winkelee/scaling-down huggingface dataset:
Question: Which district is best known in China for its "chenpi", Xinhui District and Yanzhou District?

<P0-S0> Xinhui, formerly romanized as Sunwui and also known as Kuixiang, is an urban district of Jiangmen in Guangdong, China. <P0-S1>  It grew from a separate city founded at the confluence of the Tan and West Rivers. <P0-S2>  It has a population of about 735,500, 98% of whom are Han Chinese but many of whom speak a dialect of Cantonese as their first language. <P0-S3>  Xinhui is best known in China for its "chenpi", a kind of dried Mandarin orange peel. <SEP> <P1-S0> Yanzhou (postal: Yenchow; ) is a district and former county-level city under the administration of Jining, in the southwest of Shandong province, People's Republic of China. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Historic Michigan Boulevard District is a historic district in the Loop community area of Chicago in Cook County, Illinois, United States encompassing Michigan Avenue between 11th (1100 south in the street numbering system) or Roosevelt Road (1200 south), depending on the source, and Randolph Streets (150 north) and named after the nearby Lake Michigan. <P2-S1>  It was designated a Chicago Landmark on February 27, 2002. <P2-S2>  The district includes numerous significant buildings on Michigan Avenue facing Grant Park. <P2-S3>  In addition, this section of Michigan Avenue includes the point recognized as the end of U.S. Route 66. <P2-S4>  This district is one of the world's best known one-sided streets rivalling Fifth Avenue in New York City and Edinburgh's Princes Street. <P2-S5>  It lies immediately south of the Michigan–Wacker Historic District and east of the Loop Retail Historic District. <SEP> <P3-S0> Birds' Paradise is located in Tianma Village, Xinhui District, Jiangmen, Guangdong Province, China. <P3-S1>  It is a unique tourist attraction which is known for its beautiful natural environment and rich bird life. <P3-S2>  The main body of Birds' Paradise is a small island with a thick banyan tree forest on it. <P3-S3>  In 1933, Ba Jin(巴金)happened to take a trip here, and was deeply impressed by its wonderful views, so he wrote a famous article, "Birds' Heaven" to in memory of this special experience. <P3-S4>  In 1984, Ba Jin（巴金）inscribed the words 小鸟天堂, and since then, this place was named after Birds' Paradise(小鸟天堂). <P3-S5>  In 2016, the local government decided to make Birds' Paradise as a national wetland park.
Question: What country are the Shaw Boulevard and the Shangri-La Plaz in?

<P0-S0> Shaw Boulevard, formerly known as Jose Rizal Boulevard, is a 6-10 lane highway connecting the cities of Mandaluyong and Pasig in the Philippines. <P0-S1>  The Boulevard is named after William James Shaw, the founder of the Wack Wack Golf and Country Club in Mandaluyong. <P0-S2>  The road is one of the major thoroughfares of the Ortigas Center in Mandaluyong and Pasig, housing many shopping malls like the Starmall on EDSA-Shaw, The Marketplace and the posh Shangri-La Plaza. <SEP> <P1-S0> San Miguel Avenue is a short north-south thoroughfare in Ortigas Center, Metro Manila, Philippines. <P1-S1>  It is an eight-lane divided avenue that runs for several hundred meters between Shaw Boulevard in the south and Julia Vargas Avenue in the north. <P1-S2>  It is named for the country's largest industrial conglomerate San Miguel Corporation that is headquartered on the avenue's junction with Julia Vargas since 1984. <SEP> <P2-S0> Nine Media Corporation (formerly known as Solar Television Network, Inc. or STVNI) is a Filipino-based media company. <P2-S1>  Formerly a wholly owned subsidiary of Solar Entertainment Corporation (SEC), a multimedia television and film company of the Tieng family, it is now solely owned by the ALC Group of Companies of the late Amb. <P2-S2>  Antonio Cabangon Chua. <P2-S3>  Nine Media is currently an affiliate of Aliw Broadcasting Corporation Its headquarters are located at the Ground Floor of the Worldwide Corporate Center, Epifanio de los Santos Avenue corner Shaw Boulevard, Mandaluyong City, sharing with its former parent Solar Entertainment. <SEP> <P3-S0> Shangri-La Plaza (colloquially called as Shang) is a large, upscale-luxury shopping mall located in Ortigas Center, Mandaluyong, Philippines. <P3-S1>  It is owned and operated by the Kuok Group of Companies, the owner of the worldwide chain of Shangri-La Hotels and Resorts. <P3-S2>  Shangri-La Plaza opened on November 21, 1991 and contains more than 300 shops and restaurants.
Question: Michael van Gerwen had his breakthrough year in 2012 in which he defeated this defending champion.

