winkelee/scaling-down huggingface dataset:
Question: Which explorer accurately mapped the coasts of the place the Europa bridge was named after and the region under which WINEP bundles the countries of Northwest Africa?

<P0-S0> The Washington Institute for Near East Policy (WINEP) is a non-profit organization for research and advice on Middle Eastern policy. <P0-S1> It regards its target countries as the Middle East but adopts the convention of calling them the Near East to be in conformance with the practices of the State Department. <P0-S2> Its views are independent. <P0-S3> The WINEP bundles the countries of Northwest Africa together under "North Africa." <P0-S4> Details can be found in Policy Focus #65. <SEP> <P1-S0> the first country to attempt to circumnavigate africa was portugal, which had, since the early 15th century, begun to explore northern africa under henry the navigator. <P1-S1> emboldened by these early successes and eyeing a lucrative monopoly on a possible sea route to the indies the portuguese first crossed the cape of good hope in 1488 on an expedition led by bartolomeu dias. <P1-S2> just nine years later in 1497 on the orders of manuel i of portugal, four vessels under the command of navigator vasco da gama rounded the cape of good hope, continuing to the eastern coast of africa to malindi to sail across the indian ocean to calicut, on the malabar coast. <P1-S3> in south india -- the capital of the local zamorin rulers. <P1-S4> the wealth of the indies was now open for the europeans to explore; the portuguese empire was the earliest european seaborne empire to grow from the spice trade. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Europa Bridge or Bridge of Europe ("Europabrücke") is a bridge carrying the A13 Brenner Autobahn (and European route E45) over the Wipp valley just south of Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria. <P2-S1> The bridge spans the Sill River, and forms part of the main route across the Alps from western Austria to South Tyrol in Italy. <P2-S2> It is also part of the main route between southeastern Germany and northern Italy. <SEP> <P3-S0> The Piri Reis map is a world map compiled in 1513 from military intelligence by the Ottoman admiral and cartographer Piri Reis (pronounced (piɾi ɾeis)). <P3-S1> Approximately one third of the map survives; it shows the western coasts of Europe and North Africa and the coast of Brazil with reasonable accuracy. <P3-S2> Various Atlantic islands, including the Azores and Canary Islands, are depicted, as is the mythical island of Antillia and possibly Japan. <SEP> <P4-S0> the smoking hills are located on the east coast of cape bathurst in canada's northwest territories, next to the arctic ocean and a small group of lakes. <P4-S1> the cliffs were named by explorer john franklin, who was the first european to see them on his 1826 expeditions. <P4-S2> they contain strata of hydrocarbons (oil shales), which have been burning continuously for centuries.
Question: Which explorer accurately mapped the coasts of both the continent where the Kingdom of the Netherlands is found, and the area where the WINEP bundles the countries of Northwest Africa?

<P0-S0> The postal region of the Netherlands is located in North-West Europe and comprises the whole territory of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in Europe and until 2010 the full territory of the country the Netherlands. <P0-S1> Four other postal regions exist in the kingdom: for Aruba, the Caribbean Netherlands (Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba), Curaçao and Sint Maarten. <SEP> <P1-S0> africa is the world's second largest and second most - populous continent (behind asia in both categories). <P1-S1> at about 30.3 million km (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of earth's total surface area and 20% of its land area. <P1-S2> with 1.2 billion people as of 2016, it accounts for about 16% of the world's human population. <P1-S3> the continent is surrounded by the mediterranean sea to the north, the isthmus of suez and the red sea to the northeast, the indian ocean to the southeast and the atlantic ocean to the west. <P1-S4> the continent includes madagascar and various archipelagos. <P1-S5> it contains 54 fully recognised sovereign states (countries), nine territories and two de facto independent states with limited or no recognition. <P1-S6> the majority of the continent and its countries are in the northern hemisphere, with a substantial portion and number of countries in the southern hemisphere. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Washington Institute for Near East Policy (WINEP) is a non-profit organization for research and advice on Middle Eastern policy. <P2-S1> It regards its target countries as the Middle East but adopts the convention of calling them the Near East to be in conformance with the practices of the State Department. <P2-S2> Its views are independent. <P2-S3> The WINEP bundles the countries of Northwest Africa together under "North Africa." <P2-S4> Details can be found in Policy Focus #65. <SEP> <P3-S0> The Piri Reis map is a world map compiled in 1513 from military intelligence by the Ottoman admiral and cartographer Piri Reis (pronounced (piɾi ɾeis)). <P3-S1> Approximately one third of the map survives; it shows the western coasts of Europe and North Africa and the coast of Brazil with reasonable accuracy. <P3-S2> Various Atlantic islands, including the Azores and Canary Islands, are depicted, as is the mythical island of Antillia and possibly Japan. <SEP> <P4-S0> hartog plate or dirk hartog's plate is either of two plates, although primarily the first, which were left on dirk hartog island during a period of european exploration of the western coast of australia prior to european settlement there. <P4-S1> the first plate, left by dutch explorer dirk hartog, is the oldest-known artifact of european exploration in australia still in existence. <P4-S2> the original dish was returned to the netherlands where it is on display in the rijksmuseum. <P4-S3> a replacement and additional dish were subsequently discovered on three additional visits over the next 200 years
Question: Who is the explorer who accurately mapped the coasts of the continent Gelderland is located and the region the WINEP bundled the countries of Northwest Africa?

