winkelee/scaling-down huggingface dataset:
Question: Which genus of flowering plants contains more species, Scaevola or Goldenrod (Solidago)?

<P0-S0> Solidago rugosa, the wrinkleleaf goldenrod or rough-stemmed goldenrod, is a North American species of flowering plants in the sunflower family. <P0-S1>  It is widespread across eastern and central Canada (from Newfoundland to Ontario) and the eastern and central United States (Maine west as far as Wisconsin and Iowa, south to Florida and Texas). <SEP> <P1-S0> Solidago uliginosa, or bog goldenrod, is a North American species of flowering plants in the sunflower family. <P1-S1>  It is found in eastern Canada (from Nunavut to Newfoundland and Manitoba) and the eastern United States (Great Lakes, Northeast, and Appalachian Mountains as far south as northeastern Georgia. <P1-S2>  There are historical reports of the species growing in Alabama, but these populations appear now to have been extirpated). <SEP> <P2-S0> Scaevola is a genus of flowering plants in the "Goodenia" family, Goodeniaceae. <P2-S1>  It consists of more than 130 tropical species, with the center of diversity being Australia and Polynesia. <SEP> <P3-S0> Solidago, commonly called goldenrods, is a genus of about 100 to 120 species of flowering plants in the aster family, Asteraceae. <P3-S1>  Most are herbaceous perennial species found in open areas such as meadows, prairies, and savannas. <P3-S2>  They are mostly native to North America, including Mexico; a few species are native to South America and Eurasia. <P3-S3>  Some American species have also been introduced into Europe and other parts of the world.
Question: What is the nationality of UFOlogist who is credited with being among the first to claim contact with Nordic aliens in the mid 1950s?

<P0-S0> Nam Suk Lee (June 28, 1925 – August 29, 2000) born in the city of Yeo Joo, is credited with co-founding the traditional Korean martial art of Chang Moo Kwan in the mid-1940s, and then promoting and expanding it globally. <P0-S1>  Chang Moo Kwan was one of the five original Kwans which became Tae Kwon Do in the mid 1950s. <P0-S2>  In his later life Nam Suk Lee was to make the seaside community of San Pedro, California his home, where he reestablished his traditional roots in Chang Moo Kwan. <P0-S3>  He was 75 and still actively teaching Chang Moo Kwan through the San Pedro YMCA. <P0-S4>  Nam Suk Lee died in the neighboring Southern California community of Torrance on August 29, 2000, due to a stroke. <SEP> <P1-S0> The Aliens Restriction (Amendment) Act 1919 (9 & 10 Geo 5 c 92) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom originally aimed at continuing and extending the provisions of the Aliens Restriction Act 1914 and the British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914 and to deal with former enemy aliens after the end of the First World War. <SEP> <P2-S0> In UFOlogy, Nordic aliens are humanoid extraterrestrials purported to come from the Pleiades who resemble Nordic-Scandinavians. <P2-S1>  Professed contactees describe them as typically male, six to seven feet tall (about two meters) with long blonde hair, blue eyes, and skin tones ranging from fair to tanned. <P2-S2>  UFOlogist George Adamski is credited with being among the first to claim contact with Nordic aliens in the mid 1950s, and scholars note the mythology of extraterrestrial visitation from beings with features described as Aryan often include claims of telepathy, benevolence, and physical beauty. <SEP> <P3-S0> George Adamski (17 April 1891 – 23 April 1965) was a Polish American citizen who became widely known in ufology circles, and to some degree in popular culture, after he claimed to have photographed spaceships from other planets, met with friendly Nordic alien Space Brothers, and to have taken flights with them to the Moon and other planets.
Question: Vincent Paul Young Jr.was named NFL Comeback Player of the Year by an American sports website and former print magazine that aquired what nickname?

<P0-S0> Joseph T. Johnson (born July 11, 1972) is a former American football defensive end in the National Football League for the New Orleans Saints and the Green Bay Packers. <P0-S1>  In the 1994 NFL draft, he was selected by the Saints in the first round (13th overall). <P0-S2>  He was elected to the Pro Bowl during the 1998-1999, and 2000-2001 NFL seasons and named the NFL Comeback Player of the Year in 2000. <P0-S3>  He was a standout at the University of Louisville. <SEP> <P1-S0> Vincent Paul Young Jr. (born May 18, 1983) is an American football quarterback who is currently a free agent. <P1-S1>  Young played in the National Football League (NFL) for six seasons. <P1-S2>  Young was drafted by the Tennessee Titans with the third overall pick in the 2006 NFL Draft. <P1-S3>  He spent the first five seasons of his career with the Titans. <P1-S4>  In his rookie season, Young was named the NFL Offensive Rookie of the Year and was named to the AFC Pro Bowl team as a reserve. <P1-S5>  In 2009, Young earned his second Pro Bowl selection and was named "Sporting News" NFL Comeback Player of the Year. <SEP> <P2-S0> Sporting News, originally The Sporting News (TSN), is an American sports website and former print magazine. <P2-S1>  It was established in 1886, and it became the dominant American publication covering baseball—so much so that it acquired the nickname "The Bible of Baseball." <P2-S2>  It is currently owned by Sporting News Media. <SEP> <P3-S0> Animation Magazine is an American print magazine and website covering the animation industry and education, as well as visual effects. <P3-S1>  The print magazine is published 10 times a year in the United States.
Question: Miner Memorial Library is the public library in a town with a population of what at the 2010 census?

