Question: When was the region that lies to the north of what used to be known as the "Near East" and the location of Operation Earnest Will established?

<P0-S0> marinus is a lunar impact crater that is located near the southeastern limb of the moon. <P0-S1> at this location it is viewed at an oblique angle from the earth, limiting the amount of detail that can be observed. <P0-S2> it lies due north of the slightly larger and dark-floored crater oken. <P0-S3> to the east is the northern part of the mare australe. <SEP> <P1-S0> The area of modern - day Saudi Arabia formerly consisted of four distinct regions: Hejaz, Najd and parts of Eastern Arabia (Al - Ahsa) and Southern Arabia ('Asir). <P1-S1> The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was founded in 1932 by Ibn Saud. <P1-S2> He united the four regions into a single state through a series of conquests beginning in 1902 with the capture of Riyadh, the ancestral home of his family, the House of Saud. <P1-S3> Saudi Arabia has since been an absolute monarchy, effectively a hereditary dictatorship governed along Islamic lines. <P1-S4> The ultraconservative Wahhabi religious movement within Sunni Islam has been called ``the predominant feature of Saudi culture '', with its global spread largely financed by the oil and gas trade. <P1-S5> Saudi Arabia is sometimes called`` the Land of the Two Holy Mosques'' in reference to Al - Masjid al - Haram (in Mecca) and Al - Masjid an - Nabawi (in Medina), the two holiest places in Islam. <P1-S6> As of 2013, the state had a total population of 28.7 million, of which 20 million were Saudi nationals and 8 million were foreigners. <P1-S7> As of 2017, the population is 33 million. <P1-S8> The state's official language is Arabic. <SEP> <P2-S0> According to Bradley Peniston, the attack by the U.S. helped pressure Iran to agree to a ceasefire with Iraq later that summer, ending the eight-year conflict between the Persian Gulf neighbors. <SEP> <P3-S0> Subsequently with the disgrace of "Near East" in diplomatic and military circles, "Middle East" prevailed. <P3-S1> However, "Near East" continues in some circles at the discretion of the defining agency or academic department. <P3-S2> They are not generally considered distinct regions as they were at their original definition. <SEP> <P4-S0> The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a country situated in Southwest Asia, the largest country of Arabia, bordering the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea, north of Yemen. <P4-S1> Its extensive coastlines on the Persian Gulf and Red Sea provide great leverage on shipping (especially crude oil) through the Persian Gulf and Suez Canal. <P4-S2> The kingdom occupies 80% of the Arabian Peninsula. <P4-S3> Most of the country's boundaries with the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Oman, and the Republic of Yemen (formerly two separate countries: the Yemen Arab Republic or North Yemen; and the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen or South Yemen) are undefined, so the exact size of the country remains unknown. <P4-S4> The Saudi government estimate is at 2,217,949 square kilometres, while other reputable estimates vary between 2,149,690 and 2,240,000 sq. <P4-S5> kilometres. <P4-S6> Less than 1% of the total area is suitable for cultivation, and in the early 1990s, population distribution varied greatly among the towns of the eastern and western coastal areas, the densely populated interior oases, and the vast, almost empty deserts. <SEP> <P5-S0> hertfordshire is the county immediately north of london and is part of the east of england region, a mainly statistical unit. <P5-S1> a significant minority of the population across all districts are city of london commuters. <P5-S2> to the east is essex, to the west is buckinghamshire and to the north are bedfordshire and cambridgeshire.