winkelee/scaling-down huggingface dataset:
Question: What ingredient of Yumil-gwa, in a botanical context, implies that the shell is indehiscent?

In botany, a drupe (or stone fruit) is an indehiscent fruit in which an outer fleshy part (exocarp, or skin; and mesocarp, or flesh) surrounds a single shell (the pit, stone, or pyrene) of hardened endocarp with a seed (kernel) inside.  These fruits usually develop from a single carpel, and mostly from flowers with superior ovaries (polypyrenous drupes are exceptions).  The definitive characteristic of a drupe is that the hard, "lignified" stone (or pit) is derived from the ovary wall of the flower—in an aggregate fruit composed of small, individual drupes (such as a raspberry), each individual is termed a drupelet and may together form a botanic berry. <SEP> Sinecatechins (USAN, trade names Veregen and Polyphenon E) is a specific water extract of green tea leaves from "Camellia sinensis" that is the active ingredient in an ointment approved by the FDA in 2006 as a botanical drug to treat genital warts.  Sinecatechins are mostly catechins, 55% of which is epigallocatechin gallate.  It was the first botanical drug approved by the US FDA. <SEP>  In general usage, a wide variety of dried seeds are called nuts, but in a botanical context "nut" implies that the shell does not open to release the seed (indehiscent). A nut is a fruit composed of an inedible hard shell and a seed, which is generally edible.  The translation of "nut" in certain languages frequently requires paraphrases, as the word is ambiguous. <SEP>  Different varieties of "yumil-gwa" can be made by combining a wheat flour dough with various ingredients. Yumil-gwa (유밀과 ; 油蜜菓 ) is a variety of "hangwa" (a traditional Korean confection).  Ingredients that are typically added can include: honey, cooking oil, cinnamon powder, nuts, ginger juice, jujube, and "cheongju" (rice wine).
Question:  William Rankin "Will" Patton is an American actor who appeared in an American vigilante action film from what year?

Eli Raphael Roth (born April 18, 1972) is an American film director, producer, writer, and actor.  As a director and producer, he is most closely associated with the horror genre, first coming to prominence by directing the 2005 film "Hostel" and its 2007 sequel, "".  As an actor, his most prominent role was as Donny "The Bear Jew" Donowitz in Quentin Tarantino's war film "Inglourious Basterds" for which he won both a SAG Award (Best Ensemble) and a BFCA Critic's Choice Award (Best Acting Ensemble).  Journalists have included him in a group of filmmakers dubbed the Splat Pack for their explicitly violent and bloody horror films.  In 2013, Roth received the Visionary Award for his contributions to horror, at the Stanley Film Festival.  His most recent directorial effort was the 2015 erotic horror film "Knock Knock".  His next project is the vigilante action film "Death Wish", a remake of the 1974 original. <SEP> The Punisher is a 2004 American vigilante action film based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name, starring Thomas Jane as the antihero Frank Castle/The Punisher and John Travolta as Howard Saint, a money launderer who orders the death of Castle's entire family. <SEP>  He starred as Colonel Dan Weaver in the TNT science fiction series "Falling Skies". William Rankin "Will" Patton (June 14, 1954) is an American actor.  He also appeared in films such as "Remember the Titans", "Armageddon", "Gone in 60 Seconds" and "The Punisher".  He appeared opposite Kevin Costner in two films: "No Way Out" (1987) and "The Postman" (1997).  Patton’s father, Bill Patton, was a playwright and acting/directing instructor.  Patton has been in many films, starting in 1981.  He has done many television appearances as well, starting in 1982 and he has done a great deal of voice work with audio books.  He won two Obie Awards for best actor in Sam Shepard’s play "Fool for Love" and the Public Theater production of "What Did He See?" . <SEP> Death Wish is an upcoming American vigilante action film directed by Eli Roth, a remake of the 1974 film of the same name which starred Charles Bronson in the lead, based on the 1972 novel written by Brian Garfield.  The remake will star Bruce Willis as main character Paul Kersey, and is scheduled to be released on November 22, 2017, by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.
Question: Who produced the animated television series voiced by the fictional character in the "Star Wars" franchise?

 With its story beginning fourteen years after "" and five years before "Star Wars: Episode IV – A New Hope", "Rebels" takes place during an era when the Galactic Empire is securing its grip on the galaxy. Star Wars Rebels is an American 3D CGI animated television series produced by Lucasfilm Animation.  Imperial forces are hunting down the last of the Jedi Knights while a fledgling rebellion against the Empire is taking form.  The visual style of "Star Wars Rebels" is inspired by the original "Star Wars" trilogy concept art by Ralph McQuarrie. <SEP> Captain Rex, designation number CT-7567, is a fictional character in the "Star Wars" science fiction universe created by George Lucas and a main character of the animated "" 2008 film and the related .  He is a clone trooper of the Grand Army of the Republic, cloned from bounty hunter Jango Fett, and serves the Galactic Republic under the command of Jedi Anakin Skywalker and Ahsoka Tano.  Since his introduction in "The Clone Wars", he has also appeared in the 2014 "Star Wars Rebels" television series and in comics, novels, and video games of the "Star Wars Legends" expanded universe.  Like all clone troopers in "The Clone Wars" and "Rebels", Rex is voiced by Dee Bradley Baker. <SEP> Star Wars: Droids: The Adventures of R2-D2 and C-3PO (later released on DVD in 2004 as Star Wars Animated Adventures: Droids) is an animated television series which originally aired in 1985, that features the exploits of R2-D2 and C-3PO, the droids who have appeared in all eight live-action "Star Wars" films.  The series takes place between the events depicted in "" and "Star Wars: Episode IV – A New Hope". <SEP>  Saw was originally introduced in the animated series "", where he was voiced by Andrew Kishino.  He was subsequently played by Forest Whitaker in the anthology film "Rogue One: A Star Wars Story" as well as voiced by him in the animated series "Star Wars Rebels". Saw Gerrera is a fictional character in the "Star Wars" franchise.
Question: Who is the property owner of The Golden Nugget Las Vegas, which inspired a Nintendo DS game of the same name?

