Question: When did the people Ferdinand repelled from Ha nover come to the area where Baptist missionaries took an active role in the anti-slavery movement?

<P0-S0> In April 1758, the British concluded the Anglo-Prussian Convention with Frederick in which they committed to pay him an annual subsidy of £670,000. <P0-S1> Britain also dispatched 9,000 troops to reinforce Ferdinand's Hanoverian army, the first British troop commitment on the continent and a reversal in the policy of Pitt. <P0-S2> Ferdinand had succeeded in driving the French from Hanover and Westphalia and re-captured the port of Emden in March 1758 before crossing the Rhine with his own forces, which caused alarm in France. <P0-S3> Despite Ferdinand's victory over the French at the Battle of Krefeld and the brief occupation of Düsseldorf, he was compelled by the successful manoeuvering of larger French forces to withdraw across the Rhine. <SEP> <P1-S0> Pierre Belain d'Esnambuc was a French trader and adventurer in the Caribbean, who established the first permanent French colony, Saint - Pierre, on the island of Martinique in 1635. <P1-S1> Belain sailed to the Caribbean in 1625, hoping to establish a French settlement on the island of St. Christopher (St. Kitts). <P1-S2> In 1626 he returned to France, where he won the support of Cardinal Richelieu to establish French colonies in the region. <P1-S3> Richelieu became a shareholder in the Compagnie de Saint - Christophe, created to accomplish this with d'Esnambuc at its head. <P1-S4> The company was not particularly successful and Richelieu had it reorganized as the Compagnie des Îles de l'Amérique. <P1-S5> In 1635 d'Esnambuc sailed to Martinique with one hundred French settlers to clear land for sugarcane plantations. <SEP> <P2-S0> southern baptist landmarkism sought to reset the ecclesiastical separation which had characterized the old baptist churches, in an era when inter-denominational union meetings were the order of the day. <P2-S1> james robinson graves was an influential baptist of the 19th century and the primary leader of this movement. <P2-S2> while some landmarkers eventually separated from the southern baptist convention, the influence of the movement on the convention continued into the 20th century. <P2-S3> its influence continues to affect convention policies. <P2-S4> in 2005, the southern baptist international mission board forbade its missionaries to receive alien immersions for baptism. <SEP> <P3-S0> Elsewhere in the Americas, in the Caribbean in particular, Baptist missionaries took an active role in the anti-slavery movement. <P3-S1> In Jamaica, for example, William Knibb, a prominent British Baptist missionary, worked toward the emancipation of slaves in the British West Indies (which took place in 1838). <P3-S2> Knibb also protagonised the creation of "Free Villages"; rural communities centred around a Baptist church where emancipated slaves could farm their own land. <P3-S3> Baptists were likewise active in promoting the education of former slaves; for example, Jamaica's Calabar High School, named after the slave port of Calabar, was formed by Baptist missionaries. <P3-S4> At the same time, during and after slavery, slaves and free formed their own Spiritual Baptist movements - breakaway spiritual movements which often expressed resistance to oppression. <SEP> <P4-S0> historians trace the earliest church labeled baptist back to 1609 in amsterdam, with english separatist john smyth as its pastor. <P4-S1> in accordance with his reading of the new testament, he rejected baptism of infants and instituted baptism only of believing adults. <P4-S2> baptist practice spread to england, where the general baptists considered christ's atonement to extend to all people, while the particular baptists believed that it extended only to the elect. <P4-S3> in 1638, roger williams established the first baptist congregation in the north american colonies. <P4-S4> in the mid-18th century, the first great awakening increased baptist growth in both new england and the south. <P4-S5> the second great awakening in the south in the early 19th century increased church membership, as did the preachers' lessening of support for abolition and manumission of slavery, which had been part of the 18th-century teachings. <P4-S6> baptist missionaries have spread their church to every continent.