winkelee/scaling-down huggingface dataset:
Question: When was the Grammy Award-winning American recording artist and record producer from Louisville, Kentucky, USA that wrote "rock the Boat" along with Eric Seats and Rapture Stewart born?

<P0-S0> The Soul Seekers is an American gospel music group signed to RCA Inspiration, through their affiliation with GospoCentric Records. <P0-S1>  The group consist of eight members, who are the following; Charlie Bereal, Craig Brockman, Teddy Campbell, Warryn Campbell, Gerald Haddon, Eric Seats, John "Jubu" Smith, and Nisan Stewart. <P0-S2>  In September 2000, the group started with a performance at Stewart's fathers church in Los Angeles that's Greater Emmanuel Temple Church. <P0-S3>  The first album came out in 2005, with GospoCentric and My Block Records, "The Soul Seekers", and this would chart on the "Billboard" Gospel Albums chart. <P0-S4>  Their follow-up album released in 2010, "Soul Seekers II", which charted on the aforementioned chart, along with the Heatseekers Albums chart. <SEP> <P1-S0> "Gotta Leave" is a song by 702, released as the third and final single from their second studio album, "702". <P1-S1>  The song was written and produced by Missy Elliott, Eric Seats, and Rapture Stewart, who were also the writers and producers for their first single "Where My Girls At?" <P1-S2> . <P1-S3>  "Gotta Leave", an R&B/hip hop soul groove containing electronic sounds, had received minor success, only able to reach #58 on the Billboard R&B charts. <SEP> <P2-S0> Stephen Ellis Garrett (November 11, 1974 – February 25, 2008), also known as Static Major, was a Grammy Award-winning American recording artist and record producer from Louisville, Kentucky, USA. <P2-S1>  He was a member of the R&B trio Playa. <P2-S2>  Static Major gained posthumous fame for appearing on Lil Wayne's 2008 album "Tha Carter III" on the song "Lollipop". <P2-S3>  He was a songwriter for several artists, including Aaliyah, Ginuwine, Pretty Ricky, and Destiny's Child. <SEP> <P3-S0> "Rock the Boat" is a song by American recording artist Aaliyah. <P3-S1>  It was written by Static Major, Eric Seats and Rapture Stewart for her 2001 self-titled album "Aaliyah". <P3-S2>  "Rock the Boat" was released as a single in January 2002 in the United States and May 2002 in the United Kingdom. <P3-S3>  Prior to its release as a single, "Rock the Boat" charted as an "album cut" and peaked at number 14 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 in the week of January 5. <P3-S4>  The song stayed on the chart for twenty-five weeks.
Question: Chris Staley is a member of an association of how many independent schools in the United Kingdom?

<P0-S0> The Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference (HMC) is an association of the headmasters or headmistresses of 283 independent schools (both boarding schools and day schools) in the United Kingdom, Crown dependencies and the Republic of Ireland. <P0-S1>  For 2016/2017 the average day fees at a UK HMC school are £4,639 per term or £13,917 per annum. <P0-S2>  For 2016/2017 the average full boarding fees at a UK HMC school are £10,709 per term or £32,127 per annum. <SEP> <P1-S0> Wisbech Grammar School is a co-educational independent school in Wisbech, Cambridgeshire, England, for students aged 11 to 18. <P1-S1>  Founded by the Wisbech Guild of the Holy Trinity in 1379, it is one of the oldest schools in the country. <P1-S2>  The present headmaster is Chris Staley, a member of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference. <P1-S3>  Entry to the senior school at age 11 is based on a competitive examination. <P1-S4>  Pupils are also admitted at later stages, including sixth form. <SEP> <P2-S0> In the United Kingdom, independent schools (also private schools) are fee-paying private schools, governed by an elected board of governors and independent of many of the regulations and conditions that apply to state-funded schools. <P2-S1>  For example, pupils do not have to follow the National Curriculum. <P2-S2>  Many of the older, expensive and more exclusive schools catering for the 13–18 age-range in England and Wales are known as public schools as defined by the Public Schools Act 1868. <P2-S3>  The term "public" being derived from the fact that they were open to pupils regardless of where they lived or their religion (while in many other countries a public school is run by the state or municipality.) <P2-S4> . <P2-S5>  Prep schools, (or preparatory school) educate younger children up to the age of 13 to "prepare" them for entry to the public schools and other independent schools. <P2-S6>  Some former grammar schools converted to an independent fee paying model following the 1965 Circular 10/65 which marked the end of their state funding, others converted into comprehensive schools. <SEP> <P3-S0> The Independent Schools Association (ISA) is an organisation of independent schools in the United Kingdom. <P3-S1>  Founded in 1879, it is one of the country's oldest such groups. <P3-S2>  It is a constituent association of the Independent Schools Council, and has a membership of around 300 schools. <P3-S3>  The association's headquarters are in Saffron Walden, Essex.
Question: What is the name of the former President Jimmy Carter's daughter, who was born in 1967 and had a nanny who was convicted of murder ?