Jam with the Band, known in Japan as Daigasso!  Band Brothers DX (大合奏!バンドブラザーズDX , Daigassō!  Bando Burazāzu DX , lit.  "Grand Ensemble!  Band Brothers DX") , is a music video game developed and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo DS handheld game console.  It is the sequel to the Japan-exclusive "Daigasso!  Band Brothers", which was released at the DS' launch.  "Jam with the Band" was released in Japan in June 2008 and in Europe in May 2010.  It uses the largest save capacity for a Nintendo DS game at eight megabytes.  Its release was accompanied by a Wii Channel for the Wii console called the "Live Channel", known in Japan as the "Speaker Channel", that allows players to hear the game's sound through their television.  It features the character Barbara Bat, who was also in the predecessor. <SEP>  The game, named for the Las Vegas casino of the same name, is the first "Golden Nugget" themed game released for the DS. Golden Nugget Casino DS is a 2005 video game released by Majesco Entertainment for the Nintendo DS.  A prior game was released for the Game Boy Advance in 2004 (this Game Boy Advance game was later released again in 2005 as a 2 Games in 1 pack along with "Texas Hold Em Poker"), and another prior game was released for the Nintendo 64 (called "Golden Nugget 64") back in 1998. <SEP> Golden Nugget, Inc. (Formerly Poster Financial Group) is a Las Vegas, Nevada based private investment firm that was originally created by Timothy Poster and Thomas Breitling to acquire the Golden Nugget Las Vegas and the Golden Nugget Laughlin. <SEP>  The property is owned and operated by Landry's, Inc. The Golden Nugget Las Vegas is a luxury hotel and casino located in Las Vegas, Nevada on the Fremont Street Experience.
Question: Who composed the sound track The Painted Veil from the 2006 movie "The Painted Veil"?

Kshana Kshanam (English: "Moment to Moment") is a 1991 Telugu neo-noir road movie written and directed by Ram Gopal Varma.  The film Starred Venkatesh, Sridevi and Paresh Rawal in the lead roles.  The sound track and background score composed by M. M. Keeravani received rave reviews.  The Comedy thriller film is one of the highest rated Telugu films on the Internet Movie Database.  The narrative by Ram Gopal Varma, and the cinematography by S. Gopala Reddy, received positive reviews. <SEP> The Painted Veil is a 1925 novel by British author W. Somerset Maugham.  The title is taken from Percy Bysshe Shelley's sonnet, which begins "Lift not the painted veil which those who live / Call Life". <SEP>  The original score and songs were composed by Alexandre Desplat. The Painted Veil is the original soundtrack, on the Deutsche Grammophon label, of the 2006 Golden Globe-winning film "The Painted Veil" starring Naomi Watts and Edward Norton. <SEP> The Painted Veil is a 2006 American drama film directed by John Curran.  The screenplay by Ron Nyswaner is based on the 1925 novel of the same title by W. Somerset Maugham.  Edward Norton, Naomi Watts, Toby Jones, Anthony Wong Chau Sang and Liev Schreiber appear in the leading roles.
Question: The largest area of contiguous endorheic waterheds in North America is home to what common name of buckwheat?

 It spans sections of Wyoming, Idaho, Utah, Nevada, Oregon, California and the Mexican state of Baja California.  It is noted for both its arid climate and the basin and range topography that varies from the North American low point at Badwater Basin to the highest point of the contiguous United States, less than 100 mi away at the summit of Mount Whitney. The Great Basin is the largest area of contiguous endorheic watersheds in North America.  The region spans several physiographic divisions, biomes/ecoregions, and deserts. <SEP> The Great Basin is the largest region of contiguous endorheic drainage basins in North America, and is encompassed by the Great Basin Divide.  This is a list of the drainage basins in the Great Basin that are over 500 sqmi , listed by the state containing most of the basin. <SEP>  It is native to the western United States where it grows in sandy soils in a number of habitats, especially in the Mojave Desert and Great Basin. Eriogonum pusillum is a species of wild buckwheat known by the common name yellowturbans. <SEP> The Great Basin Divide is the western continental divide that separates the Great Basin from the Pacific Ocean watershed.  The water divide is the perimeter of the largest set of contiguous endorheic watersheds of North America, including six entire USGS watershed subregions.  For example, the San Joaquin River subregion that drains to the Pacific is adjacent to the Great Basin's Mono-Northern Mojave subregion and central Lahontan subregion, and their triple point is on the Great Basin Divide.
Question: A car that was introduced in model year 2006, and competes against a car that was first introduced in 1973, is manufactured where? 

