Question: When WWII started, who led the European state which seized the country Al-Berka is located in from the empire that declined following the Crimean War?

<P0-S0> from childhood, gaddafi was aware of the involvement of european colonialists in libya; his nation was occupied by italy, and during the north african campaign of world war ii it witnessed conflict between italian and british troops. <P0-S1> according to later claims, gaddafi's paternal grandfather, abdessalam bouminyar, was killed by the italian army during the italian invasion of 1911. at world war ii's end in 1945, libya was occupied by british and french forces. <P0-S2> although britain and france intended on dividing the nation between their empires, the general assembly of the united nations (un) declared that the country be granted political independence. <P0-S3> in 1951, the un created the united kingdom of libya, a federal state under the leadership of a pro-western monarch, idris, who banned political parties and established an absolute monarchy. <SEP> <P1-S0> the crimean war (1853–1856) was part of a long-running contest between the major european powers for influence over territories of the declining ottoman empire. <P1-S1> the financial burden of the war led the ottoman state to issue foreign loans amounting to 5 million pounds sterling on 4 august 1854. the war caused an exodus of the crimean tatars, about 200,000 of whom moved to the ottoman empire in continuing waves of emigration. <P1-S2> toward the end of the caucasian wars, 90% of the circassians were ethnically cleansed and exiled from their homelands in the caucasus and fled to the ottoman empire, resulting in the settlement of 500,000 to 700,000 circassians in turkey. <P1-S3> [page needed] some circassian organisations give much higher numbers, totaling 1–1.5 million deported or killed. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Crimean War marked the ascendancy of France to the position of pre-eminent power on the Continent,:411 the continued decline of the Ottoman Empire, and the beginning of a decline for Tsarist Russia. <P2-S1> As Fuller notes, "Russia had been beaten on the Crimean peninsula, and the military feared that it would inevitably be beaten again unless steps were taken to surmount its military weakness." <P2-S2> The Crimean War marks the demise of the Concert of Europe, the balance of power that had dominated Europe since the Congress of Vienna in 1815, and which had included France, Russia, Austria and the United Kingdom. <SEP> <P3-S0> As a result of this conflict, the Ottoman Turks ceded the provinces of Tripolitania, Fezzan, and Cyrenaica to Italy. <P3-S1> These provinces together formed what became known as Libya. <SEP> <P4-S0> The Nazi regime under Adolf Hitler came to power in 1933, and along with Mussolini's Italy sought to gain control of the continent by the Second World War. <P4-S1> Following the Allied victory in the Second World War, Europe was divided by the Iron Curtain. <P4-S2> The countries in Southeastern Europe were dominated by the Soviet Union and became communist states. <P4-S3> The major non-communist Southern European countries joined a US-led military alliance (NATO) and formed the European Economic Community amongst themselves. <P4-S4> The countries in the Soviet sphere of influence joined the military alliance known as the Warsaw Pact and the economic bloc called Comecon. <P4-S5> Yugoslavia was neutal. <SEP> <P5-S0> Al-Berka (Arabic:البركة) is a Basic People's Congress administrative division of Benghazi, Libya. <P5-S1> As of the 2011 Libyan revolution, the area is simply known as a district of Benghazi after the Gaddafi era Basic People's Congresses were disbanded.