<P0-S0> the lazarev ice shelf is that part of the ice shelf fringing the princess astrid coast of queen maud land, antarctica, that lies between leningradskiy island and verblyud island. <P0-S1> it is part of the western riiser-larsen sea and is about long. <P0-S2> the ice shelf was first photographed from the air and mapped by the third german antarctic expedition, 1938–39. <P0-S3> it was explored and mapped by the soviet antarctic expedition in 1959, and named for lieutenant (later admiral) mikhail p. lazarev, commander of the sloop "mirnyy". <SEP> <P1-S0> Tiësto in Concert is a DVD and Blu-ray of Tiësto's concert on May 10, 2003, at the Gelredome in Arnhem, Gelderland, Netherlands, when he performed before an audience of over 25,000 people,the concert was divided into parties with live performances of groups, bands and artists representaror to a country which, in turn representing a continent in the following order: In the presentasion Tiesto intro followed by live performance by singer Andain presented to Britain, Europe, a group of carnival Sanba presented to Brazil, South America, the singer's live performance and band Dinand Woesthoff Star Spangled Banner presented to the United States of America, North America, the Chinese group I play the theme Tiësto in Concert Asia presented to China, Asia after the live performance by singer Jan Johnston, after the live performance of Omar Ka & Fula Band presented to Africa in general, and finally the live performance of Jerry de Jonge & Beijerink Presented to Australia, Oceania. <SEP> <P2-S0> east africa or eastern africa is the easterly region of the african continent, variably defined by geography or geopolitics. <P2-S1> in the united nations statistics division scheme of geographic regions, 20 territories constitute eastern africa: <SEP> <P3-S0> The Washington Institute for Near East Policy (WINEP) is a non-profit organization for research and advice on Middle Eastern policy. <P3-S1> It regards its target countries as the Middle East but adopts the convention of calling them the Near East to be in conformance with the practices of the State Department. <P3-S2> Its views are independent. <P3-S3> The WINEP bundles the countries of Northwest Africa together under "North Africa." <P3-S4> Details can be found in Policy Focus #65. <SEP> <P4-S0> The Piri Reis map is a world map compiled in 1513 from military intelligence by the Ottoman admiral and cartographer Piri Reis (pronounced (piɾi ɾeis)). <P4-S1> Approximately one third of the map survives; it shows the western coasts of Europe and North Africa and the coast of Brazil with reasonable accuracy. <P4-S2> Various Atlantic islands, including the Azores and Canary Islands, are depicted, as is the mythical island of Antillia and possibly Japan.
Question: Who accurately mapped the coasts of the continent Spain is located in and the region WINEP bundled the countries of Northwest Africa?

<P0-S0> the republic of the congo (french: république du congo), also known as congo, congo republic, west congo[citation needed], or congo-brazzaville, is a country located in central africa. <P0-S1> it is bordered by five countries: gabon to the west; cameroon to the northwest; the central african republic to the northeast; the democratic republic of the congo to the east and south; and the angolan exclave of cabinda to the southwest. <SEP> <P1-S0> The Washington Institute for Near East Policy (WINEP) is a non-profit organization for research and advice on Middle Eastern policy. <P1-S1> It regards its target countries as the Middle East but adopts the convention of calling them the Near East to be in conformance with the practices of the State Department. <P1-S2> Its views are independent. <P1-S3> The WINEP bundles the countries of Northwest Africa together under "North Africa." <P1-S4> Details can be found in Policy Focus #65. <SEP> <P2-S0> the northwest passage territorial park is located at gjoa haven, on king william island, kitikmeot region, nunavut, canada. <P2-S1> the park consists of six areas that show in part the history of the exploration of the northwest passage and the first successful passage by roald amundsen in the gjøa. <SEP> <P3-S0> The Piri Reis map is a world map compiled in 1513 from military intelligence by the Ottoman admiral and cartographer Piri Reis (pronounced (piɾi ɾeis)). <P3-S1> Approximately one third of the map survives; it shows the western coasts of Europe and North Africa and the coast of Brazil with reasonable accuracy. <P3-S2> Various Atlantic islands, including the Azores and Canary Islands, are depicted, as is the mythical island of Antillia and possibly Japan. <SEP> <P4-S0> Spain (Spanish: España [esˈpaɲa] (listen)), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de España), is a country mostly located in Europe. <P4-S1> Its continental European territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula. <P4-S2> Its territory also includes two archipelagoes: the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa, and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea. <P4-S3> The African enclaves of Ceuta, Melilla, and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera make Spain the only European country to have a physical border with an African country (Morocco). <P4-S4> Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are also part of Spanish territory. <P4-S5> The country's mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar; to the north and northeast by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean.
Question: Which explorer accurately mapped the coasts of the continent Schreckhorn is on and the region WINEP bundled the countries of Northwest Africa?

