeated Michigan in the second round and South Florida in the third round to advance to school's first "Sweet Sixteen" since 1964. <P0-S4>  They lost in the "Sweet Sixteen" to North Carolina in overtime. <SEP> <P1-S0> Sweet Sixteen (, literally combining the names of the main characters) is a 2016 Chinese-South Korean romance film directed by Jo Jin-kyu and starring Kris Wu, Han Geng, Joo Won and Lu Shan. <P1-S1>  It was released in China by Heng Ye Film Distribution on August 5, 2016. <SEP> <P2-S0> My Wife Is a Gangster () is a 2001 South Korean film directed by Jo Jin-kyu; it's about a female gang boss who needs to get married to fulfill her dying sister's wishes. <P2-S1>  A sequel, "My Wife Is a Gangster 2", was released in 2003, with a third ("My Wife Is a Gangster 3") released at the end of 2006. <SEP> <P3-S0> Jo Jin-kyu (born 1960) is a South Korean film director. <P3-S1>  Jo's directorial debut was the hit gangster comedy "My Wife Is a Gangster" (2001). <P3-S2>  He returned to the series with "My Wife Is a Gangster 3" in 2006. <P3-S3>  In 2016, he directed a joint Korean-Chinese film "Sweet Sixteen" (2016) starring Joo Won.
Question:  James Reid last played for a minor league ice hockey team that has won four what?

<P0-S0> The Evansville IceMen were a minor league ice hockey team in the ECHL in Evansville, Indiana. <P0-S1>  The franchise was originally a member of the United Hockey League before it merged into the Central Hockey League in 2010. <P0-S2>  The franchise has won four post-season championship titles in the UHL in 1999, 2002, 2004 and 2005. <P0-S3>  The franchise played one season at Swonder Ice Arena before moving to the Ford Center beginning in the 2011–12 season. <SEP> <P1-S0> James Reid (born December 15, 1990) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey Goaltender. <P1-S1>  He last played for the Evansville IceMen of the ECHL. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Fort Wayne Komets are a minor league ice hockey team in the ECHL. <P2-S1>  They play their home games at the Allen County War Memorial Coliseum in Fort Wayne, Indiana. <P2-S2>  This team was previously a member of the Central Hockey League and the International Hockey League. <P2-S3>  They have won four post-season championship titles in the original IHL in 1963, 1965, 1973 and 1993, four in the UHL/second IHL in 2003, 2008, 2009 and 2010, and one in the CHL in 2012. <P2-S4>  In all of North American professional hockey, only the Original Six teams of the NHL and the Hershey Bears of the AHL have played continuously in the same city with the same name longer than the Komets. <SEP> <P3-S0> The Johnstown Chiefs were a minor league ice hockey team located in Johnstown, Pennsylvania, that played in the ECHL. <P3-S1>  The team was founded in 1987 in the All-American Hockey League, and moved to the East Coast Hockey League (now "ECHL") when that league was formed. <P3-S2>  The Chiefs lasted for 22 years in Johnstown, and was the last of the founding ECHL teams playing under its original name and in its original city. <P3-S3>  The Chiefs relocated to Greenville, South Carolina, following the completion of the 2010 season.
Question: H.A.M.M.E.R. is a fictional espionage and law enforcement agency appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics and was formed in "Secret Invasion" #8 to replace S.H.I.E.L.D., created by what two men? 

<P0-S0> S.H.I.E.L.D. is a fictional espionage, special law-enforcement, and counter-terrorism agency appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. <P0-S1>  Created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby in "Strange Tales" #135 (Aug. 1965), it often deals with paranormal and superhuman threats. <SEP> <P1-S0> H.A.M.M.E.R. is a fictional espionage and law enforcement agency appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. <P1-S1>  The organization is led by Norman Osborn and was formed in "Secret Invasion" #8 to replace S.H.I.E.L.D. The organization plays a large part in Marvel's "Dark Reign" and "Siege" storylines that ran from 2008 - 2010. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Cabal is a fictional secret society of supervillains and antiheroes appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. <P2-S1>  The group was formed in the "Dark Reign" storyline very shortly after the Secret Invasion event. <SEP> <P3-S0> La Contessa Valentina Allegra de la Fontaine is a fictional espionage agent appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. <P3-S1>  Created by writer-artist Jim Steranko, she first appeared in the "Nick Fury, Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D." feature in "Strange Tales" #159 (Aug 1967).
Question: What series of advertisements, primarily 60-second American radio spots, featured Dave Bickler on vocals?

