Question: Who was the mother of the person under whom the empire that, in the 1st century BC, colonized the country with extensive trade relations with the Hittites reached its greatest extent?

<P0-S0> iran is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the proto-elamite and elamite kingdoms in 3200–2800 bc. <P0-S1> the iranian medes unified the area into the first of many empires in 625 bc, after which it became the dominant cultural and political power in the region. <P0-S2> iran reached the pinnacle of its power during the achaemenid empire founded by cyrus the great in 550 bc, which at its greatest extent comprised major portions of the ancient world, stretching from parts of the balkans (thrace-macedonia, bulgaria-paeonia) and eastern europe proper in the west, to the indus valley in the east, making it the largest empire the world had yet seen. <P0-S3> the empire collapsed in 330 bc following the conquests of alexander the great. <P0-S4> the parthian empire emerged from the ashes and was succeeded by the sassanid dynasty in 224 ad, under which iran again became one of the leading powers in the world, along with the roman-byzantine empire, for a period of more than four centuries. <SEP> <P1-S0> the maurya empire (322–185 bce) was the first empire to unify india into one state, and was the largest on the indian subcontinent. <P1-S1> at its greatest extent, the mauryan empire stretched to the north up to the natural boundaries of the himalayas and to the east into what is now assam. <P1-S2> to the west, it reached beyond modern pakistan, to the hindu kush mountains in what is now afghanistan. <P1-S3> the empire was established by chandragupta maurya in magadha (in modern bihar) when he overthrew the nanda dynasty. <P1-S4> chandragupta's son bindusara succeeded to the throne around 297 bc. <P1-S5> by the time he died in c. 272 bc, a large part of the subcontinent was under mauryan suzerainty. <P1-S6> however, the region of kalinga (around modern day odisha) remained outside mauryan control, perhaps interfering with their trade with the south. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Egyptian -- Hittite peace treaty, also known as the Eternal Treaty or the Silver Treaty, is the only ancient Near Eastern treaty for which both sides' versions have survived. <P2-S1> It is sometimes called the Treaty of Kadesh after the well - documented Battle of Kadesh fought some sixteen years earlier, although Kadesh is not mentioned in the text. <P2-S2> Both sides of the treaty have been the subject of intensive scholarly study. <P2-S3> The treaty itself did not bring about a peace; in fact ``an atmosphere of enmity between Hatti and Egypt lasted many years, ''until the eventual treaty of alliance was signed. <SEP> <P3-S0> Marcus Ulpius Traianus was born on 18 September 53AD in the Roman province of Hispania Baetica (in what is now Andalusia in modern Spain), in the city of Italica (now in the municipal area of Santiponce, in the outskirts of Seville). <P3-S1> Although frequently designated the first provincial emperor, and dismissed by later writers such as Cassius Dio (himself of provincial origin) as "an Iberian, and neither an Italian nor even an Italiot", Trajan appears to have hailed on his father's side from the area of Tuder (modern Todi) in Umbria, at the border with Etruria, and on his mother's side from the Gens Marcia, of an Italic family of Sabine origin. <P3-S2> Trajan's birthplace of Italica was founded as a Roman military colony of "Italian" settlers in 206BC, though it is unknown when the Ulpii arrived there. <P3-S3> It is possible, but cannot be substantiated, that Trajan's ancestors married local women and lost their citizenship at some point, but they certainly recovered their status when the city became a municipium with Latin citizenship in the mid-1st century BC. <SEP> <P4-S0> In 332 BC, Macedonian ruler Alexander the Great conquered Egypt as he toppled the Achaemenids and established the Hellenistic Ptolemaic Kingdom, whose first ruler was one of Alexander's former generals, Ptolemy I Soter. <P4-S1> The Ptolemies had to fight native rebellions and were involved in foreign and civil wars that led to the decline of the kingdom and its final annexation by Rome. <P4-S2> The death of Cleopatra ended the nominal independence of Egypt resulting in Egypt becoming one of the provinces of the Roman Empire. <SEP> <P5-S0> The imperial period of Rome lasted approximately 1,500 years compared to the 500 years of the Republican era. <P5-S1> The first two centuries of the empire's existence were a period of unprecedented political stability and prosperity known as the Pax Romana, or ``Roman Peace ''. <P5-S2> Following Octavian's victory, the size of the empire was dramatically increased. <P5-S3> After the assassination of Caligula in AD 41, the Senate briefly considered restoring the republic, but the Praetorian Guard proclaimed Claudius emperor instead. <P5-S4> Under Claudius, the empire invaded Britannia, its first major expansion since Augustus. <P5-S5> After Claudius' successor, Nero, committed suicide in AD 68, the empire suffered a series of brief civil wars, as well as a concurrent major rebellion in Judea, during which four different legionary generals were proclaimed emperor. <P5-S6> Vespasian emerged triumphant in AD 69, establishing the Flavian dynasty, before being succeeded by his son Titus, who opened the Colosseum shortly after the eruption of Mount Vesuvius. <P5-S7> His short reign was followed by the long reign of his brother Domitian, who was eventually assassinated. <P5-S8> The Senate then appointed the first of the Five Good Emperors. <P5-S9> The empire reached its greatest extent under Trajan, the second in this line.