winkelee/scaling-down huggingface dataset:
Question: When did the Industrial Revolution end in the country the duke of York came back to?

<P0-S0> The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840. <P0-S1> This transition included going from hand production methods to machines, new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes, the increasing use of steam power, the development of machine tools and the rise of the factory system. <SEP> <P1-S0> Ice skating was brought to Britain from the Netherlands, where James II was briefly exiled in the 17th century. <P1-S1> When he returned to England, this 'new' sport was introduced to the British aristocracy, and was soon enjoyed by people from all walks of life. <SEP> <P2-S0> In 1664, Peter Stuyvesant, the Director-General of the colony of New Netherland, surrendered New Amsterdam to the English without bloodshed. <P2-S1> The English promptly renamed the fledgling city "New York" after the Duke of York (later King James II). <SEP> <P3-S0> in 1516, william iv, duke of bavaria, adopted the reinheitsgebot (purity law), perhaps the oldest food-quality regulation still in use in the 21st century, according to which the only allowed ingredients of beer are water, hops and barley-malt. <P3-S1> beer produced before the industrial revolution continued to be made and sold on a domestic scale, although by the 7th century ad, beer was also being produced and sold by european monasteries. <P3-S2> during the industrial revolution, the production of beer moved from artisanal manufacture to industrial manufacture, and domestic manufacture ceased to be significant by the end of the 19th century. <P3-S3> the development of hydrometers and thermometers changed brewing by allowing the brewer more control of the process and greater knowledge of the results. <SEP> <P4-S0> early modern europe is the period of european history between the end of the middle ages and the beginning of the industrial revolution, roughly the late 15th century to the late 18th century. <P4-S1> historians variously mark the beginning of the early modern period with the invention of moveable type printing in the 1450s, the fall of constantinople in 1453, the end of the wars of the roses in 1487, the beginning of the high renaissance in italy in the 1490s, the end of the reconquista and subsequent voyages of christopher columbus to the americas in 1492, or the start of the protestant reformation in 1517. the precise dates of its end point also vary and are usually linked with either the start of the french revolution in 1789 or with the more vaguely defined beginning of the industrial revolution in late 18th century england.
Question: When was the first railway built in the country that the Duke of York came back to?

<P0-S0> In 1664, Peter Stuyvesant, the Director-General of the colony of New Netherland, surrendered New Amsterdam to the English without bloodshed. <P0-S1> The English promptly renamed the fledgling city "New York" after the Duke of York (later King James II). <SEP> <P1-S0> india's first railway proposals were made in madras in 1832. the red hill railway, the country's first train, ran from red hills to chintadripet bridge in madras in 1837. it was hauled by a rotary steam - engine locomotive manufactured by william avery. <P1-S1> built by arthur cotton, the railway was primarily used to transport granite stone for road - building work in madras. <P1-S2> in 1845, the godavari dam construction railway was built at dowleswaram in rajahmundry. <P1-S3> also built by cotton, it supplied stone for the construction of a dam over the godavari river. <SEP> <P2-S0> quarry is an abandoned railway community that was located in the gaff topsails area of the province of newfoundland, canada. <P2-S1> the community lies just north of buchans and takes its name from the quarry established in the 1890s when the newfoundland railway was being built. <SEP> <P3-S0> The railway system of Great Britain, the principal territory of the United Kingdom, is the oldest in the world. <P3-S1> It was started with the building of local isolated wooden wagonways starting in 1560s. <P3-S2> The system was later built as a patchwork of local rail links operated by small private railway companies in late 18th century. <P3-S3> These isolated links developed during the railway boom of the 1840s into a national network, although still run by dozens of competing companies. <P3-S4> Over the course of the 19th and early 20th centuries, these amalgamated or were bought by competitors until only a handful of larger companies remained (see railway mania). <P3-S5> The entire network was brought under government control during the First World War and a number of advantages of amalgamation and planning were revealed. <P3-S6> However, the government resisted calls for the nationalisation of the network. <P3-S7> In 1923, almost all the remaining companies were grouped into the ``big four '', the Great Western Railway, the London and North Eastern Railway, the London, Midland and Scottish Railway and the Southern Railway. <P3-S8> The`` Big Four'' were joint - stock public companies and they continued to run the railway system until 31 December 1947. <SEP> <P4-S0> Ice skating was brought to Britain from the Netherlands, where James II was briefly exiled in the 17th century. <P4-S1> When he returned to England, this 'new' sport was introduced to the British aristocracy, and was soon enjoyed by people from all walks of life.
Question: When is the modern period dated in the country the Duke of York came back to?