<P0-S0> Dave Bickler (born March 31, 1953) is an American vocalist, best known as the lead singer for the rock band Survivor from 1978 until 1983, particularly on the #1 U.S. hit "Eye of the Tiger". <P0-S1>  In addition to his wide vocal range, his trademark look included a beret. <P0-S2>  Bickler would go on to provide the vocals in advertisements, including the "Real Men of Genius" Bud Light TV and radio commercials. <SEP> <P1-S0> Real Men of Genius is a series of advertisements, primarily 60-second American radio spots, for Bud Light beer. <P1-S1>  The campaign was originally conceived by copywriter Bob Winter and art director Mark Gross and co-created with copywriter Bill Cimino at DDB Chicago. <SEP> <P2-S0> Youth Oriented is an album by the jazz trio Happy Apple. <P2-S1>  It featured Dave King on drums, Michael Lewis on sax and Erik Fratzke on bass guitar. <P2-S2>  It was released in 2003 on Sunnyside Communications via Universal Music Jazz in the nato bear series. <SEP> <P3-S0> Bruce Dinsmore (born November 22, 1965) is a Canadian actor who has worked extensively in film, television, theater and voice for 25 years. <P3-S1>  He voices David Read, Binky Barnes and Bailey the butler in the long-running PBS Emmy Award-winning series "Arthur" and has contributed mocap/voice performances in numerous video games, notably as Paul Revere in "Assassin's Creed III", Maximilien de Robespierre in Assassin's Creed: Unity and Bill Taggart in "". <P3-S2>  He currently appears on air in Greypower commercials and has voiced thousands of radio spots.
Question: Which drummer was Roger Daltrey's solo album, "Under a Raging Moon" dedicated to, who was also posthumously inducted into the "Modern Drummer" Hall of Fame in 1982?

<P0-S0> "'The Pride You Hide'" is a song by Roger Daltrey, who at the time was the former lead singer of The Who. <P0-S1>  The song was written by Alan Dalgleish, Nicky Tesco and Roger Daltrey. <P0-S2>  The track was included on Roger Daltrey's sixth solo album, "Under a Raging Moon", as the fourth track on the first side of the LP. <P0-S3>  The album was a tribute to The Who's former drummer Keith Moon. <SEP> <P1-S0> Keith John Moon (23 August 1946  – 7 September 1978) was an English drummer who played with the English rock band the Who. <P1-S1>  He was noted for his unique style and his eccentric, often self-destructive behaviour. <P1-S2>  His drumming continues to be praised by critics and musicians. <P1-S3>  He was posthumously inducted into the "Modern Drummer" Hall of Fame in 1982, becoming only the second rock drummer to be chosen, and in 2011, Moon was voted the second-greatest drummer in history by a "Rolling Stone" readers' poll. <SEP> <P2-S0> "After the Fire" is a song from the solo album "Under a Raging Moon" released by Roger Daltrey of The Who. <P2-S1>  The song was written by Pete Townshend, also of The Who. <P2-S2>  It was considered a hit for Daltrey receiving extensive play on MTV. <P2-S3>  The song was played during the second season finale of "Miami Vice" during a flashback scene. <SEP> <P3-S0> Jeffrey Thomas Porcaro (April 1, 1954 – August 5, 1992) was an American drummer, songwriter, and record producer. <P3-S1>  In a career that spanned more than 20 years, Porcaro was best known for his work with the rock band Toto. <P3-S2>  Porcaro is one of the most recorded session musicians in history, working on hundreds of albums and thousands of sessions. <P3-S3>  While already an established studio player in the 1970s, he came to prominence in the United States as the drummer on the Steely Dan album "Katy Lied". <P3-S4>  AllMusic has characterized him as "arguably the most highly regarded studio drummer in rock from the mid-'70s to the early '90s", further stating that "It is no exaggeration to say that the sound of mainstream pop/rock drumming in the 1980s was, to a large extent, the sound of Jeff Porcaro." <P3-S5>  He was posthumously inducted into the "Modern Drummer" Hall of Fame in 1993.
Question: What club is currently managed by the retired 2011-12 front of the Valencia Club de Futbol?