<P0-S0> The Schreckhorn (4,078 m) is a mountain in the Bernese Alps. <P0-S1> It is the highest peak located entirely in the canton of Berne. <P0-S2> The Schreckhorn is the northernmost Alpine four-thousander and the northernmost summit rising above 4,000 metres in Europe. <SEP> <P1-S0> the kleines schreckhorn is a mountain of the bernese alps, located south of grindelwald in the bernese oberland. <P1-S1> it lies between the valleys of the lower grindelwald glacier and the upper grindelwald glacier, north of the schreckhorn. <SEP> <P2-S0> gibbs point, a rock point on the antarctic peninsula, the most northern area of the continent of antarctica, was named for african american antarctic explorer, george w. gibbs, jr. on september 2, 2009. on that date, the advisory committee on antarctic names (u.s. board on geographic names) confirmed the place name in antarctica for gibbs as the first black explorer to set foot on the continent. <P2-S1> gibbs point is a rock point forming the northwest entrance to gaul cove, on the northeast of horseshoe island, marguerite bay, antarctic peninsula. <SEP> <P3-S0> The Piri Reis map is a world map compiled in 1513 from military intelligence by the Ottoman admiral and cartographer Piri Reis (pronounced (piɾi ɾeis)). <P3-S1> Approximately one third of the map survives; it shows the western coasts of Europe and North Africa and the coast of Brazil with reasonable accuracy. <P3-S2> Various Atlantic islands, including the Azores and Canary Islands, are depicted, as is the mythical island of Antillia and possibly Japan. <SEP> <P4-S0> The Washington Institute for Near East Policy (WINEP) is a non-profit organization for research and advice on Middle Eastern policy. <P4-S1> It regards its target countries as the Middle East but adopts the convention of calling them the Near East to be in conformance with the practices of the State Department. <P4-S2> Its views are independent. <P4-S3> The WINEP bundles the countries of Northwest Africa together under "North Africa." <P4-S4> Details can be found in Policy Focus #65.
Question: Who is the explorer who accurately mapped the coasts of the continent Issy-les-Moulineaux is on and the countries that WINEP bundled in Northwest Africa?

<P0-S0> africa is the world's second largest and second most - populous continent (behind asia in both categories). <P0-S1> at about 30.3 million km (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of earth's total surface area and 20% of its land area. <P0-S2> with 1.2 billion people as of 2016, it accounts for about 16% of the world's human population. <P0-S3> the continent is surrounded by the mediterranean sea to the north, the isthmus of suez and the red sea to the northeast, the indian ocean to the southeast and the atlantic ocean to the west. <P0-S4> the continent includes madagascar and various archipelagos. <P0-S5> it contains 54 fully recognised sovereign states (countries), nine territories and two de facto independent states with limited or no recognition. <P0-S6> the majority of the continent and its countries are in the northern hemisphere, with a substantial portion and number of countries in the southern hemisphere. <SEP> <P1-S0> The Washington Institute for Near East Policy (WINEP) is a non-profit organization for research and advice on Middle Eastern policy. <P1-S1> It regards its target countries as the Middle East but adopts the convention of calling them the Near East to be in conformance with the practices of the State Department. <P1-S2> Its views are independent. <P1-S3> The WINEP bundles the countries of Northwest Africa together under "North Africa." <P1-S4> Details can be found in Policy Focus #65. <SEP> <P2-S0> antarctica has no indigenous population and there is no evidence that it was seen by humans until the 19th century. <P2-S1> however, belief in the existence of a terra australis—a vast continent in the far south of the globe to "balance" the northern lands of europe, asia and north africa—had existed since the times of ptolemy (1st century ad), who suggested the idea to preserve the symmetry of all known landmasses in the world. <P2-S2> even in the late 17th century, after explorers had found that south america and australia were not part of the fabled "antarctica", geographers believed that the continent was much larger than its actual size. <SEP> <P3-S0> Eurosport, the Canal+ Group, Coca-Cola France, France 24, Microsoft France and Europe, Sodexo, and Technicolor SA are based in Issy-les-Moulineaux. <SEP> <P4-S0> The Piri Reis map is a world map compiled in 1513 from military intelligence by the Ottoman admiral and cartographer Piri Reis (pronounced (piɾi ɾeis)). <P4-S1> Approximately one third of the map survives; it shows the western coasts of Europe and North Africa and the coast of Brazil with reasonable accuracy. <P4-S2> Various Atlantic islands, including the Azores and Canary Islands, are depicted, as is the mythical island of Antillia and possibly Japan.
Question: Who was the explorer who accurately mapped the coasts of the Germany's central interest and the region that WINEP bundles the countries of Northwest Africa?

