winkelee/scaling-down huggingface dataset:
Question: Which actress played the role of Evelyn Thompson in the film 2000 film directed by Brett Ratner?

<P0-S0> Suzanne Shepherd is an American actress and theater director. <P0-S1>  She is best known for her portrayal of Karen's overbearing mother in the film "Goodfellas", Carmela Soprano's mother Mary De Angelis in the HBO television series "The Sopranos", and the assistant school principal in "Uncle Buck". <P0-S2>  She also played the role of Mrs. Scarlini in the film 2000 film "Requiem for a Dream", and Big Ethel in "A Dirty Shame". <P0-S3>  Shepherd studied acting with Sanford Meisner, and later went on to teach Meisner's program of acting study, the first woman to do so. <P0-S4>  She was a founding member of the Compass Players in the early 1960s, along with such other actors as Alan Alda and Alan Arkin. <P0-S5>  In 2016, she played the role of Lucille Abetemarco the mother of Detective Anthony Abetemarco played by former "Sopranos" co-star Steve Schirripa in "Good Cop Bad Cop" the 2nd episode of the 7th season of the CBS police procedural drama "Blue Bloods". <P0-S6>  Her daughter is artist Kate Shepherd. <SEP> <P1-S0> After the Sunset is a 2004 action comedy film starring Pierce Brosnan as Max Burdett, a master thief caught in a cat-and-mouse game with FBI agent Stan Lloyd, played by Woody Harrelson. <P1-S1>  The film was directed by Brett Ratner and shot in the Bahamas. <SEP> <P2-S0> Lisa Thornhill (born September 30, 1962) is an American actress. <P2-S1>  She is best known for playing the role of Evelyn Thompson in the 2000 film "The Family Man", Celeste Kane in the television series "Veronica Mars", Gwen in the 2002 film "Life, or Something Like It", and Agent Celia "Cie" Baxter in the television series "18 Wheels of Justice". <SEP> <P3-S0> The Family Man is a 2000 American romantic comedy-drama film directed by Brett Ratner, written by David Diamond and David Weissman, and starring Nicolas Cage and Téa Leoni. <P3-S1>  Cage's production company, Saturn Films, helped produce the film. <P3-S2>  The film centers on a man who sees what could have been had he made a different decision 13 years prior.
Question: Geoff Blum played for what American professional baseball franchise, who play their home games at Chase Field?

<P0-S0> Geoffrey Edward Blum (born April 26, 1973) is an American former professional baseball infielder in Major League Baseball and current part-time announcer for the Houston Astros. <P0-S1>  During his major-league career, he played for the Montreal Expos, Houston Astros, Tampa Bay Devil Rays, San Diego Padres, Chicago White Sox and Arizona Diamondbacks. <P0-S2>  As a member of the World Series Champion White Sox in 2005, he hit the game-deciding home run in the longest contest in the history of the Fall Classic. <SEP> <P1-S0> The Atlanta Braves are an American professional baseball franchise based in the Atlanta metropolitan area. <P1-S1>  The franchise competes in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member of the National League (NL) East division. <P1-S2>  The Braves played home games at Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium from 1966 to 1996, and Turner Field from 1997 to 2016. <P1-S3>  Since 2017, their home stadium has been SunTrust Park, a new stadium 10 miles (16 km) northwest of downtown Atlanta in the Cumberland neighborhood of Cobb County. <P1-S4>  The Braves play spring training games in Lake Buena Vista, Florida. <P1-S5>  In January 2017, the Braves announced a formal agreement to move their spring training home to North Port, Florida. <SEP> <P2-S0> Chase Field, formerly Bank One Ballpark, is a baseball park located in Downtown Phoenix, Arizona. <P2-S1>  It is the home of the Arizona Diamondbacks, the city's Major League Baseball (MLB) franchise. <P2-S2>  It opened in 1998, in time for the Diamondbacks' first game as an expansion team. <P2-S3>  Chase Field was the first stadium built in the United States with a retractable roof over a natural-grass playing surface. <SEP> <P3-S0> The Arizona Diamondbacks, often shortened as the D-backs, are an American professional baseball franchise based in Phoenix, Arizona. <P3-S1>  The club competes in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member of the National League (NL) West division. <P3-S2>  Since the team's inception in 1998, the franchise has played home games at Chase Field, formerly known as Bank One Ballpark. <P3-S3>  The Diamondbacks have won one World Series championship (in 2001), becoming the fastest expansion team in the Major Leagues to win a championship, doing it in only the fourth season since the franchise's inception in the 1998 Major League Baseball season.
Question: Afire Love appears on an Ed Sheeran album released on what date in Australia?

