Question: Who was spouse of the person who defeated the last Song emperor of the country the person who was able to describe the process of evaporation was in?

<P0-S0> According to "The Secret History of the Mongols", Chabi was the favorite wife of Kublai and a valued unofficial adviser throughout his reign. <P0-S1> She was a patron of the arts and may have played a key role in advancing the interests of the young Venetian traveler, Marco Polo. <P0-S2> It is suspected that Chabi herself may have come under Christian influence, like her mother-in-law, Sorghaghtani. <SEP> <P1-S0> a system akin to the bessemer process has existed since the 11th century in east asia. <P1-S1> economic historian robert hartwell writes that the chinese of the song dynasty innovated a ``partial decarbonization ''method of repeated forging of cast iron under a cold blast. <P1-S2> sinologist joseph needham and historian of metallurgy theodore a. wertime have described the method as a predecessor to the bessemer process of making steel. <P1-S3> this process was first described by the prolific scholar and polymath government official shen kuo (1031 -- 1095) in 1075, when he visited cizhou. <P1-S4> hartwell states that perhaps the earliest center where this was practiced was the great iron - production district along the henan -- hebei border during the 11th century. <SEP> <P2-S0> muhammad bidar bakht (; 4 august 1670 – 8 june 1707) was a mughal prince and the eldest son of muhammad azam shah, who briefly became mughal emperor in 1707. he was noted for being a gallant, skilful and successful general and was regarded as the most able mughal prince of his time. <P2-S1> he was the favourite grandson of emperor aurangzeb. <SEP> <P3-S0> Han-era astronomers adopted a geocentric model of the universe, theorizing that it was shaped like a sphere surrounding the earth in the center. <P3-S1> They assumed that the Sun, Moon, and planets were spherical and not disc-shaped. <P3-S2> They also thought that the illumination of the Moon and planets was caused by sunlight, that lunar eclipses occurred when the Earth obstructed sunlight falling onto the Moon, and that a solar eclipse occurred when the Moon obstructed sunlight from reaching the Earth. <P3-S3> Although others disagreed with his model, Wang Chong accurately described the water cycle of the evaporation of water into clouds. <SEP> <P4-S0> The Song dynasty is divided into two distinct periods, Northern and Southern. <P4-S1> During the Northern Song (Chinese: 北宋; 960 -- 1127), the Song capital was in the northern city of Bianjing (now Kaifeng) and the dynasty controlled most of what is now Eastern China. <P4-S2> The Southern Song (Chinese: 南宋; 1127 -- 1279) refers to the period after the Song lost control of its northern half to the Jurchen Jin dynasty in the Jin -- Song Wars. <P4-S3> During this time, the Song court retreated south of the Yangtze and established its capital at Lin'an (now Hangzhou). <P4-S4> Although the Song dynasty had lost control of the traditional ``birthplace of Chinese civilization ''along the Yellow River, the Song economy was still strong, as the Southern Song Empire contained a large population and productive agricultural land. <P4-S5> The Southern Song dynasty considerably bolstered its naval strength to defend its waters and land borders and to conduct maritime missions abroad. <P4-S6> To repel the Jin, and later the Mongols, the Song developed revolutionary new military technology augmented by the use of gunpowder. <P4-S7> In 1234, the Jin dynasty was conquered by the Mongols, who took control of northern China, maintaining uneasy relations with the Southern Song. <P4-S8> Möngke Khan, the fourth Great Khan of the Mongol Empire, died in 1259 while besieging the city of Chongqing. <P4-S9> His younger brother Kublai Khan was proclaimed the new Great Khan, though his claim was only partially recognized by the Mongols in the west. <P4-S10> In 1271, Kublai Khan was proclaimed the Emperor of China. <P4-S11> After two decades of sporadic warfare, Kublai Khan's armies conquered the Song dynasty in 1279. <P4-S12> The Mongol invasion led to a reunification under the Yuan dynasty (1271 -- 1368). <SEP> <P5-S0> Wang Chong (; 27 – c. 100 AD), courtesy name Zhongren (仲任), was a Chinese meteorologist, astronomer, and philosopher active during the Han Dynasty. <P5-S1> He developed a rational, secular, naturalistic and mechanistic account of the world and of human beings and gave a materialistic explanation of the origin of the universe. <P5-S2> His main work was the "Lunheng" (論衡, "Critical Essays"). <P5-S3> This book contained many theories involving early sciences of astronomy and meteorology, and Wang Chong was even the first in Chinese history to mention the use of the square-pallet chain pump, which became common in irrigation and public works in China thereafter. <P5-S4> Wang also accurately described the process of the water cycle.