winkelee/scaling-down huggingface dataset:
Question: In what country did the jukebox musical, Dusty - The Original Pop Diva, based on a book written by writer, report and entertainer John-Michael Howson, have its world premiere?

Piece of My Heart: The Bert Berns Story is a jukebox musical with a book by Daniel Goldfarb and music and lyrics by Bert Berns.  Based on the life and music of songwriter and record producer Bert Berns, the musical made its world premiere Off Broadway at the Pershing Square Signature Center on July 21, 2014. <SEP> Dusty – The Original Pop Diva is an Australian jukebox musical based on the life of Dusty Springfield.  "Dusty" received its world premiere on 12 January 2006 at the State Theatre of the Victorian Arts Centre, Melbourne, Australia.  The book of the musical was written by John-Michael Howson, David Mitchell and Melvyn Morrow. <SEP> Dream Lover: The Bobby Darin Musical is a jukebox musical based on an original concept and stage play by Frank Howson and John-Michael Howson, adapted for the stage by Frank Howson with Simon Phillips and Carolyn Burns.  The musical reveals the extraordinary story of legendary singer, songwriter and actor Bobby Darin. <SEP> John-Michael Howson, OAM (born 8 August 1936, Elwood, Victoria) is an Australian writer, reporter and entertainer and Melbourne radio 3AW commentator.  His involvement in the Australian entertainment scene as a writer, producer and performer spans more than 50 years.
Question: How is the National Geographic Bee considered Communal work?

 The bee, held every year since 1989, is open to students in the fourth through eighth grades in participating schools from the United States. The National Geographic Bee (called the National Geography Bee until 2000, also referred to as the Nat Geo Bee) is an annual geography contest sponsored by the National Geographic Society. <SEP> The National Geographic World Championship (previously called the International Geography Olympiad, which is now the title of another similar competition for older schoolchildren) is a biennial, two-day-long international geography competition typically held in late July or early August.  The Championship was first held in 1993, and is sponsored by the National Geographic Society.  Teams of three students plus one alternate are selected from among those who finished highest in their respective countries' national competitions (e.g. the National Geographic Bee in the U.S.A., the Olimpíada Geográfica Argentina in Argentina or the Australian Geography Competition in Australia).  On the first day of competition, these teams take a written test on which all members confer and work together, then take part in a team geography skills-testing activity, such as using a map to find specified locations in unfamiliar surroundings.  The scores from these two events are tallied, and the top three teams advance to the final round on the second day.  The final round consists of questions primarily in the style of the National Geographic Bee, as a moderator (since 1993, Alex Trebek) reads questions to one team or one individual at a time.  These questions may also involve the use of visual aids such as maps or photographs.  Members of the top three teams receive bronze, silver, or gold medals for finishing third, second, or first, respectively. <SEP> Andrew Wojtanik (born 1989) was the winner of the National Geographic Bee hosted by Alex Trebek in 2004, and the National Geographic World Championship in 2005.  To get to the National Geographic Bee finals, he survived two tiebreakers to advance to the final round against 13-year-old Matthew Wells of Montana, beating him to win a $25,000 scholarship.  He credits his success to a 384-page book he compiled, which is now an official study guide for the Bee, called "Afghanistan to Zimbabwe: Country Facts That Helped Me Win the National Geographic Bee", which was published in 2004.  A second edition, "The National Geographic Bee Ultimate Fact Book: Countries A to Z", was published in 2011.  Andrew lived in Overland Park, Kansas and in 2008 graduated from Blue Valley West High School.  His family has since moved to Florida. <SEP>  A number of cultures have such gatherings, often for the purpose of holding a competition, such as a spelling bee, or for providing manual labour, such as in a barn raising, or quilting bee. Communal work is a gathering to accomplish a task or to hold a competition.
Question: Which author won the Nobel Prize in literature earlier, Ernest Hemingway or Elias Canetti?

Elias Canetti ( ; Bulgarian: Елиас Канети ; 25 July 1905 – 14 August 1994) was a German language author, born in Ruse, Bulgaria, and later a British citizen.  He won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1981, "for writings marked by a broad outlook, a wealth of ideas and artistic power".  He was a modernist novelist, playwright, memoirist and non-fiction writer. <SEP> Carolina Schutti (born 1976) is an Austrian writer.  Born in Innsbruck, she studied an eclectic range of subjects: German philology, English and American Studies, and music.  She obtained her PhD on the work of the Nobel Prize-winning writer Elias Canetti.  She then taught at the University of Florence, before joining Literaturhaus am Inn as a researcher.  She has published widely on literary matters.  Schutti received the 2015 EU Prize for Literature for her novel "Einmal muss ich über weiches Gras gelaufen sein" ("Once I must have trodden soft grass"). <SEP> The PEN/Hemingway Award is awarded annually to a full-length novel or book of short stories by an American author who has not previously published a full-length book of fiction.  The award is named after Ernest Hemingway and funded by the Hemingway family, the Ernest Hemingway Foundation/Society, and PEN New England.  Mary Hemingway, a member of PEN, founded the award in 1976 both to honor the memory of her husband and to recognize distinguished first books of fiction. <SEP>  His economical and understated style had a strong influence on 20th-century fiction, while his life of adventure and his public image influenced later generations. Ernest Miller Hemingway (July 21, 1899 – July 2, 1961) was an American novelist, short story writer, and journalist.  Hemingway produced most of his work between the mid-1920s and the mid-1950s, and won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954.  He published seven novels, six short story collections, and two non-fiction works.  Additional works, including three novels, four short story collections, and three non-fiction works, were published posthumously.  Many of his works are considered classics of American literature.
Question: Has Kendall Schmidt played more roles in TV shows than Sharleen Spiteri?