<P0-S0> x (pronounced "multiply") is the second studio album by English singer-songwriter, Ed Sheeran. <P0-S1>  It was released on 20 June 2014 in Australia and New Zealand, and worldwide on 23 June through Asylum Records and Atlantic Records. <P0-S2>  The album received positive reviews from music critics. <P0-S3>  It was an international commercial success, peaking at No. 1 in fifteen countries, while topping both the UK Albums Chart and the US "Billboard" 200. <P0-S4>  "x" also reached the top 5 in seven other countries and was the best selling album of 2014 in Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, and the United Kingdom. <P0-S5>  Five singles were released from the album: "Sing", "Don't", "Thinking Out Loud", "Bloodstream" (a collaboration with Rudimental), and "Photograph". <SEP> <P1-S0> "Afire Love" is a song recorded by English singer-songwriter Ed Sheeran for his second studio album, "×" (2014). <P1-S1>  The song is about Sheeran's late grandfather who suffered from Alzheimer's disease. <P1-S2>  The record, which was produced by Snow Patrol member Johnny McDaid, samples elements of "Remembering Jenny" composed by Christophe Beck for the soundtrack to the American television series "Buffy the Vampire Slayer". <SEP> <P2-S0> "Sing" is a song by English singer-songwriter, Ed Sheeran. <P2-S1>  It was written by Sheeran and Pharrell Williams, who also produced it and provided uncredited background vocals. <P2-S2>  The song was released on 7 April 2014, serving as the lead single from Sheeran's second studio album, "×" (2014). <P2-S3>  The song became Sheeran's first UK number-one single and also topped the charts in Australia, New Zealand and Ireland. <P2-S4>  It also peaked at No. 13 on the US "Billboard" Hot 100. <SEP> <P3-S0> Songs I Wrote with Amy is an extended play, independently released by Ed Sheeran on April 4, 2010. <P3-S1>  After the success of +, Sheeran re-released five of his EPs, including "Songs I Wrote with Amy", which was released a second time on December 9, 2011. <P3-S2>  All of the songs were written collaboratively by Ed Sheeran and Amy Wadge.
Question: Most Valuable Player for the 2007 Anaheim Classic was dismissed from the NBA for violating the league's what?

<P0-S0> Ovinton J'Anthony "O. J." Mayo (born November 5, 1987) is an American professional basketball player. <P0-S1>  He played one season of college basketball for the USC Trojans while earning first-team All-Pac-10 honors. <P0-S2>  The team forfeited all of its wins that season and Mayo lost his remaining three years of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) eligibility after it was ruled he received improper benefits. <P0-S3>  Mayo entered the 2008 NBA draft and was selected by the Minnesota Timberwolves with the third overall pick. <P0-S4>  He was later traded to the Memphis Grizzlies, with whom he played four seasons. <P0-S5>  In 2011, he tested positive for a banned steroid and was suspended by the NBA for 10 games. <P0-S6>  Mayo signed with the Dallas Mavericks in 2012, and then with the Milwaukee Bucks in 2013. <P0-S7>  On July 1, 2016, Mayo was dismissed from the NBA for violating the league's anti-drug program. <SEP> <P1-S0> The 2007 Anaheim Classic was played between November 22 and November 25, 2007 at the Anaheim Convention Center in Anaheim, California. <P1-S1>  The champion of the tournament was Southern California, who defeated Southern Illinois in the Championship Game. <P1-S2>  The Most Valuable Player was O. J. Mayo of Southern California. <SEP> <P2-S0> Russell Westbrook III (born November 12, 1988) is an American professional basketball player for the Oklahoma City Thunder of the National Basketball Association (NBA). <P2-S1>  He is a six-time NBA All-Star, and a two-time NBA All-Star Game Most Valuable Player, winning consecutive awards in 2015 and 2016. <P2-S2>  He is also a six-time All-NBA Team member and led the league in scoring in 2014–15 and 2016–17. <P2-S3>  In 2017, Westbrook became one of two players in NBA history to average a triple-double for a season, along with Oscar Robertson in 1962. <P2-S4>  He also set a record for the most triple-doubles in a season, with 42. <P2-S5>  He was subsequently named the 2016–17 NBA Most Valuable Player. <SEP> <P3-S0> The 2013 NBA Summer League is a pro basketball league run by the NBA just after the 2013 NBA draft. <P3-S1>  It gives newly drafted players a chance to test their skills against each other, and to give them a feel for professional basketball. <P3-S2>  All 30 NBA teams participated, along with the D-League Select. <P3-S3>  The Miami Heat were the only team to participate in both Summer Leagues. <P3-S4>  It ran from July 7–12 in Orlando and July 12–22 in Las Vegas. <P3-S5>  Jeremy Lamb of the Oklahoma City Thunder was named the Most Valuable Player of the Orlando Summer League. <P3-S6>  Jonas Valančiūnas of the Toronto Raptors went on to be named the Most Valuable Player of the Las Vegas Summer League. <P3-S7>  Ian Clark of the Golden State Warriors was named the Most Valuable Player of the Las Vegas Summer League Championship Game.
Question: What year did Michelle Phillips, co-founder of the Mama's and the Papa's, release a song which became #89 in "Rolling Stone"'s list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time?

<P0-S0> "The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time" was the cover story of a special issue of "Rolling Stone", issue number 963, published in December 2004, a year after the magazine published its list of "The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time". <SEP> <P1-S0> "California Dreamin is a song written by John Phillips and Michelle Phillips and was first recorded by Barry McGuire. <P1-S1>  However, the best known version is by The Mamas & the Papas, who sang backup on the original version and released as a single in 1965. <P1-S2>  The song is #89 in "Rolling Stone"'s list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. <P1-S3>  The lyrics of the song express the narrator's longing for the warmth of Los Angeles during a cold winter in New York City. <SEP> <P2-S0> "My Generation" is a song by the English rock band The Who, which became a hit and one of their most recognisable songs. <P2-S1>  The song was named the 11th greatest song by "Rolling Stone" "Magazine" on its list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time and 13th on VH1's list of the 100 Greatest Songs of Rock & Roll. <P2-S2>  It is also part of The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll and is inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame for "historical, artistic and significant" value. <P2-S3>  In 2009 it was named the 37th Greatest Hard Rock Song by VH1. <SEP> <P3-S0> Michelle Phillips (born Holly Michelle Gilliam; June 4, 1944) is an American singer, songwriter and actress. <P3-S1>  A native of California, she met and married John Phillips in San Francisco as a teenager, and went on to co-found the vocal group The Mamas & the Papas in 1965. <P3-S2>  The band rose to fame with their popular singles "California Dreamin'" and "Creeque Alley", both of which Phillips co-wrote. <P3-S3>  They released five studio albums before their dissolution in 1970. <P3-S4>  Phillips is the last surviving original member of the group.
Question: In the 1974 Fifa World Cup Final, The netherlands opened scoring through a penalty by what former midfielder who, in 2004, was named one of the 125 Greatest Living Footballers at a FIFA awards ceremony?

