Question: when did the colonizer of Nigeria take control of the country where the most Australopithecus have been found?

<P0-S0> the monroe doctrine was a united states policy of opposing european colonialism in the americas beginning in 1823. it stated that further efforts by european nations to take control of any independent state in north or south america would be viewed as ``the manifestation of an unfriendly disposition toward the united states. <P0-S1> ''at the same time, the doctrine noted that the u.s. would recognize and not interfere with existing european colonies nor meddle in the internal concerns of european countries. <P0-S2> the doctrine was issued on december 2, 1823 at a time when nearly all latin american colonies of spain and portugal had achieved, or were at the point of gaining, independence from the portuguese and spanish empires. <SEP> <P1-S0> Then, in 1997, an almost complete Australopithecus skeleton with skull was found in the Sterkfontein caves of Gauteng, South Africa. <P1-S1> It is now called ``Little Foot ''and it is probably around three million years old. <P1-S2> It was named Australopithecus prometheus which has since been placed within A. africanus. <P1-S3> Other fossil remains found in the same cave in 2008 were named Australopithecus sediba, which lived 1.9 million years ago. <P1-S4> A. africanus probably evolved into A. sediba, which some scientists think may have evolved into H. erectus, though this is heavily disputed. <SEP> <P2-S0> In 1914, the area was formally united as the Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria. <P2-S1> Administratively, Nigeria remained divided into the Northern and Southern Provinces and Lagos Colony. <P2-S2> Western education and the development of a modern economy proceeded more rapidly in the south than in the north, with consequences felt in Nigeria's political life ever since. <P2-S3> Following World War II, in response to the growth of Nigerian nationalism and demands for independence, successive constitutions legislated by the British Government moved Nigeria toward self - government on a representative and increasingly federal basis. <P2-S4> On 1 October 1954, the colony became the autonomous Federation of Nigeria. <P2-S5> By the middle of the 20th century, the great wave for independence was sweeping across Africa. <P2-S6> On 27 October 1958 Britain agreed that Nigeria would become an independent state on 1 October 1960. <SEP> <P3-S0> Following the defeat of the Boers in the Anglo - Boer or South African War (1899 -- 1902), the Union of South Africa was created as a dominion of the British Empire in terms of the South Africa Act 1909, which amalgamated the four previously separate British colonies: Cape Colony, Natal Colony, Transvaal Colony, and Orange River Colony. <P3-S1> The country became a self - governing nation state within the British Empire, in 1934 following enactment of the Status of the Union Act. <P3-S2> The dominion came to an end on 31 May 1961 as the consequence of a 1960 referendum, which legitimised the country becoming a sovereign state named Republic of South Africa. <P3-S3> A republican constitution was adopted. <SEP> <P4-S0> nigerian nationalism asserts that nigerians are a nation and promotes the cultural unity of nigerians. <P4-S1> nigerian nationalism is a territorial nationalism, emphasizing a cultural connection of the people to the land -- in particular the niger and benue rivers. <P4-S2> it first emerged in the 1920s under the influence of herbert macaulay who is considered the founder of nigerian nationalism. <P4-S3> it was founded because of the belief in the necessity for the people living in the british colony of nigeria of multiple backgrounds to unite as one people in order to be able to resist colonialism. <P4-S4> the people of nigeria came together as they recognized the discrepancies of british policy. <P4-S5> ``the problem of ethnic nationalism in nigeria came with the advent of colonialism. <P4-S6> this happened when disparate, autonomous, heterogeneous and sub - national groups were merged together to form a nation. <P4-S7> again, the colonialists created structural imbalances within the nation in terms of socio - economic projects, social development and establishment of administrative centres. <P4-S8> this imbalance deepened the antipathies between the various ethnic nationalities in nigeria (nnoli, 1980; y oung, 1993 and aluko, 1998). <P4-S9> ''the nigerian nationalists' goal of achieving an independent sovereign state of nigeria was achieved in 1960 when nigeria declared its independence and british colonial rule ended. <P4-S10> nigeria's government has sought to unify the various peoples and regions of nigeria since the country's independence in 1960.