First Contact is the debut studio album by American house producer Roger Sanchez, released in July 2001 by Defected Records.  After establishing himself as a popular DJ and remixer throughout the 1990s, Sanchez decided he wanted to create more of his own music and record a studio album, feeling he had "a bit of a story to tell with [his life]," and conceived the album to be a very personal "reflection of his life", recording the album from 1997–2001.  Music critics have described "First Contact" as a disco house album which displays a disparate array of influences and styles, including garage, Latin and electro.  Numerous guest vocalists, including Cooly's Hot Box, N'Dea Davenport and Sharleen Spiteri, contribute vocals to the album. <SEP>  In 2013, Texas's worldwide album sales were counted at 40 million. Sharleen Eugene Spiteri (born 7 November 1967) is a Scottish recording artist and songwriter from Finnieston, Glasgow, Scotland, and the lead singer of the rock band Texas. <SEP> Kendall Francis Schmidt (born November 2, 1990) is an American actor, pop rock singer-songwriter and music producer.  He is best known for playing Kendall Knight in "Big Time Rush", participating in a boy band with the same name, and playing small roles on several TV shows such as "ER", "Without a Trace", "Phil of the Future", "Ghost Whisperer", "Gilmore Girls", and "Frasier".  Schmidt's first single with Heffron Drive, "Parallel," was released in March 2014 through his very own record label TOLBooth Records. <SEP> The Movie Songbook is the second studio album by Scottish singer-songwriter Sharleen Spiteri.  It was released on 1 March 2010.  The album consists of film song covers, chosen and recorded by Spiteri in 2009.
Question: What is the name of the 2013 movie starring Lee Eun-woo that was temporarily banned in South Korea?

Lee Eun-woo (born August 22, 1980) is a South Korean actress.  She has worked on films such as "Moebius" and "Kabukicho Love Hotel".  In 2013, she was nominated for Best New Actress at the 34th Blue Dragon Film Awards. <SEP> A dispute exists over the international name for the body of water which is bordered by Japan, Korea (North and South) and Russia.  In 1992, objections to the name Sea of Japan were first raised by North Korea and South Korea at the Sixth United Nations Conference on the Standardization of Geographical Names.  The Japanese government supports the exclusive use of the name "Sea of Japan" (日本海), while South Korea supports the alternative name "East Sea" (Hangul: 동해 ; Hanja: 東海 ), and North Korea supports the name "Korean East Sea" (Chosŏn'gŭl: 조선동해 ; Hancha: 朝鮮東海 ).  Currently, most international maps and documents use either the name Sea of Japan (or equivalent translation) exclusively, and far fewer maps include both the name Sea of Japan and East Sea, often with East Sea listed in parentheses or otherwise marked as a secondary name.  The International Hydrographic Organization, the international governing body for the naming of bodies of water around the world, in 2012 decided not to change the current single name "Sea of Japan" rejecting South Korea's request to use "East Sea" together with "Sea of Japan". <SEP> Joint Security Area (Korean: 공동경비구역 JSA ) is a 2000 South Korean mystery thriller film starring Lee Young-ae, Lee Byung-hun and Song Kang-ho.  It was directed by Park Chan-wook and is based on the novel "DMZ" by Park Sang-yeon.  The film, which was shot on location in South Korea, concerns an investigation into the circumstances surrounding a fatal shooting incident within the DMZ, the heavily fortified border that separates North and South Korea. <SEP>  It was screened out of competition at the 70th Venice International Film Festival.  It was initially banned in South Korea, before the Korea Media Rating Board reviewed the film and changed the rating. Moebius is a 2013 South Korean horror drama film written and directed by Kim Ki-duk.
Question: Who coined the phrase three-peat after the Los Angeles Lakers defeated the Detroit Pistons in 1988, 4 games to 3?

 The term, a portmanteau of the words "three" and "repeat", originated with the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association, during their unsuccessful campaign for a third consecutive championship during the 1988–89 season, having won the previous 2 NBA Finals in 1987 and 1988 against the Boston Celtics and Detroit Pistons, but were swept by the Pistons in the 1989 NBA Finals.  The term is a registered trademark owned by Pat Riley, the Lakers' head coach from 1981–1990, although it was coined by L.A. player Byron Scott immediately after their victorious championship defense against the Detroit Pistons in the 1988 NBA Finals. Three-peat is a term used primarily in American sports to refer to winning three consecutive championships. <SEP>  The Western Conference champion Los Angeles Lakers defeated the Eastern Conference champion Detroit Pistons 4 games to 3. The 1988 NBA Finals was the championship round of the National Basketball Association (NBA)'s 1987–88 season, and the culmination of the season's playoffs. <SEP> The Lakers–Pistons rivalry is an American professional basketball rivalry between the Los Angeles Lakers and Detroit Pistons.  This rivalry, which was showcased 3 times in the NBA Finals (1988, 1989, 2004), pitted the high-flying, All-Star filled Lakers teams against the blue collar, team-first oriented Pistons squads.  Despite playing the role of underdog in all 3 of their final round meetings with Los Angeles, Detroit enjoyed significant success against the Lakers, claiming the NBA title against them twice. <SEP> The 1988 NBA Playoffs was the postseason tournament of the National Basketball Association's 1987–88 season.  The tournament concluded with the Western Conference champion Los Angeles Lakers defeating the Eastern Conference champion Detroit Pistons 4 games to 3 in the NBA Finals.  James Worthy was named NBA Finals MVP.
Question: In which DC Comic story did the character played by Teagan Croft in Titans first appear?

