winkelee/scaling-down huggingface dataset:
Question: Who is the father of the cast member of The Wall - Live in the city the Institute of Experimental Therapy is located?

<P0-S0> The Wall – Live in Berlin was a live concert performance by Roger Waters and numerous guest artists, of the Pink Floyd studio album "The Wall", itself largely written by Waters during his time with the band. <P0-S1> The show was held in Berlin on 21 July 1990, to commemorate the fall of the Berlin Wall eight months earlier. <P0-S2> A live album of the concert was released 21 August 1990. <P0-S3> A video of the concert was also commercially released. <SEP> <P1-S0> famaillá department is a department located in the center-west of the tucumán province, argentina. <P1-S1> its 2001 population was 30,951, mainly located in the east. <P1-S2> the department’s economic base is agriculture. <P1-S3> the national agricultural technology institute (spanish: instituto nacional de tecnología agropecuaria), commonly known as inta, has one of its experimental stations in the area. <P1-S4> the department seat is the city of famaillá. <SEP> <P2-S0> In 1911 arsphenamine, the first synthetic anti-infective drug, was developed by Paul Ehrlich and chemist Alfred Bertheim of the Institute of Experimental Therapy in Berlin. <P2-S1> The drug was given the commercial name Salvarsan. <P2-S2> Ehrlich, noting both the general toxicity of arsenic and the selective absorption of certain dyes by bacteria, hypothesized that an arsenic-containing dye with similar selective absorption properties could be used to treat bacterial infections. <P2-S3> Arsphenamine was prepared as part of a campaign to synthesize a series of such compounds, and found to exhibit partially selective toxicity. <P2-S4> Arsphenamine proved to be the first effective treatment for syphilis, a disease which prior to that time was incurable and led inexorably to severe skin ulceration, neurological damage, and death. <P2-S5> [citation needed] <SEP> <P3-S0> Waters was born on 6 September 1943, the younger of two boys, to Mary (née Whyte; 1913–2009) and Eric Fletcher Waters (1914–1944), in Great Bookham, Surrey. <P3-S1> His father, the son of a coal miner and Labour Party activist, was a schoolteacher, a devout Christian, and a Communist Party member. <P3-S2> In the early years of the Second World War, Waters' father was a conscientious objector who drove an ambulance during the Blitz. <SEP> <P4-S0> the maria gugging psychiatric clinic, known as gugging, is a psychiatric institution located on the outskirts of vienna, austria. <P4-S1> several of its patients became known for their outsider art, and were referred to as the gugging artists. <P4-S2> today, the artist/patients live in a dedicated art therapy center at gugging, known as the art / brut center gugging. <P4-S3> in stark contrast, gugging has a darkened history during the time of the nazi regime, when hundreds of mental patients were murdered or abused as part of the nazi regime euthanasia program.
Question: Who is the father of the cast member of The Wall - Live in the city Thomas Brasch died?

<P0-S0> the theme song ``nobody does it better ''was composed by marvin hamlisch with lyrics by carole bayer sager and was performed by carly simon. <P0-S1> it was nominated for academy award for best original song but lost to`` you light up my life''. <P0-S2> it was one of five bond theme songs to be nominated for the academy award for best original song. <P0-S3> the other four were ``live and let die ''in 1973,`` for your eyes only'' in 1981, ``skyfall '', and`` writing on the wall''. <P0-S4> ``skyfall ''went on to win the award in 2013 and`` writing on the wall'' won in 2016. <SEP> <P1-S0> Thomas Brasch (19 February 1945 in Westow, Yorkshire - 3 November 2001 in Berlin) was a German author, poet and film director. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Wall – Live in Berlin was a live concert performance by Roger Waters and numerous guest artists, of the Pink Floyd studio album "The Wall", itself largely written by Waters during his time with the band. <P2-S1> The show was held in Berlin on 21 July 1990, to commemorate the fall of the Berlin Wall eight months earlier. <P2-S2> A live album of the concert was released 21 August 1990. <P2-S3> A video of the concert was also commercially released. <SEP> <P3-S0> Waters was born on 6 September 1943, the younger of two boys, to Mary (née Whyte; 1913–2009) and Eric Fletcher Waters (1914–1944), in Great Bookham, Surrey. <P3-S1> His father, the son of a coal miner and Labour Party activist, was a schoolteacher, a devout Christian, and a Communist Party member. <P3-S2> In the early years of the Second World War, Waters' father was a conscientious objector who drove an ambulance during the Blitz. <SEP> <P4-S0> anne - marie johnson (born july 18, 1960) is an american actress and impressionist, who has starred in film and on television. <P4-S1> she is known for her roles as nadine hudson thomas on what's happening now! <P4-S2> !, aileen lewis on double trouble, althea tibbs on in the heat of the night, and as a cast member on in living color during its final season.
Question: Who is the father of a musician featured in the video of a concert held in the city Friedrich Auerbach died in?