<P0-S0> Lempster is a town in Sullivan County, New Hampshire, United States. <P0-S1>  The population was 1,154 at the 2010 census. <P0-S2>  Settlements include the town center (Lempster village) and the village of East Lempster. <SEP> <P1-S0> Miner Memorial Library is the public library of Lempster, New Hampshire, located at 3 Second New Hampshire Turnpike. <P1-S1>  The library occupies a single-story wood frame structure built in 1845 as a church for a Universalist congregation. <P1-S2>  Despite significant alteration for its use as a library, the building remains a fine example of vernacular church architecture in Sullivan County. <P1-S3>  The building was formally dedicated in 1927 to the memory of Lempster native Alonzo Ames Miner, a leading Universalist minister and president of Tufts College. <P1-S4>  After years of declining attendance, the remaining congregants gave the building to the town in 1965. <P1-S5>  The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Berlin-Peck Memorial Library is a public library in Berlin, Connecticut. <P2-S1>  The original library was founded in 1829. <P2-S2>  The library is now located at 234 Kensington Road, in a facility built in 1989. <P2-S3>  The library serves a population of 20,137. <P2-S4>  The total collection consists of 107,364 items (94,646 print). <P2-S5>  Special collections include town histories of Berlin, East Berlin and Kensington in the David and Ann Borthwick Local History Room. <SEP> <P3-S0> The Cook Memorial Library is the public library of Tamworth, New Hampshire. <P3-S1>  It is located at 93 Main Street in the center of the town, in an 1895 Queen Anne Victorian building which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. <P3-S2>  The library's origins are in a private "social library" established in 1796 by Parson Samuel Hidden; the building was given in memory of Charles Cook, a prominent local businessman and politician.
Question: What type of wagon inspired the dominant form of transportation on the improved trail through the Great Appalachian Valley from Pennsylvania to North Carolina?

<P0-S0> The Great Wagon Road was an improved trail through the Great Appalachian Valley from Pennsylvania to North Carolina, and from there to Georgia in colonial America. <SEP> <P1-S0> The Cumberland Valley is a northern constituent valley of the Great Appalachian Valley, within the Atlantic Seaboard watershed in Pennsylvania and Maryland. <P1-S1>  The Appalachian Trail crosses through the valley. <SEP> <P2-S0> The covered wagon was long the dominant form of transport in pre-industrial America. <P2-S1>  With roots in the heavy Conestoga wagon developed for the rough, undeveloped roads and paths of the colonial East, the covered wagon spread west with American migration. <P2-S2>  Heavily relied upon along such travel routes as the Great Wagon Road and the Santa Fe and Oregon Trails, it carried settlers seeking land, gold, and new futures ever further west. <SEP> <P3-S0> The Great Indian Warpath (GIW)—also known as the Great Indian War and Trading Path, or the Seneca Trail—was that part of the network of trails in eastern North America developed and used by Native Americans which ran through the Great Appalachian Valley. <P3-S1>  The system of footpaths (the Warpath branched off in several places onto alternate routes and over time shifted westward in some regions) extended from what is now upper New York state to deep within Alabama. <P3-S2>  Various Indians traded and made war along the trails, including the Catawba, numerous Algonquian tribes, the Cherokee, and the Iroquois Confederacy. <P3-S3>  The British traders' name for the route was derived from combining its name among the northeastern Algonquian tribes, "Mishimayagat" or "Great Trail", with that of the Shawnee and Delaware, "Athawominee" or "Path where they go armed".
Question: Great Expectations is a 1998 contemporary film starring an American voice actor known for starring in what animated television sitcom?

<P0-S0> Great Expectations is a 1998 contemporary film adaptation of the Charles Dickens novel of the same name, co-written and directed by Alfonso Cuarón and starring Ethan Hawke, Gwyneth Paltrow, Hank Azaria, Robert De Niro, Anne Bancroft and Chris Cooper. <P0-S1>  It is known for having moved the setting of the original novel from 1812-1827 London to 1990s New York. <P0-S2>  (The book was first published in 1861.) <P0-S3>  The film is an abridged modernization of Dickens's novel, with the hero's name having also been changed from Pip to Finn, and the character Miss Havisham has been renamed Nora Dinsmoor. <P0-S4>  The film received mixed reviews. <SEP> <P1-S0> Mystery of Edwin Drood is a 1935 American mystery-drama film directed by Stuart Walker and starring Claude Rains in the role of the villainous John Jasper. <P1-S1>  It is the third film adaptation and first sound film version of Charles Dickens's unfinished novel of the same name. <P1-S2>  Filmed by Universal Pictures, it co-stars Douglass Montgomery and Valerie Hobson (the future Estella of David Lean's 1946 "Great Expectations"), and featured David Manners as Edwin Drood. <P1-S3>  Stuart Walker had previously directed a little-known 1934 film adaptation of "Great Expectations". <P1-S4>  The film's script provides an ending to the original unfinished novel, solving the mystery of the fate of Edwin Drood. <SEP> <P2-S0> Henry Albert "Hank" Azaria ( ; born April 25, 1964) is an American actor, voice actor, comedian and producer. <P2-S1>  He is known for starring in the animated television sitcom "The Simpsons" (1989–present), voicing Moe Szyslak, Apu Nahasapeemapetilon, Chief Wiggum, Comic Book Guy, Carl Carlson and numerous others. <P2-S2>  After attending Tufts University, Azaria joined the series with little voice acting experience, but became a part of the crew in its second season, with many of his performances on the show being based on famous actors and characters. <SEP> <P3-S0> Arrin Skelley is an American voice actor. <P3-S1>  He is best known for being the voice actor of Charlie Brown in three prime time television specials: – "You're the Greatest, Charlie Brown", "It's Your First Kiss, Charlie Brown", and "She's a Good Skate, Charlie Brown". <P3-S2>  Skelley also was a voice actor of Charlie Brown in "Bon Voyage, Charlie Brown (and Don't Come Back!!) <P3-S3> ", an animated film from 1980. <P3-S4>  Skelley also provided the voice for newly recorded soundtracks featured on "Charlie Brown Records" released in 1978.
Question: What was rail line serviced the small commuter village that is on the River Witham and is 6 miles east of the city of Lincoln?