<P0-S0> The Club de Futbol Espana De Puebla was a Mexican club that was one of the pioneers of association football in the state and city of Puebla. <P0-S1>  The club was founded in 1915 as Puebla FC, by mostly Mexican natives and the Spaniard community. <P0-S2>  The club was one of the most successful of the amateur era in Puebla. <P0-S3>  The club would dissolve in the early 1940s when it merged with Asturias de Puebla, a few years before professional football was established in Mexico. <P0-S4>  History would have it that the club would return and form part of Puebla F.C., the same name the club was founded with in 1915. <SEP> <P1-S0> The 2011–12 season was Valencia Club de Fútbol's 94th in existence and the club's 25th consecutive season in the top flight of Spanish football. <P1-S1>  The season was the fourth season of Unai Emery in front of team. <SEP> <P2-S0> Club de Futbol Reus Deportiu B is a Spanish football team based in Cambrils, Tarragona in the autonomous community of Catalonia. <P2-S1>  Founded in 1960 as Futbol Club Cambrils, it is the reserve team of Reus Deportiu and currently plays in Tercera División – Group 5. <P2-S2>  They play their home games at "Camp Municipal de Cambrils". <SEP> <P3-S0> Unai Emery Etxegoien (] ; born 3 November 1971) is a Spanish retired footballer who played as a left midfielder, and is the current manager of French club Paris Saint-Germain FC.
Question: Jonathan Smith's song is one of three covers on an album released by what group?

<P0-S0> Punk Life is an EP by Whole Wheat Bread. <P0-S1>  It was released on November 7, 2006 by Fighting Records. <P0-S2>  Of the six songs on the EP, three are original punk songs and three are covers of rap songs. <P0-S3>  The covers are of Lil' Scrappy's "No Problem", Lil Jon's "I Don't Give a Fuck" and Bone Crusher's "Never Scared". <SEP> <P1-S0> Jonathan Smith (born January 17, 1971), better known by his stage name Lil Jon, is an American rapper, record producer, and DJ. <P1-S1>  He was the frontman of the group Lil Jon & The East Side Boyz, which he formed in 1997, and they released several albums until 2004. <SEP> <P2-S0> Douglas Adams at the BBC is a three CD set released by BBC Audio in 2004 (ISBN  ). <P2-S1>  By using extracts from many radio and TV productions, the three discs cover Douglas Adams's association with BBC Radio and TV from 1974 to 2001, and also include tributes to Adams that were transmitted between 2001 and 2003. <P2-S2>  Subjects are covered in an A-Z format (thus becoming an "A-Z of Douglas Adams"). <P2-S3>  Linking narration on all three discs is provided by Simon Jones. <P2-S4>  Several of the sketches, many of which are included for the first time since their original transmissions, had been discussed in biographies of Adams (e.g. "Don't Panic" by Neil Gaiman and "Wish You Were Here" by Nick Webb). <P2-S5>  In addition, the complete script for "The Lost Hitchhiker Sketch" appears in the 25th anniversary edition of "". <P2-S6>  Disc one covers subjects A to G, disc two covers subjects H to P, and disc three covers subjects Q to Z. <SEP> <P3-S0> Days Difference was a pop/rock band that formed in Virginia Beach, Virginia in 2004. <P3-S1>  The quartet consists of Jeremy Smith (lead vocals/keyboard), Jonathan Smith (drums), Micah Ricks (bass guitar) and Jeremiah Ricks (lead guitar). <P3-S2>  The group released their debut album "Numbers" in 2007. <P3-S3>  Their self-titled album "Days Difference" was released on October 6, 2009 and marks the group's first major release on the Universal Motown Records label. <P3-S4>  In 2011, the band was signed to Universal Republic Records for the release of their next album. <P3-S5>  The band officially announced in September 2013 that they had been broken up since 2012.
Question: The first movie the son of the actress who starred in "True Colors," "A Different World," and "The Nutty Professor," was named what?