<P0-S0> The 2012 Grand Slam of Darts, also known as the William Hill Grand Slam of Darts for sponsorship purposes, was the sixth staging of the tournament, organised by the Professional Darts Corporation. <P0-S1>  The event took place from 10–18 November 2012 at the Wolverhampton Civic Hall. <P0-S2>  Phil Taylor was the defending champion, but was beaten in the Last 16 by Michael van Gerwen, who went on to make the final, but lost 16–14 to Raymond van Barneveld. <SEP> <P1-S0> Michael van Gerwen (] ; born 25 April 1989) is a Dutch professional darts player. <P1-S1>  He is the reigning PDC World Champion and currently ranked world number one. <P1-S2>  He began playing darts at the age of 13 and had won the World Masters and thrown a televised nine-dart finish within four years, becoming the youngest player to do either. <P1-S3>  However, after this initial burst onto the darting scene, Van Gerwen struggled for consistent form until his breakthrough year in 2012. <P1-S4>  Going from world number 38 at the start of 2012 to number four at the beginning of 2013, the year included his first major PDC title at the Grand Prix and a final at the 2013 World Championship. <P1-S5>  In 2014, at the age of 24, Van Gerwen became the youngest winner of the PDC World Championship. <SEP> <P2-S0> Michael Wendler (born 22 June 1972 in Dinslaken as Michael Skowronek, legal name after his marriage in 2009 Michael Norberg) is a prominent and distinguished German pop singer and songwriter. <P2-S1>  Since his breakthrough year in 1998, he has won several awards such as the prestigious Crown of the Folk Music[16] and Smgo! <P2-S2>  Award in 2012 and Most Successful Pop Star of the Year and as Median Star of Year in 2014. <P2-S3>  He has been under contract with Sony Entertainment Record Label for many years and has a total of six gold Records and one platinum. <P2-S4>  Wendler also writes songs and lyrics for other Schlager singers under the pseudonym Mic Skowy. <SEP> <P3-S0> The 1879 Men's tennis season was composed of the third annual pre-open era tour. <P3-S1>  It now incorporated 12 tournaments staged in Australia and Great Britain and Ireland. <P3-S2>  The 1879 Wimbledon Championships was won by John Hartley defending champion Patrick Francis Hadow, defending champion could not participate in the Challenge Round. <P3-S3>  This year saw the innugrial Irish Championships that in its early stages of development was considered as important that of the Wimbledon Championships the event was won by Vere St. Leger Goold who defeated in Charles David Barry in the final by Charles David Barry 8-6, 8-6. <P3-S4>  Important this year was the staging now of three hard court tournaments namely the Dublin University LT Championships the East Gloucestershire Championships held in Cheltenham Great Britain. <P3-S5>  and the first tournament to be held outside of Europe in Australia with the Victorian Championships.
Question: Which film was written and directed by an American television and film producer, screenwriter, actor, and director?

<P0-S0> Carol Ann Abrams (née Kelvin; September 23, 1942 – June 3, 2012) was an American television and film producer, author and academic. <P0-S1>  Abrams and her husband, television producer Gerald W. Abrams, are the parents of film director and producer J. J. Abrams, and screenwriter Tracy Rosen. <SEP> <P1-S0> Amongst Friends is a 1993 film written and directed by Rob Weiss. <SEP> <P2-S0> Rob Weiss is an American television and film producer, screenwriter, actor, and director. <P2-S1>  His break came in 1993 when he wrote and directed the 1993 film "Amongst Friends". <P2-S2>  The film was well received at film festivals and scored Weiss a nomination for the Grand Jury Prize at the Sundance Film Festival. <SEP> <P3-S0> Ilunga Adell (born William Adell Stevenson on November 27, 1948 in Memphis, Tennessee) is an American television and film producer, screenwriter and actor who has written for many television series, primarily sitcoms, such as "Sanford and Son", "227", "A Different World", "Married... with Children", "Roc" and "Moesha". <P3-S1>  Ilunga also produced the teen-themed series "City Guys", for which he also has written several episodes, the short-lived TV series "Up and Coming", and "My Brother and Me".
Question: Which singer lived longer, Billy Mackenzie or Donnie Munro?

<P0-S0> The Associates were a Scottish rock act, formed in Dundee in 1979 by singer Billy Mackenzie and guitarist Alan Rankine. <P0-S1>  The group first gained recognition after releasing an unauthorized cover of David Bowie's "Boys Keep Swinging" in 1979, which landed them a contract with Fiction Records. <P0-S2>  They followed with their debut album "The Affectionate Punch" in 1980 and the singles collection "Fourth Drawer Down" in 1981, both to critical praise. <SEP> <P1-S0> William MacArthur "Billy" MacKenzie (27 March 1957 – 22 January 1997) was a Scottish singer, with a distinctive high tenor voice; he was best known as a member of The Associates. <SEP> <P2-S0> Donnie Munro (Donaidh Rothach) (born 2 August 1953) is a Scottish musician, and former lead singer of the band Runrig. <SEP> <P3-S0> Chain was Edinburgh musician Paul Haig's third album and was released in May 1989 on Circa Records, a subsidiary of Virgin Records. <P3-S1>  "Chain", which Haig financed himself, was recorded and completed in 1988, but it sat on the shelf after the normally accommodating Les Disques Du Crepuscule decided not to take up the option of releasing it. <P3-S2>  The album was co-produced by long-time Haig cohort, Alan Rankine, instrumentalist with celebrated Dundee band, The Associates. <P3-S3>  There was another Associates connection on the album - the track "Chained" was written by Haig's good friend, Billy Mackenzie. <P3-S4>  Haig returned the favour and gave Mackenzie the track "Reach The Top" for his album "The Glamour Chase", which after many years in limbo was finally released in 2002.
Question: Who died first, Dieter Zorc or Michael Zorc?