<P0-S0> Ice skating was brought to Britain from the Netherlands, where James II was briefly exiled in the 17th century. <P0-S1> When he returned to England, this 'new' sport was introduced to the British aristocracy, and was soon enjoyed by people from all walks of life. <SEP> <P1-S0> In 1664, Peter Stuyvesant, the Director-General of the colony of New Netherland, surrendered New Amsterdam to the English without bloodshed. <P1-S1> The English promptly renamed the fledgling city "New York" after the Duke of York (later King James II). <SEP> <P2-S0> chad everett dukes (born december 29, 1971 in albany, new york) is a former american football running back in the national football league for the washington redskins (1998–2000), san diego chargers (1998), st. louis rams (2000) and the jacksonville jaguars (2000) and played four games total in his nfl career (two for jaguars, two for skins). <P2-S1> he played college football at the university of pittsburgh. <P2-S2> dukes played on the albany firebirds (1998–1999) before his nfl career, the colorado crush (2004), the manchester wolves (2002–2003) and the philadelphia soul after his nfl career in the arena football league. <P2-S3> dukes won afl ironman of the year in 1998 when he was with the firebirds. <P2-S4> in 2004, he was a part of the 2004 crush arenabowl xix championship team. <P2-S5> in 2002, dukes was named the defensive af2 tough man of the year while playing for the manchester wolves in 2002. <SEP> <P3-S0> Many major events caused Europe to change around the start of the 16th century, starting with the Fall of Constantinople in 1453, the fall of Muslim Spain and the discovery of the Americas in 1492, and Martin Luther's Protestant Reformation in 1517. <P3-S1> In England the modern period is often dated to the start of the Tudor period with the victory of Henry VII over Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth in 1485. <P3-S2> Early modern European history is usually seen to span from the start of the 15th century, through the Age of Reason and the Age of Enlightenment in the 17th and 18th centuries, until the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in the late 18th century. <SEP> <P4-S0> roman is a male first name. <P4-S1> it has distant origins dating back to the roman empire and the latin language. <P4-S2> it comes from the latin word ``romanus '', which means`` of rome''. <P4-S3> in this initial sense, the title ``roman ''means`` a citizen of the roman empire'', a man of roman (or byzantine) culture, latin or greek. <P4-S4> the name day festival for roman may take place on different days depending on the country.
Question: When did the US and country the Duke of York come back to become allies?

<P0-S0> Ice skating was brought to Britain from the Netherlands, where James II was briefly exiled in the 17th century. <P0-S1> When he returned to England, this 'new' sport was introduced to the British aristocracy, and was soon enjoyed by people from all walks of life. <SEP> <P1-S0> on the outbreak of the second world war in september 1939, the duke and duchess were brought back to britain by louis mountbatten on board hms kelly, and edward, although an honorary field marshal, was made a major - general attached to the british military mission in france. <P1-S1> in february 1940, the german ambassador in the hague, count julius von zech - burkersroda, claimed that the duke had leaked the allied war plans for the defence of belgium, which the duke later denied. <P1-S2> when germany invaded the north of france in may 1940, the windsors fled south, first to biarritz, then in june to spain. <P1-S3> in july the pair moved to portugal, where they lived at first in the home of ricardo espírito santo, a portuguese banker with both british and german contacts. <P1-S4> under the code name operation willi, nazi agents, principally walter schellenberg, plotted unsuccessfully to persuade the duke to leave portugal and return to spain, kidnapping him if necessary. <P1-S5> lord caldecote wrote a warning to winston churchill: ``(the duke) is well - known to be pro-nazi and he may become a centre of intrigue. <P1-S6> ''churchill threatened the duke with a court - martial if he did not return to british soil. <SEP> <P2-S0> In 1664, Peter Stuyvesant, the Director-General of the colony of New Netherland, surrendered New Amsterdam to the English without bloodshed. <P2-S1> The English promptly renamed the fledgling city "New York" after the Duke of York (later King James II). <SEP> <P3-S0> British -- American relations, also referred to as Anglo - American relations, encompass many complex relations ranging from two early wars to competition for world markets. <P3-S1> Since 1940 they have been close military allies enjoying the Special Relationship built as wartime allies, and NATO partners. <SEP> <P4-S0> the next day, higgins finds eliza gone and searches for her, eventually finding her at his mother's house. <P4-S1> higgins attempts to talk eliza into coming back to him. <P4-S2> he becomes angered when eliza announces that she is going to marry freddy and become karpathy's assistant. <P4-S3> he makes his way home, stubbornly predicting that she will come crawling back. <P4-S4> however, he comes to the realization that he has ``grown accustomed to her face. <P4-S5> ''henry returns to his study to lament his loneliness. <P4-S6> as he listens to eliza's recorded voice, she reappears in the doorway behind him, turning off the recording and saying in her old cockney accent,`` i washed my hands and face before i come i did.'' <P4-S7> higgins looks surprised then pleased before asking for his slippers once more as eliza smiles on behind him, leaving the audience to decide what happens next.
Question: When did the country where the Duke of York returned to go to war with Spain?

