winkelee/scaling-down huggingface dataset:
Question: What type of media does In the Basement and Feiyu Show have in common?

A Pittsburgh toilet, often called a "Pittsburgh potty", is a common fixture in pre-World War II houses built in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.  It consists of an ordinary flush toilet installed in the basement, with no surrounding walls.  As Pittsburgh was historically an industrial town, still called "The Steel City," toilets such as these could be used by steelworkers and miners: grimy from the day's labor, they could use an exterior door to enter the basement directly from outside and use the basement's shower and toilet before heading upstairs.  Most of these toilets are paired with a crude basement shower apparatus and large sink, which often doubles as a laundry basin.  Also, because western Pennsylvania is a steep topographical zone, many basements have their own entryway, allowing homeowners to enter from their yard or garage, cleanse themselves promptly in their basement, and then ascend their basement stairs refreshed. <SEP> In the Basement ("Im Keller") is a 2014 Austrian documentary film directed by Ulrich Seidl about people and their obsessions, and what they do in their basements in their free time.  It was part of the Out of Competition section at the 71st Venice International Film Festival. <SEP> Feiyu Show () is a 2014 Chinese documentary film directed by Sun Hong.  It was released in China on October 23, 2014. <SEP> Diffuse proliferative nephritis (DPN) or glomerulonephritis (DPGN) is a type of glomerulonephritis that is the most serious form of renal lesions in SLE and is also the most common, occurring in 35% to 60% of patients.  Most of the glomeruli show endothelial and mesangial proliferation affecting the entire glomerulus, leading to diffuse hypercellularity of the glomeruli, producing in some cases epithelial crescents that fill Bowman's space.  When extensive, immune complexes create an overall thickening of the capillary wall, resembling rigid "wire loops" on routine light microscopy.  Electron microscopy reveals electron-dense subendothelial immune complexes (between endothelium and basement membrane).  Immune complexes can be visualized by staining with fluorescent antibodies directed against immunoglobulins or complement, resulting in a granular fluorescent staining pattern.  In due course, glomerular injury gives rise to scarring (glomerulosclerosis).  Most of these patients have hematuria with moderate to severe proteinuria, hypertension, and renal insufficiency.
Question: When was the university, which the American paleontologist and geologist known for the discovery of Dreadnoughtus, founded?

Rudolf Ruedemann (October 16, 1864–June 18, 1956) was a German American paleontologist, widely known as an expert in graptolites, enigmatic fossil animals.  He worked at the New York State Museum for over 40 years, including a decade as State Paleontologist of New York.  and was elected to the U.S. National Academy of Sciences in 1928.  Born in Georgenthal, Germany, he was educated in Europe, earning a PhD in 1887 from the University of Jena (Ph.D., 1887), and a second doctorate in 1889 from France's University of Strasbourg where he was an assistant in geology from 1887 to 1892.  He emigrated to the United States in 1892 and taught at the high schools of Lowville and Dolgeville, New York for several years before joining the State Museum in 1899, where he worked for the remainder of his career.  Although his primary interests were in graptolites he also made contributions to other areas of invertebrate paleontology, describing new species of fossil corals, eurypterids ("sea scorpions"), trilobites, and cephalopods. <SEP> Charles Doolittle Walcott (March 31, 1850 – February 9, 1927) was an American paleontologist, administrator of the Smithsonian Institution from 1907 to 1927, and geologist.  He is famous for his discovery in 1909 of well-preserved fossils in the Burgess Shale of British Columbia, Canada, see history of the Burgess Shale.  He was described by Stephen Jay Gould as "the finest symbol that I have ever encountered for the embodiment of conventional beliefs." <SEP> Rowan University is a public research university in Glassboro, New Jersey, United States, with a satellite campus in Camden, New Jersey.  The school was founded in 1923 as Glassboro Normal School on a twenty-five acre site donated by the town.  The school became New Jersey State Teachers College at Glassboro in the 1930s, and Glassboro State College in 1958.  Starting in the 1970s, it grew into a multi-purpose institution, adding programs in business, communications, and engineering. <SEP>  Lacovara is the founder of the Edelman Fossil Park of Rowan University in Mantua Township, New Jersey and a TED speaker.  He is author of the general-audience book, Why Dinosaurs Matter (2017) (Simon & Schuster/TED Books).  Additionally, he serves as Paleontology Fellow of the Academy of Natural Sciences. Kenneth J. Lacovara is an American paleontologist and geologist at Rowan University and fellow of the Explorers Club, known for the discovery of the titanosaurian dinosaur "Dreadnoughtus" and his involvement in the discovery and naming of the giant sauropod dinosaur "Paralititan", as well as his work applying 3D printing technology to paleontology.
Question: What English writer born in 1812 was a schoolfellow of Henry Sewell Stokes?

