winkelee/scaling-down huggingface dataset:
Question: Why did the UK and France get involved with the war against the country where Eduard Rozovsky was educated?

<P0-S0> The Embassy of China in Moscow (Russian: Посольство Китайской Народной Республики в Российской Федерации, Chinese: 中华人民共和国驻俄罗斯联邦大使馆) is the chief diplomatic mission of China in the Russian Federation. <P0-S1> It is located at 6 Druzhby Street () in the Ramenki District of Moscow. <SEP> <P1-S0> Nicholas felt that, because of Russian assistance in suppressing the Hungarian revolution of 1848, Austria would side with him, or at the very least remain neutral. <P1-S1> Austria, however, felt threatened by the Russian troops in the Balkans. <P1-S2> On 27 February 1854, the United Kingdom and France demanded the withdrawal of Russian forces from the principalities; Austria supported them and, though it did not declare war on Russia, it refused to guarantee its neutrality. <P1-S3> Russia's rejection of the ultimatum caused the UK and France to enter the war. <SEP> <P2-S0> Narliev graduated from Moscow's Gerasimov Institute of Cinematography (VGIK) in 1960. <P2-S1> His first film of note was working with director Bulat Mansurov on "The Competition" in 1963, a notable film in the development of Turkmen national cinema. <SEP> <P3-S0> Rozovsky was an alumna of Russian State Institute of Cinematography (VGIK), which is now called the Gerasimov Institute of Cinematography. <P3-S1> His father was Alexander Evseevich Rozovsky, and his mother was Nonna (Anna) Naumovna (née Poliak).He began his career at the Lennauchfilm film studio, where he started as a cameraman. <P3-S2> He then joined Lenfilm studio, where he worked as a cinematographer. <SEP> <P4-S0> brinkmanship is the ostensible escalation of threats to achieve one's aims. <P4-S1> the word was probably coined by adlai stevenson in his criticism of the philosophy described as ``going to the brink ''in an interview with secretary of state john foster dulles under the eisenhower administration, during the cold war. <P4-S2> in an article written in life magazine, john foster dulles then defined his policy of brinkmanship as`` the ability to get to the verge without getting into the war is the necessary art.'' <P4-S3> during the cold war, this was used as a policy by the united states to coerce the soviet union into backing down militarily. <P4-S4> eventually, the threats involved might become so huge as to be unmanageable at which point both sides are likely to back down. <P4-S5> this was the case during the cold war; the escalation of threats of nuclear war, if carried out, are likely to lead to mutually assured destruction. <SEP> <P5-S0> the brandt mle 1935 60-mm mortar () was a company-level indirect-fire weapon of the french army during the second world war. <P5-S1> designed by edgar brandt, it was copied by other countries, such as the united states and china, as well as purchased and built by romania. <P5-S2> the mortar continued to be used by france after the war until at least the 1960s.
Question: How long is the border with the country where the Embassy of China is located in the city where Sergei Vronsky was educated?

<P0-S0> It shares borders of 6,846 kilometres (4,254 mi) with Russia, 2,203 kilometres (1,369 mi) with Uzbekistan, 1,533 kilometres (953 mi) with China, 1,051 kilometres (653 mi) with Kyrgyzstan, and 379 kilometres (235 mi) with Turkmenistan. <P0-S1> Major cities include Nur-Sultan, Almaty, Karagandy, Shymkent, Atyrau, and Oskemen. <P0-S2> It lies between latitudes 40° and 56° N, and longitudes 46° and 88° E. While located primarily in Asia, a small portion of Kazakhstan is also located west of the Urals in Eastern Europe.Kazakhstan's terrain extends west to east from the Caspian Sea to the Altay Mountains and north to south from the plains of Western Siberia to the oases and deserts of Central Asia. <P0-S3> The Kazakh Steppe (plain), with an area of around 804,500 square kilometres (310,600 sq mi), occupies one-third of the country and is the world's largest dry steppe region. <P0-S4> The steppe is characterised by large areas of grasslands and sandy regions. <P0-S5> Major seas, lakes and rivers include the Aral Sea, Lake Balkhash and Lake Zaysan, the Charyn River and gorge and the Ili, Irtysh, Ishim, Ural and Syr Darya rivers. <SEP> <P1-S0> Narliev graduated from Moscow's Gerasimov Institute of Cinematography (VGIK) in 1960. <P1-S1> His first film of note was working with director Bulat Mansurov on "The Competition" in 1963, a notable film in the development of Turkmen national cinema. <SEP> <P2-S0> china shares international borders with 14 sovereign states. <P2-S1> in addition, there is a 30 - km border with the special administrative region of hong kong, which was a british dependency before 1997, and a 3 km border with macau, a portuguese territory until 1999. with a land border of 22,117 kilometres (13,743 mi) in total it also has the longest land border of any country. <SEP> <P3-S0> The Embassy of China in Moscow (Russian: Посольство Китайской Народной Республики в Российской Федерации, Chinese: 中华人民共和国驻俄罗斯联邦大使馆) is the chief diplomatic mission of China in the Russian Federation. <P3-S1> It is located at 6 Druzhby Street () in the Ramenki District of Moscow. <SEP> <P4-S0> Sergei Arkadevich Vronsky (, 3 September 1923 in Rostov-on-Don – June 21, 2003) was a Soviet and Russian cinematographer. <P4-S1> Sergei Vronsky graduated from the Gerasimov Institute of Cinematography in 1953 and worked with Ivan Pyryev and Georgi Daneliya. <P4-S2> He received USSR State Prize in 1981 for the film "Autumn Marathon". <SEP> <P5-S0> dorsa smirnov is a wrinkle ridge system at in eastern mare serenitatis on the moon. <P5-S1> it is 222 km long and was named after soviet geologist sergei sergeevich smirnov by the iau in 1976.
Question: Why did UK and France get involved in the war against the country where the Embassy of China is located in the same city as the university Sergei Vronksy attended?

