winkelee/scaling-down huggingface dataset:
Question: What is to the north of the country that held hostage 66 individuals from a country the Soviets did not want to engage in conflict?

Iran lies between latitudes 24° and 40° N, and longitudes 44° and 64° E. Its borders are with Azerbaijan (611 km or 380 mi, with Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave, 179 km or 111 mi) and Armenia (35 km or 22 mi) to the north-west; the Caspian Sea to the north; Turkmenistan (992 km or 616 mi) to the north-east; Pakistan (909 km or 565 mi) and Afghanistan (936 km or 582 mi) to the east; Turkey (499 km or 310 mi) and Iraq (1,458 km or 906 mi) to the west; and finally the waters of the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman to the south. Iran has an area of 1,648,195 km2 (636,372 sq mi). <SEP> In April 1950, Stalin gave Kim permission to invade the South under the condition that Mao would agree to send reinforcements if they became needed. Kim met with Mao in May 1950. Mao was concerned that the Americans would intervene but agreed to support the North Korean invasion. Stalin made it clear that Soviet forces would not openly engage in combat, to avoid a direct war with the Americans. China desperately needed the economic and military aid promised by the Soviets. At that time, the Chinese were in the process of demobilizing half of the PLA's 5.6 million soldiers. However, Mao sent more ethnic Korean PLA veterans to Korea and promised to move an army closer to the Korean border. Once Mao's commitment was secured, preparations for war accelerated. <SEP> Fifty - two American diplomats and citizens were held hostage for 444 days from November 4, 1979, to January 20, 1981, after a group of Iranian college students belonging to the Muslim Student Followers of the Imam's Line, who supported the Iranian Revolution, took over the U.S. Embassy in Tehran. It stands as the longest hostage crisis in recorded history. The Iran hostage crisis was a diplomatic standoff between Iran and the United States of America. <SEP> the nefa (north-east frontier agency) was created in 1954. the issue was quiet for nearly a decade, with a period of cordial sino-indian relations, but its resurgence in 1960 was a factor leading to the sino-indian border conflict of 1962. during the war in 1962, china captured most of the area of arunachal pradesh. however, china soon declared victory, withdrew back to the mcmahon line and returned indian prisoners of war in 1963. it is believed by some commentators that mao wanted to intimidate india for its continued support of the dalai lama, and for its stance on tibet being an independent state and not a chinese territory. there was a significant influx of tibetan refugees into india, primarily to dharamshala in north india. <SEP> memorial day or decoration day is a federal holiday in the united states for remembering the people who died while serving in the country's armed forces. the holiday, which is currently observed every year on the last monday of may, was held on may 29, 2017. the holiday was held on may 30 from 1868 to 1970. it marks the start of the unofficial summer vacation season, while labor day marks its end.
Question: Who became the leader of the country where 66 people the Soviets did not want to engage in conflict were held hostage for 444 days in the late 1970s?

Fifty - two American diplomats and citizens were held hostage for 444 days from November 4, 1979, to January 20, 1981, after a group of Iranian college students belonging to the Muslim Student Followers of the Imam's Line, who supported the Iranian Revolution, took over the U.S. Embassy in Tehran. It stands as the longest hostage crisis in recorded history. The Iran hostage crisis was a diplomatic standoff between Iran and the United States of America. <SEP> in 1978 brown was appointed director of the tasmanian wilderness society. in the late 1970s he emerged as a leader of the campaign to prevent construction of the franklin dam, which would have flooded the franklin river valley as part of a hydroelectricity project. brown was among the 1500 people arrested while protesting during the campaign. he subsequently spent 19 days in hobart's risdon prison. on the day of his release in 1983, he became a member of tasmania's parliament for the house of assembly seat of denison after the democrats mp norm sanders resigned to successfully stand for the australian senate; brown was elected to replace him on a countback. the franklin campaign was a success after federal government intervention protected the franklin river in 1983. <SEP> satymkul dzhumanazarov (; 17 september 1951 – 2 april 2007) was a soviet athlete from kyrgyzstan who competed mainly in the marathon. he competed for the ussr at the 1980 summer olympics held in moscow, soviet union, where he won the bronze medal in the men's marathon. <SEP> In April 1950, Stalin gave Kim permission to invade the South under the condition that Mao would agree to send reinforcements if they became needed. Kim met with Mao in May 1950. Mao was concerned that the Americans would intervene but agreed to support the North Korean invasion. Stalin made it clear that Soviet forces would not openly engage in combat, to avoid a direct war with the Americans. China desperately needed the economic and military aid promised by the Soviets. At that time, the Chinese were in the process of demobilizing half of the PLA's 5.6 million soldiers. However, Mao sent more ethnic Korean PLA veterans to Korea and promised to move an army closer to the Korean border. Once Mao's commitment was secured, preparations for war accelerated. <SEP> Mohammad Mosaddegh (Persian: محمد مصدق ‎ ‎; IPA: (mohæmˈmæd (- e) mosædˈdeɣ) (listen); 16 June 1882 -- 5 March 1967), was an Iranian politician. He was the head of a democratically elected government, holding office as the Prime Minister of Iran from 1951 until 1953, when his government was overthrown in a coup d'état aided by the United States' Central Intelligence Agency and the United Kingdom's Secret Intelligence Service.
Question: How much oil reserves does the country that held hostages from the country the Soviets did not want to engage conflict with for 444 days in the late 1970s have?