Henry Sewell Stokes (1808–1895) was a British poet.  His great nephew, Sewell Stokes, was a novelist, biographer and playwright.  The Cornish poet was a schoolfellow of Charles Dickens; later literary friends included Tennyson and Robert Stephen Hawker. <SEP>  He created some of the world's best-known fictional characters and is regarded by many as the greatest novelist of the Victorian era.  His works enjoyed unprecedented popularity during his lifetime, and by the 20th century critics and scholars had recognised him as a literary genius.  His novels and short stories enjoy lasting popularity. Charles John Huffam Dickens ( ; 7 February 1812 – 9 June 1870) was an English writer and social critic. <SEP> William Henry Sewell (23 January 1804–14 November 1874), English divine and author helped to found two public schools along High Anglican lines.  A devout churchman, learned scholar, and reforming schoolmaster, Sewell was strongly influenced by the Tractarians.  Born on the Newport, Isle of Wight, the second son of a solicitor and Fellow of The Queen's College, Oxford he had six brothers, four of whom became national figures.  Richard Clarke Sewell was a recognised poet, legal writer and Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford.  Henry Sewell worked in the family firm before emigrating to become Premier of New Zealand.  James Edwards Sewell was Warden of New College, Oxford (1860-1903).  Elizabeth Sewell wrote devotional religious books and children's stories.  She founded Ventnor St Boniface School for girls. <SEP> Francis Martin Sewell Stokes (16 November 1902, London – 2 November 1979, London) was an English novelist, biographer, playwright, screenwriter, broadcaster and prison visitor.  He collaborated on a number of occasions with his brother, Leslie Stokes, an actor and later in life a BBC radio producer, with whom he shared a flat for many years overlooking the British Museum.  It was here that Sewell Stokes did much of his writing in the Reading Room, used by so many distinguished writers over the years.
Question: Are Gary T. Smith and Kiyoshi Kurosawa both directors?

 Although he has worked in a variety of genres, Kurosawa is best known for his many contributions to the Japanese horror genre. Kiyoshi Kurosawa (黒沢 清 , Kurosawa Kiyoshi , born July 19, 1955) is a Japanese film director, screenwriter, film critic and a professor at Tokyo University of the Arts. <SEP> Cure (キュア , Kyua ) is a 1997 Japanese psychological thriller film with elements of horror and film noir written and directed by Kiyoshi Kurosawa, starring Koji Yakusho, Masato Hagiwara, Tsuyoshi Ujiki and Anna Nakagawa.  The film was released to strong critical acclaim in both the East and the West, with critics praising Kurosawa's direction as well as the visuals and atmosphere.  In 2012, South Korean film director Bong Joon-ho listed the film as one of the greatest films of all time. <SEP> A horror icon is a person or fictional character that is considered to be significant to one or more genres of horror such as film, literature, or video games.  Examples of people considered to be horror icons include directors Stephen King, Kiyoshi Kurosawa, Roger Corman, and Wes Craven, and actors Vincent Price, Barbara Steele, Lon Chaney and Lon Chaney, Jr., Boris Karloff, Bela Lugosi, Robert Englund, Tony Todd, Tim Curry, Brad Dourif, and Christopher Lee.  Fictional horror icon characters include such as Dracula, Gill-man, Frankenstein's monster, Michael Myers, Freddy Krueger, Jason Voorhees, Chucky, Candyman, Leatherface, Pennywise the Dancing Clown, Pinhead, and The Mummy. <SEP> Gary T. Smith (born October 30, 1954) is an American screenwriter, actor, and film and television director.  A native of Atlanta, Georgia, he is descended from a long line of Georgians, dating back before the Civil War.  He was raised in a typical middle-class family of the 1950s and 60s, his father an executive in the baking industry and his mother a stay-at-home mom.  He has drawn on this heritage as inspiration for his films.
Question: The actor in television show The Amazing Spider Man is known for his role as Friedrich Von Trapp in which film

Angela Margaret Cartwright (born September 9, 1952) is an English-born American actress primarily known for her roles in movies and television.  Cartwright is best known as a child actress for her role as Brigitta Von Trapp in the Academy Award winning film "The Sound of Music" (1965).  On television, she played Linda Williams, the stepdaughter of Danny Williams (played by Danny Thomas) in the 1950s TV series "The Danny Thomas Show", and Penny Robinson, in the 1960s television series "Lost in Space".  Her older sister is actress Veronica Cartwright. <SEP>  It was directed by Ron Satlof, written by Robert Janes and stars Nicholas Hammond as the titular character, Rosalind Chao, Robert F. Simon, Benson Fong, and Ellen Bry. Spider-Man: The Dragon's Challenge is a 1979 American live-action made-for-television superhero film that had a theatrical release abroad, a composite of the two-parter episode "The Chinese Web" of the contemporary television show "The Amazing Spider-Man", released, theatrically, on 9 May 1981.  The film was preceded by "Spider-Man" (1977) and "Spider-Man Strikes Back". <SEP> Nicholas Hammond (born May 15, 1950) is an American-born Australian actor and writer who is perhaps best known for his roles as Friedrich von Trapp in the film "The Sound of Music", and as Peter Parker/Spider-Man on the CBS television series "The Amazing Spider-Man". <SEP> John Pritchett (born March 29, 1947) is an American sound engineer for film.  He has been nominated for two Academy Awards in the category Best Sound for the films "The Road to Perdition" and "Memoirs of a Geisha".  He was nominated for two Cinema Audio Society Awards, winning best sound on "The Road to Perdition".  He was also nominated for a BAFTA Award for his work on "There Will Be Blood".  He has worked on over 100 films and television series since 1981, and is known for his work on such films as "Dirty Dancing," "Magnolia, There Will Be Blood" and "The Amazing Spider Man."
Question: Were both Louis Zukofsky and Melinda Haynes known for their poetry?

