winkelee/scaling-down huggingface dataset:
Question: Which breed was developed first, the Doberman Pinscher or the Old Time Farm Shepherd?

The Old Time Farm Shepherd is a rare breed of working dog known for its versatility and intelligence.  Old Time Farm Shepherds are the descendants of the old working Scotch Collies that were common on farms in America in the early twentieth century; as a recognized breed, they were started by J. Richard McDuffie in 1994. <SEP>  The Doberman has a long muzzle and stands on its toes (not the pads) and is not usually heavy-footed. The Doberman Pinscher (] ), or Dobermann, or Doberman, is a medium-large breed of domestic dog originally developed around 1890 by Karl Friedrich Louis Dobermann, a tax collector from Germany.  Ideally, they have an even and graceful gait.  Traditionally, the ears are cropped and posted, and the tail is docked.  However, in some countries it is illegal to do so.  Dobermans have markings on the chest, paws/legs, muzzle, above the eyes, and underneath the tail. <SEP> The Harlequin Pinscher is a type of Miniature Pinscher, which is a toy-sized dog.  It originated in Germany and was created by crossing traditional Miniature Pinschers with various toy-sized short-haired terriers.  It originated in Germany where it was used to kill rats and mice.  It is known by several different names including the Harlequin Pinscher, Spotted Pinscher, Merle Pinscher, Harlequin Miniature Pinscher and the Harlequin Min Pin.  It is believed that the Harlequin Pinscher was created in Germany some time during the late 18th century.  They were likely the result of crosses between traditional Miniature Pinschers and Toy Fox Terriers or Rat Terriers.  While Harlequin and other Min Pins were mainly used for ratting throughout history, they were also cherished pets.  Harlequin Pinschers nearly became extinct following World War II; however, a group of enthusiasts worked together to revive the breed by collecting worthy specimens to breed.  Today, although the Harlequin Pinscher is rather rare, select Min Pin breeders are working hard to establish it as a pure-breed that is eligible for registration. <SEP> The Austrian Pinscher (Österreichischer Pinscher, FCI No. 64) is a medium-sized breed of pinscher-type dog from Austria, where dogs of the type were originally farm dogs, keeping barns free of rats and acting as home guards, livestock guardians, and drovers.  The name originally given to the breed in 1928 was the "Österreichischer Kurzhaarpinscher" ("Austrian Shorthaired Pinscher") to differentiate it from similarly named breeds, but today in its country of origin the breed is officially called the Österreichischer Pinscher, or Austrian Pinscher in English.
Question: In what year did Serbian Armer commander Pukovnik Milivoje Stojanovic Brka die?

Stevan Stojanović (; 1833–37) or Stefan Stojanović (Стефан Стојановић ), nicknamed Ćosa (Ћоса ), was a Serbian military commander, a colonel ("pukovnik") by rank.  As the commander of the Danube–Timok Army ( 1836), he reported to Serbian Prince Miloš Obrenović about events in the bordering areas in the Ottoman Empire.  He was sent together with minister Avram Petronijević to Knjaževac in early May 1836 to negotiate the return of refugees from Pirot that had fled Ottoman oppression.  Despite talks, the Pirot area villagers, rallied by their priests, rose up (24 May–early June 1836).  At the end of 1836, Stojanović made a detailed report regarding military matters of the Serbian–Ottoman border. <SEP> The Battle of Cer was fought between Austria-Hungary and Serbia in August 1914 during the early stages of the Serbian Campaign of the First World War.  It took place around Cer Mountain and several surrounding villages, as well as the town of Šabac. <SEP> "Rise" is an instrumental written by Andy Armer and Randy Badazz Alpert, and first recorded by trumpeter Herb Alpert.  The instrumental track was included on Alpert's solo album "Rise" and released as a single in 1979.  It reached number one on the U.S. "Billboard" Hot 100 in October of that year and remained in the top position for two weeks.  Herb Alpert thus became the first (and only) artist to reach the top of the Hot 100 with a vocal performance ("This Guy's in Love with You", 1968) as well as an instrumental performance.  "Rise" also spent one week atop the adult contemporary chart.  "Rise" was successful on the other charts, peaking at number four on the R&B chart and number seventeen on the disco chart.  The recording also received a Grammy Award for Best Pop Instrumental Performance.  Songwriters Andy Armer and Randy Badazz Alpert were both nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Composition. <SEP> The March to the Drina (, ] ) is a Serbian patriotic march which was composed by Stanislav Binički during World War I.  The song experienced widespread popularity during and after the war and came to be seen by Serbs as a symbol of resistance to the Great Powers.  Binički dedicated it to his favourite commander in the Serbian Army, Pukovnik Milivoje Stojanovic Brka, who had fought during the Battle of Cer, but was killed in a subsequent battle in December.  Following World War II, it was popular in Socialist Yugoslavia where a single release in 1964 achieved Gold Record status.  The march was played at the presentation ceremony for the Nobel Prize in Literature when Yugoslav writer Ivo Andrić was named a Nobel laureate in 1961.
Question: How far from Honolulu is the first Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints temple built in Hawaii ? 