<P0-S0> John Keith "Jack" Taylor, OBE (21 April 1930 – 27 July 2012) was an English football referee, famous for officiating in the 1974 FIFA World Cup Final during which he awarded two penalties in the first 30 minutes. <P0-S1>  The first of these penalty kicks, awarded after just a minute of play, created World Cup history – it was the first penalty kick ever awarded in a World Cup final. <SEP> <P1-S0> Just "Justo" Fontaine (] ; born 18 August 1933) is a retired French footballer. <P1-S1>  A prolific forward, he is best known for being the record holder for most goals scored in a single edition of the FIFA World Cup, with 13 in six matches in 1958. <P1-S2>  In 2004, Pelé named him one of the 125 Greatest Living Footballers at a FIFA Awards Ceremony. <SEP> <P2-S0> Johannes Jacobus "Johan" Neeskens (] ; born 15 September 1951) is a Dutch football manager and former midfielder. <P2-S1>  As a player, he was an important member of the Dutch national team that finished as runners-up in the 1974 and 1978 FIFA World Cups and is considered to be one of the greatest Dutch midfielders of all time. <P2-S2>  In 2004, he was named one of the 125 Greatest Living Footballers at a FIFA Awards Ceremony., while in 2017 he has been included in the "FourFourTwo" list of the 100 all-time greatest players, at the 64th position. <SEP> <P3-S0> The 1974 FIFA World Cup Final was the final match of the 1974 FIFA World Cup, the 10th FIFA World Cup, a competition to determine the world champion among national men's football sides. <P3-S1>  The match was contested by the Netherlands and West Germany, with the West Germans winning 2–1. <P3-S2>  The Netherlands opened the scoring via a Johan Neeskens penalty in the second minute, only for Paul Breitner to equalise with another penalty in the 25th minute before Gerd Müller scored the winning goal in the 43rd minute, claiming West Germany's second FIFA World Cup.
Question: What Soviet political leader held high regard for the author of Mozg Armii, a 3 volume military theory book?

<P0-S0> Mozg Armii (Russian: Мозг армии ), in English The Brain of the Army, is a three-volume military theory book published between 1927 and 1929. <P0-S1>  It is the most important work of Boris Shaposhnikov, a Soviet military commander then in command of the Moscow military region. <P0-S2>  "Mozg Armii" gained a wide popularity throughout the Red Army, and Shaposhnikov himself was held in high regard by Joseph Stalin. <SEP> <P1-S0> Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (18 December 1878 – 5 March 1953) was a Georgian-born Soviet revolutionary and political leader. <P1-S1>  Governing the Soviet Union as its dictator from the mid-1920s until his death in 1953, he served as General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1952 and as Premier of the Soviet Union from 1941 to 1953. <P1-S2>  Ideologically a Marxist and a Leninist, Stalin helped to formalise these ideas as Marxism–Leninism while his own policies became known as Stalinism. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Language of Music (2012) is a contemporary music theory book written by Tom Brooks and published by Hal Leonard Publishing. <P2-S1>  The book explains principles used in modern music starting at a foundational level (Basic Building Blocks of Music) and progressing to topics such as Chord Building, Transposition, Cadences, Modes, and Chord Substitution. <P2-S2>  The book also demonstrates concepts using well known pop/rock song examples. <P2-S3>  It is used as a textbook by college level music theory programs. <P2-S4>  The book also includes a quick start guide, a chord library appendix, and a DVD with 38 video tutorials by the author. <SEP> <P3-S0> Fleetwood Academy, founded in 1839 by Oliver White, was a military school for boys located in King and Queen County, Virginia, six miles north of Bruington Baptist Church. <P3-S1>  The Academy buildings consisted of a two-story schoolhouse and three one-story dormitories. <P3-S2>  Modeling itself after the Virginia Military Institute, Fleetwood Academy was noted for offering courses in mathematics, Greek, French, and natural philosophy, with an estimated yearly enrollment of thirty-five to forty cadets. <P3-S3>  In 1848, the school was issued forty muskets by the Virginia government, to be used for instructing the students in military exercises. <P3-S4>  In operation for approximately twenty-two years, Fleetwood Academy closed in 1860. <P3-S5>  The Academy, its cadets, and its founder, Oliver White, were held in high regard by citizens of King and Queen County.
Question: What show did the Russian professional latin and ballroom dancer born on January 19, 1980 appear on?