 The name "Starfire" first appeared in a DC Comic in the story "The Answer Man of Space," in Mystery In Space #73, February, 1962, written by Gardner F. Fox. Starfire (Koriand'r) is a fictional superheroine appearing in books published by DC Comics.  She debuted in a preview story inserted within "DC Comics Presents" #26 (October 1980) and was created by Marv Wolfman and George Pérez.  In 2013, Starfire placed 21st on IGN's Top 25 Heroes of DC Comics.  She was also ranked 20th in "Comics Buyer's Guide"' s "hot and sexy Women in Comics" list. <SEP> The Culling is a DC Comic crossover story arc in their relaunched The New 52.  It involves three titles: Teen Titans, Legion Lost and Superboy, which is the conclusion to story arcs in all three titles involving the villainous organization N.O.W.H.E.R.E.  It begins in Teen Titans Annual #1, and runs through the ninth issues of each of the three series.  In its wake, a new series titled "The Ravagers" was launched. <SEP> Titans East is the name of several DC Comics teams.  The teams appear in the "Teen Titans" comic books and animated series.  The comic book incarnation of Titans East first appeared in the "Titans Tomorrow" storyline, which is set in the future.  The first modern incarnation appeared in "Teen Titans" vol.  3, #43 (2007), as a group of villains led by Deathstroke.  Cyborg has recently assembled a new version of the team. <SEP> Titans is an upcoming American television series that will air on an unnamed DC Comics digital service, based on the DC Comics team of the same name.  Akiva Goldsman, Geoff Johns, and Greg Berlanti created the series, which sees Brenton Thwaites star as Dick Grayson, the leader of the Titans, alongside Anna Diop and Teagan Croft as Starfire and Raven, respectively.
Question: In which city is based the Adelson Foundation, a private charitable foundation founded by the business magnate and philanthropist who also owns the Marina Bay Sands in Singapore?

 He is the founder, chairman and chief executive officer of Las Vegas Sands Corporation, which owns the Marina Bay Sands in Singapore, and is the parent company of Venetian Macao Limited, which operates The Venetian Resort Hotel Casino and the Sands Expo and Convention Center.  He also owns the Israeli daily newspaper "Israel Hayom", and the "Las Vegas Review-Journal".  Adelson, a lifelong donor and philanthropist to a variety of causes, founded with his wife's initiative the Adelson Foundation. Sheldon Gary Adelson (pronounced ; born August 4, 1933) is an American business magnate, investor, and philanthropist.  He is a member of the Republican Party. <SEP> Lee Foundation is Singapore's Largest Private Charitable foundation, created to aid "the advancement of education, medicine and helping the poor; and assisting victims of fire, flood and famine", It also funded other philanthropic work.  It was founded in 1952 by philanthropist and businessman, Lee Kong Chian.  It is run by a board comprising his descendants and non-family members, board members include his eldest son Lee Seng Gee (Chairman of Lee foundation and Lee Group of Companies), Lee Seng Tee (well respected philanthropist) Lee Seng Wee (former Chairman of OCBC), Lee Han Shih (notably outspoke former journalist for the Business Times), and Lee Shih Hua, Alan. <SEP>  The organization is based in Los Angeles. The Adelson Foundation is an American private charitable foundation founded by business magnate Sheldon Adelson and his wife Miriam. <SEP> The Pechet Foundation is an American private charitable foundation founded by Maurice Pechet.  The organization is based in Dover, Massachusetts.
Question: Who directed the french romantic comedy film that won two Lumières awards, as well as, nine nominations at the 40th César Awards?

Girlhood (French: Bande de filles , "Gang of Girls") is a 2014 French drama film directed by Céline Sciamma, starring Karidja Touré.  It is a coming of age film that focuses on the life of Marieme (Karidja Touré), a girl who lives in a rough neighborhood right outside of Paris The film discusses and challenges conceptions of race, gender and class; Sciamma's goal was to capture the stories of black teenagers, characters she claims are generally underdeveloped in French films.  It was screened as part of the Directors' Fortnight section of the 2014 Cannes Film Festival.  It was also screened in the Contemporary World Cinema section at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival.  It received four nominations at the 40th César Awards, including Best Director for Céline Sciamma and Most Promising Actress for Karidja Touré. <SEP> Respire (also known as Breathe) is a 2014 French drama film based on the novel of the same name by Anne-Sophie Brasme.  The film was directed by Mélanie Laurent and stars Joséphine Japy, Lou de Laâge, Isabelle Carré and Claire Keim.  It was screened in the International Critics' Week section at the 2014 Cannes Film Festival.  It was also screened in the Contemporary World Cinema section at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival.  In January 2015, the film received three nominations at the 20th Lumières Awards and also two nominations at the 40th César Awards. <SEP>  It was screened as part of the Directors' Fortnight section of the 2014 Cannes Film Festival, where it won the FIPRESCI Prize in the Parallel Section. Love at First Fight (French: Les Combattants ) is a 2014 French romantic comedy film directed by Thomas Cailley.  In January 2015, the film received nine nominations at the 40th César Awards, winning Best Actress, Most Promising Actor and Best First Feature Film. <SEP> Timbuktu", "La Famille Bélier" and "Love at First Fight" won two awards each. The 20th Lumières Awards ceremony, presented by the Académie des Lumières, was held on 2 February 2015, at the Espace Pierre Cardin in Paris.  Nominations were announced on 12 January 2015. " Saint Laurent" garnered the most nominations with a total of five. "
Question:  Thlocklo Tustenuggee as reported in newspapers, as were the deaths of other prominent Native American leaders who died in connection with a series of what?

