winkelee/scaling-down huggingface dataset:
Question: What city features an exhibit on Laurence Madin's work on salps?

Sculptors Guild, a society of sculptors who banded together to promote public interest in contemporary sculpture, was founded in 1937.  Signatories to the original corporation papers (Sculptors Guild, Inc.) were Sonia Gordon Brown, Berta Margoulies, Aaron J. Goodelman, Chaim Gross (who became the first President), Minna Harkavy, Milton Horn, Concetta Scaravaglione, Warren Wheelock, and William Zorach.  The inaugural exhibit of the Guild was held April 12 - May 31, 1938, on a vacant lot at Park Avenue and 39th St. This outdoor exhibit, the first of its kind in New York City, hosted 40,000 visitors paying an admission price of ten cents to view the work.  Owing to the tremendous success of this first exhibit, the Brooklyn Museum held an exhibit of contemporary American sculpture by Guild members, October 21- November 27, 1938. <SEP> Printing out the Internet is a work of art created by poet and uncreative writer"," Kenneth Goldsmith, with the help of LABOR and UbuWeb.  In May 2013, Goldsmith asked for people to print out pages from the Internet and send it to an art gallery, LABOR in Mexico City, over “Printing out the Internet” Tumblr for an exhibition from 26 July to 30 August 2013.  Goldsmith dedicated a 500 square meter space with a six meter tall ceiling to the exhibit, which was filled with ten tons of paper during the exhibit.  Aaron Swartz, a programmer and Internet activist, inspired the project in his movement to liberate information, making academic files available in the public domain for free.  The exhibit was controversial due to the environmental impact entailed with printing out the Internet and the copyrighted materials included in the exhibit. <SEP> Laurence Madin is an American Marine biologist.  He is featured in an exhibit at the New England Aquarium for his work on salps, which are chordate jellyfish.  He is currently executive vice president and director of research of Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI). <SEP>  In addition to the main aquarium building, attractions at the New England Aquarium include the Simons IMAX Theatre and the New England Aquarium Whale Watch, which operates from April through November.  The aquarium has more than 22,000 members and hosts more than 1.3 million visitors each year. The New England Aquarium is an aquarium located in Boston, Massachusetts.
Question: 1717 Broadway and 252 East 57th Street, are located in which city?

 At 750 feet high, it is the tallest hotel in North America.  The building contains two hotels, the Courtyard New York Manhattan/Central Park and the Residence Inn New York Manhattan/Central Park, with a total of 639 rooms.  The glass-clad building is located on the Northwest corner of 54th Street and Broadway. 1717 Broadway is a skyscraper located in Manhattan, New York City, United States. <SEP> 252 East 57th Street is a mixed use modernist style residential skyscraper in New York City, United States developed by the World Wide Group and Rose Associates, Inc.  Construction started in 2013, 252 East 57th Street is part of a surge of redevelopment of 57th Street into a luxury residential corridor that has been named "Billionaires’ Row."  The residential tower will be 712 feet tall with condominiums starting on the 36th floor.  The building will also include the construction of two new schools and 78,000 square feet of retail space, in addition to a Whole Foods Market.  The residential tower and additional retail portions are anticipated to open in late 2016. <SEP> 300 East 57th Street is an apartment building on the corner of East 57th Street and Second Avenue in the Midtown neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City. <SEP> The L.P. Hollander Company Building is located at 3 East 57th Street, New York City.  The edifice received the 1930 gold medal of the Fifth Avenue Association for the "best structure" built in the Fifth Avenue district during the year.  The L.P. Hollander Company Building was erected prior to the Empire State Building and 500 Fifth Avenue, which were judged for the year 1931.  The Empire State Building and the Lilly Dache Building were designed by William F. Lamb of Shreve, Lamb & Harmon, architects, who was responsible for planning the L.P. Hollander Building.  The Hollander Building was built by Starrett Brothers & Eken.
Question: HPSCHD is a composition by which music theorist and writer?

 A pioneer of indeterminacy in music, electroacoustic music, and non-standard use of musical instruments, Cage was one of the leading figures of the post-war avant-garde.  Critics have lauded him as one of the most influential composers of the 20th century.  He was also instrumental in the development of modern dance, mostly through his association with choreographer Merce Cunningham, who was also Cage's romantic partner for most of their lives. John Milton Cage Jr. (September 5, 1912 – August 12, 1992) was an American composer, music theorist, writer, philosopher, and artist. <SEP> Brazilian composer and music theorist, whose main interest has been the vivid interaction between composition and culture, including the political aspects of it, namely, composition as a way of resisting cultural colonization.  He has published books and articles on subjects such as the theory and pedagogy of musical composition, analysis and history of Brazilian contemporary music, analysis of Brazilian popular songs, and the possible dialogue between music, psychoanalysis and cultural semantics.  A member of the Brazilian Academy of Music (created by Heitor Villa-Lobos in 1945), he has received along the last decades more than twenty prizes and commissions.  He belongs to the second generation of the movement initiated by the ‘Group of Composers of Bahia’ that was formed in 1966, launching a one-line manifesto “In principle, we are against all and every asserted principle”.  The manifesto also implies that all suggestions are valid and acceptable, and this inclusivity reflects the cultural diversity and relativity of Bahia - a society created by the encounter and conflict of three civilizations (Europe, Africa and Native American).  Since 1992 his compositional interests addressed the rhythmic tradition of Afro-Bahian candomblé, creating universes of hybridization and contradiction, non-sequitur and humor, involving Afro-Bahian and Avant-Garde contexts and ideas.  He has mentored a new generation of Brazilian composers such as Guilherme Bertissolo, Paulo Rios Filho, Alex Pochat, Tulio Augusto, Vinicius Amaro and Danniel Ferraz. <SEP> Josep Soler i Sardà (born 25 March 1935 in Vilafranca del Penedès) is a Spanish composer, writer and music theorist, one of the main Catalan members of the Generación del 51.  He studied composition and orchestration with Cristòfor Taltabull, and was also a pupil of René Leibowitz in Paris. <SEP>  It was written between 1967 and 1969 and was premiered on May 16, 1969, at the Experimental Music Studios at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign. HPSCHD (pronounced as acronym: eɪtʃ-piː-ɛs-siː-eɪtʃ-di:, although Cage himself said the title is "Harpsichord"), is a composition for harpsichord and computer-generated sounds by American avant-garde composers John Cage (1912–1992) and Lejaren Hiller (1924–1994).
Question: The female host on the rebanded hour SportsCenter succeeded who on ESPN2's "Numbers Never Lie."

