winkelee/scaling-down huggingface dataset:
Question: Which Czech born American physicist was the author of several works on optics and edited the a series of books called, Progress in Optics?

<P0-S0> Ortwin Hess (born 1966) is a German-born theoretical physicist at Imperial College London (UK), working in condensed matter optics. <P0-S1>  Bridging condensed matter theory and quantum optics he specialises in nanophotonics, plasmonics, metamaterials and semiconductor laser dynamics. <P0-S2>  Since the late 1980s he has been an author and coauthor of over 300 peer-reviewed articles, the most popular of which, called Trapped rainbow' storage of light in metamaterials", was cited more than 400 times. <P0-S3>  He pioneered active (gain enhanced) nanoplasmonics and metamaterials with quantum gain and in 2014 he introduced the "stopped-light lasing" principle as a novel route to cavity-free (nano-) lasing and localisation of amplified surface plasmon polaritons, giving him an h-index of 33. <SEP> <P1-S0> Gareth P. Jones is a British children's writer, and author of the Dragon Detective Agency series of books. <P1-S1>  He is most famous for his comic-gothic book, "The Considine Curse", which won the Blue Peter Book of the Year 2012 and for "The Thornthwaite Inheritance". <P1-S2>  He also writes a series of books called Ninja Meerkats. <P1-S3>  His most recent book is called "Constable & Toop" and is a Victorian ghost story set in London, 1884. <P1-S4>  [Update: His most recent book is now "The Society of Thirteen".] <P1-S5>  As well as being an author, Gareth works as a TV producer. <SEP> <P2-S0> Emil Wolf (born July 30, 1922) is a Czech born American physicist who made advancements in physical optics, including diffraction, coherence properties of optical fields, spectroscopy of partially coherent radiation, and the theory of direct scattering and inverse scattering. <P2-S1>  He is also the author of several works on optics. <SEP> <P3-S0> Progress in Optics are a series of books edited by Emil Wolf published by Elsevier. <P3-S1>  They consist of collections of already published review articles deemed to be representative of the advances made in the fields of optics.
Question: Beyond the Fridge featured a performance by Jonathan miller who first came to prominence when?

<P0-S0> Beyond the Fringe was a British comedy stage revue written and performed by Peter Cook, Dudley Moore, Alan Bennett, and Jonathan Miller. <P0-S1>  It played in London's West End and then in America, both on tour and on New York's Broadway in the early 1960s. <P0-S2>  Hugely successful, it is widely regarded as seminal to the rise of satirical comedy in 1960s Britain. <SEP> <P1-S0> Sir Jonathan Wolfe Miller, CBE (born 21 July 1934) is an English theatre and opera director, actor, author, television presenter, humourist, and medical doctor. <P1-S1>  While training in medicine, and specialising in neurology, in the late 1950s, he first came to prominence in the early 1960s with his role in the comedy revue "Beyond the Fringe" with fellow writers and performers Peter Cook, Dudley Moore and Alan Bennett. <SEP> <P2-S0> Kieran Hebden (born 1978), best known by the stage name Four Tet, is an English post-rock and electronic musician. <P2-S1>  Hebden first came to prominence as a member of the band Fridge before establishing himself as a solo artist. <SEP> <P3-S0> A Trip to the Moon is a 1964 television science fiction comedy film, produced as an episode of the CBS series "Chronicle". <P3-S1>  The script was written by Jonathan Miller and Robert Goldman, based on Jules Verne's novel "From the Earth to the Moon". <P3-S2>  All characters are portrayed by Alan Bennett, Peter Cook, Miller, and Dudley Moore, who had first worked together in the revue "Beyond the Fringe".
Question: Thornton–Cleveleys was a railway station on the now disused line between fleetwood and a railway station also served by who?

<P0-S0> Thornton–Cleveleys (originally simply-named Cleveleys) was a small-sized railway station which served the two English Lancashire towns of Thornton and Cleveleys, but was situated in the centre of Thornton. <P0-S1>  Located on the now disused line between Poulton-le-Fylde and Fleetwood , the station also had a shunting yard for the making-up of freight trains for Preston and beyond. <P0-S2>  During its life it was also known at times as Thornton station and Thornton for Cleveleys station. <P0-S3>  In the 1860s and early 1870s the line was of great importance being the direct route from London to Glasgow. <P0-S4>  Before the Shap route was opened, passengers (allegedly including Queen Victoria) would travel from Euston to Fleetwood and then onwards via steamer to Scotland. <SEP> <P1-S0> Poulton-le-Fylde railway station serves the town of Poulton-le-Fylde in Lancashire, England. <P1-S1>  It is managed by Northern, but also served by Virgin Trains and is 14+1/4 mi northwest of Preston. <SEP> <P2-S0> Spey Bay railway station was a railway station in Spey Bay, Moray. <P2-S1>  The railway station was opened by the Great North of Scotland Railway (GNoSR) on its Moray Firth coast line in 1886, served by Aberdeen to Elgin trains. <P2-S2>  The station was originally named Fochabers-on-Spey railway station on 1 May 1886. <P2-S3>  In November 1893 it became Fochabers railway station, Fochabers and Spey Bay railway station on 1 January 1916 before finally becoming on 1 January 1918 Spey Bay railway station. <P2-S4>  It closed to regular passenger traffic on 6 May 1968 on the same date as the line itself. <SEP> <P3-S0> Qadirabad railway station (Urdu: ‎ ) is a disused railway station on the Karachi–Peshawar Railway Line located in Punjab, Pakistan. <P3-S1>  The station is located east of Yusafwala railway station and west of Okara Cantonment railway station.
Question: Who is the secretary of a business-oriented American lobbying group that is not an agency of the United States government?

