winkelee/scaling-down huggingface dataset:
Question: Where does the Glacier des Diablerets located?

<P0-S0> Jackson Glacier is approximately the seventh largest of the remaining 25 glaciers in Glacier National Park located in the US state of Montana. <P0-S1>  A part of the largest grouping of glaciers in the park, Jackson Glacier rests on the north side of Mount Jackson. <P0-S2>  The glacier was most recently measured in 2005 at 250 acre , yet when first documented in 1850, the glacier also included the now separate Blackfoot Glacier and together, they covered 1875 acre . <P0-S3>  Between 1966 and 2005, Jackson Glacier lost almost a third of its acreage. <P0-S4>  When the two mountains were united prior to their separation sometime before 1929, they were known simply as Blackfoot Glacier. <P0-S5>  In 1850, there were an estimated 150 glaciers in the park. <P0-S6>  Glaciologists have stated that by the year 2030, many if not all of the glaciers in the park may disappear completely. <P0-S7>  Jackson and Blackfoot glaciers have been selected for monitoring by the U.S. Geological Survey's Glacier Monitoring Research program, which is researching changes to the mass balance of glaciers in and surrounding Glacier National Park. <P0-S8>  The glacier is being monitored using remote sensing equipment and repeat photography, where images of the glacier are taken from identical locations periodically. <P0-S9>  Jackson Glacier is one of the easiest of the park's glaciers to observe, and is located south of the Going-to-the-Sun Road on the east side of the Continental Divide, upper St. Mary Valley. <SEP> <P1-S0> The Pointe des Berons is a mountain of the Mont Blanc Massif, located on the border between Switzerland and France. <P1-S1>  It lies approximately halfway between the Col de Balme and the Aiguille du Tour. <P1-S2>  The east (Swiss) side is covered by the Glacier des Berons. <SEP> <P2-S0> Most of the glacier is used as a ski area and is better known under the name "Glacier 3000" or "Glacier des Diablerets" (the latter is in fact a nearby smaller glacier on the summit of the Diablerets). <P2-S1>  The area can be reached from the Scex Rouge. <SEP> <P3-S0> Glacier 3000 (officially Gstaad 3000 AG) is a company that operates several cable cars and ski lifts in the region of the Diablerets in western Switzerland. <P3-S1>  It was created in 1997 by the merging of two former companies (Reusch - Cabane des Diablerets SA, Téléphériques Pillon – Glacier des Diablerets SA). <P3-S2>  The company is now based in Gstaad.
Question: What is the name of the artificial hill in the water theme park located at the Walt Disney World Resort in Orlando, Florida?

<P0-S0> Mount Gushmore is an artificial hill in Disney's Blizzard Beach water park. <P0-S1>  The mountain formerly included a rock climbing wall attraction; this has, however, been non-operational for a number of years, due to safety and staffing considerations. <P0-S2>  A chairlift transports guests to the top of Mount Gushmore, where the entrances to many of the slides and flumes are. <P0-S3>  The mountain has a total elevation of 90 feet. <SEP> <P1-S0> Disney's Typhoon Lagoon is a water theme park located at the Walt Disney World Resort in Lake Buena Vista in Orlando, Florida and is one of two operating water parks at the resort. <P1-S1>  It is the second water park to open at the resort after Disney's River Country, which closed in November 2001. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Walt Disney World Resort is an entertainment complex in Bay Lake and Lake Buena Vista, Florida, near Orlando and Kissimmee, Florida. <P2-S1>  Opened on October 1, 1971, the resort is owned and operated by Walt Disney Parks and Resorts, a division of The Walt Disney Company. <P2-S2>  It was initially operated by Walt Disney World Company. <P2-S3>  The property covers 27258 acres , featuring four theme parks, two water parks, twenty-seven themed resort hotels, nine non–Disney hotels, several golf courses, a camping resort, and other entertainment venues, including Disney Springs. <SEP> <P3-S0> Disney's Blizzard Beach is a water theme park located at the Walt Disney World Resort in Orlando, Florida. <P3-S1>  All water areas are heated (at approximately 80 F ), with the exception of the melting snow in the ice cave of Cross Country Creek.
Question: Who is the director of the sequel to the 1991 American horror-thriller film directed by Jonathan Demme?

<P0-S0> Dark Ride is a 2006 American horror-thriller film directed by Craig Singer and written by Singer and Robert Dean Klein. <P0-S1>  It was selected to play at the 8 Films To Die For film festival, as one of the first eight films to be featured in the festival's series. <P0-S2>  The film revolves around a group of friends who are terrorized by a crazy masked murderer at a dark ride in an amusement park. <SEP> <P1-S0> Hannibal is a 2001 American psychological horror film directed by Ridley Scott, adapted from the novel of the same name by Thomas Harris. <P1-S1>  It is the sequel to the 1991 Academy Award–winning film "The Silence of the Lambs" in which Anthony Hopkins returns to his role as the iconic serial killer, Hannibal Lecter. <P1-S2>  Julianne Moore co-stars, in the role first held by Jodie Foster, as FBI Special Agent Clarice Starling. <SEP> <P2-S0> Jackals is a 2017 American horror-thriller film directed by Kevin Greutert and produced by Tommy Alastra. <P2-S1>  The film is written by Jared Rivet. <SEP> <P3-S0> The Silence of the Lambs is a 1991 American horror-thriller film directed by Jonathan Demme and starring Jodie Foster, Anthony Hopkins, and Scott Glenn. <P3-S1>  Adapted by Ted Tally from the 1988 novel of the same name by Thomas Harris, his second to feature the character of Dr. Hannibal Lecter; a brilliant psychiatrist and cannibalistic serial killer, the film was the second adaptation of a Harris novel featuring Lecter, preceded by the Michael Mann-directed "Manhunter" in 1986. <P3-S2>  In the film, Clarice Starling, a young U.S. FBI trainee, seeks the advice of the imprisoned Dr. Lecter to apprehend another serial killer, known only as "Buffalo Bill".
Question: Are Larry Gagosian and Steve Dildarian both art dealers?