<P0-S0> The Washington Institute for Near East Policy (WINEP) is a non-profit organization for research and advice on Middle Eastern policy. <P0-S1> It regards its target countries as the Middle East but adopts the convention of calling them the Near East to be in conformance with the practices of the State Department. <P0-S2> Its views are independent. <P0-S3> The WINEP bundles the countries of Northwest Africa together under "North Africa." <P0-S4> Details can be found in Policy Focus #65. <SEP> <P1-S0> havas was born to a jewish family in rouen. <P1-S1> in 1835, he founded the agence havas, aware of their growing interest in international affairs, translated foreign newspapers and then sold them to the french national press, local businessman, and the government. <P1-S2> recognizing that newspapers were not always accurate and often biased, he explored the concept of having his own correspondents in the field who would supply his agency with information. <P1-S3> he died at bougival. <SEP> <P2-S0> the smoking hills are located on the east coast of cape bathurst in canada's northwest territories, next to the arctic ocean and a small group of lakes. <P2-S1> the cliffs were named by explorer john franklin, who was the first european to see them on his 1826 expeditions. <P2-S2> they contain strata of hydrocarbons (oil shales), which have been burning continuously for centuries. <SEP> <P3-S0> The Piri Reis map is a world map compiled in 1513 from military intelligence by the Ottoman admiral and cartographer Piri Reis (pronounced (piɾi ɾeis)). <P3-S1> Approximately one third of the map survives; it shows the western coasts of Europe and North Africa and the coast of Brazil with reasonable accuracy. <P3-S2> Various Atlantic islands, including the Azores and Canary Islands, are depicted, as is the mythical island of Antillia and possibly Japan. <SEP> <P4-S0> Not a maritime power, and not a nation-state, as it would eventually become, Germany’s participation in Western imperialism was negligible until the late 19th century. <P4-S1> The participation of Austria was primarily as a result of Habsburg control of the First Empire, the Spanish throne, and other royal houses. <P4-S2> [further explanation needed] After the defeat of Napoleon, who caused the dissolution of that Holy Roman Empire, Prussia and the German states continued to stand aloof from imperialism, preferring to manipulate the European system through the Concert of Europe. <P4-S3> After Prussia unified the other states into the second German Empire after the Franco-German War, its long-time Chancellor, Otto von Bismarck (1862–90), long opposed colonial acquisitions, arguing that the burden of obtaining, maintaining, and defending such possessions would outweigh any potential benefits. <P4-S4> He felt that colonies did not pay for themselves, that the German bureaucratic system would not work well in the tropics and the diplomatic disputes over colonies would distract Germany from its central interest, Europe itself.
Question: Who accurately mapped the coast of the continent Armenia is found in and the region the WINEP bundled countries of Northwest Africa are called?

<P0-S0> Armenia is a member of the Eurasian Economic Union, the Council of Europe and the Collective Security Treaty Organization. <P0-S1> Armenia supports the "de facto" independent Artsakh, which was proclaimed in 1991. <SEP> <P1-S0> The Piri Reis map is a world map compiled in 1513 from military intelligence by the Ottoman admiral and cartographer Piri Reis (pronounced (piɾi ɾeis)). <P1-S1> Approximately one third of the map survives; it shows the western coasts of Europe and North Africa and the coast of Brazil with reasonable accuracy. <P1-S2> Various Atlantic islands, including the Azores and Canary Islands, are depicted, as is the mythical island of Antillia and possibly Japan. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Washington Institute for Near East Policy (WINEP) is a non-profit organization for research and advice on Middle Eastern policy. <P2-S1> It regards its target countries as the Middle East but adopts the convention of calling them the Near East to be in conformance with the practices of the State Department. <P2-S2> Its views are independent. <P2-S3> The WINEP bundles the countries of Northwest Africa together under "North Africa." <P2-S4> Details can be found in Policy Focus #65. <SEP> <P3-S0> africa is the world's second largest and second most - populous continent (behind asia in both categories). <P3-S1> at about 30.3 million km (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of earth's total surface area and 20% of its land area. <P3-S2> with 1.2 billion people as of 2016, it accounts for about 16% of the world's human population. <P3-S3> the continent is surrounded by the mediterranean sea to the north, the isthmus of suez and the red sea to the northeast, the indian ocean to the southeast and the atlantic ocean to the west. <P3-S4> the continent includes madagascar and various archipelagos. <P3-S5> it contains 54 fully recognised sovereign states (countries), nine territories and two de facto independent states with limited or no recognition. <P3-S6> the majority of the continent and its countries are in the northern hemisphere, with a substantial portion and number of countries in the southern hemisphere. <SEP> <P4-S0> armenia–singapore relations refers to bilateral foreign relations between the two countries, armenia and singapore. <P4-S1> neither country has a resident ambassador. <P4-S2> the embassy of armenia in beijing, china is accredited to singapore. <P4-S3> singapore has no representation in armenia.
Question: What explorer accurately mapped the coasts of the continent where Friesland is found, and the African region where the WINEP bundles the countries of Northwest Africa?