The Trail of Tears was a series of forced removals of Native American nations from their ancestral homelands in the Southeastern United States to an area west of the Mississippi River that had been designated as Indian Territory.  The forced relocations were carried out by various government authorities following the passage of the Indian Removal Act in 1830.  The relocated people suffered from exposure, disease, and starvation while en route, and more than four thousand died before reaching their various destinations.  The removal included members of the Cherokee, Muscogee (Creek), Seminole, Chickasaw, and Choctaw nations.  The phrase "Trail of Tears" originated from a description of the removal of the Cherokee Nation in 1838. <SEP> Montour Falls is a village located in Schuyler County, New York, United States.  A population of 1,711 was reported by the US Census of 2010.  A waterfall at the end of West Main Street gives the village its name.  The name "Montour" is derived from Queen Catharine Montour, a prominent Native American woman of Seneca Indian heritage who lived at the village site in the 18th century. <SEP> Grey Beard (died 1875) was a Southern Cheyenne medicine man and chief.  Among the Native American leaders and civilians rounded up at the end of the Red River War to be transported as a prisoner of war to Fort Marion in Florida, he is one of two who died during the incarceration. <SEP>  He spoke English fluently, and also spoke Muscogee.  Tustenuggee was one of the three leaders of the 300 Seminoles who fought in the battle that became known as the Dade Massacre.  During the war, he and Halleck Tustenuggee, another prominent Seminole leader in the war, met with General Walker Keith Armistead to negotiate, but negotiations broke down and the war resumed. Thlocklo Tustenuggee (also known as Thlocko, Thlocco, and Tiger Tail) was one of the most prominent Seminole leaders in the Second Seminole War.  As the war waned, Armistead used money to bribe several Seminole leaders to surrender, but Tustenuggee refused to be bribed and he continued to lead his band in fighting.  When the war ended, his Seminole band was one of the few that remained in Florida.  In 1843, Tustenuggee and 26 of his followers were forcibly migrated from Florida to New Orleans, Louisiana.  They were transported by the USS "Lawrence" along with 65 other Native Americans and three black slaves.  Tustenuggee then committed suicide by swallowing powdered glass.  His death was reported in newspapers, as were the deaths of other prominent Native American leaders who died in connection with the Trail of Tears.
Question: Who is the Italian director who has directed Roona Mara and is also a countess?

Countess Mara, founded in 1935 by Lucilla Mara de Vescovi, was an Italian menswear fashion label specialising in high-end pictorial neckties.  The brand has been owned by Randa Accessories since 1998. <SEP>  It was written and directed by Tatiana von Fürstenberg and Francesca Gregorini. Tanner Hall is a 2009 drama filmabout four girls having their coming-of-age in boarding school.  It stars Rooney Mara, Georgia King, Brie Larson, Amy Ferguson, Tom Everett Scott, Amy Sedaris, Chris Kattan, and Shawn Pyfrom. <SEP> Francesca Gregorini (born August 7, 1968 as Countess Francesca McKnight Donatella Romana Gregorini di Savignano di Romagna) is an Italian-American director and writer. <SEP> Sergio Donati (born 13 April 1933) is an Italian screenwriter.  He has written for more than 70 films since 1952.  He was born in Rome, Italy.  He started as a writer and had some of his books optioned for film.  He is well known for his collaboration with Italian director Sergio Leone, who encouraged him to take up screenwriting as a full-time career, and with Italian producer Dino de Laurentis.
Question: In what year was James Smith defeated and lost his heavyweight title to Mike Tyson?

James "Buster" Douglas (born April 7, 1960) is an American former professional boxer who competed from 1981 to 1990, and 1996 to 1999.  He is best known for his stunning upset of Mike Tyson on February 11, 1990 in Tokyo to win the undisputed heavyweight title.  At the time Tyson was undefeated and considered to be the best boxer in the world, as well as one of the most feared heavyweight champions in history due to his domination of the division over the previous three years.  The only casino to make odds for the fight (all others declining to do so as they considered the fight such a foregone conclusion) had Douglas as a 42-to-1 underdog for the fight, making his victory, in commentator Jim Lampley's words, "The biggest upset in the history of heavyweight championship fights."  Douglas held the title for eight months and two weeks, losing on October 25, 1990 to Evander Holyfield via third-round knockout, in his only title defense. <SEP> James "Bonecrusher" Smith (born April 3, 1953) is an American former professional boxer who competed from 1981 to 1999, and held the WBA heavyweight title from 1986 to 1987.  He was the first heavyweight champion with a college degree. <SEP> Michael Gerard Tyson ( ; born June 30, 1966) is an American former professional boxer who competed from 1985 to 2005.  He reigned as the undisputed world heavyweight champion and holds the record as the youngest boxer to win a heavyweight title at 20 years, 4 months and 22 days old.  Tyson won his first 19 professional fights by knockout, 12 of them in the first round.  He won the WBC title in 1986 after stopping Trevor Berbick in two rounds, and added the WBA and IBF titles after defeating James Smith and Tony Tucker in 1987.  This made Tyson the first heavyweight boxer to simultaneously hold the WBA, WBC and IBF titles, and the only heavyweight to successively unify them. <SEP> Lennox Lewis vs. Mike Tyson, billed as "Lewis–Tyson: Is On", was a professional boxing match that took place on June 8, 2002 at the Pyramid Arena in Memphis, Tennessee, United States, between IBF, IBO and WBC heavyweight champion Lennox Lewis and former IBF, WBA and WBC heavyweight champion Mike Tyson.  The fight was for Lewis' heavyweight championship titles.  Lewis defeated Tyson by knockout in the eighth round.
Question: Cassius Marcellus Clay Sr. is the father of this American former heavyweight boxer, younger brother to Muhammad, born in what year?