Sage Marie Steele (born November 28, 1972) is an American television anchor who is the lead host of SportsCenter On The Road.  She formerly hosted the Saturday and Sunday editions of "NBA Countdown" on ABC for four seasons, ending in 2017.  For five years prior to the NBA assignment, Steele was a full-time host of "SportsCenter", ESPN's flagship show, and had previously contributed to "ESPN First Take", "Mike & Mike in the Morning", and "SportsNation".  Steele hosted "SportsCenter"' s daytime coverage of the NBA Finals in 2012 and 2013. <SEP> SC6, pronounced SportsCenter at Six and also known as The Six, is a rebranded hour of the ESPN program SportsCenter.  The program airs weekdays at 6:00 p.m. ET and is hosted by former His & Hers duo Michael Smith and Jemele Hill. .  The Six, which was created to boost SportsCenter's ratings in the 6 PM hour, features some elements from His & Hers and, like SportsCenter with SVP, is more freeform than other editions of SportsCenter.  In addition, SC6 focuses on the night ahead in sports, as well as breaking sports news as warranted <SEP> Jemele Juanita Hill (born 1975) is an American sports journalist who is a co-host of ESPN's flagship "SportsCenter".  She previously wrote a column for ESPN.com's Page 2 and formerly hosted ESPN's "His and Hers".  In February 2017, Hill and Michael Smith became co-hosts of "SC6", the 6 P.M. (ET) edition of "SportsCenter".  In June 2013, she succeeded Jalen Rose on ESPN2's "Numbers Never Lie". <SEP> His & Hers was a sports discussion show hosted by Michael Smith and Jemele Hill; it was televised by ESPN2 as part of its weekday lineup of studio programs.  Originally premiering as the statistics-oriented program Numbers Never Lie, the program soon dropped its focus on metrics and became a statistics-based sports discussion program, leading to its eventual re-branding in November 2014.
Question: Who directed the film where Roy Holder played Gaffer Tom

 It was released in 12 countries on 12 May 2010, including the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland, and was also the opening film at the 2010 Cannes Film Festival the same day.  It was released in a further 23 countries the following day, among them Australia, and an additional 17 countries on 14 May 2010, among them the United States and Canada. Robin Hood is a 2010 British-American epic war drama film based on the Robin Hood legend, directed by Ridley Scott and starring Russell Crowe, Cate Blanchett, Mark Strong, Oscar Isaac, William Hurt, and Max von Sydow.  The film received mixed reviews, but made more than $320 million at the box office. <SEP> Carter Stevens (born October 17, 1944) is a former pornographic film actor, grip, gaffer and lab technician (film processing) and director.  He made 8mm loops, appeared in over 50 adult films between around 1973 and 1993, and directed about 40 films between 1972 and 1996, including a series of films for the Avon Theater chain. <SEP> Roy Holder (born 15 June 1946) is an English television actor who has appeared in various programmes including "Ace of Wands", "Z-Cars", "Spearhead", the "Doctor Who" serial "The Caves of Androzani" and "Sorry! " His first notable appearance on the screen was in the 1961 film "Whistle Down the Wind", and he then appeared in "The Taming of the Shrew" (1967), "Here We Go Round the Mulberry Bush" (1967), "Romeo and Juliet" (1968), "The Virgin Soldiers" (1969), "Loot" (1970), "Psychomania" (1973), "The Land That Time Forgot" (1975), "Trial by Combat" (1976) and "Jesus of Nazareth" (1977).  More recently, Roy played the part of Mr Hill in "Pride & Prejudice" (2005), and Gaffer Tom in "Robin Hood" (2010). <SEP> Thomas Evans "Tom" Stern, ASC, AFC (Association of French Directors of Photography) (born December 16, 1946) is an American cinematographer best known for his work on films directed by Clint Eastwood.  He has been Eastwood's primary cinematographer since "Blood Work" in 2002 and has worked as a gaffer since 1977.
Question: In what european counrty is the Miniatürk and Church of SS Peter and Paul, Istanbul located? 