The Kona Hawaii Temple is the 70th operating temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).  It is the sixth temple built in the Pacific Islands.  The temple is located in Kailua-Kona on the island of Hawaii and is the second temple built in Hawaii, along with the Laie Hawaii Temple. <SEP> The Kirtland Temple Suit (formally Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints v. Williams) is an 1880 Ohio legal case that is often cited as the case that awarded ownership of the Kirtland Temple to the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (RLDS Church).  Though the case was dismissed by the court, the publication of the court's findings of fact—as if they had been the decision of the court—reinforced the belief by members of the RLDS Church and others that the court had considered the RLDS Church, and not The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), the rightful legal successor to the Latter Day Saint church established by Joseph Smith in 1830. <SEP> Laie Hawaii Temple is a temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) located on the northeast shore of the Hawaiian island of Oʻ ahu.  Along with Brigham Young University–Hawaii and the Polynesian Cultural Center, the Laie Hawaii Temple plays an important role in the town of Lā'ie, with the Visitors' Center attracting more than 100,000 people annually.  The temple sits on a small hill, a half-mile from the Pacific Ocean, in the town of Lāʻ ie, 35 mi from Honolulu. <SEP> In the Latter Day Saint movement, a temple is a building dedicated to be a house of God and is reserved for special forms of worship.  A temple differs from a church meetinghouse, which is used for weekly worship services.  Temples have been a significant part of the Latter Day Saint movement since early in its inception.  Today, temples are operated by several Latter Day Saint denominations.  The most prolific builder of temples of the Latter Day Saint movement is The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).  There are 157 operating temples (which includes 2 previously dedicated, but closed for renovation), 12 under construction, and 13 announced (not yet under construction).  Several other variations of the church have built or attempted to build temples.  The Community of Christ operates two temples in the United States, which are open to the public and are used for worship services, performances, and religious education.  Other denominations with temples are the Apostolic United Brethren, the Church of Christ, the Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints and the Righteous Branch of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
Question: Who was born in 1926 and stared in The Errand Boy?

Milton Mincha Schayer (April 30, 1876 – 1935) was prominent in Denver business circles in the first half of the twentieth century.  He was born in Denver, Colorado, in 1876 to German-Jewish parents.  When he was ten the family moved to Galveston, Texas, where he began working as an errand boy at the Galveston Fruit Company.  He was promoted in the company, but moved back to Denver after the Galveston flood of 1900.  In Denver he entered the stock and bond business, and in 1920 founded the Bankers Building and Loan Association, and served as its first president and treasurer.  He was active in many civic and religious organizations.  He was director of the Denver Chamber of Commerce, which recognized him as Denver’s “most valuable citizen” in 1925.  He was a member of Temple Emanuel, president of the Central Jewish Aid Society, and president of the Denver Lodge of the Independent Order of B'nai B'rith.  He was a member of the Masons, the Denver Press Club, the Philosophical Society, and the Colorado Bankers Association.  He wrote a weekly syndicated column titled “Things to Think About,” which appeared in the Jewish News in the Rocky Mountain Region, and a number of East Coast newspapers.  He was also active in a literary group, discussions of which prompted the inquirys he sent to prominent scientists and men of letters.  Schayer was married twice, first to Elsie Reinach, who died in 1919, and then to Jane S. Bear.  He had two children, Helen Elsie and Charles Milton.  He died in 1935. <SEP> Jerry Lewis (born either Jerome Levitch or Joseph Levitch, depending on the source; March 16, 1926 – August 20, 2017) was an American comedian, actor, singer, producer, director, screenwriter, and humanitarian. <SEP> Debi Roy (born August 4, 1940) is one of the founding fathers of the Hungry generation movement in Bengali literature.  He is also the first modern Dalit poet in Bengali.  He was born in a very poor family and worked as an errand boy in tea stalls of Calcutta when his parents lived in a slum in Howrah.  He funded his own education and became a graduate of Calcutta University.  He started writing from his childhood.  Debi Roy met Malay Roy Choudhury in an office of a literary periodical in 1960 and the two of them, after discussions with Shakti Chattopadhyay and Samir Roychoudhury launched the now famous Hungryalist movement in November 1961.  His Howrah slum-room was the editorial office from where the Hungryalist Bulletins and Hungryalist Manifestoes were published.  Along with ten other Hungryalists, Debi Roy was also arrested in 1964 on charges of obscenity in poetry though the trial court exonerated him. <SEP> The Errand Boy is a 1961 American comedy film directed, co-written and starring Jerry Lewis.
Question: İstanbul Toy Museum and Cistern of Mocius, are located in which country?

The Toy Museum of NY is a theatrical and performance based museum which uses the museum's collection for its performances and to tell the story of societal change.  It was founded in 1999 as The Doll and Toy Museum of NYC and given its current name in 2009.  Later that samed year it moved from its original location in Cobble Hill to its permanent location on the second floor of Brooklyn Heights' St. Ann and the Holy Trinity Episcopal Church.  Among the locations for the museum's traveling locations are the Brooklyn Heights and Bay Ridge public library branches. <SEP> The İstanbul Toy Museum (Turkish: "İstanbul Oyuncak Müzesi" ) is a toy museum located in the Göztepe neighbourhood of Kadıköy district in İstanbul, Turkey. <SEP> The Cistern of Mocius (), known in Turkish as Altımermer Çukurbostanı ("sunken garden of Altımermer"), was the largest Byzantine open-sky water reservoir built in the city of Constantinople. <SEP> Penang Toy Museum is a toy museum located at 1370, Mk 2, Teluk Bahang (Next to SJK (C) Eok Hua School), Penang, Malaysia.  With more than 110,000 toys, dolls and other collectible items, it is the largest toy museum in the world.  The 1,000 square meters museum, opened in 2005, was also recognised by the Malaysian Book of Records as the first toy museum in the country.  The museum is visited by an estimated 100,000 visitors each year.
Question: What's Eating Gilbert Grape is a 1993 American drama film directed by Lasse Hallström and starring Johnny Depp, and which American actress, in which she played the title character's housebound mother?