<P0-S0> Waters was born on 6 September 1943, the younger of two boys, to Mary (née Whyte; 1913–2009) and Eric Fletcher Waters (1914–1944), in Great Bookham, Surrey. <P0-S1> His father, the son of a coal miner and Labour Party activist, was a schoolteacher, a devout Christian, and a Communist Party member. <P0-S2> In the early years of the Second World War, Waters' father was a conscientious objector who drove an ambulance during the Blitz. <SEP> <P1-S0> The Wall – Live in Berlin was a live concert performance by Roger Waters and numerous guest artists, of the Pink Floyd studio album "The Wall", itself largely written by Waters during his time with the band. <P1-S1> The show was held in Berlin on 21 July 1990, to commemorate the fall of the Berlin Wall eight months earlier. <P1-S2> A live album of the concert was released 21 August 1990. <P1-S3> A video of the concert was also commercially released. <SEP> <P2-S0> the series centers around the life of riley and her friends and family, particularly their school life, in which her father cory matthews is their history teacher. <P2-S1> riley shares a strong relationship with her best friend maya hart, who assists her in learning to cope with the social and personal issues of adolescence. <P2-S2> several boy meets world cast members reprise their roles in the series. <SEP> <P3-S0> Friedrich Auerbach (23 August 1870, Breslau – 4 August 1925, Berlin) was a German chemist. <P3-S1> He was the son of anatomist Leopold Auerbach and the brother of physicist Felix Auerbach. <P3-S2> He was the father of geneticist Charlotte Auerbach. <SEP> <P4-S0> red was also featured in chinese imperial architecture. <P4-S1> in the tang and song dynasties, gates of palaces were usually painted red, and nobles often painted their entire mansion red. <P4-S2> one of the most famous works of chinese literature, a dream of red mansions by cao xueqin (1715–1763), was about the lives of noble women who passed their lives out of public sight within the walls of such mansions. <P4-S3> in later dynasties red was reserved for the walls of temples and imperial residences. <P4-S4> when the manchu rulers of the qing dynasty conquered the ming and took over the forbidden city and imperial palace in beijing, all the walls, gates, beams and pillars were painted in red and gold.
Question: Who was the father of the musician who starred in the rendition of The Wall recorded in the city where Antonietta Dell'Era died?

<P0-S0> Antonietta Dell'Era (10 February 1860 Milan 22 June 1945 Berlin) was an Italian "prima ballerina" best known for originating the role of the Sugar Plum Fairy in Tchaikovsky's ballet, "The Nutcracker" (1892). <P0-S1> The St. Petersberg premiere sold out. <P0-S2> She received five curtain calls and good reviews. <P0-S3> Modest Tchaikovsky described her as "pudgy and unattractive". <P0-S4> From 1879 until 1909, Dell'Era had a successful career at the Berlin Opera, being adored by many critics and writers, among them Theodor Fontane. <P0-S5> Between 1886 and 1894, she also performed in Russia, mainly in St. Petersberg, along with the "Italian Invasion" - an influx of talented Italian dancers to Russia that included Pierina Legnani, Enrico Cecchetti, and Virginia Zucchi. <SEP> <P1-S0> red was also featured in chinese imperial architecture. <P1-S1> in the tang and song dynasties, gates of palaces were usually painted red, and nobles often painted their entire mansion red. <P1-S2> one of the most famous works of chinese literature, a dream of red mansions by cao xueqin (1715–1763), was about the lives of noble women who passed their lives out of public sight within the walls of such mansions. <P1-S3> in later dynasties red was reserved for the walls of temples and imperial residences. <P1-S4> when the manchu rulers of the qing dynasty conquered the ming and took over the forbidden city and imperial palace in beijing, all the walls, gates, beams and pillars were painted in red and gold. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Wall – Live in Berlin was a live concert performance by Roger Waters and numerous guest artists, of the Pink Floyd studio album "The Wall", itself largely written by Waters during his time with the band. <P2-S1> The show was held in Berlin on 21 July 1990, to commemorate the fall of the Berlin Wall eight months earlier. <P2-S2> A live album of the concert was released 21 August 1990. <P2-S3> A video of the concert was also commercially released. <SEP> <P3-S0> in 1944, nasser married tahia kazem, the 22-year-old daughter of a wealthy iranian father and an egyptian mother, both of whom died when she was young. <P3-S1> she was introduced to nasser through her brother, abdel hamid kazim, a merchant friend of nasser's, in 1943. after their wedding, the couple moved into a house in manshiyat al-bakri, a suburb of cairo, where they would live for the rest of their lives. <P3-S2> nasser's entry into the officer corps in 1937 secured him relatively well-paid employment in a society where most people lived in poverty. <SEP> <P4-S0> Waters was born on 6 September 1943, the younger of two boys, to Mary (née Whyte; 1913–2009) and Eric Fletcher Waters (1914–1944), in Great Bookham, Surrey. <P4-S1> His father, the son of a coal miner and Labour Party activist, was a schoolteacher, a devout Christian, and a Communist Party member. <P4-S2> In the early years of the Second World War, Waters' father was a conscientious objector who drove an ambulance during the Blitz.
Question: Who was the father of the man who performed on the concert album The Wall recorded in the city where Heinrich Grünfeld died?

<P0-S0> The Wall – Live in Berlin was a live concert performance by Roger Waters and numerous guest artists, of the Pink Floyd studio album "The Wall", itself largely written by Waters during his time with the band. <P0-S1> The show was held in Berlin on 21 July 1990, to commemorate the fall of the Berlin Wall eight months earlier. <P0-S2> A live album of the concert was released 21 August 1990. <P0-S3> A video of the concert was also commercially released. <SEP> <P1-S0> the theme song ``nobody does it better ''was composed by marvin hamlisch with lyrics by carole bayer sager and was performed by carly simon. <P1-S1> it was nominated for academy award for best original song but lost to`` you light up my life''. <P1-S2> it was one of five bond theme songs to be nominated for the academy award for best original song. <P1-S3> the other four were ``live and let die ''in 1973,`` for your eyes only'' in 1981, ``skyfall '', and`` writing on the wall''. <P1-S4> ``skyfall ''went on to win the award in 2013 and`` writing on the wall'' won in 2016. <SEP> <P2-S0> Heinrich Grünfeld (21 April 1855, Prague – 26 August 1931, Berlin) was a Bohemian-Austrian violoncellist; a brother of Alfred Grünfeld. <SEP> <P3-S0> Waters was born on 6 September 1943, the younger of two boys, to Mary (née Whyte; 1913–2009) and Eric Fletcher Waters (1914–1944), in Great Bookham, Surrey. <P3-S1> His father, the son of a coal miner and Labour Party activist, was a schoolteacher, a devout Christian, and a Communist Party member. <P3-S2> In the early years of the Second World War, Waters' father was a conscientious objector who drove an ambulance during the Blitz. <SEP> <P4-S0> august heinrich lehmann (may 29, 1842- ?) <P4-S1> was an american restaurateur from hustisford, wisconsin who served a single one-year term as a member of the wisconsin state assembly from dodge county.
Question: Who was the father of the cast member of The Wall- Live in the city where Alfred Brueckner died?