<P0-S0> on the outbreak of the second world war in september 1939, the duke and duchess were brought back to britain by louis mountbatten on board hms kelly, and edward, although an honorary field marshal, was made a major - general attached to the british military mission in france. <P0-S1> in february 1940, the german ambassador in the hague, count julius von zech - burkersroda, claimed that the duke had leaked the allied war plans for the defence of belgium, which the duke later denied. <P0-S2> when germany invaded the north of france in may 1940, the windsors fled south, first to biarritz, then in june to spain. <P0-S3> in july the pair moved to portugal, where they lived at first in the home of ricardo espírito santo, a portuguese banker with both british and german contacts. <P0-S4> under the code name operation willi, nazi agents, principally walter schellenberg, plotted unsuccessfully to persuade the duke to leave portugal and return to spain, kidnapping him if necessary. <P0-S5> lord caldecote wrote a warning to winston churchill: ``(the duke) is well - known to be pro-nazi and he may become a centre of intrigue. <P0-S6> ''churchill threatened the duke with a court - martial if he did not return to british soil. <SEP> <P1-S0> The Anglo - Spanish War (1585 -- 1604) was an intermittent conflict between the kingdoms of Spain and England that was never formally declared. <P1-S1> The war was punctuated by widely separated battles, and began with England's military expedition in 1585 to the Netherlands under the command of the Earl of Leicester in support of the resistance of the States General to Spanish Habsburg rule. <SEP> <P2-S0> In 1664, Peter Stuyvesant, the Director-General of the colony of New Netherland, surrendered New Amsterdam to the English without bloodshed. <P2-S1> The English promptly renamed the fledgling city "New York" after the Duke of York (later King James II). <SEP> <P3-S0> Ice skating was brought to Britain from the Netherlands, where James II was briefly exiled in the 17th century. <P3-S1> When he returned to England, this 'new' sport was introduced to the British aristocracy, and was soon enjoyed by people from all walks of life. <SEP> <P4-S0> new amsterdam was renamed new york on september 8, 1664, in honor of the duke of york (later james ii of england), in whose name the english had captured it. <P4-S1> after the second anglo - dutch war of 1665 -- 1667, england and the united provinces of the netherlands agreed to the status quo in the treaty of breda. <P4-S2> the english kept the island of manhattan, the dutch giving up their claim to the town and the rest of the colony, while the english formally abandoned surinam in south america, and the island of run in the east indies to the dutch, confirming their control of the valuable spice islands. <P4-S3> today much of what was once new amsterdam is new york city.
Question: When did the first McDonald's open in the country where the Duke of York became king?

<P0-S0> on the outbreak of the second world war in september 1939, the duke and duchess were brought back to britain by louis mountbatten on board hms kelly, and edward, although an honorary field marshal, was made a major - general attached to the british military mission in france. <P0-S1> in february 1940, the german ambassador in the hague, count julius von zech - burkersroda, claimed that the duke had leaked the allied war plans for the defence of belgium, which the duke later denied. <P0-S2> when germany invaded the north of france in may 1940, the windsors fled south, first to biarritz, then in june to spain. <P0-S3> in july the pair moved to portugal, where they lived at first in the home of ricardo espírito santo, a portuguese banker with both british and german contacts. <P0-S4> under the code name operation willi, nazi agents, principally walter schellenberg, plotted unsuccessfully to persuade the duke to leave portugal and return to spain, kidnapping him if necessary. <P0-S5> lord caldecote wrote a warning to winston churchill: ``(the duke) is well - known to be pro-nazi and he may become a centre of intrigue. <P0-S6> ''churchill threatened the duke with a court - martial if he did not return to british soil. <SEP> <P1-S0> Ice skating was brought to Britain from the Netherlands, where James II was briefly exiled in the 17th century. <P1-S1> When he returned to England, this 'new' sport was introduced to the British aristocracy, and was soon enjoyed by people from all walks of life. <SEP> <P2-S0> 1974: On November 13, the first McDonald's in the United Kingdom opens in Woolwich, southeast London. <P2-S1> It is the company's 3000th restaurant. <SEP> <P3-S0> In 1664, Peter Stuyvesant, the Director-General of the colony of New Netherland, surrendered New Amsterdam to the English without bloodshed. <P3-S1> The English promptly renamed the fledgling city "New York" after the Duke of York (later King James II). <SEP> <P4-S0> lancelot crashes a performance of the camelot musical, starring hugh jackman and alice eve as king arthur and queen guinevere, but larry and the others chase him to the theatre roof, where the new york exhibits begin to die. <P4-S1> lancelot then sees that the quest was about them and gives the tablet back. <P4-S2> the moonlight restores the tablet's power, saving the exhibits. <P4-S3> they decide that ahkmenrah and the tablet should stay with his parents, even if it means the new york exhibits will no longer come to life. <P4-S4> back in new york, larry spends some final moments with his friends before sunrise.
Question: When did the country the Duke of York returned to change to a constitutional monarchy?

<P0-S0> In the Kingdom of England, the Glorious Revolution of 1688 led to a constitutional monarchy restricted by laws such as the Bill of Rights 1689 and the Act of Settlement 1701, although limits on the power of the monarch ('a limited monarchy') are much older than that (see Magna Carta). <P0-S1> At the same time, in Scotland the Convention of Estates enacted the Claim of Right Act 1689, which placed similar limits on the Scottish monarchy. <SEP> <P1-S0> Ice skating was brought to Britain from the Netherlands, where James II was briefly exiled in the 17th century. <P1-S1> When he returned to England, this 'new' sport was introduced to the British aristocracy, and was soon enjoyed by people from all walks of life. <SEP> <P2-S0> in 1836, "le siècle" was founded as a paper that supported constitutional monarchism. <P2-S1> however, when the july monarchy came to an end in 1848, the paper soon changed its editorial stance to one of republicanism. <P2-S2> "le siècle" opposed the rise of napoleon iii. <P2-S3> the paper's relevance waned during the third french republic to the point where it was forced to cease publication in 1932 due to a lack of readers. <SEP> <P3-S0> In 1664, Peter Stuyvesant, the Director-General of the colony of New Netherland, surrendered New Amsterdam to the English without bloodshed. <P3-S1> The English promptly renamed the fledgling city "New York" after the Duke of York (later King James II). <SEP> <P4-S0> carlos hugo, duke of parma and piacenza (8 april 1930 – 18 august 2010) was the head of the house of bourbon-parma from 1977 until his death. <P4-S1> carlos hugo was the carlist pretender to the throne of spain and sought to change the political direction of the carlist movement through the carlist party, of which he was the official head during the fatal montejurra incident. <P4-S2> his marriage to princess irene of the netherlands in 1964 caused a constitutional crisis in the netherlands.
Question: When was the first hospital built in the country the person with the regnal name of the Duke of York returned to?