Cassius Marcellus Clay (November 11, 1912 – February 8, 1990) was an American painter and musician.  He married Odessa Lee O'Grady in the 1930s and worked as a painter and a musician.  He was described as "a handsome, mercurial, noisy, combative failed dreamer" and a "hard-drinking, skirt-chasing dandy of a daddy".  He was the father of three-time World Heavyweight Champion Muhammad Ali and Rahman Ali, and the grandfather of Laila Ali.  His son Muhammad Ali described him as "the fanciest dancer in Louisville". <SEP> Odessa Lee Clay (née O'Grady; February 12, 1917 – August 20, 1994) was the mother of three-time World Heavyweight Champion Muhammad Ali and Rahman Ali, and the grandmother of Laila Ali.  She married Cassius Marcellus Clay, Sr. in the 1930s and worked for some time as a household domestic to help support her young children. <SEP> The Soul of a Butterfly is the autobiography of Muhammad Ali, born Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr., a former heavyweight boxer who was a three time World Heavyweight Champion and is the greatest heavyweight of all time. <SEP> Rahman Ali (born Rudolph Valentino Clay ; July 18, 1943) is an American former heavyweight boxer.  He is the younger brother of the late Muhammad Ali.
Question: What Slovakian palace served as the location for the signing of a truce agreement between Napoleon and Holy Roman Emperor Francis II?

 It was built from 1778 to 1781 for Archbishop József Batthyány, after the design of architect Melchior Hefele.  In 1805, the Palace's Hall of Mirrors saw the signing of the fourth Peace of Pressburg, ending the War of the Third Coalition. The Primate's Palace (Slovak: "Primaciálny palác" ; Hungarian: "Prímási palota" ) is a neoclassical palace in the Old Town of Bratislava the capital of Slovakia.  Today, it serves as the seat of Mayor of Bratislava. <SEP>  A truce was agreed on 4 December, and negotiations for the treaty began.  The treaty was signed in Pressburg (now Bratislava), at that time in Hungary, by Johann I Josef, Prince of Liechtenstein, and the Hungarian Count Ignaz Gyulai for Austria and Charles Maurice de Talleyrand for France. The fourth Peace of Pressburg (also known as the Treaty of Pressburg; German: "Preßburger Frieden" ; French: "Traité de Presbourg" ) was signed on 26 December 1805 between Napoleon and Holy Roman Emperor Francis II as a consequence of the French victories over the Austrians at Ulm (25 September – 20 October) and Austerlitz (2 December). <SEP> Karl Anselm, 4th Prince of Thurn and Taxis, full German name: "Karl Anselm Fürst von Thurn und Taxis" (2 June 1733, Frankfurt am Main, Free Imperial City of Frankfurt, Holy Roman Empire – 13 November 1805, Winzer bei Regensburg, Electorate of Bavaria, Holy Roman Empire) was the fourth Prince of Thurn and Taxis, Postmaster General of the Imperial Reichspost, and Head of the Princely House of Thurn and Taxis from 17 March 1773 until his death on 13 November 1805.  Karl Anselm served as "Prinzipalkommissar" at the Perpetual Imperial Diet in Regensburg for Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor and Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor from 1773 to 1797. <SEP> The Battle of Austerlitz (2 December 1805/11 Frimaire An XIV FRC), also known as the Battle of the Three Emperors, was one of the most important and decisive engagements of the Napoleonic Wars.  In what is widely regarded as the greatest ever victory achieved by Napoleon, the "Grande Armée" of France defeated a larger Russian and Austrian army led by Tsar Alexander I and Holy Roman Emperor Francis II.  The battle occurred near the town of Austerlitz in the Austrian Empire (modern-day Slavkov u Brna in the Czech Republic).  Austerlitz brought the War of the Third Coalition to a rapid end, with the Treaty of Pressburg signed by the Austrians later in the month.  The battle is often cited as a tactical masterpiece, in the same league as other historic engagements like Cannae or Arbela.
Question: did Family Circle or Ms. begin publication in 1932?

