Question: During the 2008 torch relay, how many protesters were expected in Canberra in support of the region that had numerous contacts during Yuan, with the country where the Pug originates?

The late Turrell V. Wylie, a former professor of the University of Washington, and Li Tieh-tseng argue that the reliability of the heavily censored History of Ming as a credible source on Sino-Tibetan relations is questionable, in the light of modern scholarship. Other historians also assert that these Ming titles were nominal and did not actually confer the authority that the earlier Yuan titles had. Van Praag writes that the "numerous economically motivated Tibetan missions to the Ming Court are referred to as 'tributary missions' in the Ming Shih." Van Praag writes that these "tributary missions" were simply prompted by China's need for horses from Tibet, since a viable horse market in Mongol lands was closed as a result of incessant conflict. Morris Rossabi also writes that "Tibet, which had extensive contacts with China during the Yuan, scarcely had diplomatic relations with the Ming." <SEP> Taking note of the high number of Chinese supporters, Ted Quinlan, head of the Canberra torch relay committee, said: "We didn't expect this reaction from the Chinese community. It is obviously a well-coordinated plan to take the day by weight of numbers. But we have assurances that it will be done peacefully.". Also, Australia's ACT Chief Minister, Jon Stanhope confirmed that the Chinese embassy was closely involve to ensure that "pro-China demonstrators vastly outnumbered Tibetan activists." Australian freestyle swimmer and five-time Olympic gold medalist Ian Thorpe ended the Australian leg of the torch relay April 24, 2008, touching the flame to light a cauldron after a run that was only marginally marked by protests. People demonstrated both for China and for Tibet. At least five people were arrested during the torch relay. Up to 600 pro-Tibet protesters were expected to attend the relay, along with between 2,000 and 10,000 Chinese supporters. Police said "the five were arrested for interfering with the event under special powers enacted in the wake of massive protests against Chinese policy toward Tibet." At one point, groups of Chinese students surrounded and intimidated pro-Tibet protesters. One person had to be pulled aboard a police launch when a group of pro-Chinese students looked like they might force him into the lake. <SEP> following the conquest of dali in 1253, the former ruling duan dynasty were appointed as governors-general, recognized as imperial officials by the yuan, ming, and qing-era governments, principally in the province of yunnan. succession for the yuan dynasty, however, was an intractable problem, later causing much strife and internal struggle. this emerged as early as the end of kublai's reign. kublai originally named his eldest son, zhenjin, as the crown prince, but he died before kublai in 1285. thus, zhenjin's third son, with the support of his mother kökejin and the minister bayan, succeeded the throne and ruled as temür khan, or emperor chengzong, from 1294 to 1307. temür khan decided to maintain and continue much of the work begun by his grandfather. he also made peace with the western mongol khanates as well as neighboring countries such as vietnam, which recognized his nominal suzerainty and paid tributes for a few decades. however, the corruption in the yuan dynasty began during the reign of temür khan. <SEP> the yuan undertook extensive public works. among kublai khan's top engineers and scientists was the astronomer guo shoujing, who was tasked with many public works projects and helped the yuan reform the lunisolar calendar to provide an accuracy of 365.2425 days of the year, which was only 26 seconds off the modern gregorian calendar's measurement. road and water communications were reorganized and improved. to provide against possible famines, granaries were ordered built throughout the empire. the city of beijing was rebuilt with new palace grounds that included artificial lakes, hills and mountains, and parks. during the yuan period, beijing became the terminus of the grand canal of china, which was completely renovated. these commercially oriented improvements encouraged overland and maritime commerce throughout asia and facilitated direct chinese contacts with europe. chinese travelers to the west were able to provide assistance in such areas as hydraulic engineering. contacts with the west also brought the introduction to china of a major food crop, sorghum, along with other foreign food products and methods of preparation. <SEP> In the United Kingdom, in the nineteenth century, Queen Victoria developed a passion for pugs which she passed on to other members of the Royal family. Pugs were brought from China to Europe in the sixteenth century and were popularized in Western Europe by the House of Orange of the Netherlands, and the House of Stuart.