<P0-S0> In 1664, Peter Stuyvesant, the Director-General of the colony of New Netherland, surrendered New Amsterdam to the English without bloodshed. <P0-S1> The English promptly renamed the fledgling city "New York" after the Duke of York (later King James II). <SEP> <P1-S0> the palace of placentia was an english royal palace built by humphrey, duke of gloucester, in 1443, in greenwich, on the banks of the river thames, downstream from london. <P1-S1> it was demolished by charles ii in 1660, to make way for a new palace. <P1-S2> nearly 40 years later, the greenwich hospital (now the old royal naval college) was built on the spot instead. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Normans brought their hospital system along when they conquered England in 1066. <P2-S1> By merging with traditional land - tenure and customs, the new charitable houses became popular and were distinct from both English monasteries and French hospitals. <P2-S2> They dispensed alms and some medicine, and were generously endowed by the nobility and gentry who counted on them for spiritual rewards after death. <SEP> <P3-S0> canora is a residential neighbourhood in west edmonton, alberta, canada. <P3-S1> canora's name comes from the first two letters of the words "canadian northern railway", the winning entry in a 1948 contest to name a new school being built near an abandoned right of way of the former canadian northern railway. <P3-S2> (the village of canora, saskatchewan, was named in the same way in 1905, when the railway company still existed.) <SEP> <P4-S0> Ice skating was brought to Britain from the Netherlands, where James II was briefly exiled in the 17th century. <P4-S1> When he returned to England, this 'new' sport was introduced to the British aristocracy, and was soon enjoyed by people from all walks of life.
Question: When did pubs open all day in the country to which the king having the regnal name of the Duke of York came back?

<P0-S0> pubs often have traditional names. <P0-S1> a common name is the "marquis of granby". <P0-S2> these pubs were named after john manners, marquess of granby, who was the son of john manners, 3rd duke of rutland and a general in the 18th century british army. <P0-S3> he showed a great concern for the welfare of his men, and on their retirement, provided funds for many of them to establish taverns, which were subsequently named after him. <P0-S4> all pubs granted their licence in 1780 were called the royal george[citation needed], after king george iii, and the twentieth anniversary of his coronation. <SEP> <P1-S0> Ice skating was brought to Britain from the Netherlands, where James II was briefly exiled in the 17th century. <P1-S1> When he returned to England, this 'new' sport was introduced to the British aristocracy, and was soon enjoyed by people from all walks of life. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Licensing Act 1988 is a statute, applying to England and Wales, which among other things, extended permissible opening hours for public houses to 11am to 11pm. <P2-S1> Previously pubs were not generally allowed to open from 3: 00pm to 6: 30pm in the afternoon. <SEP> <P3-S0> In 1664, Peter Stuyvesant, the Director-General of the colony of New Netherland, surrendered New Amsterdam to the English without bloodshed. <P3-S1> The English promptly renamed the fledgling city "New York" after the Duke of York (later King James II). <SEP> <P4-S0> the museum operates from two sites within london. <P4-S1> the main site in covent garden uses the name of its parent institution, sometimes suffixed by "covent garden", and is open to the public every day, having reopened in 2007 after a two-year refurbishment. <P4-S2> the other site, located in acton, is known as the london transport museum depot and is principally a storage site that is open on regular visitor days throughout the year.
Question: What early Huguenot Church was established in the country of citizenship of the screenwriter for Battle of the Damned?