The 2006 Family Circle Cup was the 34th edition of the Family Circle Cup.  This WTA Tier I Event was held at the Family Circle Tennis Center in Charleston, South Carolina, United States. <SEP> The 2005 Family Circle Cup was the 33rd edition of the Family Circle Cup.  This WTA Tier I Event was held at the Family Circle Tennis Center in Charleston, South Carolina, USA. <SEP>  It began publication in 1932 as a magazine distributed at supermarkets such as Piggly Wiggly and Safeway.  Cowles Magazines and Broadcasting bought the magazine in 1962.  The New York Times Company bought the magazine for its woman's magazine division in 1971.  The division was sold to Gruner + Jahr in 1994. Family Circle is an American home magazine published 12 times a year by Meredith Corporation.  When Gruner + Jahr decided to exit the US magazine market in 2005, the magazine was sold to the Meredith Corporation. <SEP>  "Ms." first appeared in 1971 as an insert in "New York" magazine. Ms. is an American liberal feminist magazine co-founded by second-wave feminists and sociopolitical activists Gloria Steinem and Dorothy Pitman Hughes.  Founding editors were Letty Cottin Pogrebin, Mary Thom, Patricia Carbine, Joanne Edgar, Nina Finkelstein, and Mary Peacock.  The first stand-alone issue appeared in January 1972 with funding from "New York" editor Clay Felker.  From July 1972 to 1987, it appeared on a monthly basis.  It now publishes quarterly.
Question: Ren Klyce was the primary sound director on every one of his films since "Seven" which was a crime thriller directed by who?

Dagashi Kashi is an anime series based on the manga series of the same name, written and illustrated by Kotoyama.  The 12-episode anime adaptation premiered in January 2016.  It was produced at Feel, and was directed by Shigehito Takayanagi, who also handled the series composition together with Yasuko Kamo.  Kanetoshi Kamimoto was in charge of character design, and Satoshi Motoyama was the series' sound director.  A second season is planned to premiere in 2018, with Tezuka Productions taking over the series production, and Feel instead being credited for setting cooperation.  While Motoyama returns as sound director, several other duties have been taken over by new staff: for the second season, Satoshi Kuwabara is in charge of direction, Mayumi Morita handles the series composition, and Nana Miura designs the characters. <SEP>  He has been nominated for five Academy Awards; three for Best Sound Mixing and two for Best Sound Editing.  He is best known for his frequent collaborations with director David Fincher, having been the primary sound designer on every one of his films since "Seven", including "The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo".  Most of his work in sound design has been with Skywalker Sound and Mit Out Sound.  As a musician, he has worked with Narada Michael Walden and Walter Afanasieff, playing synthesizers like Fairlight CMI, Akai Synthesizer, Emulator II and LinnDrum. Ren Klyce is an American supervising sound editor, re-recording mixer and musician. <SEP> Harald Kloser (born July 9, 1956) is an Austrian film composer, producer and screenwriter.  Since his critical and commercial breakthrough in 2005, in which he won the BMI Film Music Award for both of his scores for "Alien vs. Predator" and "The Day After Tomorrow," he has become a regular collaborator of the latter's director, Roland Emmerich, having composed music for every one of the director's films since 2004, excluding "Stonewall" (2015).  Out of those films, all but "Anonymous" (2011) have been collaborations with fellow composer Thomas Wander. <SEP> Seven (sometimes stylized as SE7EN) is a 1995 American neo-noir crime thriller film directed by David Fincher and starring Brad Pitt, Morgan Freeman, Gwyneth Paltrow, John C. McGinley, R. Lee Ermey, and Kevin Spacey.  The film was based on a screenplay by Andrew Kevin Walker.  It tells the story of David Mills (Pitt), a young detective who is partnered with the retiring William Somerset (Freeman) and soon tasked with tracking down a serial killer (Spacey) who uses the seven deadly sins as tropes in his murders.
Question:  Stabat Mater, Op. 53 was composed in 1925 to 1926 by a Polish composer and pianist who was considered a memeber of what modernist movement?

Karol Maciej Szymanowski (] ; 6 October 188229 March 1937) was a Polish composer and pianist, the most celebrated Polish composer of the early 20th century.  He is considered a member of the late 19th-/early 20th-century modernist movement Young Poland and widely viewed as one of the greatest Polish composers. <SEP>  53, was composed in 1925 to 1926 for soprano, alto and baritone soloists, SATB choir, and orchestra.  The work is divided into six movements and uses Jozef Janowski's (1865–1935) Polish translation of the Marian hymn, Stabat Mater. Karol Szymanowski's Stabat Mater, Op. <SEP> Stabat Mater is a work by Gioachino Rossini based on the traditional structure of the Stabat Mater for chorus and soloists.  Initially he used his own librettos and compositions for a portion of the work and, eventually, the remainder by Giovanni Tadolini, who composed six additional movements.  Rossini presented the completed work to Varela as his own.  It was composed late in his career after retiring from the composition of opera.  He began the work in 1831 but did not complete it until 1841. <SEP> Stabat Mater (Op.  58, originally Op. 28, B. 71) for soli, choir and orchestra is a religious cantata by the Czech composer Antonín Dvořák based on the text of the Stabat Mater.  The work was sketched in 1876 and completed in 1877.
Question: In which political party is the senator of the district of the New York Senate that contains a village which had a population of 3,103 at the time of the 2010 Census?