Melinda Haynes (born 1955) is an American novelist.  She grew up in Hattiesburg, Mississippi.  For much of her adult life she was a painter.  In 1999, she wrote her first published novel, "Mother of Pearl", while living in a mobile home in Grand Bay, Alabama.  Melinda Haynes currently resides in Mobile, Alabama with her husband, Ray.  Her writing is intimately connected with the Mississippi of the 1950s and the 1960s. <SEP> Barton Ford Haynes is an American physician and immunologist internationally recognized for work in T-cell immunology, retrovirology and HIV vaccine development.  Haynes is a Frederic M. Hanes Professor of Medicine and Immunology at Duke University Medical Center.  He is the Director of the Duke Human Vaccine Institute and the Duke Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery (CHAVI-ID), which was funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) in 2012.  In addition, Haynes directs the B-cell Lineage Envelope Design Study, the Centralized Envelope Phase I Study, and the Role of IgA in HIV-1 Protection Study as part of the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD), which was funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation in 2006. <SEP> The Wedge is a 1944 book of poems by American modernist writer and poet William Carlos Williams.  He assembled this collection in response to requests from American servicemen during World War II for a pocket-sized collection of his work to take into deployment with them.  Despite the poet's inquiries and the nature of the requests that prompted him to approach them, several publishers rejected "The Wedge".  Their grounds for doing so were a perceived lack of literary quality and wartime shortages.  The book was eventually handset printed by Henry Duncan and Wightman Williams at Cummington Press and bound surreptitiously on the premises and at the expense of one of the publishers who had previously rejected it.  The book is dedicated to poet Louis Zukofsky, who helped Williams revise and rearrange the poems for publication. <SEP> Louis Zukofsky (January 23, 1904 – May 12, 1978) was an American poet.  He was one of the founders and the primary theorist of the Objectivist group of poets and thus an important influence on subsequent generations of poets in America and abroad.
Question: Are Will.i.am and Chris Daughtry both American?

Daughtry is the self-titled debut studio album by American rock band Daughtry, the band formed and fronted by "American Idol" fifth season finalist Chris Daughtry.  It was released on November 21, 2006, by RCA Records.  The album is the fastest selling debut rock album in Soundscan history and the band's best-selling album. <SEP>  After his elimination from "Idol", he was given a record deal by RCA Records and formed a band called Daughtry with bassist Julia Driscoll of notorious adult contemporary band, "Adults In The Middle Of The Street." Christopher Adam Daughtry (born December 26, 1979) is an American singer, songwriter, musician and actor best known as the lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist for the rock band Daughtry and as the fourth-place contestant on the fifth season of "American Idol".  Their self-titled debut album became the fastest selling debut rock album in Nielsen Soundscan history, selling more than one million copies after just five weeks of release.  The album was recorded before the band was officially formed, making Chris Daughtry the only official member present on the album. <SEP> This is the discography of American rock band Daughtry.  The band was created following the participation of singer Chris Daughtry in the fifth season of "American Idol" and has so far released four studio albums and an EP. <SEP> William James Adams (born March 15, 1975), better known by his stage name will.i.am (pronounced "will-i-am"), is an American musician, rapper, singer, songwriter, DJ, record producer, entrepreneur, actor, and philanthropist.  He is best known as a founding member of the hip hop group The Black Eyed Peas (often abbreviated as "BEP").
Question: What number Beastie Boys album had the hit song Get It Together on it?

Destroy 2 (sometimes called Eye & Chew) was a short-lived Japanese noise rock band.  Consisting of only two members, Yamantaka Eye of Boredoms (vocals) and Chew Hasegawa of Corrupted (drums), they released one infamous recording in 1996 called "We Are Voice and Rhythm Only".  This was actually a live recording of a concert in Osaka done as a support for Brutal Truth on their Japanese tour in February 1995.  Running for little over 10 minutes, it nevertheless features 48 songs, the longest of which is "24H?"  (39 seconds).  Note that the song running times also include audience cheering and an introduction ("Next song is...") by Eye at the beginning and Eye's obligatory cry of "Fankoo!"  ("Thank you") at the end.  Apart from that, the songs consist mostly of Chew attacking his drum set and Eye screaming the track titles in Engrish at the top of his lungs, generally creating a lot of feedback (which is sometimes mistaken for guitars).  The album also includes two cover versions: "Beastie Boys" (from the early Beastie Boys EP "Pollywog Stew") and "Nazi Punks Fuck Off! " (originally by Dead Kennedys), although the vocals of these have been sped up somewhat (and the songs reduced to one verse and one chorus) to fit into 18 and 17 seconds, respectively. <SEP> "Get It Together" is a song by American hip-hop group the Beastie Boys, released as the second single from their fourth studio album "Ill Communication".  The album version of the song features rapper Q-Tip of A Tribe Called Quest, but not the single version. <SEP> "Brass Monkey" is a song by the New York rap group Beastie Boys.  It was a single released from their first album "Licensed to Ill".  It is also on the Beastie Boys' compilation album "Solid Gold Hits".  It samples "Bring It Here" by Wild Sugar.  The song features the Roland TR-808 drum machine. <SEP>  It was released on May 31, 1994 by Grand Royal Records. Ill Communication is the fourth studio album by American hip hop group Beastie Boys.  Co-produced by Beastie Boys and Mario C., the album is among the band's most varied releases, drawing from hip hop, punk rock, jazz and funk.  As with their prior release "Check Your Head", this album continues the band's trend away from sampling and towards live instruments.
Question: Which conference does the team that Zac Diles played for in college compete in?

