Question: The harm principle, holds that the actions of individuals should only be limited to prevent harm to other individuals, who articulated this principle in which philosophical work, originally intended as a short essay?

Natural-rights libertarianism, also known as deontological libertarianism, philosophical libertarianism, deontological liberalism, rights-theorist libertarianism, natural rights-based libertarianism, or libertarian moralism, refers to the view that all individuals possess certain natural or moral rights, mainly a right of individual sovereignty, and that therefore acts of initiation of force and fraud are rights-violations and that is sufficient reason to oppose those acts.  This is one of the two ethical view points within right-libertarianism, the other being consequentialist libertarianism, which "only" takes into account the consequences of actions and rules when judging them, and holds that free markets and strong private property rights have good consequences.  Deontological libertarianism is based on the non-aggression principle, which states that no human being holds the right to "initiate" force or fraud against the person or property of another human being, under any circumstances.  Deontological libertarians consider this principle to be the basis of all morality, and therefore they believe that any violation of the principle is immoral, no matter what other arguments may be invoked to justify that violation. <SEP>  The work, published in 1859, applies Mill's ethical system of utilitarianism to society and the state.  Mill attempts to establish standards for the relationship between authority and liberty.  He emphasizes the importance of individuality, which he conceived as a prerequisite to the higher pleasures—the "summum bonum" of Utilitarianism. On Liberty is a philosophical work by the English philosopher John Stuart Mill, originally intended as a short essay.  Furthermore, Mill criticizes the errors of past attempts to defend individuality where, for example, democratic ideals resulted in the "tyranny of the majority".  Among the standards established in this work are Mill's three basic liberties of individuals, his three legitimate objections to government intervention, and his two maxims regarding the relationship of the individual to society. <SEP> Surrogatum is a thing put in the place of another or a substitute.  The Surrogatum Principle pertains to a Canadian income tax principle involving a person who suffers harm caused by another and may seek compensation for (a) loss of income, (b) expenses incurred, (c) property destroyed, or (d) personal injury, as well as punitive damages, under the surrogatum principle, the tax consequences of a damage or settlement payment depend on the tax treatment of the item for which the payment is intended to substitute. <SEP>  John Stuart Mill articulated this principle in "On Liberty", where he argued that, "The only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilized community, against his will, is to prevent harm to others." The harm principle holds that the actions of individuals should only be limited to prevent harm to other individuals.  An equivalent was earlier stated in France's "Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen" of 1789 as, "Liberty consists in the freedom to do everything which injures no one else; hence the exercise of the natural rights of each man has no limits except those which assure to the other members of the society the enjoyment of the same rights.  These limits can only be determined by law."