<P0-S0> Judd Alan Gregg (born February 14, 1947) served as the 76th Governor of New Hampshire and was a United States Senator from New Hampshire, who served as chairman of the Senate Budget Committee. <P0-S1>  He is a member of the Republican Party and was a businessman and attorney in Nashua before entering politics. <P0-S2>  He currently serves as the Chair of the Public Advisory Board at the New Hampshire Institute of Politics at Saint Anselm College. <P0-S3>  Gregg was nominated for Secretary of Commerce in the Cabinet by President Barack Obama, but withdrew his name on February 12, 2009. <P0-S4>  He would have been up for re-election in 2010, but chose not to run. <P0-S5>  In the November 2010 elections, former State Attorney General Kelly Ayotte, also a Republican, was elected to succeed Gregg in the Senate. <P0-S6>  On May 27, 2011, Goldman Sachs announced that Gregg had been named an international advisor to the firm. <P0-S7>  In May 2013, Gregg was named the CEO of the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association, a Wall Street lobbying group. <P0-S8>  He later stepped down as CEO in December 2013 and became a senior adviser. <SEP> <P1-S0> The Israel lobby (at times called the Zionist lobby) is the diverse coalition of those who, as individuals and/or as groups, seek to influence the foreign policy of the United States in support of Israel or the policies of the government of Israel. <P1-S1>  The lobby consists of secular, Christian, and Jewish-American individuals and groups. <P1-S2>  The largest pro-Israel lobbying group is Christians United for Israel; the American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC) is a leading organization within the lobby, speaking on behalf of a coalition of American Jewish groups. <SEP> <P2-S0> The United States Chamber of Commerce (USCC) is a business-oriented American lobbying group. <P2-S1>  It is not an agency of the United States government. <SEP> <P3-S0> Elliot Hersey Goodwin (January 6, 1874 – February 16, 1931), was the Secretary of the United States Chamber of Commerce, Secretary of the National Civil Service Reform League, and Chairman of Civil Service Commission.
Question: Michael Soren Madsen stared in a movie that was based on a graphic novel of the same name written by whom?

<P0-S0> Sin City (also known as Frank Miller's Sin City) is a 2005 American neo-noir crime anthology film written, produced, and directed by Robert Rodriguez and Frank Miller. <P0-S1>  It is based on Miller's graphic novel of the same name. <SEP> <P1-S0> The Art of War is a graphic novel written and storyboarded by Kelly Roman with art by Michael DeWeese. <P1-S1>  The book was published as a paperback original by Harper Perennial on July 31, 2012. <P1-S2>  The graphic novel adapts Sun Tzu's original "The Art of War" into a science fiction story that follows an ex-soldier who works in a militarized financial world dominated by the Chinese government. <SEP> <P2-S0> Michael Søren Madsen (born September 25, 1958) is an American actor, producer, director, writer, poet and photographer. <P2-S1>  He has starred in over 200 films, including "Thelma & Louise", "Reservoir Dogs", "Wyatt Earp", "Free Willy", "Species", "Donnie Brasco", "Sin City", "Kill Bill", "The Hateful Eight" and many direct-to-video films. <P2-S2>  He has also guest starred in numerous television series and has done voice work in several video games. <P2-S3>  Madsen is known for making many films with Quentin Tarantino. <SEP> <P3-S0> Manga Hero is an American publisher based in San Rafael, California that publishes graphic novels influence by Japanese manga. <P3-S1>  The company’s stories typically involve heroic characters that usually come from a Jewish or Christian background. <P3-S2>  Manga Hero’s current publications include "Paul: Tarsus to Redemption", written by Matthew Salisbury and Gabrielle Gniewek, as well as "Judith: Captive to Conqueror" and "Many Are Called" both written by Gabrielle Gniewek. <P3-S3>  The writers are from John Paul the Great Catholic University in San Diego. <P3-S4>  Sean Lam illustrated both series and lives in Singapore. <P3-S5>  Sean also illustrated a single volume comic titled "It Takes a Wizard" published by Seven Seas Entertainment in 2009. <P3-S6>  The organizers of World Youth Day 2011 recently announced that Manga Hero will launch a special comic titled "Habemus Papam!" <P3-S7>  where 300,000 copies will be distributed during the event in Madrid. <P3-S8>  This comic chronicles the life of Pope Benedict XVI and will be published in English and Spanish. <P3-S9>  Manga Hero hired Regina Doman in 2012 to write a more detailed graphic novel biography of Pope Benedict XVI, also illustrated by Sean Lam, based on the World Youth Day 2011 book and also titled "Habemus Papam!" <P3-S10>  In 2014, the publisher developed a full color graphic novel about Pope Francis written by Regina Doman and illustrated by Sean Lam. <P3-S11>  Manga Hero is also developing graphic novels on Pope John Paul II and Maximilian Kolbe.
Question: What band performed heir second single off their debut album at he twenty-ninth annual WrestleMania professional wrestling pay-per-view  event produced by WWE?