<P0-S0> Gagosian Gallery is a contemporary art gallery owned and directed by Larry Gagosian. <P0-S1>  There are sixteen gallery spaces: five in New York; three in London; two in Paris; one each in Beverly Hills, San Francisco, Rome, Athens, Geneva and Hong Kong. <SEP> <P1-S0> Steve Dildarian (born November 3, 1969) is an American former advertising copywriter who is the creator, writer, producer and voice of Tim in the HBO animated television series "The Life & Times of Tim" (2008-2012). <SEP> <P2-S0> Lawrence Gilbert "Larry" Gagosian (born April 19, 1945) is an Armenian American art dealer who owns the Gagosian Gallery chain of art galleries. <P2-S1>  Working in concert with collectors including Douglas S. Cramer, Eli Broad and Keith Barish he developed a reputation for staging museum quality exhibitions. <SEP> <P3-S0> The Life & Times of Tim is an HBO comedy animated television series, which premiered on September 28, 2008. <P3-S1>  The series was created by Steve Dildarian, and is about a hapless man in his mid-20s named Tim (voiced by Dildarian) who lives in New York City with his girlfriend Amy. <P3-S2>  Throughout the series, Tim constantly finds himself in increasingly awkward situations in both his work and personal life.
Question: Who was born first, James Agee or Robert Pinsky?

<P0-S0> A list of the published work by or about American poet Robert Pinsky. <SEP> <P1-S0> James Rufus Agee ( ; November 27, 1909 – May 16, 1955) was an American novelist, journalist, poet, screenwriter and film critic. <P1-S1>  In the 1940s, he was one of the most influential film critics in the U.S. His autobiographical novel, "A Death in the Family" (1957), won the author a posthumous 1958 Pulitzer Prize. <SEP> <P2-S0> A Death in the Family is an autobiographical novel by author James Agee, set in Knoxville, Tennessee. <P2-S1>  He began writing it in 1948, but it was not quite complete when he died in 1955 (with reputedly many portions having been written in the home of his friend Frances Wickes). <P2-S2>  It was edited and released posthumously in 1957 by editor David McDowell. <P2-S3>  Agee's widow and children were left with little money after Agee's death and McDowell wanted to help them by publishing the work. <P2-S4>  Agee won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1958 for the novel. <P2-S5>  The novel was included on "Time"'s 2005 list of the 100 best English-language novels written since 1923. <SEP> <P3-S0> Robert Pinsky (born October 20, 1940) is an American poet, essayist, literary critic, and translator. <P3-S1>  From 1997 to 2000, he served as Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress. <P3-S2>  Pinsky is the author of nineteen books, most of which are collections of his poetry. <P3-S3>  His published work also includes critically acclaimed translations, including "The Inferno" of Dante Alighieri and "The Separate Notebooks" by Czesław Miłosz. <P3-S4>  He teaches at Boston University.
Question: Which actor who appeared in Nouvelle-France also appeared as Colonel William Tavington in "The Patriot"?

<P0-S0> William "Billy" Flora (fl. <P0-S1>  1775–1818) was a free-born African American from Virginia who served as a soldier on the Patriot side in the American Revolutionary War. <P0-S2>  He fought under Colonel William Woodford in the Battle of Great Bridge in December 1775, where he is widely acknowledged as the hero of the battle. <P0-S3>  A sentry at the bridge reported he was the last to cross as the British advanced. <P0-S4>  As he retreated from his post, under heavy fire from the British line, he ripped up a plank from the bridge. <P0-S5>  This made the British crossing, under fire from the colonials, impossible. <P0-S6>  As a result, the British were forced to withdraw to their ships. <P0-S7>  The only casualty on the American side survived to speak very highly of Flora and his courage. <SEP> <P1-S0> Nouvelle-France (released as Battle of the Brave in English-speaking areas) is a 2004 historical romance directed by Jean Beaudin, written by Pierre Billon and starring Noémie Godin-Vigneau, David La Haye, Juliette Gosselin, Sébastien Huberdeau, Gérard Depardieu, Bianca Gervais, Irène Jacob, Pierre Lebeau, Vincent Pérez, Isabel Richer, Tim Roth, Jason Isaacs and Colm Meaney. <P1-S1>  Separate English and French language versions were shot simultaneously. <P1-S2>  The film cost $30 million, making it as of 2004 the most expensive ever made in Quebec. <SEP> <P2-S0> Colonel William Joseph (W.J.) "Joe" Aitchison, OMM, CD (born December 5, 1941) is a retired Canadian military officer, and former Colonel of the Regiment for the Royal Canadian Regiment. <P2-S1>  He is also a security consultant and member of the board of directors of several organizations. <P2-S2>  He received the 2008 J.J. Kelso Award from the Hastings Children's Aid Society for his work with the Ontario Association of Children's Aid Societies. <SEP> <P3-S0> Jason Isaacs (born 6 June 1963) is an English actor. <P3-S1>  He is known for playing Lucius Malfoy in the "Harry Potter" films, Colonel William Tavington in "The Patriot", and criminal Michael Caffee in the American television series "Brotherhood". <P3-S2>  In December 2016, he played the lead antagonist in the Netflix supernatural series "The OA". <P3-S3> . <P3-S4>  He is part of the main cast of the series "".
Question: Which is categorised as mixed use, 45 Broad Street or Central Park Tower?

