Question: Where is the great wall located in the country where the meteorologist described the process of evaporation?

Several walls were being built as early as the 7th century BC; these, later joined together and made bigger and stronger, are collectively referred to as the Great Wall. Especially famous is the wall built in 220 -- 206 BC by Qin Shi Huang, the first Emperor of China. The Great Wall of China is a series of fortifications made of stone, brick, tamped earth, wood, and other materials, generally built along an east - to - west line across the historical northern borders of China to protect the Chinese states and empires against the raids and invasions of the various nomadic groups of the Eurasian Steppe with an eye to expansion. Little of that wall remains. The Great Wall has been rebuilt, maintained, and enhanced over various dynasties; the majority of the existing wall is from the Ming Dynasty (1368 -- 1644). <SEP> the western wall is considered holy due to its connection to the temple mount. because of the temple mount entry restrictions, the wall is the holiest place where jews are permitted to pray, though the holiest site in the jewish faith lies behind it. the original, natural, and irregular - shaped temple mount was gradually extended to allow for an ever - larger temple compound to be built at its top. this process was finalised by herod, who enclosed the mount with an almost rectangular set of retaining walls, built to support extensive substructures and earth fills needed to give the natural hill a geometrically regular shape. on top of this box - like structure herod built a vast paved esplanade which surrounded the temple. of the four retaining walls, the western one is considered to be closest to the former temple, which makes it the most sacred site recognised by judaism outside the former temple mount esplanade. just over half the wall's total height, including its 17 courses located below street level, dates from the end of the second temple period, and is commonly believed to have been built around 19 bce by herod the great, although recent excavations indicate that the work was not finished by the time herod died in 4 bce. the very large stone blocks of the lower courses are herodian, the courses of medium - sized stones above them were added during the umayyad era, while the small stones of the uppermost courses are of more recent date, especially from the ottoman period. <SEP> a system akin to the bessemer process has existed since the 11th century in east asia. economic historian robert hartwell writes that the chinese of the song dynasty innovated a ``partial decarbonization ''method of repeated forging of cast iron under a cold blast. sinologist joseph needham and historian of metallurgy theodore a. wertime have described the method as a predecessor to the bessemer process of making steel. this process was first described by the prolific scholar and polymath government official shen kuo (1031 -- 1095) in 1075, when he visited cizhou. hartwell states that perhaps the earliest center where this was practiced was the great iron - production district along the henan -- hebei border during the 11th century. <SEP> Wang Chong (; 27 – c. 100 AD), courtesy name Zhongren (仲任), was a Chinese meteorologist, astronomer, and philosopher active during the Han Dynasty. He developed a rational, secular, naturalistic and mechanistic account of the world and of human beings and gave a materialistic explanation of the origin of the universe. This book contained many theories involving early sciences of astronomy and meteorology, and Wang Chong was even the first in Chinese history to mention the use of the square-pallet chain pump, which became common in irrigation and public works in China thereafter. His main work was the "Lunheng" (論衡, "Critical Essays"). Wang also accurately described the process of the water cycle. <SEP> Han-era astronomers adopted a geocentric model of the universe, theorizing that it was shaped like a sphere surrounding the earth in the center. They assumed that the Sun, Moon, and planets were spherical and not disc-shaped. Although others disagreed with his model, Wang Chong accurately described the water cycle of the evaporation of water into clouds. They also thought that the illumination of the Moon and planets was caused by sunlight, that lunar eclipses occurred when the Earth obstructed sunlight falling onto the Moon, and that a solar eclipse occurred when the Moon obstructed sunlight from reaching the Earth.