Massachusetts Institute of Technology's intercollegiate sports teams, called the "MIT Engineers", compete mostly in NCAA Division III.  Most of the school's sports compete in the New England Women's and Men's Athletic Conference (NEWMAC), with sports not sponsored by the NEWMAC housed in several other conferences.  The football team, which had competed in the New England Football Conference through the 2016 season, will join the bulk of MIT's sports in the NEWMAC in 2017, when that conference begins sponsoring football.  One MIT sport, women's rowing, competes in Division I in the Eastern Association of Women's Rowing Colleges (EAWRC).  Men's water polo, a sport in which the NCAA holds a single national championship for all three of its divisions, competes in the Collegiate Water Polo Association (CWPA) alongside Division I and Division II members.  Three sports compete outside of NCAA governance: men's rowing competes in the Eastern Association of Rowing Colleges (EARC), sailing in the New England Intercollegiate Sailing Association of ICSA and squash in the College Squash Association.  In April 2009, budget cuts led to MIT's eliminating eight of its 41 sports, including the mixed men's and women's teams in alpine skiing and pistol; separate teams for men and women in ice hockey and gymnastics; and men's programs in golf and wrestling. <SEP>  The program is classified in the NCAA Division I Bowl Subdivision (FBS), and the team competes in the Big 12 Conference. The Kansas State Wildcats football program (variously Kansas State, K-State, or KSU) is the intercollegiate football program of the Kansas State University Wildcats. <SEP>  He played college football at Kansas State. Zachary Lee Diles (born June 11, 1985) is a former American football linebacker.  He was drafted by the Houston Texans in the seventh round of the 2007 NFL Draft. <SEP> The Providence Friars is the name of the athletic teams of Providence College.  They compete in the Big East Conference (NCAA Division I) for every sport except for ice hockey, where they compete in Hockey East.  The Big East Conference was founded in 1979 by former athletic director and men's basketball coach Dave Gavitt.  On December 15, 2012, Providence and the other seven Catholic, non-FBS schools announced that they were departing the Big East for a new conference; on March 7, 2013, it was officially confirmed that Providence's new conference would operate under the Big East name.  The women's volleyball team, which had been an associate member of the America East Conference before the Big East split, remained in that conference for one more season before joining the Big East for the 2014 season.
Question: The Shipman Inquiry was a report into the activities of the serial killer who was found guilty of how many murders?

Dame Janet Hilary Smith, DBE (born 29 November 1940), styled The Rt Hon. Lady Justice Smith, is an English judge and former High Court Judge and President of the Council of The Inns of Court.  She is perhaps best known as the judge who prepared "The Shipman Inquiry", a report on the activities of the British serial killer Harold Shipman.  On 21 November 2002, Smith became the fourth woman to be promoted to the Court of Appeal, but has since retired from that role. <SEP> Harold Frederick Shipman (14 January 1946 – 13 January 2004) was a British general practitioner and one of the most prolific serial killers in recorded history.  On 31 January 2000, a jury found Shipman guilty of fifteen murders for killing patients under his care.  He was sentenced to life imprisonment with the recommendation that he never be released. <SEP> Harold Shipman: Doctor Death is a 2002 ITV television drama about the life and crimes of serial killer Harold Shipman.  Starring James Bolam in the role of Shipman, the programme was directed by Roger Bamford and written by Michael Eaton.  Broadcast on July 9, 2002, the programme attracted a viewing audience of 7.37 million.  The programme was released on DVD on July 15, 2013 by Strawberry Media, in association with ITV. <SEP>  Shipman was caught in 1998 and the inquiry commenced after his trial in 2000.  It released its findings in various stages, with its sixth and final report being released on 27 January 2005. The Shipman Inquiry was the report produced by a British governmental investigation into the activities of general practitioner and serial killer Harold Shipman.  It was chaired by Dame Janet Smith DBE.
Question: The OFAB-100-120 is a bomb that can be carried on what twin-engine jetcraft?

 It was designed to provide close air support for the Soviet Ground Forces.  The first prototype made its maiden flight on 22 February 1975.  After testing, the aircraft went into series production in 1978 at Tbilisi in the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic. The Sukhoi Su-25 "Grach" (Russian: Грач ("rook"); NATO reporting name: Frogfoot) is a single-seat, twin-engine jet aircraft developed in the Soviet Union by Sukhoi. <SEP> The Lewes bomb was a blast-incendiary field expedient explosive device, manufactured by mixing diesel oil and Nobel 808 plastic explosive.  It was created by Lieutenant Jock Lewes, one of the original members of L Detachment SAS in 1941.  The SAS needed a combined incendiary and explosive device light enough to be carried by a small group of commandos yet powerful enough to destroy and set fire to aircraft on an enemy airfield.  Weighing approximately 1 lb , the Lewes Bomb could be carried in quantity by an individual. <SEP> The OFAB-100-120 is a small bomb can be carried on Sukhoi Su-17, Sukhoi Su-25 and Sukhoi Su-30 aircraft. <SEP> A Butterfly Bomb (or Sprengbombe Dickwandig 2 kg or SD2) was a German 2 kilogram anti-personnel submunition used by the Luftwaffe during the Second World War.  It was so named because the thin cylindrical metal outer shell which hinged open when the bomblet deployed gave it the superficial appearance of a large butterfly.  The design was very distinctive and easy to recognise.  SD2 bomblets were not dropped individually, but were packed into containers holding between 6 and 108 submunitions e.g. the AB 23 SD-2 and AB 250-3 submunition dispensers.  The SD2 submunitions were released after the container was released from the aircraft and had burst open.  Because SD2s were always dropped in groups (never individually) the discovery of one unexploded SD2 was a reliable indication that others had been dropped nearby.  This bomb type was one of the first cluster bombs ever used in combat and it proved to be a highly effective weapon.  The bomb containers that carried the SD2 bomblets and released them in the air were nicknamed the "Devil's Eggs" by Luftwaffe air and ground crew.
Question: Were Russell Hoban and Nathalie Sarraute both writers?