<P0-S0> Sergei Arkadevich Vronsky (, 3 September 1923 in Rostov-on-Don – June 21, 2003) was a Soviet and Russian cinematographer. <P0-S1> Sergei Vronsky graduated from the Gerasimov Institute of Cinematography in 1953 and worked with Ivan Pyryev and Georgi Daneliya. <P0-S2> He received USSR State Prize in 1981 for the film "Autumn Marathon". <SEP> <P1-S0> dalian university of technology (dut) (), colloquially known in chinese as dàgōng (大工), is a public research university located in dalian (main campus) and panjin in liaoning province, china. <P1-S1> formerly called the dalian institute of technology, dut is renowned as one of the big four institutes of technology in china. <P1-S2> it is a chinese ministry of education class a double first class university, and one of the national key universities administered directly under the ministry of education. <SEP> <P2-S0> Narliev graduated from Moscow's Gerasimov Institute of Cinematography (VGIK) in 1960. <P2-S1> His first film of note was working with director Bulat Mansurov on "The Competition" in 1963, a notable film in the development of Turkmen national cinema. <SEP> <P3-S0> vilnius county () is the largest of the 10 counties of lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city vilnius. <P3-S1> on 1 july 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, vilnius county remains as the territorial and statistical unit. <SEP> <P4-S0> The Embassy of China in Moscow (Russian: Посольство Китайской Народной Республики в Российской Федерации, Chinese: 中华人民共和国驻俄罗斯联邦大使馆) is the chief diplomatic mission of China in the Russian Federation. <P4-S1> It is located at 6 Druzhby Street () in the Ramenki District of Moscow. <SEP> <P5-S0> Nicholas felt that, because of Russian assistance in suppressing the Hungarian revolution of 1848, Austria would side with him, or at the very least remain neutral. <P5-S1> Austria, however, felt threatened by the Russian troops in the Balkans. <P5-S2> On 27 February 1854, the United Kingdom and France demanded the withdrawal of Russian forces from the principalities; Austria supported them and, though it did not declare war on Russia, it refused to guarantee its neutrality. <P5-S3> Russia's rejection of the ultimatum caused the UK and France to enter the war.
Question: The Chechen Republic is in a region of a country containing an Italian Embassy in the city were the Secretary-General of the CPY was murdered. What country borders this region?

<P0-S0> The Embassy of the Republic of Italy in Moscow is the chief diplomatic mission of Italy in the Russian Federation. <P0-S1> It is located at 5 Denezhny Lane () in the Khamovniki District of Moscow. <SEP> <P1-S0> In 1934 the Zagreb Provincial Committee sent Tito to Vienna where all the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia had sought refuge. <P1-S1> He was appointed to the Committee and started to appoint allies to him, among them Edvard Kardelj, Milovan Đilas, Aleksandar Ranković and Boris Kidrič. <P1-S2> In 1935, Tito travelled to the Soviet Union, working for a year in the Balkans section of Comintern. <P1-S3> He was a member of the Soviet Communist Party and the Soviet secret police (NKVD). <P1-S4> Tito was also involved in recruiting for the Dimitrov Battalion, a group of volunteers serving in the Spanish Civil War. <P1-S5> In 1936, the Comintern sent "Comrade Walter" (i.e. <P1-S6> Tito) back to Yugoslavia to purge the Communist Party there. <P1-S7> In 1937, Stalin had the Secretary-General of the CPY, Milan Gorkić, murdered in Moscow. <P1-S8> Subsequently Tito was appointed Secretary-General of the still-outlawed CPY. <SEP> <P2-S0> the terms baltic region, baltic rim countries (or simply baltic rim), and the baltic sea countries refer to slightly different combinations of countries in the general area surrounding the baltic sea in northern europe. <SEP> <P3-S0> vedensky district (; , "vedanan khoşt") is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifteen in the chechen republic, russia. <P3-S1> it is located in the southeast of the republic. <P3-S2> the area of the district is . <P3-S3> its administrative center is the rural locality (a "selo") of vedeno. <P3-S4> population: 23,390 (2002 census); the population of vedeno accounts for 8.7% of the district's total population. <SEP> <P4-S0> Chechen Republic Чеченская Республика (Russian) Нохчийн Республика (Chechen) -- Republic -- Flag Coat of arms Anthem: Shatlak's Song Coordinates: 43 ° 24 ′ N 45 ° 43 ′ E ﻿ / ﻿ 43.400 ° N 45.717 ° E ﻿ / 43.400; 45.717 Coordinates: 43 ° 24 ′ N 45 ° 43 ′ E ﻿ / ﻿ 43.400 ° N 45.717 ° E ﻿ / 43.400; 45.717 Political status Country Russia Federal district North Caucasian Economic region North Caucasus Established January 10, 1993 Capital Grozny Government (as of January 2015) Head Ramzan Kadyrov Legislature Parliament Statistics Area (as of the 2002 Census) Total 17,300 km (6,700 sq mi) Area rank 75th Urban 32.1% Population (January 2016 est.) <P4-S1> Total 1,395,678 Time zone (s) MSK (UTC + 03: 00) ISO 3166 - 2 RU - CE License plates 95 Official languages Russian; Chechen Official website <SEP> <P5-S0> The Vrezh (translated as "Vengeance" from Armenian) is thought to have been an underground militant movement reportedly created by Dashnak leadership in 1989 to fight Azerbaijan and authorities in Northern Caucasus by bombing civilian targets.
Question: What country is located in the region of the nation that has the Embassy of Italy in the city where Deng met his wife, that contains the chechen republic?