Charlize Theron is a South African-born American actress who made her film debut in an uncredited role as a follower of a cult in the 1995 horror film "".  Theron followed this with appearances as a hitwoman in "2 Days in the Valley", a waitress in the romantic comedy "Trial and Error" (1997), and a woman suffering with schizophrenia in the mystery thriller "The Devil's Advocate" (1997) with Keanu Reeves and Al Pacino.  She appeared in the science fiction thriller "The Astronaut's Wife" with Johnny Depp, and Lasse Hallström's "The Cider House Rules" (both in 1999).  For her portrayal of serial killer Aileen Wuornos in the crime drama "Monster" (2003), Theron received the Academy Award for Best Actress, the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama, and the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role.  The following year, she played Swedish entertainer Britt Ekland in the biographical film "The Life and Death of Peter Sellers". <SEP> Leonardo Wilhelm DiCaprio ( ; born November 11, 1974) is an American actor, film producer, and environmental activist.  DiCaprio began his career by appearing in television commercials in the late 1980s, after which he had recurring roles in various television series such as the soap opera "Santa Barbara" and the sitcom "Growing Pains".  He began his film career by starring as Josh in "Critters 3" (1991).  He starred in the film adaptation of the memoir "This Boy's Life" (1993), and was praised for his supporting role in "What's Eating Gilbert Grape" (1993).  He gained public recognition with leading roles in "The Basketball Diaries" (1995) and the romantic drama "Romeo + Juliet" (1996), before achieving international fame with James Cameron's epic romance "Titanic" (1997), which became the highest-grossing film of all time until Cameron's science fiction film "Avatar" (2009) overtook it. <SEP>  She was best known for her role in the 1993 film "What's Eating Gilbert Grape", in which she played the title character's housebound mother. Darlene Cates (born Rita Darlene Guthrie; December 13, 1947 – March 26, 2017) was an American actress. <SEP>  The film follows 24-year-old Gilbert (Depp), a grocery store clerk caring for his morbidly obese mother and mentally impaired younger brother in a sleepy Midwestern town.  Peter Hedges wrote the screenplay, adapted from his 1991 novel of the same name. What's Eating Gilbert Grape is a 1993 American drama film directed by Lasse Hallström and starring Johnny Depp, Juliette Lewis, Darlene Cates and Leonardo DiCaprio.  The film was well-received; DiCaprio received his first Academy Award nomination for his role.
Question: Do Anthony Green and Suggs have the same nationality ?

Avalon is the debut solo album by current Saosin and current Circa Survive, vocalist Anthony Green.  It was released August 5, 2008 on Photo Finish Records, with a US tour to coincide with its release.  Keith Goodwin, Tim Arnold, and Dan Schwartz (also known as the band Good Old War) have guest appearances on this record.  The album leaked in its entirety on August 1, 2008.  Anthony Green's Avalon is being made available on vinyl LP.  The package includes the limited Vinyl LP and Digital Remix CD of Avalon, remixes created by Colin Frangicetto of Circa Survive. <SEP> Saosin is an American rock band from Orange County, California, United States.  The band was formed in 2003 and recorded its first EP, "Translating the Name", that same year original vocalist Anthony Green left Saosin due to personal reasons.  In 2004, Cove Reber replaced Green as vocalist after auditioning for the role.  The group recorded its self titled debut album which was released on Capitol Records on September 26, 2006.  Their second studio album, "In Search of Solid Ground", was released on September 8, 2009 on Virgin and contains three re-recorded tracks off of "The Grey EP".  Reber departed from the band in 2010 and subsequently went on a three-year hiatus.  In 2013, the band reformed with all original members, except Zach, and began touring.  They released their third studio album and their first studio album, "Along the Shadow", with original vocalist Anthony Green on May 20, 2016 through Epitaph Records.  It is also the album that marks the final feature lead guitarist Justin Shekoski. <SEP> Graham McPherson (born 13 January 1961), known by the stage name Suggs, is an English singer-songwriter, musician, radio personality and actor. <SEP>  He is currently the lead singer of Circa Survive and Saosin, while also maintaining a solo career. Anthony Green (born April 15, 1982) is an American musician from Doylestown, Pennsylvania.  He was previously in the bands The Sound of Animals Fighting, Audience of One, Jeer at Rome, High and Driving, and Zolof the Rock and Roll Destroyer.  Green is known for his high tenor vocal range.
Question: What genre are both Giant Drag and Chagall Guevara?

