Question: In 2012 how many non-Hispanic whites lived in the city where the Awakenings' real-life neurologist worked?

Robin Williams played the physician; Robert De Niro was one of the patients who emerged from a catatonic (frozen) state. Penny Marshall's 1990 film Awakenings, which was nominated for several Oscars, is based on neurologist Oliver Sacks' 1973 account of his psychiatric patients at Beth Abraham Hospital in the Bronx who were paralyzed by a form of encephalitis but briefly responded to the drug L-dopa. The home of Williams' character was shot not far from Sacks' actual City Island residence. A 1973 Yorkshire Television documentary and "A Kind of Alaska", a 1985 play by Harold Pinter, were also based on Sacks' book. <SEP> in 1940, non-hispanic whites constituted 86.8% of the city's population. the population peaked at more than two million residents in 1950, then began to decline with the restructuring of industry, which led to the loss of many middle-class union jobs. in addition, suburbanization had been drawing off many of the wealthier residents to outlying railroad commuting towns and newer housing. revitalization and gentrification of neighborhoods began in the late 1970s and continues into the 21st century, with much of the development in the center city and university city areas of the city. after many of the old manufacturers and businesses left philadelphia or shut down, the city started attracting service businesses and began to more aggressively market itself as a tourist destination. glass-and-granite skyscrapers were built in center city. historic areas such as independence national historical park located in old city and society hill were renovated during the reformist mayoral era of the 1950s through the 1980s. they are now among the most desirable living areas of center city. this has slowed the city's 40-year population decline after it lost nearly one-quarter of its population. <SEP> New York City has the largest European and non-Hispanic white population of any American city. The European diaspora residing in the city is very diverse. According to 2012 Census estimates, there were roughly 560,000 Italian Americans, 385,000 Irish Americans, 253,000 German Americans, 223,000 Russian Americans, 201,000 Polish Americans, and 137,000 English Americans. Additionally, Greek and French Americans numbered 65,000 each, with those of Hungarian descent estimated at 60,000 people. Ukrainian and Scottish Americans numbered 55,000 and 35,000, respectively. People identifying ancestry from Spain numbered 30,838 total in 2010. People of Norwegian and Swedish descent both stood at about 20,000 each, while people of Czech, Lithuanian, Portuguese, Scotch-Irish, and Welsh descent all numbered between 12,000–14,000 people. At 2.7 million in 2012, New York's non-Hispanic white population is larger than the non-Hispanic white populations of Los Angeles (1.1 million), Chicago (865,000), and Houston (550,000) combined. Arab Americans number over 160,000 in New York City, with the highest concentration in Brooklyn. Central Asians, primarily Uzbek Americans, are a rapidly growing segment of the city's non-Hispanic white population, enumerating over 30,000, and including over half of all Central Asian immigrants to the United States, most settling in Queens or Brooklyn. Albanian Americans are most highly concentrated in the Bronx. <SEP> group areas act was the title of three acts of the parliament of south africa enacted under the apartheid government of south africa. the acts assigned racial groups to different residential and business sections in urban areas in a system of urban apartheid. an effect of the law was to exclude non-whites from living in the most developed areas, which were restricted to whites (e.g., sea point, lansdowne, cape town, claremont, cape town). it caused many non-whites to have to commute large distances from their homes in order to be able to work. the law led to non-whites being forcibly removed for living in the ``wrong ''areas. the non-white majority were given much smaller areas (e.g., tongaat, grassy park) to live in than the white minority who owned most of the country. pass laws required that non-whites carry pass books, and later 'reference books' (similar to passports) to enter the 'white' parts of the country. <SEP> The book was written in 1967, mostly over a nine-day period, and first published in 1970. A revised and updated version was published in 1990. (In the 1990 revised edition, the last chapter "Migraine Aura and Hallucinatory Constants" was written in collaboration with Ralph M. Siegel.) Migraine is the first book written by Oliver Sacks, a well-known neurologist and author with a practice in New York City.