The Seminary of SS Peter and Paul is a Roman Catholic Seminary in Dili, East Timor.  It is the country’s only Major Seminary named after the Saints Peter and Paul.  It is located in Fatumeta. <SEP>  It was opened May 2, 2003.  Miniatürk covers a total area of 60000 m2 .  It is one of the world's largest miniature parks with its 15000 m2 model area. Miniatürk is a miniature park situated at the north-eastern shore of Golden Horn in Istanbul, Turkey.  The park contains 122 models in 1:25 scale.  It contains structures from in and around Turkey, as well as interpretations of historic structures. <SEP>  The church owns an icon of the Virgin of the Hodegetria type, which originally lay in a Dominican church in Caffa, Crimea.  The current building is a nineteenth-century (1841 to 1843) reconstruction of the Fossati brothers. SS Peter and Paul (Turkish: "Sen Pier ve Sen Paul Kilisesi" , Italian: "Chiesa dei Santi Pietro e Paolo a Galata" ) is a Roman Catholic church in Istanbul, important for historical reasons. <SEP> Çukurbostan is a quarter of the European side of Istanbul located in the north side of the Fatih district (the walled city).  Although it is difficult to define exactly its boundary, Çukurbostan lies between the neighbourhoods of Balat and Atikali.  In the quarter are located the Yavuz Selim Mosque and the Byzantine Cistern of Aspar.  The cistern was used in the Ottoman period as vegetable garden, and its name "Çukurbostan" ("sunken garden") gave the name to the quarter.
Question: Laura Forgia, sometimes known as Lena Harva, was born in which year, is an Italian Soubrette, model, actress and television presenter with Swedish origin, a soubrette is a type of operatic soprano voice often cast as a female stock character in opera and theatre?

Eleonora Cortini (born 14 January 1992, in Trieste) is an Italian Soubrette, model, actress and television presenter. <SEP> A lyric soprano is a type of operatic soprano voice that has a warm quality with a bright, full timbre that can be heard over an orchestra.  The lyric soprano voice generally has a higher tessitura than a soubrette and usually plays ingenues and other sympathetic characters in opera.  Lyric sopranos have a range from approximately middle C (C4) to "high D" (D6).  This is the most common female singing voice.  There is a tendency to divide lyric sopranos into two groups, light and full. <SEP> Laura Forgia, (born Laura Lena Forgia, 9 October 1982, in Varese), sometimes known as Lena Harva, is an Italian Soubrette, model, actress and television presenter with Swedish origin. <SEP>  The term arrived in English from Provençal via French, and means "conceited" or "coy". A soubrette is a type of operatic soprano voice often cast as a female stock character in opera and theatre.  A soubrette is also defined as a young woman regarded as flirtatious or frivolous.
Question: Who is the daughter of Steve Irwin and a star in the show Steve Irwin's Wildlife Warriors?

Wildlife Warriors, originally called the Steve Irwin Conservation Foundation, is a conservationist organisation that was established in 2002 by Steve Irwin, and his wife Terri Irwin to involve and educate others in the protection of injured, threatened or endangered wildlife.  Terri Irwin is still involved in the organisation as patron and significant advisor. <SEP> Bindi the Jungle Girl is an Australian children's television nature documentary series, presented by Bindi Irwin, the daughter of Steve and Terri Irwin.  The series is produced and shot in Queensland by The Best Picture Show Company for Discovery Kids and the Australian Broadcasting Corporation.  The first series was scheduled for 26 episodes, and ran from 9 June 2007 until 31 May 2008 on American networks Discovery Kids and simulcast on Animal Planet and on ABC1 in Australia from 18 July 2007.  Also appearing on the show are Bindi's mother Terri, her younger brother Robert, and Steve Irwin's "best mate" and director of Australia Zoo, Wes Mannion.  Bindi performs songs and dances with a group called the Crocmen, and answers questions from viewers in the "Bindi's Blog" segment. <SEP>  It stars Bindi Irwin, Terri Irwin, and Robert C. Irwin. Steve Irwin's Wildlife Warriors is an Australian factual television series.  It aired on Network Ten on 6 October 2012.  The show is a tribute to Steve Irwin. <SEP> Bindi Sue Irwin (born 24 July 1998) is an Australian-American actress, television personality, conservationist, singer, and dancer.  She is the daughter of the late conservationist and television personality Steve Irwin and his conservationist and author wife Terri Irwin, owner of the Australia Zoo.  Bindi's younger brother is Robert Irwin, a television personality, photographer and grandson of naturist and herpetologist Bob Irwin.  Bindi has been involved in acting, singing, dancing, rapping, game show hosting, and has created two instructional fitness DVDs.  She is also known for winning season 21 of "Dancing with the Stars" (U.S.).
Question: The Youngest Profession is a 1943 film, directed by Edward Buzzell, it contains cameos by which American actor, and a major star at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer?

Child of Manhattan is a 1933 American pre-Code melodrama film based on the play "Child of Manhattan" by Preston Sturges, which was presented on Broadway in 1932.  The film was directed by Edward Buzzell and written for the screen by Gertrude Purcell, and stars Nancy Carroll, star of musical comedies at Paramount, John Boles, and cowboy star Charles "Buck" Jones. <SEP> William Horatio Powell (July 29, 1892 – March 5, 1984) was an American actor.  A major star at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, he was paired with Myrna Loy in 14 films, including the "Thin Man" series based on the Nick and Nora Charles characters created by Dashiell Hammett.  Powell was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor three times: for "The Thin Man" (1934), "My Man Godfrey" (1936), and "Life with Father" (1947). <SEP> Best Foot Forward is a 1943 American musical film adapted from the 1941 Broadway musical comedy of the same title.  The film was released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, directed by Edward Buzzell, and starred Lucille Ball, William Gaxton, Virginia Weidler, Chill Wills, June Allyson, Gloria DeHaven, and Nancy Walker. <SEP>  It contains cameos by Greer Garson, Lana Turner, William Powell, Walter Pidgeon, and Robert Taylor. The Youngest Profession is a 1943 film, directed by Edward Buzzell, and starring Virginia Weidler, Edward Arnold, John Carroll, Scotty Beckett, and Agnes Moorehead.
Question: Brian Massumi (born 1956) is a Canadian social theorist, writer and philosopher, He is widely known for his English-language translations of A Thousand Plateaus, a 1980 philosophy book by French authors Gilles Deleuze and who, respectively a philosopher and a psychoanalyst?