<P0-S0> Broad Street Tower (also known as 212–223 Broad Street by its address) is an approved 134-metre skyscraper for Broad Street, Birmingham, England. <P0-S1>  It is designed by DTZ Pieda Consulting and Level Seven Architects. <SEP> <P1-S0> Marischal Square is a mixed use development currently under construction in Broad Street, Aberdeen, Scotland. <P1-S1>  The development is located on the site of St. Nicholas House, Aberdeen City Council's former 14 storey headquarters building, which was expected to be demolished by Spring 2014, after staff were relocated to the redeveloped Marischal College on the opposite side of Broad Street in 2011. <SEP> <P2-S0> Central Park Tower (also known as the Nordstrom Tower and 225 West 57th Street, its address) is a supertall mixed-use commercial/residential project being developed by the Extell Development Company and Shanghai Municipal Investment Group in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. <P2-S1>  The building will rise 1,550 ft (472 m) to the roof. <P2-S2>  Upon completion, Central Park Tower will become the second tallest skyscraper in the United States. <P2-S3>  The building will also be the tallest by roof height in the United States, surpassing the Willis Tower. <P2-S4>  The building is also notable for its former proposed architectural height of 1775 ft , one foot shorter than the symbolic 1776 ft height of One World Trade Center. <SEP> <P3-S0> 45 Broad Street is a skyscraper under construction in the Financial District of Manhattan. <P3-S1>  The building will be entirely residential, and is being developed by Madison Equities on Broad Street.
Question: What American Canadian actor, born April 15, 1982, co-wrote "The Watch"?

<P0-S0> Jason 'JCarver' Somerville (born April 15, 1987) is an American poker player and Team PokerStars Pro specializing in Texas Hold'em. <P0-S1>  He has one World Series of Poker bracelet and 3.9 million in live tournament results. <P0-S2>  He is the founder of Run It UP, a video/live stream series where viewers are encouraged to watch, listen, and learn as he turns $50 into $10,000. <P0-S3>  He has been a contributor to the PokerVT training team as an advanced instructor in poker tournaments and a “Ones to Watch” for the World Poker Tour XI Season. <SEP> <P1-S0> Doug McGrath (born April 13, 1935) is a Canadian actor whose most notable role was that of "Peter" in the acclaimed Canadian film "Goin' Down the Road" (1970) and its sequel "Down the Road Again" (2011). <P1-S1>  He also played in acclaimed Canadian films "Wedding in White" (1972), "The Hard Part Begins" (1973), the original "Black Christmas" (1974), "Russian Roulette" (1975) and "Coming Out Alive" (1980). <P1-S2>  He had a supporting role as a gym teacher in the cult comedy "Porky's" (1981), and also played roles in "The Escape Artist" (1982), "" (1983), the Australian comedy "The Return of Captain Invincible" (1983), "Always" (1989) and "Ghosts of Mars" (2001). <SEP> <P2-S0> The Watch (previously known as Neighborhood Watch) is a 2012 American science fiction comedy film directed by Akiva Schaffer and written by Jared Stern, Seth Rogen and Evan Goldberg. <P2-S1>  It stars Ben Stiller, Vince Vaughn, Jonah Hill and Richard Ayoade. <P2-S2>  The film follows Evan (Stiller), Bob (Vaughn), Franklin (Hill), and Jamarcus (Ayoade), a group of neighbors who form a suburban neighborhood watch group. <P2-S3>  When they uncover an alien plot threatening the world, they are forced into action. <SEP> <P3-S0> Seth Aaron Rogen ( ; born April 15, 1982) is an American-Canadian actor, comedian and filmmaker. <P3-S1>  He began his career performing stand-up comedy during his teenage years. <P3-S2>  While still living in his native Vancouver, he landed a supporting role in the series "Freaks and Geeks". <P3-S3>  Shortly after he moved to Portland, Oregon for his role, "Freaks and Geeks" was officially cancelled after one season due to low viewership. <P3-S4>  Rogen later got a part on sitcom "Undeclared", which also hired him as a staff writer.
Question: Carl Hausman (born July 17, 1953) is Professor of Journalism at which public research university in Glassboro, New Jersey, United States, with a satellite campus in Camden, New Jersey, and is the author of several books about media ethics, journalism, and media technology?

<P0-S0> The University of Toledo, commonly referred to as U of Toledo or UT, is a public research university located in Toledo, Ohio, United States. <P0-S1>  The university also operates a 450 acre Health Science campus, which includes the University of Toledo Medical Center, in the West Toledo neighborhood of Toledo; a 160 acre satellite campus in the Scott Park neighborhood of Toledo; the Center for the Visual Arts is located in downtown Toledo at the Toledo Museum of Art; and a research and education facility, known as the Lake Erie Center, is at the Maumee Bay State Park. <SEP> <P1-S0> Carl Hausman (born July 17, 1953) is Professor of Journalism at Rowan University and the author of several books about media ethics, journalism, and media technology. <SEP> <P2-S0> The New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT) is a public research university in the University Heights neighborhood of Newark, New Jersey. <P2-S1>  NJIT is New Jersey's Science & Technology University. <P2-S2>  Centrally located in the New York metropolitan area its campus is within walking distance of downtown Newark. <P2-S3>  New York City, 9 miles (14.5 km) and under 30 minutes away, is directly accessible from campus via rapid transit. <SEP> <P3-S0> Rowan University is a public research university in Glassboro, New Jersey, United States, with a satellite campus in Camden, New Jersey. <P3-S1>  The school was founded in 1923 as Glassboro Normal School on a twenty-five acre site donated by the town. <P3-S2>  The school became New Jersey State Teachers College at Glassboro in the 1930s, and Glassboro State College in 1958. <P3-S3>  Starting in the 1970s, it grew into a multi-purpose institution, adding programs in business, communications, and engineering.
Question: What film was Oscar Martinez in that was directed by Gaston Duprat and Mariano Cohn?

