winkelee/scaling-down huggingface dataset:
Question: Are Tea Moderna and Kotiliesi both magazines for housewives?

<P0-S0> Literary Rejections On Display is a blog on which people can post and discuss rejection letters from magazines, agents and book publishers. <P0-S1>  The site was founded in 2007 and was run anonymously by a person identifying only as "Writer, Rejected." " <P0-S2> Entertainment Weekly" critic Michael Slezak described the site as for any writer "who's looking for a better way to deal with cruel dismissal than crying into a cup of herbal tea" or any bookworm "who wants to better understand the indignities your future favorite authors are suffering on their way to their seven-figure book deals..." <SEP> <P1-S0> Kotiliesi (meaning "Fireside" in English) is a Finnish language bimonthly family and women's magazine published in Helsinki, Finland. <P1-S1>  It is one of the oldest magazines in the country and is the first Finnish magazine addressing housewives. <SEP> <P2-S0> Shodensha (株式会社祥伝社 , Kabushiki kaisha Shōdensha ) is a Japanese publisher of mostly non-fiction magazines and books, though it has recently begun publishing light novels and manga, including magazines which contain both. <P2-S1>  Shodensha publishes magazines such as "Feel Young" (an all-manga magazine), "Zipper" (a fashion magazine aimed at junior high and high school girls), and "Nina's" (a fashion and lifestyle magazine aimed at younger housewives). <SEP> <P3-S0> Tea Moderna (Macedonian: Теа Модерна ) is a Macedonian woman's weekly magazine women.
Question: What country are novelists Jane Smiley and Melinda Haynes from?

<P0-S0> A Civil Campaign: A Comedy of Biology and Manners is a science fiction novel by Lois McMaster Bujold, first published in September 1999. <P0-S1>  It is a part of the Vorkosigan Saga, and is the thirteenth full-length novel in publication order. <P0-S2>  It is included in the 2008 omnibus "Miles in Love". <P0-S3>  The title is an homage to the Georgette Heyer novel "A Civil Contract" and, like Heyer's historical romances, the novel focuses on romance, comedy, and courtship. <P0-S4>  It is dedicated to "Jane, Charlotte, Georgette, and Dorothy", likely the novelists Jane Austen, Charlotte Brontë, Georgette Heyer, and Dorothy L. Sayers or Dorothy Dunnett. <SEP> <P1-S0> Tavis Smiley ( ; born September 13, 1964) is an American talk show host and author. <P1-S1>  Smiley was born in Gulfport, Mississippi, and grew up in Bunker Hill, Indiana. <P1-S2>  After attending Indiana University, he worked during the late 1980s as an aide to Tom Bradley, the mayor of Los Angeles. <P1-S3>  Smiley became a radio commentator in 1991 and, starting in 1996, he hosted the talk show "BET Talk" (later renamed "BET Tonight") on Black Entertainment Television (BET). <P1-S4>  After Smiley sold an exclusive interview of Sara Jane Olson to ABC News in 2001, BET declined to renew his contract that year. <P1-S5>  Smiley then began hosting "The Tavis Smiley Show" on National Public Radio (NPR) (2002–04) and currently hosts "Tavis Smiley" on the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) on weekdays and "The Tavis Smiley Show" on Public Radio International (PRI). <P1-S6>  From 2010 to 2013, Smiley and Cornel West joined forces to host their own radio talk show, "Smiley & West". <P1-S7>  They were featured together interviewing musician Bill Withers in the 2009 documentary film "Still Bill". <P1-S8>  He is the new host of "Tavis Talks" on BlogTalkRadio's Tavis Smiley Network. <SEP> <P2-S0> Jane Smiley (born September 26, 1949) is an American novelist. <P2-S1>  She won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1992 for her novel "A Thousand Acres" (1991). <SEP> <P3-S0> Melinda Haynes (born 1955) is an American novelist. <P3-S1>  She grew up in Hattiesburg, Mississippi. <P3-S2>  For much of her adult life she was a painter. <P3-S3>  In 1999, she wrote her first published novel, "Mother of Pearl", while living in a mobile home in Grand Bay, Alabama. <P3-S4>  Melinda Haynes currently resides in Mobile, Alabama with her husband, Ray. <P3-S5>  Her writing is intimately connected with the Mississippi of the 1950s and the 1960s.
Question: Huang Zitao is a former member of a boy group based in which city ?

<P0-S0> Christopher Thomas Woo (born November 25, 1991), known professionally as Kevin or Kevin Woo, is a American singer, actor and television host currently based in South Korea. <P0-S1>  Born and raised in California, he was discovered by South Korean entertainment agency XING Entertainment at the age of fifteen and subsequently moved to South Korea. <P0-S2>  After a few months training, Kevin debuted as a member of boy group XING in 2006 and withdrawal from the group two-years later. <P0-S3>  In August 2008, he re-debuted as a member of boy group U-KISS. <P0-S4>  In March 2017, he was official departure from U-Kiss after his contracts had expired with the agency. <SEP> <P1-S0> Edge of Innocence (, literally "Summer, The Portrait of a 19 Year Old") is an upcoming Chinese mystery thriller film directed by Chang Jung-Chi and starring Huang Zitao and Yang Caiyu. <P1-S1>  The film is based on the novel "Summer, The Portrait of a 19 Year Old", written by Japanese mystery writer Soji Shimada. <P1-S2>  It revolves around Kang Qiao (Huang Zitao) witnessing what is possibly the process of Xia Yingying (Yang Caiyu) committing a crime, but yet is drawn to the beautiful girl. <P1-S3>  After getting to know her better, Kang Qiao discovers that there are even more mysteries surrounding Xia Yingying and faces danger himself. <SEP> <P2-S0> Exo (Korean: 엑소 ; stylized as EXO) is a South Korean-Chinese boy group based in Seoul. <P2-S1>  Formed by S.M. Entertainment in 2011, the group debuted in 2012 with twelve members separated into two subgroups, Exo-K (Suho, Baekhyun, Chanyeol, D.O., Kai, and Sehun) and Exo-M (Xiumin, Lay, Chen and former members Kris, Luhan and Tao ), performing music in Korean and Mandarin respectively. <P2-S2>  Exo's first album "XOXO" (2013), which contained the breakthrough hit "Growl", was a critical and commercial success, winning both Disk Daesang at the 28th Golden Disk Awards and Album of the Year at the 15th Mnet Asian Music Awards. <P2-S3>  It sold over one million copies, making Exo the best-selling Korean artist in twelve years. <P2-S4>  Subsequent albums and EPs continued with strong sales, and Exo were ranked the most influential celebrity by "Forbes" Korea Power Celebrity for the years 2014 and 2015. <P2-S5>  They have been named "the biggest boyband in the world" by media outlets. <SEP> <P3-S0> Huang Zitao (born 2 May 1993), better known as Tao, is a Chinese rapper, singer-songwriter and actor. <P3-S1>  He is a former member of the South Korean-Chinese boy group EXO. <P3-S2>  In 2015, he made his solo debut with the mini-album "T.A.O", under the new stage name Z.Tao.
Question: Between 1815 and 1830 what was the name of the country physician Johannes Lijdius Catharinus Pompe van Meerdervoort  was originally from?