<P0-S0> Katusha Demidova is a Russian professional ballroom dancer and instructor, now residing in the USA. <P0-S1>  She is the 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014 Professional World Ballroom Dance Champion, and also the International Professional, and British Open, Ballroom Champion. <P0-S2>  Her partner in these events was Arunas Bizokas. <P0-S3>  She is the sister of Anna Demidova who is also a dancer. <SEP> <P1-S0> Pavel "Pasha" Kovalev (Russian: Па́вел "Па́ша" Ковалёв ; born 19 January 1980) is a Russian professional latin and ballroom dancer. <SEP> <P2-S0> Lindsay Arnold Cusick (born January 11, 1994) is an American professional Latin and ballroom dancer. <P2-S1>  She was a contestant on "So You Think You Can Dance". <P2-S2>  She is a professional dancer and choreographer on "Dancing with the Stars". <SEP> <P3-S0> Strictly Come Dancing returned for its ninth series on 10 September 2011 with a launch show, with the live shows starting on 30 September and 1 October 2011. <P3-S1>  The show was broadcast from Wembley Arena on 19 November with all proceeds going to the BBC charity, Children in Need. <P3-S2>  The final took place at the Blackpool Tower Ballroom and was the first episode in 3D, and was shown on BBC HD and 18 cinemas around the country. <P3-S3>  As in series 8 there are 14 couples with one new male professional, Pasha Kovalev, replacing Jared Murillo.
Question: Which member of a collegiate athletic conference comprising sports teams from eight private institutions of higher education in the Northeastern United States played their home games at Robert K. Kraft Field at Lawrence A. Wien Stadium?

<P0-S0> The 2011 Columbia Lions football team represented Columbia University in the 2011 NCAA Division I FCS football season. <P0-S1>  The Lions were led by sixth year head coach Norries Wilson and played their home games at Robert K. Kraft Field at Lawrence A. Wien Stadium. <P0-S2>  They are a member of the Ivy League. <P0-S3>  They finished the season 1–9, 1–6 in Ivy League play to finish in a tie for seventh place. <P0-S4>  Head coach Norries Wilson was fired at the end of the season after a 17–43 record in six seasons. <SEP> <P1-S0> The Ivy League is a collegiate athletic conference comprising sports teams from eight private institutions of higher education in the Northeastern United States. <P1-S1>  The conference name is also commonly used to refer to those eight schools as a group beyond the sports context. <P1-S2>  The eight institutions are Brown University, Columbia University, Cornell University, Dartmouth College, Harvard University, the University of Pennsylvania, Princeton University, and Yale University. <P1-S3>  The term "Ivy League" has connotations of academic excellence, selectivity in admissions, and social elitism. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Patriot League is a collegiate athletic conference comprising private institutions of higher education and two United States service academies based in the Northeastern United States. <P2-S1>  Outside of the Ivy League, it is one of the most selective group of higher education institutions in NCAA Division I and has the highest student-athlete graduation rate for both the NCAA graduation success rate and the federal graduation rate. <SEP> <P3-S0> The New England Small College Athletic Conference (NESCAC) is a collegiate athletic conference comprising sports teams from eleven schools, which are ten small liberal arts colleges and one medium-sized research university. <P3-S1>  The schools are all private, located in the Northeastern United States, and are often associated with the Little Ivies. <P3-S2>  The conference name is also commonly used to refer to those eleven schools as a group. <P3-S3>  The eleven institutions are Amherst College, Bates College, Bowdoin College, Colby College, Connecticut College, Hamilton College, Middlebury College, Tufts University, Trinity College, Wesleyan University, and Williams College.
Question: In what year did this pilot episode air of this American animated television series, whose title character held the same name as the show and also included the character Mrs. Puff?

<P0-S0> "The Itchy & Scratchy & Poochie Show" is the fourteenth episode in the eighth season of the American animated television series "The Simpsons". <P0-S1>  It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on February 9, 1997. <P0-S2>  In the episode, "The Itchy & Scratchy Show" attempts to regain viewers by introducing a new character named Poochie, whose voice is provided by Homer. <P0-S3>  The episode is largely self-referential and satirizes the world of television production, fans of "The Simpsons", and the series itself. <P0-S4>  It was written by David X. Cohen and directed by Steven Dean Moore. <P0-S5>  Alex Rocco is a credited guest voice as Roger Meyers, Jr. for the third and final time (having previously provided the character's voice in "Itchy & Scratchy & Marge" and "The Day the Violence Died"); Phil Hartman also guest stars as Troy McClure. <P0-S6>  Poochie would become a minor recurring character and Comic Book Guy's catchphrase, "Worst episode ever", is introduced in this episode. <P0-S7>  With "The Itchy & Scratchy & Poochie Show", the show's 167th episode, "The Simpsons" surpassed "The Flintstones" in the number of episodes produced for a prime-time animated series. <SEP> <P1-S0> Mrs. Puff is a fictional character in the American animated television series "SpongeBob SquarePants" and both films based on the franchise. <P1-S1>  She is voiced by actress Mary Jo Catlett and debuted in the season one episode "Boating School" on August 7, 1999. <P1-S2>  Mrs. Puff was created and designed by marine biologist and animator Stephen Hillenburg. <P1-S3>  He developed the character in response to a request from Nickelodeon that the show star a schoolteacher. <P1-S4>  Hillenburg did not want to write SpongeBob as a school-age child, so Mrs. Puff was introduced as his driving instructor rather than a classroom educator. <SEP> <P2-S0> SpongeBob SquarePants is the titular character and protagonist of the American animated television series of the same name. <P2-S1>  He is voiced by actor and comedian Tom Kenny and first appeared on television in the series' pilot episode on May 1, 1999. <SEP> <P3-S0> Puff and the Incredible Mr. Nobody is a 30-minute animated television film loosely based on the song "Puff, the Magic Dragon" by Leonard Lipton and Peter Yarrow. <P3-S1>  The title character was voiced by Burgess Meredith, and the film also featured the voice of David Mendenhall. <P3-S2>  The special first aired May 17, 1982 on CBS. <P3-S3>  This was the last "Puff the Magic Dragon" special.
Question: What Big 12 Conference basketball team did Myles Turner play for?