 His works span many genres, including fantasy, science fiction, mainstream fiction, magical realism, poetry, and children's books. Russell Conwell Hoban (February 4, 1925 – December 13, 2011) was an American expatriate writer. <SEP> Lucette Finas (born July 13, 1921) is a French author and essayist, part of the structuralist movement.  She has published several articles relating interviews with French scholars and philosophers in the 1970s, like writers Nathalie Sarraute, philosopher and historian Michel Foucault or philosopher Jacques Derrida. <SEP> Alain Robbe-Grillet (] ; 18 August 1922 – 18 February 2008) was a French writer and filmmaker.  He was one of the figures most associated with the "Nouveau Roman" (new novel) trend of the 1960s, along with Nathalie Sarraute, Michel Butor and Claude Simon.  Alain Robbe-Grillet was elected a member of the Académie française on 25 March 2004, succeeding Maurice Rheims at seat No. 32.  He was married to Catherine Robbe-Grillet (née Rstakian). <SEP> Nathalie Sarraute (] ; July 18, 1900 – October 19, 1999) was a French lawyer and writer.
Question: Wim Schuhmacher is mostly associated with a genre sometimes called what ?

Edward Lachman, A.S.C. (born March 31, 1948) is an American cinematographer and director.  Lachman is mostly associated with the American independent film movement, and has served as director of photography on films by Todd Haynes (including "Far From Heaven" in 2002, which earned Lachman an Academy Award nomination), Ulrich Seidl, Wim Wenders, Steven Soderbergh and Paul Schrader.  His other work includes Werner Herzog's "La Soufrière" (1977), "Desperately Seeking Susan" (1985), Sofia Coppola's directorial debut, "The Virgin Suicides" (1999), Robert Altman's last picture "A Prairie Home Companion" (2006), and Todd Solondz's "Life During Wartime" (2009).  He is a member of the American Society of Cinematographers. <SEP>  It is sometimes called fabulism, in reference to the conventions of fables, myths, and allegory. Magical realism, magic realism, or marvelous realism is a genre of narrative fiction and, more broadly, art (literature, painting, film, theatre, etc.) that, while encompassing a range of subtly different concepts, expresses a primarily realistic view of the real world while also adding or revealing magical elements.  "Magical realism", perhaps the most common term, often refers to fiction and literature in particular, with magic or the supernatural presented in an otherwise real-world or mundane setting. <SEP>  He is mostly associated with Magic realism. Wijtze Gerrit Carel (Wim) Schuhmacher or Schumacher (28 Feb 1894, Amsterdam - 5 June 1986, Amsterdam) was a Dutch painter and designer. <SEP> Stridulation is the act of producing sound by rubbing together certain body parts.  This behavior is mostly associated with insects, but other animals are known to do this as well, such as a number of species of fish, snakes and spiders.  The mechanism is typically that of one structure with a well-defined lip, ridge, or nodules (the "scraper" or plectrum) being moved across a finely-ridged surface (the "file" or stridulitrum—sometimes called the pars stridens) or vice versa, and vibrating as it does so, like the dragging of a phonograph needle across a vinyl record.  Sometimes it is the structure bearing the file which resonates to produce the sound, but in other cases it is the structure bearing the scraper, with both variants possible in related groups.  Common onomatopoeic words for the sounds produced by stridulation include chirp and chirrup.
Question: Jules Flandrin was a contemporary of what famous French painter known for work associated with Fauvism and Expressionism?

Jules Flandrin (1871-1947) was a French painter, printer and draughtsman.  He was a pupil of Gustave Moreau.  He was a contemporary of Henri Matisse, Georges Rouault, Albert Marquet, Henri Evenepoel and Léon Printemps.  He became somewhat famous for being fairly conformist early in his career but later in life he made more emotional and less widely known art.  His experiences during World War I shaped the rest of his life and artistic career.  He was awarded the Légion d'honneur in 1912. <SEP> Georges Braque ( ; ] ; 13 May 1882 – 31 August 1963) was a major 20th-century French painter, collagist, draughtsman, printmaker and sculptor.  His most important contributions to the history of art were in his alliance with Fauvism from 1906, and the role he played in the development of Cubism.  Braque’s work between 1908 and 1912 is closely associated with that of his colleague Pablo Picasso.  Their respective Cubist works were indistinguishable for many years, yet the quiet nature of Braque was partially eclipsed by the fame and notoriety of Picasso. <SEP> The unofficial art mouvement of "Fauvism" (Fauves is the French word for "wild beasts").  Henri Matisse (1869-1954) was the leader of the small group, with other major artists including André Derain (1880-1954) and maurice de Vlaminick (1876-1958).  The mouvement was never made official with documents signed by members of a list of criteria in order for work to be considered Fauvism, but it was simply a small group of mainly French painters who used brilliant colour and unexpected brushstrokes, similar to the German Expressionism mouvement.  Matisse created the Fauve style after experimenting with post-impressionistic painters, such as Gauguin, Cézanne and Van Gogh, as well as the NEo-impressionism of Cross, Signac, and Seurat.  All these painters inspired Matisse to reject 3D uses of spaces and use colour and mouvement to create 2D planes of space. <SEP> Georges Henri Rouault (] ; 27 May 1871 – 13 February 1958) was a French painter, draughtsman, and printer, whose work is often associated with Fauvism and Expressionism.
Question: Which university is private, Vanderbilt University or University of Oklahoma?