<P0-S0> WrestleMania XXVII was the twenty-seventh annual WrestleMania professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE), held on April 3, 2011 at the Georgia Dome in Atlanta, Georgia. <P0-S1>  The event was the first WrestleMania in the state of Georgia and the second to be held in Southeastern United States, following WrestleMania XXIV. <SEP> <P1-S0> "Cult of Personality" is a song by rock band Living Colour. <P1-S1>  It was their second single off their debut album, "Vivid", released on July 14, 1988. <P1-S2>  "Cult of Personality" reached No. 13 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 and No. 9 on the "Billboard" Album Rock Tracks chart. <P1-S3>  It also won the Grammy Award for Best Hard Rock Performance in 1990. <P1-S4>  Its music video earned the MTV Video Music Award for Best Group Video and MTV Video Music Award for Best New Artist. <P1-S5>  The song was ranked No. 69 on VH1's "100 Greatest Hard Rock Songs". <P1-S6>  The solo was ranked No. 87 in "Guitar World"' s "100 Greatest Guitar Solos" list. <P1-S7>  It was also selected for inclusion in the musical reference book, "1001 Songs You Must Hear Before You Die: And 10,001 You Must Download". <P1-S8>  The sections before the bridge are similar to a hook in Black Sabbath's "Wheels Of Confusion". <P1-S9>  In 2007, the song was re-recorded and released for the video game "". <P1-S10>  The re-recording later appeared in "Guitar Hero Smash Hits". <P1-S11>  It also appeared in the video game "" on the radio station "Radio X". <P1-S12>  The song is also the entrance music for former ROH and WWE wrestler turned UFC fighter, CM Punk, and Living Colour performed the song live for his entrance at WrestleMania 29. <P1-S13>  The song also appeared on the soundtrack for the 2015 video game "NBA 2K16". <SEP> <P2-S0> WrestleMania 29 (billed in print ads as WrestleMania NY/NJ) was the twenty-ninth annual WrestleMania professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by WWE, held on April 7, 2013 at MetLife Stadium in East Rutherford, New Jersey. <P2-S1>  Nine professional wrestling matches were contested at the event, with one being shown on the pre-show. <SEP> <P3-S0> WrestleMania 23 was the twenty-third annual WrestleMania professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). <P3-S1>  It was presented by 360 OTC and took place on April 1, 2007, at Ford Field in Detroit, Michigan. <P3-S2>  The event was the first WrestleMania at Ford Field and the second to take place in the Detroit metropolitan area (following WrestleMania III, at the Pontiac Silverdome, in Pontiac, Michigan).
Question: The singer who contributed vocals to the track "You Know What It Is" was a member of what hip hop group?

<P0-S0> Nel Ust Wyclef Jean ( ; born on October 17, 1969), better known by his professional name Wyclef Jean, is a Haitian rapper, musician and actor. <P0-S1>  At the age of nine, Jean emigrated as a child to the United States with his family and settled there. <P0-S2>  He first achieved fame as a member of the New Jersey hip hop group the Fugees. <P0-S3>  Jean has won three Grammy Awards for his musical work. <SEP> <P1-S0> Sons of the P is the second album by American rap group Digital Underground, released on October 15, 1991. <P1-S1>  The album featured two hit singles, "No Nose Job" and "Kiss You Back", both of which were written by, and featured the lead vocals of Greg Jacobs (a.k.a. Shock G/Humpty Hump), and the latter of which featured multi-layered choruses and background vocals sung by Boni Boyer, who briefly worked with D.U. shortly after her stint with Prince's Sign of the Times/Love Sexy band. <P1-S2>  It is sometimes mistakenly reported that Kiss You Back was co-written & co-performed by George Clinton, but his name appropriately appears in the writers credit due to a sample of "(Not Just) Knee Deep" by Funkadelic. <P1-S3>  He did however actively participate in the writing and recording of the title track "Sons of the P", to which he also contributed vocals, and which marked one of the earliest studio guest appearances by Clinton on a Hip Hop release, preceded only by Kurtis Blow's "Magilla Gorilla" released in 1986. <P1-S4>  Both the album and the single "Kiss You Back" were each certified Gold by the RIAA. <SEP> <P2-S0> Quro (born Andrew Michael Bradley) is an Australian hip hop MC from Adelaide, South Australia who later relocated to Sydney. <P2-S1>  He has been involved in the Australian hip hop scene since about 1992, when he formed part of the legendary Adelaide hip hop group Finger Lickin Good with MC Madcap. <P2-S2>  Quro, as Andrew Bradley, has also worked on radio and as a journalist. <P2-S3>  He also contributed a verse on the Def Wish Cast track "Saga (Iron Fist)" from their debut LP "Knights of the Underground Table". <SEP> <P3-S0> "You Know What It Is" is a song by American hip hop recording artist T.I., released July 10, 2007, as the second single from his fifth studio album "T.I. vs. T.I.P." (2007). <P3-S1>  The song was produced by Jerry "Wonda" Duplessis and Wyclef Jean, the latter of whom contributes vocals throughout the track. <P3-S2>  It debuted at #73 on Billboard's R&B/Hip Hop Songs on June 28, 2007, later peaking at #11. <P3-S3>  It later debuted on the "Billboard" Hot 100 at number 68 in July, later peaking at #34.
Question: Which plant is native to Southern Africa, Anacampseros or Prostanthera?

<P0-S0> Grahamia australiana is a species of plant from the family Anacampserotaceae which is endemic to Australia, it is often better known as "Anacampseros australiana" but the genus "Anacampseros" is now thought to be restricted to Africa. <SEP> <P1-S0> Prostanthera, commonly known as mintbush or mint bush, is a genus of flowering plants of the family Lamiaceae. <P1-S1>  There are about 90 species within the genus, all of which are endemic to Australia. <P1-S2>  The word is derived from the Greek for an appendage. <P1-S3>  Within the flowers are small spur-like appendages on the anthers. <SEP> <P2-S0> Anacampseros is a genus comprising about a hundred species of small perennial succulent plants native to Southern Africa. <P2-S1>  The botanical name "Anacampseros" is an ancient one for herbs supposed to restore lost love. <SEP> <P3-S0> Anacampseros albissima is a species of succulent plant native to the Karoo desert of South Africa.
Question: Christine M. McCarthy reports to an American businessman who earned how much money in 2015?