<P0-S0> John William "Jack" Carter (born July 3, 1947) is an American businessman and politician who unsuccessfully ran for the United States Senate in Nevada in 2006. <P0-S1>  Carter is the eldest child of former President Jimmy Carter and former First Lady Rosalynn Carter. <SEP> <P1-S0> Mary Prince is a woman convicted of murder who then became the nanny for Amy Carter, the daughter of Jimmy Carter and Rosalynn Carter. <P1-S1>  Prince became Amy's nanny in 1971 while Jimmy Carter was governor of Georgia and she was a prisoner assigned to the governor's mansion. <P1-S2>  She had been convicted of murdering another woman's boyfriend in 1970. <SEP> <P2-S0> USS "Jimmy Carter" (SSN-23) is the third and last "Seawolf"-class submarine in the United States Navy. <P2-S1>  She is named for Jimmy Carter, the 39th President of the United States; Carter is the only President who had qualified in submarines, having served as a Communications Officer, Sonar Officer, Electronics Officer, Weapons Officer, and Supply Officer while on board USS "Pomfret" . <P2-S2>  "Jimmy Carter" is one of the few ships of the United States Navy (and only the third submarine) to have been named for a person who was alive at the time of the ship's naming, and the only submarine to be named for a living former president. <SEP> <P3-S0> Amy Lynn Carter (born October 19, 1967) is the daughter of former U.S. President Jimmy Carter and his wife Rosalynn Carter. <P3-S1>  Carter entered the limelight as a child when she lived in the White House during the Carter presidency.
Question: The Messerschmitt 109TL was an alternative design proposed as a backup for a fighter version of a plane nicknamed what? 

<P0-S0> The Messerschmitt Bf 109 was a German World War II fighter aircraft. <P0-S1>  It was one of the first true modern fighters of the era, including such features as an all-metal monocoque construction, a closed canopy, and retractable landing gear. <P0-S2>  The Bf 109 was the most produced fighter aircraft during World War II, with 30,573 examples built during the war, and the most produced fighter aircraft in history, with a total of 33,984 units produced up to April 1945. <SEP> <P1-S0> The Messerschmitt Me 262, nicknamed Schwalbe (German: "Swallow") in fighter versions, or Sturmvogel (German: "Storm Bird") in fighter-bomber versions, was the world's first operational jet-powered fighter aircraft. <P1-S1>  Design work started before World War II began, but problems with engines, metallurgy and top-level interference kept the aircraft from operational status with the Luftwaffe until mid-1944. <P1-S2>  The Me 262 was faster and more heavily armed than any Allied fighter, including the British jet-powered Gloster Meteor. <P1-S3>  One of the most advanced aviation designs in operational use during World War II, the Me 262's roles included light bomber, reconnaissance and experimental night fighter versions. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Porsche 109-005 was a turbojet engine, with the factory designation of "TL-300", intended to power the FZG-76B long-range missile (an improved version of the V-1 flying bomb known as the FZG-76), and proposed for use (along with a pair of the V-1's Argus As 014 pulsejets) by Messerschmitt AG for one proposal for the design of the abortive Messerschmitt Me 328 emergency fighter. <SEP> <P3-S0> The Messerschmitt 109TL was a turbojet fighter designed in 1943 by the Messerschmitt company for the "Luftwaffe" during World War II. <P3-S1>  It was an alternative twin-jet design proposed as a backup for the Messerschmitt Me 262.
Question: Who owns the radio station with a talk format that broadcasts out of a city in Bowie County, Texas, United States, located in the Ark-La-Tex region?

<P0-S0> The Texarkana, AR–Texarkana, TX Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), as defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget, is a two-county region anchored by the twin cities of Texarkana, Texas and Texarkana, Arkansas, and encompassing the surrounding communities in Bowie County, Texas and Miller County, Arkansas. <P0-S1>  As of the 2010 census, the MSA had a population of 143,486. <P0-S2>  Texarkana is a subset of the broader Ark-La-Tex region. <SEP> <P1-S0> KTRG 94.1 FM is a radio station licensed to Hooks, Texas, serving the Texarkana, Texas area. <P1-S1>  The station broadcasts a Sports radio format and is owned by Freed AM Corp. <P1-S2>  Studios are located along Summerhill Road in northwest Texarkana, and the transmitter is located northwest of Texarkana city limits in Bowie County. <SEP> <P2-S0> Texarkana is a city in Bowie County, Texas, United States, located in the Ark-La-Tex region. <P2-S1>  It is a twin city with neighboring Texarkana, Arkansas. <P2-S2>  The population of the Texas city was 37,280 at the 2015 census estimate. <P2-S3>  The city and its Arkansas counterpart form the core of the Texarkana Metropolitan Statistical Area, encompassing all of Bowie County, Texas, and Miller County, Arkansas. <P2-S4>  The two cities had a combined population of 66,330 at the 2010 census, and the metropolitan area had a total population of 136,027. <SEP> <P3-S0> KTFS (740 AM) is a radio station broadcasting a talk format. <P3-S1>  Licensed to Texarkana, Texas, United States, it serves the Texarkana area. <P3-S2>  The station is currently owned by Texarkana Radio Center. <P3-S3>  Studios are located on Olive Street, just west of the border with Arkansas, and the transmitter is west of Texarkana city limits in the town of Nash.
Question: Which class of ships was larger, Iowa-class battleship or Essex-class aircraft carrier?