<P0-S0> Johannes Lijdius Catharinus Pompe van Meerdervoort (5 May 1829, Bruges – 7 October 1908, Brussels) was a Dutch physician based at Nagasaki, in Bakumatsu period Japan. <P0-S1>  While in Japan, he briefly taught medicine, chemistry and photography at the Nagasaki Naval Training Center, and established a medical school and hospital. <P0-S2>  Some of his noted students included Nagayo Sensai and Matsumoto Jun. <SEP> <P1-S0> Maeda Genzō (前田 玄造) (1831–1906) was a Japanese photographer from northern Kyūshū. <P1-S1>  In Nagasaki he studied photography under Jan Karel van den Broek and J. L. C. Pompe van Meerdervoort. <P1-S2>  Neither of these teachers was an experienced photographer, and their attempts to produce photographs were largely failures. <P1-S3>  Nevertheless, in turn they taught wet-collodion process to Maeda and his fellow students, who included Furukawa Shumpei, Kawano Teizō, Ueno Hikoma, and Horie Kuwajirō, among others. <P1-S4>  When Swiss photographer Pierre Rossier arrived in Japan in 1858 on a commission from "Negretti and Zambra", Maeda was instructed to assist and accompany him and to further learn photography. <P1-S5>  Maeda and other students escorted Rossier around Nagasaki, while the latter took photographs of priests, beggars, the audience of a sumo match, the foreign settlement, and the group portrait of Alexander von Siebold and samurai. <P1-S6>  Rossier believed that Pompe van Meerdervoort's failures in photography were due to a lack of the necessary chemicals and so he provided Maeda with a letter of recommendation to procure photographic apparatus and chemicals from a source in Shanghai. <P1-S7>  Both Maeda and Furukawa bought lenses, chemicals and albumen paper through Rossier. <P1-S8>  Maeda and Furukawa succeeded in taking a photograph with these materials on 28 October 1860, a day which is still commemorated in Fukuoka where the photograph was taken. <SEP> <P2-S0> Gongylonema neoplasticum (more famously as Spiroptera carcinoma) is a roundworm parasite of rats. <P2-S1>  It was discovered by a Danish physician Johannes Fibiger in 1907. <P2-S2>  Fibiger and Hjalmar Ditlevsen made a formal description in 1914 as "Spiroptera" ("Gongylonema") "neoplastica". <P2-S3>  But Ditlevsen gave the final valid name "Gongylonema neoplasticum" in 1918. <P2-S4>  The nematode is transmitted between rats and cockroaches. <SEP> <P3-S0> The United Kingdom of the Netherlands (Dutch: "Verenigd Koninkrijk der Nederlanden" , French: "Royaume uni des Pays-Bas" ) is the unofficial name given to the Kingdom of the Netherlands as it existed between 1815 and 1830.
Question: Black Hawk Down is a 2001 war film based ona book by an author that graduated from what university?

<P0-S0> Mark Robert Bowden (born July 17, 1951) is an American writer and author. <P0-S1>  He is a National Correspondent for The Atlantic and a contributing editor at "Vanity Fair". <P0-S2>  Born in St. Louis, Missouri, he is a 1973 graduate of Loyola University Maryland. <P0-S3>  While at Loyola, he was inspired to embark on a journalistic career by reading Tom Wolfe's book "The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test". <P0-S4>  In 2010, in his acceptance speech for a lifetime achievement award at the National Book Awards, Wolfe called Bowden one of the two "writers to watch" (along with Michael Lewis). <SEP> <P1-S0> The British Band was a mixed-nation group of Native Americans commanded by the Sauk leader Black Hawk, which fought against Illinois and Michigan Territory militias during the 1832 Black Hawk War. <P1-S1>  The band was composed of about 1,500 men, women, and children from the Sauk, Meskwaki, Fox, Kickapoo, Potawatomi, Ho-Chunk, and Ottawa nations; about 500 of that number were warriors. <P1-S2>  Black Hawk had an alliance with the British that dated from the War of 1812, giving them their colloquial name. <P1-S3>  The band crossed the Mississippi River from Iowa into Illinois in an attempt to reclaim their homeland and in violation of several treaties. <P1-S4>  Subsequently, both the Illinois and Michigan Territory militia were called up and the Black Hawk War ensued. <SEP> <P2-S0> Antonga, or Black Hawk (born c. 1830; died September 26, 1870), was a nineteenth-century war chief of the Timpanogos Tribe in what is the present-day state of Utah. <P2-S1>  He led the Timpanogos against Mormon settlers and gained alliances with Paiute and Navajo bands in the territory against them during what became known as the Black Hawk War in Utah (1865–1872). <P2-S2>  Although Black Hawk made peace in 1867, other bands continued raiding until the US intervened with about 200 troops in 1872. <P2-S3>  Black Hawk died from a gunshot wound he received while trying to rescue a fallen warrior, White Horse, in 1870, at Gravely Ford Richfield, Utah, June 10, 1866. <P2-S4>  The wound never healed and complications set in. <SEP> <P3-S0> Black Hawk Down is a 2001 war film co-produced and directed by Ridley Scott, from a screenplay by Ken Nolan. <P3-S1>  It is based on the 1999 non-fiction book of the same name by Mark Bowden, which in turn is based on the 29-part series of articles published in "The Philadelphia Inquirer", chronicling the events of a 1993 raid in Mogadishu by the U.S. military aimed at capturing faction leader Mohamed Farrah Aidid, and the ensuing firefight, known as the Battle of Mogadishu. <P3-S2>  The film features a large ensemble cast, including Josh Hartnett, Ewan McGregor, Eric Bana, Tom Sizemore, William Fichtner, Jason Isaacs, Tom Hardy in his feature film debut, and Sam Shepard.
Question: Between TRS-80 MC-10 and Sord Computer Corporation, which was founded/produced earlier?

