Question: This Republic, established in 1581 and the focus of The Secret Treaty of Dover, contained how many provinces?

The Dutch Republic, also known as the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands ("Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden "), Republic of the United Netherlands, Republic of the Seven United Provinces ("Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Provinciën "), the United Provinces ("Verenigde Provinciën "), Seven Provinces ("Zeven Provinciën "), Federated Dutch Provinces ("Foederatae Belgii Provinciae "), or the Dutch Federation ("Belgica Foederata ") was a republic in Europe existing from 1581, when part of the Netherlands separated from Spanish rule, until 1795.  It preceded the Batavian Republic, the Kingdom of Holland, the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, and ultimately the modern Kingdom of the Netherlands. <SEP> The Eighty Years' War (Dutch: "Tachtigjarige Oorlog" ; Spanish: "Guerra de los Ochenta Años" ) or Dutch War of Independence (1568–1648) was a revolt of the Seventeen Provinces of what are today the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg, as well as the French region of Hauts-de-France against the political and religious hegemony of Philip II of Spain, the sovereign of the Habsburg Netherlands.  After the initial stages, Philip II deployed his armies and regained control over most of the rebelling provinces.  Under the leadership of the exiled William the Silent, the northern provinces continued their resistance.  They eventually were able to oust the Habsburg armies, and in 1581 they established the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands.  The war continued in other areas, although the heartland of the republic was no longer threatened; this included the beginnings of the Dutch Colonial Empire, which at the time were conceived as carrying overseas the war with Spain.  After a 12-year truce, hostilities broke out again around 1619, which can be said to coincide with the Thirty Years' War.  An end was reached in 1648 with the Peace of Münster (a treaty part of the Peace of Westphalia), when the Dutch Republic was recognised as an independent country (though the fact of its being such was evident long before). <SEP> In Canada, driver's licences are issued by the government of the province or territory in which the driver is residing.  Thus, specific regulations relating to driver's licences vary province to province, though overall they are quite similar.  All provinces have provisions allowing non-residents to use licences issued by other provinces and territories, out-of-country licences, and International Driving Permits.  Many provinces also allow non-residents to use regular licences issued by other nations and countries.  Canadian driver's licences are also valid in many other countries due to various international agreements and treaties. <SEP> The Treaty of Dover, also known as the Secret Treaty of Dover, was a treaty between England and France signed at Dover on 1 June 1670.  In exchange, Charles would secretly receive a yearly pension of £230,000, as well as an extra sum of money when Charles informed the English people of his conversion, and France would send 6,000 French troops if there was ever a rebellion against Charles in England.  The secret treaty was signed by Arlington, Arundell, Clifford and Bellings for England and Colbert de Croissy for France.  Both kings exchanged letters of ratification and kept secret the existence of the treaty, A public treaty of Dover was also negotiated, but it was a fake designed for propaganda and to hide the religious dimension of the secret treaty.  The Third Anglo-Dutch War was a direct consequence of this treaty.  It required that Charles II of England would convert to the Roman Catholic Church and assist Louis XIV with 60 warships to help and 4000 soldiers in France's war of conquest against the Dutch Republic.  The actual treaty was published by historians a century later.