Gilles Deleuze (] ; 18 January 1925 – 4 November 1995) was a French philosopher who, from the early 1960s until his death in 1995, wrote on philosophy, literature, film, and fine art.  His most popular works were the two volumes of "Capitalism and Schizophrenia": "Anti-Oedipus" (1972) and "A Thousand Plateaus" (1980), both co-written with psychoanalyst Félix Guattari.  His metaphysical treatise "Difference and Repetition" (1968) is considered by many scholars to be his magnum opus.  A. W. Moore, citing Bernard Williams's criteria for a great thinker, ranks Deleuze among the "greatest philosophers".  His work has influenced a variety of disciplines across philosophy and art, including literary theory, post-structuralism and postmodernism. <SEP>  The authors draw upon and discuss the work of a number of authors, including Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, and Wilhelm Reich.  "A Thousand Plateaus" is written in a non-linear fashion, and the reader is invited to move among plateaux in any order.  It is the second volume of "Capitalism and Schizophrenia", and the successor to "Anti-Oedipus" (1972).  Before the full English translation by social theorist Brian Massumi appeared in 1987, the twelfth "plateau" was published separately as "Nomadology: The War Machine" (New York: Semiotext(e), 1986). A Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia (French: "Mille plateaux" ) is a 1980 philosophy book by French authors Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, respectively a philosopher and a psychoanalyst.  Though influential, and considered a major statement of post-structuralism and postmodernism, the book has been criticized on many grounds. <SEP> Brian Massumi (born 1956) is a Canadian social theorist, writer and philosopher.  Massumi's research spans the fields of art, architecture, political theory, cultural studies and philosophy.  He is widely known for his English-language translations of recent French philosophy, including Jean-François Lyotard's "The Postmodern Condition" (with Geoffrey Bennington), Jacques Attali's "" and Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari's "A Thousand Plateaus". <SEP> What is Philosophy?  (French: "Qu'est-ce que la philosophie?" )  is a 1991 book by French authors Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, respectively a philosopher and a psychoanalyst.
Question: Which documentary was produced first, The Mouth of the Wolf or Fahrenheit 9/11?

Will They Ever Trust Us Again?  is a supplementary book by Michael Moore published after his documentary "Fahrenheit 9/11" was in theaters and released on DVD.  The film proved to be the most successful documentary of all time, grossing over 120 million dollars in the United States alone.  The book's title refers to a line near the end of the movie where Moore questions if the enlisted personnel in the military will ever trust the government again for sending them into a war that was not needed. <SEP> The Mouth of the Wolf (original title: "La bocca del lupo") is a 2009 biographical drama/documentary film written and directed by Pietro Marcello.  It premièred at the 2009 Torino Film Festival in Turin, and won the FIPRESCI Prize for 'Best Film' and the Prize of the City of Torino.  In 2010 it appeared at the 60th Berlin International Film Festival where it won the Caligari Film Award and the Teddy Award for 'Best Documentary'. <SEP> Michael Francis Moore (born April 23, 1954) is an American documentary filmmaker and author.  He is the director and producer of "Fahrenheit 9/11" (2004), a critical look at the presidency of George W. Bush and the War on Terror, which is the highest-grossing documentary at the American box office of all time and winner of the Palme d'Or.  His film "Bowling for Columbine" (2002), which examines the causes of the Columbine High School massacre, won the Academy Award for Documentary Feature. <SEP> Fahrenheit 9/11 is a 2004 American documentary film directed, written by, and starring filmmaker, director and political commentator Michael Moore.  The film takes a critical look at the presidency of George W. Bush, the War on Terror, and its coverage in the media.  In the film, Moore contends that American corporate media were "cheerleaders" for the 2003 invasion of Iraq, and did not provide an accurate or objective analysis of the rationale for the war or the resulting casualties there.
Question: Aftertaste is the fourth album by Helmet, released in 1997 on Interscope, guitarist Rob Echeverria, who appeared on Helmet's previous outing, "Betty", left the group to join which American heavy metal band, formed in Brooklyn, New York in 1987?