 The population was 3,103 at the time of the 2010 census. Brightwaters is an upper-middle class village in the southwest part of the Town of Islip in Suffolk County, New York, United States. <SEP>  He is a Republican. Phillip A. "Phil" Boyle (born July 21, 1961) is the Senator for the 4th District of the New York Senate.  The district includes the villages of Babylon, Brightwaters, Lindenhurst, Ocean Beach, Saltaire in Suffolk County on Long Island. <SEP> The 1916 Republican National Convention was held in Chicago from June 7 to June 10.  A major goal of the party's bosses at the convention was to heal the bitter split within the party that had occurred in the 1912 presidential campaign.  In that year, Theodore Roosevelt bolted the GOP and formed his own political party, the Progressive Party, which contained most of the GOP's liberals.  William Howard Taft, the incumbent president, won the nomination of the regular Republican Party.  This split in the GOP ranks divided the Republican vote and led to the election of Democrat Woodrow Wilson.  Although several candidates were openly competing for the 1916 nomination—most prominently conservative Senator Elihu Root of New York, Senator John W. Weeks of Massachusetts, and liberal Senator Albert Cummins of Iowa—the party's bosses wanted a moderate who would be acceptable to all factions of the party.  They turned to Supreme Court Justice Charles Evans Hughes, who had served on the court since 1910 and thus had the advantage of not having publicly spoken about political issues in six years.  Although he had not sought the nomination, Hughes made it known that he would not turn it down; he won the nomination on the third ballot.  Former Vice-President Charles W. Fairbanks was nominated as his running mate.  Hughes was the only Supreme Court Justice to be nominated for president by a major political party.  Fairbanks (as of 2016) was the last former vice president, to be nominated for vice president. <SEP> Pomona is a village partly in the town of Ramapo and partly in the town of Haverstraw in Rockland County, New York, United States.  It is located north of New Hempstead, east of Harriman State Park, north of Monsey and west of Mount Ivy.  According to the 2010 Census, the population was 3,103, a 13 percent increase from the 2000 figure of 2,726.
Question: Seneca Meadows Landfill Sends this Chemical compound with the chemical formula CH to  a nearby independent facility for producing electricity

Adamantane is a colorless, crystalline chemical compound with a camphor-like odor.  With a formula CH, it is a cycloalkane and also the simplest diamondoid.  Adamantane molecules consists of four connected cyclohexane rings arranged in the "armchair" configuration.  It is unique in that it is both rigid and virtually stress-free.  A boat-shaped configuration can also exist.  Adamantane is the most stable among all the isomers with formula CH, which include the somewhat similar twistane.  The spatial arrangement of carbon atoms in the adamantane molecule is the same as in the diamond crystal.  This motivates the name "adamantane", which is derived from the Greek "adamantinos" (relating to steel or diamond). <SEP>  It is the largest active landfill in New York State, as well as Seneca County's fourth largest industrial employer.  At peak times, the company employs more than 160 full-time workers.  In 2005, it accepted more than 6,000 tons of garbage a day from multiple states (then three).  The height limit was 280 ft . Seneca Meadows, owned by Seneca Meadows, Inc. (SMI) is a landfill in Seneca Falls, New York, near Town of Waterloo, with almost 400 acres of landfill and a 2600 acre facility.  Methane gas is sent to a nearby independent facility for producing electricity, some of which Seneca Meadows buys back for its own power needs.  Seneca Meadows began producing gas for electricity in 1995, then producing 2.4 Megawatts. Today it produces 18 Megawatts, enough to power 15,000 to 18,000 homes.  Seneca Meadows parent company, IESI Corporation, claims that the revenue of the landfill is around $48 million. <SEP> Trinitrotoluene ( ; TNT), or more specifically 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, is a chemical compound with the formula CH(NO)CH.  This yellow solid is sometimes used as a reagent in chemical synthesis, but it is best known as an explosive material with convenient handling properties.  The explosive yield of TNT is considered to be the standard measure of bombs and other explosives.  In chemistry, TNT is used to generate charge transfer salts. <SEP> Methane ( or ) is a chemical compound with the chemical formula CH (one atom of carbon and four atoms of hydrogen).  It is a group-14 hydride and the simplest alkane, and is the main constituent of natural gas.  The relative abundance of methane on Earth makes it an attractive fuel, though capturing and storing it poses challenges due to its gaseous state under normal conditions for temperature and pressure.
Question: What was created to transport high quality "smokeless" bituminous coal from southern West Virginia to port at Hampton Roads, who's attorney was an officer in the Confederate States Army ?

Walter Herron Taylor (June 13, 1838 – March 1, 1916) was an American banker, lawyer, soldier, politician, author, and railroad executive from Norfolk, Virginia.  He was later a senator in the Virginia General Assembly, and attorney for the Norfolk and Western Railway and later the Virginian Railway.  During the American Civil War, he was an officer in the Confederate States Army, attaining the rank of lieutenant colonel as an aide to General Robert E. Lee. <SEP> The Virginian Railway (reporting mark VGN) was a Class I railroad located in Virginia and West Virginia in the United States.  The VGN was created to transport high quality "smokeless" bituminous coal from southern West Virginia to port at Hampton Roads. <SEP> Kay Moor, also known as Kaymoor, is the site of an abandoned coal mine, coal processing plant and coal town near Fayetteville, West Virginia.  The town site is located in the New River Gorge at Kaymoor Bottom .  It is linked to the mine portal 560 ft above on Sewell Bench in the wall of the Gorge by conveyors.  The mine exploited the New River Coalfield's Sewell Seam of "smokeless" low-volatile bituminous coal, while the town site was accessible only by the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad's mainline in the Gorge.  The last portion of the Kay Moor complex, Kaymoor Top was located at the Gorge rim and served as the terminus for the mountain haulage. <SEP> Building the Virginian Railway began as a project to create an 80 mi -long short line railroad to provide access for shipping of untapped bituminous coal reserves in southern West Virginia early in the 20th century.  After facing a refusal of the big railroads (who had their own coal lands) to negotiate equitable rates to interchange and forward the coal for shipping, the owners and their investors expanded their scheme and built a U.S. Class I railroad which extended from some of the most rugged terrain of West Virginia over 400 mi to reach port at Hampton Roads near Norfolk, Virginia.
Question: The actress that played Sandy Jameson in the tv series "7th Heaven", stars with Madeline Zima and Monica Lo in a 2008 film directed by who?