<P0-S0> The Wall – Live in Berlin was a live concert performance by Roger Waters and numerous guest artists, of the Pink Floyd studio album "The Wall", itself largely written by Waters during his time with the band. <P0-S1> The show was held in Berlin on 21 July 1990, to commemorate the fall of the Berlin Wall eight months earlier. <P0-S2> A live album of the concert was released 21 August 1990. <P0-S3> A video of the concert was also commercially released. <SEP> <P1-S0> Waters was born on 6 September 1943, the younger of two boys, to Mary (née Whyte; 1913–2009) and Eric Fletcher Waters (1914–1944), in Great Bookham, Surrey. <P1-S1> His father, the son of a coal miner and Labour Party activist, was a schoolteacher, a devout Christian, and a Communist Party member. <P1-S2> In the early years of the Second World War, Waters' father was a conscientious objector who drove an ambulance during the Blitz. <SEP> <P2-S0> red was also featured in chinese imperial architecture. <P2-S1> in the tang and song dynasties, gates of palaces were usually painted red, and nobles often painted their entire mansion red. <P2-S2> one of the most famous works of chinese literature, a dream of red mansions by cao xueqin (1715–1763), was about the lives of noble women who passed their lives out of public sight within the walls of such mansions. <P2-S3> in later dynasties red was reserved for the walls of temples and imperial residences. <P2-S4> when the manchu rulers of the qing dynasty conquered the ming and took over the forbidden city and imperial palace in beijing, all the walls, gates, beams and pillars were painted in red and gold. <SEP> <P3-S0> emil oskar nobel (; ; also oscar; 1843 – 3 september 1864) was a member of the nobel family, the youngest son of immanuel nobel, and of his wife caroline andrietta ahlsell. <P3-S1> he was the brother of robert nobel, ludvig nobel and alfred nobel. <P3-S2> he was the only one of the nobel family to go to college, going to the swedish university of uppsala. <P3-S3> emil died on september 3, 1864, the victim of an explosion while experimenting with nitroglycerine in his father's factory in heleneborg, stockholm. <P3-S4> his brother alfred later managed to stabilize dynamite with a diatomaceous earth called kieselguhr. <P3-S5> alfred was not in the factory at the time of emil’s death. <SEP> <P4-S0> Alfred Brueckner (7 September 1861, Magdeburg – 15 January 1936, Berlin) was a German classical archaeologist. <P4-S1> He was a specialist in Greek funerary art.
Question: Who was the father of the bass player and vocalist who featured in the live performance of The Wall, recorded in the city where Ralf Reichenbach died?

<P0-S0> red was also featured in chinese imperial architecture. <P0-S1> in the tang and song dynasties, gates of palaces were usually painted red, and nobles often painted their entire mansion red. <P0-S2> one of the most famous works of chinese literature, a dream of red mansions by cao xueqin (1715–1763), was about the lives of noble women who passed their lives out of public sight within the walls of such mansions. <P0-S3> in later dynasties red was reserved for the walls of temples and imperial residences. <P0-S4> when the manchu rulers of the qing dynasty conquered the ming and took over the forbidden city and imperial palace in beijing, all the walls, gates, beams and pillars were painted in red and gold. <SEP> <P1-S0> Ralf Reichenbach (31 July 1950, in Wiesbaden – 12 February 1998, in Berlin) was a German shot putter. <P1-S1> He represented West Germany and competed for the club OSC Berlin and LG Süd Berlin during his active career. <P1-S2> He competed in the men's shot put at the 1972 Summer Olympics and the 1976 Summer Olympics. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Wall – Live in Berlin was a live concert performance by Roger Waters and numerous guest artists, of the Pink Floyd studio album "The Wall", itself largely written by Waters during his time with the band. <P2-S1> The show was held in Berlin on 21 July 1990, to commemorate the fall of the Berlin Wall eight months earlier. <P2-S2> A live album of the concert was released 21 August 1990. <P2-S3> A video of the concert was also commercially released. <SEP> <P3-S0> Waters was born on 6 September 1943, the younger of two boys, to Mary (née Whyte; 1913–2009) and Eric Fletcher Waters (1914–1944), in Great Bookham, Surrey. <P3-S1> His father, the son of a coal miner and Labour Party activist, was a schoolteacher, a devout Christian, and a Communist Party member. <P3-S2> In the early years of the Second World War, Waters' father was a conscientious objector who drove an ambulance during the Blitz. <SEP> <P4-S0> mülenen castle and the attached letzi mülenen wall are a ruined medieval fortification in the village of mülenen and municipality of reichenbach im kandertal, in the swiss canton of bern. <P4-S1> the letzi mülenen is a swiss heritage site of national significance.
Question: Where did the country of citizenship of Augustin Paus's father compete at the 1920 Summer Olympics?