 Guitarist Rob Echeverria, who appeared on Helmet's previous outing, "Betty", left the group to join Biohazard. Aftertaste is the fourth album by Helmet, released in 1997 on Interscope.  This proved to be Helmet's final album with original members John Stanier (drums) and Henry Bogdan (bass).  Subsequently, the album was recorded as a three-piece, with Page Hamilton covering all the guitar parts.  Guitarist Chris Traynor (formerly of Orange 9mm) came on board for the supporting tour. <SEP> Henry Bogdan (born February 4, 1961 in Riverside, California), is an American musician.  He is perhaps best known as the original bass guitarist and a founding member of the alternative metal band, Helmet.  Henry Bodgan played bass for all of Helmet's albums released up until 1997 which included "Strap It On", "Meantime", "Betty", and "Aftertaste". <SEP> Nathan Jonas "Joey" Jordison (born April 26, 1975), is an American musician, songwriter, record producer and multi-instrumentalist, best known for his work as the former drummer and co-songwriter for the American heavy metal band Slipknot as well as guitarist in the American horror punk band Murderdolls.  Jordison played in Slipknot since their formation in 1995 until his departure from the band in December 2013.  He was the drummer and founder of the American heavy metal band Scar the Martyr which formed in 2013 and disbanded in 2016.  He grew up in Waukee, Iowa with his parents and two sisters, and was given his first drum kit at the age of 8.  He performed in several bands until joining in the summer of 1995 with the group The Pale Ones, which would later change their name to Slipknot.  Of Slipknot's nine-member lineup which lasted from 1999–2010, Joey was the third to join the band. <SEP>  They are acknowledged as one of the earliest bands to fuse hardcore punk and heavy metal with elements of hip hop.  The earliest lineup consisted of bassist/vocalist Evan Seinfeld, guitarist Bobby Hambel, and drummer Anthony Meo. Biohazard is an American heavy metal band formed in Brooklyn, New York in 1987.  Guitarist/vocalist Billy Graziadei would join the band soon after, changing the band to a four-piece.  Since February 2016, the lineup has consisted of Billy Graziadei, Bobby Hambel and Danny Schuler.
Question: The Order of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas features one of the earliest symbols of Lithuania, which is one of its historical what?

Erdmonas Simonaitis (October 30, 1888 in Juschka-Spötzen (Spiečiai), Province of East Prussia – February 24, 1969 in Weinheim, West Germany) was a Prussian Lithuanian activist particularly active in the Klaipėda Region (Memel Territory) and advocating its union with Lithuania.  During the staged Klaipėda Revolt of 1923, he headed the pro-Lithuanian government of the region.  For his anti-German activities, he was persecuted by the Nazis during World War II.  He survived the Mauthausen-Gusen and Dachau concentration camps.  After the war he remained in Germany and rejoined various Lithuanian organizations.  He was awarded the Order of Vytautas the Great and Order of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas. <SEP> The Order of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas is the Lithuanian Presidential Award which was re-instituted to honour the citizens of Lithuania for outstanding performance in civil and public offices.  Foreign nationals may also be awarded this Order.  It features the Columns of Gediminas, one of the national symbols of Lithuania.  The Order of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas was instituted in 1928. <SEP> Antanas Sutkus (born 27 June 1939) is a Lithuanian photographer.  He is a recipient of the Lithuanian National Prize for Culture and Arts and Order of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas.  Sutkus was one of the co-founders and a president of the Lithuanian Association of Art Photographers (Lithuanian: "Lietuvos fotografijos meno draugija" ). <SEP> The Columns of Gediminas or Pillars of Gediminas are one of the earliest symbols of Lithuania and one of its historical coats of arms.  They were used in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, initially as a rulers' personal insignia, a state symbol, and later as a part of heraldic signs of leading aristocracy.  During the period between World War I and World War II they were used by the Lithuanian Republic as a minor state symbol, e. g. on Litas coins and military equipment.
Question: In what year was the judge who delivered the court opinion on Atlantic Sounding Co. v. Townsend born?

Williams v. Walker-Thomas Furniture Co., 350 F.2d 445 (D.C. Cir.  1965), was a court opinion, written by Judge J. Skelly Wright, that had a definitive discussion of unconscionability as a defense to enforcement of contracts in American contract law.  As a staple of first-year law school contract law courses, it has been briefed extensively. <SEP>  Thomas succeeded Thurgood Marshall and is the second African American to serve on the court. Clarence Thomas (born June 23, 1948) is an American judge, lawyer, and government official who currently serves as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. <SEP> Oliphant v. Suquamish Indian Tribe, 435 U.S. 191 (1978) is a United States Supreme Court case regarding the criminal jurisdiction of Tribal courts over non-Indians.  The case was decided on March 6, 1978, with a 6–2 majority.  The court opinion was written by William Rehnquist; a dissenting opinion was written by Thurgood Marshall, who was joined by Chief Justice Warren E. Burger.  Judge William J. Brennan abstained. <SEP> Atlantic Sounding Co. v. Townsend, 557 U.S. 404 (2009) , was a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States holding that a seaman may recover punitive damages from his employer for failure to pay maintenance and cure.  "Townsend" reversed a line of cases, starting with "Guevara v. Maritime Overseas Corp." in the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit (New Orleans), that restricted damages in maritime personal injury cases only to "pecuniary" damages.  The Court's 5-4 opinion was delivered by Justice Clarence Thomas.  Consequently, a seaman can now recover both attorney's fees and punitive damages for the willful and wanton refusal of a shipowner to provide medical care to a seaman injured on the job.
Question: Are Berkheya and Valeriana both endemic to Africa?

Berkheya purpurea (Purple berkheya; syn.  "Stobaea purpurea" DC. ) is a perennial member of the subfamily (Arctotideae) of the Asteraceae family of flowering plants.  Like most members of its genus, Berkheya, it is native to southern Africa. <SEP> Berkheya is a genus of flowering plants in the aster family, Asteraceae, and the subfamily Carduoideae, the thistles.  Of about 75 species, 71 can be found in South Africa.  It is distributed in tropical Africa, especially in southern regions. <SEP>  Some species are native to Europe, others to North America and South America (especially in the Andes). Valeriana is a genus of flowering plants in the family Caprifoliaceae, members of which may by commonly known as valerians.  It contains many species, including the garden valerian, "Valeriana officinalis". <SEP> Valeriana asterothrix is a species of plant in the Caprifoliaceae family.  It is endemic to Ecuador.  Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland.
Question: What NCAA Division is the football team in which Mario Cristobal coaches?