<P0-S0> Sord Computer Corporation was a Japanese electronics company, founded in 1970 by the entrepreneur Takayoshi Shiina. <P0-S1>  It is now Toshiba Personal Computer System Corporation, a subsidiary of Toshiba. <SEP> <P1-S0> The Sord M5 is a home computer launched by Sord Computer Corporation in 1982. <P1-S1>  Primarily the Sord M5 competed in the Japanese home computer market. <P1-S2>  It was also sold as the CGL M5 in the United Kingdom by Computer Games Limited, and was reasonably popular in Czechoslovakia, where the M5 stood as one of the first affordable computers available to the general public. <P1-S3>  Takara also sold models in Japan as the Game M5, and models were also exported to South Korea. <SEP> <P2-S0> The TRS-80 MC-10 microcomputer is a lesser-known member of the TRS-80 line of home computers, produced by Tandy Corporation in the early 1980s and sold through their RadioShack chain of electronics stores. <P2-S1>  It was apparently designed as a low-cost alternative to Tandy's own TRS-80 Color Computer to compete with entry-level machines that had previously dominated the market, such as the Commodore VIC-20 and Sinclair ZX81. <SEP> <P3-S0> The Matra & Hachette Ordinateur Alice was a home computer sold in France beginning in 1983. <P3-S1>  It was a clone of the TRS-80 MC-10, produced through a collaboration between Matra and Hachette in France and Tandy Corporation in the United States.
Question: Madhusudhan Rao appeared in which Tamil-language fantasy comedy film of 2016?

<P0-S0> Raja Ramesh is a 1977 Telugu, drama film, produced by M. Seshagiri Rao on Suguna Pictures banner and directed by V. Madhusudhan Rao. <P0-S1>  Starring Akkineni Nageswara Rao, Vanisri in the lead roles and music composed by K. V. Mahadevan. <P0-S2>  The film is remake of Bengali Movie "Sanyasi Raja" (1975) which is based on the real life incident of "Bhawal case". <SEP> <P1-S0> Kaashmora (English: "Deadly Spirit" ) is a 2016 Indian Tamil-language action fantasy horror comedy film written and directed by Gokul. <P1-S1>  It features Karthi, Nayantara and Sri Divya in the lead roles.It was dubbed into hindi under same name by goldmine telefilm. <P1-S2>  Santhosh Narayanan composed the film's score and soundtrack. <P1-S3>  The film was released worldwide on 28 October 2016 (Diwali 2016). <SEP> <P2-S0> Madhusudhan Rao is an Indian film actor, who has appeared in Tamil and Telugu language films. <P2-S1>  He has appeared in films including "Goli Soda" (2014), "Kathakali" (2016) and "Kaashmora" (2016). <SEP> <P3-S0> Amayakuralu (English: Innocent Girl) is a 1971 Telugu, drama film, produced by D. Madhusudhana Rao on Annapurna Pictures banner and directed by V. Madhusudhan Rao. <P3-S1>  Starring Akkineni Nageswara Rao, Kanchana, Sharada in the lead roles and music composed by Saluri Rajeswara Rao. <P3-S2>  The film has titled as "Pavitra Jeevitham" in the beginning later it has changed to "Amaayakuraalu".
Question: Ford Expedition is similar in style to which General Motors full-size SUV?

<P0-S0> The Chevrolet Tahoe (and its rebadged version GMC Yukon) is a full-size SUV from General Motors. <P0-S1>  Chevrolet and GMC sold two different-sized SUVs under their Blazer/Jimmy model names through the early 1990s. <P0-S2>  This situation changed when GMC rebadged the full-size Jimmy as the Yukon in 1991. <P0-S3>  Chevrolet waited until 1994 to rebadge the redesigned mid-size S-10 Blazer as the Blazer, renaming the full-size Blazer as the Tahoe. <P0-S4>  The name Tahoe refers to the rugged and scenic area surrounding Lake Tahoe in the western United States. <P0-S5>  The name Yukon refers to the Yukon territory of northern Canada. <P0-S6>  For the 1995 model year, the Tahoe and Yukon gained a new 4-door model slotting in size between the 2-door models and the longer wheelbase and higher passenger capacity to up to 9 nine passengers like the Chevrolet Suburban and newly named Yukon XL. <SEP> <P1-S0> Wayne K. Cherry (born 1937) is an American car designer educated at Art Center College of Design and employed by General Motors from 1962 through 2004, retiring as Vice President of Design. <P1-S1>  Cherry worked for General Motors in the United States from 1962 until 1965, when he moved to the United Kingdom to take a position with General Motors' Vauxhall Motors subsidiary, becoming Design Director at Vauxhall in 1975. <P1-S2>  In 1983 General Motors consolidated all European passenger car design under Cherry and made him Design Director at General Motors' Adam Opel AG subsidiary. <P1-S3>  Cherry returned to the United States in 1991 and in 1992 became General Motors Vice President of Design. <P1-S4>  Cherry retired from General Motors in 2004. <SEP> <P2-S0> The International Harvester Travelall is a full-size, truck-based sport utility vehicle that was manufactured by International Harvester from 1953 to 1975. <P2-S1>  With a layout similar to the Chevrolet Suburban, it is a precursor to the modern full-size SUV. <SEP> <P3-S0> The Ford Expedition is a fullsize SUV that is made by Ford Motor Company. <P3-S1>  Introduced for the 1997 model year as the successor of the Ford Bronco, the Expedition is the first full-size Ford SUV sold with a four-door body. <P3-S2>  For its entire production life, the Ford Expedition has been derived from the corresponding generation of the Ford F-150 in production, sharing body and mechanical components. <P3-S3>  Currently in its third model generation, a fourth-generation Ford Expedition is slated to enter production for the 2018 model year. <P3-S4>  Similar to the configuration of the Chevrolet Tahoe and Suburban, the Ford Expedition is sold in regular and extended lengths (the Ford Expedition EL/Max); sold since 2007, the latter functionally serves as the replacement for the Ford Excursion.
Question: Bilawal is a raga and basic "thaat" (musical mode) in Hindustani classical music, it is equivalent to which rāga in Carnatic music?