<P0-S0> cambodia competed at the 1972 summer olympics in munich, west germany. <P0-S1> the nation returned to the olympic games as the khmer republic (1970–1975) after missing the 1968 summer olympics. <P0-S2> owing to the troubled situation of the country cambodia would not compete again until the 1996 summer olympics. <SEP> <P1-S0> He was headmaster and owner of Nissen's Girls' School (1872–1907/1903) and head of its affiliated women's teachers college, the first higher education institution open to women in Norway. <P1-S1> He was also a lecturer at the Norwegian Military Academy. <P1-S2> He was chairman of the Norwegian Santal Mission (1887–1907), in succession to Oscar Nissen, and the first editor-in-chief of its journal "Santalen". <P1-S3> He also wrote and edited several schoolbooks in Norwegian and German, including the reading book series "Læsebog i Modersmaalet", that was one of the most widely used schoolbooks in Norway for over half a century. <P1-S4> A village in India, Pauspur (Pausspur), was named in his honour. <P1-S5> He was a member of the government-appointed committee which proposed the Higher School Act, adopted in 1896. <SEP> <P2-S0> Norway competed at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp, Belgium. <P2-S1> 194 competitors, 188 men and 6 women, took part in 72 events in 16 sports. <SEP> <P3-S0> ice hockey is a sport that is contested at the winter olympic games. <P3-S1> a men's ice hockey tournament has been held every winter olympics (starting in 1924); an ice hockey tournament was also held at the 1920 summer olympics. <P3-S2> from 1920 to 1968, the olympics also acted as the ice hockey world championships, and the two events occurred concurrently. <P3-S3> from 1920 until 1984, only amateur athletes were allowed to compete in the tournament, and players from the national hockey league (nhl) were not allowed to compete. <P3-S4> the countries that benefited most were the soviet bloc countries of eastern europe, where top athletes were state - sponsored while retaining their status as amateurs. <P3-S5> in 1970, after a disagreement over the definition of amateur players, canada withdrew from the tournament and did not send a team to the 1972 or 1976 winter olympics. <P3-S6> in 1986, the international olympic committee (ioc) decided to allow professional athletes to compete in the olympics, and starting in 1998, the nhl allowed its players to participate. <P3-S7> women's ice hockey was added in 1992 and the first tournament was held at the 1998 winter olympics. <P3-S8> both events have been held at every olympic games since. <SEP> <P4-S0> Augustin Paus was a son of the theologian Bernhard Pauss and Anna Henriette Wegner, and was a grandson of the industrialist Benjamin Wegner and Henriette Seyler (whose family owned Berenberg Bank).
Question: Who was in charge of the nation where 66 citizens of the country that the Soviets didn't want to engage in conflict with, were held hostage for 444 days in the late 1970s?

<P0-S0> The Iran hostage crisis was a diplomatic standoff between Iran and the United States of America. <P0-S1> Fifty - two American diplomats and citizens were held hostage for 444 days from November 4, 1979, to January 20, 1981, after a group of Iranian college students belonging to the Muslim Student Followers of the Imam's Line, who supported the Iranian Revolution, took over the U.S. Embassy in Tehran. <P0-S2> It stands as the longest hostage crisis in recorded history. <SEP> <P1-S0> memorial day or decoration day is a federal holiday in the united states for remembering the people who died while serving in the country's armed forces. <P1-S1> the holiday, which is currently observed every year on the last monday of may, was held on may 29, 2017. the holiday was held on may 30 from 1868 to 1970. it marks the start of the unofficial summer vacation season, while labor day marks its end. <SEP> <P2-S0> Hassan Rouhani was elected as the president on 15 June 2013, defeating Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf and four other candidates. <P2-S1> The electoral victory of Rouhani has relatively improved the relations of Iran with other countries. <SEP> <P3-S0> josephine meeker (january 28, 1857 – december 20, 1882), was a teacher and physician at the white river indian agency in colorado territory, where her father nathan meeker was the united states (us) agent. <P3-S1> on september 29, 1879, he and 10 of his male employees were killed in a ute attack, in what became known as the meeker massacre. <P3-S2> josephine, her mother arvilla meeker, and mrs. shadruck price and her two children were taken captive and held hostage by the ute tribe for 23 days. <SEP> <P4-S0> In April 1950, Stalin gave Kim permission to invade the South under the condition that Mao would agree to send reinforcements if they became needed. <P4-S1> Stalin made it clear that Soviet forces would not openly engage in combat, to avoid a direct war with the Americans. <P4-S2> Kim met with Mao in May 1950. <P4-S3> Mao was concerned that the Americans would intervene but agreed to support the North Korean invasion. <P4-S4> China desperately needed the economic and military aid promised by the Soviets. <P4-S5> At that time, the Chinese were in the process of demobilizing half of the PLA's 5.6 million soldiers. <P4-S6> However, Mao sent more ethnic Korean PLA veterans to Korea and promised to move an army closer to the Korean border. <P4-S7> Once Mao's commitment was secured, preparations for war accelerated.
Question: Who became the leader of the country where 66 people the Soviets did not want to engage in conflict were held hostage for 444 days in the late 1970s?