<P0-S0> The Embassy of the Republic of Italy in Moscow is the chief diplomatic mission of Italy in the Russian Federation. <P0-S1> It is located at 5 Denezhny Lane () in the Khamovniki District of Moscow. <SEP> <P1-S0> the budyonnovsk hospital hostage crisis took place from 14 june to 19 june 1995, when a group of 80 to 200 chechen separatists led by shamil basayev attacked the southern russian city of budyonnovsk (pop. <P1-S1> 60,000, often spelled budennovsk), some north of the border with the "de facto" independent chechen republic of ichkeria. <P1-S2> the incident resulted in a ceasefire between russia and chechen separatists, and peace talks (which later failed) between russia and the chechens. <SEP> <P2-S0> armenia–singapore relations refers to bilateral foreign relations between the two countries, armenia and singapore. <P2-S1> neither country has a resident ambassador. <P2-S2> the embassy of armenia in beijing, china is accredited to singapore. <P2-S3> singapore has no representation in armenia. <SEP> <P3-S0> Between 1927 and 1929, Deng lived in Shanghai, where he helped organize protests that would be harshly persecuted by the Kuomintang authorities. <P3-S1> The death of many Communist militants in those years led to a decrease in the number of members of the Communist Party, which enabled Deng to quickly move up the ranks. <P3-S2> During this stage in Shanghai, Deng married a woman he met in Moscow, Zhang Xiyuan. <SEP> <P4-S0> The Vrezh (translated as "Vengeance" from Armenian) is thought to have been an underground militant movement reportedly created by Dashnak leadership in 1989 to fight Azerbaijan and authorities in Northern Caucasus by bombing civilian targets. <SEP> <P5-S0> Chechen Republic Чеченская Республика (Russian) Нохчийн Республика (Chechen) -- Republic -- Flag Coat of arms Anthem: Shatlak's Song Coordinates: 43 ° 24 ′ N 45 ° 43 ′ E ﻿ / ﻿ 43.400 ° N 45.717 ° E ﻿ / 43.400; 45.717 Coordinates: 43 ° 24 ′ N 45 ° 43 ′ E ﻿ / ﻿ 43.400 ° N 45.717 ° E ﻿ / 43.400; 45.717 Political status Country Russia Federal district North Caucasian Economic region North Caucasus Established January 10, 1993 Capital Grozny Government (as of January 2015) Head Ramzan Kadyrov Legislature Parliament Statistics Area (as of the 2002 Census) Total 17,300 km (6,700 sq mi) Area rank 75th Urban 32.1% Population (January 2016 est.) <P5-S1> Total 1,395,678 Time zone (s) MSK (UTC + 03: 00) ISO 3166 - 2 RU - CE License plates 95 Official languages Russian; Chechen Official website
Question: From the nations of the region where Descente aux enfers is set, the one with most legal immigrants to Gotham's filming city location has what size in square miles?

<P0-S0> the barque of dante (), sometimes known as dante and virgil in hell ("dante et virgile aux enfers"), is the first major painting by the french artist eugène delacroix, and one of the works signalling a shift in the character of narrative painting from neo-classicism towards the romantic movement. <P0-S1> it was completed for the opening of the salon of 1822 and currently hangs in the musée du louvre, paris. <SEP> <P1-S0> Ecuador, Colombia, Guyana, Peru, and Brazil were the top source countries from South America for legal immigrants to the New York City region in 2013; the Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Haiti, and Trinidad and Tobago in the Caribbean; Egypt, Ghana, and Nigeria from Africa; and El Salvador, Honduras, and Guatemala in Central America. <P1-S1> Amidst a resurgence of Puerto Rican migration to New York City, this population had increased to approximately 1.3 million in the metropolitan area as of 2013. <SEP> <P2-S0> In February 2014, it was reported that production would begin in New York City in March. <P2-S1> Filming for the first season finished on March 24, 2015. <SEP> <P3-S0> sydney is a coastal basin with the tasman sea to the east, the blue mountains to the west, the hawkesbury river to the north, and the woronora plateau to the south. <P3-S1> the inner city measures 25 square kilometres (10 square miles), the greater sydney region covers 12,367 square kilometres (4,775 square miles), and the city's urban area is 1,687 square kilometres (651 square miles) in size. <SEP> <P4-S0> The Dominican Republic (Spanish: República Dominicana (reˈpuβliˌka ðoˌminiˈkana)) is a country located in the island of Hispaniola, in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean region. <P4-S1> It occupies the eastern five - eighths of the island, which it shares with the nation of Haiti, making Hispaniola one of two Caribbean islands, along with Saint Martin, that are shared by two countries. <P4-S2> The Dominican Republic is the second - largest Caribbean nation by area (after Cuba) at 48,445 square kilometers (18,705 sq mi), and third by population with approximately 10 million people, of which approximately three million live in the metropolitan area of Santo Domingo, the capital city. <SEP> <P5-S0> Descente aux enfers ("Descent into Hell") is a 1986 French film directed by Francis Girod. <P5-S1> Based on the 1955 novel 'The Wounded and the Slain' by David Goodis, it is a psychological thriller set under the sun and heat of the Caribbean. <P5-S2> A married couple, she (Sophie Marceau) with a dark secret in her past and he (Claude Brasseur), an author suffering from both writer's block and alcoholism, undergo experiences which strain their relationship to breaking point but in the end, though each will have to live with the consequences, they are reunited.
Question: What country sent the most legal immigrants to the city where Gotham is filmed from the place where Descente aux enfers is located?

