Question: When was quantitative easing started by the group that controls the monetary policy in the country that Amin visited for the second time?

<P0-S0> beginning in march 2009, the bank of england had purchased around £165 billion in assets as of september 2009 and around £175 billion in assets by the end of october 2009. at its meeting in november 2009, the monetary policy committee (mpc) voted to increase total asset purchases to £200 billion. <P0-S1> most of the assets purchased have been uk government securities (gilts); the bank has also purchased smaller quantities of high - quality private - sector assets. <P0-S2> in december 2010, mpc member adam posen called for a £50 billion expansion of the bank's quantitative easing programme, while his colleague andrew sentance has called for an increase in interest rates due to inflation being above the target rate of 2%. <P0-S3> in october 2011, the bank of england announced that it would undertake another round of qe, creating an additional £75 billion. <P0-S4> in february 2012 it announced an additional £50 billion. <P0-S5> in july 2012 it announced another £50 billion, bringing the total amount to £375 billion. <P0-S6> the bank has said that it will not buy more than 70% of any issue of government debt. <P0-S7> this means that at least 30% of any issue of government debt will have to be purchased and held by institutions other than the bank of england. <P0-S8> in 2012 the bank estimated that quantitative easing had benefited households differentially according to the assets they hold; richer households have more assets. <SEP> <P1-S0> Monetary policy concerns the actions of a central bank or other regulatory authorities that determine the size and rate of growth of the money supply. <P1-S1> For example, in the United States, the Federal Reserve is in charge of monetary policy, and implements it primarily by performing operations that influence short - term interest rates. <SEP> <P2-S0> The US Federal Reserve belatedly implemented policies similar to the current quantitative easing during the Great Depression of the 1930s. <P2-S1> Specifically, banks' excess reserves exceeded 6 percent in 1940, whereas they vanished during the entire postwar period until 2008. <P2-S2> Despite this fact, many commentators called the scope of the Federal Reserve quantitative easing program after the 2008 crisis ``unprecedented ''. <SEP> <P3-S0> under german control, and even before then, japanese traders and fishermen from time to time visited the marshall islands, although contact with the islanders was irregular. <P3-S1> after the meiji restoration (1868), the japanese government adopted a policy of turning the japanese empire into a great economic and military power in east asia. <SEP> <P4-S0> Hafizullah Amin (Pashto/Dari: حفيظ الله امين‎; born 1 August 1929 – 27 December 1979) was an Afghan communist politician during the Cold War. <P4-S1> Amin was born in Paghman and educated at Kabul University, after which he started his career as a teacher. <P4-S2> After a few years in that occupation, he went to the United States to study. <P4-S3> He would visit the United States a second time before moving permanently to Afghanistan, and starting his career in radical politics. <P4-S4> He ran as a candidate in the 1965 parliamentary election but failed to secure a seat. <P4-S5> Amin was the only Khalqist elected to parliament in the 1969 parliamentary election, thus increasing his standing within the party. <P4-S6> He was one of the leading organizers of the Saur Revolution which overthrew the government of Mohammad Daoud Khan. <P4-S7> In 1979 he named himself president, prime minister, and chairman of the Khalq wing. <P4-S8> He has been described as "ruthless" and a "radical Marxist".Amin's short-lived presidency was marked by controversies from beginning to end. <P4-S9> He came to power by disposing of his predecessor Nur Muhammad Taraki and later ordering his death. <P4-S10> Amin made attempts to win support from those who revolted against the communist regime which had begun under Taraki, but his government was unable to solve this problem. <P4-S11> Many Afghans held Amin responsible for the regime's harshest measures, such as ordering thousands of executions. <P4-S12> Thousands of people disappeared without trace during his time in office. <P4-S13> The Soviet Union, which was dissatisfied with Amin, intervened in Afghanistan while invoking the Twenty-Year Treaty of Friendship between Afghanistan and the Soviet Union. <P4-S14> Amin was assassinated by the Soviets on December 27, 1979 as part of Operation Storm-333, having ruled for slightly longer than three months.