<P0-S0> Michael Zorc (born 25 August 1962) is a German retired footballer who played as a central midfielder. <SEP> <P1-S0> Ninan Cuyochi (1490–1527) the oldest son of Sapa Inca Huayna Capac and was first in line to inherit the Inca Empire; however, he died of smallpox shortly before or after his father's death, bringing about aConflicting factions and the fact that the Spanish chroniclers' accounts stemmed from the winners of the ensuing civil war led to conflicting versions of what actually happened. <P1-S1>  Thus, although Huayna Capac named the infant Ninan Cuyochi as his first heir, sources differ as to whether the boy died first, was unacceptable because of an unfavorable divination, or even if Huayna simply forgot that he had named him when asked to confirm the nomination. <P1-S2>  In any event a second choice was requested and again sources vary. <P1-S3>  He may have named Huáscar half-brother Atahualpa who then refused, or named Huáscar himself, or perhaps even the nobles put forward Huáscar. <P1-S4>  Whatever the truth, the result of Huáscar's accession and the dispute over it before and after led to civil war between Huáscar (made Emperor by a faction based in Cuzco) and Atahualpa (backed by leaders who were based in the north with Huayna). <P1-S5> §≈≠±±≤ÄãÄ′°°°°° <SEP> <P2-S0> Dieter Zorc (born 17 October 1939 – 16 October 2007) was a German football defender. <P2-S1>  He was the father of Michael Zorc. <SEP> <P3-S0> Dieter Wohlfahrt (May 27, 1941 in Berlin; died December 9, 1961) was an escape helper and the first non-German and non West Berlin resident to die at the Berlin Wall.
Question: Who is the American artist and stage performer who is known for his sculptures that once stood in front of the hotel and RV park located on the Las Vegas Strip in Winchester, Nevada?

<P0-S0> Montyne (November 23, 1916 – March 17, 1989) was an American artist and stage performer. <P0-S1>  He was best known for his sculptures that once stood in front of Circus Circus Las Vegas and for his View-Master scenes of Tarzan of the Apes. <SEP> <P1-S0> Circus Circus Las Vegas is a hotel, 123928 sqft casino, and RV park located on the Las Vegas Strip in Winchester, Nevada. <P1-S1>  It is owned and operated by MGM Resorts International. <P1-S2>  Circus Circus features circus acts and carnival type games daily on the Midway. <SEP> <P2-S0> Winchester is an unincorporated town and census-designated place (CDP) and part of Las Vegas Township in Clark County, Nevada, United States that contains part of the Las Vegas Strip. <P2-S1>  It is one of a number of CDPs in the unincorporated urbanized area directly south of Las Vegas. <P2-S2>  The population was 27,978 at the 2010 census. <P2-S3>  It is governed by the Clark County Commission with advice from the Winchester Town Advisory Board. <P2-S4>  "Winchester, NV" does not appear in postal addresses; the United States Postal Service has assigned "Las Vegas, NV" as the place name for the ZIP codes containing Winchester. <SEP> <P3-S0> The Las Vegas Strip is a stretch of South Las Vegas Boulevard in Clark County, Nevada, known for its concentration of resort hotels and casinos. <P3-S1>  The Strip is approximately 4.2 mi in length, located immediately south of the Las Vegas city limits in the unincorporated towns of Paradise and Winchester. <P3-S2>  However, the Strip is often referred to as being in Las Vegas. <P3-S3>  Most of the Strip has been designated an All-American Road, and is considered a scenic route at night.
Question: Mauricio Umansky's wife on the "Real Housewives of Beverly Hills" is which American actress, television personality, memoirist and philanthropist?

<P0-S0> Vanderpump Rules is an American reality television series airing on Bravo that debuted on January 7, 2013, with the first season originally eight episodes. <P0-S1>  A spin-off of "The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills", the series features "The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills" cast member Lisa Vanderpump in the title role and her staff at Vanderpump's West Hollywood, California, restaurant SUR. <SEP> <P1-S0> Mauricio Umansky (born  1969 ) is an American high-end real estate agent, media personality, and philanthropist. <P1-S1>  His wife is "Real Housewives of Beverly Hills" star Kyle Richards and he appears on the show. <P1-S2>  He is known for being one of the top real estate agents in the country. <SEP> <P2-S0> Taylor Armstrong (born Shana Lynette Hughes on June 10, 1971) is an American television personality, memoirist and philanthropist. <P2-S1>  She appeared on the reality show "The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills". <SEP> <P3-S0> Kyle Richards (born January 11, 1969) is an American actress, television personality, memoirist and philanthropist. <P3-S1>  She began her career as a child actress, appearing in a recurring role on "Little House on the Prairie", and in several horror films, including "The Car" (1977), Tobe Hooper's "Eaten Alive" (1977), and John Carpenter's "Halloween" (1978). <P3-S2>  Since 2010, she has appeared as a main cast member on "The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills". <P3-S3>  She was a contestant on "The New Celebrity Apprentice" (also known as "The Celebrity Apprentice 8"), playing for the charity Children's Hospital Los Angeles. <P3-S4>  She was the 5th contestant fired, finishing in 12th place and raising $25,000 for her charity.
Question: What city is the prestigious honor that was granted to Debbie Bampton located?

<P0-S0> Deborah "Debbie" Bampton, MBE, (born 7 October 1961) is an English former international football midfielder. <P0-S1>  She was inducted into the English Football Hall of Fame in 2005. <P0-S2>  In 1998 Bampton was awarded an MBE in recognition of her services to women's football as both a player and a manager. <SEP> <P1-S0> The Mechanisms and Robotics Award is an honor that is given annually by the Mechanisms and Robotics Committee of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), to engineers known for a lifelong contribution to the field of mechanism design or theory. <P1-S1>  This prestigious honor can only be given once to any individual. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Phi Beta Kappa Society (ΦΒΚ) is the oldest honor society for the liberal arts and sciences in the United States. <P2-S1>  It is widely recognized, and is considered as the nation's most prestigious honor society. <P2-S2>  Phi Beta Kappa aims to promote and advocate excellence in the liberal arts and sciences and to induct the most outstanding students of arts and sciences at American colleges and universities. <P2-S3>  It was founded at The College of William and Mary on December 5, 1776 as the first collegiate Greek-letter fraternity and was among the earliest collegiate fraternal societies. <SEP> <P3-S0> The English Football Hall of Fame is housed at the National Football Museum, in Manchester, England. <P3-S1>  The Hall aims to celebrate and highlight the achievements of the all-time top English footballing talents, as well as non-English players and managers who have become significant figures in the history of the English game. <P3-S2>  New members are added each year, with an induction ceremony held in the autumn, formerly at varying locations, but exclusively at the Museum itself following its move to Manchester's Urbis building in 2012.
Question: On January 30, 2017, Elaine Duke was nominated by President Donald Trump to become the United States Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security under a man born in which year ?

