Question: Distributed cognition is an approach to cognitive science research that deploys models of the extended mind, see the paper, titled what, by Andy Clark and David Chalmers, (1998) is a seminal work in the field of extended cognition?

<P0-S0> Distributed language represents an externalist perspective on human cognition. <P0-S1>  Instead of tracing communication to individual knowledge of a symbolic system, language-activity is taken to sustain the human world. <P0-S2>  Extending work by Humberto Maturana, priority is given to how face-to-face interaction draws on multimodal activity or languaging . <P0-S3> [1] As people language together, they gain the skills and knowledge needed to participate in a range of activities in which wordings play a part. <P0-S4>  Over time, these activities construct and maintain language as a whole. <P0-S5>  Distributed language thus links a biological theory of the origin of language to distributed cognition. <P0-S6>  Human cognitive and communicative abilities arise as people do things together while drawing on material, linguistic and other resources. <P0-S7>  Language activity is constrained by biology, circumstances, and collective ways of life. <P0-S8>  While bodies sustain coordination, our lived realities are extended by the resources of a partly shared collective world. <P0-S9>  Thus, language cannot be separated from the artifacts and institutions or the behaviour of the living beings who undertake collaborative (and solo) tasks. <P0-S10>  This distributed perspective challenges the mainstream view that language use can be explained by individual competencies and microsocial rules. <P0-S11>  To ascribe 'language' to individual organisms is, on the distributed perspective, an error. <P0-S12>  Building on cognitive science, the perspective challenges cognitive internalism by presenting language as a prime case of embodied and culturally embedded cognition. <P0-S13>  It emphasizes that the heterogeneity of human language does much to shape people, mind and society. <SEP> <P1-S0> The paper The Extended Mind by Andy Clark and David Chalmers (1998) is a seminal work in the field of extended cognition. <P1-S1>  In this paper, Clark and Chalmers present the idea of "active externalism" (similar to semantic or "content" externalism), in which objects within the environment function as a part of the mind. <P1-S2>  They argue that it is arbitrary to say that the mind is contained only within the boundaries of the skull. <P1-S3>  The separation between the mind, the body, and the environment is seen as an unprincipled distinction. <P1-S4>  Because external objects play a significant role in aiding cognitive processes, the mind and the environment act as a "coupled system". <P1-S5>  This coupled system can be seen as a complete cognitive system of its own. <P1-S6>  In this manner, the mind is extended into the external world. <P1-S7>  The main criterion that Clark and Chalmers list for classifying the use of external objects during cognitive tasks as a part of an extended cognitive system is that the external objects must function with the same purpose as the internal processes. <SEP> <P2-S0> Dynamicism, also termed the "dynamic hypothesis" or the "dynamic hypothesis in cognitive science" or "dynamic cognition", is a new approach in cognitive science exemplified by the work of philosopher Tim van Gelder. <P2-S1>  It argues that differential equations are more suited to modeling cognition than more traditional computer models. <P2-S2>  Cf also dynamical systems theory. <SEP> <P3-S0> Distributed cognition is an approach to cognitive science research that deploys models of the extended mind (see, for example, the paper "The Extended Mind") by taking as the fundamental unit of analysis "a collection of individuals and artifacts and their relations to each other in a particular work practice" . <P3-S1>  "DCog" is a specific approach to distributed cognition (distinct from other meanings) which takes a computational perspective towards goal-based activity systems. <P3-S2>  Dcog frameworks employed were originally developed in the mid-1980s by Edwin Hutchins, who continues to be the leading pioneer and whose research is based at the University of California at San Diego.