 Founded in 1873, it was named in honor of shipping and rail magnate Cornelius Vanderbilt, who provided the school its initial $1 million endowment despite having never been to the South.  Vanderbilt hoped that his gift and the greater work of the university would help to heal the sectional wounds inflicted by the Civil War. Vanderbilt University (also known informally as Vandy) is a private research university located in Nashville, Tennessee. <SEP> Vanderbilt University School of Nursing (VUSN) is one of the graduate schools of Vanderbilt University, located in Nashville, Tennessee.  VUSN enjoys a close relationship with its university parent and with the separate nonprofit Vanderbilt University Medical Center, known for its highly acclaimed teaching hospital and groundbreaking efforts in electronic medical records.  The School of Nursing is ranked, along with the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, in the top 20 in the U.S. News & World Report rankings. <SEP>  Founded in 1890, it had existed in Oklahoma Territory near Indian Territory for 17 years before the two became the state of Oklahoma.  In Fall 2016 the university had 31,250 students enrolled, most at its main campus in Norman.  Employing nearly 3,000 faculty members, the school offers 152 baccalaureate programs, 160 master's programs, 75 doctorate programs, and 20 majors at the first professional level.  David Lyle Boren, a former U.S. Senator and Oklahoma Governor, has served as the university's president since 1994. The University of Oklahoma (OU) is a coeducational public research university in Norman, Oklahoma. <SEP> Vanderbilt University Law School (also known as Vanderbilt Law School or VLS) is a graduate school of Vanderbilt University.  Established in 1874, it is one of the oldest law schools in the southern United States.  Vanderbilt Law has consistently ranked among the top 20 law schools in the nation, and is currently ranked 17th in the 2018 edition of "U.S. News & World Report".  Vanderbilt Law School enrolls approximately 640 students, with each entering Juris Doctor class consisting of approximately 175 students.
Question: The political activist who wrote "I Shout Love" was known as a child actress for her role in what Canadian television series?

I Shout Love is a 2001 Canadian short film written and directed by Sarah Polley, released in 2001.  The film stars Matthew Ferguson and Kristen Thomson as Bobby and Tessa, a couple who are on the verge of breaking up when Tessa convinces Bobby to spend one last night together recording video of them reenacting the better times in their relationship. <SEP> Richard Kahan (born May 15, 1980) is a Canadian television actor and writer.  Born in Winnipeg, Manitoba, he is known for his role as Marco Pacella in the television series "The 4400" and for his role as Gil Kurvers on the Canadian television series teen soap "Edgemont". <SEP> Sarah Ellen Polley {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (born January 8, 1979) is a Canadian actress, writer, director and political activist.  She has starred in many feature films, including "Exotica" (1994), "The Sweet Hereafter" (1997), "Guinevere" (1999), "Go" (1999), "The Weight of Water" (2000), "My Life Without Me" (2003), "Dawn of the Dead" (2004), "Splice" (2009), and "Mr. Nobody" (2009).  Polley first garnered attention as a child actress for her role as Sara Stanley in the Canadian television series "Road to Avonlea" (1990–1996). <SEP> Mel Hurtig, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (24 June 1932 – 3 August 2016) was a Canadian publisher, author, political activist, and political candidate.  He was president of the Edmonton Art Gallery, and a noted political activist who wrote several books critical of the Canadian government and its various policies.
Question: Which of the following is a New York based monthly music and lifestyle magazine: Inked or Global Rhythm?