<P0-S0> Thomas G. Bowman is an American political aide who has served as the United States Deputy Secretary of Veterans Affairs since 2017. <P0-S1>  On June 21, 2017, President Donald Trump nominated him to be the United States Deputy Secretary of Veterans Affairs. <P0-S2>  This nomination was confirmed by the U.S. Senate on August 3, 2017. <SEP> <P1-S0> Sloan D. Gibson IV (born 1951/1952) is the former United States Deputy Secretary of Veterans Affairs. <P1-S1>  Gibson was confirmed as the Deputy Secretary of Veterans Affairs by the United States Senate on February 11, 2014, replacing former Deputy Secretary W. Scott Gould who resigned on May 17, 2013. <P1-S2>  He became the acting Secretary of Veterans Affairs after Secretary Eric Shinseki resigned on May 30, 2014. <P1-S3>  Gibson held the acting secretary and deputy secretary positions concurrently until Robert McDonald was sworn in as the Secretary of Veterans Affairs on July 30, 2014. <SEP> <P2-S0> Elaine Costanzo Duke (born 1958) is an American civil servant who is the current Acting United States Secretary of Homeland Security. <P2-S1>  On January 30, 2017, she was nominated by President Donald Trump to become the United States Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security under John F. Kelly. <P2-S2>  She became acting Secretary of Homeland Security on July 31, 2017, when John F. Kelly assumed the office of White House Chief of Staff. <SEP> <P3-S0> John Francis Kelly (born May 11, 1950) is the current White House Chief of Staff for U.S. President Donald Trump, previously serving as U.S. Secretary of Homeland Security in the same administration.
Question: Were Iain Banks and Osip Mandelstam from the same country?

<P0-S0> Osip Emilyevich Mandelshtam (Russian: О́сип Эми́льевич Мандельшта́м ; ] ; 15 January [O.S. 3 January] 1891 – 27 December 1938) was a Polish-Jewish poet and essayist who lived in Russia during and after its revolution and the rise of the Soviet Union. <P0-S1>  He was the husband of Nadezhda Mandelshtam and one of the foremost members of the Acmeist school of poets. <P0-S2>  He was arrested by Joseph Stalin's government during the repression of the 1930s and sent into internal exile with his wife Nadezhda. <P0-S3>  Given a reprieve of sorts, they moved to Voronezh in southwestern Russia. <P0-S4>  In 1938 Mandelstam was arrested again and sentenced to a camp in Siberia. <P0-S5>  He died that year at a transit camp. <SEP> <P1-S0> Iain Banks (16 February 1954 – 9 June 2013) was a Scottish author. <P1-S1>  He wrote mainstream fiction under the name Iain Banks and science fiction as Iain M. Banks, including the initial of his adopted middle name Menzies ( ). <SEP> <P2-S0> Yevgeny S. Levitin (1930-1998) - art historian. <P2-S1>  He worked at the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts in Moscow. <P2-S2>  Author of the book "Modern graphics capitalist countries of Europe and America" (Wiley, 1959). <P2-S3>  Levitin also compiled catalogs of exhibitions of contemporary artists of Switzerland, Brazil, Mexico and other countries. <P2-S4>  He created the catalog "Lenin Prize winner, People's Artist of the USSR Vladimir Favorsky" (Wiley, 1964), prepared album "Rembrandt Harmens van Rijn, 1606-1669 and“Etchings" (L., 1972). <P2-S5>  As well as albums dedicated to Western European drawings from Museum funds. <P2-S6>  Levitin prepared an exhibition dedicated to Boris Pasternak (see Pasternak . <P2-S7> : World / Comp Levitin M. et al., 1989.) <P2-S8>  As well as the edition: Pasternak “Not I write poetry ...” Levitin also translated from foreign languages into Russian. <P2-S9>  Nadezhda Mandelstam wrote about Levitin (without mentioning his name) as a "first messenger revival of the intelligentsia, which awakens, rewriting and reading poetry" (Mandelstam NY Memories M., 1999, pp 396.; cm. <P2-S10>  and c. 391-393). <P2-S11>  In her will Nadezhda Mandelstam mentioned Levitin among future guardians of Osip Mandelstam archive. <P2-S12>  Levitin died in Jerusalem. <SEP> <P3-S0> Salomea Nikolayevna Andronikova (Russian: Саломея Николаевна Андроникова ) (also known as Salomea Ivanovna Andronikova), born Salome Andronikashvili (Georgian: სალომე ანდრონიკაშვილი ) (October 1888 – May 8, 1982) was a Georgian-Russian socialite of the literary and artistic world of pre-revolutionary St. Petersburg. <P3-S1>  A friend of the poets Anna Akhmatova and Osip Mandelstam, her physical and intellectual charms were celebrated in their poetry and inspired other writers such as Grigol Robakidze and Ilia Zdanevich, as well as the artists Boris Grigoriev, Alexandre Jacovleff and Zinaida Serebriakova. <P3-S2>  In exile she lived in Georgia (1917-1919), France (1919-1940), the United States of America (1940-1947) and Britain (1947-1982).
Question: WBON is a radio station located in what hamlet?