<P0-S0> Liet International (West Frisian: "Liet Ynternasjonaal"), formerly Liet-Lávlut, is a song contest for musicians who speak any of Europe's regional or minority languages that was held the first time in Friesland in 2002. <P0-S1> The goal of the festival is to boost interest in Europe's minority languages, especially with young people. <SEP> <P1-S0> east africa or eastern africa is the easterly region of the african continent, variably defined by geography or geopolitics. <P1-S1> in the united nations statistics division scheme of geographic regions, 20 territories constitute eastern africa: <SEP> <P2-S0> The Piri Reis map is a world map compiled in 1513 from military intelligence by the Ottoman admiral and cartographer Piri Reis (pronounced (piɾi ɾeis)). <P2-S1> Approximately one third of the map survives; it shows the western coasts of Europe and North Africa and the coast of Brazil with reasonable accuracy. <P2-S2> Various Atlantic islands, including the Azores and Canary Islands, are depicted, as is the mythical island of Antillia and possibly Japan. <SEP> <P3-S0> The Washington Institute for Near East Policy (WINEP) is a non-profit organization for research and advice on Middle Eastern policy. <P3-S1> It regards its target countries as the Middle East but adopts the convention of calling them the Near East to be in conformance with the practices of the State Department. <P3-S2> Its views are independent. <P3-S3> The WINEP bundles the countries of Northwest Africa together under "North Africa." <P3-S4> Details can be found in Policy Focus #65. <SEP> <P4-S0> portuguese discoveries (portuguese: descobrimentos portugueses) are the numerous territories and maritime routes discovered by the portuguese as a result of their intensive maritime exploration during the 15th and 16th centuries. <P4-S1> portuguese sailors were at the vanguard of european overseas exploration, discovering and mapping the coasts of africa, canada, asia and brazil, in what became known as the age of discovery. <P4-S2> methodical expeditions started in 1419 along west africa's coast under the sponsorship of prince henry the navigator, with bartolomeu dias reaching the cape of good hope and entering the indian ocean in 1488. ten years later, in 1498, vasco da gama led the first fleet around africa to india, arriving in calicut and starting a maritime route from portugal to india. <P4-S3> portuguese explorations then proceeded to southeast asia, where they reached japan in 1542, forty - four years after their first arrival in india. <P4-S4> in 1500, the portuguese nobleman pedro álvares cabral became the first european to discover brazil.
Question: Who is the explorer that accurately mapped the coasts of the continent Rubicon is located in and the WINEP bundled countries of Northwest Africa?

<P0-S0> The Piri Reis map is a world map compiled in 1513 from military intelligence by the Ottoman admiral and cartographer Piri Reis (pronounced (piɾi ɾeis)). <P0-S1> Approximately one third of the map survives; it shows the western coasts of Europe and North Africa and the coast of Brazil with reasonable accuracy. <P0-S2> Various Atlantic islands, including the Azores and Canary Islands, are depicted, as is the mythical island of Antillia and possibly Japan. <SEP> <P1-S0> Crossing the Rubicon was an album by the Swedish melodic death metal band Armageddon, released in Europe on the now defunct W.A.R. <P1-S1> records, and in Japan on Toy's Factory records in 1997. <P1-S2> The album features Christopher Amott of Arch Enemy, as well as former Arch Enemy members Peter Wildoer and Martin Bengtsson. <P1-S3> The album was only released in Japan, briefly in Europe, and is extremely hard to find. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Washington Institute for Near East Policy (WINEP) is a non-profit organization for research and advice on Middle Eastern policy. <P2-S1> It regards its target countries as the Middle East but adopts the convention of calling them the Near East to be in conformance with the practices of the State Department. <P2-S2> Its views are independent. <P2-S3> The WINEP bundles the countries of Northwest Africa together under "North Africa." <P2-S4> Details can be found in Policy Focus #65. <SEP> <P3-S0> the smoking hills are located on the east coast of cape bathurst in canada's northwest territories, next to the arctic ocean and a small group of lakes. <P3-S1> the cliffs were named by explorer john franklin, who was the first european to see them on his 1826 expeditions. <P3-S2> they contain strata of hydrocarbons (oil shales), which have been burning continuously for centuries. <SEP> <P4-S0> the lazarev ice shelf is that part of the ice shelf fringing the princess astrid coast of queen maud land, antarctica, that lies between leningradskiy island and verblyud island. <P4-S1> it is part of the western riiser-larsen sea and is about long. <P4-S2> the ice shelf was first photographed from the air and mapped by the third german antarctic expedition, 1938–39. <P4-S3> it was explored and mapped by the soviet antarctic expedition in 1959, and named for lieutenant (later admiral) mikhail p. lazarev, commander of the sloop "mirnyy".
Question: Which explorer accurately mapped the coasts of the continent after which Europa Bridge is named and the continent under which WINEP bundles the countries of Northwest Africa?

<P0-S0> The Piri Reis map is a world map compiled in 1513 from military intelligence by the Ottoman admiral and cartographer Piri Reis (pronounced (piɾi ɾeis)). <P0-S1> Approximately one third of the map survives; it shows the western coasts of Europe and North Africa and the coast of Brazil with reasonable accuracy. <P0-S2> Various Atlantic islands, including the Azores and Canary Islands, are depicted, as is the mythical island of Antillia and possibly Japan. <SEP> <P1-S0> The Washington Institute for Near East Policy (WINEP) is a non-profit organization for research and advice on Middle Eastern policy. <P1-S1> It regards its target countries as the Middle East but adopts the convention of calling them the Near East to be in conformance with the practices of the State Department. <P1-S2> Its views are independent. <P1-S3> The WINEP bundles the countries of Northwest Africa together under "North Africa." <P1-S4> Details can be found in Policy Focus #65. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Europa Bridge or Bridge of Europe ("Europabrücke") is a bridge carrying the A13 Brenner Autobahn (and European route E45) over the Wipp valley just south of Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria. <P2-S1> The bridge spans the Sill River, and forms part of the main route across the Alps from western Austria to South Tyrol in Italy. <P2-S2> It is also part of the main route between southeastern Germany and northern Italy. <SEP> <P3-S0> the smoking hills are located on the east coast of cape bathurst in canada's northwest territories, next to the arctic ocean and a small group of lakes. <P3-S1> the cliffs were named by explorer john franklin, who was the first european to see them on his 1826 expeditions. <P3-S2> they contain strata of hydrocarbons (oil shales), which have been burning continuously for centuries. <SEP> <P4-S0> wilkins runway is a single runway aerodrome operated by australia, located on upper glacier of the ice sheet preston heath, budd coast, wilkes land, on the continent of antarctica, but southeast of the actual coast. <P4-S1> it is named after sir hubert wilkins, a pioneer of antarctic aviation and exploration.
Question: Which explorer accurately mapped the coasts of the continent on which the Kingdom of the Netherlands is located and the region under which WINEP bundles the countries of northwest Africa?