<P0-S0> In April 1950, Stalin gave Kim permission to invade the South under the condition that Mao would agree to send reinforcements if they became needed. <P0-S1> Stalin made it clear that Soviet forces would not openly engage in combat, to avoid a direct war with the Americans. <P0-S2> Kim met with Mao in May 1950. <P0-S3> Mao was concerned that the Americans would intervene but agreed to support the North Korean invasion. <P0-S4> China desperately needed the economic and military aid promised by the Soviets. <P0-S5> At that time, the Chinese were in the process of demobilizing half of the PLA's 5.6 million soldiers. <P0-S6> However, Mao sent more ethnic Korean PLA veterans to Korea and promised to move an army closer to the Korean border. <P0-S7> Once Mao's commitment was secured, preparations for war accelerated. <SEP> <P1-S0> satymkul dzhumanazarov (; 17 september 1951 – 2 april 2007) was a soviet athlete from kyrgyzstan who competed mainly in the marathon. <P1-S1> he competed for the ussr at the 1980 summer olympics held in moscow, soviet union, where he won the bronze medal in the men's marathon. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Iran hostage crisis was a diplomatic standoff between Iran and the United States of America. <P2-S1> Fifty - two American diplomats and citizens were held hostage for 444 days from November 4, 1979, to January 20, 1981, after a group of Iranian college students belonging to the Muslim Student Followers of the Imam's Line, who supported the Iranian Revolution, took over the U.S. Embassy in Tehran. <P2-S2> It stands as the longest hostage crisis in recorded history. <SEP> <P3-S0> Mohammad Mosaddegh (Persian: محمد مصدق ‎ ‎; IPA: (mohæmˈmæd (- e) mosædˈdeɣ) (listen); 16 June 1882 -- 5 March 1967), was an Iranian politician. <P3-S1> He was the head of a democratically elected government, holding office as the Prime Minister of Iran from 1951 until 1953, when his government was overthrown in a coup d'état aided by the United States' Central Intelligence Agency and the United Kingdom's Secret Intelligence Service. <SEP> <P4-S0> in 1978 brown was appointed director of the tasmanian wilderness society. <P4-S1> in the late 1970s he emerged as a leader of the campaign to prevent construction of the franklin dam, which would have flooded the franklin river valley as part of a hydroelectricity project. <P4-S2> brown was among the 1500 people arrested while protesting during the campaign. <P4-S3> he subsequently spent 19 days in hobart's risdon prison. <P4-S4> on the day of his release in 1983, he became a member of tasmania's parliament for the house of assembly seat of denison after the democrats mp norm sanders resigned to successfully stand for the australian senate; brown was elected to replace him on a countback. <P4-S5> the franklin campaign was a success after federal government intervention protected the franklin river in 1983.
Question: What country does the president of the country One's performer is a citizen of rule over?

<P0-S0> One is an EP by Italian electronic musician Tying Tiffany. <P0-S1> It was released on 12 March 2013 on ZerOKilled Music and on a 10" Picture Disc vinyl on 1 August 2013 on Mecanica. <P0-S2> The EP consists of four songs, linked by "one" theme and having almost the same length each. <SEP> <P1-S0> Tying Tiffany (also known as TT and Tiff Lion) is an electronic music singer and songwriter, born in 1978 in Padua, Italy. <P1-S1> She stated that the idea of her stage name was born from a photo book by artist Nobuyoshi Araki. <SEP> <P2-S0> the constitution of south africa is the supreme law of the country of south africa. <P2-S1> it provides the legal foundation for the existence of the republic, sets out the rights and duties of its citizens, and defines the structure of the government. <P2-S2> the current constitution, the country's fifth, was drawn up by the parliament elected in 1994 in the first non-racial elections. <P2-S3> it was promulgated by president nelson mandela on 18th december 1996 and came into effect on 4 february 1997, replacing the interim constitution of 1993. <SEP> <P3-S0> in september 2013, west was widely rebuked by human rights groups for performing in kazakhstan at the wedding of authoritarian president nursultan nazarbayev's grandson. <P3-S1> he traveled to kazakhstan, which has one of the poorest human rights records in the world, as a personal guest of nazarbayev. <P3-S2> other notable western performers, including sting, have previously cancelled performances in the country over human rights concerns. <P3-S3> west was reportedly paid us$3 million for his performance. <P3-S4> west had previously participated in cultural boycotts, joining shakira and rage against the machine in refusing to perform in arizona after the 2010 implementation of stop and search laws directed against potential illegal aliens. <SEP> <P4-S0> In 2007, Italian President Giorgio Napolitano, has awarded the title of Knight of the Order of "Merit of the Italian Republic".
Question: When did the country that the performer of One is a citizen of, surrender in WWII?

<P0-S0> death of a citizen is a 1960 spy novel by donald hamilton, and was the first in a long-running series of books featuring the adventures of assassin matt helm. <P0-S1> the title refers to the metaphorical death of peaceful citizen and family man matt helm and the rebirth of the deadly and relentless assassin of world war ii. <SEP> <P1-S0> The Armistice of Cassibile was an armistice signed on 3 September 1943 by Walter Bedell Smith and Giuseppe Castellano, and made public on 8 September, between the Kingdom of Italy and the Allies of World War II. <P1-S1> It was signed at a conference of generals from both sides in an Allied military camp at Cassibile in Sicily, which had recently been occupied by the Allies. <P1-S2> The armistice was approved by both King Victor Emmanuel III and Italian Prime Minister Pietro Badoglio. <P1-S3> The armistice stipulated the surrender of Italy to the Allies. <SEP> <P2-S0> Tying Tiffany (also known as TT and Tiff Lion) is an electronic music singer and songwriter, born in 1978 in Padua, Italy. <P2-S1> She stated that the idea of her stage name was born from a photo book by artist Nobuyoshi Araki. <SEP> <P3-S0> jirō shiizaki (椎崎二郎,"shiizaki jirō") (30 september 1911 – 15 august 1945) was a lieutenant colonel in the imperial japanese army in world war ii. <P3-S1> he served as a member of the staff of the domestic affairs section of the military affairs bureau's war affairs section. <P3-S2> shiizaki was one of several members of that staff to participate in a "coup" (the kyūjō incident) in the early morning of august 15, 1945, the day the emperor would declare japan's surrender. <SEP> <P4-S0> One is an EP by Italian electronic musician Tying Tiffany. <P4-S1> It was released on 12 March 2013 on ZerOKilled Music and on a 10" Picture Disc vinyl on 1 August 2013 on Mecanica. <P4-S2> The EP consists of four songs, linked by "one" theme and having almost the same length each.
Question: In what year were the Roman garrisons withdrawn from Pannonia to the country that the performer of One is a citizen of?