<P0-S0> Accountability Day (Dutch: "Verantwoordingsdag", popularly also referred to as "(woensdag) gehaktdag", "Wednesday Mincing Day")) is the day in the Netherlands when the national government and ministries present their annual reports to the House of Representatives. <P0-S1>  On the same day, the Court of Audit publishes its report on the inspections of those annual reports. <P0-S2>  Accountability Day is held every year on the third Wednesday in May. <P0-S3>  The annual reports not only account for how much money has been spent and on what; the specific goals that were envisioned, and to what degree they have been achieved in the past year, are also discussed. <SEP> <P1-S0> Robert Allen Iger ( ; born February 10, 1951) is an American businessman who is chairman and chief executive officer (CEO) of The Walt Disney Company. <P1-S1>  Before Disney, Iger served as the president of ABC Television from 1994 to 1995 and the president and chief operating officer (COO) of Capital Cities/ABC, Inc. from 1995 until Disney's acquisition of the company in 1996. <P1-S2>  He was named president and COO of Disney in 2000, and later succeeded Michael Eisner as CEO in 2005, after a successful effort by Roy E. Disney to shake up the management of the company. <P1-S3>  As part of his yearly compensation, Iger earned $44.9 million in 2015. <SEP> <P2-S0> Christine M. McCarthy is an American businesswoman and the chief financial officer (CFO) of The Walt Disney Company. <P2-S1>  McCarthy reports to chief executive officer (CEO) Robert A. Iger. <SEP> <P3-S0> Party finance in Germany is the subject of statutory reports, which up to 35 parties file annually with the administration of the German parliament. <P3-S1>  Important questions pertaining to political party funding can be answered by analysing the data given in these financial reports: How much money is raised and spent by each party operating in Germany? <P3-S2>  What assets are at the disposal, which debts are on the books of German parties? <P3-S3>  For which purposes did parties spend their funds (during any calendar year since 1984)? <P3-S4>  From which itemized sources did a specific party collect its revenue (since 1968)? <P3-S5>  Who are the donors of major contributions (in excess of €10,000) and how much did each donor give during a specific calendar year?
Question: Jacob Surjan currently serves as the development coach of a team based in which city ?

<P0-S0> Jacob Adam Surjan (born 15 August 1985 in Perth, Australia) is an Australian rules footballer of Croatian descent and former player of the Port Adelaide Football Club. <P0-S1>  He currently serves as the development coach of the Port Adelaide Football Club at AFL level, and as the midfield coach of Port Adelaide at SANFL level. <SEP> <P1-S0> The Port Adelaide Football Club is a professional Australian rules football club based in Alberton, Port Adelaide, South Australia. <P1-S1>  The club's senior team plays in the Australian Football League (AFL) under the nickname Power, whilst its reserves and development teams compete in the South Australian National Football League (SANFL) under the nickname Magpies. <P1-S2>  Port Adelaide is the oldest professional sporting club in South Australia and the fifth-oldest club in the AFL. <P1-S3>  Since the club's first game on 24 May 1870, the club has won 36 South Australian league premierships, including six in a row. <P1-S4>  The club also won the Champions of Australia competition on a record four occasions. <P1-S5>  In 1997, the club joined the Australian Football League as the only pre-existing non-Victorian club—and subsequently added the 2004 AFL premiership to its achievements. <SEP> <P2-S0> Allister de Winter (born 12 March 1968, Launceston, Tasmania) is an Australian retired first class cricketer who played for the Tasmanian Tigers from 1986 until 1993. <P2-S1>  Following his retirement, de Winter pursued a career as a junior development coach. <P2-S2>  In 2002 he coached the Tasmanian Tigers under-19 side, alongside fellow former Tigers player Michael Farrell. <P2-S3>  In 2003 the Western Australian Cricket Association employed de Winter as a state development coach. <P2-S4>  In 2005 de Winter moved to Bangladesh, to take up the position as head coach of the Bangladesh National Cricket Academy and coach of the under-19 Bangladesh cricket team, taking them to a 5th place at the 2006 ICC under-19 World Cup. <P2-S5>  He is currently the Assistant Coach of the Tasmanian Tigers, a position he has held since the 2007-08 season. <SEP> <P3-S0> Luke Webster (born 25 May 1982) is an Australian rules football coach and former player. <P3-S1>  He played for Fremantle in the Australian Football League, and currently serves as senior coach of the East Perth Royals in the West Australian Football League and as a development coach at AFL club the West Coast Eagles.
Question: In what US city is the Sixth Army headquartered?

<P0-S0> The Battle of Kalach took place between the German Sixth Army and elements of the Soviet Stalingrad Front between July 25 and August 11, 1942. <P0-S1>  The Soviets deployed the 62nd and 64th Armies in a Don River bridgehead west of Kalach with the intent of impeding the German advance on Stalingrad. <P0-S2>  In the initial period of the battle, the Germans attacked and managed to surround part of the 62nd Army. <P0-S3>  In reaction, the Soviets counter-attacked and temporarily forced the Germans onto the defense. <P0-S4>  Following resupply of German forces, the roles again reversed and the Germans attacked into the flanks of the Soviet bridgehead, successfully collapsing it. <P0-S5>  The German victory positioned the Sixth Army to cross the Don River and advance on Stalingrad, which became the site of one of the most decisive battles of World War II. <SEP> <P1-S0> Fort Sam Houston is a U.S. Army post in San Antonio, Texas. <SEP> <P2-S0> The 109th Military Intelligence Battalion is a multidiscipline Military Intelligence battalion of the United States Army headquartered at Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Washington. <P2-S1>  A Regular Army Military Intelligence Battalion, it is one of the subordinate battalions of the 201st Expeditionary Military Intelligence Brigade, which is part of the US Army's 7th Infantry Division and I Corps. <SEP> <P3-S0> Sixth Army is a field army of the United States Army. <P3-S1>  The Army service component command of United States Southern Command, its area of responsibility includes 31 countries and 15 areas of special sovereignty in Central and South America and the Caribbean. <P3-S2>  It is headquartered at Fort Sam Houston.
Question: Which film maker directed "The Wrecker", Albert de Courville or A. Edward Sutherland?