<P0-S0> Babylon FM is a contemporary hit radio station located in Erbil, Iraq. <P0-S1>  The station is owned by Babylon Group and broadcasts from studios in the Babylon Media headquarters located in the city's Ankawa district. <P0-S2>  The station is the only all-English radio station in all of Iraq. <P0-S3>  The station is the official partner of American Top 40 show in the country. <SEP> <P1-S0> WBON (98.5 FM, "La Nueva Fiesta") is a Spanish-language FM radio station licensed to Westhampton, New York and operating at 98.5 MHz with a Tropical format. <P1-S1>  Its transmitter is located in Manorville, New York. <P1-S2>  The station is licensed to JVC Media LLC. <SEP> <P2-S0> Manorville is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in Suffolk County, New York, United States. <P2-S1>  The population was 14,314 at the 2010 census. <SEP> <P3-S0> A ship station (or ship radio station) is a radio station located on board a sea vessel. <P3-S1>  The ITU Radio Regulations define it as "A mobile station in the maritime mobile service located on board a vessel which is not permanently moored, other than a survival craft station."
Question: Fritz von Brodowski was killed during what global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945?

<P0-S0> Friedrich Wilhelm Konrad von Brodowski, known at "Fritz", (November 26, 1886 – October 28, 1944) was a German army general, controversially killed while in French custody during World War II. <P0-S1>  His death led to the murder, by way of a reprisal, of an imprisoned French army general, Gustave Mesny. <SEP> <P1-S0> Gustave Marie Maurice Mesny (28 March 1886 – 19 January 1945) was a French Army general in command of the 5th North African Infantry Division who was captured during the Second World War. <P1-S1>  Mesny was unlawfully executed in retribution for the death of German general Fritz von Brodowski. <SEP> <P2-S0> Wilhelm Fritz von Roettig (25 July 1888 – 10 September 1939) was a general in the Waffen-SS who participated in the invasion of Poland. <P2-S1>  He was the first general to be killed in World War II. <P2-S2>  Von Roettig held the ranks of Generalmajor der Ordnungspolizei and SS Brigadeführer. <SEP> <P3-S0> World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. <P3-S1>  It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. <P3-S2>  It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. <P3-S3>  In a state of total war, the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, erasing the distinction between civilian and military resources.
Question: What is the book that the author of Ug is best known for?

<P0-S0> Raymond Redvers Briggs, CBE (born 18 January 1934) is an English illustrator, cartoonist, graphic novelist and author who has achieved critical and popular success among adults and children. <P0-S1>  He is best known in Britain for his story "The Snowman", a book without words whose cartoon adaptation is televised and whose musical adaptation is staged every Christmas. <SEP> <P1-S0> Lafayette Ronald Hubbard (March 13, 1911 – January 24, 1986), better known as L. Ron Hubbard ( ) and often referred to by his initials, LRH, was an American author and the founder of the Church of Scientology. <P1-S1>  After establishing a career as a writer, becoming best known for his science fiction and fantasy stories, he developed a system called Dianetics which was first expounded in book form in May 1950. <P1-S2>  He subsequently developed his ideas into a wide-ranging set of doctrines and practices as part of a new religious movement that he called Scientology. <P1-S3>  His writings became the guiding texts for the Church of Scientology and a number of affiliated organizations that address such diverse topics as business administration, literacy and drug rehabilitation. <P1-S4>  The Church's dissemination of these materials led to Hubbard being listed by the "Guinness Book of World Records" as the most translated and published author in the world. <P1-S5>  The Guinness World Record for the most audio books published for one author is also held by Hubbard. <P1-S6>  In 2014, Hubbard was cited by "Smithsonian" magazine as one of the 100 most significant Americans of all time, as one of the eleven religious figures on that list. <SEP> <P2-S0> John C. Wright (Best known in the trades as Capt. John) John C. Wright is an American author of cruising books. <P2-S1>  Best known for his books about living aboard and cruising America's Great Loop. <P2-S2>  His best selling books include "Once Around Is Not Enough" and "America's Great Loop & Beyond" published by Anchor Publishing. <P2-S3>  His book "America's Great Loop and Beyond" earned him 2013, 2014 and 2015 Best Selling author in the Nautical Market. <P2-S4>  In 2016 his "Once Around Is Not Enough" became the #1 BEST SELLER and winner of the Boaters' Choice Book of the Year. <P2-S5>  Capt. John is best known for his books and website about living aboard and cruising America's Great Loop. " <P2-S6> Publishers Weekly" said he "may be this century's most influential author in the nautical market." <SEP> <P3-S0> Ug is a children's book by Raymond Briggs. <P3-S1>  In 2001 it won the Nestlé Smarties Book Prize Silver Award.
Question: Consider the person who ordained Ronald Shapley. When did they serve as Archbishop of Centerbury?

