Question: The country that seized Libya in 1911 from the main subject of the Ottoman era in the history of Lom's country is an instance of what?

<P0-S0> Francovich v Italy (1991) C-6/90 was a decision of the European Court of Justice which established that European Union member states could be liable to pay compensation to individuals who suffered a loss by reason of the member state's failure to transpose an EU directive into national law. <P0-S1> This principle is sometimes known as the principle of state liability or "the rule in "Francovich"" in European Union law. <SEP> <P1-S0> from childhood, gaddafi was aware of the involvement of european colonialists in libya; his nation was occupied by italy, and during the north african campaign of world war ii it witnessed conflict between italian and british troops. <P1-S1> according to later claims, gaddafi's paternal grandfather, abdessalam bouminyar, was killed by the italian army during the italian invasion of 1911. at world war ii's end in 1945, libya was occupied by british and french forces. <P1-S2> although britain and france intended on dividing the nation between their empires, the general assembly of the united nations (un) declared that the country be granted political independence. <P1-S3> in 1951, the un created the united kingdom of libya, a federal state under the leadership of a pro-western monarch, idris, who banned political parties and established an absolute monarchy. <SEP> <P2-S0> As a result of this conflict, the Ottoman Turks ceded the provinces of Tripolitania, Fezzan, and Cyrenaica to Italy. <P2-S1> These provinces together formed what became known as Libya. <SEP> <P3-S0> libya (; ; ), officially the state of libya, is a country in the maghreb region in north africa, bordered by the mediterranean sea to the north, egypt to the east, sudan to the southeast, chad to the south, niger to the southwest, algeria to the west, and tunisia to the northwest. <P3-S1> the sovereign state is made of three historical regions: tripolitania, fezzan and cyrenaica. <P3-S2> with an area of almost , libya is the fourth largest country in africa, and is the 16th largest country in the world. <P3-S3> libya has the 10th-largest proven oil reserves of any country in the world. <P3-S4> the largest city and capital, tripoli, is located in western libya and contains over one million of libya's six million people. <P3-S5> the second-largest city is benghazi, which is located in eastern libya. <SEP> <P4-S0> The history of Ottoman Bulgaria spans nearly 500 years, from the conquest by the Ottoman Empire of the smaller kingdoms emerging from the disintegrating Second Bulgarian Empire in the late 14th century, to the Liberation of Bulgaria in 1878. <P4-S1> As a result of the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878), the Principality of Bulgaria, a self-governing Ottoman vassal state that was functionally independent, was created. <P4-S2> In 1885 the autonomous province of Eastern Rumelia came under the control of the Bulgarian Tsar. <P4-S3> Bulgaria declared independence in 1908. <SEP> <P5-S0> The Lom (, ) is a river in northwestern Bulgaria, a right tributary of the Danube flowing into it 1 km east of the town of Lom.