Iran has the second largest proved gas reserves in the world after Russia, with 33.6 trillion cubic metres, and third largest natural gas production in the world after Indonesia, and Russia. It is OPEC's 2nd largest oil exporter and is an energy superpower. In 2005, Iran spent US$4 billion on fuel imports, because of contraband and inefficient domestic use. Oil industry output averaged 4 million barrels per day (640,000 m3/d) in 2005, compared with the peak of six million barrels per day reached in 1974. It also ranks fourth in oil reserves with an estimated 153,600,000,000 barrels. In the early years of the 2000s (decade), industry infrastructure was increasingly inefficient because of technological lags. Few exploratory wells were drilled in 2005. <SEP> the amount of crossover between the ac chart and the hot 100 has varied based on how much the passing pop music trends of the times appealed to adult listeners. not many disco or new wave songs were particularly successful on the ac chart during the late 1970s and early 1980s, and much of the hip-hop and harder rock music featured on chr formats later in the decade would have been unacceptable on ac radio. <SEP> In April 1950, Stalin gave Kim permission to invade the South under the condition that Mao would agree to send reinforcements if they became needed. Kim met with Mao in May 1950. Mao was concerned that the Americans would intervene but agreed to support the North Korean invasion. China desperately needed the economic and military aid promised by the Soviets. At that time, the Chinese were in the process of demobilizing half of the PLA's 5.6 million soldiers. However, Mao sent more ethnic Korean PLA veterans to Korea and promised to move an army closer to the Korean border. Stalin made it clear that Soviet forces would not openly engage in combat, to avoid a direct war with the Americans. Once Mao's commitment was secured, preparations for war accelerated. <SEP> the troubles (irish: na trioblóidí) was an ethno - nationalist conflict in northern ireland during the late 20th century. also known internationally as the northern ireland conflict, and the conflict in ireland it is sometimes described as a ``guerrilla war ''or a`` low - level war''. the conflict began in the late 1960s and is usually deemed to have ended with the good friday agreement of 1998. although the troubles primarily took place in northern ireland, at times the violence spilled over into parts of the republic of ireland, england, and mainland europe. <SEP> Fifty - two American diplomats and citizens were held hostage for 444 days from November 4, 1979, to January 20, 1981, after a group of Iranian college students belonging to the Muslim Student Followers of the Imam's Line, who supported the Iranian Revolution, took over the U.S. Embassy in Tehran. It stands as the longest hostage crisis in recorded history. The Iran hostage crisis was a diplomatic standoff between Iran and the United States of America.
Question: What country does the president of the country One's performer is a citizen of rule over?

in september 2013, west was widely rebuked by human rights groups for performing in kazakhstan at the wedding of authoritarian president nursultan nazarbayev's grandson. he traveled to kazakhstan, which has one of the poorest human rights records in the world, as a personal guest of nazarbayev. other notable western performers, including sting, have previously cancelled performances in the country over human rights concerns. west was reportedly paid us$3 million for his performance. west had previously participated in cultural boycotts, joining shakira and rage against the machine in refusing to perform in arizona after the 2010 implementation of stop and search laws directed against potential illegal aliens. <SEP> It was released on 12 March 2013 on ZerOKilled Music and on a 10" Picture Disc vinyl on 1 August 2013 on Mecanica. The EP consists of four songs, linked by "one" theme and having almost the same length each. One is an EP by Italian electronic musician Tying Tiffany. <SEP> the constitution of south africa is the supreme law of the country of south africa. it provides the legal foundation for the existence of the republic, sets out the rights and duties of its citizens, and defines the structure of the government. the current constitution, the country's fifth, was drawn up by the parliament elected in 1994 in the first non-racial elections. it was promulgated by president nelson mandela on 18th december 1996 and came into effect on 4 february 1997, replacing the interim constitution of 1993. <SEP> She stated that the idea of her stage name was born from a photo book by artist Nobuyoshi Araki. Tying Tiffany (also known as TT and Tiff Lion) is an electronic music singer and songwriter, born in 1978 in Padua, Italy. <SEP> In 2007, Italian President Giorgio Napolitano, has awarded the title of Knight of the Order of "Merit of the Italian Republic".
Question: When did the country that the performer of One is a citizen of, surrender in WWII?