<P0-S0> The "Essex" class was a class of aircraft carriers of the United States Navy that constituted the 20th century's most numerous class of capital ships. <P0-S1>  The class consisted of 24 vessels, which came in "short-hull" and "long-hull" versions. <P0-S2>  Thirty-two ships were originally ordered, but as World War II wound down, six were canceled before construction, and two were canceled after construction had begun. <P0-S3>  No "Essex"-class ships were lost to enemy action, despite several vessels sustaining very heavy damage. <P0-S4>  The "Essex"-class carriers were the backbone of the U.S. Navy's combat strength during World War II from mid-1943 on, and, along with the addition of the three "Midway"-class carriers just after the war, continued to be the heart of U.S. naval strength until the supercarriers began to come into the fleet in numbers during the 1960s and 1970s. <SEP> <P1-S0> USS "Midway" (CVB/CVA/CV-41) was an aircraft carrier of the United States Navy, the lead ship of her class. <P1-S1>  Commissioned a week after the end of World War II, "Midway" was the largest ship in the world until 1955, as well as the first U.S. aircraft carrier too big to transit the Panama Canal. <P1-S2>  A revolutionary hull design, based on the planned "Montana"-class battleship , gave her enhanced protection compared to previous carriers. <P1-S3>  She operated for 47 years, during which time she saw action in the Vietnam War and served as the Persian Gulf flagship in 1991's Operation Desert Storm. <P1-S4>  Decommissioned in 1992, she is now a museum ship at the USS "Midway" Museum, in San Diego, California, and the only remaining U.S. aircraft carrier commissioned right after World War II ended that was not an "Essex"-class aircraft carrier . <SEP> <P2-S0> The "Iowa"-class battleships were a class of six fast battleships ordered by the United States Navy in 1939 and 1940 to escort the Fast Carrier Task Forces that would operate in the Pacific Theater of World War II. <P2-S1>  Four were completed, two more were laid down but canceled in August 1945, at war's end, and both hulls were scrapped in 1958. <P2-S2>  Like other third-generation American battleships, the "Iowa"s followed the design pattern set forth in the preceding "North Carolina"-class and "South Dakota"-class battleships, which emphasized speed in addition to secondary and anti-aircraft batteries. <P2-S3>  Based on wartime experience, they were to serve as fast escorts for "Essex"-class aircraft carrier s. <SEP> <P3-S0> The Saga of the Franklin (1945) is a 16-mm Kodachrome color documentary film produced about the aircraft carrier USS "Franklin", nicknamed "Big Ben", one of 24 Essex-class aircraft carriers built during World War II. <P3-S1>  The aircraft carrier was hit by a Japanese dive bomber on March 19, 1945. <P3-S2>  The "USS Franklin" was the most heavily damaged carrier in World War II to survive an attack.
Question: The real father of Maggie from "The Simpsons" is revealed in "Starship Poopers". He is also an alien voiced by Harry Shearer. Which planet is he from?

<P0-S0> Kang and Kodos are a duo of fictional recurring characters in the animated television series "The Simpsons". <P0-S1>  Kang is voiced by Harry Shearer and Kodos by Dan Castellaneta. <P0-S2>  They are aliens from the fictional planet Rigel VII and appear almost exclusively in the "Treehouse of Horror" episodes. <P0-S3>  The duo has appeared in at least one segment of all twenty-seven Treehouse of Horror episodes. <P0-S4>  Sometimes their appearance is the focus of a plot, other times a brief cameo. <P0-S5>  Kang and Kodos are often bent on the conquest of Earth and are usually seen working on sinister plans to invade and subjugate humanity. <SEP> <P1-S0> The Gravitron (also known as the Starship, Starship 2000, Starship 3000, Starship 4000, Starship Area 51, Starship Gravitron, Starship Exodus, Alien Abduction, Alien Invasion, Twister, Devil's Hole, Area 51, and Enterprise) is an amusement ride, most commonly found as a portable ride at fairs and carnivals. <P1-S1>  The Gravitron first appeared at Morey's Piers in 1983 and quickly became a fixture at amusement parks in many countries. <P1-S2>  It is a modification of an earlier ride called the Rotor. <P1-S3>  The ride was originally designed and manufactured by Wisdom Industries, though several examples of the Gravitron were produced under license by ARM in the UK and Ferrari in Australia. <SEP> <P2-S0> Harry Julius Shearer (born December 23, 1943) is an American actor, voice actor, comedian, writer, musician, author, radio host, director and producer. <P2-S1>  He is known for his long-running roles on "The Simpsons", his work on "Saturday Night Live", the comedy band Spinal Tap and his radio program "Le Show". <P2-S2>  Born in Los Angeles, California, Shearer began his career as a child actor. <P2-S3>  From 1969 to 1976, Shearer was a member of The Credibility Gap, a radio comedy group. <P2-S4>  Following the breakup of the group, Shearer co-wrote the film "Real Life" with Albert Brooks and started writing for Martin Mull's television series "Fernwood 2 Night". <SEP> <P3-S0> "Treehouse of Horror IX" is the fourth episode in the tenth season of the American animated television series "The Simpsons". <P3-S1>  It first aired on the Fox network in the United States on October 25, 1998. <P3-S2>  This is the ninth "Treehouse of Horror" episode, and, like the other "Treehouse of Horror" episodes, contains three self-contained segments: In "Hell Toupée", Homer gets a hair transplant and is possessed by the spirit of an executed criminal; in "Terror of Tiny Toon", Bart and Lisa are trapped in a special, extremely violent episode of "The Itchy & Scratchy Show"; and in "Starship Poopers", Marge reveals that Maggie is the product of a one-night stand with the alien Kang.
Question: In how many countries does the company that owns CMC operate?

<P0-S0> Tata Consultancy Services Limited (TCS) is an Indian multinational information technology (IT) service, consulting and business solutions company Headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra. <P0-S1>  It is a subsidiary of the Tata Group and operates in 46 countries. <SEP> <P1-S0> CMC Limited was an information technology services, consulting and software company having its headquarters in New Delhi, India. <P1-S1>  CMC is part of the TATA Group and is owned by Tata Consultancy Services. <P1-S2>  CMC was incorporated on 26 December 1975, as the 'Computer Management Corporation Private Limited'. <P1-S3>  The Government of India held 100 per cent of the equity share capital and owned by government of India. <P1-S4>  On 19 August 1977, it was converted into a public limited company. <P1-S5>  In October 2001, CMC was privatized by the Government of India, in a sale to India-based Tata Consultancy Services (TCS), the largest software services company in Asia. <P1-S6>  It also features on top ten companies in India. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Corps of Commissionaires is a British security firm that has regional offices around the UK. <P2-S1>  It is the oldest security company in the world. <P2-S2>  Currently trading under the name Corps Security, it is a supplier of specialist security solutions and also owns a monitoring facility in the UK, The Corps Monitoring Centre or CMC. <SEP> <P3-S0> CMC International was an American independent record label founded by Tom Lipsky in 1991, focused mainly on classic rock, and classic heavy metal. <P3-S1>  The label was the haven of many hard rock, arena rock, glam metal and AOR artists in the period when all the majors were investing all their financial efforts on grunge and alternative rock acts. <P3-S2>  In 1995 CMC started a partnership with BMG Entertainment, which in 1999 owned the majority of the company, with founder Tom Lipsky holding a minority stake.
Question: Which Canadian actress, and star of the TV show "Pretty Little Liars," participated in Logan Paul's music video entitled "Help Me Help You"?