The Cadillac CT6 (short for "Cadillac Touring 6") is a full-size luxury car manufactured by Cadillac, first introduced at the 2015 New York International Auto Show and first sold in the US for the 2016 model year.  It is the first car under Cadillac president Johan De Nysschen's leadership to adopt the brand's revised naming strategy, as well as the first rear-wheel drive full-size Cadillac sedan since the Fleetwood was discontinued in 1996.  It is built on a different platform than the smaller CTS and is engineered as a rear-wheel drive vehicle with optional all-wheel drive.  In addition to its primary markets of North America and China, the CT6 is also offered in Europe, Korea, Japan, Israel and the Middle East. <SEP> The Pontiac G8 is a rear-wheel drive sedan that was produced by Holden in Australia, and then exported to the United States, where it was sold by Pontiac.  The G8, a rebadged Holden Commodore, was released in early 2008 for the 2008 model year in the United States, and in 2008 for the 2009 model year in Canada.  Production stopped in mid-2009, following the GM decision to suspend the Pontiac brand.  While available, the G8 took the place in the Pontiac lineup of both the Pontiac Bonneville, which ceased production after the 2005 model year, and the Pontiac Grand Prix, which ceased production after the 2008 model year.  The G8 was Pontiac's first full-size car since the Bonneville and the GTO coupe last sold in 2006. <SEP>  North American production ended in 2004 and began again in 2011.  For the 2011 model year, Buick re-introduced the Regal to the North American market, positioned as an upscale sports sedan.  Production and sales in China have continued since 1999. The Buick Regal is an upscale mid-sized automobile that was first introduced by Buick for the 1973 model year. <SEP>  Introduced for model year 2006, the Fusion is manufactured at Ford's Hermosillo Stamping & Assembly plant along with its rebadged variant the Lincoln MKZ — and formerly with its now discontinued rebadged variant, the Mercury Milan, all sharing the CD3 platform. The Ford Fusion is a four-door, five passenger mid-size sedan manufactured and marketed by Ford across three generations in gasoline and gas/electric hybrid variants.  The Ford Fusion mainly competes against cars such as the Buick Regal, Chevrolet Malibu, Honda Accord, Hyundai Sonata, Kia Optima, Mitsubishi Lancer, Nissan Altima, Toyota Camry and Volkswagen Passat.
Question: Justin Hurwitz is best known for scoring an American musical romantic comedy-drama film that stars who as a jazz pianist?

 He is best known for scoring the film "La La Land".  He is a frequent collaborator with director Damien Chazelle and also scored Chazelle's two other features, "Guy and Madeline on a Park Bench" and "Whiplash". Justin Hurwitz (born 22 January 1985) is an American film composer and a television writer. <SEP> Ian Ernest Gilmore "Gil" Evans (born Green; May 13, 1912 – March 20, 1988) was a Canadian jazz pianist, arranger, composer and bandleader.  He is widely recognized as one of the greatest orchestrators in jazz, playing an important role in the development of cool jazz, modal jazz, free jazz and jazz fusion.  He is best known for his acclaimed collaborations with Miles Davis. <SEP> "La La Land" is a 2016 American romantic musical comedy-drama film written and directed by Damien Chazelle.  Starring Ryan Gosling and Emma Stone, the film focuses on two young people struggling to make ends meet in Los Angeles, while pursuing their dreams as artists.  Justin Hurwitz composed the film's musical score, while Linus Sandgren was the cinematographer.  David and Sandy Reynolds-Wasco were responsible for the production design and Mary Zophres designed the costumes. <SEP>  It stars Ryan Gosling as a jazz pianist and Emma Stone as an aspiring actress, who meet and fall in love in Los Angeles while pursuing their dreams. La La Land is a 2016 American musical romantic comedy-drama film written and directed by Damien Chazelle.  The film's title refers simultaneously to music, the city of Los Angeles, and to the idiom for being out of touch with reality.
Question: In multiplicibus curis and the 1948 Arab–Israeli War speaks to what other war in regards to conflict?

The 1948 Arab–Israeli War or the First Arab–Israeli War was fought between the State of Israel and a military coalition of Arab states, forming the second stage of the 1948 Palestine war. <SEP>  The encyclical repeated the Vatican's prior attitude to its concerns in the Holy Land and came at a time when the 1948 Arab–Israeli War was still raging, but after Israel went on the offensive in Operation Yoav. In multiplicibus curis was an encyclical given by Pope Pius XII on 24 October 1948 at Castel Gandolfo, near Rome, in the tenth year of his pontificate. <SEP> The Arab–Israeli conflict (Arabic: ‎ , "Al-Sira'a Al'Arabi Al-Israili " ‎ ; Hebrew: ‎ , "Ha'Sikhsukh Ha'Yisraeli-Aravi " ‎ ) is the political tension, military conflicts and disputes between a number of Arab countries and Israel.  The roots of the modern Arab–Israeli conflict are bound in the rise of Zionism and Arab nationalism towards the end of the 19th century.  Territory regarded by the Jewish people as their historical homeland is also regarded by the Pan-Arab movement as historically and currently belonging to the Palestinians, and in the Pan-Islamic context, as Muslim lands.  The sectarian conflict between Palestinian Jews and Arabs emerged in the early 20th century, peaking into a full-scale civil war in 1947 and transforming into the First Arab–Israeli War in May 1948 following the Israeli Declaration of Independence. <SEP> Operation Kedem was an action planned and carried out in July 1948, during the 1948 Arab–Israeli war.  Its purpose was to capture East Jerusalem (including the Old City).  After the first cease-fire of the Arab–Israeli war, which lasted for four weeks, the balance in power in Jerusalem had shifted dramatically.  The Jews were now much stronger than the Arabs in the Jerusalem sector.
Question:  Geneva Carr, who starred in the 2012 American superhero comedy film Alter Egos, was born in what year?