<P0-S0> Oscar Martínez (Buenos Aires, 23 October 1949) is an Argentine actor, author and theatre director. <P0-S1>  He received the Premio Konex de Platino in 1991 for his film work, and again in 2001 for his work as a theatre actor. <P0-S2>  He also received the Volpi Cup for Best Actor at the 73rd Venice Film Festival for his role in the comedy-drama "The Distinguished Citizen". <SEP> <P1-S0> The Distinguished Citizen (Spanish: El ciudadano ilustre ) is a 2016 Argentine-Spanish drama film directed by Gastón Duprat & Mariano Cohn. <P1-S1>  It was selected to compete for the Golden Lion at the 73rd Venice International Film Festival. <P1-S2>  At Venice Oscar Martínez won the Volpi Cup for Best Actor. <P1-S3>  It was selected as the Argentine entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 89th Academy Awards but it was not nominated. <P1-S4> . <P1-S5>  It won Best Ibero-American Film at the 4th Platino Awards. <SEP> <P2-S0> Supervivientes 2008: Perdidos en Honduras, was the fifth season of the show Supervivientes and the ninth season of Survivor to air in Spain and it was broadcast on Telecinco from January 17, 2008 to March 27, 2008. <P2-S1>  This season took place in Honduras. <P2-S2>  The show was presented by Jesús Vázquez,with Mario Picazo and Emma García acting as hosts of side programs. <P2-S3>  For this season the show temporarily returned to its original format by dividing the contestants into two tribes, white and black, which eventually merged. <P2-S4>  Due to a tropical disease and no symptoms of recovery, in week three of this season it was decided that Mario Picazo would leave his role as presenter to recover and was replaced by Oscar Martinez, during that time. <P2-S5>  Ultimately, it was Miriam Sánchez who won this season over Leo Segarra and Lely Céspedes, taking home €200,000 and a car. <SEP> <P3-S0> Gigi is a 1949 French comedy film directed by Jacqueline Audry and starring Gaby Morlay, Jean Tissier and Yvonne de Bray. <P3-S1>  A young lady (Daniélle Delorme) who is coming of age and being trained as a courtesan by her family, and realises she not only adores the debonair, close family friend Gaston, who has spoiled her with attention and care for most of her life (played beautifully by Franck Villard), but that she is in love with him. <P3-S2>  Gaston realises the same thing, and despite efforts of Gigi´s down-to-earth, doting Grandmother and charming, socialite Aunt to bring the couple together by the then socially accepted practice, it is the undeniable and compelling love between Gigi and Gaston that triumphs above all. <P3-S3>  Beautifully directed by Jacqueline Audry, who accentuates the brilliant humor of this piece without losing the utterly remarkable sensitivity of the young love that takes center stage. <P3-S4>  The film was based on the novella "Gigi" written by Colette.
Question: What was the nickname of the boxer defeated by Carlos Quintana in the 2008 WBO welterweight championship?

<P0-S0> Carlos Quintana (born November 6, 1976) is a retired Puerto Rican professional boxer. <P0-S1>  As an amateur Quintana represented Puerto Rico. <P0-S2>  He debuted as a professional in 1997. <P0-S3>  On February 24, 2006, he participated in his first professional championship fight, defeating Raul Bejerano for the World Boxing Organization's Latino welterweight championship. <P0-S4>  His first defense took place on June 24, 2006 when he defeated Joel Julio by unanimous decision in a welterweight title eliminator. <P0-S5>  In this fight he also won the World Boxing Council's Latino welterweight championship. <P0-S6>  His first world title fight took place on December 2, 2006, when he fought against Miguel Cotto for the World Boxing Association welterweight title. <P0-S7>  Cotto won the fight by technical knockout. <P0-S8>  On February 9, 2008, Quintana challenged Paul Williams for the WBO welterweight championship, winning the fight by unanimous decision. <P0-S9>  He entered the Light Middleweight division to face Deandre Latimore, knocking Latimore out to win the NABO Light Middleweight championship. <SEP> <P1-S0> Harry Lewis (Harry Besterman; September 16, 1886 – February 22, 1956), was an American boxer, generally credited with holding the Welterweight Championship of the World from April 1908 to March 1911. <P1-S1>  He defeated "Young Joseph", the reigning Welterweight Champion of England in London on June 27, 1910, but was not credited with the British Welterweight championship as the fight was sanctioned as a World, and not English title. <P1-S2>  Boxing writer Nat Fleischer rated Lewis the sixth greatest welterweight of all time. <P1-S3>  He was inducted into the International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame in 2002 and to the International Boxing Hall of Fame in 2008. <SEP> <P2-S0> Dave Palitz (January 1, 1891 – November 17, 1940) was a Welterweight boxer who competed for the Connecticut Welterweight Championship against Lou Bogash on April 26, 1920 at Casino Hall in Bridgeport, Connecticut. <P2-S1>  Though he lost the 12 round bout, Palitz was an exceptional boxer in his own right. <P2-S2>  He fought Jeff Doherty, Bunny Ford, Terry Mitchell, and Jack Britton. <P2-S3>  Doherty and Ford were regional lightweight champions while Mitchell was a boxer of such caliber that he once defeated 1906 World Welterweight Champion William "Honey" Melody. <P2-S4>  Britton held the World Welterweight championship for over four years during Palitz's career. <SEP> <P3-S0> Paul Williams (born July 27, 1981) is an American former professional boxer who competed from 2000 to 2012. <P3-S1>  He won the WBO welterweight title twice, in 2007 and 2008; the WBO interim junior middleweight title in 2008; and challenged for the unified middleweight title in 2010. <P3-S2>  Nicknamed "The Punisher", and standing at a height of 6 foot 1 inches, Williams was unusually tall for the three divisions in which he competed. <P3-S3>  His career was cut short in 2012 after a motorcycle accident left him paralyzed from the waist down.
Question: During what period did the mountain range in which Isoetes valida is primarily found first form?