<P0-S0> Lieutenant General Alan Shapley (February 9, 1903 - May 13, 1973) was a United States Marine Corps officer who survived the sinking of the USS "Arizona" during the World War II Attack on Pearl Harbor, and went on to serve with distinction in the Pacific Theater and later in the Korean War. <P0-S1>  He was awarded the Silver Star for his gallantry on December 7, 1941, and later the Navy Cross for his extraordinary heroism during the Battle of Guam. <P0-S2>  His last command was as the commanding general of the Fleet Marine Force, Pacific. <SEP> <P1-S0> Geoffrey Francis Fisher, Baron Fisher of Lambeth, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (5 May 1887 – 15 September 1972) was Archbishop of Canterbury from 1945 to 1961. <SEP> <P2-S0> He was born on 16 July 1890 and educated at King's College London. <P2-S1>  After World War I with the London Regiment he was ordained in 1920. <P2-S2>  After a Curacy at St Clement’s Notting Hill he was Chaplain of the Gordon Boys’ Home. <P2-S3>  In 1927 he entered the Chaplains’ Branch of the RAF rising in time to be Assistant Chaplain-in-Chief before his appointment to the Episcopate. <P2-S4>  He was ordained and consecrated a bishop on St Luke's day (18 October) at Southwark Cathedral by Geoffrey Fisher, Archbishop of Canterbury, and died on 27 December 1964. <SEP> <P3-S0> An elder in Christianity is a person who is valued for wisdom and holds a position of responsibility in a Christian group. <P3-S1>  In some Christian traditions (e.g., Eastern Orthodoxy, Roman Catholicism, Anglicanism, Methodism) an "elder" is an ordained person who usually serves a local church or churches and who has been ordained to a ministry of word, sacrament and order, filling the preaching and pastoral offices. <P3-S2>  In other Christian traditions (e.g., Presbyterianism, Baptists, Plymouth Brethren), an elder may be a lay person charged with serving as an administrator in a local , or be ordained to such an office, also serving in the preaching (in this case referring to teaching done during church gatherings) and/or pastoral roles. <P3-S3>  There is technically a distinction between the idea of ordained elders and lay elders, often the two concepts are conflated in everyday conversation (for example, a lay elder in the Baptist tradition may still be referred to as being "clergy", especially in America). <P3-S4>  Particularly in reference to age and experience, elders exist throughout world cultures, and the Christian sense of elder is partially related to this.
Question: Jayson Truitt Edward Nix previously played for a Canadian team that was part of what league?

<P0-S0> The National Hockey League's Metropolitan Division was formed in 2013 as part of the Eastern Conference in a league realignment. <P0-S1>  It is also a successor of the Atlantic Division and one of the two successors to the Southeast Division. <P0-S2>  Six of its teams were previously together in the Patrick Division from 1981–93 (one joined in 1982). <P0-S3>  As of the 2013–14 season, it is the only NHL division without a Canadian team. <P0-S4>  Five of the division's teams are located in either the New York City area or in Pennsylvania. <SEP> <P1-S0> Jayson Truitt Edward Nix (born August 26, 1982) is a former American professional baseball utility player. <P1-S1>  He has previously played for the Colorado Rockies, Chicago White Sox, Cleveland Indians, Toronto Blue Jays, New York Yankees, Philadelphia Phillies, Pittsburgh Pirates, and Kansas City Royals. <P1-S2>  His older brother, Laynce Nix, has also played in MLB. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Toronto Blue Jays are a Canadian professional baseball team based in Toronto, Ontario. <P2-S1>  The Blue Jays compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) East division. <P2-S2>  The team plays its home games at the Rogers Centre. <SEP> <P3-S0> Doyle Edward Nix (May 30, 1933January 6, 2009) was an American football defensive back in the National Football League for the Green Bay Packers and the Washington Redskins. <P3-S1>  He also played in the American Football League for the Los Angeles Chargers and the Dallas Texans. <P3-S2>  He played college football at Southern Methodist University.
Question: Who is older, Bob Bryan or Mariaan de Swardt?

<P0-S0> Robert Charles Bryan (born April 29, 1978) is an American male professional tennis player. <P0-S1>  He has won twenty-three Grand Slam titles: 16 in men's doubles and 7 in mixed doubles. <P0-S2>  He turned professional in 1998. <P0-S3>  With his twin brother Mike, he has been world No. 1 doubles player for much of the last several years, first achieving the top ranking in September 2003. <P0-S4>  The brothers were named ATP Team of the Decade for 2000–2009. <P0-S5>  The brothers became the second men's doubles team to complete the career golden slam at the 2012 Summer Olympics. <SEP> <P1-S0> Mariaan de Swardt (born 18 March 1971) is a former tennis player from South Africa, who played as a professional from 1988 to 2001. <P1-S1>  She twice represented her native country at the Summer Olympics, in 1992 and 1996, and was a member of the South African Fed Cup Team in 1992 and 1994–1997. <P1-S2>  In 2006, de Swardt became a U.S. citizen. <SEP> <P2-S0> Bob Bryan and Bob Bryan were the defending champions. <P2-S1>  They successfully defended their title, defeating Jaroslav Levinský and Robert Lindstedt 6–3, 6–2 in the final. <SEP> <P3-S0> Mariaan de Swardt won in the final 3–6, 7–6, 7–5 against Barbara Schett.
Question: Which author, Joyce Cary or J. K. Rowling, is a British novelist and screenwriter who wrote the "Harry Potter" fantasy series?

<P0-S0> Joanne Rowling, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} ( ; born 31 July 1965), who writes under the pen names J. K. Rowling and Robert Galbraith, is a British novelist and screenwriter who wrote the "Harry Potter" fantasy series. <P0-S1>  The books have won multiple awards, and sold more than 400 million copies. <P0-S2>  They have become the best-selling book series in history and been the basis for a series of films, over which Rowling had overall approval on the scripts and was a producer on the final films in the series. <SEP> <P1-S0> Religious debates over the "Harry Potter" series of books by J. K. Rowling are based on claims that the novels contain occult or Satanic subtexts. <P1-S1>  A number of Protestant, Catholic, and Orthodox Christians have argued against the series, as have some Shia and Sunni Muslims. <P1-S2>  Supporters of the series have said that the magic in "Harry Potter" bears little resemblance to occultism, being more in the vein of fairy tales such as "Cinderella" and "Snow White", or to the works of C. S. Lewis and J. R. R. Tolkien, both of whom are known for writing fantasy novels with Christian subtexts. <P1-S3>  Far from promoting a particular religion, some argue, the "Harry Potter" novels go out of their way to avoid discussing religion at all. <P1-S4>  However, the author of the series, J. K. Rowling, describes herself as a practising Christian, and many have noted the Christian references which she includes in the final novel "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows". <SEP> <P2-S0> Arthur Joyce Lunel Cary (7 December 1888 – 29 March 1957) was an Irish novelist. <SEP> <P3-S0> Mister Johnson (1939) is a novel by Joyce Cary. <P3-S1>  It is the story of a young Nigerian who falls foul of the British colonial regime. <P3-S2>  Although the novel has a comic tone, the story itself is tragic. <P3-S3>  Joyce Cary has been quoted as saying that "Mister Johnson" was his favorite of his own books. <P3-S4>  "Mister Johnson" is often read in schools and has had a wide audience. <P3-S5>  It has been adapted as a play by Norman Rosten, and a film by Bruce Beresford. <P3-S6>  Chinua Achebe has said that "Mister Johnson" struck him as superficial and helped form his determination to write his own novels about Nigeria. <P3-S7>  Other critics have found Cary's portrayal of his main character patronizing and Johnson himself childish.
Question: In which year was the historic house and museum that the Maine Historical Society operates from designated as a National Historic Landmark?