Superhero Movie is a 2008 American superhero comedy film written and directed by Craig Mazin, produced by Robert K. Weiss and David Zucker, and starring Drake Bell, Sara Paxton, Christopher McDonald, and Leslie Nielsen.  It was originally titled "Superhero!"  as a nod to one of the Zuckers' previous films, "Airplane! ", in which Nielsen also starred. <SEP> Mark Aurel Landler (born October 26, 1965 in Stuttgart, Germany) is an American journalist who has been a White House Correspondent for "The New York Times", based in Washington, D.C., since March 2011.  He is the author of "Alter Egos: Hillary Clinton, Barack Obama and the Twilight Struggle Over American Power" (Random House, 2016). <SEP> Geneva Carr (born May 6, 1971) is an American television and stage actress with an extensive acting resume.  She is best known for her performance as Margery in the original Broadway cast of "Hand To God", earning a nomination for the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play. <SEP> Alter Egos is a 2012 American superhero comedy film written, edited, and directed by Jordan Galland.  The film, starring Kris Lemche, Sean Lennon, Danny Masterson, and Geneva Carr, was distributed by Kevin Smith's SModcast Pictures and Phase 4 Films.  It premiered was at the Fantasia Film Festival on July 24, 2012, where it was chosen as an official selection.
Question: What was the name of the American rock band formed in Las Vegas, Nevada in 2001 that featured lead guitarist Dave Keuning?

The Vermin is a punk rock band from Las Vegas, Nevada.  The band formed in 1984 (1986 in some sources)as Vermin From Venus by singer and guitarist Dirk Vermin, and was noted for releasing one of the first independent punk rock albums in Las Vegas, "Sex on Planet X".  In 1994, Vermin and bassist Rob Ruckus formed a punk cover band called Godboy, and in 1995 the bands merged, adopting the name The Vermin.  The band recorded their first album under their new name, "Hell or Las Vegas", in 1996 with drummer Anthony Hudak, but Hudak left the band soon after and was immediately replaced with current drummer Gerry "Turbo" Proctor.  The band was featured in the low-budget horror film "Trans-American Killer" in 2005.  Singer Dirk Vermin opened Pussykat Tattoo in 1999; the shop, Vermin, and bassist Ruckus are currently featured in the A&E program "Bad Ink". <SEP>  Mark Stoermer (bass, guitar, backing vocals) and Ronnie Vannucci, Jr. (drums, percussion) would complete the current line-up of the band in 2002. The Killers are an American rock band formed in Las Vegas, Nevada, in 2001 by members Brandon Flowers (lead vocals, keyboards, bass) and Dave Keuning (guitar, backing vocals).  The band's name is derived from a logo on the bass drum of a fictitious band, portrayed in the music video for the New Order song "Crystal". <SEP> "Mr. Brightside" is the first single released by American rock band the Killers.  It was released as the band's debut single and is featured on their debut studio album "Hot Fuss" (2004).  Written by band members Brandon Flowers and Dave Keuning, this was one of the first songs the Killers ever wrote.  Two music videos were made for the song: the first, which is in black-and-white, features the band performing in an empty room.  The second, filmed for the re-release, is based on the 2001 film "Moulin Rouge! ". <SEP> David Brent "Dave" Keuning (born March 28, 1976) is an American guitarist.  He is best known as the lead guitarist of the rock band The Killers, with whom he has recorded five studio albums.
Question: When was the school 2 time Academy Award nominee Julie Delpy founded?

The New York University Tisch School of the Arts (known more commonly as Tisch or TSOA) is a center of study in the performing and media arts.  Founded on August 17, 1965, Tisch is a training ground for artists, scholars of the arts, filmmakers, and creative entrepreneurs.  The school merges the technical training of a professional school with the academic resources of a major research university to immerse students in their intended artistic disciplines.  It is located at 721 Broadway in Manhattan, New York City.  NYU has the most alumni working at Broadway theatre. <SEP>  She studied filmmaking at New York University's Tisch School of the Arts and has directed, written, or acted in more than 30 films, including "Europa Europa" (1990), "Voyager" (1991), "" (1993), "Before Sunrise" (1995), "An American Werewolf in Paris" (1997), "Before Sunset" (2004), "2 Days in Paris" (2007), and "Before Midnight" (2013).  She has been nominated for three César Awards, two Online Film Critics Society Awards, and two Academy Awards.  After moving to the United States in 1990, she became an American citizen in 2001. Julie Delpy (] ; born 21 December 1969) is a French-American actress, film director, screenwriter, and singer-songwriter. <SEP> John Uhler "Jack" Lemmon III (February 8, 1925 – June 27, 2001) was an American actor and musician.  Lemmon was an eight time Academy Award nominee, with two wins.  He starred in over 60 films, such as "Some Like It Hot", "The Apartment", "Mister Roberts" (for which he won the 1955 Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor), "Days of Wine and Roses", "The Great Race", "Irma la Douce", "The Odd Couple" and its sequel 30 years later, "The Odd Couple II", (and other frequent collaborations with "Odd Couple" co-star Walter Matthau), "Save the Tiger" (for which he won the 1973 Academy Award for Best Actor), "The Out-of-Towners", "The China Syndrome", "Missing" (for which he won Best Actor at the 1982 Cannes Film Festival), "Glengarry Glen Ross", "Tuesdays with Morrie", "Grumpy Old Men", and "Grumpier Old Men". <SEP> Resurrection: The J.R. Richard Story is a 2005 American independent film, directed by Greg Carter and Benjamin O. Jimerson-Phillips, Executive Producers Charlie Bellinger, J.R. Richard & Larry Johnson; and Produced by Benjamin O. Jimerson-Phillips, and Bruce Dalton, starring David Ramsey and Charles Durning two time Academy Award Nominee.  The film is a biopic tale of the Houston Astros baseball Pitcher J. R. Richard, his life high points struggles.  It was shot by Bellinger-7 Films, which is owned by Ms. Charlie Bellinger-Bethea, former wife of NFL Hall of Fame Inductee Elvin Bethea, and done in association with Nexus Films & Adept Films Inc.
Question: What multi-use building complex comprising a wet market, food centre and shops can you visit if you get off the Downtown Line at the Rochor MRT Station?

