Question: When did the Shah seize the nation, where 66 hostages from the country that the Soviets avoided conflict with in Korea, were held for 444 days in the late 1970s?

<P0-S0> kim philby, a soviet double agent, was a correspondent for the newspaper in spain during the spanish civil war of the late 1930s. <P0-S1> philby was admired for his courage in obtaining high-quality reporting from the front lines of the bloody conflict. <P0-S2> he later joined mi6 during world war ii, was promoted into senior positions after the war ended, then eventually defected to the soviet union in 1963. <SEP> <P1-S0> In April 1950, Stalin gave Kim permission to invade the South under the condition that Mao would agree to send reinforcements if they became needed. <P1-S1> Stalin made it clear that Soviet forces would not openly engage in combat, to avoid a direct war with the Americans. <P1-S2> Kim met with Mao in May 1950. <P1-S3> Mao was concerned that the Americans would intervene but agreed to support the North Korean invasion. <P1-S4> China desperately needed the economic and military aid promised by the Soviets. <P1-S5> At that time, the Chinese were in the process of demobilizing half of the PLA's 5.6 million soldiers. <P1-S6> However, Mao sent more ethnic Korean PLA veterans to Korea and promised to move an army closer to the Korean border. <P1-S7> Once Mao's commitment was secured, preparations for war accelerated. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Iran hostage crisis was a diplomatic standoff between Iran and the United States of America. <P2-S1> Fifty - two American diplomats and citizens were held hostage for 444 days from November 4, 1979, to January 20, 1981, after a group of Iranian college students belonging to the Muslim Student Followers of the Imam's Line, who supported the Iranian Revolution, took over the U.S. Embassy in Tehran. <P2-S2> It stands as the longest hostage crisis in recorded history. <SEP> <P3-S0> Mohammad Reza Pahlavi (Persian: محمدرضا پهلوی ‎, translit. <P3-S1> Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, pronounced (mohæmˈmæd reˈzɒː ˈʃɒːh pæhlæˈviː); 26 October 1919 -- 27 July 1980), also known as Mohammad Reza Shah (محمدرضاشاه Mohamad Rezā Ŝāh), was the last Shah of Iran from 16 September 1941 until his overthrow by the Iranian Revolution on 11 February 1979. <P3-S2> Mohammad Reza Shah took the title Shahanshah (``King of Kings '') on 26 October 1967. <P3-S3> He was the second and last monarch of the House of Pahlavi. <P3-S4> Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi held several other titles, including that of Aryamehr (`` Light of the Aryans'') and Bozorg Arteshtaran (``Commander - in - Chief ''). <P3-S5> His dream of what he referred to as a`` Great Civilisation'' (Persian: تمدن بزرگ ‎, translit. <P3-S6> tamadon - e bozorg) in Iran led to a rapid industrial and military modernisation, as well as economic and social reforms. <SEP> <P4-S0> a period of dual power ensued, during which the provisional government held state power while the national network of soviets, led by socialists, had the allegiance of the lower classes and, increasingly, the left - leaning urban middle class. <P4-S1> during this chaotic period there were frequent mutinies, protests and many strikes. <P4-S2> many socialist political organizations were engaged in daily struggle and vied for influence within the duma and the soviets, central among which were the bolsheviks (``ones of the majority '') led by vladimir lenin who campaigned for an immediate end to the war, land to the peasants, and bread to the workers. <P4-S3> when the provisional government chose to continue fighting the war with germany, the bolsheviks and other socialist factions were able to exploit virtually universal disdain towards the war effort as justification to advance the revolution further. <P4-S4> the bolsheviks turned workers' militias under their control into the red guards (later the red army) over which they exerted substantial control.