The Armistice of Cassibile was an armistice signed on 3 September 1943 by Walter Bedell Smith and Giuseppe Castellano, and made public on 8 September, between the Kingdom of Italy and the Allies of World War II. It was signed at a conference of generals from both sides in an Allied military camp at Cassibile in Sicily, which had recently been occupied by the Allies. The armistice was approved by both King Victor Emmanuel III and Italian Prime Minister Pietro Badoglio. The armistice stipulated the surrender of Italy to the Allies. <SEP> jirō shiizaki (椎崎二郎,"shiizaki jirō") (30 september 1911 – 15 august 1945) was a lieutenant colonel in the imperial japanese army in world war ii. he served as a member of the staff of the domestic affairs section of the military affairs bureau's war affairs section. shiizaki was one of several members of that staff to participate in a "coup" (the kyūjō incident) in the early morning of august 15, 1945, the day the emperor would declare japan's surrender. <SEP> She stated that the idea of her stage name was born from a photo book by artist Nobuyoshi Araki. Tying Tiffany (also known as TT and Tiff Lion) is an electronic music singer and songwriter, born in 1978 in Padua, Italy. <SEP> One is an EP by Italian electronic musician Tying Tiffany. It was released on 12 March 2013 on ZerOKilled Music and on a 10" Picture Disc vinyl on 1 August 2013 on Mecanica. The EP consists of four songs, linked by "one" theme and having almost the same length each. <SEP> death of a citizen is a 1960 spy novel by donald hamilton, and was the first in a long-running series of books featuring the adventures of assassin matt helm. the title refers to the metaphorical death of peaceful citizen and family man matt helm and the rebirth of the deadly and relentless assassin of world war ii.
Question: In what year were the Roman garrisons withdrawn from Pannonia to the country that the performer of One is a citizen of?

the kitos war (115–117; : "mered ha'galuyot" or "mered ha'tfutzot" [מרד התפוצות]; translation: rebellion of the diaspora. ) was one of the major jewish–roman wars, 66–136. the rebellions erupted in the year 115, when majority of the roman armies were fighting trajan's parthian war on the eastern border of the roman empire, major uprisings by ethnic judeans in cyrenaica, cyprus and egypt spiraled out of control, resulting in a widespread slaughter of left-behind roman garrisons and roman citizens by jewish rebels. <SEP> One is an EP by Italian electronic musician Tying Tiffany. It was released on 12 March 2013 on ZerOKilled Music and on a 10" Picture Disc vinyl on 1 August 2013 on Mecanica. The EP consists of four songs, linked by "one" theme and having almost the same length each. <SEP> Sporadic epigraphic evidence in grave site excavations, particularly in Brigetio (Szőny), Aquincum (Óbuda), Intercisa (Dunaújváros), Triccinae (Sárvár), Savaria (Szombathely), Sopianae (Pécs), and Osijek in Croatia, attest to the presence of Jews after the 2nd and 3rd centuries where Roman garrisons were established, There was a sufficient number of Jews in Pannonia to form communities and build a synagogue. Jewish troops were among the Syrian soldiers transferred there, and replenished from the Middle East, after 175 C.E. After Pannonia was ceded to the Huns in 433, the garrison populations were withdrawn to Italy, and only a few, enigmatic traces remain of a possible Jewish presence in the area some centuries later. Jews and especially Syrians came from Antioch, Tarsus and Cappadocia. Others came from Italy and the Hellenized parts of the Roman empire. The excavations suggest they first lived in isolated enclaves attached to Roman legion camps, and intermarried among other similar oriental families within the military orders of the region.Raphael Patai states that later Roman writers remarked that they differed little in either customs, manner of writing, or names from the people among whom they dwelt; and it was especially difficult to differentiate Jews from the Syrians. <SEP> there is a lock - in period of 15 years and the money can be withdrawn in full after its maturity period. however, pre-mature withdrawals can be made from the start of the seventh financial year. the maximum amount that can be withdrawn pre-maturely is equal to 50% of the amount that stood in the account at the end of 4th year preceding the year in which the amount is withdrawn or the end of the preceding year whichever is lower. <SEP> Tying Tiffany (also known as TT and Tiff Lion) is an electronic music singer and songwriter, born in 1978 in Padua, Italy. She stated that the idea of her stage name was born from a photo book by artist Nobuyoshi Araki.
Question: What is the classification of the country where Roberto Visentini was born?