The Indiana State Sycamores football team is the NCAA Division I men's football program of Indiana State University in Terre Haute, Indiana.  They currently compete in the Missouri Valley Football Conference.  The team last played in the NCAA Playoffs in the 2014 NCAA Division I Football Championship.  Their first season was 1896.  The Sycamores boast of 8 Conference Player(s) of the Year; 19 First Team All-Americans, and 90+ First Team All-Conference players.  The Sycamore's greatest season was 1983, when coach Dennis Raetz led them to the 2nd round of the 1983 NCAA Division I Football Championship versus the Southern Illinois Salukis and ended the season with a record of 9–4.  The Sycamores also appeared in 1984 NCAA Division I Football Championship playoffs.  Past coaches include Dennis Raetz; Jerry Huntsman, George Ashworth and Wally Marks.  The Indiana State Sycamores play their home games at Memorial Stadium, which seats 12,764.  There have been recent discussions on replacing venerable Memorial Stadium; according to the new ISU Master Plan, a new football-only stadium in downtown Terre Haute, could be realized if funding becomes available. <SEP>  He currently is the offensive coordinator and offensive line coach at the University of Oregon. Mario Manuel Cristobal (born September 24, 1970) is an American football coach and former player.  He was the head coach at FIU from 2007 to 2012, becoming the first ever Cuban-American Division I head football coach. <SEP> The 2007 FIU Golden Panthers football team represented Florida International University in the 2007 NCAA Division I FBS football season.  The Golden Panthers were led by first-year head coach Mario Cristobal and played their home games at the Miami Orange Bowl while FIU Stadium, their normal home field, underwent expansion.  Cristobal replaced FIU's first head coach, Don Strock, who resigned after an 0-12 2006 season marred by a brawl with the University of Miami. <SEP> The 2008 FIU Golden Panthers football team represented Florida International University in the 2008 NCAA Division I FBS football season.  The team was coached by Mario Cristobal and played their homes games at the on-campus FIU Stadium.
Question: Which notorious Chicago mob boss, known by the nickname "Scarface," has notorious crime boss Kid Cann been compared to?

Felice Maniero (born September 2, 1954) is a former Italian crime boss who was the head of the Mala del Brenta, a criminal organisation based in the region of Veneto throughout the 1980s and 1990s.  His nickname is "Faccia d'Angelo" ("Angel Face"), which he shares with the Milanese mobster Francis Turatello and Camorra boss Edoardo Contini.  He was born at Campolongo Maggiore, in the province of Venice.  Originally the leader of a small band of thieves, through connections with Sicilian mafiosi in exile in Veneto he was able to expand and enlarge his organization and modeled it after the mafia.  He was a prolific drug trafficker and was particularly notorious for taking part in many armed robberies, some with extremely high loots. <SEP> A crime boss, crime lord, mob boss, kingpin, or Don is a person in charge of a criminal organization.  A boss typically has absolute or nearly absolute control over his subordinates, is greatly feared by his subordinates for his ruthlessness and willingness to take lives to exert his influence, and profits from the criminal endeavors in which his organization engages. <SEP> Alphonse Gabriel Capone ( ; ] ; January 17, 1899 – January 25, 1947), sometimes known by the nickname Scarface, was an American mobster, crime boss and businessman who attained fame during the Prohibition era as the co-founder and boss of the Chicago Outfit.  His seven-year reign as crime boss ended when he was 33 years old. <SEP> Isadore Blumenfeld (September 8, 1900 – June 21, 1981), commonly known as Kid Cann, was a Jewish-American organized crime figure based in Minneapolis, Minnesota, for over four decades and remains the most notorious mobster in the history of Minnesota.  He is also thought to have participated in the fraudulent dismantling of the Twin City Rapid Transit street railway during the early 1950s.  The power and influence he held in Minneapolis were often compared to that of Al Capone in Chicago and were associated with several high-profile crimes in the city's history, including his alleged involvement in the 1924 murder of cab driver Charles Goldberg, the attempted murder of police officer James H. Trepanier, and the December 1935 killing of newspaperman Walter Liggett.
Question: Are Roger Spottiswoode and Neil Marshall both film directors?

John Scott (born Patrick John O'Hara Scott, 1 November 1930), also known as Johnny Scott and Patrick John Scott, is an English film composer and music conductor.  Scott has collaborated with well-known directors and producers, including Mark Damon, Richard Donner, Charlton Heston, Mike Hodges, Hugh Hudson, Norman Jewison, Irvin Kershner, Daniel Petrie, Roger Spottiswoode, and Norman J. Warren, among others. <SEP> Bangladesh Film Directors Association is the pan-national trade body of film directors in Bangladesh.  The Bangladesh Film Directors Association’s General Secretary is Badiul Alam Khokon.  Mushfiqur Rahman Gulzar is the president of Bangladesh Film Directors Association. <SEP>  He was born in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, and was raised in Britain. John Roger Spottiswoode (born 5 January 1945) is a Canadian-British director, editor and writer of film and television.  His father Raymond Spottiswoode was a British film theoretician who worked at the National Film Board of Canada during the 1940s, directing such short films such as "Wings of a Continent". <SEP>  Marshall began his career in editing and in 2002 directed his first feature film "Dog Soldiers", a horror-comedy film which became a cult film.  He followed up with the critically acclaimed horror film "The Descent" in 2005.  Marshall also directed "Doomsday" in 2008, and wrote and directed "Centurion" in 2010. Neil Marshall (born 25 May 1970) is an English film director, editor and screenwriter.  He has also directed two prominent episodes of US television series "Game of Thrones": "Blackwater" and "The Watchers on the Wall", with particular acclaim for his direction on both occasions, as well as a nomination for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing for a Drama Series for "The Watchers on the Wall".
Question: Who's 6th album named Press to Play contained the song Stranglehold?