<P0-S0> "Help Me Help You" is the debut single by American social media personality Logan Paul. <P0-S1>  The song features vocals from the boy band Why Don't We. <P0-S2>  It was released on May 18, 2017, alongside a music video on YouTube starring Shay Mitchell. <SEP> <P1-S0> "Pretty Little Liars" is a TV series which premiered on ABC Family on June 8, 2010. <P1-S1>  Developed by I. Marlene King, the series is based on the "Pretty Little Liars" book series by Sara Shepard. <P1-S2>  The series follows the lives of four girls, Aria Montgomery, Hanna Marin, Emily Fields, and Spencer Hastings, whose clique falls apart after the disappearance of their leader, Alison DiLaurentis. <P1-S3>  One year later, the estranged friends are reunited as they begin receiving messages from a mysterious figure named "A" who threatens to expose their deepest secrets, including ones they thought only Alison knew. <SEP> <P2-S0> Mary Drake is a fictional character created by I. Marlene King and portrayed by Andrea Parker in the American television series "Pretty Little Liars". <P2-S1>  "Pretty Little Liars" is a television adaptation of the novel series of the same name written by Sara Shepard, in which the antagonist Alison DiLaurentis has an identical twin sister, Courtney DiLaurentis. <P2-S2>  It is believed that Mary is the on-screen counterpart of Courtney, though her recent characterization is more in line with Alison. <P2-S3>  The character makes her first official introduction during the sixth-season finale "Hush, Hush, Sweet Liars". <P2-S4>  The Liars discover that Mary is Jessica DiLaurentis' identical twin sister, a former patient at Radley Sanitarium who is Charlotte's biological mother. <P2-S5>  In "The DArkest Knight", Drake is also revealed to be Spencer Hastings' biological mother. <P2-S6>  During "Till Death Do Us Part", the elusive A.D. is revealed to be Alex Drake, Spencer's younger identical twin sister. <P2-S7>  Alex believed the Liars knew who was accountable for Charlotte's murder and was also set on physically replacing Spencer due to being jealous of the life that she had. <SEP> <P3-S0> Shannon Ashley "Shay" Mitchell (born April 10, 1987) is a Canadian actress, model, entrepreneur and author. <P3-S1>  She is best known for her role as Emily Fields in the Freeform series "Pretty Little Liars".
Question: Who owns the commercial AM radio station in Bakersfield, California that broadcasts programs hosted by many religious figures, including the senior pastor of First Baptist Church in Atlanta, Georgia?

<P0-S0> First Baptist Church (Atlanta), is a megachurch located at 4400 North Peachtree Road at Interstate 285 in Dunwoody, Georgia. <P0-S1>  It is commonly known as First Baptist Atlanta. <P0-S2>  It is an evangelical, Christian church, and is a member of the Southern Baptist Convention. <P0-S3>  Dr. Charles F. Stanley, former President of the Southern Baptist Convention, has been Senior Pastor of the church since 1971. <SEP> <P1-S0> The First Baptist Church of Boron was founded 79 years ago in 1938, as the First Baptist Church of Amargo (the name of the settlement at that time), the first organized church in the community now known as Boron, California, then renamed the Community Baptist Church of Boron, then the First Baptist Church of Boron in 1955. <P1-S1>  Many pastors have served this church since its foundation. <SEP> <P2-S0> Charles Frazier Stanley (born September 25, 1932) is the senior pastor of First Baptist Church in Atlanta, Georgia. <P2-S1>  He is the founder and president of In Touch Ministries and also served two one-year terms as president of the Southern Baptist Convention from 1984 to 1986. <P2-S2>  He has an evangelical and dispensationalist theology. <SEP> <P3-S0> KERI (1410 kHz "Faith & Family 1410 AM") is a commercial AM radio station in Bakersfield, California. <P3-S1>  The station is owned by Robert and Luann Wilkins, through licensee Bob Wilkins Radio Network Broadcasting, Inc. <P3-S2>  It airs a religious radio format. <P3-S3>  Most hours are brokered programming, where national and local religious leaders pay for a segment of time, for preaching or instruction, and where they may appeal to listeners for donations. <P3-S4>  Hosts include Charles Stanley, Jim Daly, John MacArthur, David Jeremiah and Jay Sekulow.
Question: Who has written three novels and several works of non-fiction about the experiences of Chinese Americans, Maxine Hong Kingston or Booth Tarkington?