<P0-S0> William E. Richmond (December 19, 1921 – June 4, 2016) was an American film and television comedy writer and producer, as well as a musician, actor and composer. <P0-S1>  He co-wrote the screenplays to numerous popular films that starred Jerry Lewis. <P0-S2>  These films included "The Nutty Professor", "The Errand Boy" and "The Ladies Man". <P0-S3>  He also made cameo appearances in some of Lewis' films as well, such as a piano player in "The Patsy". <P0-S4>  Later in his career he wrote and/or produced for numerous television shows, including "Laugh-in", "Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color", "The Carol Burnett Show", "I Dream of Jeannie", "Welcome Back Kotter", "Three's Company", "The John Larroquette Show", "Wizards and Warriors", "All in the Family", "Blossom" and "Kate & Allie". <SEP> <P1-S0> True Colors is the second album by American pop singer Cyndi Lauper, released on September 15, 1986. <P1-S1>  The album produced several hits as "True Colors", "Change of Heart", and "What's Going On" reached the top twenty of the "Billboard" Hot 100, with the first two becoming top 5 hits. <SEP> <P2-S0> Jada Koren Pinkett-Smith ( ; née Pinkett; born September 18, 1971) is an American actress, dancer, singer-songwriter, and businesswoman. <P2-S1>  She began her career in 1990, when she made a guest appearance in the short-lived sitcom "True Colors". <P2-S2>  She starred in "A Different World", produced by Bill Cosby, and she featured opposite Eddie Murphy in "The Nutty Professor" (1996). <P2-S3>  She starred in dramatic films such as "Menace II Society" (1993) and "Set It Off" (1996). <P2-S4>  She has appeared in more than 20 films in a variety of genres, including "Scream 2", "Ali", "The Matrix Reloaded", "The Matrix Revolutions", "Madagascar", "", and "". <SEP> <P3-S0> Jaden Christopher Syre Smith (born July 8, 1998) is an American actor and rapper. <P3-S1>  He is the son of Jada Pinkett Smith and Will Smith. <P3-S2>  Jaden Smith's first movie role was with his father in the 2006 film "The Pursuit of Happyness". <P3-S3>  He also acted in the 2008 remake of "The Day the Earth Stood Still" and the 2010 remake of "The Karate Kid", and was in the 2013 film "After Earth" with his father.
Question: What American biochemist wrote an essay for Grand Canyon: A Different View?

<P0-S0> Duane Tolbert Gish (February 17, 1921 – March 5, 2013) was an American biochemist and a prominent member of the creationist movement. <P0-S1>  A Young Earth creationist, Gish was a former vice-president of the Institute for Creation Research (ICR) and the author of numerous publications about creation science. <P0-S2>  Gish was called "creationism's T. H. Huxley" for the way he "relished the confrontations" of formal debates with prominent evolutionary biologists, usually held on university campuses. <P0-S3>  A creationist publication noted in his obituary that "it was perhaps his personal presentation that carried the day. <P0-S4>  In short, the audiences liked him." <SEP> <P1-S0> Grand Canyon: A Different View is a 2003 book edited by Tom Vail. <P1-S1>  The book features a series of photographs of the Grand Canyon illustrating 20 essays by creationists Steve Austin, John Baumgardner, Duane Gish, Ken Ham, Russell Humphreys, Henry Morris, John D. Morris, Andrew A. Snelling, Larry Vardiman, John Whitcomb, and Kurt Wise. <P1-S2>  It presents the Young Earth creationist perspective that the canyon is no more than a few thousand years old and was formed by the Global Flood or Noachian flood of the Bible. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Grand Canyon National Park is a U.S. National Park located in the state of Arizona. <P2-S1>  The Park encompasses the Grand Canyon and the surrounding rim areas. <P2-S2>  The Park maintains an intricate trail system both above and below the rims of the canyon. <P2-S3>  To properly maintain and supervise the many trails and campgrounds in the backcountry of the Grand Canyon, Park implemented a system of zoning the different areas of the canyon and the surrounding rim area into backcountry "use areas," designated by a two-letter, one-number code system. <SEP> <P3-S0> Desert View Watchtower, also known as the Indian Watchtower at Desert View, is a 70 ft -high stone building located on the South Rim of the Grand Canyon within Grand Canyon National Park in Arizona, United States. <P3-S1>  The tower is located at Desert View, more than 20 mi to the east of the main developed area at Grand Canyon Village, toward the east entrance to the park. <P3-S2>  The four-story structure, completed in 1932, was designed by American architect Mary Colter, an employee of the Fred Harvey Company who also created and designed many other buildings in the Grand Canyon vicinity including Hermit's Rest and the Lookout Studio. <P3-S3>  The interior contains murals by Fred Kabotie.
Question: What is the name for the lava, often found with Pele's tears, defined as volcanic glass fibers or thin strands of volcanic glass?

