Question: Al-Damiri lived in a country that became a colony of an empire that reached it's maximum size under an emperor. Who was that emperor's mother?

<P0-S0> The imperial period of Rome lasted approximately 1,500 years compared to the 500 years of the Republican era. <P0-S1> The first two centuries of the empire's existence were a period of unprecedented political stability and prosperity known as the Pax Romana, or ``Roman Peace ''. <P0-S2> Following Octavian's victory, the size of the empire was dramatically increased. <P0-S3> After the assassination of Caligula in AD 41, the Senate briefly considered restoring the republic, but the Praetorian Guard proclaimed Claudius emperor instead. <P0-S4> Under Claudius, the empire invaded Britannia, its first major expansion since Augustus. <P0-S5> After Claudius' successor, Nero, committed suicide in AD 68, the empire suffered a series of brief civil wars, as well as a concurrent major rebellion in Judea, during which four different legionary generals were proclaimed emperor. <P0-S6> Vespasian emerged triumphant in AD 69, establishing the Flavian dynasty, before being succeeded by his son Titus, who opened the Colosseum shortly after the eruption of Mount Vesuvius. <P0-S7> His short reign was followed by the long reign of his brother Domitian, who was eventually assassinated. <P0-S8> The Senate then appointed the first of the Five Good Emperors. <P0-S9> The empire reached its greatest extent under Trajan, the second in this line. <SEP> <P1-S0> the end of the dark ages is traditionally dated to 776 bc, the year of the first olympic games. <P1-S1> the iliad and the odyssey, the foundational texts of western literature, are believed to have been composed by homer in the 8th or 7th centuries bc with the end of the dark ages, there emerged various kingdoms and city-states across the greek peninsula, which spread to the shores of the black sea, southern italy (latin: magna graecia, or greater greece) and asia minor. <P1-S2> these states and their colonies reached great levels of prosperity that resulted in an unprecedented cultural boom, that of classical greece, expressed in architecture, drama, science, mathematics and philosophy. <P1-S3> in 508 bc, cleisthenes instituted the world's first democratic system of government in athens. <SEP> <P2-S0> iran is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the proto-elamite and elamite kingdoms in 3200–2800 bc. <P2-S1> the iranian medes unified the area into the first of many empires in 625 bc, after which it became the dominant cultural and political power in the region. <P2-S2> iran reached the pinnacle of its power during the achaemenid empire founded by cyrus the great in 550 bc, which at its greatest extent comprised major portions of the ancient world, stretching from parts of the balkans (thrace-macedonia, bulgaria-paeonia) and eastern europe proper in the west, to the indus valley in the east, making it the largest empire the world had yet seen. <P2-S3> the empire collapsed in 330 bc following the conquests of alexander the great. <P2-S4> the parthian empire emerged from the ashes and was succeeded by the sassanid dynasty in 224 ad, under which iran again became one of the leading powers in the world, along with the roman-byzantine empire, for a period of more than four centuries. <SEP> <P3-S0> Marcus Ulpius Traianus was born on 18 September 53AD in the Roman province of Hispania Baetica (in what is now Andalusia in modern Spain), in the city of Italica (now in the municipal area of Santiponce, in the outskirts of Seville). <P3-S1> Although frequently designated the first provincial emperor, and dismissed by later writers such as Cassius Dio (himself of provincial origin) as "an Iberian, and neither an Italian nor even an Italiot", Trajan appears to have hailed on his father's side from the area of Tuder (modern Todi) in Umbria, at the border with Etruria, and on his mother's side from the Gens Marcia, of an Italic family of Sabine origin. <P3-S2> Trajan's birthplace of Italica was founded as a Roman military colony of "Italian" settlers in 206BC, though it is unknown when the Ulpii arrived there. <P3-S3> It is possible, but cannot be substantiated, that Trajan's ancestors married local women and lost their citizenship at some point, but they certainly recovered their status when the city became a municipium with Latin citizenship in the mid-1st century BC. <SEP> <P4-S0> Al-Damiri belonged to one of the two towns called Damira near Damietta and spent his life in Egypt. <P4-S1> Of the Shafiite school of law, he became professor of tradition in the Rukniyya at Cairo, and also at the mosque al-Azhar; in connection with this work he wrote a commentary on the "Minhāj al-Ṭalibīn" of Al-Nawawi. <SEP> <P5-S0> In 332 BC, Macedonian ruler Alexander the Great conquered Egypt as he toppled the Achaemenids and established the Hellenistic Ptolemaic Kingdom, whose first ruler was one of Alexander's former generals, Ptolemy I Soter. <P5-S1> The Ptolemies had to fight native rebellions and were involved in foreign and civil wars that led to the decline of the kingdom and its final annexation by Rome. <P5-S2> The death of Cleopatra ended the nominal independence of Egypt resulting in Egypt becoming one of the provinces of the Roman Empire.