<P0-S0> One is an EP by Italian electronic musician Tying Tiffany. <P0-S1> It was released on 12 March 2013 on ZerOKilled Music and on a 10" Picture Disc vinyl on 1 August 2013 on Mecanica. <P0-S2> The EP consists of four songs, linked by "one" theme and having almost the same length each. <SEP> <P1-S0> the kitos war (115–117; : "mered ha'galuyot" or "mered ha'tfutzot" [מרד התפוצות]; translation: rebellion of the diaspora. ) <P1-S1> was one of the major jewish–roman wars, 66–136. <P1-S2> the rebellions erupted in the year 115, when majority of the roman armies were fighting trajan's parthian war on the eastern border of the roman empire, major uprisings by ethnic judeans in cyrenaica, cyprus and egypt spiraled out of control, resulting in a widespread slaughter of left-behind roman garrisons and roman citizens by jewish rebels. <SEP> <P2-S0> Tying Tiffany (also known as TT and Tiff Lion) is an electronic music singer and songwriter, born in 1978 in Padua, Italy. <P2-S1> She stated that the idea of her stage name was born from a photo book by artist Nobuyoshi Araki. <SEP> <P3-S0> Sporadic epigraphic evidence in grave site excavations, particularly in Brigetio (Szőny), Aquincum (Óbuda), Intercisa (Dunaújváros), Triccinae (Sárvár), Savaria (Szombathely), Sopianae (Pécs), and Osijek in Croatia, attest to the presence of Jews after the 2nd and 3rd centuries where Roman garrisons were established, There was a sufficient number of Jews in Pannonia to form communities and build a synagogue. <P3-S1> Jewish troops were among the Syrian soldiers transferred there, and replenished from the Middle East, after 175 C.E. <P3-S2> Jews and especially Syrians came from Antioch, Tarsus and Cappadocia. <P3-S3> Others came from Italy and the Hellenized parts of the Roman empire. <P3-S4> The excavations suggest they first lived in isolated enclaves attached to Roman legion camps, and intermarried among other similar oriental families within the military orders of the region.Raphael Patai states that later Roman writers remarked that they differed little in either customs, manner of writing, or names from the people among whom they dwelt; and it was especially difficult to differentiate Jews from the Syrians. <P3-S5> After Pannonia was ceded to the Huns in 433, the garrison populations were withdrawn to Italy, and only a few, enigmatic traces remain of a possible Jewish presence in the area some centuries later. <SEP> <P4-S0> there is a lock - in period of 15 years and the money can be withdrawn in full after its maturity period. <P4-S1> however, pre-mature withdrawals can be made from the start of the seventh financial year. <P4-S2> the maximum amount that can be withdrawn pre-maturely is equal to 50% of the amount that stood in the account at the end of 4th year preceding the year in which the amount is withdrawn or the end of the preceding year whichever is lower.
Question: What is the classification of the country where Roberto Visentini was born?

<P0-S0> cláudio ibrahim vaz leal (born 4 april 1964 in bagé, brazil), better known as branco, is brazilian former footballer who played as a left back. <P0-S1> a member of the triumphant brazilian team in the 1994 fifa world cup, branco was a renowned free kick specialist (as was his international successor, roberto carlos) known for the habit of placing the valve of the ball in the direction that he wanted the free kick to go. <SEP> <P1-S0> The Giardino Botanico Fondazione André Heller (2 acres), also known as the Giardino Botanico A. Hruska, is a botanical garden located on the grounds of the André Heller Foundation above Lake Garda, in via Roma, Gardone Riviera, Province of Brescia, Lombardy, Italy. <P1-S1> It is open daily in the warmer months. <SEP> <P2-S0> to further highlight the difference between a problem and an instance, consider the following instance of the decision version of the traveling salesman problem: is there a route of at most 2000 kilometres passing through all of germany's 15 largest cities? <P2-S1> the quantitative answer to this particular problem instance is of little use for solving other instances of the problem, such as asking for a round trip through all sites in milan whose total length is at most 10 km. <P2-S2> for this reason, complexity theory addresses computational problems and not particular problem instances. <SEP> <P3-S0> Francovich v Italy (1991) C-6/90 was a decision of the European Court of Justice which established that European Union member states could be liable to pay compensation to individuals who suffered a loss by reason of the member state's failure to transpose an EU directive into national law. <P3-S1> This principle is sometimes known as the principle of state liability or "the rule in "Francovich"" in European Union law. <SEP> <P4-S0> Visentini was born in Gardone Riviera, in the province of Brescia, and had a brilliant junior career. <P4-S1> In 1975, he was both Junior Italian champion and World Champion. <P4-S2> As an amateur he won the 1977 time-trial Italian Championship.
Question: What is the country containing the administrative territorial entity where Vittoriale degli italiani can be found, an instance of?