<P0-S0> Madhyamavati (madhyamāvati) is a rāga in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). <P0-S1>  It is an "audava" rāga (or "owdava" rāga, meaning pentatonic scale). <P0-S2>  It is a "janya" rāga (derived scale), as it does not have all the seven musical notes ("swaras"). <P0-S3>  The equivalent of "Madhyamavati" in Hindustani music is "Madhumad Sarang". <SEP> <P1-S0> Dhīraśankarābharaṇaṃ, commonly known as "Śankarābharaṇaṃ", is a rāga in Carnatic music. <P1-S1>  It is the 29th "Melakarta" rāga in the 72 "Melakarta" rāga system of Carnatic music. <P1-S2>  Since this raga has many Gamakās (ornamentations), it is glorified as ""Sarva Gamaka Maṇika Rakti Rāgaṃ"" in Telugu. <SEP> <P2-S0> Bilawal is a raga and basic "thaat" (musical mode) in Hindustani classical music. <P2-S1>  It is equivalent to the Carnatic melakarta raga Dheerasankarabharanam, as well as the Western Ionian mode (major scale) and contains the notes S R G m P D N S' ("see swara for explanation"). <P2-S2>  The pitches of Bilawal thaat are all shuddha, or natural. <P2-S3>  Flat (komal) or sharp (tivra) of pitches always occurs with reference to the interval pattern in Bilawal thaat. <P2-S4>  The Indian national anthem  Jana gana mana is sung in raag Bilawal. <SEP> <P3-S0> Alhaiya Bilaval is a Hindustani classical raga. <P3-S1>  It is the most commonly performed raga of a large group of ragas that are mainly based on a scale more or less identical to the western major scale. <P3-S2>  For this reason, that scale itself is known as the Bilaval "Thaat". <P3-S3>  It is often simply referred to as Bilawal, although in the 17th century Alhaiya and Bilawal may have been separate ragas. <P3-S4>  Alhaiya Bilawal is a raag which M is the main key.
Question: In Boneland, Colin is now a Professor at an observatory established by whom?

<P0-S0> Boneland is a 2012 novel by Alan Garner, a sequel to "The Weirdstone of Brisingamen" and "The Moon of Gomrath". <P0-S1>  The boy Colin from the earlier novels is now an adult, still living near the top of Alderley Edge but now a Professor working at the nearby Jodrell Bank Observatory. <P0-S2>  His solitary home is a kit-built hut ("A Bergli") in a quarry. <P0-S3>  He has a form of amnesia which means he remembers nothing from before the age of 13, including his twin sister and his childhood adventures. <P0-S4>  He visits a psychotherapist and the gradual uncovering of his past forms the main story. <SEP> <P1-S0> The Jodrell Bank Observatory (originally the Jodrell Bank Experimental Station, then the Nuffield Radio Astronomy Laboratories from 1966 to 1999; ) is a British observatory that hosts a number of radio telescopes, and is part of the Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics at the University of Manchester. <P1-S1>  The observatory was established in 1945 by Sir Bernard Lovell, a radio astronomer at the University of Manchester who wanted to investigate cosmic rays after his work on radar during the Second World War. <P1-S2>  It has since played an important role in the research of meteors, quasars, pulsars, masers and gravitational lenses, and was heavily involved with the tracking of space probes at the start of the Space Age. <P1-S3>  The managing director of the observatory is Professor Simon Garrington. <SEP> <P2-S0> Anderson Mesa Station is an astronomical observatory established in 1959 as a dark-sky observing site for Lowell Observatory. <P2-S1>  It is located at Anderson Mesa in Coconino County, Arizona (USA), about 12 miles southeast of Lowell's main campus on Mars Hill in Flagstaff, Arizona. <SEP> <P3-S0> The Hirsch Observatory is an astronomical observatory at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) in Troy, New York. <P3-S1>  It is located on the roof of the Jonsson-Rowland Science Center (seen below) and is used by members of the Rensselaer Astrophysical Society as well as astronomy students in laboratory exercises. <P3-S2>  It is frequently opened to the community for public viewing sessions. <P3-S3>  The observatory's main dome contains a 16" Cassegrain Reflector, with a CCD camera and fully computerized controls. <P3-S4>  The observatory also owns a variety of smaller scopes and a SBIG Spectrograph. <P3-S5>  The spectrograph has been used to catalog bright solar spectrum as part of an effort to create an online digital database for astrophysical research. <P3-S6>  The current director of the observatory is Professor Heidi Newberg.
Question: What did Michael Alford serve as, as part of the ISAF force against a known Taliban stronghold and center of opium production?