Geylang Bahru MRT Station (DT24) is a future underground Mass Rapid Transit station on the Downtown Line in Kallang, Singapore.  It is located along Kallang Bahru, at the junction with Geylang Bahru, hence the station's name.  The station is within walking distances to Kallang Basin Swimming Complex as well as Kallang MRT Station. <SEP> Tekka Centre is a multi-use building complex comprising a wet market, food centre and shops, located in the northern corner of Bukit Timah Road and Serangoon Road, in Little India, Singapore. <SEP>  Notable buildings in the proximity include Sim Lim Square, The Verge, the Lasalle College of the Arts and Tekka Centre.  The station has a white and grey livery, with a futuristic design.  This station and Little India is the nearest of any station on the Downtown Line as it takes only 20-25 seconds to reach.  Also, when the Jalan Besar station opens, it will also be nearer in which one can take on either station. Rochor MRT Station (DT13) is an underground Mass Rapid Transit station on the Downtown Line in the planning area of Rochor, Singapore. <SEP> Newton MRT Station (NS21/DT11) is an underground Mass Rapid Transit interchange station on the North South Line and the Downtown Line in the planning area of Newton, Singapore.  It is located along Scotts Road and is an underground station.  It is the shallowest underground MRT station on the network at about 12 m underground, and is the only station on the North South Line to serve as an interchange with the Downtown Line.  On the older, North-South Line side it has an orange livery.  The station is near landmarks such as the Newton Food Centre.  This station used to be denoted by code N4 before the rail system map was revamped on August 2001.
Question: The 26th Governor of Victoria was featured in what book by Neal Bascomb?

Hunting Eichmann: How a Band of Survivors and a Young Spy Agency Chased Down the World's Most Notorious Nazi is a book by Neal Bascomb about Adolf Eichmann and his escape to Argentina after World War II. <SEP> Preston Hopkins Leslie (March 8, 1819 – February 7, 1907) was the 26th Governor of Kentucky from 1871 to 1875 and territorial governor of Montana from 1887 to 1889.  He ascended to the office of governor by three different means.  First, he succeeded Kentucky governor John W. Stevenson upon the latter's resignation to accept a seat in the United States Senate in 1871.  Later that year, he was elected to a full term as governor, defeating John Marshall Harlan in the general election.  Finally, he was appointed territorial governor by President Grover Cleveland. <SEP>  The runners are Englishman Roger Bannister, American Wes Santee, and Australian John Landy.  The book's climax is Bannister's breaking of the record on May 6, 1954. The Perfect Mile: Three Athletes, One Goal, and Less Than Four Minutes to Achieve It (2004) by Neal Bascomb is a non-fiction book about three runners and their attempts to become the first man to run a mile under four minutes. <SEP> John Michael Landy (born 12 April 1930) is a retired Australian middle-distance runner and politician.  He was the second man to break the four-minute mile barrier in the mile run, and held the world records for the 1500 metre run and the mile race.  He was also the 26th Governor of Victoria from 2001 to 2006.
Question: Where did the genre of painting Joseph Solman was known for originate?

Joseph Alexander Ames (1816–1872) was an American artist, primarily known for portrait and genre painting.  Originally named Joseph Emes, he was born in Roxbury, New Hampshire.  Ames began painting at a young age.  At the age of twelve Henry Theodore Tuckerman wrote about one of his paintings.  After moderate success at home in Saugus, Massachusetts, he left for Boston in 1841.  While in Boston, Ames tried to replicate the style of Washington Allston.  In 1848, Ames traveled to Rome, where he painted a portrait of Pope Pius IX that was featured at the National Academy of Design's annual exhibition in 1850.  When he returned from Italy he was commissioned by Rufus Choate, Daniel Webster, and Abraham Lincoln.  He kept a studio in Boston in Amory Hall (ca.1849), and later on Tremont Street (ca.1856), and then on Summer Street.  Ames exhibited at the Boston Athenæum, the National Academy of Design, and the Pennsylvania Academy.  He eventually moved to Baltimore, and then to New York, where he died of a "brain fever". <SEP> The Adoration of the Shepherds by the Le Nain Brothers is in the National Gallery in London.  The painting dates from about 1640, and is relatively unusual as a religious subject or history painting in their "oeuvre"; they are best known for genre painting, especially groups of peasants.  As with most of the works of Antoine (c 1600–1648), Louis (c. 1603? –1648) and Mathieu (1607–1677) Le Nain, it is not possible to establish which brother, or combination of brothers, painted it.  This painting is unsigned, but when they signed their works, from 1641 to 1648, it was simply as "Lenain". <SEP>  His best known works include his "Subway Gouaches" depicting travellers on the New York City Subway. Joseph Solman (January 25, 1909 – April 16, 2008) was a Jewish American painter, a founder of The Ten, a group of New York City Expressionist painters in the 1930s. <SEP> Expressionism was a modernist movement, initially in poetry and painting, originating in Germany at the beginning of the 20th century.  Its typical trait is to present the world solely from a subjective perspective, distorting it radically for emotional effect in order to evoke moods or ideas.  Expressionist artists sought to express the meaning of emotional experience rather than physical reality.
Question: Who has won more Grand Slam singles titles, Anastasia Myskina or Leander Paes?