<P0-S0> The F. Julius LeMoyne House is a historic house museum at 49 East Maiden Street in Washington, Pennsylvania. <P0-S1>  Built in 1812, it was the home of Dr. Francis Julius LeMoyne (1798–1897), an antislavery activist who used it as a stop on the Underground Railroad. <P0-S2>  LeMoyne also assisted in the education of freed slaves after the American Civil War, founding the historically black LeMoyne–Owen College in Memphis, Tennessee. <P0-S3>  His house, now operated as a museum by the local historical society, was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1997. <P0-S4>  It is designated as a historic public landmark by the Washington County History & Landmarks Foundation. <SEP> <P1-S0> The Wadsworth-Longfellow House is a historic house and museum in Portland, Maine, United States. <P1-S1>  It is located at 489 Congress Street and is operated by the Maine Historical Society. <P1-S2>  It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1962, and administratively added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1966. <P1-S3>  The house is open daily to public from May through October (half days on Sundays). <P1-S4>  An admission fee is charged. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Simon Cameron House, also known as John Harris Mansion and the Harris-Cameron Mansion, is a historic house museum at 219 South Front Street in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. <P2-S1>  Built in 1766 and frequently extended and altered, it is one of Harrisburg's oldest buildings, and is nationally notable as the summer residence of Simon Cameron (1799-1889), an influential Republican Party politician during and after the American Civil War. <P2-S2>  The house and family items were donated to the Historical Society of Dauphin County in 1941, which now operates it as a museum. <P2-S3>  The mansion was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1975, and is located in the Harrisburg Historic District. <SEP> <P3-S0> The Maine Historical Society is the official state historical society of Maine. <P3-S1>  It is located at 489 Congress Street in downtown Portland. <P3-S2>  The Society currently operates the Wadsworth-Longfellow House, a National Historic Landmark, Longfellow Garden, the Maine Historical Society Museum and Store, the Brown Research Library, as well as the Maine Memory Network, an online database of documents and images that includes resources from many of state's local historical societies.
Question: what year was the county thats home to the Wolf Mountains founded?

<P0-S0> Big Horn County is a county in the U.S. state of Montana. <P0-S1>  As of the 2010 census, the population was 12,865. <P0-S2>  The county seat is Hardin. <P0-S3>  The county, like the river and mountain range, were named for the bighorn sheep in the Rocky Mountains. <P0-S4>  The county was founded in 1913. <P0-S5>  It is immediately to the north from the northern Wyoming state line. <SEP> <P1-S0> The Wolf Mountains, el. <P1-S1>  4842 ft , sometimes referred to by local people as the Rosebud Mountains, and also known to the Crow Indians as the Wolf Teeth Mountains, are a mountain range east of Lodge Grass, Montana in Big Horn County, Montana. <SEP> <P2-S0> Wolf Mountains Battlefield/Where Big Crow Walked Back and Forth was the site of the Battle of Wolf Mountain, the last major combat of the Great Sioux War of 1876-77. <P2-S1>  It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2001, and was designated a National Historic Landmark in 2008. <SEP> <P3-S0> Wolf Park is a nonprofit education and research facility which was established in 1972 by Dr. Erich Klinghammer. <P3-S1>  Along with research and seminars on wolf behavior, particularly reproductive and inter-pack social behavior, Wolf Park provides interpretive programs to school groups throughout the year by prearrangement. <P3-S2>  They are also open to the general public from May through November and Saturday evening for Howl Nights. <P3-S3>  The park is home to several packs of gray wolves, plus coyotes, foxes, and bison. <P3-S4>  They are incorporated under Wolf Park, Inc. which is located in the small town of Battle Ground, Indiana, United States.
Question: The Argentine city Crespo holds an annual beer festival based on a German festival that began in what year?