 The band was founded in 2003 by Annie Hardy who continues to be the band's sole singer and songwriter. Giant Drag is an American Indie rock band from Los Angeles, California. <SEP> Chagall Guevara was an American rock band formed in 1989 by solo artist Steve Taylor, guitarists Dave Perkins and Lynn Nichols (from the 1970s Phil Keaggy band), bassist Wade Jaynes, and drummer Mike Mead. <SEP> Roland Stephen "Steve" Taylor (born December 9, 1957), is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, music executive, film maker, and actor.  A figure in what has come to be known as Christian alternative rock, Taylor enjoyed a successful solo career during the 1980s, and also served in the short-lived group Chagall Guevara.  In contrast to many Christian musical artists, his songs have often taken aim at other Christians with the use of satirical, sardonic lyrics.  In 1997, he founded the record label Squint Entertainment, which fueled the careers of artists such as Sixpence None the Richer, Chevelle, and Burlap to Cashmere.  Despite this success, Taylor was ousted from the label by its parent, Word Entertainment, in 2001.  He has produced and written for numerous musical acts, one of the most consistent being Newsboys.  As a film-maker, Taylor co-wrote, directed, and produced the feature films "Down Under the Big Top", "The Second Chance", and "Blue Like Jazz".  After a decade and a half of hiatus, Taylor returned to performing music in 2010 as the front-man for Steve Taylor & The Perfect Foil, a supergroup he founded with Peter Furler, Jimmy Abegg, and John Mark Painter. <SEP> Waking Up is Hard to Do is the second studio album by the American indie rock band Giant Drag, released on March 5, 2013 on Full Psycho Records, the band's own label.  It is the band's first full-length release of original material since "Hearts and Unicorns" (2005) and was released as a digital download on Giant Drag's Bandcamp music store.
Question: What type of media does The Original Kings of Comedy and There Is No Authority But Yourself have in common?

 The film features archive footage of the band and interviews with former members Steve Ignorant, Penny Rimbaud and Gee Vaucher.  As well as reflecting on the band's past the film focusses on their current activities, and includes footage of Rimbaud performing with Last Amendment at the Vortex jazz club in Hackney, a compost toilet building workshop and a permaculture course held at Dial House in the spring of 2006. There is No Authority But Yourself is a Dutch film directed by Alexander Oey documenting the history of anarchist punk band Crass. <SEP> The Original Kings of Comedy is the soundtrack to the 2000 film, "The Original Kings of Comedy".  It was released on August 22, 2000, through Universal Records and mainly consisted of performances by the movie's four stars, Steve Harvey, Bernie Mac, Cedric the Entertainer and D.L. Hughley, but five original music tracks also appeared.  The soundtrack peaked at 50 on the "Billboard" 200 and 15 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums. <SEP> Walter Latham (born December 13, 1970) is an African American film and comedy producer born and raised in Brooklyn, New York.  His comedy production company, Latham Entertainment, helped launch the careers of Bernie Mac, Steve Harvey, and Mo'Nique.  His releases, The Original Kings of Comedy, Queens of Comedy, Latham Entertainment Presents, and Bad Boys of Comedy have grossed more than $200 million worldwide. <SEP>  Filmed in front of a live audience at the Charlotte Coliseum in Charlotte, North Carolina, the comedians give the audience their views about African-American culture, race relations, religion, and family.  The film was produced by MTV Films and Latham Entertainment, and was distributed by Paramount Pictures.  The film was shot over the last two nights (February 26 and 27, 2000) of the "Kings of Comedy" tour with Harvey, Hughley, Cedric, and Mac.  Its on-stage routines are intercut with brief sections of video footage showing the comedians backstage, promoting the show on the radio, at the hotel, and during a basketball game. The Original Kings of Comedy is a 2000 American stand-up comedy film directed by Spike Lee and featuring the comedy routines of Steve Harvey, D.L. Hughley, Cedric the Entertainer, and Bernie Mac.  The film spawned into multiple spin-offs and films.
Question: Asbjørn Hróbjartsson received his Ph.D. in June 2001 from a univeristy founded in what year?

Peter Joseph Corr (23 June 1923 – 1 June 2001) was an Irish footballer.  Corr played as an outside-right for, among others, Everton and Ireland.  In 1949 he was a member of the Ireland team that defeated England 2–0 at Goodison Park, becoming the first non-UK team to beat England at home.  He was the uncle of Jim, Sharon, Caroline and Andrea Corr who make up the Irish musical group The Corrs.  His brother Gerry is their father.  After a three-year-long battle with Alzheimer's Disease, Corr died in a nursing home in Goosnargh in June 2001, aged 77. <SEP> Asbjørn Hróbjartsson is a Danish medical researcher.  He is Professor of Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Research Methodology at the University of Southern Denmark, as well as head of research at Odense University Hospital's Center for Evidence-Based Medicine.  He is the former editor-in-chief of the Danish journal "Bibliotek for Læger".  He received his Ph.D. in June 2001 from the University of Copenhagen, with a thesis entitled "Are placebo interventions associated with clinically important effects?"  He is also affiliated with the Nordic Cochrane Centre in Copenhagen.  He is best-known for a 2001 article he co-authored with Peter C. Gotzsche on the placebo effect.  The article reviewed 114 studies comparing placebo treatment to no treatment, and concluded that placebos did not have clinically important effects for any condition, with the exception of self-reported pain and other continuous subjective outcomes.  He has also co-authored a subsequent paper on placebo effect research with Ted Kaptchuk and Franklin G. Miller. <SEP> Thirupathisamy (1969 – June 2001) was an Indian film director, known for his works in Telugu, and Tamil cinema.  After making his debut in 1998 with the successful "Ganesh", he has gone on to make other box office hits including "Azad" and "Narasimha".  He died in a car accident in Chennai in June 2001. <SEP> The University of Copenhagen (UCPH) (Danish: "Københavns Universitet" ) is the oldest university and research institution in Denmark.  The university has 23,473 undergraduate students, 17,398 postgraduate students, 2,968 doctoral students and over 9,000 employees.  The university has four campuses located in and around Copenhagen, with the headquarters located in central Copenhagen.  Founded in 1479 as a studium generale, it is the second oldest institution for higher education in Scandinavia after Uppsala University (1477).  Most courses are taught in Danish; however, many courses are also offered in English and a few in German.  The university has several thousands of foreign students, about half of whom come from Nordic countries.
Question: Which genus has more species Tetradium or Schlumbergera?