<P0-S0> The 2009–10 Big 12 Conference men's basketball season marks the 14th season of Big 12 Conference basketball. <SEP> <P1-S0> Myles Christian Turner (born March 24, 1996) is an American professional basketball player for the Indiana Pacers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). <P1-S1>  He played one season for the Texas Longhorns before declaring for the 2015 NBA draft and being selected by the Pacers with the 11th overall pick. <SEP> <P2-S0> The 2016–17 Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball team represented the University of Kansas in the 2016–17 NCAA Division I men's basketball season, which was the Jayhawks' 119th basketball season. <P2-S1>  The Jayhawks, members of the Big 12 Conference, played their home games at Allen Fieldhouse and were led by 14th year head coach Bill Self. <P2-S2>  They finished the season 31–5, 16–2 in Big 12 play to win their 13th consecutive Big 12 regular season title, tying UCLA's record for consecutive regular season conference titles. <P2-S3>  They lost in the quarterfinals of the Big 12 Tournament to TCU. <P2-S4>  They received and at-large bid to the NCAA Tournament as a No. 1 seed in the Midwest region. <P2-S5>  The appearance was their 28th consecutive appearance, the longest current active streak and the longest ever in NCAA Tournament history. <P2-S6>  In the Tournament, they defeated UC Davis and Michigan State to advance to the Sweet Sixteen. <P2-S7>  There they defeated Purdue before losing in the Elite Eight to Oregon. <SEP> <P3-S0> The Texas Longhorns men's basketball team represents The University of Texas at Austin in NCAA Division I intercollegiate men's basketball competition. <P3-S1>  The Longhorns currently compete in the Big 12 Conference.
Question: Which genus has more species, Datura or Castanopsis?

<P0-S0> Brugmansia is a genus of seven species of flowering plants in the family Solanaceae. <P0-S1>  They are woody trees or shrubs, with pendulous flowers, and have no spines on their fruit. <P0-S2>  Their large, fragrant flowers give them their common name of angel's trumpets, a name sometimes used for the closely related genus "Datura". <P0-S3>  (Datura differs from Brugmansia in that they are herbaceous bushes, with erect rather than pendulous flowers - and most have spines on their fruit). <SEP> <P1-S0> Castanopsis, commonly called chinquapin or chinkapin, is a genus of evergreen trees belonging to the beech family, Fagaceae. <P1-S1>  The genus contains about 120 species, which are today restricted to tropical and subtropical eastern Asia. <P1-S2>  A total of 58 species are native to China, with 30 endemic; the other species occur further south, through Indochina to Indonesia, and also in Japan. <P1-S3>  The English name chinkapin is shared with other related plants, including the golden chinkapins of the Pacific United States, which are sometimes included within "Castanopsis" but are more often considered a separate but very closely related genus, "Chrysolepis". <SEP> <P2-S0> Iochroma cardenasianum is a spiny shrub bearing very small leaves (0.35-0.5 x 0.1-0.12 cm), a yellow trumpet-shaped campanulate flower, measuring some 3 cm long and globose fruit. <P2-S1>  The growth habit is somewhat reminiscent of certain "Lycium" species. <P2-S2>  It is endemic to Bolivia, growing in dry, Andean valleys at altitudes of 2,000–2,500 m and 3,000–3,500 m and has been collected near the town of Cotagaita in Potosí Department. <P2-S3>  Recent research has revealed that, far from being a species of "Iochroma", "I. cardenasianum" does not even belong in tribe Physaleae (to which "Iochroma" belongs), constituting instead an (as yet unnamed) monotypic genus in tribe Datureae, and thus is most closely related to the genera "Datura" and "Brugmansia", species of which are well known as ornamentals and hallucinogens, owing their activity to tropane alkaloid content. <SEP> <P3-S0> Datura is a genus of nine species of poisonous vespertine flowering plants belonging to the family Solanaceae. <P3-S1>  They are commonly known as daturas, but also known as devil's trumpets, not to be confused with angel's trumpets, its closely related genus "Brugmansia". <P3-S2>  They are also sometimes called moonflowers, jimsonweed, devil's weed, hell's bells, thorn-apple, and many more. <P3-S3>  Its precise and natural distribution is uncertain, owing to its extensive cultivation and naturalization throughout the temperate and tropical regions of the globe. <P3-S4>  Its distribution within the Americas and North Africa, however, is most likely restricted to the United States and Mexico and Southern Canada in North America, and Tunisia in Africa, where the highest species diversity occurs.
Question: Who has released more albums, Seven Mary Three or Madina Lake?

<P0-S0> "Wait" is a song by Seven Mary Three and the lead single from their fifth studio album, "The Economy of Sound", released on June 5, 2001. <P0-S1>  It also served as the English lead single to the "Crazy/Beautiful" film soundtrack released three weeks later (La Ley's "Every Time/Siempre" was its Spanish lead single). <P0-S2>  "Wait" has since become one of the band's most popular songs, having reached #7 on Billboard's Mainstream Rock Tracks. <P0-S3>  It also entered radio as the #1 Most Added record of the format in its first two weeks. <SEP> <P1-S0> Madina Lake is an American alternative rock band formed in Chicago in 2005. <P1-S1>  Madina Lake released their debut album "From Them, Through Us, to You" through Roadrunner Records on March 27, 2007. <P1-S2>  Madina Lake won Best International Newcomer at the Kerrang! <P1-S3>  Awards 2007. <P1-S4>  The group disbanded in September 2013 before reuniting in February 2017. <SEP> <P2-S0> Matthew Jon Leone ( ) is the bassist of rock band Madina Lake. <P2-S1>  He was born on May 31, 1975. <P2-S2>  Matthew is three minutes older than his identical twin Nathan Leone, who is the lead vocalist in Madina Lake. <SEP> <P3-S0> Seven Mary Three, (occasionally abbreviated to 7 Mary 3 or 7M3) was an American rock band. <P3-S1>  They released seven studio albums and one live album, and are best known for their hit single "Cumbersome".
Question: The lad of Union Station in New Jersey remains the property of a Class I railroad that operates how many route miles?

