Question: Who was the spouse of the Russian Republic president during the disintegration of the country winning in the early days of the space race?

<P0-S0> Raisa Maximovna Gorbacheva ( "Raisa Maksimovna Gorbachyova", , Титаренко; 5 January 1932 – 20 September 1999) was a Russian activist who was the wife of Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev. <P0-S1> She raised funds for the preservation of Russian cultural heritage, fostering of new talent, and treatment programs for children's blood cancer. <SEP> <P1-S0> The Space Race began on August 2, 1955, when the Soviet Union responded to the US announcement four days earlier of intent to launch artificial satellites for the International Geophysical Year, by declaring they would also launch a satellite ``in the near future ''. <P1-S1> The Soviet Union beat the US to this, with the October 4, 1957, orbiting of Sputnik 1, and later beat the US to the first human in space, Yuri Gagarin, on April 12, 1961. <P1-S2> The`` race'' peaked with the July 20, 1969, US landing of the first humans on the Moon with Apollo 11. <P1-S3> The USSR tried but failed crewed lunar missions, and eventually canceled them and concentrated on Earth orbital space stations. <SEP> <P2-S0> russian cosmonaut gennady padalka, who has spent 878 days in space over five missions, became the record holder for the most time spent in space when he surpassed, on 28 june 2015, the record of cosmonaut sergei krikalev, who spent 803 days, 9 hours and 39 minutes (about 2.2 years) in space over the span of six spaceflights on soyuz, the space shuttle, mir, and the international space station. <P2-S1> yuri malenchenko is currently in second place, having spent 828 days in space on six spaceflights. <SEP> <P3-S0> the iditarod trail sled dog race is an annual long - distance sled dog race run in early march from anchorage to nome, entirely within the us state of alaska. <P3-S1> mushers and a team of 16 dogs, of which at least 5 must be on the towline at the finish line, cover the distance in 8 -- 15 days or more. <P3-S2> the iditarod began in 1973 as an event to test the best sled dog mushers and teams but evolved into today's highly competitive race. <P3-S3> then a record, the second fastest winning time was recorded in 2016 by dallas seavey with a time of 8 days, 11 hours, 20 minutes, and 16 seconds. <P3-S4> as of 2012, dallas seavey was also the youngest musher to win the race at the age of 25. in 2017, at the age of 57, dallas's father, mitch seavey, is the oldest and fastest person ever to win the race, crossing the line in nome in 8 days, 3 hours, 40 minutes and 13 seconds. <P3-S5> dallas finished second, two hours and 44 minutes behind. <SEP> <P4-S0> The dissolution of the Soviet Union occurred on December 26, 1991, officially granting self - governing independence to the Republics of the Soviet Union. <P4-S1> It was a result of the declaration number 142 - Н of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union. <P4-S2> The declaration acknowledged the independence of the former Soviet republics and created the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), although five of the signatories ratified it much later or did not do so at all. <P4-S3> On the previous day, 25 December 1991, Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev, the eighth and final leader of the Soviet Union, resigned, declared his office extinct, and handed over its powers -- including control of the Soviet nuclear missile launching codes -- to Russian President Boris Yeltsin. <P4-S4> That evening at 7: 32 p.m., the Soviet flag was lowered from the Kremlin for the last time and replaced with the pre-revolutionary Russian flag.