 Plants grow on trees or rocks in habitats that are generally shady with high humidity, and can be quite different in appearance from their desert-dwelling cousins.  Most species of "Schlumbergera" have stems which resemble leaf-like pads joined one to the other and flowers which appear from areoles at the joints and tips of the stems.  Two species have cylindrical stems more similar to other cacti.  In Brazil, the genus is referred to as "Flor de Maio " (May flower), reflecting the period in which they flower in the Southern Hemisphere. Schlumbergera is a small genus of cacti with six species found in the coastal mountains of south-eastern Brazil. <SEP>  In older books, the genus was often included in the related genus "Euodia" (sometimes written, ""Evodia"" from latin spelling), but that genus is now restricted to tropical species.  In cultivation in English-speaking countries, they are known as Euodia, Evodia, or Bee bee tree. Tetradium is a genus of nine species of trees in the family Rutaceae, occurring in temperate to tropical east Asia. <SEP> Tetradium ruticarpum is a tree that comes from China and Korea.  It was previously classified in the genus "Euodia" as "Euodia ruticarpa".  The fruit is usually used, denoted sometimes as "fructus".  It has a strong bitter taste, and is used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and is a recognized herb in Kampo.  Both the former genus name and the species name are often misspelled, and the plant usually appears in sources dealing with traditional Chinese medicine as ""Evodia(e) rutaecarpa"". <SEP> Melicope is a genus of about 230 species of shrubs and trees in the family Rutaceae, occurring from the Hawaiian Islands across the Pacific to tropical Asia, Australia and New Zealand.  The temperate Asian genus "Tetradium" (which sometimes include the tropical "Euodia") is closely related to "Melicope" and is sometimes merged into it.
Question: The most common style of beer in Austria is similar  to what lager that originated in Bavaria?

American lager or North American lager is pale lager that is produced in North America.  Pale lager originated in Europe in the mid-19th century, and moved to America with German immigrants.  As a general trend outside of Bavaria and the Czech Republic where the beers may be firmly hopped, pale lager developed as a modestly hopped beer, and sometimes used adjuncts such as rice or maize – and this was also true in America. <SEP> Austrian beers come in a wide variety of styles, and many small breweries are scattered across the country, though a few larger breweries dominate markets.  Austrian brewers were never subject to the tight restrictions of the Reinheitsgebot, and as a result more variety remains in Austria than in Germany.  The most common style of beer is similar to the German "Märzen", though the Austrian style is distinct. <SEP> The New England Barn was the most common style of barn built in most of the 19th century in rural New England and variants are found throughout the United States.  This style barn superseded the ”three-bay barn” in several important ways.  The most obvious difference is the location of the barn doors on the gable-end(s) rather than the sidewall(s).  The New England and three bay barns were used similarly as multipurpose farm buildings (housing animals, crop storage and other uses all in one building) but the New England barns are typically larger and have a basement.  Culturally the New England Barn represents a shift from subsistence farming to commercial farming thus are larger and show significant changes in American building methods and technologies.  Most were used as dairy barns but some housed teams of oxen which are generally called "teamster barns".  Sometimes these barns are simply called “gable fronted” and “gable fronted bank barns” but these terms are also used for barns other than the New England style barn such as in Maryland and Virginia which is not exactly the same style as found in New England.  A similar style found in parts of the American mid-west and south is called a "transverse frame barn" or "transverse crib barn". <SEP>  It has a medium to full body and may vary in color from pale through amber to dark brown. Märzen or Märzenbier (German: "March or March beer" , respectively) is a lager that originated in Bavaria.
Question: Which professor emeritus of Mathematics and statistical mechanics at California State University was also a contributor to The Panda's Thumb? Mark Perakh