<P0-S0> Aphanite, or aphanitic as an adjective (from the Greek αφανης, "invisible"), is a name given to certain igneous rocks that are so fine-grained that their component mineral crystals are not detectable by the unaided eye (as opposed to phaneritic igneous rocks, where the minerals are visible to the unaided eye). <P0-S1>  This geological texture results from rapid cooling in volcanic or hypabyssal (shallow subsurface) environments. <P0-S2>  As a rule, the texture of these rocks is not the same as that of volcanic glass (e.g., obsidian), with volcanic glass being non-crystalline (amorphous), and having a glass-like appearance. <SEP> <P1-S0> Limu o Pele or Pele's seaweed (Hawaiian, literally, "seaweed of Pele", after Pele the Hawaiian fire goddess of volcanoes) is a geological term for thin sheets and subsequently shattered flakes of brownish-green to near-colourless volcanic glass lava spatter that commonly resemble seaweed in appearance, that have been erupted from a volcano. <P1-S1>  Limu o Pele is formed when water is forced into and trapped inside lava, as when waves wash over the top of the exposed flows of the molten rock. <P1-S2>  The water boils and is instantly converted to steam, expanding to form bubbles within the lava. <P1-S3>  The lava rapidly cools and solidifies as the bubbles grow. <P1-S4>  The volcanic glass bubbles burst and are dispersed by the wind, showering flakes of glass downwind. <SEP> <P2-S0> Pele's hair is a form of lava. <P2-S1>  It is named after Pele, the Hawaiian goddess of volcanoes. <P2-S2>  It can be defined as volcanic glass fibers or thin strands of volcanic glass. <P2-S3>  The strands are formed through the stretching of molten basaltic glass from lava, usually from lava fountains, lava cascades, and vigorous lava flows. <SEP> <P3-S0> Pele’s tears is a geological term for small pieces of solidified lava drops formed when airborne particles of molten material fuse into tearlike drops of volcanic glass. <P3-S1>  Pele’s tears are jet black in color and are often found on one end of a strand of Pele's hair. <P3-S2>  Pele's tears is primarily a scientific term used by volcanologists.
Question: Who is considered among the three foremost playwrights of 20th-century American drama, Tennessee Williams or E. B. White?

<P0-S0> Thomas Lanier "Tennessee" Williams III (March 26, 1911 – February 25, 1983) was an American playwright. <P0-S1>  Along with Eugene O'Neill and Arthur Miller, he is considered among the three foremost playwrights of 20th-century American drama. <SEP> <P1-S0> Aureliano Oyarzún Navarro (b. 1858 – d. 1947) was a Chilean physician, who became an anthropologist through his study of early cultures in Chile, including the indigenous peoples of Tierra del Fuego. <P1-S1>  He is considered among the most prominent early 20th-century researchers, together with the Austrians Max Uhle and Martin Gusinde. <SEP> <P2-S0> Elwyn Brooks "E. B." White (July 11, 1899 – October 1, 1985) was an American writer. <P2-S1>  He was a contributor to The New Yorker magazine and a co-author of the English language style guide "The Elements of Style", which is commonly known as "Strunk & White". <P2-S2>  He also wrote books for children, including "Stuart Little" in 1945, "Charlotte's Web" in 1952, and "The Trumpet of the Swan" in 1970. <P2-S3>  "Charlotte's Web" was voted the top children's novel in a 2012 survey of "School Library Journal" readers, an accomplishment repeated from earlier surveys. <SEP> <P3-S0> Alan Maynard Wald, usually Alan M. Wald or Alan Wald, is an American professor emeritus of English Literature and American Culture at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, and writer of 20th-Century American literature who focuses on Communist writers; he is an expert on the American 20th-Century "Literary Left."
Question: Which permanent dutch settlement in New Netherland was abandoned by the English in 1676 in favor of the newer Fort Frederick located in Albany, New York?