<P0-S0> Tupholme Abbey was a Premonstratensian abbey close to the River Witham some 17 km east of the city of Lincoln, England. <P0-S1>  It was founded between 1155 and 1165 by Gilbert and Alan de Neville. <P0-S2>  An abbot and twelve canons were sent from Newsham Abbey, also in Lincolnshire, to found Tupholme. <P0-S3>  The Witham valley in Lincolnshire is notable for its high concentration of monasteries—there were six on the east bank and three on the west—all presumably drawn to the area by the usefulness of the River Witham for transport and by the wealth (in wool) that it transported. <SEP> <P1-S0> Fiskerton is a small commuter village and civil parish in the West Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. <P1-S1>  The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 1,209. <P1-S2>  It is situated approximately 6 mi east from the city and county town of Lincoln, and on the north side of the River Witham. <SEP> <P2-S0> Spirit Creek is a creek located in the Assiniboine River watershed. <P2-S1>  It begins near Rama, Saskatchewan generally following a line to the east. <P2-S2>  2 miles east of Rama is the Spirit Creek Reservoir, the creek continues east. <P2-S3>  At a point 2 miles west of Buchanan the creek turns to the South and crosses Highway 5 and the CN rail line. <P2-S4>  It continues south east from the rail line before crossing Highway 754 it then continues to Highway 47 2 miles south of Buchanan. <P2-S5>  From there the creek passes through Patterson Lake and finds its mouth at the northernmost end of Good Spirit Lake. <SEP> <P3-S0> Five Mile House was a railway station on the Lincolnshire Loop Line which served the village of Fiskerton in Lincolnshire between 1848 and 1964. <P3-S1>  Situated on the south bank of the River Witham, passengers on the north bank had to use a ferry to reach it. <P3-S2>  It closed two years after opening due to low traffic, but reopened fifteen years later. <P3-S3>  Withdrawal of passenger services took place in 1958, leaving the station open for anglers' excursions until 1964. <P3-S4>  The Water Rail Way footpath now runs through the site.
Question: What is the name of the professional arena footbell team based in Tampa, FL that Ralph Jarvis once played for?

<P0-S0> Ralph A. Jarvis (born June 1, 1965) is a former American football defensive end who played one season with the Indianapolis Colts of the National Football League. <P0-S1>  He was drafted by the Chicago Bears in the third round of the 1988 NFL Draft. <P0-S2>  He played college football at Temple University and attended Glen Mills Schools in Glen Mills, Pennsylvania. <P0-S3>  Jarvis was also a member of the Ottawa Rough Riders, Calgary Stampeders, Tampa Bay Storm, Massachusetts Marauders, Milwaukee Mustangs, Arizona Rattlers and New Jersey Red Dogs. <SEP> <P1-S0> The Tampa Bay Storm are a professional arena football team based in Tampa, Florida, U.S. <P1-S1>  The team, along with the Chicago Bruisers, Denver Dynamite and Washington Commandos, joined the AFL as one of the charter franchises, and is the only one of the four still operating. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Tampa Bay Storm is a professional arena football franchise of the Arena Football League (AFL) based in Tampa, Florida. <P2-S1>  The franchise was originally known as the Pittsburgh Gladiators, and was one of the founding members of the AFL in 1987. <P2-S2>  The Storm is the oldest team in AFL, since the other original teams, Chicago Bruisers, Denver Dynamite, and Washington Commandos, have all folded. <P2-S3>  They are the last of the original four franchises to have operated in continuous existence from the formation of the league until the present. <P2-S4>  The Gladiators participated in ArenaBowl I and ArenaBowl III, losing both games. <P2-S5>  The franchise moved from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania to Tampa, Florida in 1991, and changed its name to the Tampa Bay Storm. <SEP> <P3-S0> The Chicago Rush were a professional arena football team based in Rosemont, Illinois. <P3-S1>  The team played at the Allstate Arena from 2001 to 2013. <P3-S2>  They were a member of the Central Division of the National Conference of the Arena Football League (AFL). <P3-S3>  Founded in 2001, the team qualified for the playoffs 11 out of 12 seasons and won one AFL championship, ArenaBowl XX in 2006. <P3-S4>  During their history, the Rush won five divisional titles and competed in the AFL Conference Championship six times, including four consecutive appearances from 2004 to 2007. <P3-S5>  They also had the largest market in the AFL.
Question: Who wrote the eleventh episode of the 4th season of this Pendleton Ward Show in 2012?

<P0-S0> "Bad Little Boy" is the eleventh episode of the fifth season of the American animated television series "Adventure Time". <P0-S1>  The episode was written and storyboarded by Cole Sanchez and Rebecca Sugar, from a story by Sugar, Patrick McHale, Adam Muto, Kent Osborne, and series creator Pendleton Ward. <P0-S2>  The show follows the adventures of Finn (Jeremy Shada), a human boy, and his best friend and adoptive brother Jake (John DiMaggio), a dog with magical powers to change shape and grow and shrink at will. <P0-S3>  In this episode, Marceline (Olivia Olson) tells the Ice King (Tom Kenny) a fan fiction involving her genderswapped form Marshall Lee (Donald Glover). <SEP> <P1-S0> "4th Grade" is the eleventh episode of the fourth season of the animated television series "South Park", and the 59th episode of the series overall. <P1-S1>  "4th Grade" originally aired in the United States on November 8, 2000 on Comedy Central. <P1-S2>  The episode focuses on the main characters' first day of fourth grade. <P1-S3>  The three previous seasons of the program featured the main characters in the 3rd grade with Mr. Garrison as their teacher. <P1-S4>  This grade change plot device allowed for the introduction of a new teacher, Ms. Choksondik, and introduced a new opening sequence in which the show referenced "The Six Million Dollar Man". <P1-S5>  It is also the final resolution to a three-part mini-arc involving Mr. Garrison coming out of the closet. <SEP> <P2-S0> The fourth season of "Adventure Time", an American animated television series created by Pendleton Ward, premiered on Cartoon Network on April 2, 2012 and concluded on October 22, 2012. <P2-S1>  The season was produced by Cartoon Network Studios and Frederator Studios. <P2-S2>  The season follows the adventures of Finn, a human boy, and his best friend and adoptive brother Jake, a dog with magical powers to change shape and size at will. <P2-S3>  Finn and Jake live in the post-apocalyptic Land of Ooo, where they interact with the other main characters of the show: Princess Bubblegum, The Ice King, Marceline the Vampire Queen, Lumpy Space Princess, BMO, and Flame Princess. <SEP> <P3-S0> "Beyond This Earthly Realm" is the eleventh episode of the fourth season of the American animated television series "Adventure Time". <P3-S1>  The episode was written and storyboarded by Ako Castuera and Jesse Moynihan, from a story by Patrick McHale, Kent Osborne, and Pendleton Ward. <P3-S2>  It originally aired on Cartoon Network on June 11, 2012.
Question: What epeiric sea is Germany bordering? 