<P0-S0> a foreign direct investment (fdi) is an investment in the form of a controlling ownership in a business in one country by an entity based in another country. <P0-S1> it is thus distinguished from a foreign portfolio investment by a notion of direct control. <SEP> <P1-S0> The Vittoriale degli italiani (English translation: "The shrine of Italian victories") is a hillside estate in the town of Gardone Riviera overlooking the Garda lake in province of Brescia, Lombardy. <P1-S1> It is where the Italian writer Gabriele d'Annunzio lived after his defenestration in 1922 until his death in 1938. <P1-S2> The estate consists of the residence of d'Annunzio called the Prioria (priory), an amphitheatre, the protected cruiser set into a hillside, a boathouse containing the MAS vessel used by D'Annunzio in 1918 and a circular mausoleum. <P1-S3> Its grounds are now part of the Grandi Giardini Italiani. <SEP> <P2-S0> Francovich v Italy (1991) C-6/90 was a decision of the European Court of Justice which established that European Union member states could be liable to pay compensation to individuals who suffered a loss by reason of the member state's failure to transpose an EU directive into national law. <P2-S1> This principle is sometimes known as the principle of state liability or "the rule in "Francovich"" in European Union law. <SEP> <P3-S0> The Giardino Botanico Fondazione André Heller (2 acres), also known as the Giardino Botanico A. Hruska, is a botanical garden located on the grounds of the André Heller Foundation above Lake Garda, in via Roma, Gardone Riviera, Province of Brescia, Lombardy, Italy. <P3-S1> It is open daily in the warmer months. <SEP> <P4-S0> the nastro d'argento (lit. <P4-S1> "silver ribbon") is an italian film award awarded each year since 1946 by the "sindacato nazionale giornalisti cinematografici italiani" (lit. <P4-S2> italian national syndicate of film journalists). <P4-S3> the "nastro d'argento" is said to be the oldest movie award in europe.
Question: In which country is the town sharing a border with the place where Giacomo Leone was born located?

<P0-S0> Giacomo Leone (born 10 April 1971 in Francavilla Fontana, Brindisi) is a retired male long-distance runner from Italy. <P0-S1> He set his personal best (2:07:52) in the marathon on 4 March 2001 in Otsu, Japan. <P0-S2> Leone is best known for winning the 1996 edition of the New York City Marathon. <SEP> <P1-S0> uruguay is a station on line 1 of milan metro in milan, italy. <P1-S1> the underground station was opened in 1980 and is located between via benedetto croce and via giacomo quarenghi, near via uruguay it's an underground station, placed within the urban fare limit. <SEP> <P2-S0> Taranto-Grottaglie "Marcello Arlotta" Airport () is an airport serving Taranto and Grottaglie, both "comunes" in the province of Taranto in Italy. <P2-S1> The airport is located from the city of Monteiasi, from Grottaglie and from Taranto. <P2-S2> It is named for Marcello Arlotta (1886-1918), an Italian aviator. <SEP> <P3-S0> hansapur is a village development committee in pyuthan, a "middle hills" district of rapti zone, western nepal. <P3-S1> the village lies to the north east of the district sharing its border mainly to aargakhanchi. <P3-S2> the area is mostly inhabited by bhramins and other castes too. <P3-S3> the village or vdc is prominently a developing area in the district with proper facilities of electricity and communication. <P3-S4> the place is well established for ginger (aduwa) and bee honey (maha; local). <SEP> <P4-S0> Ciro Annunchiarico (in Italian: Ciro Annicchiarico) (also known as: Papa Ciro) (16 December 1775 in Grottaglie – 8 February 1817 in Francavilla Fontana) was an Italian cult leader.
Question: What is the country the Allies went to after leaving the region under which WINEP bundles the countries of northwest Africa an instance of?

<P0-S0> malawi (, or ; or [maláwi]), officially the republic of malawi, is a landlocked country in southeast africa that was formerly known as nyasaland. <P0-S1> it is bordered by zambia to the northwest, tanzania to the northeast, and mozambique on the east, south and west. <P0-S2> malawi spans over and has an estimated population of (as of july ). <P0-S3> lake malawi takes up about a third of malawi's area. <P0-S4> its capital is lilongwe, which is also malawi's largest city; the second largest is blantyre, the third largest is mzuzu and the fourth largest is its old capital zomba. <P0-S5> the name malawi comes from the maravi, an old name of the nyanja people that inhabit the area. <P0-S6> the country is also nicknamed ""the warm heart of africa"" because of the friendliness of the people. <SEP> <P1-S0> libya (; ; ), officially the state of libya, is a country in the maghreb region in north africa, bordered by the mediterranean sea to the north, egypt to the east, sudan to the southeast, chad to the south, niger to the southwest, algeria to the west, and tunisia to the northwest. <P1-S1> the sovereign state is made of three historical regions: tripolitania, fezzan and cyrenaica. <P1-S2> with an area of almost , libya is the fourth largest country in africa, and is the 16th largest country in the world. <P1-S3> libya has the 10th-largest proven oil reserves of any country in the world. <P1-S4> the largest city and capital, tripoli, is located in western libya and contains over one million of libya's six million people. <P1-S5> the second-largest city is benghazi, which is located in eastern libya. <SEP> <P2-S0> Francovich v Italy (1991) C-6/90 was a decision of the European Court of Justice which established that European Union member states could be liable to pay compensation to individuals who suffered a loss by reason of the member state's failure to transpose an EU directive into national law. <P2-S1> This principle is sometimes known as the principle of state liability or "the rule in "Francovich"" in European Union law. <SEP> <P3-S0> Information gleaned via British Ultra code - breaking intelligence proved critical to Allied success in North Africa. <P3-S1> Victory for the Allies in this campaign immediately led to the Italian Campaign, which culminated in the downfall of the fascist government in Italy and the elimination of Germany's main European ally. <SEP> <P4-S0> The Washington Institute for Near East Policy (WINEP) is a non-profit organization for research and advice on Middle Eastern policy. <P4-S1> It regards its target countries as the Middle East but adopts the convention of calling them the Near East to be in conformance with the practices of the State Department. <P4-S2> Its views are independent. <P4-S3> The WINEP bundles the countries of Northwest Africa together under "North Africa." <P4-S4> Details can be found in Policy Focus #65.
Question: Who conspired to cause a revolution in the country where the allies went after the campaign in the region used by WINEP to bundle the countries of Northwest Africa?