<P0-S0> Albert Edward Sutherland (January 5, 1895 – December 31, 1973) was a film director and actor. <P0-S1>  Born in London, he was from a theatrical family. <P0-S2>  His father, Al Sutherland, was a theatre manager and producer and his mother, Julie Ring, was a vaudeville performer. <P0-S3>  He was a nephew of both Blanche Ring and Thomas Meighan, who was married to Frances Ring, another of his mother's sisters. <SEP> <P1-S0> The Lambeth Walk is a 1939 British musical comedy film directed by Albert de Courville and starring Lupino Lane, Sally Gray and Seymour Hicks. <P1-S1>  It was an adaptation of the 1937 musical "Me and My Girl", and was released under that title in the U.S. <P1-S2>  The film takes its British title from the play's best known song "The Lambeth Walk". <P1-S3>  The star of the musical, Lupino Lane, reprised his lead role in the film. <SEP> <P2-S0> Are You There? <P2-S1>  is a "farcical musical play in two acts" composed by Ruggero Leoncavallo (with interpolations by Lewis F. Muir) with a book by Albert de Courville and lyrics by Edgar Wallace. <P2-S2>  Also described as an "operette" by "Variety", it premièred unsuccessfully on 1 November 1913 at The Prince of Wales Theatre, London to a rowdy audience which almost became a riot. <P2-S3>  Its star, Shirley Kellogg, was Courville's wife. <SEP> <P3-S0> Albert de Courville (1887–1960) (born in Croydon, England) was a director of theatrical revues, many of which featured the actress and singer Shirley Kellogg, whom he married in June 1913. <P3-S1>  In the 1930s he turned to making films. <P3-S2>  His two most famous films, both featuring Jessie Matthews were "There Goes the Bride" (1932) and "The Midshipmaid" (1932). <P3-S3>  He also directed "The Wrecker", an adaptation of Arnold Ridley’s play of the same name, and "Seven Sinners" (1936).
Question: What prize was won for a book by a British author and illustrator from Dartmoor, focusing on futuristic steampunk London?

<P0-S0> Chris Wooding (born 28 February 1977) is a British writer born in Leicester, and now living in London. <P0-S1>  His first book, "Crashing", which he wrote at the age of nineteen, was published in 1998 when he was twenty-one. <P0-S2>  Since then he has written many more, including "The Haunting of Alaizabel Cray", which was silver runner-up for the Nestlé Smarties Book Prize, and "Poison", which won the Lancashire Children's Book of the Year. <P0-S3>  He is also the author of three different, completed series; "Broken Sky", an anime-influenced fantasy serial for children, "Braided Path", a fantasy trilogy for adults, and "Malice", a young adult fantasy that mixes graphic novel with the traditional novel; as well as another, four-part series, "Tales of the Ketty Jay", a steampunk sci-fi fantasy for adults. <SEP> <P1-S0> Philip Reeve (born 28 February 1966) is a British author and illustrator of children's books. <P1-S1>  He currently lives on Dartmoor with his wife Sarah and their son Sam. <SEP> <P2-S0> Mortal Engines is the first of four novels in Philip Reeve's quartet of the same name. <P2-S1>  The book focuses on a futuristic, steampunk version of London, now a giant machine striving to survive on a world running out of resources. <P2-S2>  The book has won a Nestlé Smarties Book Prize and was shortlisted for the 2002 Whitbread Award. <SEP> <P3-S0> Marc Potts (born 1963, London) is a British artist and illustrator working within the fantasy, myth and folklore genres, using both traditional technique and digital art. <P3-S1>  He lives close to the edge of Dartmoor, Devon with his wife Kelly Potts Martinez who is a jewellery creator, sculptor and taxidermist. <P3-S2>  Potts states that he is inspired by the landscape of Dartmoor and 25 years of spiritual exploration; he is also a writer, children's illustrator and natural history artist. <P3-S3>  His art has been featured in various magazines and books on fantasy art, art tutorial subjects, cards, T-shirts and licensed products.
Question: Which fictional location is featured in the children's novel published fourth in "The Chronicles of Narnia" series by C. S. Lewis?