<P0-S0> The French Protestant Church of London was established by Royal Charter in 1550. <P0-S1> It is now located at Soho Square. <P0-S2> Huguenot refugees flocked to Shoreditch, London. <P0-S3> They established a major weaving industry in and around Spitalfields (see Petticoat Lane and the Tenterground) in East London. <P0-S4> In Wandsworth, their gardening skills benefited the Battersea market gardens. <P0-S5> The Old Truman Brewery, then known as the Black Eagle Brewery, was founded in 1724. <P0-S6> The flight of Huguenot refugees from Tours, France drew off most of the workers of its great silk mills which they had built. <P0-S7> [citation needed] Some of these immigrants moved to Norwich, which had accommodated an earlier settlement of Walloon weavers. <P0-S8> The French added to the existing immigrant population, then comprising about a third of the population of the city. <SEP> <P1-S0> Sir Christopher Hatton KG (1540 – 20 November 1591) was an English politician, Lord Chancellor of England and a favourite of Elizabeth I of England. <SEP> <P2-S0> huguenot immigrants did not disperse or settle in different parts of the country, but rather, formed three societies or congregations; one in the city of new york, another 21 miles north of new york in a town which they named new rochelle, and a third further upstate in new paltz. <P2-S1> the "huguenot street historic district" in new paltz has been designated a national historic landmark site and contains the oldest street in the united states of america. <P2-S2> a small group of huguenots also settled on the south shore of staten island along the new york harbor, for which the current neighborhood of huguenot was named. <SEP> <P3-S0> Battle of the Damned is a 2013 American science fiction film written, produced and directed by Christopher Hatton. <P3-S1> The film stars Dolph Lundgren, Melanie Zanetti, Matt Doran and David Field. <P3-S2> Following a deadly viral outbreak, private soldier Max Gatling (Lundgren) leads a handful of survivors and a team of robots in a fight against an army of the dead. <SEP> <P4-S0> stadtholder william iii of orange, who later became king of england, emerged as the strongest opponent of king louis xiv after the french attacked the dutch republic in 1672. william formed the league of augsburg as a coalition to oppose louis and the french state. <P4-S1> consequently, many huguenots considered the wealthy and calvinist dutch republic, which led the opposition to louis xiv, as the most attractive country for exile after the revocation of the edict of nantes. <P4-S2> they also found many french-speaking calvinist churches there.
Question: Until the 18th century, on what day was the Annunciation traditionally celebrated in the country where the screenwriter of Battle of the Damned holds citizenship?

<P0-S0> Sir Christopher Hatton KG (1540 – 20 November 1591) was an English politician, Lord Chancellor of England and a favourite of Elizabeth I of England. <SEP> <P1-S0> Mary's special position within God's purpose of salvation as "God-bearer" (Theotokos) is recognised in a number of ways by some Anglican Christians. <P1-S1> All the member churches of the Anglican Communion affirm in the historic creeds that Jesus was born of the Virgin Mary, and celebrates the feast days of the Presentation of Christ in the Temple. <P1-S2> This feast is called in older prayer books the Purification of the Blessed Virgin Mary on February 2. <P1-S3> The Annunciation of our Lord to the Blessed Virgin on March 25 was from before the time of Bede until the 18th century New Year's Day in England. <P1-S4> The Annunciation is called the "Annunciation of our Lady" in the 1662 Book of Common Prayer. <P1-S5> Anglicans also celebrate in the Visitation of the Blessed Virgin on 31 May, though in some provinces the traditional date of July 2 is kept. <P1-S6> The feast of the St. Mary the Virgin is observed on the traditional day of the Assumption, August 15. <P1-S7> The Nativity of the Blessed Virgin is kept on September 8. <SEP> <P2-S0> the mexican victory is celebrated yearly on the fifth of may. <P2-S1> its celebration is regional in mexico, primarily in the state of puebla, where the holiday is celebrated as el día de la batalla de puebla (english: the day of the battle of puebla). <P2-S2> there is some limited recognition of the holiday in other parts of the country. <P2-S3> in the united states, this holiday has evolved into the very popular cinco de mayo holiday, a celebration of mexican heritage. <SEP> <P3-S0> the third battle of panipat took place on 14 january 1761 at panipat, about 60 miles (97 km) north of delhi, between a northern expeditionary force of the maratha empire and invading forces of the king of afghanistan, ahmad shah abdali, supported by two indian allies -- the rohilla afghans of the doab, and shuja - ud - daula, the nawab of awadh. <P3-S1> militarily, the battle pitted the artillery and cavalry of the marathas against the heavy cavalry and mounted artillery (zamburak and jezail) of the afghans and rohillas led by abdali and najib - ud - daulah, both ethnic afghans. <P3-S2> the battle is considered one of the largest and most eventful fought in the 18th century, and has perhaps the largest number of fatalities in a single day reported in a classic formation battle between two armies. <SEP> <P4-S0> Battle of the Damned is a 2013 American science fiction film written, produced and directed by Christopher Hatton. <P4-S1> The film stars Dolph Lundgren, Melanie Zanetti, Matt Doran and David Field. <P4-S2> Following a deadly viral outbreak, private soldier Max Gatling (Lundgren) leads a handful of survivors and a team of robots in a fight against an army of the dead.
Question: When did the name Black Death officially take root in the country where the author of Birthday Letters holds citizenship?

