Question: What was the name of the essay written in 1919 by a German sociologist, philosopher, jurist, and political economist claiming that the state is the "only human Gemeinschaft which lays claim to the monopoly on the legitimated use of physical force>?

Maximilian Karl Emil "Max" Weber (] ; 21 April 1864 – 14 June 1920) was a German sociologist, philosopher, jurist, and political economist.  His ideas profoundly influenced social theory and social research.  Weber is often cited, with Émile Durkheim and Karl Marx, as among the three founders of sociology.  Weber was a key proponent of methodological antipositivism, arguing for the study of social action through interpretive (rather than purely empiricist) means, based on understanding the purpose and meaning that individuals attach to their own actions.  Unlike Durkheim, he did not believe in monocausality and rather proposed that for any outcome there can be multiple causes. <SEP>  As the defining conception of the state, it was first described in sociology by Max Weber in his essay "Politics as a Vocation" (1919). The monopoly of the legitimate use of physical force, also known as the monopoly on violence (German: "Gewaltmonopol des Staates" ), is a core concept of modern public law, which goes back to Jean Bodin's 1576 work "Les Six livres de la République" and Thomas Hobbes' 1651 book "Leviathan".  Weber claims that the state is the "only human Gemeinschaft which lays claim to the monopoly on the legitimated use of physical force.  However, this monopoly is limited to a certain geographical area, and in fact this limitation to a particular area is one of the things that defines a state."  In other words, Weber describes the state as any organization that succeeds in holding the exclusive right to use, threaten, or authorize physical force against residents of its territory.  Such a monopoly, according to Weber, must occur via a process of legitimation. <SEP> Hamlet and His Problems is an essay written by T.S. Eliot in 1919 that offers a critical reading of "Hamlet".  The essay first appeared in Eliot's "The Sacred Wood: Essays on Poetry and Criticism" in 1920.  It was later reprinted by Faber & Faber in 1932 in "Selected Essays, 1917-1932".  Eliot's critique gained attention partly due to his claim that "Hamlet" is "most certainly an artistic failure".  Eliot also popularised the concept of the objective correlative—a mechanism used to evoke emotion in an audience—in the essay.  The essay is also an example of Eliot's use of what became known as new criticism. <SEP> The Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances Act (FACE or the Access Act, Pub.  L. No. 103-259, 108 Stat.  694) (May 26, 1994, ) is a United States law that was signed by President Bill Clinton in May 1994, which prohibits the following three things: (1) the use of physical force, threat of physical force, or physical obstruction to intentionally injure, intimidate, interfere with or attempt to injure, intimidate or interfere with any person who is obtaining reproductive health services or providing reproductive health services (this portion of the law typically refers to abortion clinics), (2) the use of physical force, threat of physical force, or physical obstruction to intentionally injure, intimidate, interfere with or attempt to injure, intimidate or interfere with any person who is exercising or trying to exercise their First Amendment right of religious freedom at a place of religious worship, (3) the intentional damage or destruction of a reproductive health care facility or a place of worship.