<P0-S0> The Norfolk Southern Railway (reporting mark NS) is a Class I railroad in the United States. <P0-S1>  With headquarters in Norfolk, Virginia, the company operates 36,200 route miles in 22 eastern states, the District of Columbia, and has rights in Canada from Buffalo to Toronto and over the Albany to Montreal route. <P0-S2>  NS is responsible for maintaining 29,000 miles, with the remainder being operated under trackage rights from other parties responsible for maintenance. <P0-S3>  The common commodity hauled on the railroad is coal from mines in Indiana, Kentucky, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia. <P0-S4>  The railroad also offers the largest intermodal network in eastern North America. <SEP> <P1-S0> The Kansas City Southern Railway Company (reporting mark KCS) , owned by Kansas City Southern, is the smallest and third-oldest Class I railroad in North America (just behind Union Pacific Railroad and Canadian Pacific Railway) still in operation. <P1-S1>  Founded in 1887, KCS currently operates in 10 central U.S. states. <P1-S2>  KCS also owns and indirectly operates Kansas City Southern de México (KCSM) in the central and northeastern states of Mexico, and is the only Class I Railroad to own any track both inside and outside of Mexico's boundaries (Ferromex is the only other Class I operating in Mexico). <P1-S3>  KCS owns about 9,600 kilometers (6,000 route miles) of track, including trackage owned by subsidiaries. <SEP> <P2-S0> Phillipsburg Union Station is an inactive railroad station in Phillipsburg, New Jersey, United States at 178 South Main Street. <P2-S1>  Opened in 1914, Union Station was built by the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad (DL&W) and shared with the Central Railroad of New Jersey (CNJ) and was situated where the lines merged before the bridge crossing the Delaware River. <P2-S2>  Designed by Frank J. Nies, the architect who produced many of DL&W stations now listed state and federal registers of historic places, the 2 1/2 story, 3 bay brick building is unusual example of a union station and a representation of early 20th century Prairie style architecture. <P2-S3>  The Phillipsburg Union Signal Tower, or PU Tower, is nearby. <SEP> <P3-S0> Union Station is a New Jersey Transit railroad station in Union County, New Jersey. <P3-S1>  Located on the Conrail Lehigh Line, Union is served by Raritan Valley Line trains that travel between Newark Penn Station and Raritan. <P3-S2>  There is also limited service to and from High Bridge and New York Penn Station and one morning train to Hoboken Terminal. <P3-S3>  The physical structures of the station are owned by New Jersey Transit, however the land remains property of Norfolk Southern Railway, in accordance with the 1999 buyout of Consolidated Rail Corporation by Norfolk Southern Railway and CSX Corporation.
Question: Which English footballer playing for Stoke City has also played for a Swedish Division 2 team?

<P0-S0> IFK Hässleholm is a Swedish football club from Hässleholm that was established in 1905. <P0-S1>  The team is currently playing in Division 2 Östra Götaland. <P0-S2>  Several well known players have played at the club including England international striker Peter Crouch as well as Swedish footballers Jon Jönsson, Andreas Dahl, and Tobias Linderoth. <P0-S3>  In recent years the club has played in Division 2, which is the fourth tier of the Swedish football league system. <P0-S4>  However, the club has played in second tier football (Division 1 Södra and Division 2 Södra) in 1972–1974, 1975–81, 1987–1988, and 1992–1998. <SEP> <P1-S0> Peter James Crouch (born 30 January 1981) is an English professional footballer who plays as a striker for Premier League club Stoke City. <P1-S1>  He was capped 42 times by the England national team between 2005 and 2010, scoring 22 goals for his country in that time, and appearing at two World Cups. <SEP> <P2-S0> Archie Harvey (born November 3, 1992) is a Liberian footballer who plays as a midfielder for Swedish Division 1 outfit Arameiska-Syrianska Botkyrka IF. <P2-S1>  He joined the club from Division 2 side Södertälje FK during the 2016 transfer period in Sweden. <P2-S2>  The Right-back played in Division 2 with NFF before signing with Motala AIF during the second phase of the 2015 Swedish season, he won Man of the Match Awards in most of his matches. <P2-S3>  He has been playing in the Swedish Division 2 & 1 league since he arrived from Liberia in 2013, he spend a short time in Division 1. <SEP> <P3-S0> Frank Watkin (30 March 1904 – 26 January 1979) was an English footballer who played at centre-forward for Congleton Town, Stoke City, and Port Vale. <P3-S1>  He won the Third Division North title with both Stoke and Vale, but never nailed down a regular first team place despite scoring a combined total of 12 goals in 18 league games for the two clubs. <P3-S2>  His brother, Arthur Watkin, was also a footballer who played for Stoke.
Question: What is the age of these mountains that start in the northeast corner of Georgia and had the Georgia Gold Rush spread throughout it in 1829?