<P0-S0> Opium production in Myanmar (also known as "Burma") has historically been a major contributor to the county's gross domestic product (GDP). <P0-S1>  Burma is the world's second largest producer of opium after Afghanistan, producing some 25% of the world's opium, and forms part of the Golden Triangle. <P0-S2>  The opium industry was a monopoly during colonial times and has since been illegally operated by corrupt officials in the Burmese military and rebel fighters, primarily as the basis for heroin manufacture. <SEP> <P1-S0> Operation Moshtarak (Dari for "Together" or "Joint"), also known as the Battle of Marjah, an International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) pacification offensive in the town of Marjah, Helmand Province, Afghanistan. <P1-S1>  It involved a combined total of 15,000 Afghan, American, British, Canadian, Danish, and Estonian troops; constituting the largest joint operation of the War in Afghanistan up to that point. <P1-S2>  The purpose of which, to remove the Taliban from Marja, eliminating the last Taliban stronghold in central Helmand Province. <SEP> <P2-S0> Michael Alford (born 15 September 1958 in Cookham, England) is a British figurative painter whose work includes landscapes and cityscapes, figures, portraits and nudes. <P2-S1>  Mostly self-taught, he has studied and the Slade and the Chelsea School of Art. <P2-S2>  Early in his career he had an annual show at the Duncan Campbell Gallery in Mayfair and lived in Spain for extended period where the cost of living was reasonable. <P2-S3>  He also worked as a muralist. <P2-S4>  In 2010 he served as official War Artist to the 1st Battalion Grenadier Guards during their tour of Helmand, Afghanistan. <P2-S5>  More recently he has painted nudes, cityscapes, a portrait of Vaughan Smith and completed a commission for the 1st Battalion Royal Irish Regiment. <SEP> <P3-S0> The Helmand province campaign was a series of military operations conducted by the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) forces against Taliban insurgents in the Helmand Province of Afghanistan. <P3-S1>  Their objective was to control a province that was known to be a Taliban stronghold, and a center of opium production. <P3-S2> <ref name="Gall/Wafa-NYT"> </ref>
Question: Guelphs and Ghibellines supported the Pope during which time frame?

<P0-S0> The election which took place around the death of Pope Gregory IX on August 22, 1241, was a particularly stressful one. <P0-S1>  There were military operations, both inside and outside the City of Rome, towns and properties were destroyed, Guelphs and Ghibellines warred against each other, and two of the cardinals were captured in battle and were held prisoner by the Emperor Frederick II. <P0-S2>  When the electoral meeting began, only ten of the twelve cardinals participated. <P0-S3>  The cardinals were tightly confined, on orders of the Senator of Rome, Matteo Rosso Orsini, and during that conclave one cardinal died. <P0-S4>  After seven weeks of deadlocked negotiations in the summer heat of Rome, the cardinals finally managed to produce the required two-thirds majority on October 25 for Cardinal Goffredo Castiglione, who chose the name Celestine IV. <P0-S5>  Pope Celestine was never crowned. <P0-S6>  It is also said that he was never consecrated, which is pointless, since he was already a bishop, and that he never issued a bull, which is contested. <P0-S7>  He died, old and ill, only seventeen days after his election, on November 10, 1241. <SEP> <P1-S0> The Guelphs and Ghibellines ( ; , also , ; Italian: "guelfi e ghibellini" ] ) were factions supporting the Pope and the Holy Roman Emperor, respectively, in the Italian city-states of central and northern Italy. <P1-S1>  During the 12th and 13th centuries, rivalry between these two parties formed a particularly important aspect of the internal politics of medieval Italy. <P1-S2>  The struggle for power between the Papacy and the Holy Roman Empire had arisen with the Investiture Controversy, which began in 1075 and ended with the Concordat of Worms in 1122. <P1-S3>  The division between the Guelphs and Ghibellines in Italy, however, persisted until the 15th century. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Battle of Campaldino was a battle between the Guelphs and Ghibellines on 11 June 1289. <P2-S1>  Mixed bands of pro-papal Guelf forces of Florence and allies, Pistoia, Lucca, Siena and Prato, all loosely commanded by the paid "condottiero" Amerigo di Narbona with his own professional following, met a Ghibelline force from Arezzo including the perhaps reluctant bishop, Guglielmino degli Ubertini, in the plain of Campaldino, which leads from Pratovecchio to Poppi, part of the Tuscan countryside along the upper Arno called the Casentino. <P2-S2>  One of the combatants on the Guelph side was Dante Alighieri, twenty-four years old at the time. <SEP> <P3-S0> The Italian city-states were a political phenomenon of small independent states mostly in the central and northern Italian peninsula between the 9th and 15th centuries.
Question: In which district of the Badakhshan Province is the settlement located which is famous for its ancient mines, which produce a deep blue metamorphic rock used as a semi-precious stone that has been prized since antiquity for its intense color, and are said to produce the world's finest of this stone?

<P0-S0> Azurite is a soft, deep blue copper mineral produced by weathering of copper ore deposits. <P0-S1>  It is also known as Chessylite after the type locality at Chessy-les-Mines near Lyon, France. <P0-S2>  The mineral, a carbonate, has been known since ancient times, and was mentioned in Pliny the Elder's Natural History under the Greek name "kuanos" (κυανός: "deep blue," root of English "cyan") and the Latin name "caeruleum". <P0-S3>  The blue of azurite is exceptionally deep and clear, and for that reason the mineral has tended to be associated since antiquity with the deep blue color of low-humidity desert and winter skies. <P0-S4>  The modern English name of the mineral reflects this association, since both "azurite" and "azure" are derived via Arabic from the Persian "lazhward" (لاژورد), an area known for its deposits of another deep blue stone, lapis lazuli ("stone of azure"). <SEP> <P1-S0> Lapis lazuli ( , ), or lapis for short, is a deep blue metamorphic rock used as a semi-precious stone that has been prized since antiquity for its intense color. <P1-S1>  As early as the 7th millennium BC, lapis lazuli was mined in the Sar-i Sang mines, in Shortugai, and in other mines in Badakhshan province in northeast Afghanistan. <P1-S2>  Lapis was highly valued by the Indus Valley Civilisation (3300–1900 BC). <P1-S3>  Lapis beads have been found at Neolithic burials in Mehrgarh, the Caucasus, and even as far from Afghanistan as Mauritania. <P1-S4>  It was used in the funeral mask of Tutankhamun (1341–1323 BC). <SEP> <P2-S0> Slate is a fine-grained, foliated, homogeneous metamorphic rock derived from an original shale-type sedimentary rock composed of clay or volcanic ash through low-grade regional metamorphism. <P2-S1>  It is the finest grained foliated metamorphic rock. <P2-S2>  Foliation may not correspond to the original sedimentary layering, but instead is in planes perpendicular to the direction of metamorphic compression. <SEP> <P3-S0> Sar-i Sang (or Sar-e Sang) is a settlement in the Kuran Wa Munjan District of Badakhshan Province, Afghanistan, famous for its ancient lapis lazuli mines producing the world's finest lapis.
Question: Where did Republican John W. Griggs who defeated Democratic nominee Alexander T. McGill with 52.28% of the vote reside after the election?