<P0-S0> Maxine Hong Kingston (; born Maxine Ting Ting Hong; October 27, 1940) is a Chinese American author and Professor Emerita at the University of California, Berkeley, where she graduated with a BA in English in 1962. <P0-S1>  Kingston has written three novels and several works of non-fiction about the experiences of Chinese Americans. <SEP> <P1-S0> Tripmaster Monkey: His Fake Book is the third book written by Maxine Hong Kingston, and was published in 1989. <P1-S1>  The story follows Wittman Ah Sing, an American graduate of University of California, Berkeley of Chinese ancestry in his adventures about San Francisco during the 1960s. <P1-S2>  Heavily influenced by the Beat movement, and exhibiting many prototypical features of postmodernism, the book retains numerous themes, such as ethnicity and prejudice, addressed in Kingston's other works. <P1-S3>  The novel is rampant with allusions to pop-culture and literature, especially the Chinese novel "Journey to the West". <SEP> <P2-S0> Chinese Americans, which includes American-born Chinese, are Americans who have full or partial Chinese ancestry. <P2-S1>  Chinese Americans constitute one group of overseas Chinese and also a subgroup of East Asian Americans, which is further a subgroup of Asian Americans. <P2-S2>  Many Chinese Americans are immigrants along with their descendants from mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan, as well as from other regions that include large populations of the Chinese diaspora, especially Southeast Asia and some Western countries like Canada, United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, and Brazil. <SEP> <P3-S0> Newton Booth Tarkington (July 29, 1869 – May 19, 1946) was an American novelist and dramatist best known for his novels "The Magnificent Ambersons" and "Alice Adams". <P3-S1>  He is one of only three novelists to win the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction more than once, along with William Faulkner and John Updike.
Question: The Taxpayer Choice Act was supported by a U.S. Representative from what state? 

<P0-S0> Richard Keith Armey ( ; born July 7, 1940) is an American politician. <P0-S1>  He was a U.S. Representative from Texas'  (1985–2003) and House Majority Leader (1995–2003). <P0-S2>  He was one of the engineers of the "Republican Revolution" of the 1990s, in which Republicans were elected to majorities of both houses of Congress for the first time in four decades. <P0-S3>  Armey was one of the chief authors of the Contract with America. <P0-S4>  Armey is also an author and former economics professor. <P0-S5>  After his retirement from Congress, he has worked as a consultant, advisor, and lobbyist. <SEP> <P1-S0> John Patton (January 6, 1823 – December 23, 1897) was a U.S. Representative from the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. <P1-S1>  He was the father of Charles Emory Patton, also a U.S. Representative from Pennsylvania (1911–1915), and John Patton Jr., a U.S. Senator from Michigan (1894–1895), and the uncle of William Irvin Swoope, also a U.S. Representative from Pennsylvania (1923–1927). <SEP> <P2-S0> The Respect for Marriage Act, abbreviated as RFMA ( , ), was a proposed bill in the United States Congress that would have repealed the Defense of Marriage Act and required the U.S. federal government to recognize the validity of same-sex marriages. <P2-S1>  It was supported by former U.S. Representative Bob Barr, original sponsor of the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA), and former President Bill Clinton, who signed DOMA in 1996. <P2-S2>  The administration of President Barack Obama also supported RFMA. <SEP> <P3-S0> The Taxpayer Choice Act ( / ) was a proposed bill in the United States Congress which, if enacted, would have amended the Internal Revenue Code to eliminate the alternative minimum tax on individual taxpayers. <P3-S1>  The bill was reproposed in 2009. <P3-S2>  The bill was not voted upon in either session. <P3-S3>  The legislation would create an alternative, simplified tax that individuals may choose over the current personal income tax. <P3-S4>  The new system would have two tax rates (up to $100K at 10% and 25% for everything above), a large standard deduction with no special deductions, and is argued to greatly reduce the damage and complexity caused by the current income tax. <P3-S5>  The bill would also make permanent the capital gains and dividends rate reductions enacted by the "Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act". <P3-S6>  In the House, the bill was introduced by Rep. Paul Ryan (R-WI), ranking member on the House Budget Committee, and had 83 cosponsors in 2007 and 22 fellow Republicans in 2009. <P3-S7>  The bill was introduced in the Senate by Jim Demint. <P3-S8>  The plan has been supported by FreedomWorks, former House Majority Leader Dick Armey, and former 2008 presidential candidate Fred Thompson.
Question: `Who is the publisher of the comic book in which the founder of the antarctic press sometimes filled in for Rice on the art?

<P0-S0> Ben Dunn (born April 17, 1964 in Taiwan) is an American comic book artist. <P0-S1>  Although born in Taiwan, he grew up in Taiwan, Kentucky, and San Antonio, Texas, where he graduated from Central Catholic Marianist High School. <P0-S2>  It was in Taiwan that he was first exposed to Japanese manga. <P0-S3>  In 1984 he founded Antarctic Press, an American comic book company specializing in Manga-style titles. <P0-S4>  In 2003, he sold Antarctic to start his own development company, Sentai Studios. <SEP> <P1-S0> Avengelyne [uh-van'-jah-leen] is a fictional comic book character created by Rob Liefeld and Cathy Christian. <P1-S1>  Avengelyne is an angel who fights the forces of evil and often finds herself face-to-face with demons and monsters. <P1-S2>  The original character design for Avengelyne was based on the likeness of former "Vampirella" model Cathy Christian. <P1-S3>  Originally published in 1995 by Maximum Press, she was also inspired by Ben Dunn's comic Warrior Nun Areala from Antarctic Press. <SEP> <P2-S0> Dynamo Joe was a comic book series published by First Comics from 1986–1988. <P2-S1>  Created, plotted and drawn by Doug Rice, it was scripted first by John Ostrander then by Phil Foglio. <P2-S2>  Ben Dunn sometimes filled in for Rice on the art. <SEP> <P3-S0> David Hahn is a western Montana-based comic book artist born on May 17,1967 in Los Angeles in. <P3-S1>  He is best known for his work illustrating the comic book mini-series "Bite Club" and its sequel "Bite Club: Vampire Crime Unit" for DC Comics, where he also illustrated stories for "Robin", "Fables", "Batman: The Ultimate Training Guide", and "Lucifer". <P3-S2>  Much of his early work was published by Antarctic Press in "Fun and Perils in the Trudyverse". <P3-S3>  Hahn later moved his work to Slave Labor Graphics and restarted the series under the name "Private Beach", which garnered him an Eisner Award nomination. <P3-S4>  He has also written an X-Men story for "Ultimate X-Men" #11 for Marvel Comics and drawn a story for Michael Chabon's "The Escapist" #5, written by Howard Chaykin, drawn several issues of Marvel Adventures:The Fantastic Four, as well five issues of "Spider-Man Loves Mary Jane".
Question: What actress from Places in the Heart also won an Emmy for portraying the role of Sarah Weddington?