<P0-S0> infaith has its roots in the first day society (founded 1790). <P0-S1> infaith officially formed in 1817 as the “sunday and adult school union.” in 1824, the organization changed its name to “american sunday school union” (assu). <P0-S2> then, in 1974, the assu changed its name to “american missionary fellowship.” it became "infaith" on september 1, 2011. <SEP> <P1-S0> St Botolph's Review was the student-made poetry journal from Cambridge University, England in 1956, which saw the first publication of Ted Hughes' poetry, at the launch of which Hughes met Sylvia Plath. <P1-S1> The first issue appeared on 26 February 1956. <SEP> <P2-S0> Gasquet (1908) claimed that the Latin name atra mors (Black Death) for the 14th-century epidemic first appeared in modern times in 1631 in a book on Danish history by J.I. <P2-S1> Pontanus: "Vulgo & ab effectu atram mortem vocatibant. <P2-S2> ("Commonly and from its effects, they called it the black death"). <P2-S3> The name spread through Scandinavia and then Germany, gradually becoming attached to the mid 14th-century epidemic as a proper name. <P2-S4> In England, it was not until 1823 that the medieval epidemic was first called the Black Death. <SEP> <P3-S0> the story, illustrated by the author, is set in england during the middle ages, as the black death (bubonic plague) is sweeping across the country. <P3-S1> young robin is sent away to become a knight like his father, but his dreams are endangered when he loses the use of his legs. <P3-S2> a doctor reassures robin that the weakness in his legs is not caused by the plague and the doctor is supposed to come and help him but does not. <P3-S3> his parents are away, serving the king and queen during war, and the servants abandon the house, fearing the plague. <P3-S4> robin is saved by brother luke, a friar, who finds him and takes him to a monastery and cares for him. <SEP> <P4-S0> Birthday Letters, published in 1998, is a collection of poetry by English poet and children's writer Ted Hughes. <P4-S1> Released only months before Hughes's death, the collection won multiple prestigious literary awards. <P4-S2> This collection of eighty-eight poems is widely considered to be Hughes's most explicit response to the suicide of his estranged wife Sylvia Plath in 1963, and to their widely discussed, politicized and "explosive" marriage.
Question: When did the name Black Death officially take root in the country where the author of Remains of Elmet is from?

<P0-S0> today kruger is commemorated through the restored house of his birth near bulhoek, his official residence in pretoria (which is now the kruger museum), the simple cottage at waterval onder (mpumalanga) where he lived before going into exile in europe, the world-famous kruger national park and the name of the town krugersdorp in mogale city. <P0-S1> however, nowhere are his love for the land and his friendly relationships with neighbouring black communities better illustrated than at boekenhoutfontein, the farm he bought in 1859. the farm remained his property until his death, after which it was divided among three of his children. <P0-S2> in 1971 it was declared a national monument. <SEP> <P1-S0> Gasquet (1908) claimed that the Latin name atra mors (Black Death) for the 14th-century epidemic first appeared in modern times in 1631 in a book on Danish history by J.I. <P1-S1> Pontanus: "Vulgo & ab effectu atram mortem vocatibant. <P1-S2> ("Commonly and from its effects, they called it the black death"). <P1-S3> The name spread through Scandinavia and then Germany, gradually becoming attached to the mid 14th-century epidemic as a proper name. <P1-S4> In England, it was not until 1823 that the medieval epidemic was first called the Black Death. <SEP> <P2-S0> diane guerrero (born july 21, 1986) is an american actress and author. <P2-S1> she is known for her roles as inmate maritza ramos on the netflix series orange is the new black and lina on jane the virgin. <P2-S2> among her other roles was a recurring role on are we there yet? <P2-S3> guerrero grew up in boston and remained there after the rest of her family was deported to colombia. <P2-S4> she is an advocate for immigration reform. <P2-S5> her role on orange is the new black has contributed to three consecutive wins for the screen actors guild award for outstanding performance by an ensemble in a comedy series. <P2-S6> guerrero is the author of in the country we love: my family divided, a memoir about her parents being detained and deported when she was fourteen. <SEP> <P3-S0> Remains of Elmet is a collection of poems by Ted Hughes published in 1979. <P3-S1> In this book Hughes has poetically covered the region of Elmet. <P3-S2> The book contains black and white photographs by Fay Godwin, taken in the barren hill country of West Yorkshire, Hughes's birthplace. <SEP> <P4-S0> St Botolph's Review was the student-made poetry journal from Cambridge University, England in 1956, which saw the first publication of Ted Hughes' poetry, at the launch of which Hughes met Sylvia Plath. <P4-S1> The first issue appeared on 26 February 1956.
Question: When did the name Black Death officially take root in the country where the author of Shakespeare and the Goddess of Complete Being was a citizen?

