Question: What fraction of the governing body with oversight of the agency that issued the report in 1958 must approve an amendment?

<P0-S0> A Federal Trade Commission report issued in 1958 attempted to quantify the effect of antibiotic development on American public health. <P0-S1> The report found that over the period 1946-1955, there was a 42% drop in the incidence of diseases for which antibiotics were effective and only a 20% drop in those for which antibiotics were not effective. <P0-S2> The report concluded that "it appears that the use of antibiotics, early diagnosis, and other factors have limited the epidemic spread and thus the number of these diseases which have occurred". <P0-S3> The study further examined mortality rates for eight common diseases for which antibiotics offered effective therapy (syphilis, tuberculosis, dysentery, scarlet fever, whooping cough, meningococcal infections, and pneumonia), and found a 56% decline over the same period. <P0-S4> Notable among these was a 75% decline in deaths due to tuberculosis. <SEP> <P1-S0> Executive power is vested, with exceptions and qualifications, in the President. <P1-S1> By law (Section 2.) <P1-S2> the president becomes the Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy, Militia of several states when called into service, has power to make treaties and appointments to office "with the Advice and Consent of the Senate," receive Ambassadors and Public Ministers, and "take care that the laws be faithfully executed" (Section 3.) <P1-S3> By using these words, the Constitution does not require the president to personally enforce the law; rather, officers subordinate to the president may perform such duties. <P1-S4> The Constitution empowers the president to ensure the faithful execution of the laws made by Congress and approved by the President. <P1-S5> Congress may itself terminate such appointments, by impeachment, and restrict the president. <P1-S6> Bodies such as the War Claims Commission, the Interstate Commerce Commission and the Federal Trade Commission—all quasi-judicial—often have direct Congressional oversight. <SEP> <P2-S0> Article Five of the United States Constitution describes the process whereby the Constitution, the nation's frame of government, may be altered. <P2-S1> Altering the Constitution consists of proposing an amendment or amendments and subsequent ratification. <P2-S2> Amendments may be proposed either by the Congress with a two - thirds vote in both the House of Representatives and the Senate or by a convention of states called for by two - thirds of the state legislatures. <P2-S3> To become part of the Constitution, an amendment must be ratified by either -- as determined by Congress -- the legislatures of three - quarters of the states or state ratifying conventions in three - quarters of the states. <P2-S4> The vote of each state (to either ratify or reject a proposed amendment) carries equal weight, regardless of a state's population or length of time in the Union. <SEP> <P3-S0> the centrality of the "separation" concept to the religion clauses of the constitution was made explicit in everson v. board of education, 330 u.s. 1 (1947), a case dealing with a new jersey law that allowed government funds to pay for transportation of students to both public and catholic schools. <P3-S1> this was the first case in which the court applied the establishment clause to the laws of a state, having interpreted the due process clause of the fourteenth amendment as applying the bill of rights to the states as well as the federal legislature. <P3-S2> citing jefferson, the court concluded that "the first amendment has erected a wall between church and state. <P3-S3> that wall must be kept high and impregnable. <P3-S4> we could not approve the slightest breach." <SEP> <P4-S0> the university experienced its share of student unrest during the 1960s, beginning in 1962, when students occupied president george beadle's office in a protest over the university's off-campus rental policies. <P4-S1> after continued turmoil, a university committee in 1967 issued what became known as the kalven report. <P4-S2> the report, a two-page statement of the university's policy in "social and political action," declared that "to perform its mission in the society, a university must sustain an extraordinary environment of freedom of inquiry and maintain an independence from political fashions, passions, and pressures." <P4-S3> the report has since been used to justify decisions such as the university's refusal to divest from south africa in the 1980s and darfur in the late 2000s.