<P0-S0> one of its earliest massive implementations was brought about by egyptians against the british occupation in the 1919 revolution. <P0-S1> civil disobedience is one of the many ways people have rebelled against what they deem to be unfair laws. <P0-S2> it has been used in many nonviolent resistance movements in india (gandhi's campaigns for independence from the british empire), in czechoslovakia's velvet revolution and in east germany to oust their communist governments, in south africa in the fight against apartheid, in the american civil rights movement, in the singing revolution to bring independence to the baltic countries from the soviet union, recently with the 2003 rose revolution in georgia and the 2004 orange revolution in ukraine, among other various movements worldwide. <SEP> <P1-S0> Information gleaned via British Ultra code - breaking intelligence proved critical to Allied success in North Africa. <P1-S1> Victory for the Allies in this campaign immediately led to the Italian Campaign, which culminated in the downfall of the fascist government in Italy and the elimination of Germany's main European ally. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Washington Institute for Near East Policy (WINEP) is a non-profit organization for research and advice on Middle Eastern policy. <P2-S1> It regards its target countries as the Middle East but adopts the convention of calling them the Near East to be in conformance with the practices of the State Department. <P2-S2> Its views are independent. <P2-S3> The WINEP bundles the countries of Northwest Africa together under "North Africa." <P2-S4> Details can be found in Policy Focus #65. <SEP> <P3-S0> libya (; ; ), officially the state of libya, is a country in the maghreb region in north africa, bordered by the mediterranean sea to the north, egypt to the east, sudan to the southeast, chad to the south, niger to the southwest, algeria to the west, and tunisia to the northwest. <P3-S1> the sovereign state is made of three historical regions: tripolitania, fezzan and cyrenaica. <P3-S2> with an area of almost , libya is the fourth largest country in africa, and is the 16th largest country in the world. <P3-S3> libya has the 10th-largest proven oil reserves of any country in the world. <P3-S4> the largest city and capital, tripoli, is located in western libya and contains over one million of libya's six million people. <P3-S5> the second-largest city is benghazi, which is located in eastern libya. <SEP> <P4-S0> Giuseppe Mazzini (Italian pronunciation: (dʒuˈzɛppe matˈtsiːni); 22 June 1805 -- 10 March 1872) was an Italian politician, journalist and activist for the unification of Italy and spearheaded the Italian revolutionary movement. <P4-S1> His efforts helped bring about the independent and unified Italy in place of the several separate states, many dominated by foreign powers, that existed until the 19th century. <P4-S2> He also helped define the modern European movement for popular democracy in a republican state.
Question: When did the country the Allies went to after the region under which WINEP bundles the countries of northwest Africa surrender to the Allies in WWII?

<P0-S0> The Washington Institute for Near East Policy (WINEP) is a non-profit organization for research and advice on Middle Eastern policy. <P0-S1> It regards its target countries as the Middle East but adopts the convention of calling them the Near East to be in conformance with the practices of the State Department. <P0-S2> Its views are independent. <P0-S3> The WINEP bundles the countries of Northwest Africa together under "North Africa." <P0-S4> Details can be found in Policy Focus #65. <SEP> <P1-S0> the participation of italy in the second world war was characterized by a complex framework of ideology, politics, and diplomacy, while its military actions were often heavily influenced by external factors. <P1-S1> the imperial ambitions of the fascist regime, which aspired to restore the roman empire in north africa and the mediterranean (the mare nostrum, or the italian empire), were partially met with the annexation of albania and the province of ljubljana, and the occupation of british somaliland and other territories, but ultimately collapsed after defeats in the east and north african campaigns. <P1-S2> in july 1943, following the allied invasion of sicily, benito mussolini was arrested by order of king victor emmanuel iii, provoking a civil war. <P1-S3> italy surrendered to the allies at the end of the italian campaign. <P1-S4> the northern half of the country was occupied by germans with the fascists help and made a collaborationist puppet state (with more than 600,000 soldiers), while the south was governed by monarchist and liberal forces, which fought for the allied cause as the italian co-belligerent army (at its height numbering more than 50,000 men), helped by circa 350,000 partisans of disparate political ideologies that operated all over italy. <SEP> <P2-S0> the end of world war ii in asia occurred on 14 and 15 august 1945, when armed forces of the empire of japan surrendered to the forces of the allies. <P2-S1> the surrender came over three months after the surrender of the axis forces in europe and brought an end to world war ii. <SEP> <P3-S0> The Armistice of Cassibile was an armistice signed on 3 September 1943 by Walter Bedell Smith and Giuseppe Castellano, and made public on 8 September, between the Kingdom of Italy and the Allies of World War II. <P3-S1> It was signed at a conference of generals from both sides in an Allied military camp at Cassibile in Sicily, which had recently been occupied by the Allies. <P3-S2> The armistice was approved by both King Victor Emmanuel III and Italian Prime Minister Pietro Badoglio. <P3-S3> The armistice stipulated the surrender of Italy to the Allies. <SEP> <P4-S0> Information gleaned via British Ultra code - breaking intelligence proved critical to Allied success in North Africa. <P4-S1> Victory for the Allies in this campaign immediately led to the Italian Campaign, which culminated in the downfall of the fascist government in Italy and the elimination of Germany's main European ally.