Leander Adrian Paes (born 17 June 1973) is an Indian professional tennis player who is considered to be one of the best doubles and mixed doubles players of all time, having achieved a career Grand Slam in each discipline. <SEP> Alicia Molik (born 27 January 1981) is an Australian former professional tennis player.  She reached a career-high singles ranking of world No. 8 and won a bronze medal for Australia at the 2004 Athens Olympics by upsetting then world No. 3 and reigning French Open champion Anastasia Myskina.  Molik peaked in the doubles rankings at No. 6 and won two Grand Slam women's doubles titles, the 2005 Australian Open and the 2007 French Open, alongside Svetlana Kuznetsova and Mara Santangelo, respectively.  In addition, she won the 2004 Zurich Open, defeating Maria Sharapova in the final, and reached the finals of the 2004 Wimbledon, 2004 US Open, and 2007 Wimbledon mixed doubles events, as well as the quarterfinals of the 2005 Australian Open singles tournament. <SEP> Anastasiya Andreyevna Myskina (Russian: Анастасия Андреевна Мыскина ; ] ; born 8 July 1981) is a Russian former tennis player.  She won the 2004 French Open singles title, becoming the first Russian female tennis player to win a Grand Slam singles title.  Subsequent to this victory, she rose to No. 3 in the WTA rankings, becoming the first Russian female tennis player to reach the top 3 in the history of the rankings.  In September 2004, she reached a career-high ranking of No. 2.  She has not officially retired, but has been inactive on the WTA Tour since May 2007. <SEP> Radek Štěpánek (] ; born 27 November 1978) is a professional tennis player from the Czech Republic.  His career-high singles ranking is world No. 8 and best doubles ranking is world No. 4.  Štěpánek's biggest achievements are reaching two Masters 1000 event finals and the quarterfinals of Wimbledon in 2006, as well as winning the deciding match for Czech Republic's Davis Cup winning team in 2012 and again in 2013.  In doubles, he won his first Grand Slam title at the 2012 Australian Open, along with Indian partner Leander Paes, defeating the Bryan Brothers in the final.  Paes and Štěpánek also won the men's doubles title at the 2013 US Open, defeating Bruno Soares and Alexander Peya in the final.
Question: Joseph Dalry "Swede" Alexander was the head coach at a private four-year co-educational liberal arts college on a campus of how many acres?

Morningside College is a private, liberal arts college affiliated with the United Methodist Church located in Sioux City, Iowa.  Founded in 1894 by the Methodist Episcopal Church, Morningside College is a private, four-year, co-educational liberal arts institution.  Morningside has 21 buildings on a 68 acre campus in Sioux City (area population 143,157 in 2008.) .  The Morningside College Historic District, which includes most of the campus, is on the National Register of Historic Places. <SEP>  LMU's 1000 acre campus borders on Cumberland Gap National Historical Park.  As a whole, LMU is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS).  In December 2014, the law school received provisional accreditation by the American Bar Association. Lincoln Memorial University (LMU) is a private four-year co-educational liberal arts college located in Harrogate, Tennessee, United States. <SEP> Macalester College ( ) is a private, coeducational liberal arts college located in Saint Paul, Minnesota, US.  It was founded in 1874 as a Presbyterian-affiliated but nonsectarian college.  Its first class entered September 15, 1885.  Macalester is exclusively an undergraduate four-year institution and enrolled 1,978 students in the fall of 2013 from 50 U.S. states and 90 countries.  In 2015, "U.S. News & World Report" ranked Macalester as tied for the 23rd best liberal arts college in the United States, 6th for undergraduate teaching at a national liberal arts college, and 19th for best value at a national liberal arts college. <SEP> Joseph Dalry "Swede" Alexander (May 15, 1899 – June 16, 1962) was the head coach of the Lincoln Memorial University (1930–1931) and East Carolina University (1937–1938) college football programs.
Question: Rómulo Méndez refereed in what 24 team format soccer tournament?

