Question: American Libertarian, political scientist, author, and columnist, Charles Murray, who was also involved with the cognitive elite of a society, those having higher intelligence levels and thus better prospects for success in life, published what book in 1984? 

<P0-S0> Charles Alan Murray ( ; born January 8, 1943) is an American Libertarian, political scientist, author, and columnist. <P0-S1>  His book "Losing Ground: American Social Policy 1950–1980" (1984), which discussed the American welfare system, was widely read and discussed, and influenced subsequent government policy. <P0-S2>  He became well-known for his controversial book "The Bell Curve" (1994), written with Richard Herrnstein, in which he argues that intelligence is a better predictor than parental socio-economic status or education level of many individual outcomes including income, job performance, pregnancy out of wedlock, and crime, and that social welfare programs and education efforts to improve social outcomes for the disadvantaged are largely wasted. <SEP> <P1-S0> The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life is a 1994 book by psychologist Richard J. Herrnstein and political scientist Charles Murray, in which the authors argue that human intelligence is substantially influenced by both inherited and environmental factors and is a better predictor of many personal dynamics, including financial income, job performance, birth out of wedlock, and involvement in crime than are an individual's parental socioeconomic status. <P1-S1>  They also argue that those with high intelligence, the "cognitive elite", are becoming separated from those of average and below-average intelligence. <P1-S2>  The book was controversial, especially where the authors wrote about racial differences in intelligence and discussed the implications of those differences. <SEP> <P2-S0> Lester Neil Smith III (born May 12, 1946), better known as L. Neil Smith, is an American libertarian science fiction author and political activist. <P2-S1>  His works include the trilogy of Lando Calrissian novels: "Lando Calrissian and the Mindharp of Sharu" (1983), "Lando Calrissian and the Flamewind of Oseon" (1983), "Lando Calrissian and the Starcave of ThonBoka" (1983), and the Omnibus edition "The Lando Calrissian Adventures". <P2-S2>  He also wrote the novels "Pallas", "The Forge of the Elders", and "The Probability Broach", each of which won the Libertarian Futurist Society's annual Prometheus Award for best libertarian science fiction novel. <P2-S3>  In 2016, Smith received a Special Award for Lifetime Achievement from the Libertarian Futurist Society. <SEP> <P3-S0> The cognitive elite of a society, according to Richard J. Herrnstein and Charles Murray, are those having higher intelligence levels and thus better prospects for success in life. <P3-S1>  The development of a cognitive elite during the 20th century is presented in their 1994 book "The Bell Curve". <P3-S2>  In this book, Herrnstein and Murray propose that the cognitive elite has been produced by a more technological society which offers enough high skill jobs for those with a higher intelligence to fill. <P3-S3>  They also propose that by removing race, gender or class as criteria the main criteria of success in academic and professional life is becoming primarily based on cognitive ability.