<P0-S0> Bauernfest (also called the Festival of the German Settlers) is a traditional festival that is held to honor the Germans that immigrated to Brazil. <P0-S1>  It is held during the month of July in Petrópolis, a city with a strong German influence, which is located in the highlands region of the state of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil. <P0-S2>  Since 1989 the Bauernfest has been held every year in the city center. <P0-S3>  It is considered the largest festival in the Petrópolis region, and the second largest German festival in Brazil, behind the Oktoberfest of Blumenau, in Santa Catarina. <P0-S4>  The festival features folk dances, choirs, traditional bands such as the "Banda Musical Germânica " (Germanic Musical Band) of Blumenau, contest beer drinking. <P0-S5>  Typical savory foods include sausages, Sauerkraut, Wurstsalat, Sauerbraten and so forth. <P0-S6>  The main beverage is beer, desserts and confectionery include chocolate and Black Forest cake. <P0-S7>  In 2012, there were 368,000 participants who spent R$ 55 million (US$ 24 million). <P0-S8>  In 11 days of celebration 7.5 tons of sausage and 35,000 liters of beer were consumed. <SEP> <P1-S0> Crespo is a city in the Argentine province of Entre Ríos, some 40 km from the provincial capital Paraná. <P1-S1>  It has around 18,000 inhabitants (as per the 2001 census ), most of whom are descendants of Volga Germans who migrated from Russia to Argentina from 1875 onwards. <P1-S2>  The town's German heritage is reflected in the annual beer festival, based on the Oktoberfest but held in January. <P1-S3>  The economy is centered in avicultural and other agricultural products. <SEP> <P2-S0> The GABS 'Hottest 100 Aussie Craft Beers of the Year' poll began as a bit of fun in January 2008 at The Local Taphouse beer bars in Melbourne and Sydney, the home of the very first GABS beer festival in 2011. <P2-S1>  Staff and customers voted for their favourite five Australian craft beers of the year and the resultant list of 100 beers was jokingly called the "hottest 100 Aussie craft beers of the year" after the famous Triple J Hottest 100 songs annual poll. <P2-S2>  Now supported by beer publications Crafty Pint and Australian Brews News, the annual beer poll attracts thousands of beer fans around the country who vote for their favourite Australian craft beers each year. <SEP> <P3-S0> Oktoberfest (] ) is the world's largest Volksfest (beer festival and travelling funfair). <P3-S1>  Held annually in Munich, Bavaria, Germany, it is a 16- to 18-day folk festival running from mid or late September to the first weekend in October, with more than 6 million people from around the world attending the event every year. <P3-S2>  Locally, it is often called the Wiesn, after the colloquial name for the fairgrounds, Theresa's meadows ("Theresienwiese"). <P3-S3>  The Oktoberfest is an important part of Bavarian culture, having been held since the year 1810. <P3-S4>  Other cities across the world also hold Oktoberfest celebrations that are modelled after the original Munich event.
Question: What year was the man who wrote the music score for A Long Day's Journey into Night born?

<P0-S0> Robert Lawrence Leonard (born February 28, 1969), better known by his stage name Robert Sean Leonard, is an American actor. <P0-S1>  He is known for playing Dr. James Wilson in the television series "House" (2004–2012) and Neil Perry in the film "Dead Poets Society". <P0-S2>  Leonard won a Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Play for his performance in "The Invention of Love" in 2001. <P0-S3>  His other Broadway credits include "Candida", "Long Day's Journey Into Night", "Breaking the Code", "The Speed of Darkness", "Philadelphia, Here I Come! <P0-S4> ", "Arcadia", "The Music Man", "Born Yesterday", and "To Kill a Mockingbird". <SEP> <P1-S0> Long Day's Journey into Night is a 1962 adaptation of the Eugene O'Neill play. <P1-S1>  It was directed by Sidney Lumet and produced by Ely Landau with Joseph E. Levine and Jack J. Dreyfus, Jr. as executive producers. <P1-S2>  The screenplay was not adapted but used directly from O'Neill's play, the music score by André Previn, and the cinematography by Boris Kaufman. <SEP> <P2-S0> David Wellington (born 1963) is a Canadian film and television director, best known for the films "I Love a Man in Uniform" and the 1996 adaptation of "Long Day's Journey into Night". <SEP> <P3-S0> André George Previn, KBE ( ; born Andreas Ludwig Priwin; April 6, 1929) is a German-American pianist, conductor, and composer. <P3-S1>  Previn is the winner of four Academy Awards for his film work and ten Grammy Awards for his recordings (and one more for his Lifetime Achievement).
Question: Maple Hill in Sussex County, N.J. lies on which interstate hiking trail?

<P0-S0> Maple Hill Pavilion (formerly Maple Hill Mall) is a strip mall serving the city of Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA. <P0-S1>  Maple Hill Mall became a "dead mall" after several years of decline and the loss of several major tenants. <P0-S2>  The center has since been re-developed as a strip mall called Maple Hill Pavilion which features DSW Shoe Warehouse, Hobby Lobby, Marshalls, PetSmart, Pier One Imports, Office Max, Rooms Today and Target as its anchor stores. Maple Hill Pavilion is managed by Devonshire REIT. <SEP> <P1-S0> Maple Hill is a mountain in northeastern Sussex County, New Jersey. <P1-S1>  The summit rises to 1224 ft . <P1-S2>  The Appalachian Trail passes Maple Hill, but does not ascend to the summit. <P1-S3>  It is part of the New York–New Jersey Highlands of the Appalachian Mountains. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Appalachian National Scenic Trail, generally known as the Appalachian Trail or simply the A.T., is a marked hiking trail in the Eastern United States extending between Springer Mountain in Georgia and Mount Katahdin in Maine. <P2-S1>  The trail is about 2,200 miles (3,500 km) long, though the exact length changes over time as parts are modified or rerouted. <P2-S2>  The Appalachian Trail Conservancy claims that the Appalachian Trail is the longest hiking-only trail in the world. <P2-S3>  More than 2 million people are said to do at least one day-hike on the trail each year. <SEP> <P3-S0> The Uwharrie Trail is a hiking trail located in the Uwharrie Mountains in central North Carolina. <P3-S1>  The original Uwharrie Trail was an approximately 40-mile (80.5-km) long hiking trail that was completed in 1975. <P3-S2>  The trail began at the Asheboro Regional airport near Tot Hill Farm road and ended at NC 24-27 in Montgomery County near Troy, NC. <P3-S3>  It has since been fragmented south of the Birkhead Wilderness to Jumpin Off Rock Trailhead on Flint Hill Rd.