<P0-S0> Fort Frederick was a fort in Albany, New York from 1676–1789. <P0-S1>  Sitting atop State Street Hill (Capitol Hill) it replaced the earlier decaying Fort Orange along the Hudson River. <P0-S2>  The fort was named for Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales, son of King George II. <P0-S3>  The fort was referred to as Fort Albany in the 1936 novel "Drums Along the Mohawk". <P0-S4>  Several historical markers have been placed west of the location of the fort. <SEP> <P1-S0> First Lutheran Church is a Lutheran congregation in Albany, New York. <P1-S1>  Founded in 1649 as Ebenezer Lutheran Church, First Lutheran is the oldest congregation of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, the only congregation in the ELCA to be founded while New York was under control of the Dutch, and the oldest Lutheran congregation in the United States. <P1-S2>  When the congregation was founded, it was a part of the Dutch settlement of New Netherland; it later adopted German and then English in 1808 for use during worship. <P1-S3>  The congregation began to use the name First Lutheran Church in 1871. <SEP> <P2-S0> New Amsterdam (Dutch: "Nieuw Amsterdam" ) was a 17th-century Dutch settlement established at the southern tip of Manhattan Island that served as the seat of the colonial government in New Netherland. <P2-S1>  The "factorij" became a settlement outside of Fort Amsterdam. <P2-S2>  The fort was situated on the strategic southern tip of the island of Manhattan and was meant to defend the fur trade operations of the Dutch West India Company in the North River (Hudson River). <P2-S3>  In 1624, it became a provincial extension of the Dutch Republic and was designated as the capital of the province in 1625. <SEP> <P3-S0> Fort Orange (Dutch: "Fort Oranje" ) was the first permanent Dutch settlement in New Netherland; the present-day city of Albany, New York developed at this site. <P3-S1>  It was built in 1624 as a replacement for Fort Nassau, which had been built on nearby Castle Island and served as a trading post until 1617 or 1618, when it was abandoned due to frequent flooding. <P3-S2>  Both forts were named in honor of the Dutch House of Orange-Nassau. <P3-S3>  Due to a dispute between the Director-General of New Netherland and the patroonship of Rensselaerswyck regarding jurisdiction over the fort and the surrounding community, the fort and community became an independent municipality, paving the way for the future city of Albany. <P3-S4>  After conquest of the region by the English, they soon abandoned Fort Orange (renamed Fort Albany) in favor of a new fort: Fort Frederick, constructed in 1676.
Question: In what year did a film directed by the owner of Lion Rock Productions starring Chow Yun-fat come out?

<P0-S0> The Replacement Killers is a 1998 American action film directed by Antoine Fuqua in his feature film directorial debut, and starring Chow Yun-fat, Mira Sorvino, Michael Rooker and Kenneth Tsang. <P0-S1>  The film was released in the United States on February 6, 1998. <P0-S2>  The storyline was conceived from a screenplay written by Ken Sanzel. <P0-S3>  Veteran action director John Woo co-produced and choreographed the action sequences. <P0-S4>  The film is set in modern-day Los Angeles and follows an emotionally disillusioned assassin who is forced to settle a violent vendetta for a ruthless crime boss. <P0-S5>  The film marks the American acting debut for Chow, as his previous film credits included Hong Kong action cinema only. <SEP> <P1-S0> The Killer () is a 1989 Hong Kong action film written and directed by John Woo, and starring Chow Yun-fat, Danny Lee and Sally Yeh. <P1-S1>  Chow plays the assassin Ah Jong, who accidentally damages the eyes of the singer Jennie (Sally Yeh) during a shootout. <P1-S2>  He later discovers that if Jennie does not undergo an expensive operation she will go blind. <P1-S3>  To get the money for Jennie, Ah Jong decides to perform one last hit. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Romancing Star is a 1987 Hong Kong romantic comedy film directed by Wong Jing and starring Chow Yun-fat, Eric Tsang, Natalis Chan, Stanley Fung and Maggie Cheung. <P2-S1>  The film was followed by two sequels "The Romancing Star II", released in the following year and "The Romancing Star III", released the year after. <SEP> <P3-S0> John Woo SBS (Ng Yu-Sum; born 1 May 1946) is a Chinese-born Hong Kong film director, writer, and producer. <P3-S1>  He is the owner of Lion Rock Productions. <P3-S2>  He is considered a major influence on the action genre, known for his highly chaotic action sequences, Mexican standoffs, and frequent use of slow motion. <P3-S3>  Woo has directed several notable Hong Kong action films, among them, "A Better Tomorrow" (1986), "The Killer" (1989), "Hard Boiled" (1992), and "Red Cliff" (2008/2009).
Question: What did the illustrator of a well-known manga starring Goku first achieve mainstream recognition for?