<P0-S0> St Botolph's Review was the student-made poetry journal from Cambridge University, England in 1956, which saw the first publication of Ted Hughes' poetry, at the launch of which Hughes met Sylvia Plath. <P0-S1> The first issue appeared on 26 February 1956. <SEP> <P1-S0> in ancient greek, the name of the city was ἀθῆναι (athēnai, pronounced (a. thɛ̂ː. <P1-S1> nai̯) in classical attic) a plural. <P1-S2> in earlier greek, such as homeric greek, the name had been current in the singular form though, as ἀθήνη (athēnē). <P1-S3> it was possibly rendered in the plural later on, like those of θῆβαι (thêbai) and μυκῆναι (μukênai). <P1-S4> the root of the word is perhaps not of greek or indo - european origin, and is a possible remnant of the pre-greek substrate of attica, as could be the name of the goddess athena (attic ἀθηνᾶ, athēnā, ionic ἀθήνη, athēnē, and doric ἀθάνα, athānā), that was always related to the city of athens. <P1-S5> during the medieval period the name of the city was rendered once again in the singular as ἀθήνα. <P1-S6> however, after the establishment of the modern greek state, and partly due to the conservatism of the written language, ἀθῆναι (aˈθine) became again the official name of the city and remained so until the abandonment of katharevousa in the 1970s, when ἀθήνα, athína, became the official name. <SEP> <P2-S0> the oath of citizenship or officially oath of allegiance, is a statement recited by individuals wishing to become citizens of the republic of trinidad and tobago. <P2-S1> individuals who wish to become a citizen of trinidad and tobago do so through the ministry of national security's citizenship and immigration section. <P2-S2> the oath of allegiance is a mandatory step to becoming a citizen of trinidad and tobago. <SEP> <P3-S0> Shakespeare and the Goddess of Complete Being is a book of literary criticism authored by Ted Hughes. <P3-S1> Hughes has extensively discussed the poems and other literary works of Shakespeare in this book. <P3-S2> The book is written in three parts: <SEP> <P4-S0> Gasquet (1908) claimed that the Latin name atra mors (Black Death) for the 14th-century epidemic first appeared in modern times in 1631 in a book on Danish history by J.I. <P4-S1> Pontanus: "Vulgo & ab effectu atram mortem vocatibant. <P4-S2> ("Commonly and from its effects, they called it the black death"). <P4-S3> The name spread through Scandinavia and then Germany, gradually becoming attached to the mid 14th-century epidemic as a proper name. <P4-S4> In England, it was not until 1823 that the medieval epidemic was first called the Black Death.
Question: What early Huguenot Church was established in the home country of the author of Memoirs of a Cavalier?

<P0-S0> The True-Born Englishman is a satirical poem published in 1701 by Daniel Defoe defending the then King of England William, who was Dutch-born, against xenophobic attacks by his political enemies, and ridiculing the notion of English racial purity. <P0-S1> It quickly became popular. <SEP> <P1-S0> The French Protestant Church of London was established by Royal Charter in 1550. <P1-S1> It is now located at Soho Square. <P1-S2> Huguenot refugees flocked to Shoreditch, London. <P1-S3> They established a major weaving industry in and around Spitalfields (see Petticoat Lane and the Tenterground) in East London. <P1-S4> In Wandsworth, their gardening skills benefited the Battersea market gardens. <P1-S5> The Old Truman Brewery, then known as the Black Eagle Brewery, was founded in 1724. <P1-S6> The flight of Huguenot refugees from Tours, France drew off most of the workers of its great silk mills which they had built. <P1-S7> [citation needed] Some of these immigrants moved to Norwich, which had accommodated an earlier settlement of Walloon weavers. <P1-S8> The French added to the existing immigrant population, then comprising about a third of the population of the city. <SEP> <P2-S0> denmark congregational united church of christ is located in denmark, iowa, united states. <P2-S1> the church building was listed on the national register of historic places as denmark congregational church in 1977. the church is noteworthy because of its association with the rev. <P2-S2> asa turner, jr. he was a noted abolitionist and supporter of the temperance movement, who was the pastor of the congregation in its early years. <P2-S3> he was an early congregationalist missionary to iowa and encouraged the american home missionary society to send more missionaries to the iowa territory. <P2-S4> his requests resulted in the arrival of nine young men from andover theological seminary in 1843. known as the "iowa band", they established churches in eastern iowa based on turner's denmark church. <SEP> <P3-S0> he was an author of numerous memoirs on the geology of russia, especially on coal and other mineral deposits of the country; and he wrote also some explanations to accompany separate sheets of the geological map of russia. <SEP> <P4-S0> Memoirs of a Cavalier (1720) is a work of historical fiction by Daniel Defoe, set during the Thirty Years' War and the English Civil Wars. <P4-S1> The full title, which bore no date, was:
Question: What early Huguenot Church was established in the country of Moll Flanders's author?

<P0-S0> huguenot immigrants did not disperse or settle in different parts of the country, but rather, formed three societies or congregations; one in the city of new york, another 21 miles north of new york in a town which they named new rochelle, and a third further upstate in new paltz. <P0-S1> the "huguenot street historic district" in new paltz has been designated a national historic landmark site and contains the oldest street in the united states of america. <P0-S2> a small group of huguenots also settled on the south shore of staten island along the new york harbor, for which the current neighborhood of huguenot was named. <SEP> <P1-S0> The True-Born Englishman is a satirical poem published in 1701 by Daniel Defoe defending the then King of England William, who was Dutch-born, against xenophobic attacks by his political enemies, and ridiculing the notion of English racial purity. <P1-S1> It quickly became popular. <SEP> <P2-S0> The French Protestant Church of London was established by Royal Charter in 1550. <P2-S1> It is now located at Soho Square. <P2-S2> Huguenot refugees flocked to Shoreditch, London. <P2-S3> They established a major weaving industry in and around Spitalfields (see Petticoat Lane and the Tenterground) in East London. <P2-S4> In Wandsworth, their gardening skills benefited the Battersea market gardens. <P2-S5> The Old Truman Brewery, then known as the Black Eagle Brewery, was founded in 1724. <P2-S6> The flight of Huguenot refugees from Tours, France drew off most of the workers of its great silk mills which they had built. <P2-S7> [citation needed] Some of these immigrants moved to Norwich, which had accommodated an earlier settlement of Walloon weavers. <P2-S8> The French added to the existing immigrant population, then comprising about a third of the population of the city. <SEP> <P3-S0> The Fortunes and Misfortunes of Moll Flanders, commonly abbreviated as Moll Flanders, is a novel written by Daniel Defoe in 1722. <SEP> <P4-S0> henri (hendrik) conscience (3 december 1812 – 10 september 1883) was a belgian author. <P4-S1> he is considered the pioneer of dutch-language literature in flanders, writing at a time when belgium was dominated by the french language among the upper classes, in literature and government. <P4-S2> conscience fought as a belgian revolutionary in 1830 and was a notable writer in the romanticist style popular in the early 19th century. <P4-S3> he is best known for his romantic nationalist novel, "the lion of flanders" (1838), inspired by the victory of a flemish peasant militia over french knights at the 1302 battle of the golden spurs during the franco-flemish war.
Question: When did the first McDonald open in the country the author of Milton's divorce tracts is from?

