Question: The country in what was the Near East and bordering the sea over which shamal winds blow was established when?

<P0-S0> skendleby is a small village and civil parish in the east lindsey district of lincolnshire, england. <P0-S1> it is situated near to the a158 and lies east from the county town lincoln, and about north-east from the town of spilsby. <P0-S2> the village stands near the south-eastern edge of the lincolnshire wolds. <SEP> <P1-S0> The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a country situated in Southwest Asia, the largest country of Arabia, bordering the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea, north of Yemen. <P1-S1> Its extensive coastlines on the Persian Gulf and Red Sea provide great leverage on shipping (especially crude oil) through the Persian Gulf and Suez Canal. <P1-S2> The kingdom occupies 80% of the Arabian Peninsula. <P1-S3> Most of the country's boundaries with the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Oman, and the Republic of Yemen (formerly two separate countries: the Yemen Arab Republic or North Yemen; and the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen or South Yemen) are undefined, so the exact size of the country remains unknown. <P1-S4> The Saudi government estimate is at 2,217,949 square kilometres, while other reputable estimates vary between 2,149,690 and 2,240,000 sq. <P1-S5> kilometres. <P1-S6> Less than 1% of the total area is suitable for cultivation, and in the early 1990s, population distribution varied greatly among the towns of the eastern and western coastal areas, the densely populated interior oases, and the vast, almost empty deserts. <SEP> <P2-S0> striation valley is a valley trending south-east towards george vi sound, lying immediately north of jupiter glacier, near the east coast of alexander island, antarctica. <P2-S1> the valley was first surveyed by a field party from the department of geography at the university of aberdeen, with british antarctic survey support, in 1978-79. the name derives from glacial striations found on rocks in the valley. <P2-S2> the site lies within antarctic specially protected area (aspa) no.147. <SEP> <P3-S0> The area of modern - day Saudi Arabia formerly consisted of four distinct regions: Hejaz, Najd and parts of Eastern Arabia (Al - Ahsa) and Southern Arabia ('Asir). <P3-S1> The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was founded in 1932 by Ibn Saud. <P3-S2> He united the four regions into a single state through a series of conquests beginning in 1902 with the capture of Riyadh, the ancestral home of his family, the House of Saud. <P3-S3> Saudi Arabia has since been an absolute monarchy, effectively a hereditary dictatorship governed along Islamic lines. <P3-S4> The ultraconservative Wahhabi religious movement within Sunni Islam has been called ``the predominant feature of Saudi culture '', with its global spread largely financed by the oil and gas trade. <P3-S5> Saudi Arabia is sometimes called`` the Land of the Two Holy Mosques'' in reference to Al - Masjid al - Haram (in Mecca) and Al - Masjid an - Nabawi (in Medina), the two holiest places in Islam. <P3-S6> As of 2013, the state had a total population of 28.7 million, of which 20 million were Saudi nationals and 8 million were foreigners. <P3-S7> As of 2017, the population is 33 million. <P3-S8> The state's official language is Arabic. <SEP> <P4-S0> A shamal (, 'north') is a northwesterly wind blowing over Iraq and the Persian Gulf states (including Saudi Arabia and Kuwait), often strong during the day, but decreasing at night. <P4-S1> This weather effect occurs anywhere from once to several times a year, mostly in summer but sometimes in winter. <P4-S2> The resulting wind typically creates large sandstorms that impact Iraq, most sand having been picked up from Jordan and Syria. <SEP> <P5-S0> Subsequently with the disgrace of "Near East" in diplomatic and military circles, "Middle East" prevailed. <P5-S1> However, "Near East" continues in some circles at the discretion of the defining agency or academic department. <P5-S2> They are not generally considered distinct regions as they were at their original definition.