<P0-S0> Dragon Ball (Japanese: ドラゴンボール , Hepburn: Doragon Bōru ) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Akira Toriyama. <P0-S1>  Originally serialized in "Weekly Shōnen Jump" magazine from 1984 to 1995, the 519 individual chapters were printed in 42 "tankōbon" volumes by the publisher Shueisha. <P0-S2>  "Dragon Ball" was inspired by the Chinese novel "Journey to the West". <P0-S3>  It initially had a comedy focus but later became an action-packed fighting series. <P0-S4>  The story follows the adventures of Son Goku, from childhood to adulthood, as he trains in martial arts and explores the world in search of the seven orbs, known as Dragon Balls, which summon a wish-granting dragon when gathered. <P0-S5>  Along his journey, Goku makes several friends and battles villains, many of whom also seek the Dragon Balls. <SEP> <P1-S0> Piccolo (Japanese: ピッコロ , Hepburn: Pikkoro ) is a fictional character in the "Dragon Ball" manga series created by Akira Toriyama. <P1-S1>  He is first seen as the reincarnation of the evil Piccolo Daimao in chapter #161 "Son Goku Wins!!" <P1-S2>  (孫悟空勝つ!! <P1-S3>  , Son Gokū Katsu!! ) <P1-S4>  , published in "Weekly Shōnen Jump" magazine on February 22, 1988, making him a demon and archrival of the protagonist Son Goku. <P1-S5>  However, it is later revealed that he is a member of an extraterrestrial humanoid species called Namekians, those able to create the series' titular wish-granting Dragon Balls. <P1-S6>  After losing to Goku, Piccolo decides to team up with him and his friends in order to defeat newer, more dangerous threats. <P1-S7>  He also trains Goku's first child Gohan in martial arts, with the two forming a strong bond. <SEP> <P2-S0> Takeshi Obata (小畑 健 , Obata Takeshi , born February 11, 1969) is a Japanese manga artist that usually works as the illustrator in collaboration with a writer. <P2-S1>  He first gained international attention for "Hikaru no Go" (1998–2003) with Yumi Hotta, but is better known for "Death Note" (2003–2006) and "Bakuman. <P2-S2> " (2008–2012) with Tsugumi Ohba. <P2-S3>  Obata has mentored several well-known manga artists, including Nobuhiro Watsuki of "Rurouni Kenshin" fame, "Black Cat" creator Kentaro Yabuki, and "Eyeshield 21" artist Yusuke Murata. <SEP> <P3-S0> Akira Toriyama (鳥山 明 , Toriyama Akira , born April 5, 1955 in Nagoya, Aichi) is a Japanese manga and game artist. <P3-S1>  He first achieved mainstream recognition for his highly successful manga "Dr. Slump", before going on to create "Dragon Ball"—his best-known work—and acting as a character designer for several popular video games such as the "Dragon Quest" series, "Blue Dragon" and "Chrono Trigger". <P3-S2>  Toriyama is regarded as one of the artists that changed the history of manga, as his works are highly influential and popular, particularly "Dragon Ball," which many manga artists cite as a source of inspiration.
Question: Where is the head office of a Portuguese regional airline that is a subsidiary of TAP Portugal and operates scheduled international and domestic services from its bases at Lisbon Airport and Porto Airport on behalf of a Portuguese regional airline brand name for TAP Portugal which operate short- and medium-haul routes ?

<P0-S0> Darwin Airline SA is a Swiss regional airline with its head office in Bioggio, Lugano flying under the brand name Adria Airways Switzerland. <P0-S1>  It has been operating scheduled domestic and international services throughout some western European countries using the brand name Etihad Regional from January 2014 until July 2017 when it was sold from Etihad Airways to Adria Airways as well as formerly also on behalf of Alitalia. <P0-S2>  Its bases are Geneva Airport and Lugano Airport. <SEP> <P1-S0> Delta Connection is a regional airline brand name for Delta Air Lines, under which a number of individually owned regional airlines operate short- and medium-haul routes. <P1-S1>  Delta's lone wholly owned regional airline, Endeavor Air, also resides under the Delta Connection banner. <P1-S2>  Mainline carriers often use regional airlines to operate services in order to increase frequency, serve routes that would not sustain larger aircraft, or for other competitive reasons. <SEP> <P2-S0> TAP Express (Transportes Aéreos Portugueses or TAP for short) is a Portuguese regional airline brand name for TAP Portugal which operate short- and medium-haul routes. <P2-S1>  TAP Portugal's lone wholly owned regional airline, Portugália Airlines, operates under the TAP Express banner. <P2-S2>  White Airways, an airline owned by Omni Aviation, also operates regular flights for TAP Express using 9 ATR 72 turboprops. <P2-S3>  Its head office is on the grounds of Lisbon Portela Airport in Lisbon. <SEP> <P3-S0> Portugália Airlines is a Portuguese regional airline with its head office on the grounds of Lisbon Portela Airport in Lisbon. <P3-S1>  It is a subsidiary of TAP Portugal and operates scheduled international and domestic services from its bases at Lisbon Airport and Porto Airport on behalf of TAP Express.
Question: In between Dissotis and Heuchera which one is distributed across Africa?