The 1986 FIFA World Cup, the 13th FIFA World Cup, was held in Mexico from 31 May to 29 June 1986.  The tournament was the second to feature a 24-team format.  With European nations not allowed to host after the previous World Cup in Spain, Colombia had been originally chosen to host the competition by FIFA but, largely due to economic reasons, was not able to do so and officially resigned in 1982.  Mexico was selected as the new host in May 1983.  This was the third FIFA World Cup tournament in succession that was hosted by a Hispanophonic country, after Spain in 1982, and Argentina in 1978. <SEP> The 2016 Big 12 Conference Women's Soccer Tournament was the postseason women's soccer tournament for the Big 12 Conference, held from November 2 to 6, 2016.  The seven-match tournament was played at the Swope Soccer Village in Kansas City, Missouri.  The eight team single-elimination tournament consisted of three rounds based on seeding from regular season conference play.  The West Virginia Mountaineers claimed their third Big 12 tournament title after defeating the TCU Horned Frogs in overtime in the championship match <SEP> The 2016 SWAC Women's Soccer Tournament is the postseason women's soccer tournament for the Southwest Athletic Conference to be held from November 3 to 6, 2016.  The seven-match tournament will be held at the Prairie View A&M Soccer Stadium in Prairie View, Texas.  The eight team single-elimination tournament will consist of three rounds based on seeding from regular season conference play.  The Howard Lady Bison are the defending tournament champions after defeating the Alabama State Hornets in the championship match. <SEP>  He was the first Guatemalan referee ever to participate in a World Cup finals, refereeing one match in the 1982 World Cup and one match in the 1986 edition. Rómulo Méndez Molina (born December 21, 1938) is a retired Guatemalan football referee.
Question: Video game, Summer Games, was released in 1984 for what home video game console, released on September 11, 1977?

 This format contrasts with the older model of having non-microprocessor dedicated hardware, which could only play the games that were physically built into the unit. The Atari 2600 (or Atari Video Computer System before November 1982) is a home video game console by Atari, Inc. Released on September 11, 1977, it is credited with popularizing the use of microprocessor-based hardware and ROM cartridges containing game code, a format first used with the Fairchild Channel F video game console in 1976. <SEP> The PlayStation (officially abbreviated to PS, and commonly known as the PS1 or PSX) is a home video game console developed and marketed by Sony Computer Entertainment.  The console was released on 3 December 1994 in Japan, 9 September 1995 in North America, 29 September 1995 in Europe, and for 15 November 1995 in Australia.  The console was the first of the PlayStation lineup of home video game consoles.  It primarily competed with the Nintendo 64 and the Sega Saturn as part of the fifth generation of video game consoles. <SEP> The Fairchild Channel F is a home video game console released by Fairchild Semiconductor in November 1976 across North America at the retail price of $169.95.  It was also released in Japan in October the following year.  It has the distinction of being the first programmable ROM cartridge–based video game console, and the first console to use a microprocessor.  It was launched as the Video Entertainment System, or VES, but when Atari released its VCS the next year, Fairchild renamed its machine.  By 1977, the Fairchild Channel F had sold 250,000 units, trailing behind sales of the VCS. <SEP>  Released in 1984 for the Commodore 64, it was ported to the Apple II, Atari 2600, Atari 7800, Atari 8-bit family, and Sega Master System.  Amiga, ZX Spectrum, Amstrad CPC and Atari ST versions were also created for inclusion in compilations. Summer Games is a sports video game developed by Epyx and released by U.S. Gold based on sports featured in the Summer Olympic Games.  In 2004 it was re-released on the C64 Direct-to-TV.
Question: Where was the attorney born who defended the accused who was intially regarded as a hero?

Henning Elof Sjöström (13 May 1922 – 16 October 2011) was a Swedish defense attorney, and regarded as Sweden's first celebrity lawyer due to his high-profile cases.  Sjöström was the attorney for Kurt Haijby during the Haijby affair, in which Haijby was accused of blackmailing Swedish King Gustav V. <SEP>  He represented Richard Jewell, the security guard falsely accused in the Centennial Olympic Park bombing in Atlanta in 1996.  Wood's representation of Richard Jewell propelled Wood from a personal injury lawyer to be known as one of the top libel, defamation and First Amendment lawyers in the U. S. earning him the title of "Attorney for the Damned". Lucian Lincoln "Lin" Wood Jr. (born October 19, 1952 in Raleigh, North Carolina) is a high-profile American attorney based in Atlanta, Georgia. <SEP>  Initially hailed by the media as a hero, Jewell was later considered a suspect. Richard Allensworth Jewell (born Richard White; December 17, 1962 – August 29, 2007) was an American police officer and security guard.  While working as a security guard for AT&T, he became known in connection with the Centennial Olympic Park bombing at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia.  Discovering a backpack filled with three pipe bombs on the park grounds, Jewell alerted police and helped to evacuate the area before the bomb exploded, saving many people from injury or death.  Jewell's case is considered an example of the damage that can be done by reporting based on unreliable or incomplete information. <SEP> Fernand-Gustave-Gaston Labori (April 18, 1860 – March 14, 1917) was a French attorney.  He was born in Reims.  In his professional life, he defended the accused in some of the most prominent political cases of his day.  Among his noted clients was Alfred Dreyfus, who was eventually acquitted of treason.  During the Dreyfus trial, Labori was the victim of an assassination attempt which hospitalized him for a week.  The attacker was never identified.
Question: In which century did the philosophy of Apollophanes of Antioch cease to flourish?