Mark Perakh (Russian: Марк Пэрах ; "perach" (פֶּ֫רַח) is the Hebrew word for "flower"; born "Mark Yakovlevich Popereka" in 1924, Kiev, Ukraine, died 7 May 2013 in Escondido, California), was a professor emeritus of Mathematics and statistical mechanics at California State University, Fullerton in Fullerton, California. <SEP> Richard B. Frankel is an "Emeritus" Professor of Physics at the California State Polytechnic University, San Luis Obispo.  He is noted for his research on magnetotaxis and biomineralization of magnetic iron minerals in general and magnetotactic bacteria in particular.  His expertise in the latter was prominently discussed in Stephen Jay Gould's "The Panda's Thumb" (1980 Chapter 30).  He is a graduate of the University of Missouri (1961) and took a PhD from Berkeley (1965).  Much of his career was spent at the Francis Bitter National Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology before joining Cal Poly in 1988. <SEP> Ezechiel Godert David "Eddie" Cohen (born January 16, 1923– September 24, 2017) was a Dutch-American physicist and Professor Emeritus at The Rockefeller University.  He is widely recognised for his contributions to statistical physics.  In 2004 Cohen was awarded the Boltzmann Medal, the equivalent of the Nobel Prize for his field, jointly with Prof. H. Eugene Stanley.  Cohen's citation read "For his fundamental contributions to nonequilibrium statistical mechanics, including the development of a theory of transport phenomena in dense gases, and the characterization of measures and fluctuations in nonequilibrium stationary states." <SEP> The Panda's Thumb is a weblog on the creation-evolution controversy from a mainstream scientific perspective.  It is written by multiple contributors, including Wesley R. Elsberry, Paul R. Gross, Nick Matzke, PZ Myers and Mark Perakh, many of whom also have complementary weblogs at ScienceBlogs.  In 2006, "Nature" listed it as one of the top five science blogs.  The blog takes its name from The Panda's Thumb, the pub of the virtual University of Ediacara, which is named after the by Stephen Jay Gould, which in turn takes its title from the essay "The Panda's Peculiar Thumb", which discusses the Panda's sesamoid bone, an example of convergent evolution.
Question: 1931–32 Boston Bruins season, in the course of playing a 0–0 tie against the New York Americans on 3 January 1932, the Bruins shot the puck the length of the ice 87 times to relieve pressure on their goal, to stop this becoming a regular tactic, which rule, an infraction in the sport of ice hockey, was introduced into the NHL later in the decade? 

Cecil Ralph "Tiny" Thompson (May 31, 1903 – February 9, 1981) was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender.  He played 12 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL), first for the Boston Bruins, and later for the Detroit Red Wings.  A four-time Vezina Trophy winner, Thompson was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1959.  He was a member of one Stanley Cup-winning team, as a rookie in the 1928–29 season with the Boston Bruins.  At the start of the 1938–39 season, after ten full seasons with Boston, he was traded to the Detroit Red Wings, where he completed the season, and played another full one before retiring.  During his NHL career, he recorded 81 shutouts, the sixth highest of any goaltender.  After retiring from playing, he coached lower-league teams before becoming a noted professional scout.  Thompson helped popularize the technique of the "glove save" which was catching the puck with his hands as a method of making a save.  A competent puckhandler, he was the first goaltender in the NHL to record an assist by passing the puck with his stick to a fellow player. <SEP> In the course of playing a 0–0 tie against the New York Americans on 3 January 1932, the Bruins shot the puck the length of the ice 87 times to relieve pressure on their goal.  To stop this becoming a regular tactic, the icing rule was introduced into the NHL later in the decade. <SEP> The 2008–09 Boston Bruins season is the Bruins' 85th season in the National Hockey League (NHL).  Their regular season began on the road on October 9, 2008, in Denver versus the Colorado Avalanche and concluded on April 12, 2009, against the New York Islanders.  The Bruins looked to improve upon the accomplishments of the 2007–08 season, which included Boston's return to the NHL playoffs for the first time since the 2003–04 season. <SEP>  It occurs when a player shoots the puck across both the centre red line and the opposing team's goal line, and the puck remains untouched. Icing is an infraction in the sport of ice hockey.  However, it is "not" icing if the puck is shot from behind the halfway line "into the goal"; if the puck crosses the goal line completely, the goal is counted.
Question: What nationality was the woman who choreographed "Le baiser de la fée?

Le baiser de la fée (The Fairy's Kiss) is a 1928 ballet by Igor Stravinsky. <SEP> Le baiser de la fée ("The Fairy's Kiss") is a ballet in one act and four scenes composed by Igor Stravinsky in 1928 and revised in 1950 for George Balanchine and the New York City Ballet.  Based on Hans Christian Andersen's short story "Isjomfruen" (English: The Ice-Maiden), the work is an homage to Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, for the 35th anniversary of the composer's death.  A commission by Ida Rubinstein from 1927, the ballet was choreographed by Bronislava Nijinska and premiered in Paris on 27 November 1928.  Stravinsky elaborated several melodies from early piano pieces and songs by Tchaikovsky in his score. <SEP> The Metabetchouan River (French: Métabetchouane) is a tributary of Lac Saint-Jean in the centre of the province of Quebec, Canada.  It passes through the small town of Saint-André, and ends at Desbiens, where a cave called Le trou de la Fée is located.  Its source are the Mâles and Bouteille Lakes in the Laurentides Wildlife Reserve and it is 128 km long. <SEP>  She came from a family of professional dancers.  Her career started in Russia, moved to France, then continued in Europe and the Americas. Bronislava Nijinska (Polish: "Bronisława Niżyńska" ; Russian: Бронисла́ва Фоми́нична Нижи́нская , "Bronislava Fominichna Nizhinskaya", Belarusian: Браніслава Ніжынская ); (January 8, 1891 [O.S. December 27, 1890] — February 21, 1972) was a Polish ballet dancer, an innovative choreographer, and a teacher.
Question: When was the toy invented that Betty M. James came up with the name for?

