Question: When was the region immediately north of the region that prevailed with the disgrace of Near East and the terrain feature on which shamal is located created?

<P0-S0> A shamal (, 'north') is a northwesterly wind blowing over Iraq and the Persian Gulf states (including Saudi Arabia and Kuwait), often strong during the day, but decreasing at night. <P0-S1> This weather effect occurs anywhere from once to several times a year, mostly in summer but sometimes in winter. <P0-S2> The resulting wind typically creates large sandstorms that impact Iraq, most sand having been picked up from Jordan and Syria. <SEP> <P1-S0> Subsequently with the disgrace of "Near East" in diplomatic and military circles, "Middle East" prevailed. <P1-S1> However, "Near East" continues in some circles at the discretion of the defining agency or academic department. <P1-S2> They are not generally considered distinct regions as they were at their original definition. <SEP> <P2-S0> deuteronilus mensae is a region on mars 937 km across and centered at . <P2-S1> it covers 344°–325° west and 40°–48° north. <P2-S2> deuteronilus region lies just to the north of arabia terra and is included in the ismenius lacus quadrangle. <P2-S3> it is along the dichotomy boundary, that is between the old, heavily cratered southern highlands and the low plains of the northern hemisphere. <P2-S4> the region contains flat-topped knobby terrain that may have been formed by glaciers at some time in the past. <P2-S5> deuteronilus mensae is to the immediate west of protonilus mensae and ismeniae fossae. <P2-S6> glaciers persist in the region in modern times, with at least one glacier estimated to have formed as recently as 100,000 to 10,000 years ago. <P2-S7> recent evidence from the radar on the mars reconnaissance orbiter has shown that parts of deuteronilus mensae do indeed contain ice. <SEP> <P3-S0> marinus is a lunar impact crater that is located near the southeastern limb of the moon. <P3-S1> at this location it is viewed at an oblique angle from the earth, limiting the amount of detail that can be observed. <P3-S2> it lies due north of the slightly larger and dark-floored crater oken. <P3-S3> to the east is the northern part of the mare australe. <SEP> <P4-S0> The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a country situated in Southwest Asia, the largest country of Arabia, bordering the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea, north of Yemen. <P4-S1> Its extensive coastlines on the Persian Gulf and Red Sea provide great leverage on shipping (especially crude oil) through the Persian Gulf and Suez Canal. <P4-S2> The kingdom occupies 80% of the Arabian Peninsula. <P4-S3> Most of the country's boundaries with the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Oman, and the Republic of Yemen (formerly two separate countries: the Yemen Arab Republic or North Yemen; and the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen or South Yemen) are undefined, so the exact size of the country remains unknown. <P4-S4> The Saudi government estimate is at 2,217,949 square kilometres, while other reputable estimates vary between 2,149,690 and 2,240,000 sq. <P4-S5> kilometres. <P4-S6> Less than 1% of the total area is suitable for cultivation, and in the early 1990s, population distribution varied greatly among the towns of the eastern and western coastal areas, the densely populated interior oases, and the vast, almost empty deserts. <SEP> <P5-S0> For much of the region's history a patchwork of tribal rulers controlled most of the area. <P5-S1> The Al Saud (the Saudi royal family) emerged as minor tribal rulers in Najd in central Arabia. <P5-S2> From the mid-18th century, imbued with the religious zeal of the Wahhabi Islamic movement, they became aggressively expansionist. <P5-S3> Over the following 150 years, the extent of the Al Saud territory fluctuated. <P5-S4> However, between 1902 and 1927, the Al Saud leader, Abdulaziz, carried out a series of wars of conquest which resulted in his establishing the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 1930.