 Stoicism is predominantly a philosophy of personal ethics which is informed by its system of logic and its views on the natural world.  According to its teachings, as social beings, the path to happiness for humans is found in accepting this moment as it presents itself, by not allowing ourselves to be controlled by our desire for pleasure or our fear of pain, by using our minds to understand the world around us and to do our part in nature's plan, and by working together and treating others in a fair and just manner. Stoicism is a school of Hellenistic philosophy that flourished throughout the Roman and Greek world until the 3rd century AD. <SEP>  250 BC) was a Stoic philosopher.  During his life, he left Seleucia to migrate west to Athens.  There he became a pupil and friend of Aristo of Chios.  As a student of Aristo, he may have call himself an Aristonian.  There is some assertion that he is the same as Apollophanes the physician who lived at the court of Antiochus. Apollophanes of Antioch (Greek: Ἀπολλοφάνης ; fl. <SEP> While Protestants arrived in the island of Cuba early in its colonial days, most of their churches did not flourish until the 20th century with the assistance of American missionaries.  In the early 20th century, Cuban Protestant churches were greatly aided by various American missionaries who assisted in the work in the churches and also provided support from their home churches.  When Fidel Castro’s regime overtook the country in 1959, Protestant churches were legally allowed to continue.  Nevertheless, certain incidents as detailed below, and religious persecution kept them from prospering.  During the Special Period that began in 1991, Protestant churches began to flourish once again and today have become a primary religious group of Cuba.  The Protestant population of Cuba is estimated at 11%. <SEP> Early Islamic philosophy or classical Islamic philosophy is a period of intense philosophical development beginning in the 2nd century AH of the Islamic calendar (early 9th century CE) and lasting until the 6th century AH (late 12th century CE).  The period is known as the Islamic Golden Age, and the achievements of this period had a crucial influence in the development of modern philosophy and science; for Renaissance Europe, the influence represented “one of the largest technology transfers in world history.” .  This period starts with al-Kindi in the 9th century and ends with Averroes (Ibn Rushd) at the end of 12th century.  The death of Averroes effectively marks the end of a particular discipline of Islamic philosophy usually called the "Peripatetic Arabic School", and philosophical activity declined significantly in Western Islamic countries, namely in Islamic Spain and North Africa, though it persisted for much longer in the Eastern countries, in particular Persia and India where several schools of philosophy continued to flourish: Avicennism, Illuminationist philosophy, Mystical philosophy, and Transcendent theosophy.
Question: The next New South Wales state election in which the Liberal/National Coalition government, currently led by Premier Gladys Berejiklian will be challenged by the Labor opposition, currently led by a member of the New South Wales Legislative Council since what date?

Gladys Berejiklian (Armenian: Գլեդիս Բերեջիկլյան , ] ; born 22 September 1970) is the 45th Premier of New South Wales and the Leader of the New South Wales Liberal Party, offices which she assumed on 23 January 2017 following the resignation of Mike Baird.  She has been a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly since 2003, representing the seat of Willoughby. <SEP> The next New South Wales state election is scheduled to be held on Saturday 23 March 2019 to elect the 58th Parliament of New South Wales, including all 93 seats in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly and 21 of the 42 seats in the New South Wales Legislative Council.  The eight-year two-term incumbent Liberal/National Coalition government, currently led by Premier Gladys Berejiklian, will attempt to win a third four-year term and will be challenged by the Labor opposition, currently led by Opposition Leader Luke Foley. <SEP> The next Victorian state election is scheduled to be held on Saturday 24 November 2018 to elect the 58th Parliament of Victoria, including all 88 seats in the Legislative Assembly and all 40 in the Legislative Council.  The four-year one-term incumbent Labor government, currently led by Premier Daniel Andrews, will attempt to win a second four-year term and will be challenged by the Liberal/National opposition, currently led by Opposition Leader Matthew Guy. <SEP> Luke Aquinas Foley (born 27 July 1970) is an Australian politician who serves as the Leader of the Opposition in the Parliament of New South Wales and as parliamentary leader of the New South Wales branch of the Australian Labor Party.  Foley was a member of the New South Wales Legislative Council since 19 June 2010 until his resignation to contest the Legislative Assembly seat of Auburn at the 2015 New South Wales election.
Question: The first Dean of Human Resources at a public engineering institution established by the government of India in 1951 is also the chair of what organization?

 It is the first of the IITs to be established, and is recognized as an Institute of National Importance by the Government of India. The Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur (IIT Kharagpur or IIT KGP) is a public engineering institution established by the government of India in 1951. <SEP> PSG College of Technology is an autonomous, government aided, private engineering college in Coimbatore, India.  It is affiliated with Anna University.  The college offers a total of 48 full-time and part-time programs in Science, Engineering and Management at undergraduate and postgraduate levels.  The college was founded in 1951 by G. R. Damodaran as the first private engineering institution established in Tamil Nadu.  It is affiliated to PSG & Sons Charities Trust. <SEP>  He is a distinguished professor and Institute's first Dean of Human Resources, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur. Bhrigu Nath Singh, also known as B.N. Singh, is an Indian engineering scientist.  Presently, he is also Chair of the ICTACEM and was a former Head of Department Aerospace Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. <SEP> The Human Resources Research Organization (HumRRO) is an applied research company founded by Meredith P. Crawford and headquartered in Alexandria, Virginia which specializes in providing human capital management, education, resource analysis, and training for government and private companies.  The company was established in 1951 as the Human Resources Research Office of George Washington University to study human resources for the Department of the Army.  In 1967, HumRRO's charter was modified to extend its services to other departments of the Federal Government, to state and local governments, and to private companies and foundations.  In 1969, HumRRO severed its connection with George Washington University and became a non-profit research organization.  During its first 24 years, HumRRO operated as a Federal Contract Research Center (FCRC).  The company’s status as an FCRC was terminated at the end of 1975.