<P0-S0> The Appalachian Mountains ( , French: "les Appalaches" ), often called the Appalachians, are a system of mountains in eastern North America. <P0-S1>  The Appalachians first formed roughly 480 million years ago during the Ordovician Period. <P0-S2>  It once reached elevations similar to those of the Alps and the Rocky Mountains before naturally occurring erosion. <P0-S3>  The Appalachian chain is a barrier to east-west travel, as it forms a series of alternating ridgelines and valleys oriented in opposition to most roads running east or west. <SEP> <P1-S0> Isoetes valida, commonly known as the strong quillwort or true quillwort, is an aquatic pteridophyte native to eastern North America. <P1-S1>  It is found primarily in the Appalachian Mountains from Pennsylvania south to Alabama and Georgia. <P1-S2>  In addition, one collection of the plant was made in a railway ditch in Wilmington, Delaware in the 1860s, but this was most likely an accidental introduction. <SEP> <P2-S0> Zorite is a silicate mineral with the chemical formula of NaTi(Si,Al)O·nHO. <P2-S1>  It is named because of its pink color, after the Russian word "zoria" which refers to the rosy hue of the sky at dawn. <P2-S2>  It is primarily found in Mount Karnasurta, Lovozero Massif, Kola Peninsula, Russia. <P2-S3>  The Lovozero Massif is an area with an igneous mountain range, home to various types of minerals such as eudialyte, loparite, and natrosilitite. <SEP> <P3-S0> Mingli Sar is a mountain located in the Shimshal valley in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. <P3-S1>  The mountain, located in the Karakoram mountain range, is 6050 meters high and located at the southernmost part of the Pamir mountain range. <P3-S2>  It was first climbed in 1988 by the famous Pakistani climber Nazir Sabir. <P3-S3>  Shimshal lake sits at the base of the mountain. <P3-S4>  China is located to the north, while to the left is the Hindukush mountain range. <P3-S5>  K2 is located on the south eastern side of the valley.
Question: Which king was never crowned and was the grandfather of Richard Woodville?

<P0-S0> Catherine Woodville (or Wydeville; c. 1458 – 18 May 1497) was an English medieval noblewoman. <P0-S1>  She was the sister-in-law of King Edward IV of England and gave birth to several illustrious children. <P0-S2>  Catherine was the daughter of Richard Woodville, 1st Earl Rivers, and Jacquetta of Luxembourg. <P0-S3>  When her sister Elizabeth married King Edward IV, the King elevated and promoted many members of the Woodville family. <P0-S4>  Elizabeth Woodville's household records for 1466/67 indicate that Catherine was being raised in the queen's household. <SEP> <P1-S0> Edward V (2 November 1470 – ) was King of England from his father Edward IV's death on 9 April 1483 until 26 June of the same year. <P1-S1>  He was never crowned, and his 78-day reign was dominated by the influence of his uncle and Lord Protector, Richard, Duke of Gloucester, who succeeded him as Richard III on 26 June 1483; this was confirmed by the Act entitled Titulus Regius, which denounced any further claims through his father's heirs. <SEP> <P2-S0> Adolf (c. 1255 – 2 July 1298) was Count of Nassau from about 1276 and elected King of Germany (King of the Romans) from 1292 until his deposition by the prince-electors in 1298. <P2-S1>  He was never crowned by the Pope, which would have secured him the title of Holy Roman Emperor. <P2-S2>  He was the first physically and mentally healthy ruler of the Holy Roman Empire ever to be deposed without a papal excommunication. <P2-S3>  Adolf died shortly afterwards in the Battle of Göllheim fighting against his successor Albert of Habsburg. <SEP> <P3-S0> Richard Woodville (or Wydeville), 1st Earl Rivers (1405 – 12 August 1469) was an English nobleman, best remembered as the father of Queen consort Elizabeth Woodville and the maternal grandfather of Edward V and the maternal great-grandfather of Henry VIII.
Question: what kind of business was Elmer Lucille Allen the first African-American Chemist at?

<P0-S0> Antoinette Rodez Schiesler (December 13, 1934 – April 8, 1996) was an African-American chemist and Director of Research at Villanova University. <P0-S1>  She was also a former Roman Catholic nun and Episcopal priest. <SEP> <P1-S0> Alma Levant Hayden (March 30, 1927 – August 2, 1967) was an American chemist, and one of the first African-American women to gain a scientist position at a science agency in Washington, D.C. <P1-S1>  She joined the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in the 1950s. <P1-S2>  Hayden graduated from Howard University with a master's degree in chemistry, and became an expert in spectrophotometry, the measurement of how substances absorb light. <P1-S3>  She published work on infrared and other techniques for analyzing chemicals in a range of journals. <P1-S4>  Hayden was appointed Chief of the Spectrophotometer Research Branch in the Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry at the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1963, and may have been the first African-American scientist at the FDA. <P1-S5>  Hayden came to national attention in 1963 when she led the team that exposed the common substance in Krebiozen, a long-controversial alternative and expensive drug promoted as anti-cancer. <P1-S6>  Hayden was married to fellow research chemist Alonzo Hayden, and had two children. <P1-S7>  She died in 1967. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Brown-Forman Corporation is one of the largest American-owned companies in the spirits and wine business. <P2-S1>  Based in Louisville, Kentucky, it manufactures several well known brands throughout the world, including Jack Daniel's, Early Times, Old Forester, Woodford Reserve, Canadian Mist, GlenDronach, BenRiach, Glenglassaugh, Finlandia, Herradura, Korbel, and Chambord. <P2-S2>  Brown-Forman formerly owned Southern Comfort and Tuaca before selling them off in 2016. <SEP> <P3-S0> Elmer Lucille Allen (born in Louisville, Kentucky, 1931) is a ceramic artist and chemist who graduated from Nazareth College (now Spalding University) in 1953. <P3-S1>  She became the first African-American chemist at Brown-Forman in 1966.
Question: Are both  Xingyi, Guizhou and Gaizhou in the same chinese province ?