<P0-S0> The Piri Reis map is a world map compiled in 1513 from military intelligence by the Ottoman admiral and cartographer Piri Reis (pronounced (piɾi ɾeis)). <P0-S1> Approximately one third of the map survives; it shows the western coasts of Europe and North Africa and the coast of Brazil with reasonable accuracy. <P0-S2> Various Atlantic islands, including the Azores and Canary Islands, are depicted, as is the mythical island of Antillia and possibly Japan. <SEP> <P1-S0> The postal region of the Netherlands is located in North-West Europe and comprises the whole territory of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in Europe and until 2010 the full territory of the country the Netherlands. <P1-S1> Four other postal regions exist in the kingdom: for Aruba, the Caribbean Netherlands (Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba), Curaçao and Sint Maarten. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Washington Institute for Near East Policy (WINEP) is a non-profit organization for research and advice on Middle Eastern policy. <P2-S1> It regards its target countries as the Middle East but adopts the convention of calling them the Near East to be in conformance with the practices of the State Department. <P2-S2> Its views are independent. <P2-S3> The WINEP bundles the countries of Northwest Africa together under "North Africa." <P2-S4> Details can be found in Policy Focus #65. <SEP> <P3-S0> hartog plate or dirk hartog's plate is either of two plates, although primarily the first, which were left on dirk hartog island during a period of european exploration of the western coast of australia prior to european settlement there. <P3-S1> the first plate, left by dutch explorer dirk hartog, is the oldest-known artifact of european exploration in australia still in existence. <P3-S2> the original dish was returned to the netherlands where it is on display in the rijksmuseum. <P3-S3> a replacement and additional dish were subsequently discovered on three additional visits over the next 200 years <SEP> <P4-S0> the first country to attempt to circumnavigate africa was portugal, which had, since the early 15th century, begun to explore northern africa under henry the navigator. <P4-S1> emboldened by these early successes and eyeing a lucrative monopoly on a possible sea route to the indies the portuguese first crossed the cape of good hope in 1488 on an expedition led by bartolomeu dias. <P4-S2> just nine years later in 1497 on the orders of manuel i of portugal, four vessels under the command of navigator vasco da gama rounded the cape of good hope, continuing to the eastern coast of africa to malindi to sail across the indian ocean to calicut, on the malabar coast. <P4-S3> in south india -- the capital of the local zamorin rulers. <P4-S4> the wealth of the indies was now open for the europeans to explore; the portuguese empire was the earliest european seaborne empire to grow from the spice trade.
Question: Who accurately mapped the coasts of the continent first modern greenhouses were built and the region WINEP bundled the countries of Northwest Africa?

<P0-S0> The Piri Reis map is a world map compiled in 1513 from military intelligence by the Ottoman admiral and cartographer Piri Reis (pronounced (piɾi ɾeis)). <P0-S1> Approximately one third of the map survives; it shows the western coasts of Europe and North Africa and the coast of Brazil with reasonable accuracy. <P0-S2> Various Atlantic islands, including the Azores and Canary Islands, are depicted, as is the mythical island of Antillia and possibly Japan. <SEP> <P1-S0> Greenhouses convert solar light to heat, enabling year-round production and the growth (in enclosed environments) of specialty crops and other plants not naturally suited to the local climate. <P1-S1> Primitive greenhouses were first used during Roman times to produce cucumbers year-round for the Roman emperor Tiberius. <P1-S2> The first modern greenhouses were built in Europe in the 16th century to keep exotic plants brought back from explorations abroad. <P1-S3> Greenhouses remain an important part of horticulture today, and plastic transparent materials have also been used to similar effect in polytunnels and row covers. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Washington Institute for Near East Policy (WINEP) is a non-profit organization for research and advice on Middle Eastern policy. <P2-S1> It regards its target countries as the Middle East but adopts the convention of calling them the Near East to be in conformance with the practices of the State Department. <P2-S2> Its views are independent. <P2-S3> The WINEP bundles the countries of Northwest Africa together under "North Africa." <P2-S4> Details can be found in Policy Focus #65. <SEP> <P3-S0> the northwest passage territorial park is located at gjoa haven, on king william island, kitikmeot region, nunavut, canada. <P3-S1> the park consists of six areas that show in part the history of the exploration of the northwest passage and the first successful passage by roald amundsen in the gjøa. <SEP> <P4-S0> the smoking hills are located on the east coast of cape bathurst in canada's northwest territories, next to the arctic ocean and a small group of lakes. <P4-S1> the cliffs were named by explorer john franklin, who was the first european to see them on his 1826 expeditions. <P4-S2> they contain strata of hydrocarbons (oil shales), which have been burning continuously for centuries.
Question: Which explorer accurately mapped the coasts of the center of the Enlightenment and the region under which WINEP bundles the countries of northwest Africa?

