Question: The period of history when the anatomical studies of nerves increased greatly, began in which area of the continent that was affected by Jacobinism?

<P0-S0> The Renaissance (UK: / rɪˈneɪsəns /, US: / rɛnəˈsɑːns /) is a period in European history, covering the span between the 14th and 17th centuries. <P0-S1> It is an extension of the Middle Ages, and is bridged by the Age of Enlightenment to modern history. <P0-S2> It grew in fragments, with the very first traces found seemingly in Italy, coming to cover much of Europe, for some scholars marking the beginning of the modern age. <SEP> <P1-S0> Writing to a friend in May 1795, Burke surveyed the causes of discontent: "I think I can hardly overrate the malignity of the principles of Protestant ascendency, as they affect Ireland; or of Indianism [i.e. <P1-S1> corporate tyranny, as practiced by the British East Indies Company], as they affect these countries, and as they affect Asia; or of Jacobinism, as they affect all Europe, and the state of human society itself. <P1-S2> The last is the greatest evil". <P1-S3> By March 1796, however Burke had changed his mind: "Our Government and our Laws are beset by two different Enemies, which are sapping its foundations, Indianism, and Jacobinism. <P1-S4> In some Cases they act separately, in some they act in conjunction: But of this I am sure; that the first is the worst by far, and the hardest to deal with; and for this amongst other reasons, that it weakens discredits, and ruins that force, which ought to be employed with the greatest Credit and Energy against the other; and that it furnishes Jacobinism with its strongest arms against all formal Government". <SEP> <P2-S0> dst's potential to save energy comes primarily from its effects on residential lighting, which consumes about 3.5% of electricity in the united states and canada. <P2-S1> delaying the nominal time of sunset and sunrise reduces the use of artificial light in the evening and increases it in the morning. <P2-S2> as franklin's 1784 satire pointed out, lighting costs are reduced if the evening reduction outweighs the morning increase, as in high-latitude summer when most people wake up well after sunrise. <P2-S3> an early goal of dst was to reduce evening usage of incandescent lighting, which used to be a primary use of electricity. <P2-S4> although energy conservation remains an important goal, energy usage patterns have greatly changed since then, and recent research is limited and reports contradictory results. <P2-S5> electricity use is greatly affected by geography, climate, and economics, making it hard to generalize from single studies. <SEP> <P3-S0> The Roman physician Galen also argued for the importance of the brain, and theorized in some depth about how it might work. <P3-S1> Galen traced out the anatomical relationships among brain, nerves, and muscles, demonstrating that all muscles in the body are connected to the brain through a branching network of nerves. <P3-S2> He postulated that nerves activate muscles mechanically by carrying a mysterious substance he called pneumata psychikon, usually translated as "animal spirits". <P3-S3> Galen's ideas were widely known during the Middle Ages, but not much further progress came until the Renaissance, when detailed anatomical study resumed, combined with the theoretical speculations of René Descartes and those who followed him. <P3-S4> Descartes, like Galen, thought of the nervous system in hydraulic terms. <P3-S5> He believed that the highest cognitive functions are carried out by a non-physical res cogitans, but that the majority of behaviors of humans, and all behaviors of animals, could be explained mechanistically. <SEP> <P4-S0> the "journal of near eastern studies" is an academic journal published by the university of chicago press, covering research on the ancient and medieval civilisations of the near east, including their archaeology, art, history, literature, linguistics, religion, law, and science. <P4-S1> jnes is devoted to the study of the civilizations of the near east from prehistory to the end of the ottoman period in 1922. <P4-S2> "jnes" embraces a uniquely broad scope of time, place, and topic, including contributions from scholars of international reputation on topics in assyriology, egyptology, hittitology, hebrew bible, and allied ancient studies, as well as a second area of emphasis in early, medieval, and early-modern islamic studies. <P4-S3> the disciplinary range of the journal runs from history and language to religion and literature to archaeology and art history.