<P0-S0> The Georgia Mountains Region or North Georgia mountains or Northeast Georgia is an area that starts in the northeast corner of Georgia, United States, and spreads in a westerly direction. <P0-S1>  The mountains in this region are in the Blue Ridge mountain chain that ends in Georgia. <P0-S2>  At over 1 billion years of age, the Blue Ridge mountains are among the oldest mountains in the United States and sometimes mistaken to be the oldest mountains in the world (they are only about one third of the age of South Africa's 3.6 billion year old Barberton greenstone belt.) <P0-S3> . <P0-S4>  The mountains in this region are also a part of the vast system of North American mountains known as the Appalachian Mountains that spans most of the United States longitudally along the eastern areas of the nation and terminates in Alabama. <SEP> <P1-S0> The Free Jim Mine (location: ) was a Georgia Gold Rush gold mine located in the town of Dahlonega in Lumpkin County, Georgia, USA. <P1-S1>  The mine was started by a free African American named James Boisclair, who arrived in the area in the 1830s from Augusta, Georgia. <P1-S2>  Apparently, Boisclair discovered gold on a tract of land but, under state law, could not purchase the land since he was black, except through a guardian. <P1-S3>  A local resident, Joseph J. Singleton became his guardian, thus allowing Boisclair to purchase the land and start what would become known as the Free Jim Mine. <P1-S4>  The mine was operated by Bosclair for many years. <P1-S5>  Today, the Free Jim Mine lies underneath the present-day Pine Tree Mfg. plant and other nearby businesses within the city limits of Dahlonega. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Georgia Gold Rush was the second significant gold rush in the United States and the first in Georgia, and overshadowed the previous rush in North Carolina. <P2-S1>  It started in 1829 in present-day Lumpkin County near the county seat, Dahlonega, and soon spread through the North Georgia mountains, following the Georgia Gold Belt. <P2-S2>  By the early 1840s, gold became difficult to find. <P2-S3>  Many Georgia miners moved west when gold was found in the Sierra Nevada in 1848, starting the California Gold Rush. <SEP> <P3-S0> The Gold Lottery of 1832 was the seventh lottery in the Georgia Land Lottery, a lottery system used by the State of Georgia between the years 1805 and 1832 to distribute land. <P3-S1>  It was authorized by the Georgia General Assembly by an act of December 24, 1831 a few years after the start of the Georgia Gold Rush. <P3-S2>  The act specified that approximately one third of the 160 acre land districts to be distributed by lottery under the act of December 21, 1830 (the sixth land lottery), be designated as gold districts of 40 acre each and to be distributed in a separate lottery. <P3-S3>  The drawings for the Gold Lottery of 1832 occurred between October 22, 1832 and May 1, 1833 and applied to land that had been owned by the Cherokee Indians.
Question: Wing warping, a system for lateral aircraft control, was pioneered by the Wright brothers during their first controlled, sustained flight near which now-famous location?

<P0-S0> Question Mark (""?"") <P0-S1>  was a modified Atlantic-Fokker C-2A transport airplane of the United States Army Air Corps. <P0-S2>  In 1929, commanded by Major Carl A. Spaatz, it was flown for a flight endurance record as part of an experiment with aerial refueling. <P0-S3>  "Question Mark" established new world records in aviation for sustained flight (heavier-than-air), refueled flight, sustained flight (lighter-than-air), and distance between January 1 and January 7, 1929, in a non-stop flight of more than 150 hours near Los Angeles, California. <SEP> <P1-S0> The Wright brothers, Orville (August 19, 1871 – January 30, 1948) and Wilbur (April 16, 1867 – May 30, 1912), were two American brothers, inventors, and aviation pioneers who are generally credited with inventing, building, and flying the world's first successful airplane. <P1-S1>  They made the first controlled, sustained flight of a powered, heavier-than-air aircraft on December 17, 1903, four miles south of Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. <P1-S2>  In 1904–05 the brothers developed their flying machine into the first practical fixed-wing aircraft. <P1-S3>  Although not the first to build and fly experimental aircraft, the Wright brothers were the first to invent aircraft controls that made fixed-wing powered flight possible. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Blériot VIII was a French pioneer era aeroplane built by Louis Blériot, significant for its adoption of both a configuration and a control system that were to set a standard for decades to come. <P2-S1>  The previous year, Blériot had experimented with a tandem wing design, the Blériot VI, then built another aircraft, the Blériot VII, in which the rear wing was somewhat smaller than the front wing. <P2-S2>  In the Blériot VIII, he reduced the size of the rear wing yet again, to the point where it was no longer contributing much in the way of lift, but had become the horizontal stabiliser. <P2-S3>  More novel was his adoption of a single control stick that would control both roll and pitch, while the rudder was controlled by a horizontal, centrally pivoted bar swung by the pilot's feet. <P2-S4>  A similar control arrangement for roll and pitch control had been incorporated into an aircraft the previous year by Robert Esnault-Pelterie, but the Bleriot VIII was the first use in a single airframe of the combination of hand/arm-operated joystick and foot-operated rudder control, that is in use to the present day, for the basic format of aerodynamic aircraft control systems. <SEP> <P3-S0> Wing warping was an early system for lateral (roll) control of a fixed-wing aircraft. <P3-S1>  The technique, used and patented by the Wright brothers, consisted of a system of pulleys and cables to twist the trailing edges of the wings in opposite directions. <P3-S2>  In many respects, this approach is similar to that used to trim the performance of a paper airplane by curling the paper at the back of its wings.
Question: What is the birthdate of this prominent sufferer of severe combined immunodeficiency, referred to as the bubble boy, famous for living in a sterile environment?