 Covering music, fashion, art, sports and the rest of the lifestyle of the tattooed, "Inked", like Vice, has made the transition from the newsstand to digital media company, and a brand that sits among GQ and Vanity Fair. Inked is a tattoo lifestyle digital media company that bills itself as the outsiders' insider media.  Tattooed women like Kat Von D, Avril Lavigne, Diablo Cody, Eve and Malin Akerman have appeared on "Inked"'s cover.  Among the celebrities who have sat down with "Inked" are Ozzy Osbourne, Tracy Morgan, Slash, Kid Cudi and Billie Joe Armstrong.  "Inked" also covers tattoo artists; they immortalize the best in their Icon feature through which the likes of Don Ed Hardy, Horiyoshi III and Ami James have been honored. <SEP> Blues & Rhythm, The Gospel Truth is a British monthly music magazine dealing with all aspects of blues and gospel music.  Founded in July 1984 it is - along with its American counterpart "Living Blues" - considered to be the premier magazine for all aspects of research into blues and rhythm & blues music (pre- and post-war blues, rhythm and blues, doo-wop vocal groups, vintage soul, gospel and the contemporary blues scene). <SEP>  It was published monthly and circulated across North America, Europe and hundreds of other locations worldwide for over fifteen years. Global Rhythm is a former New York-based monthly music and lifestyle magazine featuring coverage of world music, film, cuisine and travel. <SEP> BandWidth Street Press Magazine (or in short simply BandWidth Magazine) is a free monthly tabloid-sized music and lifestyle magazine (street press) established in March 2009 and based in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.  It is distributed throughout Kota Kinabalu and surrounding districts.  In August 2011, the magazine expanded its territory to the Federal Territory of Labuan.  The magazine is released between the 3rd to the 5th day of each month.  The magazine was founded in Kota Kinabalu in March 2009 by Arthur E. Lee (former editor and publisher).  Arthur E. Lee said at the time that "This magazine is a great opportunity and has a great potential to build a strong music media outlet that is supportive of the local music scene completely from the grass roots level."
Question: Who began the colonization of the area that Jesuit missionary Claude Aveneau resided?

Claude Aveneau (December 25, 1650 in Laval, France – September 14, 1711 in Quebec) was a Jesuit missionary in New France. <SEP> Étienne de Carheil (20 November 1633 – 27 July 1726) was a French Jesuit priest who became a missionary to the Iroquois and Huron Indians in the New World.  He served as the chief Jesuit missionary to the Native Americans of the Straits of Mackinac area from 1686 until about 1702.  In this duty, he clashed often with the secular leader of Fort de Buade, the French commandant Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac. <SEP> New France (French: "Nouvelle-France" ) was the area colonized by France in North America during a period beginning with the exploration of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence by Jacques Cartier in 1534 and ending with the cession of New France to Great Britain and Spain in 1763. <SEP> Sainte Anne Church, commonly called 'Ste. Anne Church' or 'Ste. Anne's Church', is a Roman Catholic church that serves the parish of Sainte Anne de Michilimackinac in Mackinac Island, Michigan.  The Jesuit missionary Claude Dablon inaugurated the rites of the Catholic faith on Mackinac Island in 1670, but the earliest surviving parish records list sacraments performed starting in April 1695.  After moving from Fort de Buade to Fort Michilimackinac about 1708 and from Fort Michilimackinac to Mackinac Island in 1781, the parish used a historic log church for decades.  It constructed the current church complex starting in 1874 on a site donated by the former fur trader, Magdelaine Laframboise.
Question: Does Ningbo, China or Gujiao, China have a larger population?

The Ningbonese or Ningbo people are the people of Ningbo, China, whether resident or abroad.  The Ningbonese are a subgroup of the Wu Han ethnicity.  Many famous Chinese people have come from Ningbo and many more have Ningbo as their ancestral home.  A large percentage of Shanghainese people have ancestry in Ningbo. <SEP> Riverview is a Canadian town in Albert County, New Brunswick, Canada.  Riverview is located on the south side of the Petitcodiac River, across from the larger cities of Moncton and Dieppe.  Riverview has an area of 34 km2 , and a population density of 564.6 PD/km2 .  Riverview's slogan is "A Great Place To Grow".  With a population of 19,667, Riverview is the fifth largest municipality in New Brunswick, having a larger population than the cities of Edmundston, Bathurst, Campbellton, and Miramichi, despite its designation of "town". <SEP> Gujiao () is a county-level city in Shanxi province, People's Republic of China.  It is administered by the prefecture-level city Taiyuan.  Gujiao's population in 1990 stood at 173,022.  Its estimated current population is 210,000. <SEP>  As of the 2010 census, the entire administrated area had a population of 7.6 million, with 3.5 million in the six urban districts of Ningbo proper.    , formerly written Ningpo, is a sub-provincial city in northeast Zhejiang province in China.  It comprises the urban districts of Ningbo proper, three satellite cities, and a number of rural counties including islands in Hangzhou Bay and the East China Sea.  Its port, spread across several locations, is among the busiest in the world and the municipality possesses a separate state-planning status.  To the north, Hangzhou Bay separates Ningbo from Shanghai; to the east lies Zhoushan in the East China Sea; on the west and south, Ningbo borders Shaoxing and Taizhou respectively.
Question: Of which West Germanic language was Craig Seymour a professor at the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth?

