Question: What government followed the monarch who retranslated the Reflections into French from the country that allied with America after the Battle of Saratoga?

<P0-S0> the battle of vigo bay, also known as the battle of rande (; ), was a naval engagement fought on 23 october 1702 during the opening years of the war of the spanish succession. <P0-S1> the engagement followed an anglo-dutch attempt to capture the spanish port of cádiz in september in an effort to secure a naval base in the iberian peninsula. <P0-S2> from this station the allies had hoped to conduct operations in the western mediterranean sea, particularly against the french at toulon. <P0-S3> the amphibious assault, however, had proved a disaster, but as admiral george rooke retreated home in early october, he received news that the spanish treasure fleet from america, laden with silver and merchandise, had entered vigo bay in northern spain. <P0-S4> philips van almonde convinced rooke to attack the treasure ships, despite the lateness of the year and the fact that the vessels were protected by french ships-of-the-line. <SEP> <P1-S0> Louis XVI translated the Reflections "from end to end" into French. <P1-S1> Fellow Whig MPs Richard Sheridan and Charles James Fox, disagreed with Burke and split with him. <P1-S2> Fox thought the Reflections to be "in very bad taste" and "favouring Tory principles". <P1-S3> Other Whigs such as the Duke of Portland and Earl Fitzwilliam privately agreed with Burke, but did not wish for a public breach with their Whig colleagues. <P1-S4> Burke wrote on 29 November 1790: "I have received from the Duke of Portland, Lord Fitzwilliam, the Duke of Devonshire, Lord John Cavendish, Montagu (Frederick Montagu MP), and a long et cetera of the old Stamina of the Whiggs a most full approbation of the principles of that work and a kind indulgence to the execution". <P1-S5> The Duke of Portland said in 1791 that when anyone criticised the Reflections to him, he informed them that he had recommended the book to his sons as containing the true Whig creed. <SEP> <P2-S0> about one - third of the battles of the american revolutionary war took place in new york; the first major battle after u.s. independence was declared -- and the largest battle of the entire war -- was fought in new york at the battle of long island (a.k.a. <P2-S1> battle of brooklyn) in august 1776. after their victory, the british occupied new york city, making it their military and political base of operations in north america for the duration of the conflict, and consequently the focus of general george washington's intelligence network. <P2-S2> on the notorious british prison ships of wallabout bay, more american combatants died of intentional neglect than were killed in combat in every battle of the war combined. <P2-S3> both sides of combatants lost more soldiers to disease than to outright wounds. <P2-S4> the first of two major british armies were captured by the continental army at the battle of saratoga in 1777, a success that influenced france to ally with the revolutionaries. <P2-S5> the state constitution was enacted in 1777. new york became the 11th state to ratify the united states constitution, on july 26, 1788. <SEP> <P3-S0> Once news of Burgoyne's surrender reached France, King Louis XVI decided to enter into negotiations with the Americans that resulted in a formal Franco - American alliance and French entry into the war. <P3-S1> This moved the conflict onto a global stage. <P3-S2> As a consequence, Britain was forced to divert resources used to fight the war in North America to theaters in the West Indies and Europe, and rely on what turned out to be the chimera of Loyalist support in its North American operations. <P3-S3> Being defeated by the British in the French and Indian War more than a decade earlier, France found an opportunity of revenge by aiding the colonists throughout the Revolutionary War. <P3-S4> Prior to the Battle of Saratoga, France did n't fully aid the colonists. <P3-S5> However, after the Battles of Saratoga were conclusively won by the colonists, France realized that the Americans had the hope of winning the war, and began fully aiding the colonists by sending soldiers, donations, loans, military arms, and supplies. <SEP> <P4-S0> Charles-Henri Sanson, full title "Chevalier Charles-Henri Sanson de Longval" (15 February 1739 – 4 July 1806), was the royal executioner of France during the reign of King Louis XVI, and High Executioner of the First French Republic. <P4-S1> He administered capital punishment in the city of Paris for over forty years, and by his own hand executed nearly 3,000 people, including the King himself.