<P0-S0> Guizhou Hengfeng Zhicheng F.C. (; ] ) is a professional Chinese football club that currently participates in the Chinese Super League division under licence from the Chinese Football Association (CFA). <P0-S1>  The team is based in Guiyang, Guizhou and their home stadium is the 51,636-seat Guiyang Olympic Sports Center. <P0-S2>  Their current majority shareholders are Guizhou Hengfeng Albert Real Estate Development Co., Ltd., Guizhou Zhicheng Enterprise Group Investment Co., Ltd. and the Guizhou Provincial Sports Bureau. <SEP> <P1-S0> Guanxing Highway (Simplified Chinese:关兴高速公路, Traditional Chinese:關興高速公路) connects Guanling County and the city of Xingyi, both within Guizhou Province of China. <SEP> <P2-S0> Gaizhou (), formerly Gaixian and Gaiping, is a county-level city in Liaoning province, southwest China. <P2-S1>  It is under the administration of Yingkou City, which lies 31 km to the north-northwest, and is located at the northwest end of the Liaodong Peninsula near the northeast coast of the Bohai Sea. <SEP> <P3-S0> Xingyi () is a county-level city in the Qianxinan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Guizhou Province in southern China.
Question: The author of "The Origins of Totalitarianism" was born in what country?

<P0-S0> Johanna "Hannah" Arendt ( or ; ] ; 14 October 1906 – 4 December 1975) was a German-born American political theorist. <P0-S1>  Her 18 books and numerous articles, ranging from works on totalitarianism to thinking and judging, greatly influence political philosophy to this day. <P0-S2>  Arendt is widely considered one of the most important thinkers of the twentieth century. <SEP> <P1-S0> Resistance, Rebellion, and Death is a 1960 collection of essays written by Albert Camus and selected by the author prior to his death. <P1-S1>  The essays here generally involve conflicts near the Mediterranean, with an emphasis on his home country Algeria, and on the Algerian War of Independence in particular. <P1-S2>  He also criticizes capital punishment ("Reflections on the Guillotine") and totalitarianism in particular. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Origins of Totalitarianism (German: "Elemente und Ursprünge totaler Herrschaft" , "Elements and Origins of Totalitarian Rule"; 1951), by Hannah Arendt, describes and analyzes Nazism and Stalinism, the major totalitarian political movements of the first half of the 20th century. <P2-S1>  The book is regularly listed as one of the best non-fiction books of the 20th century. <SEP> <P3-S0> David Sutton (born 1966) is the current editor of the "Fortean Times" magazine. <P3-S1>  Sutton was born in Canterbury, Kent. <P3-S2>  He was educated at the University of East Anglia, University College London, Birkbeck College and the British Film Institute. <P3-S3>  He holds a doctorate, earned for his thesis on the origins and progress of British film comedy, and is the author of the book "A Chorus of Raspberries: British Film Comedy, 1929-1939".
Question: What type of animal does Chien Français Tricolore and English Mastiff have in common?

<P0-S0> The Chien Français Blanc et Noir (FCI No.220) translated into English as the French White and Black Hound, is a breed of dog of the scenthound type, originating in France. <P0-S1>  The breed is used for hunting in packs and descends from the old Hound of Saintonge type of large hunting dog. <SEP> <P1-S0> The Chien Français Blanc et Orange (FCI No.316) is a breed of dog of the scenthound type, originating in France. <P1-S1>  The breed is used for hunting in packs and descends from the old Hound of Saintonge type of large hunting dog. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Chien Français Tricolore (FCI No.219) translated into English as the French Tricolour Hound, is a breed of dog of the scenthound type, originating in France. <P2-S1>  The breed is used for hunting in packs. <SEP> <P3-S0> The English Mastiff is a breed of extremely large dog (often known simply as the Mastiff) perhaps descended from the ancient Alaunt and Pugnaces Britanniae, with a significant input from the Alpine Mastiff in the 19th century. <P3-S1>  Distinguishable by enormous size, massive head, and a limited range of colours, but always displaying a black mask, the Mastiff is noted for its gentle and loving nature. <P3-S2>  The lineage of modern dogs can be traced back to the early 19th century, but the modern type was stabilised in the 1880s and refined since. <P3-S3>  Following a period of sharp decline, the Mastiff has increased its worldwide popularity. <P3-S4>  Throughout its history, the Mastiff has contributed to the development of a number of dog breeds, some generally known as Mastiff-type dogs, or, confusingly, just as "Mastiffs".
Question: Cry, Onion, a film directed by Enzo Castellari, comes from a subgenre of films that emerged from what time period?

<P0-S0> The Inglorious Bastards (Italian: "Quel maledetto treno blindato" , literally: "That damned armored train") is a 1978 Italian action/war film directed by Enzo G. Castellari, written by Sandro Continenza, Sergio Grieco, Franco Marotta, Romano Migliorini, and Laura Toscano, and starring Bo Svenson, Peter Hooten, Fred Williamson, Michael Pergolani, and Jackie Basehart. <P0-S1>  The film score was written by Francesco De Masi. <P0-S2>  The film—which concerns a group of prisoners who are drafted into a special war mission in 1944—is a loose remake of the 1967 American film, "The Dirty Dozen". <SEP> <P1-S0> Keoma is a 1976 Italian Spaghetti Western film directed by Enzo G. Castellari and starring Franco Nero. <P1-S1>  It is frequently regarded as one of the better 'twilight' Spaghetti Westerns, being one of the last films of its genre, and is known for its incorporation of newer cinematic techniques of the time (such as slow motion and close/medium panning shots) and its vocal soundtrack by Guido & Maurizio De Angelis. <SEP> <P2-S0> Cry, Onion! <P2-S1>  (Italian: "Cipolla Colt" , lit. <P2-S2>  "Onion Colt", also known as "The Smell of Onion") is a 1975 Spaghetti Western comedy film directed by Enzo G. Castellari. <P2-S3>  It is openly comedic and parodic. <SEP> <P3-S0> Spaghetti Western, also known as Italian Western or Macaroni Western (primarily in Japan), is a broad subgenre of Western films that emerged in the mid-1960s in the wake of Sergio Leone's film-making style and international box-office success. <P3-S1>  The term was used by American critics and other countries because most of these Westerns were produced and directed by Italians.
Question: Kim Joo-Hyuk starred in what film, based on the novel by Park Hyun-wook?