<P0-S0> Milton's divorce tracts refer to the four interlinked polemical pamphlets—"The Doctrine and Discipline of Divorce", "The Judgment of Martin Bucer", "Tetrachordon", and "Colasterion"—written by John Milton from 1643–1645. <P0-S1> They argue for the legitimacy of divorce on grounds of spousal incompatibility. <P0-S2> Arguing for divorce at all, let alone a version of no-fault divorce, was extremely controversial and religious figures sought to ban his tracts. <P0-S3> Although the tracts were met with nothing but hostility and he later rued publishing them in English at all, they are important for analysing the relationship between Adam and Eve in his epic "Paradise Lost". <P0-S4> Spanning three years characterised by turbulent changes in the English printing business, they also provide an important context for the publication of "Areopagitica", Milton's most famous work of prose. <SEP> <P1-S0> henry viii was the first monarch to introduce a new state religion to the english. <P1-S1> in 1532, he wanted to divorce his wife, catherine of aragon. <P1-S2> when pope clement vii refused to consent to the divorce, henry viii decided to separate the entire country of england from the roman catholic church. <P1-S3> the pope had no more authority over the people of england. <P1-S4> this parting of ways opened the door for protestantism to enter the country. <SEP> <P2-S0> abbé guy-toussaint-julien carron (1760–1821) was a french roman catholic priest who founded a number of social and educational institutions, especially while in exile in england, and was a prolific author of pious tracts. <SEP> <P3-S0> 1974: On November 13, the first McDonald's in the United Kingdom opens in Woolwich, southeast London. <P3-S1> It is the company's 3000th restaurant. <SEP> <P4-S0> John Milton (9 December 16088 November 1674) was an English poet, polemicist, man of letters, and civil servant for the Commonwealth of England under its Council of State and later under Oliver Cromwell. <P4-S1> He wrote at a time of religious flux and political upheaval, and is best known for his epic poem "Paradise Lost" (1667), written in blank verse.
Question: What is the average percentage for people claiming job seeker's allowance in the country where the author of Milton's divorce tracts is a citizen?

<P0-S0> In March 2007 there were 120,305 jobs in Southampton, and 3,570 people claiming job seeker's allowance, approximately 2.4 per cent of the city's population. <P0-S1> This compares with an average of 2.5 per cent for England as a whole. <SEP> <P1-S0> John Milton (9 December 16088 November 1674) was an English poet, polemicist, man of letters, and civil servant for the Commonwealth of England under its Council of State and later under Oliver Cromwell. <P1-S1> He wrote at a time of religious flux and political upheaval, and is best known for his epic poem "Paradise Lost" (1667), written in blank verse. <SEP> <P2-S0> of mice and men is a novella written by author john steinbeck. <P2-S1> published in 1937, it tells the story of george milton and lennie small, two displaced migrant ranch workers, who move from place to place in california in search of new job opportunities during the great depression in the united states. <SEP> <P3-S0> Milton's divorce tracts refer to the four interlinked polemical pamphlets—"The Doctrine and Discipline of Divorce", "The Judgment of Martin Bucer", "Tetrachordon", and "Colasterion"—written by John Milton from 1643–1645. <P3-S1> They argue for the legitimacy of divorce on grounds of spousal incompatibility. <P3-S2> Arguing for divorce at all, let alone a version of no-fault divorce, was extremely controversial and religious figures sought to ban his tracts. <P3-S3> Although the tracts were met with nothing but hostility and he later rued publishing them in English at all, they are important for analysing the relationship between Adam and Eve in his epic "Paradise Lost". <P3-S4> Spanning three years characterised by turbulent changes in the English printing business, they also provide an important context for the publication of "Areopagitica", Milton's most famous work of prose. <SEP> <P4-S0> the loss of industrial and working-class jobs in the city has resulted in high rates of poverty and associated problems. <P4-S1> from 2000 to 2009, the city's estimated median household income fell from $29,526 to $26,098. <P4-S2> as of 2010[update] the mean income of detroit is below the overall u.s. average by several thousand dollars. <P4-S3> of every three detroit residents, one lives in poverty. <P4-S4> luke bergmann, author of getting ghost: two young lives and the struggle for the soul of an american city, said in 2010, "detroit is now one of the poorest big cities in the country."