<P0-S0> Descente aux enfers ("Descent into Hell") is a 1986 French film directed by Francis Girod. <P0-S1> Based on the 1955 novel 'The Wounded and the Slain' by David Goodis, it is a psychological thriller set under the sun and heat of the Caribbean. <P0-S2> A married couple, she (Sophie Marceau) with a dark secret in her past and he (Claude Brasseur), an author suffering from both writer's block and alcoholism, undergo experiences which strain their relationship to breaking point but in the end, though each will have to live with the consequences, they are reunited. <SEP> <P1-S0> The Dominican Republic (Spanish: República Dominicana (reˈpuβliˌka ðoˌminiˈkana)) is a country located in the island of Hispaniola, in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean region. <P1-S1> It occupies the eastern five - eighths of the island, which it shares with the nation of Haiti, making Hispaniola one of two Caribbean islands, along with Saint Martin, that are shared by two countries. <P1-S2> The Dominican Republic is the second - largest Caribbean nation by area (after Cuba) at 48,445 square kilometers (18,705 sq mi), and third by population with approximately 10 million people, of which approximately three million live in the metropolitan area of Santo Domingo, the capital city. <SEP> <P2-S0> the barque of dante (), sometimes known as dante and virgil in hell ("dante et virgile aux enfers"), is the first major painting by the french artist eugène delacroix, and one of the works signalling a shift in the character of narrative painting from neo-classicism towards the romantic movement. <P2-S1> it was completed for the opening of the salon of 1822 and currently hangs in the musée du louvre, paris. <SEP> <P3-S0> Ecuador, Colombia, Guyana, Peru, and Brazil were the top source countries from South America for legal immigrants to the New York City region in 2013; the Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Haiti, and Trinidad and Tobago in the Caribbean; Egypt, Ghana, and Nigeria from Africa; and El Salvador, Honduras, and Guatemala in Central America. <P3-S1> Amidst a resurgence of Puerto Rican migration to New York City, this population had increased to approximately 1.3 million in the metropolitan area as of 2013. <SEP> <P4-S0> In February 2014, it was reported that production would begin in New York City in March. <P4-S1> Filming for the first season finished on March 24, 2015. <SEP> <P5-S0> aux weekly is a canadian television series that focused on the latest headlines in music and entertainment news. <P5-S1> viewers were given an in depth look into the headlines that matter in the world of music. <P5-S2> hosted by andrew alba, melissa hetu and barry taylor, the show explored musical trends and events from indie rockers to the latest chart toppers. <P5-S3> aux weekly aired on aux. <P5-S4> during its run, aux weekly was the only music-magazine program airing in canada and became a staple for artist interviews and performances.
Question: Country A seized the country containing Al-Berka from the empire that declined after the Crimean War. Country A has what status among European countries?

<P0-S0> As a result of this conflict, the Ottoman Turks ceded the provinces of Tripolitania, Fezzan, and Cyrenaica to Italy. <P0-S1> These provinces together formed what became known as Libya. <SEP> <P1-S0> Al-Berka (Arabic:البركة) is a Basic People's Congress administrative division of Benghazi, Libya. <P1-S1> As of the 2011 Libyan revolution, the area is simply known as a district of Benghazi after the Gaddafi era Basic People's Congresses were disbanded. <SEP> <P2-S0> metal fatigue is a 1996 science fiction novel by sean williams. <P2-S1> it is set in a world after nuclear war where the metropolis of kennedy in the united states has become walled off in order to protect itself from the decline of the rest the country. <SEP> <P3-S0> Francovich v Italy (1991) C-6/90 was a decision of the European Court of Justice which established that European Union member states could be liable to pay compensation to individuals who suffered a loss by reason of the member state's failure to transpose an EU directive into national law. <P3-S1> This principle is sometimes known as the principle of state liability or "the rule in "Francovich"" in European Union law. <SEP> <P4-S0> The Crimean War marked the ascendancy of France to the position of pre-eminent power on the Continent,:411 the continued decline of the Ottoman Empire, and the beginning of a decline for Tsarist Russia. <P4-S1> As Fuller notes, "Russia had been beaten on the Crimean peninsula, and the military feared that it would inevitably be beaten again unless steps were taken to surmount its military weakness." <P4-S2> The Crimean War marks the demise of the Concert of Europe, the balance of power that had dominated Europe since the Congress of Vienna in 1815, and which had included France, Russia, Austria and the United Kingdom. <SEP> <P5-S0> during george's reign the break-up of the british empire and its transition into the commonwealth of nations accelerated. <P5-S1> the parliament of the irish free state removed direct mention of the monarch from the country's constitution on the day of his accession. <P5-S2> from 1939, the empire and commonwealth, except ireland, was at war with nazi germany. <P5-S3> war with italy and japan followed in 1940 and 1941, respectively. <P5-S4> though britain and its allies were ultimately victorious in 1945, the united states and the soviet union rose as pre-eminent world powers and the british empire declined. <P5-S5> after the independence of india and pakistan in 1947, george remained as king of both countries, but the title emperor of india was abandoned in june 1948. ireland formally declared itself a republic and left the commonwealth in 1949, and india became a republic within the commonwealth the following year. <P5-S6> george adopted the new title of head of the commonwealth. <P5-S7> he was beset by health problems in the later years of his reign. <P5-S8> his elder daughter, elizabeth, succeeded him.
Question: What is the most common language spoken in the country that seized the country where Al-Berka is located from the empire that declined after the Crimean War in 1911?

