Question: By which century had the birthplace of Marathon Man's director started becoming a prominent capital city?

<P0-S0> nanjing ( listen; chinese: 南京, "southern capital") is the city situated in the heartland of lower yangtze river region in china, which has long been a major centre of culture, education, research, politics, economy, transport networks and tourism. <P0-S1> it is the capital city of jiangsu province of people's republic of china and the second largest city in east china, with a total population of 8,216,100, and legally the capital of republic of china which lost the mainland during the civil war. <P0-S2> the city whose name means "southern capital" has a prominent place in chinese history and culture, having served as the capitals of various chinese dynasties, kingdoms and republican governments dating from the 3rd century ad to 1949. prior to the advent of pinyin romanization, nanjing's city name was spelled as nanking or nankin. <P0-S3> nanjing has a number of other names, and some historical names are now used as names of districts of the city, and among them there is the name jiangning (江寧), whose former character jiang (江, river) is the former part of the name jiangsu and latter character ning (寧, simplified form 宁, peace) is the short name of nanjing. <P0-S4> when being the capital of a state, for instance, roc, jing (京) is adopted as the abbreviation of nanjing. <P0-S5> although as a city located in southern part of china becoming chinese national capital as early as in jin dynasty, the name nanjing was designated to the city in ming dynasty, about a thousand years later. <P0-S6> nanjing is particularly known as jinling (金陵, literally meaning gold mountain) and the old name has been used since the warring states period in zhou dynasty. <SEP> <P1-S0> Marathon Man is a 1976 American suspense-thriller film directed by John Schlesinger. <P1-S1> It was adapted by William Goldman from his 1974 novel of the same name and stars Dustin Hoffman, Laurence Olivier, Roy Scheider, William Devane and Marthe Keller. <P1-S2> In the film, "Babe" Levy, a graduate student (Hoffman), becomes embroiled in a plot by Nazi war criminal Christian Szell (Olivier) to retrieve stolen diamonds from a safety deposit box owned by Szell's dead brother. <P1-S3> Babe becomes unwittingly involved due to his brother, Doc's (Roy Scheider), dealings with Szell. <SEP> <P2-S0> Terminus is a 1961 British Transport Film documentary (filmed in August, 1960) directed by John Schlesinger which presents a "fly-on-the-wall" look at an ordinary day at Waterloo station in London. <P2-S1> Along with most British Transport Films, it was produced by Edgar Anstey. <P2-S2> It was nominated for a BAFTA Film Award for Best Documentary and, for a time, the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature, before being disqualified after it was discovered that the film was first released prior to the eligibility period. <P2-S3> Original music was by Ron Grainer. <SEP> <P3-S0> by the time oklahoma was admitted to the union in 1907, oklahoma city had surpassed guthrie, the territorial capital, as the population center and commercial hub of the new state. <P3-S1> soon after, the capital was moved from guthrie to oklahoma city. <P3-S2> oklahoma city was a major stop on route 66 during the early part of the 20th century; it was prominently mentioned in bobby troup's 1946 jazz classic, "(get your kicks on) route 66", later made famous by artist nat king cole. <SEP> <P4-S0> By the 11th century, London was beyond all comparison the largest town in England. <P4-S1> Westminster Abbey, rebuilt in the Romanesque style by King Edward the Confessor, was one of the grandest churches in Europe. <P4-S2> Winchester had previously been the capital of Anglo-Saxon England, but from this time on, London became the main forum for foreign traders and the base for defence in time of war. <P4-S3> In the view of Frank Stenton: "It had the resources, and it was rapidly developing the dignity and the political self-consciousness appropriate to a national capital."