Question: The Peoria (or Peouaroua) are a Native American people, and historically, they were part of which organization, sometimes referred to as the Illiniwek or Illini, was a group of 12–13 Native American tribes in the upper Mississippi River valley of North America?

<P0-S0> The Illinois Confederation, sometimes referred to as the Illiniwek or Illini, was a group of 12–13 Native American tribes in the upper Mississippi River valley of North America. <P0-S1>  The tribes were the Kaskaskia, Cahokia, Peoria, Tamaroa, Moingwena, Michigamea, Chepoussa, Chinkoa, Coiracoentanon, Espeminkia, Maroa, and Tapouara. <P0-S2>  At the time of European contact in the 17th century, they were believed to number over 10,000 people. <P0-S3>  Most of the Illinois spoke various dialects of the Miami-Illinois language, one of the Algonquian languages family, with the known exception of the Siouan-speaking Michigamea. <P0-S4>  They occupied a broad inverted triangle from modern-day Iowa to near the shores of Lake Michigan in modern Chicago south to modern Arkansas. <P0-S5>  By the mid-18th century, only five principal tribes remained: the Cahokia, Kaskaskia, Michigamea, Peoria, and Tamaroa. <SEP> <P1-S0> The Black Hawk Purchase, which can sometimes be called the Forty-Mile Strip or Scott's Purchase, extended along the West side of the Mississippi River from the north boundary of Missouri North to the Upper Iowa River. <P1-S1>  The Upper Iowa River is in the northeast corner of Iowa, from Missouri nearly to Minnesota. <P1-S2>  It was fifty miles wide at the ends, and forty in the middle, and is sometimes called the "Forty-Mile Strip". <P1-S3>  The land, originally owned by the Sauk, Meskwaki (Fox), and Ho-Chunk (Winnebago) Native American people, was acquired by treaty following their defeat by the United States in the Black Hawk War. <P1-S4>  After being defeated the Sauk and Mesquakie were forced to relinquish another 2.5 million hectares or (6 million acres) and give up their rights to plant, hunt, or fish on the land. <P1-S5>  The purchase was made for $640,000 on September 21, 1832 and was named for the chief Black Hawk, who was held prisoner at the time the purchase was completed. <P1-S6>  The Black Hawk Purchase contained an area of 6 million acres (24,000 km²), and the price was equivalent to 11 cents/acre ($26 per km²). <P1-S7>  The region is bounded on the East by the Mississippi River and includes Dubuque, Fort Madison, and present-day Davenport. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Peoria (or Peouaroua) are a Native American people. <P2-S1>  Today they are enrolled in the federally recognized Peoria Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma. <P2-S2>  Historically, they were part of the Illinois Confederation. <SEP> <P3-S0> The Tamaroa were a Native American people in the central Mississippi River valley of North America, and a member of the Illiniwek or Illinois Confederacy of twelve to thirteen tribes. <P3-S1>  The name "Tamaroa" is a derivative of the word "tamarowa" meaning "cut tail" in Illiniwek and relates to a totemic animal such as bear or wildcat. <P3-S2>  An Algonquian-speaking group, like the rest of the Illiniwek, they lived on both sides of the Mississippi River in the area of the confluence with the Illinois and Missouri rivers. <P3-S3>  Tamaroan culture is presumed to be similar to that of the Kaskaskia, Peoria, and other Illinois tribes.