<P0-S0> Kim Joo-hyuk (; October 3, 1972) is a South Korean actor. <P0-S1>  He is known for his leading roles in the films "My Wife Got Married" (2008) and "The Servant" (2010) as well as the television series "God of War" (2012) and "Hur Jun, The Original Story" (2013). <SEP> <P1-S0> Singles is a 2003 South Korean romantic comedy film starring Jang Jin-young, Uhm Jung-hwa, Lee Beom-soo, and Kim Joo-hyuk. <P1-S1>  It is based on the novel "Christmas at Twenty-nine" by Japanese writer Kamato Toshio. <P1-S2>  The film was one of the highest grossing Korean films of all time earning 2,203,164 admissions nationwide. <SEP> <P2-S0> My Wife Got Married () is a 2008 South Korean film. <P2-S1>  Directed by Jeong Yoon-soo and starring Kim Joo-hyuk and Son Ye-jin in the lead roles, the film is adapted from a bestselling novel of the same name by Park Hyun-wook. <SEP> <P3-S0> Thread of Lies (; lit. <P3-S1>  Elegant Lies) is a 2014 South Korean film based on the 2009 bestselling novel "Elegant Lies" by Kim Ryeo-ryeong. <P3-S2>  Directed by Lee Han, it starred Kim Hee-ae (in her first film in 21 years), Go Ah-sung, Kim Hyang-gi and Kim Yoo-jung.
Question: Holger Sinding-Larsen was most associated with his work at a fortressed used as what?

<P0-S0> A positive pressure enclosure, also known as welding habitats or hot work habitats, is a chamber used to provide a safe work environment for performing hot work in the presence of explosive gases or vapours. <P0-S1>  They are used most often in conjunction with the need for welding, and are often associated with the offshore oil industry. <SEP> <P1-S0> Akershus Fortress (Norwegian: "Akershus Festning" ) or Akershus Castle (Norwegian: "Akershus slott" ) is a medieval castle that was built to protect Oslo, the capital of Norway. <P1-S1>  It has also been used as a palace and as a prison. <SEP> <P2-S0> Petter Andreas Holger Sinding-Larsen (5 July 1869 – 12 December 1938) was a Norwegian architect. <P2-S1>  He is most associated with his work at Akershus Fortress, where he was a member of the restoration committee and architect from 1905-1922. <SEP> <P3-S0> Elizabeth Campbell along with her husband William (Bill) Campbell first proposed that artifacts found along the shores of Lake Mojave and other Pleistocene lakes and rivers of the desert West were contemporaneous with the presence of water. <P3-S1>  Furthermore their investigations showed that there were virtually no sites that were not associated with archaic water sources. <P3-S2>  They hypothesized that the geologic features associated with the artifacts could be used to date the period of human habitation. <P3-S3>  This is the first use of what has become known as environmental archaeology. <P3-S4>  Their work proposed a much earlier date for the presence of man in the desert Southwest than was generally accepted.
Question: Which animated show is written by Tom Kauffman  and premiered on July 26 2015 on Adult Swim?

<P0-S0> "Childrens Hospital", a situation comedy television and web series created by Rob Corddry, which premiered its first season online on TheWB.com on December 8, 2008. <P0-S1>  On July 11, 2010, Adult Swim began airing the web episodes in groups of two. <P0-S2>  Season two began on Adult Swim on August 22, 2010. <P0-S3>  Season three began on June 2, 2011. <P0-S4>  Season four began on August 10, 2012. <P0-S5>  Season five began on July 26, 2013, season six on March 21, 2015 and the seventh and final season on January 22, 2016. <SEP> <P1-S0> "Rixty Minutes" is the eighth episode of the first season of "Rick and Morty". <P1-S1>  It premiered on Adult Swim on March 17, 2014. <P1-S2>  The episode was written by Tom Kauffman and Justin Roiland, and directed by Bryan Newton. <P1-S3>  In the episode, Rick and Morty watch cable from other dimensions, while Jerry, Beth, and Summer watch alternate reality versions of themselves using a pair of interdimensional goggles. <P1-S4>  The episode was well received and watched by about 1.48 million viewers in the United States. <SEP> <P2-S0> "The Wedding Squanchers" is the tenth and final episode of the second season of the American animated television sitcom "Rick and Morty", and the 21st overall episode of the series. <P2-S1>  Written by Tom Kauffman and directed by Wes Archer, the episode first aired on Adult Swim in the United States on October 4, 2015. <SEP> <P3-S0> The second season of the animated television series "Rick and Morty" originally aired in the United States on Cartoon Network's late night programming block, Adult Swim, which premiered on July 26, 2015 with "A Rickle in Time", and concluded on October 4 with "The Wedding Squanchers". <P3-S1>  This season aired a total of ten episodes.
Question: Giovanni Santi was the father of which Italian architect of the High Renaissance?