Old Saxon, also known as Old Low German, was a Germanic language and the earliest recorded form of Low German (spoken nowadays in Northern Germany, the northeastern Netherlands, southern Denmark, the Americas and parts of Eastern Europe).  It is a West Germanic language, closely related to the Anglo-Frisian languages.  It has been documented from the 8th century until the 12th century, when it gradually evolved into Middle Low German.  It was spoken throughout modern northwestern Germany, primarily in the coastal regions and in the eastern Netherlands by Saxons, a Germanic tribe who inhabited the region of Saxony.  It partially shares Anglo-Frisian's (Old Frisian, Old English) Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law which sets it apart from Low Franconian and Irminonic languages, such as Dutch, Luxembourgish and German. <SEP> The University of Massachusetts Dartmouth (UMass Dartmouth or UMassD) is one of five campuses and operating subdivisions of the University of Massachusetts.  It is located in North Dartmouth, Massachusetts, United States, in the center of the South Coast region, between the cities of New Bedford to the east and Fall River to the west.  It became a UMass campus in 1991 when Southeastern Massachusetts University was merged into the University of Massachusetts system. <SEP> Craig Seymour (born November 25, 1968) is an American writer, photographer, celebrity interviewer, music critic and former stripper.  He was born in Washington, D.C..  He has written for "The Washington Post", "Entertainment Weekly", "Vibe", and "Spin", among other publications, and has served as pop music critic for "The Buffalo News" and "The Atlanta Journal-Constitution".  He holds a Ph.D. in American Studies from the University of Maryland, College Park in College Park.  Seymour was a professor of English at the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, and is now Associate Professor of Journalism at Northern Illinois University.  He lives in Chicago. <SEP>  Named after the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes that migrated to England, it ultimately derives its name from the Anglia (Angeln) peninsula in the Baltic Sea. English is a West Germanic language that was first spoken in early medieval England and is now a global "lingua franca".  It is closely related to the Frisian languages, but its vocabulary has been significantly influenced by other Germanic languages, particularly Norse (a North Germanic language), as well as by Latin and Romance languages, particularly French.
Question: Which contained more acts, Macbeth or Les mamelles de Tirésias?

Macbeth (] ) is an opera in four acts by Giuseppe Verdi, with an Italian libretto by Francesco Maria Piave and additions by Andrea Maffei, based on William Shakespeare's play of the same name. <SEP> Les mamelles de Tirésias ("The Breasts of Tiresias") is an "opéra bouffe" by Francis Poulenc, in a prologue and two acts based on the play of the same title by Guillaume Apollinaire.  The opera was written in 1945 and first performed in 1947. <SEP> The Breasts of Tiresias (French: "Les mamelles de Tirésias" ) is a surrealist play by Guillaume Apollinaire.  Written in 1903, the play received its first production in a revised version in 1917.  In his preface to the play, the poet invented the word "surrealism" to describe his new style of drama. <SEP> Denise Duval (Paris, 23 October 1921Bex, 25 January 2016) was a French soprano, best known for her performances in the works of Francis Poulenc on stage and in recital.  During an international career, Duval created the roles of Thérèse in "Les mamelles de Tirésias", Elle in "La voix humaine", and excelled in the role of Blanche de la Force in "Dialogues of the Carmelites", leaving recordings of these and several other of her main roles.
Question: Which actor married to actress and dancer Cyd Charisse starred in Quincannon, Frontier Scout:

Quincannon, Frontier Scout is a 1956 American Western film directed by Lesley Selander and written by John C. Higgins and Don Martin.  The film was released on May 1956, by United Artists.  The film stars Tony Martin, Peggie Castle, John Bromfield, John Smith and Ron Randell. <SEP> John Baker Omohundro (July 26, 1846 – June 28, 1880), also known as "Texas Jack," was a frontier scout, actor, and cowboy.  Born in rural Virginia he served in the Confederacy during the American Civil War and later as a civilian scout for the US Army during the Indian Wars. <SEP>  His career spanned over seven decades, and he scored dozens of hits between the late-1930s and mid-1950s with songs such as "Walk Hand in Hand" and "Stranger in Paradise". Tony Martin (born Alvin Morris; December 25, 1913 – July 27, 2012) was an American actor, best known for his film roles and popular singer.  He was married to actress and dancer Cyd Charisse for 60 years until her death in 2008. <SEP> Cyd Charisse (born Tula Ellice Finklea; March 8, 1922 – June 17, 2008) was an American dancer and actress.
Question: What is the birthplace of the composer of Griselda?

 The opera uses a revised version of the 1701 Italian libretto by Apostolo Zeno that was based on Giovanni Boccaccio's "The Decameron" (X, 10, "The Patient Griselda"). Griselda (] ) is a dramma per musica in three acts that was composed by Antonio Vivaldi.  The celebrated Venetian playwright Carlo Goldoni was hired to adapt the libretto for Vivaldi.  The opera was first performed in Venice at the Teatro San Samuele on 18 May 1735. <SEP> Griselda is an opera seria in three acts by the Italian composer Alessandro Scarlatti, the last of Scarlatti’s operas to survive completely today.  The libretto is by Apostolo Zeno, with revisions by an anonymous author.  Zeno wrote his work in 1701 and it had already been set by Pollarolo and Antonio Maria Bononcini (Albinoni, Giovanni Bononcini and Vivaldi would later produce versions).  It is based on the story of Patient Griselda from Boccaccio's "Decameron".  Scarlatti's opera was first performed at the Teatro Capranica, Rome in January, 1721 with an all-male cast (five castratos and a tenor). <SEP> Tallapaka is a village in the Rajampet mandal of YSR district in the Rayalaseema region of Andhra Pradesh, India.  This village is famous for being the birthplace of carnatic composer, Annamacharya. <SEP> Antonio Lucio Vivaldi (] ; 4 March 1678 – 28 July 1741) was an Italian Baroque composer, virtuoso violinist, teacher and cleric.  He composed many instrumental concertos, for the violin and a variety of other instruments, as well as sacred choral works and more than forty operas. His best-known work is a series of violin concertos known as "The Four Seasons".  Born in Venice, he is recognized as one of the greatest Baroque composers, and his influence during his lifetime was widespread across Europe.