<P0-S0> kolkata, formerly known as calcutta in english, is the capital of the indian state of west bengal and is located in eastern india on the east bank of the river hooghly. <P0-S1> the city was a colonial city developed by the british east india company and then by the british empire. <P0-S2> kolkata was the capital of the british indian empire until 1911 when the capital was relocated to delhi. <P0-S3> kolkata grew rapidly in the 19th century to become the second city of the british indian empire. <P0-S4> this was accompanied by the development of a culture that fused european philosophies with indian tradition. <SEP> <P1-S0> There are approximately 34 living spoken languages and related dialects in Italy, most of which are indigenous evolutions of Vulgar Latin, and thus are classified as Romance languages. <P1-S1> Although they are sometimes referred to as regional languages, there is no uniformity within any Italian region, and speakers from one locale within a region are typically very aware of features that distinguish their local language from the speech of other places nearby. <P1-S2> The official and most widely spoken language is Italian, a descendant of Tuscan. <SEP> <P2-S0> As a result of this conflict, the Ottoman Turks ceded the provinces of Tripolitania, Fezzan, and Cyrenaica to Italy. <P2-S1> These provinces together formed what became known as Libya. <SEP> <P3-S0> togo is a multilingual country. <P3-S1> according to ethnologue, 39 distinct languages are spoken in the country, many of them by communities that number fewer than 100,000 members. <P3-S2> of the 39 languages, the sole official language is french. <P3-S3> two spoken indigenous languages were designated politically as national languages in 1975: ewé (ewe: èʋegbe; french: evé) and kabiyé; they are also the two most widely spoken indigenous languages. <SEP> <P4-S0> Al-Berka (Arabic:البركة) is a Basic People's Congress administrative division of Benghazi, Libya. <P4-S1> As of the 2011 Libyan revolution, the area is simply known as a district of Benghazi after the Gaddafi era Basic People's Congresses were disbanded. <SEP> <P5-S0> The Crimean War marked the ascendancy of France to the position of pre-eminent power on the Continent,:411 the continued decline of the Ottoman Empire, and the beginning of a decline for Tsarist Russia. <P5-S1> As Fuller notes, "Russia had been beaten on the Crimean peninsula, and the military feared that it would inevitably be beaten again unless steps were taken to surmount its military weakness." <P5-S2> The Crimean War marks the demise of the Concert of Europe, the balance of power that had dominated Europe since the Congress of Vienna in 1815, and which had included France, Russia, Austria and the United Kingdom.
Question: From which country is the president of the country that in 1911 seized Al-Berka's country from the empire that declined after the Crimean War?

<P0-S0> As a result of this conflict, the Ottoman Turks ceded the provinces of Tripolitania, Fezzan, and Cyrenaica to Italy. <P0-S1> These provinces together formed what became known as Libya. <SEP> <P1-S0> during george's reign the break-up of the british empire and its transition into the commonwealth of nations accelerated. <P1-S1> the parliament of the irish free state removed direct mention of the monarch from the country's constitution on the day of his accession. <P1-S2> from 1939, the empire and commonwealth, except ireland, was at war with nazi germany. <P1-S3> war with italy and japan followed in 1940 and 1941, respectively. <P1-S4> though britain and its allies were ultimately victorious in 1945, the united states and the soviet union rose as pre-eminent world powers and the british empire declined. <P1-S5> after the independence of india and pakistan in 1947, george remained as king of both countries, but the title emperor of india was abandoned in june 1948. ireland formally declared itself a republic and left the commonwealth in 1949, and india became a republic within the commonwealth the following year. <P1-S6> george adopted the new title of head of the commonwealth. <P1-S7> he was beset by health problems in the later years of his reign. <P1-S8> his elder daughter, elizabeth, succeeded him. <SEP> <P2-S0> In 2007, Italian President Giorgio Napolitano, has awarded the title of Knight of the Order of "Merit of the Italian Republic". <SEP> <P3-S0> The Crimean War marked the ascendancy of France to the position of pre-eminent power on the Continent,:411 the continued decline of the Ottoman Empire, and the beginning of a decline for Tsarist Russia. <P3-S1> As Fuller notes, "Russia had been beaten on the Crimean peninsula, and the military feared that it would inevitably be beaten again unless steps were taken to surmount its military weakness." <P3-S2> The Crimean War marks the demise of the Concert of Europe, the balance of power that had dominated Europe since the Congress of Vienna in 1815, and which had included France, Russia, Austria and the United Kingdom. <SEP> <P4-S0> Al-Berka (Arabic:البركة) is a Basic People's Congress administrative division of Benghazi, Libya. <P4-S1> As of the 2011 Libyan revolution, the area is simply known as a district of Benghazi after the Gaddafi era Basic People's Congresses were disbanded. <SEP> <P5-S0> the crimean people's republic () () existed from december 1917 to january 1918 in the crimean peninsula, a territory currently disputed between the russian federation and ukraine. <P5-S1> crimean people’s republic was the first turkic and muslim democratic republic in the world. <P5-S2> in its founding, the crimean people's republic was one of many short-lived attempts to create new states after the russian revolution of 1917 had caused the russian empire to collapse.
Question: In World War II, when did the country that seized the country where Al-Berka is located in 1911 from the empire that declined after the Crimean War surrender?