7th Heaven (also known as Seventh Heaven) is a 1927 American silent romantic drama directed by Frank Borzage, and starring Janet Gaynor and Charles Farrell.  The film is based upon the 1922 play "Seventh Heaven", by Austin Strong and was adapted for the screen by Benjamin Glazer.  "7th Heaven" was initially released as a standard silent film in May of 1927.  On September 10, 1927, Fox Film Corporation re-released the film with a synchronized Movietone soundtrack with a musical score and sound effects. <SEP> Haylie Katherine Duff (born February 19, 1985) is an American actress, singer, songwriter, television host, writer, and fashion designer.  She is best known on her role as Sandy Jameson in the television series "7th Heaven", Amy Sanders on "Lizzie McGuire", Summer Wheatley in "Napoleon Dynamite", and Annie Nelson in the made-for-television films "Love Takes Wing" along with its sequel "Love Finds a Home" (2009). <SEP> Pretty Little Devils is a 2008 American direct-to-video black comedy film directed by Irving Rothberg.  It stars Haylie Duff, Madeline Zima, Monica Lo, Margo Harshman, Brett Claywell and Tom Green. <SEP> Safe Harbor is an American television drama series that aired on The WB Television Network from September 20, 1999 to November 28, 1999.  The series was created and executive produced by Brenda Hampton, who at the time was best known for work on the fellow WB series "7th Heaven", the series was paired with "7th Heaven" on the network's Monday night lineup.  Despite "7th Heaven" being the No. 1 show on The WB during the 1999-2000 season, "Safe Harbor" was unable to hold a solid audience after "7th Heaven" and was canceled after ten episodes and one season with the show moving to Sunday nights where the last two episodes aired.
Question: Managed by English music manager and producer, John Arnison, Leftfield, a British electronic music group, began as a duo between who?

 It began as the duo of Neil Barnes and Paul Daley (formerly of the Rivals, A Man Called Adam and the Brand New Heavies).  In January 2010 Barnes resurrected Leftfield without Daley and, after touring for a few years, finished writing new material for a third album entitled "Alternative Light Source".  Daley declined to be involved and is focusing upon his solo career. Leftfield are a British electronic music group formed in 1989. <SEP> "White Noise" is a song by British electronic music duo Disclosure, featuring vocals from electronic music duo AlunaGeorge.  It was released as a digital download in the United Kingdom on 1 February 2013.  The song peaked at number two on the UK Singles Chart.  The track is the second single from the duo's debut studio album, "Settle" (2013).  The song was written by Howard Lawrence, Guy Lawrence, Aluna Francis, George Reid and James Napier. <SEP> John Arnison is an English music manager and producer.  Acts he has managed include Marillion in the 1980s and much of the 1990s, Gabrielle, Billy Ocean, Aswad, MN8, Charles & Eddie, Yusuf Islam (formerly Cat Stevens) Leftfield, Connie Talbot and Noisettes.  2015 John now runs John Arnison Music and Media, a bespoke management company Managing the Singer Billy Ocean and up and coming band CC Smugglers. <SEP> John Coletta (1932 – 9 July 2006) was an English music manager and music producer.  He managed Deep Purple, Whitesnake, Ritchie Blackmore's Rainbow, Praying Mantis and others.
Question: Who has a  company called Vertigo Productions and is based in Adelaide, Rolf de Heer or Jean-Marc Vallée?

The Old Man Who Read Love Stories is a 2001 Australian film directed by Rolf de Heer.  It is based on the book of the same name by Luis Sepulveda. <SEP>  De Heer was born in Heemskerk in the Netherlands but migrated to Sydney when he was eight years old.  He attended the Australian Film, Television and Radio School in Sydney.  His company is called Vertigo Productions and is based in Adelaide. Rolf de Heer (born 4 May 1951) is a Dutch Australian film director.  De Heer primarily makes alternative or arthouse films.  According to the jacket notes of the videotape, de Heer holds the honor of co-producing and directing the only motion picture, "Dingo", in which the jazz legend Miles Davis appears as an actor.  Miles Davis collaborated with Michel Legrand on the score.  He is the subject of the book "Dutch Tilt, Aussie Auteur: The Films of Rolf de Heer" (First edition – Saarbrücken, Germany: VDM, 2009.  Second edition – Ebook: Starrs via Smashwords.com, 2013) by Dr D. Bruno Starrs.  A comprehensive study of his films to date, "Dancing to His Song: the Singular Cinema of Rolf de Heer" by film critic Jane Freebury, is published in ebook and print (Currency Press & Currency House, 2015). <SEP> Dr Plonk is a 2007 Australian silent sci-fi comedy film written and directed by Rolf de Heer.  It premiered in Australia in at the 2007 Adelaide Film Festival and had live accompaniment by the Stiletto Sisters.  The film was also screened at the launch of Australia's National Film and Sound Archive's new cinema, Arc, in August 2007.  Its public cinema release is 30 August 2007. <SEP> Jean-Marc Vallée (born March 9, 1963) film director, screenwriter, and film editor from Québec, Canada.  After studying film at the Université du Québec à Montréal, Vallée went on to make a number of acclaimed short films, including "Stéréotypes" (1991), "Les Fleurs magiques" (1995), and "Les Mots magiques" (1998).