<P0-S0> The New Jersey gubernatorial election of 1895 was a race for Governor of New Jersey held on November 5, 1895. <P0-S1>  Republican John W. Griggs defeated Democratic nominee Alexander T. McGill with 52.28% of the vote. <SEP> <P1-S0> The New Jersey gubernatorial election of 1856 was a race for Governor of New Jersey held on November 4, 1856. <P1-S1>  Republican William A. Newell defeated Democratic nominee William Cowper Alexander with 51.29% of the vote. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Governor of the State of New Jersey is head of the executive branch of New Jersey's state government. <P2-S1>  The office of governor is an elected position, for which elected officials serve four-year terms. <P2-S2>  Governors cannot be elected to more than two "consecutive" terms, but there is no limit on the total number of terms they may serve. <P2-S3>  The official residence for the governor is Drumthwacket, a mansion located in Princeton, New Jersey; the office of the governor is at the New Jersey State House in Trenton. <SEP> <P3-S0> The Vermont gubernatorial election of 1869 took place on September 7, 1869. <P3-S1>  Incumbent Republican John B. Page, per the "Mountain Rule", did not run for re-election to a second term as Governor of Vermont. <P3-S2>  Republican candidate Peter T. Washburn defeated Democratic candidate Homer W. Heaton to succeed him. <P3-S3>  The 1869 election was the final time the Governor of Vermont was elected for a one-year term, changing to a two-year term at the 1870 election.
Question: When was the write of the score for the nutcracker honored by Emperor Alexander III?

<P0-S0> Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia (later Duchess of Edinburgh and Duchess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha; Russian: Мария Александровна ; 17 October [O.S. 5 October] 1853 – 24 October 1920) was the fifth child and only surviving daughter of Emperor Alexander II of Russia and his first wife Princess Marie of Hesse and by Rhine. <P0-S1>  She was the younger sister of Emperor Alexander III of Russia and the paternal aunt of Russia's last Emperor, Nicholas II. <SEP> <P1-S0> Maria Alexandrovna (Russian: Мария Александровна ), born Princess Marie of Hesse and by Rhine (8 August 1824 – 3 June 1880) was Empress consort of Russia as the first wife of Emperor Alexander II. <P1-S1>  She was the mother of Emperor Alexander III. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Nutcracker (Russian: Щелкунчик, Балет-феерия / "Shchelkunchik, Balet-feyeriya"    ; French: "Casse-Noisette, ballet-féerie" ) is a two-act ballet, originally choreographed by Marius Petipa and Lev Ivanov with a score by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (op. 71). <P2-S1>  The libretto is adapted from E. T. A. Hoffmann's story "The Nutcracker and the Mouse King", by way of Alexandre Dumas' adapted story "The Nutcracker". <P2-S2>  It was given its premiere at the Mariinsky Theatre in Saint Petersburg on Sunday, December 18, 1892, on a double-bill with Tchaikovsky's opera "Iolanta". <SEP> <P3-S0> Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky ( ; Russian: Пётр Ильи́ч Чайко́вский ; 25 April/7 May 1840 – 25 October/6 November 1893), often anglicized as Peter Ilich Tchaikovsky, was a Russian composer of the romantic period, some of whose works are among the most popular music in the classical repertoire. <P3-S1>  He was the first Russian composer whose music made a lasting impression internationally, bolstered by his appearances as a guest conductor in Europe and the United States. <P3-S2>  Tchaikovsky was honored in 1884, by Emperor Alexander III, and awarded a lifetime pension.
Question: Were both Curt Smith and Mickey Thomas musicians?

<P0-S0> Loveless Fascination is the fourth album by Starship. <P0-S1>  As the first album of new material released by the band since 1989's "Love Among the Cannibals", this is the first album by the band to feature only Mickey Thomas from the band's original line-up; as well as the only album by the band to feature any of the featured members' other than Thomas himself. <SEP> <P1-S0> John Michael "Mickey" Thomas (born December 3, 1949) is an American rock singer, best known as one of the lead vocalists of Jefferson Starship and Starship. <SEP> <P2-S0> Everybody Loves a Happy Ending is the sixth studio album by the British pop-rock band Tears for Fears, released on 14 September 2004 in the US, and 7 March 2005 in the UK and Europe. <P2-S1>  It was released some nine years after the previous Tears for Fears studio album, "Raoul and the Kings of Spain" (1995), and was the first album featuring both original bandmembers Roland Orzabal and Curt Smith together since 1989's "The Seeds of Love". <SEP> <P3-S0> Curt Smith (born 24 June 1961) is an English musician. <P3-S1>  He is best known for forming the band Tears for Fears, along with childhood friend Roland Orzabal. <P3-S2>  As a solo artist, he has released four solo albums.
Question: What Kansas county seat is the unincorporated community of Kalvesta, Kansas near to?

<P0-S0> Cimarron is a city in and the county seat of Gray County, Kansas, United States. <P0-S1>  As of the 2010 census, the city population was 2,184. <SEP> <P1-S0> Hedville is an unincorporated community in northern Ohio Township, Saline County, Kansas, United States. <P1-S1>  It lies along Hedville Road and a Kansas and Oklahoma Railroad line, 1.0 mi south of Interstate 70, northwest of the city of Salina, the county seat of Saline County. <P1-S2>  Mulberry Creek flows through the community. <P1-S3>  Its elevation is 1,270 feet (387 m), and it is located at (38.8627816, -97.7614282). <P1-S4>  As a part of Saline County, Hedville is a part of the Salina micropolitan area. <SEP> <P2-S0> Saffold is an unincorporated community in Early County, Georgia, United States. <P2-S1>  Its western boundary is the Chattahoochee River also bordering Gordon, Alabama. <P2-S2>  U.S Route 84 and SR 370 pass through the community. <P2-S3>  It is the only unincorporated city on U.S Route 84 that is near a smaller city. <P2-S4>  It is located 20 miles south of Blakely, 21 miles northeast of Dothan, Alabama, five miles south of the Georgia-Pacific Cedar Springs Operations, and two miles northwest of Jakin. <P2-S5>  It is a small unincorporated community near the Alabama state line. <P2-S6>  At the Georgia state line, U.S Route 84 starts and ends with Saffold the only unincorporated community on the route. <P2-S7>  Georgia State Route 370 is the first and last state route for SR 62 and U.S. Route 84. <P2-S8>  In Christmas of 2015, a flood struck Saffold, Gordon, Hilton and Columbia, Alabama. <SEP> <P3-S0> Kalvesta is an unincorporated community in Finney County, Kansas, United States. <P3-S1>  Kalvesta is located on K-156, 18 mi north-northeast of Cimarron.
Question: The Pratt & Whitney J58 was a jet engine that powered a long-range, Mach 3+ strategic reconnaissance aircraft operated by who?