<P0-S0> Heuchera is a genus of evergreen, herbaceous perennial plants in the family Saxifragaceae, all native to North America. <P0-S1>  Common names include alumroot and coral bells. <SEP> <P1-S0> Turdoides is a genus of passerine birds in the Leiothrichidae family. <P1-S1>  It contains about 30 species distributed across Africa and southern Asia. <P1-S2>  They are typically fairly large, long-tailed birds which forage in noisy groups. <P1-S3>  The majority of species have drab brown or grey-brown plumage. <SEP> <P2-S0> Dissotis is a genus of plants in the family Melastomataceae. <P2-S1>  There are about 111 - 140 species, distributed across Africa. <SEP> <P3-S0> The little free-tailed bat ("Chaerephon pumilus") is a species of the genus "Chaerephon" in the family Molossidae. <P3-S1>  It is widely distributed across Africa and islands around the continent.
Question: This Old Cub includes an interview with an NFL player who played what position and was the son of a coal miner?

<P0-S0> This Old Cub is a documentary film which was released in 2004. <P0-S1>  The film is centered on former Chicago Cubs third baseman Ron Santo and both his playing days and his battle against diabetes. <P0-S2>  The film was written, co-produced, and directed by Santo's son Jeff. <P0-S3>  It is often mentioned during Cub game broadcasts by Pat Hughes, who was Santo's partner in the WGN Radio booth. <P0-S4>  The film was a gift from Jeff to his father as a part of the "Ron Santo Day" celebration that season after Santo had both his legs amputated and had just missed induction into the MLB Hall of Fame a few months earlier. <P0-S5>  A portion of all proceeds from the release of "This Old Cub" are donated to the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation. <P0-S6>  The film has raised over a half-million dollars for the JDRF. <P0-S7>  Cub shortstop Ernie Banks, Gary Sinise, Bill Murray, former Chicago Bears linebacker Doug Buffone, and many others are interviewed in the film, which is narrated by actor Joe Mantegna. <SEP> <P1-S0> Live! <P1-S1>  An Evening With Crystal Gayle is a recording of a 2005 concert by Crystal Gayle at the Renaissance Center in Dickson, Tennessee. <P1-S2>  Originally released in a package containing a DVD and an edited CD, it was Gayle's first official live album and includes some of her biggest hits of the 1970s and 1980s, as well as several otherwise unreleased songs. <P1-S3>  It also includes Gayle singing some songs by her sister, Country music singer Loretta Lynn, like "Coal Miner's Daughter" (performed with her sister Peggy Sue). <P1-S4>  The DVD has various extra features, including an interview with Gayle and a photo gallery. <SEP> <P2-S0> Norman Lloyd (November 8, 1909 – July 31, 1980) was an American pianist, composer, educator, author and supporter of the arts who scored works for modern dance, documentary film and classical chamber. <P2-S1>  He exerted tremendous influence as an educator, notably at Juilliard where he transformed the teaching of musical theory; and later as the author of books including the popular "Fundamentals of Sight Singing and Ear Training" (co-authored with Arnold Fish). <P2-S2>  He continued to influence and champion the arts as creator of the Rockefeller Foundation's arts program and its first director. <P2-S3>  He was the son of David Lloyd, a steel mill worker and minor league baseball player, and grandson of William Lloyd, a coal miner who immigrated to the United States from Wales in 1845. <SEP> <P3-S0> Douglas John Buffone (June 27, 1944 – April 20, 2015) was an American football linebacker in the National Football League. <P3-S1>  Buffone, the son of a coal miner (whose parents were Italian immigrants from the southern province of Cosenza, regione di Calabria), attended high school at Shannock Valley High School in Rural Valley, Pennsylvania.