Question: When did the country that joined an alliance with Syria, Saudi Arabia, and the nation where Marawan died, gain its independence?

saudi arabia, officially the kingdom of saudi arabia, is a sovereign state in western asia constituting the bulk of the arabian peninsula. with a land area of approximately , saudi arabia is geographically the largest sovereign state in the middle east, the second-largest in the arab world (after algeria), the fifth-largest in asia, and the 12th-largest in the world. saudi arabia is bordered by jordan and iraq to the north, kuwait to the northeast, qatar, bahrain, and the united arab emirates to the east, oman to the southeast and yemen to the south; it is separated from israel and egypt by the gulf of aqaba. it is the only nation with both a red sea coast and a persian gulf coast, and most of its terrain consists of arid desert, lowland and mountains. as of october 2018, the saudi economy was the largest in the middle east and the 18th largest in the world. saudi arabia also has one of the world's youngest populations; 50 percent of its 33.4 million people are under 25 years old. <SEP> In January 1957, the US adopted the Eisenhower Doctrine and pledged to prevent the spread of communism and its perceived agents in the Middle East. Although Nasser was an opponent of communism in the region, his promotion of pan-Arabism was viewed as a threat by pro-Western states in the region. Eisenhower tried to isolate Nasser and reduce his regional influence by attempting to transform King Saud into a counterweight. Also in January, the elected Jordanian prime minister and Nasser supporter Sulayman al-Nabulsi brought Jordan into a military pact with Egypt, Syria, and Saudi Arabia. <SEP> As a developing constitutional monarchy, Jordan has survived the trials and tribulations of Middle Eastern politics. The 1952 Constitution provided for citizens of Jordan to form and join political parties. Such rights were suspended in 1967 when a state of emergency was declared and martial law and suspension of Parliament, continuing until it was repealed in 1989. The Jordanian public has experienced limited democracy since gaining independence in 1946 however the population has not suffered as others have under dictatorships imposed by some Arab regimes. <SEP> Around 746, Abu Muslim assumed leadership of the Hashimiyya in Khurasan. In 747, he successfully initiated an open revolt against Umayyad rule, which was carried out under the sign of the black flag. He soon established control of Khurasan, expelling its Umayyad governor, Nasr ibn Sayyar, and dispatched an army westwards. Kufa fell to the Hashimiyya in 749, the last Umayyad stronghold in Iraq, Wasit, was placed under siege, and in November of the same year Abu al-Abbas was recognized as the new caliph in the mosque at Kufa. [citation needed] At this point Marwan mobilized his troops from Harran and advanced toward Iraq. Damascus fell to the Abbasids in April, and in August, Marwan was killed in Egypt. In January 750 the two forces met in the Battle of the Zab, and the Umayyads were defeated. <SEP> the war is also known under other names, such as the persian gulf war, first gulf war, gulf war i, kuwait war, first iraq war or iraq war, before the term ``iraq war ''became identified instead with the 2003 iraq war (also referred to in the us as`` operation iraqi freedom''). the iraqi army's occupation of kuwait that began 2 august 1990 was met with international condemnation and brought immediate economic sanctions against iraq by members of the un security council. us president george h.w. bush deployed us forces into saudi arabia, and urged other countries to send their own forces to the scene. an array of nations joined the coalition, the largest military alliance since world war ii. the great majority of the coalition's military forces were from the us, with saudi arabia, the united kingdom and egypt as leading contributors, in that order. kuwait and saudi arabia paid around us $32 billion of the us $60 billion cost.