<P0-S0> Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino (] ; March 28 or April 6, 1483April 6, 1520), known as Raphael ( , ), was an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance. <P0-S1>  His work is admired for its clarity of form, ease of composition, and visual achievement of the Neoplatonic ideal of human grandeur. <P0-S2>  Together with Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci, he forms the traditional trinity of great masters of that period. <SEP> <P1-S0> Giovanni Santi (c. 1435 – 1 August 1494) was an Italian painter, decorator, and the father of Raphael. <P1-S1>  He was born at Colbordolo in the Duchy of Urbino. <P1-S2>  He was a petty merchant for a time; he then studied under Piero della Francesca. <P1-S3>  He was influenced by Fiorenzo di Lorenzo, and seems to have been an assistant and friend of Melozzo da Forlì. <P1-S4>  He was court painter to the Duke of Urbino and painted several altarpieces, two now in the Berlin Museum, a Madonna in the church of San Francesco in Urbino, one at the church of Santa Croce in Fano, one in the National Gallery at London, and another in the gallery at Urbino; an Annunciation at the Brera in Milan; a resurrected Christ in the Museum of Fine Arts, Budapest; and a Jerome in the Lateran. <P1-S5>  He died in Urbino. <SEP> <P2-S0> Purism is an initial phase of Renaissance architecture in Spain, which took place between 1530 and 1560, after to Isabelline Gothic and prior to the Herrerian architecture in the last third of the 16th century. <P2-S1>  The name "Prince Philip" refers to the period in which Philip II of Spain (born in 1527) had not yet received the inheritance of the Spanish Monarchy by abdication of his father the Emperor Charles V (1556). <P2-S2>  The name "Serlian" is due to the influential architect and treatise Sebastiano Serlio (in addition to the architectural element called "Serlian" in his honor). <P2-S3>  The Greco-Roman, the purist and the casticist are relate to the interpretation given to different elements of style, whether intellectual, formal, structural or decorative. <P2-S4>  Until then, writers of the period termed the classicist forms of the Italian Renaissance as the "roman" (Diego de Sagredo "Las Medidas del Romano", 1526), while the late-Gothic forms were called "the modern". <P2-S5>  For a more stylistic periodization more common in the art history, at that point of the 16th century the "Cinquecento" had entered in its Mannerist phase, while for the Spanish art is commonly used the expression High Renaissance (reserving the term Low Renaissance for the last third of the century). <SEP> <P3-S0> The Martinengo Altarpiece is a painting by the Italian High Renaissance painter Lorenzo Lotto, finished in 1516. <P3-S1>  It is housed in the church of Santi Bartolomeo e Stefano in Bergamo in northern Italy.
Question: What NFL team currently employs a former Houston Texans head coach that succeeded Don Capers?

<P0-S0> The Houston Texans season was the franchise's 12th season in the National Football League. <P0-S1>  The Texans failed to improve upon their 12–4 record from 2012, suffering through a season-ending 14-game losing streak following a 2–0 start and missing the playoffs for the first time since 2010. <P0-S2>  Head coach Gary Kubiak was fired after eight seasons following their eleventh loss (Week 14 vs. the Jacksonville Jaguars). <P0-S3>  Defensive coordinator Wade Phillips was named the interim head coach for the final three games of the season. <P0-S4>  Their 14-game losing streak is the worst in team history. <P0-S5>  Coming off a franchise-best 12–4 record just the year before, the Texans tie a league record with the Houston Oilers (who, coincidentally, also went 12–4 in 1993 and 2–14 in 1994) for the biggest season-to-season decline in win total. <P0-S6>  On January 3, 2014, claiming that "I'm ready to kick 2013 the hell out the door", Texans owner Robert McNair announced that former Penn State head coach Bill O'Brien would be the Texans' third head coach. <SEP> <P1-S0> Gary Wayne Kubiak (born August 15, 1961) is an American football executive who is the senior personnel advisor for the Denver Broncos of the National Football League (NFL). <SEP> <P2-S0> The 2005 Houston Texans season was the fourth season in franchise history. <P2-S1>  The Texans completed the season with the worst record in franchise history (a record that would later be matched in 2013). <P2-S2>  This led to the Texans obtaining the first selection in the NFL Draft for the second time since the franchise formed in 2002. <P2-S3>  The team fired head coach Dom Capers after the season; he was replaced by Denver Broncos offensive coordinator Gary Kubiak. <SEP> <P3-S0> Ernest Dominic Capers (born August 7, 1950) is an American football coach and the current defensive coordinator for the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League (NFL). <P3-S1>  Capers served as the head coach for the NFL's Carolina Panthers from 1995 to 1998 and for the Houston Texans from 2002 to 2005. <P3-S2>  He is the only person to serve two different NFL expansion teams as their inaugural head coach.
Question: When was Taneleer Tivan introduced as and Elder?

<P0-S0> Spituk Monastery, also better as Spituk Gompa or Pethup Gompa, is a Buddhist monastery in Leh district, Ladakh, northern India. <P0-S1>  8 kilometres from Leh. <P0-S2>  The site of Spituk was blessed by the Arhat Nyimagung. <P0-S3>  It was founded by Od-de, the elder brother of Lha Lama Changchub Od when he came to Maryul in the 11th Century. <P0-S4>  He introduced the monastic community. <P0-S5>  When Lotsewa Rinchen Zangpo (Translator) came to that place he said that an exemplary religious community would arise there and so the monastery was called spituk (exemplary). <P0-S6>  During the time of Dharma raja Gragspa Bum-Ide the monastery was restored by Lama Lhawang Lodos and the stainless order of Tsonkhapa was introduced and it has remained intact as such till present. <P0-S7>  Founded as a Red Hat institution, the monastery was taken over by the Yellow Hat sect in the 15th century. <SEP> <P1-S0> The Elders of the Universe are a fictional group of supervillains appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. <P1-S1>  The Collector was the first Elder to appear, and featured in "Avengers" #28 (May 1966), but the idea that he was a member of a group known as the Elders was not introduced until "Avengers" #174 (August 1978). <P1-S2>  The character was created by Roy Thomas and Sal Buscema. <SEP> <P2-S0> Luis Lopez-Fitzgerald is a fictional character on the NBC/DirecTV soap opera "Passions", portrayed from 1999 to 2008 by original cast member Galen Gering. <P2-S1>  Debuting in the series' premiere episode, Luis is introduced as an honest, hard-working Irish-Mexican police officer who bitterly blames the wealthy Crane family for his father and elder brother's disappearances. <P2-S2>  Luis is forced to re-examine his prejudice against the Cranes, however, when he falls in love with the beautiful but willful Sheridan Crane. <SEP> <P3-S0> The Collector (Taneleer Tivan) is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. <P3-S1>  Debuting in the Silver Age of Comic Books, the character has been featured in nearly five decades of Marvel continuity.