<P0-S0> Tumnus is a fictional character in C. S. Lewis' series "The Chronicles of Narnia". <P0-S1>  He is featured prominently in "The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe" and also appears in "The Horse and His Boy" and "The Last Battle". <P0-S2>  He is close friends with Lucy Pevensie and is the first creature she meets in Narnia, as well as the first Narnian to be introduced in the series. <P0-S3>  Lewis said that the first Narnia story, "The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe", all came to him from a single picture he had in his head of a faun carrying an umbrella and parcels through a snowy wood. <P0-S4>  In that way, Tumnus was the initial inspiration for the entire Narnia series. <SEP> <P1-S0> The Underland is a fictional location in the children's fantasy series "The Chronicles of Narnia" by C. S. Lewis. <P1-S1>  Described by Lewis as lying beneath the land of Narnia, Underland appears mainly in The Silver Chair, where Eustace Scrubb and Jill Pole travel under the ground to reach it in their search for Prince Rilian. <P1-S2>  They find him in Underland and release him from his enchantment by The Lady of the Green Kirtle. <SEP> <P2-S0> Narnia is a fantasy world created by C. S. Lewis as the primary location for his series of seven fantasy novels for children, "The Chronicles of Narnia". <P2-S1>  The world is so called after the country of Narnia, in which much of the action of the Chronicles takes place. <SEP> <P3-S0> The Silver Chair is a high fantasy novel for children by C. S. Lewis, published by Geoffrey Bles in 1953. <P3-S1>  It was the fourth published of seven novels in "The Chronicles of Narnia" (1950–1956); it is volume six in recent editions, which are sequenced according to Narnian history. <P3-S2>  Like the others, it was illustrated by Pauline Baynes and her work has been retained in many later editions.
Question: What group owns the hotel that is set to be demolished in 2020?

<P0-S0> Terren Scott Peizer dubbed the "Zelig of Wall Street" is currently the Chairman of his personal Los Angeles-based investment company, Acuitas Group Holdings (AGH), which in turn owns 100% of Crede Capital Group (CCG) which invests in public companies, and provides growth capital to small and medium-sized enterprises. <P0-S1>  Since its inception in June 2009, CCG has provided companies with capital commitments and funding in excess of $1.2 Billion. <P0-S2>  Besides its ownership of Crede Capital, Acuitas Group owns 72% of Catasys, Inc., a provider of proprietary big data based analytics and predictive modeling driven behavioral health management services for health plans; and owns 100% of NeurMedix, Inc., a biotech company that develops and commercializes disease modifying small molecules to treat neuro-degenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, Migraine disease, Huntington’s disease, ALS, MS, Epilepsy, Traumatic Brain Injury, and Retina disease. <P0-S3>  Peizer is Founder, Chairman of the three Acuitas companies, and is CEO of Catasys, Inc. and Crede Capital Group. <P0-S4>  Having developed a bioscience and healthcare expertise, Peizer’s Crede Capital became the largest shareholder in 22nd Century Group, Inc., a public company that is commercializing bio-plant technology to harm-reduce tobacco, creating very low nicotine and very low tar tobacco products which affect levels of addiction and cancer causing carcinogens. <P0-S5>  On October 1, 2015 New England Journal of Medicine published a landmark study on the company’s very low nicotine spectrum cigarettes. <P0-S6>  In October 2014, Peizer and 22nd Century formed a JV to commercialize the company’s products in China with China National Tobacco Company, the largest tobacco company in the world and the largest monopoly in China. <P0-S7>  China represents over 50% of the worldwide tobacco market. <SEP> <P1-S0> Naumi Hospitality is a hotel owner, operator and property chain, headquartered in Singapore. <P1-S1>  The group is a subsidiary of Hind Development and was founded by Surya Jhunjhnuwala. <P1-S2>  The hotel group owns a number of hotels in Singapore, Australia and New Zealand. <SEP> <P2-S0> Mandarin Oriental Hotel Group (MOHG; ), a member of the Jardine Matheson Group, is an international hotel investment and management group with luxury hotels, resorts and residences in Asia, Europe and the Americas. <SEP> <P3-S0> Mandarin Oriental Manila was a hotel along Makati Avenue in Makati, Metro Manila, Philippines managed by the Mandarin Oriental Hotel Group and was designed by National Artist Leandro Locsin. <P3-S1>  The old building is under demolition stage and a replacement nearby is set to open in 2020.
Question: P. V. Sindhu and Saina Nehwal are the only two Indian athletes to win an Olympic medal in which sport?

<P0-S0> Pusarla Venkata Sindhu (born 5 July 1995) is an Indian professional badminton player, who is currently world no 2 in the BWF World Ranking. <P0-S1>  At the 2016 Summer Olympics, she became the first Indian woman to win an Olympic silver medal. <P0-S2>  She is one of the two Indian badminton players to ever win an Olympic medal – other being Saina Nehwal. <P0-S3>  She was also a silver medalist at the 2017 BWF World Championships and, in 2017, became first Indian ever to win Korea Open Super Series. <SEP> <P1-S0> The Olympic medal table is a method of sorting the medal placements of countries in the modern-day Olympics and Paralympics. <P1-S1>  The International Olympic Committee (IOC) does not officially recognize a ranking of participating countries at the Olympic Games. <P1-S2>  Nevertheless, the IOC does publish medal tallies for information purposes, showing the total number of Olympic medals earned by athletes representing each country's respective National Olympic Committee. <P1-S3>  The convention used by the IOC is to sort by the number of gold medals the athletes from a country have earned. <P1-S4>  In the event of a tie in the number of gold medals, the number of silver medals is taken into consideration, and then the number of bronze medals. <P1-S5>  If two countries have an equal number of gold, silver, and bronze medals, they are ordered in the table alphabetically by their IOC country code. <SEP> <P2-S0> Abeer Abdelrahman Khalil Mahmoud (born 13 June 1992) is an Egyptian weightlifter. <P2-S1>  She was born in Alexandria, Egypt. <P2-S2>  She competed at the 2008 and 2012 Summer Olympics in the -69 kg and -75 kg weight categories, respectively, and finished in fifth place at both Games. <P2-S3>  In 2016, Abdelrahman retroactively became the first Egyptian woman to win an Olympic medal when the original gold, silver, and bronze medal winners were disqualified due to doping. <P2-S4>  Abdelrahman is now the silver medal winner for the 75 kg event in the 2012 Summer Olympics, coming second to Spain's Lidia Velentin. <P2-S5>  The first Egyptian woman to receive her Olympic medal on the podium was Sara Ahmed for her bronze medal performance in the women's 69 kg at the 2016 Summer Olympics. <SEP> <P3-S0> Saina Nehwal (   ; born 17 March 1990) is an Indian professional badminton singles player. <P3-S1>  She is one of the greatest players of her time. <P3-S2>  Nehwal, the former world no. 1 has won over twenty one international titles, which include ten Superseries titles. <P3-S3>  Although she reached to the world no. 2 ranking in 2009, it was only in 2015 that she was able to attain the world no. 1 ranking. <P3-S4>  And thereby becoming the only female player from India and overall the second Indian player – after Prakash Padukone – to achieve this feat. <P3-S5>  She has represented India three times in the Olympics, winning bronze medal in her second appearance.
Question: Which plant's name is derived from the greek for "bee," Melittis or Hovea?