<P0-S0> The Roosevelt Plan was a plan for the occupation of Germany after World War II. <P0-S1>  Proposed by Franklin D. Roosevelt, the proposal was for Germany (as defined according to its border immediately prior to the Munich Agreement) to be partitioned. <P0-S2>  East Prussia would be divided between Poland and the Soviet Union. <P0-S3>  Two temporary international zones would be created, one bordering France and the other bordering Belgium and the Netherlands. <P0-S4>  The remainder of Germany would be divided into six nations: Austria, Bavaria, Hanover, Hesse, Prussia, and Saxony. <SEP> <P1-S0> The Sundance Sea was an epeiric sea that existed in North America during the mid-to-late Jurassic Period of the Mesozoic Era. <P1-S1>  It was an arm of what is now the Arctic Ocean, and extended through what is now western Canada into the central western United States. <P1-S2>  The sea receded when highlands to the west began to rise. <SEP> <P2-S0> The North Sea is a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean located between Great Britain, Scandinavia, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, and France. <P2-S1>  An epeiric (or "shelf") sea on the European continental shelf, it connects to the ocean through the English Channel in the south and the Norwegian Sea in the north. <P2-S2>  It is more than 970 km long and 580 km wide, with an area of around 570000 km2 . <SEP> <P3-S0> Germany is a country in west-central Europe, that stretches from the Alps, across the North European Plain to the North Sea and the Baltic Sea. <P3-S1>  Germany has the second largest population in Europe (after the European part of Russia) and is seventh largest in area. <P3-S2>  The territory of Germany covers 357021 km2 , consisting of 349223 km2 of land and 7798 km2 of waters.
Question: STS-96 was a mission to the artificial satellite that launched into orbit in what year?

<P0-S0> The International Space Station (ISS) is a space station, or a habitable artificial satellite, in low Earth orbit. <P0-S1>  Its first component launched into orbit in 1998, and the ISS is now the largest human-made body in low Earth orbit and can often be seen with the naked eye from Earth. <P0-S2>  The ISS consists of pressurised modules, external trusses, solar arrays, and other components. <P0-S3>  ISS components have been launched by Russian Proton and Soyuz rockets, and American Space Shuttles. <SEP> <P1-S0> A military satellite is an artificial satellite used for a military purpose. <P1-S1>  The most common missions are intelligence gathering, navigation and military communications. <P1-S2>  The first military satellites were photographic reconnaissance missions. <P1-S3>  Some attempts were made to develop satellite based weapons but this work was halted in 1967 following the ratification of international treaties banning the deployment of weapons of mass destruction in orbit. <P1-S4>  As of 2013, there are 950 satellites of all types in Earth orbit. <P1-S5>  It is not possible to identify the exact number of these that are military satellites partly due to secrecy and partly due to dual purpose missions such as GPS satellites that serve both civilian and military purposes. <SEP> <P2-S0> Explorer 3 (international designation 1958 Gamma) was an artificial satellite of the Earth, nearly identical to the first United States artificial satellite Explorer 1 in its design and mission. <P2-S1>  It was the second successful launch in the Explorer program. <SEP> <P3-S0> STS-96 was a Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station (ISS) flown by Space Shuttle " Discovery", and the first shuttle flight to dock with the International Space Station. <P3-S1>  The shuttle carried the Spacehab module in the payload, filled with cargo for station outfitting. <P3-S2>  STS-96 launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on 27 May 1999 at 06:49:42 AM EDT.
Question: Was Blink-182 or The Verve Pipe formed further east?

<P0-S0> The Verve Pipe is an American rock band now based out of West Michigan. <P0-S1>  It was formed in 1992 in East Lansing by Brian Vander Ark, Brian Stout and Donny Brown. <SEP> <P1-S0> Wally Pleasant is an American musician from Michigan. <P1-S1>  He plays humorous songs based on folk music and 1950s-60s rock and roll influences. <P1-S2>  Throughout the 1990s he was a fixture in the East Lansing indie-rock scene, alongside fellow local acts like The Verve Pipe. <SEP> <P2-S0> Pet Engine was an alternative/power-pop band that formed in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in the early 1990s under the name "Blackfish" until a Florida-based "Blackfish" achieved success and forced a name change. <P2-S1>  Although they never achieved widespread commercial success, Pet Engine did release three albums and one EP on its label, Don't Records. <P2-S2>  The singles "Place to Breathe", "Reinventing the Wheel" and "Popular Teenage Disease" achieved a moderate amount of radio play in several American radio markets. <P2-S3>  The band was included on the Aware Records compilation volume 8 which also featured up-and-coming artists John Mayer and Howie Day. <P2-S4>  During their career, P.E. served as support for Oasis, Lemonheads, Goo Goo Dolls, Violent Femmes, Blind Melon, Verve Pipe and Mason Jennings among others. <P2-S5>  Their last official performance before a series of reunions came at Summerfest playing with Fountains of Wayne and Wilco. <P2-S6>  The band achieved a cult following in the Milwaukee music scene, often playing with popular Milwaukee bands like Citizen King and The Gufs, and were a regular act at Milwaukee's Summerfest for several years. <P2-S7>  Although Pet Engine broke up in early 2003, they were briefly reunited when they played at Summerfest 2006. <SEP> <P3-S0> Blink-182 (often stylized as blink-182; pronounced "blink one eighty two") is an American rock band formed in Poway, California in 1992. <P3-S1>  Since 2015, the lineup of the band has consisted of bassist and vocalist Mark Hoppus, drummer Travis Barker, and guitarist and vocalist Matt Skiba. <P3-S2>  Founded by guitarist and vocalist Tom DeLonge, Hoppus and drummer Scott Raynor, the band emerged from the Southern California punk scene of the early 1990s and first gained notoriety for high-energy live shows and irreverent lyrical toilet humor. <P3-S3>  Blink-182 was initially known as Blink until an Irish band of the same name threatened legal action; in response, the band appended the meaningless number "-182".
Question: What actress, born on August 14th, 1963 won best supporting actress in 1986 for her role in the film "Manon des Sources"?

