Question: When did the country where Carolyn Lilipaly was born refuse to surrender to Namibia?

<P0-S0> Boschmanskop No 1+2 Dam, is an earth-fill type dam on the Woes-Alleen River, near Middelburg, Mpumalanga, South Africa. <P0-S1> It was established in 1995. <P0-S2> Its primary purpose is flood control and it is owned by Optimum Colliery Pullen's Hope. <SEP> <P1-S0> Dutch-Moluccan Carolijn Lilipaly was born in Middelburg. <P1-S1> Her father is former Dutch Labour Party parliament member John Lilipaly. <P1-S2> After studying law, she became a presenter for MTV Europe in London. <P1-S3> Carolyn was the host of "MTV Hit List UK", "MTV News at Night" and "The Big Picture". <P1-S4> At this time she adopted the name Carolyn so it would be easier pronounced by English speakers. <P1-S5> In the five years that she worked for MTV she travelled around the world and interviewed a host of international stars from the world of music and film. <P1-S6> Later on she worked as a presenter for CNBC Europe, Net 5 and Canal Plus. <SEP> <P2-S0> South Africa occupied the colony in 1915 after defeating the German force during World War I and administered it from 1919 onward as a League of Nations mandate territory. <P2-S1> Although the South African government desired to incorporate 'South-West Africa' into its territory, it never officially did so, although it was administered as the de facto 'fifth province', with the white minority having representation in the whites-only Parliament of South Africa, as well as electing their own local administration the SWA Legislative Assembly. <P2-S2> The South African government also appointed the SWA administrator, who had extensive powers. <P2-S3> Following the League's replacement by the United Nations in 1946, South Africa refused to surrender its earlier mandate to be replaced by a United Nations Trusteeship agreement, requiring closer international monitoring of the territory's administration (along with a definite independence schedule). <P2-S4> The Herero Chief's Council submitted a number of petitions to the UN calling for it to grant Namibia independence during the 1950s. <P2-S5> During the 1960s, when European powers granted independence to their colonies and trust territories in Africa, pressure mounted on South Africa to do so in Namibia. <P2-S6> In 1966 the International Court of Justice dismissed a complaint brought by Ethiopia and Liberia against South Africa's continued presence in the territory, but the U.N. General Assembly subsequently revoked South Africa's mandate, while in 1971 the International Court of Justice issued an "advisory opinion" declaring South Africa's continued administration to be illegal. <SEP> <P3-S0> carolyn rafaelian (born 1966 / 67) is an american - armenian entrepreneur and businesswoman. <P3-S1> she is the founder of the accessories and jewelry company alex and ani, and the owner of the belcourt of newport and carolyn's sakonnet vineyards. <SEP> <P4-S0> although public opinion in paris was strongly against any form of surrender or concession to the prussians, the government realised that it could not hold the city for much longer, and that gambetta's provincial armies would probably never break through to relieve paris. <P4-S1> president trochu resigned on 25 january and was replaced by favre, who signed the surrender two days later at versailles, with the armistice coming into effect at midnight. <P4-S2> several sources claim that in his carriage on the way back to paris, favre broke into tears, and collapsed into his daughter's arms as the guns around paris fell silent at midnight. <P4-S3> at tours, gambetta received word from paris on 30 january that the government had surrendered. <P4-S4> furious, he refused to surrender and launched an immediate attack on german forces at orleans which, predictably, failed. <P4-S5> a delegation of parisian diplomats arrived in tours by train on 5 february to negotiate with gambetta, and the following day gambetta stepped down and surrendered control of the provincial armies to the government of national defence, which promptly ordered a cease-fire across france.