Question: Do director of film Merry-Go-Round (1981 film) and director of film Exodus (1960 film) have the same nationality?

Exodus is a 1960 American epic film on the founding of the modern State of Israel. It was made by Alpha and Carlyle Productions and distributed by United Artists. The screenplay was written by Dalton Trumbo. Produced and directed by Otto Preminger, the film was based on the 1958 novel" Exodus" by Leon Uris. The film features an ensemble cast, and its celebrated soundtrack music was written by Ernest Gold. Often characterized as a" Zionist epic", the film has been identified by many commentators as having been enormously influential in stimulating Zionism and support for Israel in the United States. While Preminger's film softened the anti-British and anti-Arab sentiment of the novel, the film remains contentious for its depiction of the Arab – Israeli conflict. Preminger openly hired screenwriter Dalton Trumbo, who had been on the Hollywood blacklist for over a decade for being a communist and forced to work under assumed names. Together with" Spartacus", also written by Trumbo," Exodus" is credited with ending the practice of Blacklisting in the motion picture industry. <SEP> The film is a crime drama revolving around a kidnapping plot. Elizabeth( Danièle Gégauff) sends telegrams to her old boyfriend Ben( Dallesandro) in New York City and to her younger sister Léo( Schneider) in Rome to join her in Paris, where she is selling her dead father's estate. The scenario was written by Rivette in collaboration with Eduardo de Gregorio and Suzanne Schiffman, with dialogue by de Gregorio. Merry- Go-Round is a 1981 film by Jacques Rivette, starring Maria Schneider and Joe Dallesandro. Distributed by Roissy Films. <SEP> Rachel Feldman( born August 22, 1954) is an American director of film and television and screenwriter of television films. <SEP> He made twenty- nine films, including" L'amour fou"( 1969)," Out 1"( 1971)," Celine and Julie Go Boating"( 1974), and" La Belle Noiseuse"( 1991). His work is noted for its improvisation, loose narratives, and lengthy running times. Inspired by Jean Cocteau to become a filmmaker, Rivette shot his first short film at age twenty. He moved to Paris to pursue his career, frequenting Henri Langlois' Cinémathèque Française and other ciné-clubs; there, he met François Truffaut, Jean- Luc Godard, Éric Rohmer, Claude Chabrol and other future members of the New Wave. Rivette began writing film criticism, and was hired by André Bazin for" Cahiers du Cinéma" in 1953. In his criticism, he expressed an admiration for American films – especially those of genre directors such as John Ford, Alfred Hitchcock and Nicholas Ray – and was deeply critical of mainstream French cinema. Rivette's articles, admired by his peers, were considered the magazine's best and most aggressive writings, particularly his 1961 article" On Abjection" and his influential series of interviews with film directors co-written with Truffaut. He continued making short films, including" Le Coup de Berger", which is often cited as the first New Wave film. Truffaut later credited Rivette with developing the movement. Although he was the first New Wave director to begin work on a feature film," Paris Belongs to Us" was not released until 1961, by which time Chabrol, Truffaut and Godard released their own first features and popularised the movement worldwide. Rivette became editor of" Cahiers du Cinéma" during the early 1960s and publicly fought French censorship of his second feature film," The Nun"( 1966). Jacques Rivette( 1 March 1928 – 29 January 2016) was a French film director and film critic most commonly associated with the French New Wave and the film magazine" Cahiers du Cinéma". He then re-evaluated his career, developing a unique cinematic style with" L'amour fou". Influenced by the political turmoil of May 68, improvisational theatre and an in- depth interview with filmmaker Jean Renoir, Rivette began working with large groups of actors on character development and allowing events to unfold on camera. This technique led to the thirteen- hour" Out 1" which, although rarely screened, is considered a Holy Grail of cinephiles. His films of the 1970s, such as" Celine and Julie Go Boating", often incorporated fantasy and were better- regarded. After attempting to make four consecutive films, however, Rivette had a nervous breakdown and his career slowed for several years. During the early 1980s, he began a business partnership with producer Martine Marignac, who produced all his subsequent films. Rivette's output increased from then on, and his film" La Belle Noiseuse" received international praise. He retired after completing" Around a Small Mountain"( 2009), and it was revealed three years later that he had Alzheimer's disease. Very private about his personal life, Rivette was briefly married to photographer and screenwriter Marilù Parolini during the early 1960s and later married Véronique Manniez. <SEP> Brian Johnson( born 1939 or 1940) is a British designer and director of film and television special effects. <SEP> He directed more than 35 feature films in a five- decade career after leaving the theatre. He first gained attention for film noir mysteries such as" Laura"( 1944) and" Fallen Angel"( 1945), while in the 1950s and 1960s, he directed a number of high- profile adaptations of popular novels and stage works. Several of these later films pushed the boundaries of censorship by dealing with topics which were then taboo in Hollywood, such as drug addiction(" The Man with the Golden Arm", 1955), rape(" Anatomy of a Murder", 1959) and homosexuality(" Advise& Consent", 1962). He was twice nominated for the Academy Award for Best Director. Otto Ludwig Preminger( 5 December 1905 – 23 April 1986) was an American theatre and film director, originally from Austria- Hungary. He also had a few acting roles.