<P0-S0> Emmanuelle Béart (born 14 August 1963) is a French film actress, who has appeared in over 60 film and television productions since 1972. <P0-S1>  An eight-time César Award nominee, she won the César Award for Best Supporting Actress for the 1986 film "Manon des Sources". <P0-S2>  Her other film roles include "La Belle Noiseuse" (1991), "A Heart in Winter" (1992), "Nelly and Mr. Arnaud" (1995), "" (1996) and "8 Women" (2002). <SEP> <P1-S0> Benoît Delhomme (born 28 August 1961) is a French film cinematographer who has also worked in American and British films. <P1-S1>  He graduated from the National School Louis Lumière in 1982. <P1-S2>  He was assistant cameraman on Jean de Florette and Manon des sources (1986) and became director of photography on feature films in the early 1990s. <P1-S3>  He was nominated for the César Award for Best Cinematography in 1998 for Artemisia. <P1-S4>  During the 2000s, he worked more and more for English-speaking movies. <P1-S5>  He won the Special Jury Prize at the International Film Festival Chicago 2001 for And there, what time is it? <P1-S6>  And the AFI Award for Best Cinematography in 2005 for The Proposition. <SEP> <P2-S0> Manon des Sources (] ; meaning Manon of the Spring) is a 1986 French language film. <P2-S1>  Directed by Claude Berri, it is the second of two films adapted from the 1966 two-volume novel by Marcel Pagnol, who wrote it based on his own earlier film of the same title. <P2-S2>  It is the sequel to "Jean de Florette". <P2-S3>  It won an award in 1989 as best french film. <SEP> <P3-S0> Octavia Lenora Spencer (born May 25, 1972) is an American actress and author. <P3-S1>  She made her film debut in the 1996 drama film "A Time to Kill". <P3-S2>  Her breakthrough came in 2011, when she starred as Minny Jackson in the period drama film "The Help", for which she won the Academy Award, Golden Globe, SAG, BAFTA, and Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Supporting Actress. <P3-S3>  She had a critically acclaimed performance in Ryan Coogler's drama "Fruitvale Station" (2013), for which she received the National Board of Review Award for Best Supporting Actress. <P3-S4>  Spencer has received acclaim for her work in the films "Smashed" (2012), "Snowpiercer" (2013), "Get on Up" (2014), "The Divergent Series" (2015-2016), "Zootopia" (2016) and "The Shape of Water" (2017). <P3-S5>  In 2017, she received Academy Award, Golden Globe, and SAG nominations for Best Supporting Actress for her performance as mathematician Dorothy Vaughan in the drama "Hidden Figures".
Question: which band was formed first, Dubstar or Concrete Blonde?

<P0-S0> Decibelle (formerly Estrojam) is a 501c3 NFP music and culture festival that promotes equality and was established in 2003. <P0-S1>  Past headliners have included, Wanda Jackson (First Lady of Rock who toured with Elvis in the 1950s and 1960s), Nina Hagen, Concrete Blonde, Cat Power, The Gossip, Peaches, Amy Ray of the Indigo Girls and Margaret Cho. <P0-S2>  The hip hop, post punk, disco, and dance-punk band ESG played their final show on Friday, September 21, 2007 at Chicago's Abbey Pub, during the Decibelle festival. <SEP> <P1-S0> Concrete Blonde were an alternative rock band based in the United States. <P1-S1>  They were active from 1982 to 1995, from 2001 to 2004, and then reunited in 2010 and split up again in 2012. <P1-S2>  They are best known for their 1990 album "Bloodletting", their top 20 single "Joey", and Johnette Napolitano's distinctive vocal style. <SEP> <P2-S0> Harry Rushakoff (born November 16, 1958) is a former drummer for the band Concrete Blonde. <SEP> <P3-S0> Dubstar are an English band, performing dream pop and alternative dance, as well as occasional pop ballads and, on later releases, guitar-laden rock with industrial twists. <P3-S1>  The group was formed in 1992 by Steve Hillier and Chris Wilkie in Newcastle-upon-Tyne. <P3-S2>  Sarah Blackwood joined in 1993, replacing Hillier on vocals.
Question: Who started earlier, Ghinzu or Charlotte Gainsbourg?