<P0-S0> Hovea pungens, commonly known as devil's pins, is a shrub in the family Fabaceae, native to Western Australia. <P0-S1>  The Noongar name for the plant is buyenak. <SEP> <P1-S0> Melittis melissophyllum is a species of flowering plant in the mint family, Lamiaceae. <P1-S1>  Its common name is bastard balm. <P1-S2>  It is the only species in the monotypic genus Melittis. <P1-S3>  The genus name is derived from the Greek "melitta", which is in turn from "melissa" ("a bee"). <SEP> <P2-S0> Hovea (Purple pea) is a genus of perennial shrubs which are native to Australia. <P2-S1>  Species from this genus are occasionally cultivated as ornamental plants. <P2-S2>  The genus name honours Anton Pantaleon Hove, a Polish plant collector. <SEP> <P3-S0> Ophrys apollonae, the Apollona Bee-orchid, is a very early flowering terrestrial species of orchid native to Greece (Rhodes, Chios and Samos islands) and Turkey (İzmir and Muğla provinces). <P3-S1>  Morphologically similar to "Ophrys omegaifera", but usually with a short stem and with one (more rarely 2) small flowers, with length just above 1 cm. <P3-S2>  This bee orchid's lip is 11.7 - 13.7 mm long, much smaller than that of "Ophrys omegaifera" var. <P3-S3>  "basilissa" which is also a very early plant. <P3-S4>  It is proven that it attracts the bumble bee "Anthophora nigriceps", a different pollinator than "Ophrys omegaifera". <P3-S5>  Other differentiating characteristics include the way in which it holds its flowers horizontally out from the top of the stem. <P3-S6>  Its name is a reference to the village of Apollona which nestles in the Southern foothills of the mountain on which it was discovered and studied.
Question: Who did Holly Dunn record "Daddy's Hands" for?

<P0-S0> "Daddy's Hands" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Holly Dunn. <P0-S1>  It was released in August 1986 as the second single from the album "Holly Dunn". <P0-S2>  The song reached #7 on the "Billboard" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. <SEP> <P1-S0> Holly Dunn is the self-titled debut studio album by American country music artist Holly Dunn, released in 1986 through MTM Records. <P1-S1>  It includes her breakthrough hit, "Daddy's Hands". <SEP> <P2-S0> Holly Suzette Dunn (August 22, 1957 – November 14, 2016) was an American country music singer and songwriter. <P2-S1>  Dunn recorded for MTM Records between 1985 and 1988, Warner Bros. <P2-S2>  Records between 1988 and 1993, and River North Records between 1995 and 1997. <P2-S3>  She released 10 albums and charted 19 singles, plus two duets on the Hot Country Songs charts. <P2-S4>  Two of her single releases, "Are You Ever Gonna Love Me" and "You Really Had Me Going", went to No. 1 on that chart. <P2-S5>  She is also known for her breakthrough hit "Daddy's Hands" and for her 1991 single "Maybe I Mean Yes". <P2-S6>  Dunn's brother, Chris Waters, is a songwriter and record producer, having worked with both his sister and other artists in these capacities. <P2-S7>  Dunn retired from music in 2003, and died of ovarian cancer in 2016. <SEP> <P3-S0> Christopher Waters Dunn, known professionally as Chris Waters is an American singer and songwriter, record producer, and culinary writer. <P3-S1>  He is the brother of country singer Holly Dunn. <P3-S2>  Dunn has written and produced many of his sister's singles, and has written for acts such as Lonestar, Terri Clark, Rhett Akins, and Billy Dean among others.
Question: The amount owed by the federal government of the United States is part of the macroeconomics of a debt ceiling that was created when?

<P0-S0> The national debt of the United States is the amount owed by the federal government of the United States. <P0-S1>  The measure of the public debt is the value of the outstanding Treasury securities at a point of time that have been issued by the Treasury and other federal government agencies. <P0-S2>  The terms national deficit and national surplus usually refer to the federal government budget balance from year to year, not the cumulative total. <P0-S3>  A deficit year increases the debt because more money is spent than is received; a surplus year decreases the debt because more money is received than spent. <SEP> <P1-S0> The history of United States debt ceiling deals with movements in the United States debt ceiling since it was created in 1917. <P1-S1>  Management of the United States public debt is an important part of the macroeconomics of the United States economy and finance system, and the debt ceiling is a limitation on the federal government's ability to manage the economy and finance system. <P1-S2>  The debt ceiling is also a limitation on the federal government's ability to finance government operations, and the failure of Congress to authorise an increase in the debt ceiling has resulted in crises, especially in recent years. <P1-S3>  The debt ceiling has been suspended since October 30, 2015. <SEP> <P2-S0> The proposed Cut, Cap and Balance Act of 2011 (or HR 2560) was a bill put forward in the 112th United States Congress by Republicans during the 2011 U.S. debt ceiling crisis. <P2-S1>  The provisions of the bill included a cut in the total amount of federal government spending, a cap on the level of future spending as a percentage of GDP, and, on the condition that Congress pass certain changes to the U.S. Constitution, an increase in the national debt ceiling to allow the federal government to continue to service its debts. <SEP> <P3-S0> The 2013 United States debt-ceiling crisis centered on the raising of the federal government debt ceiling, and is part of an ongoing political debate in the United States Congress about federal government spending and the national debt. <P3-S1>  The crisis began in January 2013, when the United States reached the debt ceiling of $16.394 trillion that had been enacted following the debt ceiling crisis of 2011.
Question: The longest river on the east coast has a tributary in Scott Township that is approximately how long?