<P0-S0> The Martin P4M Mercator was a maritime reconnaissance aircraft built by the Glenn L. Martin Company. <P0-S1>  The Mercator was an unsuccessful contender for a United States Navy requirement for a long-range maritime patrol bomber, with the Lockheed P2V Neptune chosen instead. <P0-S2>  It saw a limited life as a long-range electronic reconnaissance aircraft. <P0-S3>  Its most unusual feature was that it was powered by a combination of piston engines and turbojets, the latter being in the rear of the engine nacelles. <SEP> <P1-S0> The Lockheed SR-71 "Blackbird" is a long-range, Mach 3+ strategic reconnaissance aircraft that was operated by the United States Air Force. <P1-S1>  It was developed as a black project from the Lockheed A-12 reconnaissance aircraft in the 1960s by Lockheed and its Skunk Works division. <P1-S2>  American aerospace engineer Clarence "Kelly" Johnson was responsible for many of the design's innovative concepts. <P1-S3>  During aerial reconnaissance missions, the SR-71 operated at high speeds and altitudes to allow it to outrace threats. <P1-S4>  If a surface-to-air missile launch was detected, the standard evasive action was simply to accelerate and outfly the missile. <P1-S5>  The SR-71 was designed with a reduced radar cross-section. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Pratt & Whitney J58 (company designation JT11D-20) was a jet engine that powered the Lockheed A-12, and subsequently the YF-12 and the SR-71 aircraft. <P2-S1>  The J58 was a single-spool turbojet with an afterburner. <P2-S2>  It had a unique bleed from the compressor to the afterburner which gave increased thrust at high speeds. <P2-S3>  This feature caused it to be referred to as a turboramjet in some writings. <P2-S4>  It delivered 25,000 pound-force (110 kN) of thrust without afterburner (dry) and 34,000 (150 kN) with afterburner (wet). <SEP> <P3-S0> Turbine Fuel, Low Volatility, JP-7, commonly known as JP-7, was referred to as Jet Propellant 7, to MIL-DTL-38219 is a specific jet fuel that was developed for the United States Air Force (USAF), for use in its supersonic military aircraft that required a jet fuel with a high flash point, and high thermal stability. <P3-S1>  JP-7 is the fuel that was developed, which was required by the Pratt & Whitney J58 (JT11D-20) turbojet engines, which was used primarily in the now retired Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird. <P3-S2>  During flight, the SR-71 could attain speeds in excess of Mach 3+, which was the most efficient cruising speed for the J58 engines. <P3-S3>  However, very high skin temperatures are generated at this speed due to friction with the air. <P3-S4>  A new jet fuel was needed that was not affected by the heat, so JP-7 jet fuel was developed for this purpose.
Question: When was the Canadian band formed who's single/EP is "Looking Glass"?

<P0-S0> Paper Rival was an indie rock band formed in late 2005 from Nashville, Tennessee. <P0-S1>  Originally known as Keating, the band changed its name to Paper Rival in 2007 after a tour of Canada where the band was mistaken for a Canadian band who already possessed the name. <P0-S2>  In December 2007, Paper Rival was named Spin. <P0-S3> com's "Artist of the Day". <P0-S4>  The band released its debut full-length album, "Dialog" on May 20, 2008. <P0-S5>  The group cited artists Blind Lemon Jefferson, Merle Haggard and Bruce Cockburn (whose song "Pacing the Cage" was covered on their 2007 self-titled EP) as musical inspirations. <SEP> <P1-S0> The Birthday Massacre (abbreviated TBM) is a Canadian band, formed in 1999 in London, Ontario, and currently based in Toronto, Ontario. <P1-S1>  The current lineup consists of lead vocalist Chibi, rhythm guitarist Rainbow, lead guitarist Falcore, drummer Rhim, keyboardist Owen, and bassist Nate Manor. <SEP> <P2-S0> "Looking Glass" is a single/EP by Canadian electronic rock band The Birthday Massacre. <P2-S1>  Unlike their previous single, "Red Stars", the "Looking Glass EP" is a physical release rather than a digital download available through iTunes. <SEP> <P3-S0> Absolutely Free is a Canadian band formed by Mike Claxton, Jordan Holmes, Matt King and Moshe Rozenberg in 2011 after the breakup of their prior band DD/MM/YYYY. <P3-S1>  The band released their debut EP "UFO/Glass Tassel" in 2012, followed by "On The Beach/Clothed Woman, Sitting" EP the next year.
Question: Eugène de Rastignac is a fictional character from a series of novels by a novelist born in which year ?