 It can perform a number of tricks, including travelling down a flight of steps end-over-end as it stretches and re-forms itself with the aid of gravity and its own momentum, or appear to levitate for a period of time after it has been dropped. A Slinky is a toy precompressed helical spring invented by Richard James in the early 1940s.  These interesting characteristics have contributed to its success as a toy in its home country of United States, resulting in many popular toys with slinky components in a wide range of countries. <SEP> Betty M. James (February 13, 1918, Altoona, Pennsylvania – November 20, 2008, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania), was an American businessperson who came up with the name for the Slinky her husband Richard T. James invented.  She ran James Industries, the firm that manufactured the toy, by herself starting in 1960 after her husband left the firm and the family. <SEP> The Yoshimoto Cube is a polyhedral mechanical puzzle toy invented in 1971 by Naoki Yoshimoto (吉本直貴 , Yoshimoto Naoki ) , who discovered that two stellated rhombic dodecahedra could be pieced together into a cube when he was finding different ways he could split a cube equally in half.  Yoshimoto first introduced his cube in 1972 at a solo exhibition entitled "From Cube to Space," and later developed three commercial versions.  In 1982, Yoshimoto Cube No. 1 was included in the Museum of Modern Art's permanent collection. <SEP> James is the (Vulgar/Later Latin) form of the Hebrew name "Yaʻaqov" (known as "Jacob" in its earlier Latin form).  The name James came into the English language from the Old French variation "James" of the late Latin name "Iacomus".  This was a Vulgar/Later Latin (proto-Romance) variant of the earlier Latin form "Iacobus", from the New Testament Greek Ἰάκωβος (Iákōbos), from Hebrew יעקב (Yaʻaqov) (Jacob).  The development "Iacobus" > "Iacomus" is likely a result of nasalization of the "o" and assimilation to the following "b" (i.e., intermediate *"Iacombus") followed by simplification of the cluster "mb" through loss of the "b".  Diminutives include Jim, Jimmy, Jimmie, Jamie, Jimbo, Jimothy, and others.
Question: Skyler Elizabeth Day (born August 2, 1991) is an American actress and singer, best known for her recurring roles as Maggie Ritter on the series "Gigantic", on TeenNick is an American digital cable and satellite television channel that is owned by Nickelodeon Group, a unit of the Viacom Media Networks division of Viacom, aimed primarily at teenagers aged what span?

Nick Jr. is an American digital cable and satellite television channel that is run by the Nickelodeon Group, a unit of the Viacom Media Networks division of Viacom, the channel's ultimate owner headquartered in New York City.  The channel, which is aimed at kids under six years, features a mix of originally-produced programming, and series previously and concurrently aired on the "Nick: The Smart Place to Play" block, and its previous iterations, Nick Jr. also features the shows for preschoolers like "Team Umizoomi," "PAW Patrol," "Bubble Guppies," "Blaze and the Monster Machines," "Shimmer and Shine," and "" on Nickelodeon.  Due to the Nickelodeon block, Nick Jr. is sometimes disclaimed on air as "the Nick Jr. channel" to avert confusion, especially times of day where both Nickelodeon and Nick Jr. are both carrying preschool programming. <SEP> Nicktoons is an American digital cable and satellite television channel that is owned by Nickelodeon Group, a unit of the Viacom Media Networks division of Viacom.  Geared towards children and "animation lovers", the channel broadcasts original animated series from sister network Nickelodeon, known as Nicktoons, along with other original animated series, some feature films, and foreign animated programs from Nickelodeon's international networks 24 hours a day. <SEP> TeenNick is an American digital cable and satellite television channel that is owned by Nickelodeon Group, a unit of the Viacom Media Networks division of Viacom.  Aimed primarily at teenagers aged 13-18, the channel features a mix of original programming, Nickelodeon-produced series, and acquired programs initially geared towards pre-teens and young teenagers. <SEP>  She is best known for her recurring roles as Maggie Ritter on the TeenNick series "Gigantic" and as Amy Ellis on the NBC series "Parenthood". Skyler Elizabeth Day (born August 2, 1991) is an American actress and singer.
Question: John III of Egmont, was first Count of Egmont, Lord of Baer, Lathum, Hoogwoude, Aarstwoude, Purmerend, Purmerland and Ilpendam, and Stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland and West-Friesland, in the Low Countries, stadtholder, is an office of steward, designated a medieval official, and then a what?

John III of Egmont (or Egmond) (Hattem, April 3, 1438 – Egmond, August 21, 1516) was first Count of Egmont, Lord of Baer, Lathum, Hoogwoude, Aarstwoude, Purmerend, Purmerland and Ilpendam, and Stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland and West-Friesland. <SEP> Philip, Count of Egmont (1558 – Ivry March 14, 1590) was the fifth Count of Egmont, prince of Gavere and 12th and last Lord of Purmerend, Purmerland and Ilpendam. <SEP> In the Low Countries, stadtholder (Dutch: "stadhouder" , ] ), is an office of steward, designated a medieval official and then a national leader. <SEP> John IV of Egmont (or Egmond) (1499, Egmond aan den Hoef – April 1528, near Ferrara) was second Count of Egmont, Lord of Hoogwoud, Aartswoud and Baer, and tenth Lord of Purmerend, Purmerland and Ilpendam.
Question: What year did the country music duo composed of sisters Janis Oliver and Kristine Arnold second album come out?