<P0-S0> The Susquehanna River ( ; Lenape: Siskëwahane) is a major river located in the northeastern United States. <P0-S1>  At 464 mi long, it is the longest river on the East Coast of the United States that drains into the Atlantic Ocean, via the Chesapeake Bay. <P0-S2>  With its watershed, it is the 16th-largest river in the United States, and the longest river in the early 21st-century continental United States without commercial boat traffic. <SEP> <P1-S0> Sultan Ahmad Shah II Bridge or Semantan Bridge is the longest highway bridge in the East Coast Expressway network. <P1-S1>  It bridges the Pahang River in Pahang, Malaysia. <P1-S2>  This 700-metre bridge was opened when the East Coast Expressway was built. <P1-S3>  It crosses the Pahang River, the longest river in west Malaysia. <P1-S4>  At the entrance of the bridge there are 2 elephant trunks which symbolize Pahang. <P1-S5>  There also many colorful lights around this bridge. <P1-S6>  This bridge was opened by Sultan of Pahang, Sultan Ahmad Shah on 22 April 2004. <P1-S7>  Near the bridge is the Temerloh Rest and Service Area "(both bound)". <SEP> <P2-S0> Pennsylvania Route 438 (PA 438) is a 10.1 mi state highway located in Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania. <P2-S1>  The western terminus is at U.S. Route 6 (US 6)/US 11 to the north of Dalton in LaPlume. <P2-S2>  The eastern terminus is at PA 247 in the Scott Township community of Montdale. <P2-S3>  PA 438 is a two-lane undivided road that passes through rural land in the northern part of Lackawanna County. <P2-S4>  The route intersects PA 407 in Wallsville and Interstate 81 (I-81) and PA 524 in Scott Township. <P2-S5>  The eastern portion of the route was designated as part of PA 247 in 1928, which was paved by 1930s. <P2-S6>  The western portion of the route was paved in the 1930s. <P2-S7>  PA 247 was shifted to the east in the 1940s, leaving the former alignment unnumbered. <P2-S8>  PA 438 was designated in April 1961 as part of construction of I-81 through northeastern Pennsylvania so that the latter road would interchange with numbered routes through Lackawanna County. <SEP> <P3-S0> Kinney Run, also known as Kinney's Run, is a tributary of the Susquehanna River in Scott Township and Bloomsburg, Columbia County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. <P3-S1>  It is approximately 3.1 mi long. <P3-S2>  Some of the first settlers to the Kinney Run area arrived in 1769. <P3-S3>  There are a number of wetlands and one bog, which is called the Espy Bog, in the stream's watershed.
Question: What position in the Nigerian Army is the appointer of Mahmood Yakubu retired from?

<P0-S0> Muhammadu Buhari {'1': ", '2': ", '3': 'GCFR', '4': "} (born 17 December 1942) is the President of Nigeria, in office since 2015. <P0-S1>  He is a retired major general in the Nigerian Army and previously served as the nation's head of state from 31 December 1983 to 27 August 1985, after taking power in a military "coup d'état". <P0-S2>  The term Buharism is ascribed to the Buhari military government. <SEP> <P1-S0> Major General Raymond Matthew Dumuje (rtd.) <P1-S1>  "OFR, fss, mni, psc, BEM" (June 24, 1929 – May 9, 2008) was a prominent Nigerian Army officer and businessman. <P1-S2>  He became the first Quartermaster general of the Nigerian Army. <P1-S3>  On February 13, 1976, as a Colonel, he was shot and wounded in Ikoyi, Lagos during the failed "Dimka coup" attempt that saw the assassination of the then Military President, General Murtala Ramat Mohammed. <P1-S4>  The history of the Nigerian Armed forces records this particular event as a mistaken identity for Lt-General Olusegun Obasanjo, the then Chief of Staff of the Nigerian Army. <P1-S5>  He was one of very few to have served both in the Nigerian Army and the Nigerian Air Force. <P1-S6>  He was also a prominent indigene of the "Udu clan" in Delta state. <P1-S7>  He retired as the Director General, Nigerian Army, Army Reserve and Recruitment, in January 1984. <SEP> <P2-S0> Mahmood Yakubu is a Nigerian academic and current Chairman of the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC). <P2-S1>  Subject to approval by the Council of State, Mahmood was appointed to office by President Muhammadu Buhari on 21 October 2015, succeeding Amina Zakari, who served as acting chairman. <SEP> <P3-S0> Hassan Katsina (31 March 1933 – 24 July 1995) was a Nigerian Army Major General and son of Usman Nagogo, the Emir of Katsina from 1944 to 1981. <P3-S1>  He was governor of the Northern Region of Nigeria from 1966 to 1967. <P3-S2>  During the Nigerian civil war, he was the Chief of Staff, Army and later became the deputy Chief of Staff, Supreme Headquarters under the administration of General Yakubu Gowon.