<P0-S0> The Piri Reis map is a world map compiled in 1513 from military intelligence by the Ottoman admiral and cartographer Piri Reis (pronounced (piɾi ɾeis)). <P0-S1> Approximately one third of the map survives; it shows the western coasts of Europe and North Africa and the coast of Brazil with reasonable accuracy. <P0-S2> Various Atlantic islands, including the Azores and Canary Islands, are depicted, as is the mythical island of Antillia and possibly Japan. <SEP> <P1-S0> The Enlightenment (also known as the Age of Enlightenment or the Age of Reason; in French: le Siècle des Lumières, lit. <P1-S1> '``the Century of Lights '''; and in German: Aufklärung,`` Enlightenment'') was an intellectual and philosophical movement that dominated the world of ideas in Europe during the 18th century, ``The Century of Philosophy ''. <SEP> <P2-S0> malawi (, or ; or [maláwi]), officially the republic of malawi, is a landlocked country in southeast africa that was formerly known as nyasaland. <P2-S1> it is bordered by zambia to the northwest, tanzania to the northeast, and mozambique on the east, south and west. <P2-S2> malawi spans over and has an estimated population of (as of july ). <P2-S3> lake malawi takes up about a third of malawi's area. <P2-S4> its capital is lilongwe, which is also malawi's largest city; the second largest is blantyre, the third largest is mzuzu and the fourth largest is its old capital zomba. <P2-S5> the name malawi comes from the maravi, an old name of the nyanja people that inhabit the area. <P2-S6> the country is also nicknamed ""the warm heart of africa"" because of the friendliness of the people. <SEP> <P3-S0> The Washington Institute for Near East Policy (WINEP) is a non-profit organization for research and advice on Middle Eastern policy. <P3-S1> It regards its target countries as the Middle East but adopts the convention of calling them the Near East to be in conformance with the practices of the State Department. <P3-S2> Its views are independent. <P3-S3> The WINEP bundles the countries of Northwest Africa together under "North Africa." <P3-S4> Details can be found in Policy Focus #65. <SEP> <P4-S0> the smoking hills are located on the east coast of cape bathurst in canada's northwest territories, next to the arctic ocean and a small group of lakes. <P4-S1> the cliffs were named by explorer john franklin, who was the first european to see them on his 1826 expeditions. <P4-S2> they contain strata of hydrocarbons (oil shales), which have been burning continuously for centuries.
Question: In which area of the continent where Galdhøpiggen is located did the period when the mosaic fell out of fashion begin

<P0-S0> Mosaic has a long history, starting in Mesopotamia in the 3rd millennium BC. <P0-S1> Pebble mosaics were made in Tiryns in Mycenean Greece; mosaics with patterns and pictures became widespread in classical times, both in Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. <P0-S2> Early Christian basilicas from the 4th century onwards were decorated with wall and ceiling mosaics. <P0-S3> Mosaic art flourished in the Byzantine Empire from the 6th to the 15th centuries; that tradition was adopted by the Norman kingdom in Sicily in the 12th century, by eastern-influenced Venice, and among the Rus in Ukraine. <P0-S4> Mosaic fell out of fashion in the Renaissance, though artists like Raphael continued to practise the old technique. <P0-S5> Roman and Byzantine influence led Jews to decorate 5th and 6th century synagogues in the Middle East with floor mosaics. <SEP> <P1-S0> the ordovician period started at a major extinction event called the cambrian-ordovician extinction events some time about 485.4 ± 1.9 ma. <P1-S1> during the ordovician the southern continents were collected into a single continent called gondwana. <P1-S2> gondwana started the period in the equatorial latitudes and, as the period progressed, drifted toward the south pole. <P1-S3> early in the ordovician the continents laurentia, siberia and baltica were still independent continents (since the break-up of the supercontinent pannotia earlier), but baltica began to move toward laurentia later in the period, causing the iapetus ocean to shrink between them. <P1-S4> also, avalonia broke free from gondwana and began to head north toward laurentia. <P1-S5> the rheic ocean was formed as a result of this. <P1-S6> by the end of the period, gondwana had neared or approached the pole and was largely glaciated. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Renaissance (UK: / rɪˈneɪsəns /, US: / rɛnəˈsɑːns /) is a period in European history, covering the span between the 14th and 17th centuries. <P2-S1> It is an extension of the Middle Ages, and is bridged by the Age of Enlightenment to modern history. <P2-S2> It grew in fragments, with the very first traces found seemingly in Italy, coming to cover much of Europe, for some scholars marking the beginning of the modern age. <SEP> <P3-S0> the tallgrass aspen parkland is a conservation area located in northeastern manitoba and northwestern minnesota. <P3-S1> the area is characterized by a mosaic of habitat types, including tallgrass prairie, aspen woodland, sedge meadow wetlands, riparian woodland, and oak savannah. <P3-S2> a number of endangered and threatened species occur in the area, including the western prairie fringed orchid and dakota skipper. <P3-S3> one of minnesota's only wild elk herds utilizes the area as well. <SEP> <P4-S0> Galdhøpiggen is the tallest mountain in Norway, Scandinavia and Northern Europe, at 2,469 m (8,100 ft) above sea level. <P4-S1> It is in the municipality of Lom (in Oppland), in the Jotunheimen mountain area.
Question: The art period in which linear perspective was perfected began in which area of the continent of Galdhøpiggen?