<P0-S0> Ghinzu is an alternative rock band founded in 1999 in Brussels, Belgium. <SEP> <P1-S0> The 2008–09 Elitserien season was the 34th season of Elitserien. <P1-S1>  It began on September 15, 2008, with the regular season ending February 28, 2009. <P1-S2>  The playoffs of the 85th Swedish Championship ended on April 8, with Färjestads BK taking the championship. <P1-S3>  The season started earlier than previous seasons due to the 2009 Men's World Ice Hockey Championships in Switzerland had been scheduled earlier than normal. <SEP> <P2-S0> I Do (Original title: Prête-moi ta main) or Rent a Wife (international working title), is a 2006 French romantic comedy directed by Éric Lartigau, based on an original idea by Alain Chabat. <P2-S1>  The film stars Charlotte Gainsbourg, Alain Chabat and Bernadette Lafont. <P2-S2>  It is Chabat and Gainsbourg's third collaboration, after "Ils se marièrent et eurent beaucoup d'enfants" (2004) and "The Science of Sleep" (2006). <SEP> <P3-S0> Charlotte Lucy Gainsbourg (born 21 July 1971) is a British-French actress and singer. <P3-S1>  She is the daughter of English actress Jane Birkin and French singer and songwriter Serge Gainsbourg. <P3-S2>  After making her musical debut with her father on the song "Lemon Incest" at the age of 12, she released an album with her father at the age of 15. <P3-S3>  More than 20 years passed before she released three albums as an adult ("", "IRM" and "Stage Whisper") to commercial and critical success. <P3-S4>  Gainsbourg has also appeared in many films, including several directed by Lars von Trier, and has received both a César Award and the Cannes Film Festival Best Actress Award.
Question: Which genus of flowering plants contains eight species all from the western Cape Province of South Africa, Calycanthus or Coleonema?

<P0-S0> The Western Cape Division of the High Court of South Africa (previously named the Cape Provincial Division and the Western Cape High Court, and commonly known as the Cape High Court) is a superior court of law with general jurisdiction over the Western Cape province of South Africa. <P0-S1>  The division, which sits at Cape Town, consists of 31 judges led by Judge President John Hlophe. <SEP> <P1-S0> Coleonema is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rutaceae. <P1-S1>  The eight known species are all from the western Cape Province of South Africa. <P1-S2>  In Australia, where they are cultivated as garden ornamentals, they are often incorrectly referred to as Diosma. <SEP> <P2-S0> Mossel Bay is a harbour town of about 130,000 people on the Southern Cape (or Garden Route) of South Africa. <P2-S1>  It is an important tourism and farming region of the Western Cape Province. <P2-S2>  Mossel Bay lies 400 kilometres east of the country's seat of parliament, Cape Town (which is also the capital city of the Western Cape Province), and 400 km west of Port Elizabeth, the largest city in the Eastern Cape Province. <P2-S3>  The older parts of the town occupy the north-facing side of the Cape St Blaize Peninsula, whilst the newer suburbs straddle the Peninsula and have spread eastwards along the sandy shore of the Bay. <SEP> <P3-S0> Calycanthus (sweetshrub) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Calycanthaceae, endemic to North America. <P3-S1>  The genus includes two to four species depending on taxonomic interpretation; two are accepted by the "Flora of North America".
Question: Who managed cinematography for the Indian Tamil language film, VIP, whose music was composed by longtime associate of A R Rahman, Ranjit Barot?

<P0-S0> Ranjit Barot (born around 1955) is an Indian film score composer, music director, music arranger, drummer and singer. <P0-S1>  He is a longtime associate of A. R. Rahman. <SEP> <P1-S0> Engineer is a shelved Tamil language film directed by Gandhi Krishna and written by Sujatha originally slated to be released in 1999. <P1-S1>  The film was based on the true story of the Sardar Sarovar Dam project and was being made in Tamil with planned versions in Telugu and Hindi too. <P1-S2>  The film had featured Arvind Swamy and Madhuri Dixit in the leading roles, with music composed by A.R. Rahman and cinematography by Jeeva. <SEP> <P2-S0> 4 Tune Kookies is an Indian classic-rock band formed about thirty-five years ago (as ‘People’). <P2-S1>  The band was started in the 1970s when the band culture was fairly unknown in India. <P2-S2>  The band comprises Babu(Saiprasad)Choudhary - (lead guitarist), Hosi Nanji (bass guitarist), Ranjit Barot (former drummer), Derick Gomes (current drummer) and Ronnie Desai (vocalist, rhythm guitarist and song writer) <SEP> <P3-S0> V.I.P is a 1997 Indian Tamil language film directed and co-written by Sabapthay. <P3-S1>  The film features Prabhu Deva, Abbas, Simran and Rambha in the lead roles, while Rami Reddy, Prakash Raj and Manivannan play other pivotal roles. <P3-S2>  Ranjit Barot composed the music, while Arthur A. Wilson handled the cinematography. <P3-S3>  This film was opened in July 1997 to above average reviews and collections.
Question:  What television show did Michael Seth Gelman, who is the executive producer for Kelly Ripa and Ryan Seacrest's syndicated morning talk show, take a small role in two times?

<P0-S0> Cold Pizza was a television sports morning talk show that aired weekdays on ESPN2. <P0-S1>  The show's style was more akin to "Good Morning America" than "SportsCenter"' s straight news and highlights format. <P0-S2>  It included daily sports news, interviews with sports journalists, athletes, and personalities, and an assortment of other sports and non-sports topics. <P0-S3>  This show began airing on October 20, 2003. <P0-S4>  The ESPN executive in charge of the program was James Cohen, who helped develop ESPN's popular talk show, "Pardon the Interruption". <P0-S5>  The show was part of ESPN Original Entertainment overseen by ESPN programming chief Mark Shapiro The executive producer/creator was Brian Donlon and he was assisted by Consulting Producer Steve Friedman, who oversaw NBC's Today Show during some of its most innovative and highly rated periods. <P0-S6>  The program was produced at Atlantic Video which was overseen by Todd Mason. <SEP> <P1-S0> Live with Kelly and Ryan is an American syndicated morning talk show, hosted by Kelly Ripa and Ryan Seacrest. <P1-S1>  Executive produced by Michael Gelman, the "Live with..." show formula has aired under various hosts since 1983 locally on WABC-TV in New York City and 1988 nationwide. <P1-S2>  As of 2016, it is produced by WABC. <SEP> <P2-S0> Michael Seth Gelman (born August 4, 1961) is the executive producer of "Live with Kelly and Ryan". <P2-S1>  He also occasionally takes small roles on television, appearing in two episodes of Kelly Ripa's ABC sitcom "Hope and Faith". <SEP> <P3-S0> The daytime talk show "Live with Kelly and Ryan", starring Kelly Ripa and Ryan Seacrest, officially debuted on May 1, 2017, but is a continuation of the series that previously co-starred Regis Philbin or Michael Strahan.
Question: What is the full name of the University where Patrick Callaerts is the head of the "VIB Laboratory of Developmental Genetics"?