<P0-S0> The Crimean War marked the ascendancy of France to the position of pre-eminent power on the Continent,:411 the continued decline of the Ottoman Empire, and the beginning of a decline for Tsarist Russia. <P0-S1> As Fuller notes, "Russia had been beaten on the Crimean peninsula, and the military feared that it would inevitably be beaten again unless steps were taken to surmount its military weakness." <P0-S2> The Crimean War marks the demise of the Concert of Europe, the balance of power that had dominated Europe since the Congress of Vienna in 1815, and which had included France, Russia, Austria and the United Kingdom. <SEP> <P1-S0> Al-Berka (Arabic:البركة) is a Basic People's Congress administrative division of Benghazi, Libya. <P1-S1> As of the 2011 Libyan revolution, the area is simply known as a district of Benghazi after the Gaddafi era Basic People's Congresses were disbanded. <SEP> <P2-S0> the end of world war ii in asia occurred on 14 and 15 august 1945, when armed forces of the empire of japan surrendered to the forces of the allies. <P2-S1> the surrender came over three months after the surrender of the axis forces in europe and brought an end to world war ii. <SEP> <P3-S0> The Armistice of Cassibile was an armistice signed on 3 September 1943 by Walter Bedell Smith and Giuseppe Castellano, and made public on 8 September, between the Kingdom of Italy and the Allies of World War II. <P3-S1> It was signed at a conference of generals from both sides in an Allied military camp at Cassibile in Sicily, which had recently been occupied by the Allies. <P3-S2> The armistice was approved by both King Victor Emmanuel III and Italian Prime Minister Pietro Badoglio. <P3-S3> The armistice stipulated the surrender of Italy to the Allies. <SEP> <P4-S0> As a result of this conflict, the Ottoman Turks ceded the provinces of Tripolitania, Fezzan, and Cyrenaica to Italy. <P4-S1> These provinces together formed what became known as Libya. <SEP> <P5-S0> from childhood, gaddafi was aware of the involvement of european colonialists in libya; his nation was occupied by italy, and during the north african campaign of world war ii it witnessed conflict between italian and british troops. <P5-S1> according to later claims, gaddafi's paternal grandfather, abdessalam bouminyar, was killed by the italian army during the italian invasion of 1911. at world war ii's end in 1945, libya was occupied by british and french forces. <P5-S2> although britain and france intended on dividing the nation between their empires, the general assembly of the united nations (un) declared that the country be granted political independence. <P5-S3> in 1951, the un created the united kingdom of libya, a federal state under the leadership of a pro-western monarch, idris, who banned political parties and established an absolute monarchy.
Question: When did the second world war end in the country the European state seized an area where Al-Berka is from an empire that declined after the Crimean War?

<P0-S0> However Italy's conquests were always heavily contested, both by various insurgencies (most prominently the Greek resistance and Yugoslav partisans) and Allied military forces, which waged the Battle of the Mediterranean throughout and beyond Italy's participation. <P0-S1> Ultimately the Italian empire collapsed after disastrous defeats in the Eastern European and North African campaigns. <P0-S2> In July 1943, following the Allied invasion of Sicily, Benito Mussolini was arrested by order of King Victor Emmanuel III, provoking a civil war. <P0-S3> Italy's military outside of the peninsula itself collapsed, its occupied and annexed territories falling under German control. <P0-S4> Italy surrendered to the Allies at the end of the Italian Campaign. <SEP> <P1-S0> As a result of this conflict, the Ottoman Turks ceded the provinces of Tripolitania, Fezzan, and Cyrenaica to Italy. <P1-S1> These provinces together formed what became known as Libya. <SEP> <P2-S0> Al-Berka (Arabic:البركة) is a Basic People's Congress administrative division of Benghazi, Libya. <P2-S1> As of the 2011 Libyan revolution, the area is simply known as a district of Benghazi after the Gaddafi era Basic People's Congresses were disbanded. <SEP> <P3-S0> the end of world war ii in asia occurred on 14 and 15 august 1945, when armed forces of the empire of japan surrendered to the forces of the allies. <P3-S1> the surrender came over three months after the surrender of the axis forces in europe and brought an end to world war ii. <SEP> <P4-S0> the crimean war (1853–1856) was part of a long-running contest between the major european powers for influence over territories of the declining ottoman empire. <P4-S1> the financial burden of the war led the ottoman state to issue foreign loans amounting to 5 million pounds sterling on 4 august 1854. the war caused an exodus of the crimean tatars, about 200,000 of whom moved to the ottoman empire in continuing waves of emigration. <P4-S2> toward the end of the caucasian wars, 90% of the circassians were ethnically cleansed and exiled from their homelands in the caucasus and fled to the ottoman empire, resulting in the settlement of 500,000 to 700,000 circassians in turkey. <P4-S3> [page needed] some circassian organisations give much higher numbers, totaling 1–1.5 million deported or killed. <SEP> <P5-S0> The Crimean War marked the ascendancy of France to the position of pre-eminent power on the Continent,:411 the continued decline of the Ottoman Empire, and the beginning of a decline for Tsarist Russia. <P5-S1> As Fuller notes, "Russia had been beaten on the Crimean peninsula, and the military feared that it would inevitably be beaten again unless steps were taken to surmount its military weakness." <P5-S2> The Crimean War marks the demise of the Concert of Europe, the balance of power that had dominated Europe since the Congress of Vienna in 1815, and which had included France, Russia, Austria and the United Kingdom.
Question: From what country is the president of the country that seized Al-Berka's country in 1911 from the empire against which the Gallipoli Campaign was fought?