<P0-S0> Le Père Goriot (] , "Old Goriot" or "Father Goriot") is an 1835 novel by French novelist and playwright Honoré de Balzac (1799–1850), included in the "Scènes de la vie privée" section of his novel sequence "La Comédie humaine". <P0-S1>  Set in Paris in 1819, it follows the intertwined lives of three characters: the elderly doting Goriot; a mysterious criminal-in-hiding named Vautrin; and a naive law student named Eugène de Rastignac. <SEP> <P1-S0> Eugène de Rastignac ] is a fictional character from "La Comédie humaine", a series of novels by Honoré de Balzac. <P1-S1>  He appears as a main character in "Le Père Goriot" (1835), and his social advancement in the post-revolutionary French world depicted by Balzac can be followed through Rastignac's various appearances in other books of the series. <SEP> <P2-S0> Virginie Pivert de Senancour (Agathe-Eulalie-Ursule Pivert de) (1791–1876), the daughter of essayist Étienne Pivert de Senancour, was a French novelist and journalist. <P2-S1>  She served as her father's secretary and also wrote stories for children. <P2-S2>  Her work "La Conquêtomanie" is a satire against Napoleon. <P2-S3>  In "Réplique à un mal avisé" she responds to certain attacks levelled against her father by Eugène de Mirecourt. <P2-S4>  Nearly all the biographical information that exists about her father originates from her. <P2-S5>  One such biographical episode involves the novelist George Sand, who was influenced by Obermann. <P2-S6>  Eulalie writes that Sand, who tended to be tongue-tied with people she didn't know, sat facing the 63-year-old Senancour for 10 minutes without uttering a word before getting up and silently leaving the room. <SEP> <P3-S0> Honoré de Balzac ( ; ] , born Honoré Balzac, 20 May 1799 – 18 August 1850) was a French novelist and playwright. <P3-S1>  The novel sequence "La Comédie Humaine", which presents a panorama of post-Napoleonic French life, is generally viewed as his "magnum opus".
Question: Drag Me to Hell is a 2009 American supernatural horror comedy film was co-written and directed by whom?

<P0-S0> Drag Me to Hell is a 2009 American supernatural horror comedy film co-written and directed by Sam Raimi. <P0-S1>  The plot, written with his older brother Ivan, focuses on a loan officer, who, because she has to prove to her boss that she can make the "hard decisions", chooses not to extend a gypsy woman's mortgage. <P0-S2>  In retaliation, the woman places a curse on the loan officer that, after three days of escalating torment, will plunge her into the depths of Hell to burn for eternity. <SEP> <P1-S0> Ava's Possessions is a 2015 American supernatural horror comedy film written and directed by Jordan Galland. <P1-S1>  The film had its world premiere on April 26, 2015 at the Dead by Dawn Horror Film Festival and was given a DVD and VOD release on March 4, 2016. <P1-S2>  Louisa Krause stars as the titular Ava, a young woman that must learn how to put her life together after a demon is exorcised from her body. <SEP> <P2-S0> Forget Me Not is a 2009 American supernatural horror film written and directed by Tyler Oliver. <P2-S1>  Premiering on August 24, 2009, the film had a limited theatrical released and stars Carly Schroeder, Cody Linley, Micah Alberti, Brie Gabrielle, and Jillian Murray. <SEP> <P3-S0> Samuel M "Sam" Raimi ( ; born October 23, 1959) is an American film director, producer, screenwriter and actor, famous for creating the cult horror "Evil Dead" series, as well as directing the original "Spider-Man" trilogy (2002–07), the 1990 superhero film "Darkman" and the "I Will Rip Your Soul Out" scene from the 2013 remake of "Evil Dead". <P3-S1>  His most recent film is the 2013 Disney fantasy film "Oz the Great and Powerful".
Question: What historical fiction drama was did Steven Hartley perform in in 2013?

<P0-S0> Half of a Yellow Sun is a 2013 Nigerian historical fiction drama film directed by Biyi Bandele and based on the novel of the same name by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie. <P0-S1>  The film is a love story that follows two sisters who are caught up in the outbreak of the Nigerian Civil War. <SEP> <P1-S0> A Dog of Flanders is a 1999 film directed by Kevin Brodie and starring Jack Warden, Jeremy James Kissner, Jesse James, Jon Voight, Cheryl Ladd, Steven Hartley, and Bruce McGill. <P1-S1>  The screenplay was written by Brodie and Robert Singer, based on the novel of the same name by Ouida. <P1-S2>  The film was shot on location in Belgium. <P1-S3>  It was the fifth film based on the original novel. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Borgias is a historical-fiction drama television series created by Neil Jordan; it debuted in 2011 and was canceled in 2013. <SEP> <P3-S0> Steven Hartley (born 12 August 1960, in Shipley) is an English actor known internationally for his television, film and theatre roles. <P3-S1>  He has appeared in over 40 principle and leading roles on television and film since 1985, including "EastEnders", "The Bill", "The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles", "Rumble", "Strictly Confidential", "Badboys", "Trial & Retribution", "Sharman", "Holby City", "Casualty", "Doctors", "Pie in the Sky", "The Cut", "Agatha Christie's Marple", "Merlin", "Married... with Children", "The Borgias", "Vera" alongside Brenda Blethyn, "Ripper Street", and the acclaimed BBC series "Happy Valley" and "Silent Witness" in 2015.
Question: Georgy Voronoy and Vladimir Berkovich, both were of which scholarly occupation?

<P0-S0> The White Poodle (Russian: Белый пудель , "Belyy pudel " ) is a 1956 Soviet film directed by Marianna Roshal and Vladimir Shredel. <P0-S1>  The screenplay was adapted by Grigorii Grebnev from the Aleksandr Kuprin story of the same name. <P0-S2>  The main roles were played by Viktor Koltsov and Vladimir Polyakov, with others taken by Natalie Gitserot, Alexander Antonov and Georgy Millyar. <P0-S3>  Filmed in 1955, it was released in October 1956. <SEP> <P1-S0> Vladimir Ivanovich Narbut (Russian: Владимир Иванович Нарбут ; Ukrainian: Володи́мир Іва́нович На́рбут ) (1888–1938) - Russian poet of Ukrainian descent, and member of the Acmeist group, brother of Ukrainian artist and graphic designer Georgy Narbut. <SEP> <P2-S0> Georgy Feodosevich Voronoy (Ukrainian: Георгій Феодосійович Вороний ; Russian: Гео́ргий Феодо́сьевич Вороно́й ; 28 April 1868 – 20 November 1908) was a Russian and Ukrainian mathematician. <P2-S1>  Among other things, he defined the Voronoi diagram. <SEP> <P3-S0> Vladimir Berkovich is a mathematician at the Weizmann Institute of Science who introduced Berkovich spaces. His Ph.D. advisor was Yuri I. Manin. <P3-S1>  Berkovich was a visiting scholar at the Institute for Advanced Study in 1991-92 and again in the summer of 2000.