<P0-S0> Filippo Brunelleschi (Italian: (fiˈlippo brunelˈleski); 1377 -- April 15, 1446) was an Italian designer and a key figure in architecture, recognised to be the first modern engineer, planner and sole construction supervisor. <P0-S1> He was one of the founding fathers of the Renaissance. <P0-S2> He is generally well known for developing a technique for linear perspective in art and for building the dome of the Florence Cathedral. <P0-S3> Heavily dependent on mirrors and geometry, to ``reinforce Christian spiritual reality '', his formulation of linear perspective governed pictorial depiction of space until the late 19th century. <P0-S4> It also had the most profound -- and quite unanticipated -- influence on the rise of modern science. <P0-S5> His accomplishments also include other architectural works, sculpture, mathematics, engineering, and ship design. <P0-S6> His principal surviving works are to be found in Florence, Italy. <P0-S7> Unfortunately, his two original linear perspective panels have been lost. <SEP> <P1-S0> Galdhøpiggen is the tallest mountain in Norway, Scandinavia and Northern Europe, at 2,469 m (8,100 ft) above sea level. <P1-S1> It is in the municipality of Lom (in Oppland), in the Jotunheimen mountain area. <SEP> <P2-S0> european culture began to make an impact on chinese art during this period. <P2-S1> the jesuit priest matteo ricci visited nanjing with many western artworks, which were influential in showing different techniques of perspective and shading. <SEP> <P3-S0> The Renaissance (UK: / rɪˈneɪsəns /, US: / rɛnəˈsɑːns /) is a period in European history, covering the span between the 14th and 17th centuries. <P3-S1> It is an extension of the Middle Ages, and is bridged by the Age of Enlightenment to modern history. <P3-S2> It grew in fragments, with the very first traces found seemingly in Italy, coming to cover much of Europe, for some scholars marking the beginning of the modern age. <SEP> <P4-S0> the african great lakes region, which kenya is a part of, has been inhabited by humans since the lower paleolithic period. <P4-S1> by the first millennium ad, the bantu expansion had reached the area from west - central africa. <P4-S2> the borders of the modern state consequently comprise the crossroads of the niger - congo, nilo - saharan and afroasiatic areas of the continent, representing most major ethnolinguistic groups found in africa. <P4-S3> bantu and nilotic populations together constitute around 97% of the nation's residents. <P4-S4> european and arab presence in coastal mombasa dates to the early modern period; european exploration of the interior began in the 19th century. <P4-S5> the british empire established the east africa protectorate in 1895, which starting in 1920 gave way to the kenya colony. <P4-S6> kenya obtained independence in december 1963, but remained a member of the commonwealth of nations. <P4-S7> following a referendum in august 2010 and adoption of a new constitution, kenya is now divided into 47 semi-autonomous counties, governed by elected governors.
Question: In which area of the continent of Segrate did the period during which methods originated through which children were taught to memorize facts begin?

<P0-S0> Although it is a small town, Segrate hosts large structures such as the CILEA Interuniversity Consortium, among the most advanced supercomputing centers in Europe, and the San Raffaele Hospital. <P0-S1> Segrate received the honorary title of city with a presidential decree on 23 June 1989. <SEP> <P1-S0> the approach was originally developed by harold garfinkel, who attributed its origin to his work investigating the conduct of jury members in 1954. his interest was in describing the common sense methods through which members of a jury produce themselves in a jury room as a jury. <P1-S1> thus, their methods for: establishing matters of fact; developing evidence chains; determining the reliability of witness testimony; establishing the organization of speakers in the jury room itself; and determining the guilt or innocence of defendants, etc. <P1-S2> are all topics of interest. <P1-S3> such methods serve to constitute the social order of being a juror for the members of the jury, as well as for researchers and other interested parties, in that specific social setting. <SEP> <P2-S0> The predominant educational psychology from the 1750s onward, especially in northern European countries was associationism, the notion that the mind associates or dissociates ideas through repeated routines. <P2-S1> In addition to being conducive to Enlightenment ideologies of liberty, self-determination and personal responsibility, it offered a practical theory of the mind that allowed teachers to transform longstanding forms of print and manuscript culture into effective graphic tools of learning for the lower and middle orders of society. <P2-S2> Children were taught to memorize facts through oral and graphic methods that originated during the Renaissance. <SEP> <P3-S0> The Renaissance (UK: / rɪˈneɪsəns /, US: / rɛnəˈsɑːns /) is a period in European history, covering the span between the 14th and 17th centuries. <P3-S1> It is an extension of the Middle Ages, and is bridged by the Age of Enlightenment to modern history. <P3-S2> It grew in fragments, with the very first traces found seemingly in Italy, coming to cover much of Europe, for some scholars marking the beginning of the modern age. <SEP> <P4-S0> the european migrant crisis, or the european refugee crisis, is a term given to a period beginning in 2015 when rising numbers of people arrived in the european union (eu), travelling across the mediterranean sea or overland through southeast europe. <P4-S1> it is part of a pattern of increased immigration to europe from other continents which began in the late 20th century and which has encountered resistance in many european countries.