<P0-S0> courtney's and steel's post cemetery is a commonwealth war graves commission cemetery located near anzac cove on the gallipoli peninsula in turkey. <P0-S1> it contains the graves of some of the former british empire troops who died during the gallipoli campaign. <SEP> <P1-S0> As a result of this conflict, the Ottoman Turks ceded the provinces of Tripolitania, Fezzan, and Cyrenaica to Italy. <P1-S1> These provinces together formed what became known as Libya. <SEP> <P2-S0> the kokoda track campaign or kokoda trail campaign was part of the pacific war of world war ii. <P2-S1> the campaign consisted of a series of battles fought between july and november 1942 in what was then the australian territory of papua. <P2-S2> it was primarily a land battle, between the japanese south seas detachment under major general tomitarō horii and australian and papuan land forces. <P2-S3> the japanese objective was to seize port moresby by an overland advance from the north coast, following the kokoda track over the mountains of the owen stanley range, as part of a strategy to isolate australia from the united states. <SEP> <P3-S0> The British declaration of war on Germany and its allies also committed the colonies and Dominions, which provided invaluable military, financial and material support. <P3-S1> Over 2.5 million men served in the armies of the Dominions, as well as many thousands of volunteers from the Crown colonies. <P3-S2> The contributions of Australian and New Zealand troops during the 1915 Gallipoli Campaign against the Ottoman Empire had a great impact on the national consciousness at home, and marked a watershed in the transition of Australia and New Zealand from colonies to nations in their own right. <P3-S3> The countries continue to commemorate this occasion on Anzac Day. <P3-S4> Canadians viewed the Battle of Vimy Ridge in a similar light. <P3-S5> The important contribution of the Dominions to the war effort was recognised in 1917 by the British Prime Minister David Lloyd George when he invited each of the Dominion Prime Ministers to join an Imperial War Cabinet to co-ordinate imperial policy. <SEP> <P4-S0> Al-Berka (Arabic:البركة) is a Basic People's Congress administrative division of Benghazi, Libya. <P4-S1> As of the 2011 Libyan revolution, the area is simply known as a district of Benghazi after the Gaddafi era Basic People's Congresses were disbanded. <SEP> <P5-S0> In 2007, Italian President Giorgio Napolitano, has awarded the title of Knight of the Order of "Merit of the Italian Republic".
Question: What other system is used in the colonial holding in the continent where Aruba is located that was governed by the country where the Modicus team is based?

<P0-S0> Although the royal family returned to Portugal in 1821, the interlude led to a growing desire for independence amongst Brazilians. <P0-S1> In 1822, the son of Dom João VI, then prince - regent Dom Pedro I, proclaimed the independence of Brazil on September 7, 1822, and was crowned Emperor of the new Empire of Brazil. <P0-S2> Unlike the Spanish colonies of South America, Brazil's independence was achieved without significant bloodshed. <SEP> <P1-S0> The culture of Aruba, one of the many islands that make up the Caribbean, is an amalgamate of the various cultures that have occupied and lived on the island, including indigenous peoples of South America, descendants of African slaves, and Spanish and Dutch colonialists. <SEP> <P2-S0> Movimento Dinâmico e Cultural de Sandim Is an amateur futsal team based in Sandim, Portugal. <P2-S1> It plays in Portuguese Futsal First Division. <SEP> <P3-S0> In Brazil, the fall of the monarchy in 1889 by a military coup d'état led to the rise of the presidential system, headed by Deodoro da Fonseca. <P3-S1> Aided by well-known jurist Ruy Barbosa, Fonseca established federalism in Brazil by decree, but this system of government would be confirmed by every Brazilian constitution since 1891, although some of them would distort some of the federalist principles. <P3-S2> The 1937 Constitution, for example, granted the federal government the authority to appoint State Governors (called interventors) at will, thus centralizing power in the hands of President Getúlio Vargas. <P3-S3> Brazil also uses the Fonseca system to regulate interstate trade. <P3-S4> Brazil is one of the biggest federal governments. <SEP> <P4-S0> ewald "wally" warning (born in aruba, netherlands antilles) is a roots, reggae, ragga, gospel and latin singer living in munich, germany. <P4-S1> he is the son of surinamese parents. <P4-S2> at the age of 17 he moved from aruba to the netherlands, where he had a hit single with "the world needs love" in the early 1980s and around 1990 to germany. <P4-S3> he put his singing career on hold while he played bass guitar in touring bands with sam & dave and lightnin' hopkins, but restarted his solo career in the 2000s. <P4-S4> he reached a broad audience when he produced and sang the radio summer hit "no monkey". <P4-S5> the song reached the top thirty in both austria and germany. <SEP> <P5-S0> after world war ii, the international financial system was governed by a formal agreement, the bretton woods system. <P5-S1> under this system the united states dollar was placed deliberately as the anchor of the system, with the us government guaranteeing other central banks that they could sell their us dollar reserves at a fixed rate for gold.
Question: What is the capital of the colonial holding in the continent Aruba is located that was governed by the country Modicus is located?

