Question: Are the directors of films The Pledge (Film) and Certificates Of Death both from the same country?

<P0-S0> Lothar Mendes( 19 May 1894 – 24 February 1974) was a Jewish German- born screenwriter and film director. who began his career as an actor in Vienna and Berlin in Max Reinhardt's famous troupe. <P0-S1> He went to America in the early 1920s and there he remained until 1933, directing more than a dozen features, mostly frothy comedies, while under contract to Paramount. <P0-S2> His films included the last silent film made in America," The Four Feathers"( 1929) and the murder mystery" Payment Deferred"( 1933) starring British actor Charles Laughton. <SEP> <P1-S0> Sean Justin <P1-S1> Penn( born August 17, 1960) is an American actor, director, and filmmaker. <P1-S2> He has won two Academy Awards, for his roles in the mystery drama" Mystic River"( 2003) and the biopic" Milk"( 2008). <P1-S3> Penn began his acting career in television, with a brief appearance in episode 112 of" Little House on the Prairie" on December 4, 1974, and directed by his father Leo Penn. <P1-S4> Following his film debut in the drama" Taps"( 1981), and a diverse range of film roles in the 1980s, including" Fast Times at Ridgemont High"( 1982), Penn garnered critical attention for his roles in the crime dramas" At Close Range"( 1986)," State of Grace"( 1990), and" Carlito's Way"( 1993). <P1-S5> He became known as a prominent leading actor with the drama" Dead Man Walking"( 1995), for which he earned his first Academy Award nomination and the Best Actor Award at the Berlin Film Festival. <P1-S6> Penn received another two Oscar nominations for Woody Allen's comedy- drama" Sweet and Lowdown"( 1999) and the drama" I Am Sam"( 2001), before winning his first Academy Award for Best Actor in 2003 for" Mystic River" and a second one in 2008 for" Milk". <P1-S7> He has also won a Best Actor Award at the Cannes Film Festival for the Nick Cassavetes- directed" She's So Lovely"( 1997), and two Best Actor Awards at the Venice Film Festival for the indie film" Hurlyburly"( 1998) and the drama" 21 Grams"( 2003). <P1-S8> Penn made his feature film directorial debut with" The Indian Runner"( 1991), followed by the drama film" The Crossing Guard"( 1995) and the mystery film" The Pledge"( 2001). <P1-S9> Penn directed one of the 11 segments of" 11'09" 01 September 11"( 2002), a compilation film made in response to the September 11 attacks. <P1-S10> His fourth feature film, the biographical drama survival movie" Into the Wild"( 2007), garnered critical acclaim and two Academy Award nominations. <P1-S11> In addition to his film work, Penn has engaged in political and social activism, including his criticism of the George W. Bush administration, his contact with the Presidents of Cuba and Venezuela, and his humanitarian work in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina in 2005 and the 2010 Haiti earthquake. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Virgin Islands pledge is a pledge of allegiance to the Virgin Islands, a British overseas territory. <P2-S1> Some questioned the need for a pledge at all. <P2-S2> The pledge reads: Adoption of the pledge was a project of Myron Walwyn, the territory's Minister for Education and Culture. <P2-S3> The reference to God in the pledge is a source of some element of controversy too. <P2-S4> The pledge was first publicly recited on 1 July 2016 at Territory Day celebrations by Premier Dr. D. Orlando Smith and members of the government. <P2-S5> Grammatically, the reference to" these Virgin Islands" rather than" the Virgin Islands" at the end of the pledge renders the pledge ungrammatical when recited outside the territory. <P2-S6> The leader of the People ’s Empowerment Party, Natalio D. Wheatley, said there was a" glaring problem" with the pledge: that it is" oxymoronic" to refer to a territory as a country. <P2-S7> It's intended to be commonly recited by Virgin Islanders in unison at public events, especially in schools, and during public celebrations. <P2-S8> The use of the capitalised term" Territory" suggests the word is part of the territory's name when it's not. <P2-S9> It was officially adopted by the territory's House of Assembly on 23 June 2016. <P2-S10> In the same vein the government adopted a territorial song and an official territorial uniform. <P2-S11> There was little public engagement concerning the wording of the pledge before its adoption. <P2-S12> Others felt the overtly religious reference infringed their rights. <P2-S13> The pledge has received a mixed reaction. <P2-S14> She said she saw' nothing wrong with God being a part of the pledge as we are a Christian and God fearing society'. <SEP> <P3-S0> The Pledge is a 2001 American neo- noir mystery drama film directed by Sean Penn. <P3-S1> The film features an ensemble cast, starring Jack Nicholson, Aaron Eckhart, Helen Mirren, Robin Wright Penn, Vanessa Redgrave, Sam Shepard, Mickey Rourke, and Benicio del Toro. <P3-S2> It is based on Friedrich Dürrenmatt's 1958 novella. <P3-S3> Dürrenmatt wrote" The Pledge" to refine the theme he originally developed in the screenplay for the 1958 German film" It Happened in Broad Daylight" with Heinz Rühmann. <SEP> <P4-S0> Certificates of Death( German:Scheine des Todes) is a 1923 German silent film directed by Lothar Mendes and starring Alfred Abel, Eva May and Iván Petrovich. <P4-S1> The film's sets were designed by the art director Stefan Lhotka. <SEP> <P5-S0> The Pledge of Allegiance to the Philippine Flag is the pledge to the flag of the Philippines. <P5-S1> It is one of two national pledges, the other being the Patriotic Oath, which is the Philippine national pledge. <P5-S2> The Pledge of Allegiance to the Philippine Flag is recited at flag ceremonies immediately after the Patriotic Oath or, if the Patriotic Oath is not recited, after the national anthem. <P5-S3> The pledge was legalized under Executive Order No. 343, finalized by the National Commission for Culture and the Arts from a draft prepared by the Commission on the Filipino Language, approved by then- President Fidel V. Ramos on Independence Day( June 12), 1996, and subsequently by the Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines, or Republic Act No. 8491. <P5-S4> The law requires the pledge to be recited while standing with the right hand with palm open raised shoulder high. <P5-S5> The law makes no statement of what language the pledge must be recited in, but the pledge is written( and therefore recited) in Filipino.