Question: When did the country where the individual who invited Chopin there, also gave him a loan in September 1849 for an apartment, abolish the authority of the Pope?

In June 1849 his sister Ludwika came to Paris with her husband and daughter, and in September, supported by a loan from Jane Stirling, he took an apartment at Place Vendôme 12. With his health further deteriorating, Chopin desired to have a family member with him. After 15 October, when his condition took a marked turn for the worse, only a handful of his closest friends remained with him, although Viardot remarked sardonically that "all the grand Parisian ladies considered it de rigueur to faint in his room." <SEP> chopin seldom performed publicly in paris. in later years he generally gave a single annual concert at the salle pleyel, a venue that seated three hundred. he played more frequently at salons, but preferred playing at his own paris apartment for small groups of friends. the musicologist arthur hedley has observed that "as a pianist chopin was unique in acquiring a reputation of the highest order on the basis of a minimum of public appearances—few more than thirty in the course of his lifetime." the list of musicians who took part in some of his concerts provides an indication of the richness of parisian artistic life during this period. examples include a concert on 23 march 1833, in which chopin, liszt and hiller performed (on pianos) a concerto by j.s. bach for three keyboards; and, on 3 march 1838, a concert in which chopin, his pupil adolphe gutmann, charles-valentin alkan, and alkan's teacher joseph zimmermann performed alkan's arrangement, for eight hands, of two movements from beethoven's 7th symphony. chopin was also involved in the composition of liszt's hexameron; he wrote the sixth (and final) variation on bellini's theme. chopin's music soon found success with publishers, and in 1833 he contracted with maurice schlesinger, who arranged for it to be published not only in france but, through his family connections, also in germany and england. <SEP> Still, in August 1560 the 'Reformation Parliament' abolished the jurisdiction of the Roman Catholic Church in Scotland with the Papal Jurisdiction Act. <SEP> She clearly had a notion of going beyond mere friendship, and Chopin was obliged to make it clear to her that this could not be so. He wrote at this time to Grzymała "My Scottish ladies are kind, but such bores", and responding to a rumour about his involvement, answered that he was "closer to the grave than the nuptial bed." He gave a public concert in Glasgow on 27 September, and another in Edinburgh, at the Hopetoun Rooms on Queen Street (now Erskine House) on 4 October. In late October 1848, while staying at 10 Warriston Crescent in Edinburgh with the Polish physician Adam Łyszczyński, he wrote out his last will and testament—"a kind of disposition to be made of my stuff in the future, if I should drop dead somewhere", he wrote to Grzymała. In late summer he was invited by Jane Stirling to visit Scotland, where he stayed at Calder House near Edinburgh and at Johnstone Castle in Renfrewshire, both owned by members of Stirling's family. <SEP> at the end of 1831, chopin received the first major endorsement from an outstanding contemporary when robert schumann, reviewing the op. 2 variations in the allgemeine musikalische zeitung (his first published article on music), declared: "hats off, gentlemen! a genius." on 26 february 1832 chopin gave a debut paris concert at the salle pleyel which drew universal admiration. the critic françois-joseph fétis wrote in the revue et gazette musicale: "here is a young man who ... taking no model, has found, if not a complete renewal of piano music, ... an abundance of original ideas of a kind to be found nowhere else ..." after this concert, chopin realized that his essentially intimate keyboard technique was not optimal for large concert spaces. later that year he was introduced to the wealthy rothschild banking family, whose patronage also opened doors for him to other private salons (social gatherings of the aristocracy and artistic and literary elite). by the end of 1832 chopin had established himself among the parisian musical elite, and had earned the respect of his peers such as hiller, liszt, and berlioz. he no longer depended financially upon his father, and in the winter of 1832 he began earning a handsome income from publishing his works and teaching piano to affluent students from all over europe. this freed him from the strains of public concert-giving, which he disliked.