<P0-S0> Allison Brooks Janney (born November 19, 1959) is an American actress. <P0-S1>  A seven-time Primetime Emmy Award winner for her television work, her first four Emmy wins were for her role as C. J. Cregg on the NBC drama "The West Wing" (1999–2006). <P0-S2>  In 2014, she won the Emmy for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series for her role as Margaret Scully on the Showtime series "Masters of Sex". <P0-S3>  In 2014 and 2015, she won the Emmy for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series for her role as Bonnie Plunkett on the CBS sitcom "Mom". <SEP> <P1-S0> Places in the Heart is a 1984 American drama film written and directed by Robert Benton about a U.S. Depression-era Texas widow who tries to save the family farm with the help of a blind white man and a poor black man. <P1-S1>  The film stars Sally Field, Lindsay Crouse, Ed Harris, Ray Baker, Amy Madigan, John Malkovich, Danny Glover, Jerry Haynes and Terry O'Quinn. <P1-S2>  It was filmed in Waxahachie, Texas. <P1-S3>  Field won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance. <SEP> <P2-S0> Amy Marie Madigan (born September 11, 1950) is an American actress, producer, and singer. <P2-S1>  She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for the 1985 film "Twice in a Lifetime". <P2-S2>  Her other film credits include "Love Child" (1982), "Places in the Heart" (1984), "Field of Dreams" (1989), "Uncle Buck" (1989), "The Dark Half" (1993), "Pollock" (2000), and "Gone Baby Gone" (2007). <P2-S3>  Madigan won the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress on Television and was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Miniseries or a Movie for her portrayal of Sarah Weddington in the 1989 television film "Roe vs. Wade". <SEP> <P3-S0> Blythe Katherine Danner (born February 3, 1943) is an American actress. <P3-S1>  She won two Primetime Emmy Awards for Best Supporting Actress in a Drama Series for her role as Izzy Huffstodt on "Huff" (2004–2006), and a Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Play for her performance in "Butterflies Are Free" (1969–1972). <P3-S2>  Danner was nominated for two Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series for portraying Marilyn Truman on "Will & Grace" (2001–2006), and the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Miniseries or a Movie for her roles in "We Were the Mulvaneys" (2002) and "Back When We Were Grownups" (2004). <P3-S3>  For the latter, she was also nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Miniseries or Television Film.
Question: Who wrote the "Billboard" Hot 100 number-one hit, featured on Now That's What I Call Music!18?

<P0-S0> Now That's What I Call Music! <P0-S1>  40 was released on November 8, 2011. <P0-S2>  The album is the 40th edition of the "Now! <P0-S3> " series in the United States. <P0-S4>  To celebrate the release of its 40th disc, two versions were released: the standard edition containing "16 of the hottest tracks from the last few months", including the "Billboard" Hot 100 number-one hit, "Moves Like Jagger", and a two-disc Deluxe Edition set that "includes all the hits in the standard set, as well as the greatest hits from the last several years featured on previous sets." <SEP> <P1-S0> "Drop It Like It's Hot" is a hit single by American rapper Snoop Dogg featuring American singer and producer Pharrell. <P1-S1>  Snoop Dogg performs the chorus and the second and third verses (of three), while Pharrell performs the first verse. <P1-S2>  Pharrell's verse includes a line from "Raspy Shit" (a song from his debut album "In My Mind"), which was produced by The Neptunes and contains vocal samples from Laid Back's "White Horse". <P1-S3>  Part of "White Horse"'s production is sampled in "Drop It Like It's Hot" as well. <SEP> <P2-S0> Now That's What I Call Music! <P2-S1>  52 is the 52nd edition of the "Now! <P2-S2> " series in the United States. <P2-S3>  It was released on October 27, 2014. <P2-S4>  It includes the "Billboard" Hot 100 number-one hit, "All About That Bass". <SEP> <P3-S0> Now That's What I Call Music! <P3-S1>  18 is the 18th edition of the Now! <P3-S2>  series in the United States and was released on March 15, 2005. <P3-S3>  The album peaked at number two on the "Billboard" 200 and has been certified Platinum. <P3-S4>  It features one "Billboard" Hot 100 number-one hit, "Drop It Like It's Hot".
Question: Professor Martin McLaughlin is a fellow of a constituent college that as of 2014 had an estimated financial endowment of what?

<P0-S0> Martin L. McLaughlin is Professor of Italian and Agnelli-Serena Professor of Italian Studies in the Faculty of Medieval and Modern Languages, University of Oxford where he is a Fellow of Magdalen College. <P0-S1>  In addition to his published academic results he is the English translator of Umberto Eco's "On Literature" and Italo Calvino's "Hermit in Paris". <SEP> <P1-S0> A financial endowment is a donation of money or property to a nonprofit organization for the ongoing support of that organization. <P1-S1>  Usually the endowment is structured so that the principal amount is kept intact while the investment income is available for use, or part of the principal is released each year, which allows for their donation to have an impact over a longer period than if it were spent all at once. <P1-S2>  An endowment may come with stipulations regarding its usage. <SEP> <P2-S0> Magdalen College ( ) is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford. <P2-S1>  s of 2014 , the college had an estimated financial endowment of £180.8 million. <SEP> <P3-S0> Corpus Christi College (full name:"The President and Scholars of the College of Corpus Christi in the University of Oxford") is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom. <P3-S1>  Founded in 1517, it is the 12th oldest college in Oxford, with a financial endowment of £112.6M as of 2015.
Question: Stokes problem was named after the physicist who spent his career at what college?