<P0-S0> Christine Van Broeckhoven (born 9 April 1953) is a Belgian molecular biologist and professor in Molecular genetics at the University of Antwerp (Antwerp, Belgium). <P0-S1>  She is also leading the VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp of the Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB). <P0-S2>  Christine Van Broeckhoven does research on Alzheimer dementia, bipolar mental disorders and other neurological diseases. <P0-S3>  Since 1983 she has had her own laboratory for molecular genetics at the University of Antwerp, and since 2005 is focussing her research on neurodegenerative brain diseases. <P0-S4>  She is an associate editor of the scientific journal "Genes, Brain and Behavior". <SEP> <P1-S0> The Katholieke Universiteit Leuven ("Catholic University of Leuven" ), abbreviated KU Leuven and also known as the University of Leuven, is a research university in the Dutch-speaking city of Leuven in Flanders, Belgium. <P1-S1>  It conducts teaching, research, and services in the sciences, engineering, humanities, medicine, law, and social sciences. <SEP> <P2-S0> Patrick Callaerts is a Belgian molecular biologist and researcher at the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (Leuven, Belgium). <P2-S1>  He is head of the "VIB Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, KU Leuven". <SEP> <P3-S0> Jean-Christophe Marine (born 5 October 1968) is a Belgian molecular biologist and researcher at CME (Center of Human Genetics) Ku-Leuven (Belgium). <P3-S1>  He is head of the VIB Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Biology. <P3-S2>  His research interest is in the identification and characterization of cancer growth modulators, such as p53.
Question: What is the name of the largest film production company of Hong Kong that produced "Return of the One-Armed Swordsman"?

<P0-S0> Return of the One-Armed Swordsman, also known as One-Armed Swordsman Return, is a 1969 Hong Kong "wuxia" film directed by Chang Cheh and produced by the Shaw Brothers Studio. <P0-S1>  The film is a sequel to the 1967 film "One-Armed Swordsman", with Jimmy Wang and Lisa Chiao Chiao reprising their roles. <SEP> <P1-S0> Shaw Brothers (HK) Ltd. () was the largest film production company of Hong Kong. <SEP> <P2-S0> Sir Run Run Shaw, GBM, CBE ( November 23, 1907 – 7 January 2014), also known as Shao Yifu and Siu Yat-fu, was a Hong Kong entertainment mogul and philanthropist. <P2-S1>  He was one of the most influential figures in the Asian entertainment industry. <P2-S2>  He founded the Shaw Brothers Studio, one of the largest film production companies in Hong Kong, and TVB, the dominant television company in Hong Kong. <SEP> <P3-S0> The New One-Armed Swordsman, also known as Triple Irons, is a 1971 Hong Kong "wuxia" film directed by Chang Cheh and produced by the Shaw Brothers Studio, starring David Chiang. <P3-S1>  Chiang replaced Jimmy Wang, the star of the two preceding films in the series, "The One-Armed Swordsman" and "Return of the One-Armed Swordsman". <P3-S2>  The film features Chang Cheh's usual brand of violent swordplay and bloody effects.
Question: What station, located near Fourth Ring Road in Beijing, was opened on December 30, 2012?

<P0-S0> Golden Resources Shopping Mall, or Jin Yuan (abbreviated from Chinese: 金源时代购物中心) is a shopping mall located near the Fourth Ring Road in Beijing, People's Republic of China. <P0-S1>  It is right beside Line 10's Changchunqiao Station of the Beijing Subway. <SEP> <P1-S0> The Daxing Line of the Beijing Subway () is a rapid transit line that connects the southern Daxing District of the city with the subway network. <P1-S1>  It extends Line 4 south from its southern terminus at Majialou, on the 4th Ring Road in Fengtai District, to Nanzhao Lu, beyond the 6th Ring Road in Daxing District. <P1-S2>  The Daxing Line is about 21.7 km in length with 18 km underground. <P1-S3>  Of the 12 stations, only Xihongmen is above the surface. <P1-S4>  Full-scale construction began in 2007 and the line was opened on December 30, 2010, 14:00 local time. <SEP> <P2-S0> Chongwenmen (;Manchu:ᡧᡠ<br>ᠪᡝ<br>ᠸᡝᠰᡳᡥᡠᠯᡝᡵᡝ<br>ᡩᡠᡴᠠ ;Möllendorff:šu be wesihulere duka) is the name of a gate that was once part of Beijing's city wall in what is now Dongcheng District. <P2-S1>  The gate stood in the southeastern part of Beijing's inner city, immediately south of the old Beijing Legation Quarter. <P2-S2>  In the 1960s, the gate and much of the wall was torn down to make room for Beijing's second ring road. <P2-S3>  Today, Chongwenmen is marked by the intersection of Chongwenmen Nei (Inner) and Chongwenmen Wai (Outer) Street, which run north-south through the former gate, Chongwenmen East and Chongwenmen West Street, which run east-west where the wall stood, and Beijing Station West Street, a diagonal street, going northwest to the Beijing Railway Station. <P2-S4>  Chongwenmen is a transport node in Beijing. <P2-S5>  Chongwenmen Station is an interchange station on Lines 2 and 5 of the Beijing Subway. <P2-S6>  Chongwen District, an administrative division of the city from 1952 to 2010 and now folded into Dongcheng District, was named after Chongwenmen. <SEP> <P3-S0> Changchunqiao is a station on Line 10 of the Beijing Subway in China. <P3-S1>  This station opened on December 30, 2012. <P3-S2>  It is located a short distance from the Golden Resources Mall, one of the world's largest shopping malls. <P3-S3>  The station also serves the Yuanda residential district.
Question: What is the name of this English real estate entrepreneur, philosopher, early Quaker, and founder of the Province of Pennsylvania, for which Manor Township was originally surveyed and reserved?