 The track is credited as being written by McCartney and 10cc guitarist Eric Stewart, and is on his sixth studio solo album "Press to Play".  It was issued as single exclusively in the US and reached number 81.  The b-side featured the remix of "Angry" by Larry Alexander taken from the previous single "Pretty Little Head" "Stranglehold" is a song by Paul McCartney, the former bass guitarist, Singer and Songwriter with The Beatles. <SEP>  It was McCartney's first album of entirely new music since "Pipes of Peace" in 1983, and his first solo album to be issued internationally by EMI following a six-year alliance with Columbia Records in the United States and Canada. Press to Play is the sixth post-Beatles studio album by the English musician Paul McCartney (outside of Wings' body of work), released in August 1986.  Keen to re-establish himself after his poorly received 1984 musical film "Give My Regards to Broad Street", McCartney enlisted producer Hugh Padgham to give the album a contemporary sound. <SEP> Parashara states that at the time of birth benefic planets viz - Mercury, Jupiter and Venus, situated in the 6th, the 7th and the 8th house from the Natal Moon give rise to Adhi yoga (provided the planets giving rise to this yoga are neither aspected by or joined by malefic planets) and the person will be a king or a minister or a commander of forces (also interpreted as a leader) in accordance with the strength gained by these named planets; he does not mention the order of their placement.  This yoga has also been cited by Varahamihira as arising from the Moon alone.  B. Suryanarain Rao, concurring with others states that this definition of Adhi yoga indicates that all benefics must be in these houses or in any one of these houses i.e. in 6th, 7th and 8th, or in 6th or in 7th or in 8th, or in 6th and 7th or 6th and 8th or in 7th and 8th.  He also cites the opinion of Srutakriti who states that malefic planets occupying these bhavas will also give rise to Adhi yoga but the person will be evil minded and tyrannical; if benefics and malefic are thus placed then mixed results will ensue.  Mandavya and Saravali class Adhi yoga as Raja yoga. <SEP> 6th Otakebi Album (6th 雄叫びアルバム , Shikkususu Otakebi Arubamu , 6th War Cry Album) is the sixth studio album by the Japanese girl group Berryz Kobo.  It was released on March 31, 2010 on the Piccolo Town label, and peaked at #12 on the weekly Oricon chart.  The album was released in two editions: a normal edition and a limited edition.  The first pressing of the normal edition contained a bonus photocard, while the limited edition came with a special DVD containing two versions of the PV for "Tomodachi wa Tomodachi Nanda!" , as well as additional footage.  Both editions also contained a ticket to the album's release event.  The album features seven of the group's previous singles, as well as five original tracks.
Question: Dr. Kaushik Bagchi was born in India, and is the current chair of the History and Historic Preservation department at which private co-educational liberal arts college in the northern Baltimore suburb of Towson in unincorporated Baltimore County, Maryland on a 287-acre (1.2 km²) campus?

Dr. Kaushik Bagchi was born in India, and is the current chair of the History and Historic Preservation department at Goucher College in Baltimore, Maryland.  He has been an associate professor of history at Goucher College since 1993. <SEP> Morningside College is a private, liberal arts college affiliated with the United Methodist Church located in Sioux City, Iowa.  Founded in 1894 by the Methodist Episcopal Church, Morningside College is a private, four-year, co-educational liberal arts institution.  Morningside has 21 buildings on a 68 acre campus in Sioux City (area population 143,157 in 2008.) .  The Morningside College Historic District, which includes most of the campus, is on the National Register of Historic Places. <SEP> Glyndon, Maryland is an unincorporated community in Baltimore County, Maryland, United States.  Founded in 1871 by Dr. Charles A. Leas, the village is located in the northwest section of Baltimore County and is primarily a residential suburb of metropolitan Baltimore City.  The village is characterized by the predominance of historic Victorian homes and a strong sense of community among its residents.  Glyndon is listed on the National Register of Historic Places (1973) and on the Maryland Inventory of Historic Properties (1973); the Glyndon Historic District was also designated as the first historic district in Baltimore County (1981).  Also listed on the National Register of Historic Places is the Worthington Valley Historic District. <SEP> Goucher College is a private co-educational liberal arts college in the northern Baltimore suburb of Towson in unincorporated Baltimore County, Maryland on a 287-acre (1.2 km²) campus.  The school has approximately 1,480 undergraduate students studying in 33 majors and six interdisciplinary programs and approximately 1200 students studying in graduate programs.  Goucher College and Susquehanna University are the only colleges in the United States that require a study abroad experience.
Question: Which German mathematicianwho contributed significantly to many fields, including number theory, algebra, statistics, analysis, differential geometry, geodesy, geophysics, mechanics, electrostatics, magnetic fields, astronomy, matrix theory, and optics is the namesake of the Gauss-Seidel method in linear algebra?

Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss ( ; German: "Gauß" , ] ; Latin: "Carolus Fridericus Gauss" ) (30 April 177723 February 1855) was a German mathematician who contributed significantly to many fields, including number theory, algebra, statistics, analysis, differential geometry, geodesy, geophysics, mechanics, electrostatics, magnetic fields, astronomy, matrix theory, and optics. <SEP> The GRE subject test in mathematics is a standardized test in the United States created by the Educational Testing Service (ETS), and is designed to assess a candidate's potential for graduate or post-graduate study in the field of mathematics.  It contains questions from many fields of mathematics.  About 50% of the questions come from calculus (including pre-calculus topics, multivariate calculus, and differential equations), 25% from algebra (including linear algebra, abstract algebra, and number theory), and 25% from a broad variety of other topics typically encountered in undergraduate mathematics courses, such as point-set topology, probability and statistics, geometry, and real analysis. <SEP> Gabriel Kron (1901 – 1968) was a Hungarian American electrical engineer who promoted the use of methods of linear algebra, multilinear algebra, and differential geometry in the field.  His method of system decomposition and solution called Diakoptics is still influential today.  Though he published widely, his methods were slow to be assimilated.  At Union College a symposium was organized by Schaffer Library on "Gabriel Kron, the Man and His Work", held October 14, 1969.  H.H. Happ edited the contributed papers, which were published by Union College Press as "Gabriel Kron and Systems Theory". <SEP> In numerical linear algebra, the Gauss–Seidel method, also known as the Liebmann method or the method of successive displacement, is an iterative method used to solve a linear system of equations.  It is named after the German mathematicians Carl Friedrich Gauss and Philipp Ludwig von Seidel, and is similar to the Jacobi method.  Though it can be applied to any matrix with non-zero elements on the diagonals, convergence is only guaranteed if the matrix is either diagonally dominant, or symmetric and positive definite.  It was only mentioned in a private letter from Gauss to his student Gerling in 1823.  A publication was not delivered before 1874 by Seidel.
Question: The Mexico women's junior national softball team competed in a city in Ontario which is a sububan city in what area?

 The team competed at the 1985 ISF Junior Women's World Championship in Fargo, North Dakota where they finished eighth.  The team competed at the 1987 ISF Junior Women's World Championship in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma where they finished tenth.  The team competed at the 2013 ISF Junior Women's World Championship in Brampton, Ontario where they finished twelfth. Mexico women's junior national softball team is the junior national under-17 team for Mexico. <SEP> South Korea women's junior national softball team is the junior national under-17 team for South Korea.  The team competed at the 1991 ISF Junior Women's World Championship in Adelaide, Australia where they had 3 wins and 8 losses.  The team competed at the 1995 ISF Junior Women's World Championship in Normal, Illinois where they finished eleventh.  The team competed at the 1999 ISF Junior Women's World Championship in Taipei, Taiwan where they finished fourteenth.  The team competed at the 2003 ISF Junior Women's World Championship in Nanjing, China where they finished thirteenth.  The team competed at the 2013 ISF Junior Women's World Championship in Brampton, Ontario where they finished eleventh. <SEP> Brampton ( or ) is a city in the Canadian province of Ontario.  The city has a population of 593,638 as of the Canada 2016 Census.  Situated in Southern Ontario, it is a suburban city in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) and the seat of Peel Region.  Brampton is Canada's ninth-most populous municipality and the third most populous city in the Greater Golden Horseshoe Region, behind Toronto and Mississauga. <SEP> Japan men's junior national softball team is the junior national under-17 team for Japan.  The team competed at the 1985 ISF Junior Men's World Championship in Fargo, North Dakota where they finished fourth.  The team competed at the 1989 ISF Junior Men's World Championship in Summerside, Prince Edward Island where they finished third.  The team competed at the 1993 ISF Junior Men's World Championship in Auckland, New Zealand where they finished third.  The team competed at the 1997 ISF Junior Men's World Championship in St. John's, Newfoundland where they finished fifth.  The team competed at the 2001 ISF Junior Men's World Championship in Sydney, Australia where they finished second.  The team competed at the 2005 ISF Junior Men's World Championship in Summerside, Prince Edward Island where they finished second.  The team competed at the 2008 ISF Junior Men's World Championship in Whitehorse, Yukon where they finished third.  The team competed at the 2012 ISF Junior Men's World Championship in Parana, Argentina where they finished second.
Question: 5 Magazine has featured Juan Mata, who is a professional football player for which position?

Juan Manuel Mata García (] ; born 28 April 1988) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for English club Manchester United and the Spain national team.  He mostly plays as a central attacking midfielder, but he can also play on the wing. <SEP> Nejc Kolman (born 26 February 1989) is a professional football player from Slovenia who plays for Heidelberg United FC.  Playing professional football in Europe for 5 years, he also represented his country Slovenia, playing for youth national team of Slovenia (14 appearances, one goal) and played in qualifications for the European Championship.  He has also five years older brother Saša Kolman who is former football player and now football manager in Australia. <SEP> Slimane Ould Mata (born 8 September 1975 in Hussein Dey, Algiers) is an Algerian professional football player who currently plays as a goalkeeper for Algerian Ligue 2 club Olympique de Médéa and the Algerian national team. <SEP>  #5 has featured celebrities such as Juan Mata, Snoop Dogg, Riyad Mahrez and Ice Cube. Ferdinand considered naming #5 "Rio", but felt it not a tangible option over time.  The first issue was published in April 2009.  In 2014, a Chinese version was launched.