<P0-S0> In physics or engineering education, a Fermi problem, Fermi quiz, Fermi question, Fermi estimate, or order estimation is an estimation problem designed to teach dimensional analysis, approximation, and such a problem is usually a back-of-the-envelope calculation. <P0-S1>  The estimation technique is named after physicist Enrico Fermi as he was known for his ability to make good approximate calculations with little or no actual data. <P0-S2>  Fermi problems typically involve making justified guesses about quantities and their variance or lower and upper bounds. <SEP> <P1-S0> In fluid dynamics, Rayleigh problem also known as Stokes first problem is a problem of determining the flow created by a sudden movement of a plane from rest, named after Lord Rayleigh and Sir George Stokes. <P1-S1>  This is considered as one of the simplest unsteady problem that have exact solution for the Navier-Stokes equations. <SEP> <P2-S0> In fluid dynamics, Stokes problem also known as Stokes second problem is a problem of determining the flow created by an oscillating plate, named after Sir George Stokes. <P2-S1>  This is considered as one of the simplest unsteady problem that have exact solution for the Navier-Stokes equations. <SEP> <P3-S0> Sir George Gabriel Stokes, 1st Baronet, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} ( ; 13 August 1819 – 1 February 1903), was a physicist and mathematician. <P3-S1>  Born in Ireland, Stokes spent all of his career at the University of Cambridge, where he served as Lucasian Professor of Mathematics from 1849 until his death in 1903. <P3-S2>  In physics, Stokes made seminal contributions to fluid dynamics (including the Navier–Stokes equations) and to physical optics. <P3-S3>  In mathematics he formulated the first version of what is now known as Stokes' theorem and contributed to the theory of asymptotic expansions. <P3-S4>  He served as secretary, then president, of the Royal Society of London.
Question: From which school of the Mount Vernon City School District was teacher fired, causing the school district to receive national attention?

<P0-S0> The Clairton City School District is a diminutive, suburban, public school district. <P0-S1>  The Clairton City School District encompasses approximately 1 sqmi serving the City of Clairton in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. <P0-S2>  According to 2000 federal census data, it served a resident population of 8,491. <P0-S3>  By 2010, the district's population declined to 6,797 people. <P0-S4>  In 2009, Clairton City School District residents' per capita income was $14,608, while the median family income was $31,539. <P0-S5>  In the Commonwealth, the median family income was $49,501 and the United States median family income was $49,445, in 2010. <SEP> <P1-S0> Mount Vernon City School District is a public school district serving students Mount Vernon in Knox County, Ohio. <P1-S1>  It oversees Mount Vernon High School, Mount Vernon Middle School, Columbia Elementary, Dan Emmett Elementary, East Elementary, Pleasant Street Elementary, Twin Oak Elementary, and Wiggin Street Elementary. <P1-S2>  The district received national attention when the board voted to fire John Freshwater for branding a student with a Christian cross and teaching creationism. <SEP> <P2-S0> John Freshwater (born June 22, 1956) is a former science teacher at Mount Vernon Middle School in Mount Vernon, Ohio, who was dismissed by the Board of Education for teaching creationism in a public school. <SEP> <P3-S0> The Belle Vernon Area School District is a midsized, suburban, public school district located approximately 25 mi southeast of Pittsburgh in rural Westmoreland County and Fayette County. <P3-S1>  The present school district was formed by a merger of the previous Belmar (having itself been the result of a merge between the Belle Vernon and Marion school districts) and Rostraver school districts in 1965. <P3-S2>  The district serves five political subdivisions located in 2 counties: Washington Township, Fayette City, North Belle Vernon, Belle Vernon, and Rostraver Township. <P3-S3>  Belle Vernon Area School District area is 42.2 sqmi . <P3-S4>  Belle Vernon Area School District in southwestern Pennsylvania lies midway between the cities of Pittsburgh on the north, Uniontown on the south, Washington to the west, and Greensburg to the east. <P3-S5>  Belle Vernon Area School District had a population as of 2000 of 20,127 residents. <P3-S6>  By 2010, the District's population declined to 18,912 people. <P3-S7>  The educational attainment levels for the School District population (25 years old and over) were 91% high school graduates and 21.6% college graduates. <P3-S8>  The District is one of the 500 public school districts of Pennsylvania.
Question: Call a spade a spade has been used in literary works by what British playwright, novelist, and short story writer who was reportedly the highest-paid author during the 1930s?

