Question: The country who invented the first satellite and the US became important members of an international organisation whose convention of the rights of the child was created when?

<P0-S0> The Soviet Union suffered greatly in the war, losing around 27 million people. <P0-S1> Approximately 2.8 million Soviet POWs died of starvation, mistreatment, or executions in just eight months of 1941 -- 42. <P0-S2> During the war, the Soviet Union together with the United States, the United Kingdom and China were considered as the Big Four of Allied powers in World War II and later became the Four Policemen which was the foundation of the United Nations Security Council. <P0-S3> It emerged as a superpower in the post-war period. <P0-S4> Once denied diplomatic recognition by the Western world, the Soviet Union had official relations with practically every nation by the late 1940s. <P0-S5> A member of the United Nations at its foundation in 1945, the Soviet Union became one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council, which gave it the right to veto any of its resolutions. <SEP> <P1-S0> the first legal steps taken to end the occurrence of child labour was enacted more than fifty years ago. <P1-S1> in 1966, the nation adopted the un general assembly of the international covenant on economic, social and cultural rights. <P1-S2> this act legally limited the minimum age for when children could start work at the age of 14. but 23 years later in 1989 the convention on the rights of children was adopted and helped to reduce the exploitation of children and demanded safe working environments. <P1-S3> they all worked towards the goal of ending the most problematic forms of child labour. <SEP> <P2-S0> Convention on the Rights of the Child Parties to the convention Only signed, but not ratified Non-signatory Signed 20 November 1989 Location New York City Effective 2 September 1990 Condition 20 ratifications Signatories 140 Parties 196 (all eligible states except the United States) Depositary UN Secretary - General Languages Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, Spanish UN Convention on the Rights of the Child at Wikisource <SEP> <P3-S0> the european convention on human rights (echr) (formally the convention for the protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms) is an international treaty to protect human rights and fundamental freedoms in europe. <P3-S1> drafted in 1950 by the then newly formed council of europe, the convention entered into force on 3 september 1953. all council of europe member states are party to the convention and new members are expected to ratify the convention at the earliest opportunity. <SEP> <P4-S0> In 1957 the Soviet Union launched the world's first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1. <P4-S1> Since then, about 6,600 satellites from more than 40 countries have been launched. <P4-S2> According to a 2013 estimate, 3,600 remained in orbit. <P4-S3> Of those, about 1,000 were operational; while the rest have lived out their useful lives and become space debris. <P4-S4> Approximately 500 operational satellites are in low - Earth orbit, 50 are in medium - Earth orbit (at 20,000 km), and the rest are in geostationary orbit (at 36,000 km). <P4-S5> A few large satellites have been launched in parts and assembled in orbit. <P4-S6> Over a dozen space probes have been placed into orbit around other bodies and become artificial satellites to the Moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, a few asteroids, a comet and the Sun.