<P0-S0> Central do Brasil () is a major train station in the Brazilian city of Rio de Janeiro. <P0-S1> It is the last stop of Rio's railway network, as well as a hub for connection with the city subway and a bus station. <P0-S2> Central do Brasil was also a preeminent stop in the interstate Central do Brasil railroad, which did link Rio de Janeiro with São Paulo and Minas Gerais, though the railroad is now deactivated. <P0-S3> The station is located in downtown Rio de Janeiro, along the Avenida Presidente Vargas and across from the Campo de Santana park. <SEP> <P1-S0> Although the royal family returned to Portugal in 1821, the interlude led to a growing desire for independence amongst Brazilians. <P1-S1> In 1822, the son of Dom João VI, then prince - regent Dom Pedro I, proclaimed the independence of Brazil on September 7, 1822, and was crowned Emperor of the new Empire of Brazil. <P1-S2> Unlike the Spanish colonies of South America, Brazil's independence was achieved without significant bloodshed. <SEP> <P2-S0> Movimento Dinâmico e Cultural de Sandim Is an amateur futsal team based in Sandim, Portugal. <P2-S1> It plays in Portuguese Futsal First Division. <SEP> <P3-S0> sri dalada maligawa or the temple of the sacred tooth relic is a buddhist temple in the city of kandy, sri lanka. <P3-S1> it is located in the royal palace complex of the former kingdom of kandy, which houses the relic of the tooth of the buddha. <P3-S2> since ancient times, the relic has played an important role in local politics because it is believed that whoever holds the relic holds the governance of the country. <P3-S3> kandy was the last capital of the sri lankan kings and is a world heritage site mainly due to the temple. <SEP> <P4-S0> ohordua is a town in esan south east local government area, edo state, nigeria. <P4-S1> it is located about 193 mi (310 km) southwest of abuja, the country's capital town. <SEP> <P5-S0> The culture of Aruba, one of the many islands that make up the Caribbean, is an amalgamate of the various cultures that have occupied and lived on the island, including indigenous peoples of South America, descendants of African slaves, and Spanish and Dutch colonialists.
Question: Where in the colonial holding in the continent Aruba is located that was governed by the country Modicus is located are most of the German descendants located?

<P0-S0> the amigoe is a dutch-language daily newspaper with editorials in curaçao and whose audience are the peoples of the former netherlands antilles, specifically curaçao and aruba. <P0-S1> the newspaper is one of the most widely read dailies in aruba. <SEP> <P1-S0> Although the royal family returned to Portugal in 1821, the interlude led to a growing desire for independence amongst Brazilians. <P1-S1> In 1822, the son of Dom João VI, then prince - regent Dom Pedro I, proclaimed the independence of Brazil on September 7, 1822, and was crowned Emperor of the new Empire of Brazil. <P1-S2> Unlike the Spanish colonies of South America, Brazil's independence was achieved without significant bloodshed. <SEP> <P2-S0> The culture of Aruba, one of the many islands that make up the Caribbean, is an amalgamate of the various cultures that have occupied and lived on the island, including indigenous peoples of South America, descendants of African slaves, and Spanish and Dutch colonialists. <SEP> <P3-S0> Of approximately 100 million native speakers of German in the world, roughly 80 million consider themselves Germans. <P3-S1> [citation needed] There are an additional 80 million people of German ancestry mainly in the United States, Brazil (mainly in the South Region of the country), Argentina, Canada, South Africa, the post-Soviet states (mainly in Russia and Kazakhstan), and France, each accounting for at least 1 million. <P3-S2> [note 2] Thus, the total number of Germans lies somewhere between 100 and more than 150 million, depending on the criteria applied (native speakers, single-ancestry ethnic Germans, partial German ancestry, etc. <P3-S3> ). <SEP> <P4-S0> Movimento Dinâmico e Cultural de Sandim Is an amateur futsal team based in Sandim, Portugal. <P4-S1> It plays in Portuguese Futsal First Division. <SEP> <P5-S0> sri dalada maligawa or the temple of the sacred tooth relic is a buddhist temple in the city of kandy, sri lanka. <P5-S1> it is located in the royal palace complex of the former kingdom of kandy, which houses the relic of the tooth of the buddha. <P5-S2> since ancient times, the relic has played an important role in local politics because it is believed that whoever holds the relic holds the governance of the country. <P5-S3> kandy was the last capital of the sri lankan kings and is a world heritage site mainly due to the temple.