<P0-S0> John Emil Augustine (born March 12, 1975) is an American novelist, short story writer, singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, mental health advocate, and teacher. <P0-S1>  Augustine’s literary works are best known for their emphasis on the author’s own spousal abuse at the hands of a mentally unstable wife and the effects of that abuse on subsequent relationships. <P0-S2>  Less than a year after its release, his first novel, "From the Abyss" (2013), was recognized as one of the "50 Self-Published Books Worth Reading" by Indie Author Land, 2013/14. <P0-S3>  His musical career spans four decades (1987–present); however, little information has been released by Augustine himself regarding his career in music. <P0-S4>  His participation in the Minneapolis music scene is alluded to in his memoir-oriented novels as well as in subsequent interviews. <SEP> <P1-S0> Elling M. Solheim (17 January 1905 – 5 January 1971) was a Norwegian poet, playwright and short story writer. <P1-S1>  He was born in Norderhov. <P1-S2>  His first literary work, "Preludium" from 1925, was not published due to bankruptcy of the publishing house. <P1-S3>  His first published poetry collection was "Jeg lever idag" from 1934. <P1-S4>  From the late 1930s he suffered from multiple sclerosis, but continued writing poetry and other literary works. <P1-S5>  He died in Ringerike in 1971. <P1-S6>  A bronze bust of Solheim, sculptured by Ståle Kyllingstad, is located at the Ringerike public library. <SEP> <P2-S0> To "call a spade a spade" is a figurative expression which refers to calling something "as it is", that is, by its right or proper name, without "beating about the bush"—being outspoken about it, truthfully, frankly, and directly, even to the point of being blunt or rude, and even if the subject is considered coarse, impolite, or unpleasant. <P2-S1>  The idiom originates in the classical Greek of Plutarch's "Apophthegmata Laconica," and was introduced into the English language in 1542 in Nicolas Udall's translation of the "Apophthegmes," where Erasmus had seemingly replaced Plutarch's images of "trough" and "fig" with the more familiar "spade." <P2-S2>  The idiom has appeared in many literary and popular works, including those of Oscar Wilde, Charles Dickens, W. Somerset Maugham, and Jonathan Swift. <SEP> <P3-S0> William Somerset Maugham CH ( ; 25 January 1874 – 16 December 1965), better known as W. Somerset Maugham, was a British playwright, novelist and short story writer. <P3-S1>  He was among the most popular writers of his era and reputedly the highest-paid author during the 1930s.
Question: Aladdin is a musical with lyrics by an American lyricist whose first collaboration with Alan Menken was with what 1979 musical?

<P0-S0> Aladdin is a musical based on the 1992 Disney animated film of the same name with music by Alan Menken and lyrics by Howard Ashman, Tim Rice and Chad Beguelin. <P0-S1>  Beguelin also wrote the book. <P0-S2>  The musical includes three songs written for the film by Ashman but not used there and four new songs written by Menken and Beguelin. <SEP> <P1-S0> Kurt Vonnegut's God Bless You, Mr. Rosewater is a 1979 musical that marked the first collaboration of composer Alan Menken and writer Howard Ashman. <P1-S1>  Based on Kurt Vonnegut's 1965 novel of the same name, the musical tells the story of Eliot Rosewater, a millionaire who develops a social conscience and creates a foundation to improve the lives of the citizens of an impoverished Indiana town. <SEP> <P2-S0> Howard Elliott Ashman (May 17, 1950 – March 14, 1991) was an American playwright and lyricist. <P2-S1>  He collaborated with Alan Menken on several works and is most widely known for several animated feature films for Disney, for which Ashman wrote the lyrics and Menken composed the music. <P2-S2>  Ashman and Menken began their collaboration with the musical "God Bless You, Mr. Rosewater" (1979), for which Ashman directed and wrote both book and lyrics. <P2-S3>  Their next musical, "Little Shop of Horrors" (1982) for which Ashman again directed and wrote both book and lyrics, became a long-running success and led to a 1986 feature film. <P2-S4>  The partnership's first Disney film was "The Little Mermaid" (1989), followed by "Beauty and the Beast" (1991). <P2-S5>  After his death, some of Ashman's songs were included in another Disney film, "Aladdin" (1992). <SEP> <P3-S0> Disney's Aladdin: A Musical Spectacular was a Broadway-style show based on Disney's 1992 animated film "Aladdin" with music by Alan Menken and lyrics by Howard Ashman, Tim Rice and Alan Menken.
Question: Who was the most important leader of the labor group that Alzina Stevens represented?

<P0-S0> Sergei Egorovich Shevitch (spelled variously, c. 1847-1911) ( Сергей Егорович Шевич) was a Russian newspaper editor and socialist political activist who achieved his greatest fame in the United States of America. <P0-S1>  As editor of the "New Yorker Volkszeitung" (New York People's News) from 1879 to 1890, Shevitch emerged as arguably the most important leader of the Socialist Labor Party of America. <P0-S2>  In 1889, Shevitch was the leader of a split of the Socialist Labor Party of America, emerging victorious and serving for a short while as the National Secretary of the organization. <SEP> <P1-S0> Knights of Labor (K of L), officially Noble and Holy Order of the Knights of Labor, was the largest and one of the most important American labor organizations of the 1880s. <P1-S1>  Its most important leader was Terence V. Powderly. <P1-S2>  The Knights promoted the social and cultural uplift of the workingman, rejected socialism and anarchism, demanded the eight-hour day, and promoted the producers ethic of republicanism. <P1-S3>  In some cases it acted as a labor union, negotiating with employers, but it was never well organized, and after a rapid expansion in the mid-1880s, it suddenly lost its new members and became a small operation again. <SEP> <P2-S0> Ian Neal Stevens (born 13 April 1948) is a former New Zealand rugby union player. <P2-S1>  A halfback and first five-eighth, Stevens represented Wellington at a provincial level, and was a member of the New Zealand national side, the All Blacks, from 1972 to 1976. <P2-S2>  He played 33 games for the All Blacks, including one as captain, and appeared in three test matches. <SEP> <P3-S0> Alzina Stevens ("née" Parsons; May 27, 1849 – June 3, 1900) was an American labor leader, industrial reformer, journalist, and suffragist from Maine, active in Hull House. <P3-S1>  She was one of the representative women in the order of the Knights of Labor, and her history was, in some of its phases, a cornerstone of woman's work in the U.S. labor movement in the last decades of the 19th century. <P3-S2>  Stevens was an ardent advocate of equal suffrage. <P3-S3>  For several years, she served on the editorial staff of the "Toledo Bee"; she was also half owner and editor of the "Vanguard", an organ of the People's Party.