Question: Barbara Herman is a well-known interpreter of a deontological ethical theory that was ascribed to which German philosopher?

<P0-S0> The ethics of care (alternatively care ethics or EoC) is a normative ethical theory that holds interpersonal relationships and care or benevolence as a virtue as central to moral action. <P0-S1>  It is one of a cluster of normative ethical theories that were developed by feminists in the second half of the twentieth century. <P0-S2>  While consequentialist and deontological ethical theories emphasize universal standards and impartiality, ethics of care emphasize the importance of response. <P0-S3>  The shift in moral perspective is manifested by a change in the moral question from "what is just?" <P0-S4>  to "how to respond?" <P0-S5> . <P0-S6>  Ethics of care criticize application of universal standards as "morally problematic, since it breeds moral blindness or indifference." <SEP> <P1-S0> Barbara Herman (born May 9, 1945) is the Griffin Professor of Philosophy and Professor of Law at the University of California, Los Angeles Department of Philosophy. <P1-S1>  A well-known interpreter of Kant's ethics, Herman works on moral philosophy, the history of ethics, and social and political philosophy. <P1-S2>  Among her many honors and awards include a Guggenheim Fellowship (1985-1986) and election to the American Academy of Arts & Sciences (1995). <SEP> <P2-S0> Ethical theory in Greek culture predates philosophical reflection. <P2-S1>  The main ethical category for ancient Greeks was aretē, which is usually translated into English as "virtue" but sometimes as "excellence," which is closer in meaning. <P2-S2>  Aretē means an excellence of strength or ability, and is ultimately bound up with the notion of the fulfillment of purpose or function: the act of living up to one's full potential. <P2-S3>  The objective of a successful life was attaining timē, or honor. <P2-S4>  Also an important concept in Greek culture was that of hybris, trying to go beyond one's possibilities. <P2-S5>  The literary source of this folk ethical theory can be seen in Homer, Greek tragedy and also Aesop's fables. <SEP> <P3-S0> Kantian ethics refers to a deontological ethical theory ascribed to the German philosopher Immanuel Kant. <P3-S1>  The theory, developed as a result of Enlightenment rationalism, is based on the view that the only intrinsically good thing is a good will; an action can only be good if its maximthe principle behind itis duty to the moral law. <P3-S2>  Central to Kant's construction of the moral law is the categorical imperative, which acts on all people, regardless of their interests or desires. <P3-S3>  Kant formulated the categorical imperative in various ways. <P3-S4>  His principle of universalizability requires that, for an action to be permissible, it must be possible to apply it to all people without a contradiction occurring. <P3-S5>  His formulation of humanity as an end in itself requires that humans are never treated merely as a means to an end, but always also as ends in themselves. <P3-S6>  The formulation of autonomy concludes that rational agents are bound to the moral law by their own will, while Kant's concept of the Kingdom of Ends requires that people act as if the principles of their actions establish a law for a hypothetical kingdom. <P3-S7>  Kant also distinguished between perfect and imperfect duties. <P3-S8>  A perfect duty, such as the duty not to lie, always holds true; an imperfect duty, such as the duty to give to charity, can be made flexible and applied in particular time and place.