<P0-S0> The severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is a severe immunodeficiency genetic disorder that is characterized by the complete inability of the adaptive immune system to mount, coordinate, and sustain an appropriate immune response, usually due to absent or atypical T and B lymphocytes. <P0-S1>  In humans, SCID is colloquially known as "bubble boy" disease, as victims may require complete clinical isolation to prevent lethal infection from environmental microbes. <SEP> <P1-S0> Severe combined immunodeficiency, SCID, also known as alymphocytosis, Glanzmann–Riniker syndrome, severe mixed immunodeficiency syndrome, and thymic alymphoplasia, is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the disturbed development of functional T cells and B cells caused by numerous genetic mutations that result in heterogeneous clinical presentations. <P1-S1>  SCID involves defective antibody response due to either direct involvement with B lymphocytes or through improper B lymphocyte activation due to non-functional T-helper cells. Consequently, both "arms" (B cells and T cells) of the adaptive immune system are impaired due to a defect in one of several possible genes. <P1-S2>  SCID is the most severe form of primary immunodeficiencies, and there are now at least nine different known genes in which mutations lead to a form of SCID. <P1-S3>  It is also known as the bubble boy disease and bubble baby disease because its victims are extremely vulnerable to infectious diseases and some of them, such as David Vetter, have become famous for living in a sterile environment. <P1-S4>  SCID is the result of an immune system so highly compromised that it is considered almost absent. <SEP> <P2-S0> William French Anderson (born December 31, 1936) is an American physician, geneticist and molecular biologist. <P2-S1>  He is considered a pioneer of gene therapy. <P2-S2>  He graduated from Harvard College in 1958 and from Harvard Medical School in 1963. <P2-S3>  In 1990, he claimed to be the first person ever to succeed in gene therapy of a 4-year-old girl suffering from severe combined immunodeficiency (a disorder called "bubble boy disease"). <P2-S4>  His claims may have been exaggerated, albeit, he was not alone. <P2-S5>  In 2006, he was convicted of sexual abuse of a minor and in 2007 was sentenced to 14 years in prison. <SEP> <P3-S0> David Phillip Vetter (September 21, 1971 – February 22, 1984) was a prominent sufferer of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), a hereditary disease which dramatically weakens the immune system. <P3-S1>  Individuals born with SCID are abnormally susceptible to infections, and exposure to typically innocuous pathogens can be fatal. <P3-S2>  Vetter was referred to as "David, the bubble boy" by the media. <P3-S3>  Vetter's surname (last name) was not revealed to the general public until 10 years after his death in order to preserve his family's privacy.
Question: How old was the man for whom Āryabhaṭa numeration is named when he wrote Āryabhaṭīya?

<P0-S0> Sakan Ryokan or "Hotel Sakan" (ホテル佐勘) is an historic ryokan (Japanese inn) located in Sendai, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. <P0-S1>  The inn is over 1,000 years old, and is located within the spa resort named "Akiu Spa," which has four communal onsen (baths) that are supplied by natural hot springs. <P0-S2>  The hot springs are one of the three oldest ones in Japan, and are located near the Natori River. <P0-S3>  The inn was originally started by a man named Kanzaburo Satoh, whom the inn is named after. <P0-S4>  Ownership of the inn has been handed down to Satoh's descendants for 34 generations. <P0-S5>  It is located next to the 400 year old Iwanumaya Hotel. <SEP> <P1-S0> The Āryabhaṭa numeration is a system of numerals based on Sanskrit phonemes. <P1-S1>  It was introduced in the early 6th century in India by Āryabhaṭa, in the first chapter titled "Gītika Padam" of his "Aryabhatiya". <P1-S2>  It attributes a numerical value to each syllable of the form consonant+vowel possible in Sanskrit phonology, from "ka " = 1 up to "hau " = 10. <SEP> <P2-S0> Antidosis (Ancient Greek ἀντίδοσις ), is the title of a speech treatise by the ancient Greek rhetorician, Isocrates. <P2-S1>  The "Antidosis" can be viewed as a defense, an autobiography, or rhetorical treatise. <P2-S2>  However, since Isocrates wrote it when he was 82 years old, it is generally seen by some people as an autobiography. <P2-S3>  The title literally translates as “an exchange,” and was applied in ancient Greek courts as a peculiar law pertaining to an exchange of estates between two parties. <P2-S4>  If one of the 1200 wealthiest Athenians eligible was tasked with the performance of a public liturgy and financing one of the many public concerns of Athens, then he could avoid the duty by nominating a richer man who was more qualified than himself to perform it. <P2-S5>  If the supposedly richer man disagreed with the terms, then the entirety of their estates would be exchanged and the now more wealthy man would have to perform the liturgy, as originally planned. <P2-S6>  The law inspired Isocrates' "Antidosis", which was written in the form of a court case where Isocrates had to defend himself from a charge of corrupting the youth by teaching them how to speak well in order for them to gain an unfair advantage over their peers. <P2-S7>  Although this work is put forward by Isocrates as his imagined defense in a legal case, it is more a treatise on morality and teaching. <SEP> <P3-S0> Aryabhata (IAST: Āryabhaṭa ) or Aryabhata I (476–550 CE) was the first of the major mathematician-astronomers from the classical age of Indian mathematics and Indian astronomy. <P3-S1>  His works include the "Āryabhaṭīya" (499 CE, when he was 23 years old) and the "Arya-siddhanta".