 The top songs included "Satisfy You" and "Blue to the Bone," which both hit #5 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart. Sweethearts of the Rodeo's second album, One Time, One Night, came out in 1988 and continued on the success of their first.  A cover of the Beatles's "I Feel Fine" rose to #9, while "If I Never See Midnight Again" could only manage a #39 ranking.  Other notable tunes include "You Never Talk Sweet" and a cover of an Everly Brothers song, "So Sad (To Watch Good Love Go Bad)." <SEP> Turner Nichols was an American country music duo composed of singer-songwriters Zack Turner and Tim Nichols.  Signed to BNA Records in 1993, the duo recorded a self-titled debut album for the label that year, with two of that album's singles charting on the "Billboard" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts.  Although it was their only recording together, both members of the duo wrote several songs together in the 1990s, including hit singles for Keith Whitley and Jo Dee Messina. <SEP> A Drink and a Quick Decision is the second album from British duo Grand National.  The album was first released as a digital download on 18 June 2007, then released on CD and 12" vinyl 11 September 2007 in the US, and 8 March 2008 in the UK.  The US edition of the album comes with the bonus track "Old Man," a Neil Young cover, a music video by Steven Compton for "Old Man" consisting mostly of the band recording the song, and an enhanced video of "By the Time I Get Home There Won't Be Much of a Place for Me."  Meanwhile, the UK CD, Japanese CD, and vinyl pressings of the album come with the song "Pieces Pieces," and the UK version does not include "Old Man." <SEP> Sweethearts of the Rodeo is an American country music duo composed of sisters Janis Oliver (guitar, vocals) and Kristine Arnold (née Oliver) (vocals).  The duo recorded for Columbia Records between 1986 and 1991, releasing four albums and twelve singles for the label.  During the 1990s, they also recorded two albums for Sugar Hill Records.  The duo reached Top Ten on the Hot Country Songs chart seven times in the late 1980s, with their highest-charting singles being the No. 4 hits "Midnight Girl/Sunset Town" and "Chains of Gold", both in 1987.
Question: Which director is best known for working with film, Charles Crichton or Kinka Usher?

 Born in Wallasey, Cheshire, he became best known for directing many comedies produced at Ealing Studios and had a 40-year career editing and directing many films and television programmes. Charles Ainslie Crichton (6 August 1910 – 14 September 1999) was an English film director and editor.  For the acclaimed comedy "A Fish Called Wanda" (1988), Crichton was nominated for both the Academy Award for Best Director and the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay (along with the film's star John Cleese). <SEP> Kinka Usher is a director of television commercials.  He also directed the 1999 feature film "Mystery Men". <SEP> Michael Hertzberg is an American assistant director, writer, and film producer best known for his work with director Mel Brooks.  Hertzberg was extremely influential on Brooks, having started working for Brooks as an assistant director on Brook's first film "The Producers", and going on to produce several of Brooks' early films including box office hits, "Blazing Saddles" and "Silent Movie".  "Blazing Saddles" was awarded the #6 slot on the American Film Institute's list of Top 100 comedy films of all time.  Hertzberg started working as an assistant director in commercials, television and feature films.  He was the first assistant director to Frank Perry on the hit cult film, "The Swimmer", starring Burt Lancaster. <SEP> Painted Boats (US titles The Girl on the Canal or The Girl of the Canal) is a black-and-white British film directed by Charles Crichton and released by Ealing Studios in 1945.  "Painted Boats", one of the lesser-known Ealing films of the period, is brief (63 minutes long), uses a little-known cast and has a slight storyline.  It is however considered significant by waterways enthusiasts as a fictionalised documentary, providing a rare extensive filmic depiction of a long-gone way of life on England's working canal system in the 1940s.  The narration was by Louis MacNeice, including some verse specially written to suit the onscreen action, most notably the sequence in which the narrow boat is being 'legged' through one of the tunnels.
Question: Are both Médée and Gianni Schicchi comic operas?

This is a list of the recordings of Gianni Schicchi, the third of a group of three one-act operas by Giacomo Puccini collectively known as "Il trittico"; the other operas are "Il tabarro" and "Suor Angelica".  The three were premiered at the Metropolitan Opera on 14 December 1918, and for the next three years were always played together.  After 1921, however, Puccini agreed that the operas could be performed separately. " Gianni Schicchi" became the most popular and most frequently performed of the three, often paired with other works such as Maurice Ravel's "L'heure espagnole" and Richard Strauss's "Salome". <SEP> Médée is a French language opéra-comique by Luigi Cherubini. <SEP> Ernesto Badini (born San Colombano al Lambro, 14 September 1876; died Milan, 6 July 1937) was an Italian opera singer that sang in the baritone range.  He was trained at Milan Conservatory and made his debut as Matteo (in "Frà Diavolo") at Lodi's Teatro Gaffurio in 1896.  Badini was a regular performer at Milan's La Scala and achieved his greatest success in the comic role of Puccini's Gianni Schicchi. <SEP> Gianni Schicchi (] ) is a comic opera in one act by Giacomo Puccini to an Italian libretto by Giovacchino Forzano, composed in 1917–18.  The libretto is based on an incident mentioned in Dante's "Divine Comedy".  The work is the third and final part of Puccini's "Il trittico" (The Triptych)—three one-act operas with contrasting themes, originally written to be presented together.  Although it continues to be performed with one or both of the other "trittico" operas, "Gianni Schicchi" is now more frequently staged either alone or with short operas by other composers.  The aria "O mio babbino caro" is one of Puccini's best known, and one of the most popular arias in opera.