<P0-S0> Manor Township is a township in west central Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, United States. <P0-S1>  Manor Township takes its name from the Manor of Conestoga, which was originally surveyed and reserved for William Penn in 1719. <P0-S2>  It was changed to its present form in 1759. <P0-S3>  The population was 19,612 at the 2010 census. <SEP> <P1-S0> William Penn (14 October 1644 – 30 July 1718) was the son of Sir William Penn, and was an English real estate entrepreneur, philosopher, early Quaker, and founder of the Province of Pennsylvania, the English North American colony and the future Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. <P1-S1>  He was an early advocate of democracy and religious freedom, notable for his good relations and successful treaties with the Lenape Native Americans. <P1-S2>  Under his direction, the city of Philadelphia was planned and developed. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Armstrong School District is a large, public school district which encompasses approximately 437 sqmi . <P2-S1>  The District is one of the 500 public school districts of Pennsylvania. <P2-S2>  In Armstrong County, Pennsylvania, Armstrong School District covers the Boroughs of Applewold, Atwood, Dayton, Elderton, Ford City, Ford Cliff, Kittanning, Manorville, Rural Valley, West Kittanning and Worthington and the Townships of Bethel Township, Boggs Township, Burrell Township, Cadogan Township, Cowanshannock Township, East Franklin Township, Kittanning Township, Manor Township, North Buffalo Township, Pine Township, Plumcreek Township, Rayburn Township, South Bend Township, Valley Township, Washington Township, Wayne Township and West Franklin Township. <P2-S3>  In Indiana County, Pennsylvania the district includes the Borough of Smicksburg and West Mahoning Township. <P2-S4>  According to 2000 federal census data, it served a resident population of 44,970. <P2-S5>  By 2010, the District's population declined to 43,301 people. <P2-S6>  In 2009, Armstrong School District residents' per capita income was $15,449, while the median family income was $36,907. <SEP> <P3-S0> The Penn Manor School District is a large, rural/suburban, public school district located in southern in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. <P3-S1>  The Penn Manor School District encompasses approximately 110 square miles. Penn Manor School District serves residents of: Manor Township, Conestoga Township, Millersville Borough, Martic Township and Pequea Township. <P3-S2>  According to 2000 federal census data, it serves a resident population of 37,942. <P3-S3>  By 2010, the district's population was 41,376 people. <P3-S4>  In 2009, Penn Manor School District residents' per capita income was $20,529 and the median family income was $55,708. <P3-S5>  The educational attainment levels for the Penn Manor School District population (25 years old and over) were 88.7% high school graduates and 25% college graduates.
Question: Which pizza chain began in 1979 with an outlet called Red Devil Pizza - Pizza Factory or California Pizza Kitchen?

<P0-S0> California Pizza Kitchen, known within the food industry as CPK, is a polished casual dining restaurant chain that specializes in California-style pizza. <P0-S1>  The restaurant was started in 1985 by attorneys Rick Rosenfield and Larry Flax in Beverly Hills, California, United States. <SEP> <P1-S0> Pizza Factory Inc. is a chain of pizza restaurants in the western United States, based in Oakhurst, California. <P1-S1>  The company began in 1979, when Danny Wheeler and his wife Carol opened Danny's Red Devil Pizza in Oakhurst. <P1-S2>  Ron Willey and his wife Joyce subsequently opened a second location in 1981, known as Pizza Factory. <SEP> <P2-S0> Pizza delivery is a service in which a pizzeria or pizza chain delivers a pizza to a customer. <P2-S1>  An order is typically made either by telephone or over the internet to the pizza chain, in which the customer can request pizza type, size and other products alongside the pizza, commonly including soft drinks. <P2-S2>  Pizzas may be delivered in pizza boxes or delivery bags, and deliveries are made with either an automobile, motorized scooter, or bicycle. <P2-S3>  Customers can, depending on the pizza chain, choose to pay online, or in person, with cash, credit or a debit card. <P2-S4>  A delivery fee is often charged with what the customer has bought. <SEP> <P3-S0> Rabbe Anders Grönblom (May 3, 1950 Helsinki, Finland – June 29, 2015) was a Finland-Swedish businessman who started a successful pizza business in Vaasa, Finland. <P3-S1>  His first company—a pizzeria—was called "O sole mio" and it was founded in 1976 in the center of Vaasa. <P3-S2>  From there he expanded to a pizza franchise chain first called "Pizzeria N:o 1". <P3-S3>  He was known as the "Pizza-emperor" (Pizzakeisari in Finnish), because he was the founder of a well known pizza franchise chain called Kotipizza which was the new name of "Pizzeria N:o 1" which expanded fast outside of Vaasa. <P3-S4>  The chain is said to be the biggest one in the Nordic countries. <P3-S5>  He was also the founder of a shipping company called RG Line, a hotel chain called Omenahotelli and another pizza chain called Golden Rax Pizzabuffet. <P3-S6>  Most of his companies are subsidiaries of Grönblom International LTD, where Rabbe Grönblom acted as director. <P3-S7>  Golden Rax Pizzabuffet however is nowadays a part of Finland's largest hotel & restaurant company Restel Oy Ltd, where Rabbe Grönblom sat on the board. <P3-S8>  He was also on the board of the Finnish tyre company Nokian Renkaat (since 2003).