Question: When did Despo Rutti's country of birth become independent?

<P0-S0> a referendum on scottish independence from the united kingdom took place on thursday 18 september 2014. the referendum question, which voters answered with ``yes ''or`` no'', was ``should scotland be an independent country? <P0-S1> ''the`` no'' side won, with 2,001,926 (55.3%) voting against independence and 1,617,989 (44.7%) voting in favour. <P0-S2> the turnout of 84.6% was the highest recorded for an election or referendum in the united kingdom since the introduction of universal suffrage. <SEP> <P1-S0> The capital, Brazzaville, is located on the Congo River, in the south of the country, immediately across from Kinshasa, the capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. <SEP> <P2-S0> After an uprising by the Congolese people, Belgium surrendered to the independence of the Congo in 1960. <P2-S1> However, the Congo remained unstable because tribal leaders had more power than the central government. <P2-S2> Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba tried to restore order with the aid of the Soviet Union as part of the Cold War, causing the United States to support a coup led by Colonel Joseph Mobutu in 1965. <P2-S3> Mobutu quickly seized complete power of the Congo and renamed the country Zaire. <P2-S4> He sought to Africanize the country, changing his own name to Mobutu Sese Seko, and demanded that African citizens change their Western names to traditional African names. <P2-S5> Mobutu sought to repress any opposition to his rule, in which he successfully did throughout the 1980s. <P2-S6> However, with his regime weakened in the 1990s, Mobutu was forced to agree to a power - sharing government with the opposition party. <P2-S7> Mobutu remained the head of state and promised elections within the next two years that never took place. <SEP> <P3-S0> Spending his life in Kinshasa and in Brazzaville, he immigrated to France in 1992. <P3-S1> He released his first recordings in 1999 "Tout c’que j'n'aurais pas" and "Les reufs meurent" and was featured in a number of rap compilations through producer Fabrice Yahiaoui and label Hématome Concept eventually signing with label Soldat Sans Grade Records releasing "Les sirènes du charbon" on 28 November 2006, as a double CD, being an EP of 9 titles and a street album mixed by DJ Boudj. <P3-S2> It denounced the social inequalities and a protest for expulsion of immigrants. <P3-S3> It was followed by another provocative release, "Convictions suicidaires", his debut studio full album treating taboo subjects of French society including national identity in face of changing immigration trends. <P3-S4> This was followed by the mixtape "Discographie parallèle" mixed by DJ Uka and highlighting a number of collaborations. <SEP> <P4-S0> birth control practices were generally adopted earlier in europe than in the united states. <P4-S1> knowlton's book was reprinted in 1877 in england by charles bradlaugh and annie besant, with the goal of challenging britain's obscenity laws. <P4-S2> they were arrested (and later acquitted) but the publicity of their trial contributed to the formation, in 1877, of the malthusian league -- the world's first birth control advocacy group -- which sought to limit population growth to avoid thomas malthus's dire predictions of exponential population growth leading to worldwide poverty and famine. <P4-S3> by 1930, similar societies had been established in nearly all european countries, and birth control began to find acceptance in most western european countries, except catholic ireland, spain, and france. <P4-S4> as the birth control societies spread across europe, so did birth control clinics. <P4-S5> the first birth control clinic in the world was established in the netherlands in 1882, run by the netherlands' first female physician, aletta jacobs. <P4-S6> the first birth control clinic in england was established in 1921 by marie stopes, in london.