It is open daily in the warmer months. The Giardino Botanico Fondazione André Heller (2 acres), also known as the Giardino Botanico A. Hruska, is a botanical garden located on the grounds of the André Heller Foundation above Lake Garda, in via Roma, Gardone Riviera, Province of Brescia, Lombardy, Italy. <SEP> Visentini was born in Gardone Riviera, in the province of Brescia, and had a brilliant junior career. In 1975, he was both Junior Italian champion and World Champion. As an amateur he won the 1977 time-trial Italian Championship. <SEP> Francovich v Italy (1991) C-6/90 was a decision of the European Court of Justice which established that European Union member states could be liable to pay compensation to individuals who suffered a loss by reason of the member state's failure to transpose an EU directive into national law. This principle is sometimes known as the principle of state liability or "the rule in "Francovich"" in European Union law. <SEP> cláudio ibrahim vaz leal (born 4 april 1964 in bagé, brazil), better known as branco, is brazilian former footballer who played as a left back. a member of the triumphant brazilian team in the 1994 fifa world cup, branco was a renowned free kick specialist (as was his international successor, roberto carlos) known for the habit of placing the valve of the ball in the direction that he wanted the free kick to go. <SEP> to further highlight the difference between a problem and an instance, consider the following instance of the decision version of the traveling salesman problem: is there a route of at most 2000 kilometres passing through all of germany's 15 largest cities? the quantitative answer to this particular problem instance is of little use for solving other instances of the problem, such as asking for a round trip through all sites in milan whose total length is at most 10 km. for this reason, complexity theory addresses computational problems and not particular problem instances.
Question: What is the country containing the administrative territorial entity where Vittoriale degli italiani can be found, an instance of?

This principle is sometimes known as the principle of state liability or "the rule in "Francovich"" in European Union law. Francovich v Italy (1991) C-6/90 was a decision of the European Court of Justice which established that European Union member states could be liable to pay compensation to individuals who suffered a loss by reason of the member state's failure to transpose an EU directive into national law. <SEP> a foreign direct investment (fdi) is an investment in the form of a controlling ownership in a business in one country by an entity based in another country. it is thus distinguished from a foreign portfolio investment by a notion of direct control. <SEP> the nastro d'argento (lit. "silver ribbon") is an italian film award awarded each year since 1946 by the "sindacato nazionale giornalisti cinematografici italiani" (lit. italian national syndicate of film journalists). the "nastro d'argento" is said to be the oldest movie award in europe. <SEP> The Giardino Botanico Fondazione André Heller (2 acres), also known as the Giardino Botanico A. Hruska, is a botanical garden located on the grounds of the André Heller Foundation above Lake Garda, in via Roma, Gardone Riviera, Province of Brescia, Lombardy, Italy. It is open daily in the warmer months. <SEP> It is where the Italian writer Gabriele d'Annunzio lived after his defenestration in 1922 until his death in 1938. The estate consists of the residence of d'Annunzio called the Prioria (priory), an amphitheatre, the protected cruiser set into a hillside, a boathouse containing the MAS vessel used by D'Annunzio in 1918 and a circular mausoleum. The Vittoriale degli italiani (English translation: "The shrine of Italian victories") is a hillside estate in the town of Gardone Riviera overlooking the Garda lake in province of Brescia, Lombardy. Its grounds are now part of the Grandi Giardini Italiani.
Question: In which country is the town sharing a border with the place where Giacomo Leone was born located?

hansapur is a village development committee in pyuthan, a "middle hills" district of rapti zone, western nepal. the village lies to the north east of the district sharing its border mainly to aargakhanchi. the area is mostly inhabited by bhramins and other castes too. the village or vdc is prominently a developing area in the district with proper facilities of electricity and communication. the place is well established for ginger (aduwa) and bee honey (maha; local). <SEP> The airport is located from the city of Monteiasi, from Grottaglie and from Taranto. It is named for Marcello Arlotta (1886-1918), an Italian aviator. Taranto-Grottaglie "Marcello Arlotta" Airport () is an airport serving Taranto and Grottaglie, both "comunes" in the province of Taranto in Italy. <SEP> Giacomo Leone (born 10 April 1971 in Francavilla Fontana, Brindisi) is a retired male long-distance runner from Italy. He set his personal best (2:07:52) in the marathon on 4 March 2001 in Otsu, Japan. Leone is best known for winning the 1996 edition of the New York City Marathon. <SEP> Ciro Annunchiarico (in Italian: Ciro Annicchiarico) (also known as: Papa Ciro) (16 December 1775 in Grottaglie – 8 February 1817 in Francavilla Fontana) was an Italian cult leader. <SEP> uruguay is a station on line 1 of milan metro in milan, italy. the underground station was opened in 1980 and is located between via benedetto croce and via giacomo quarenghi, near via uruguay it's an underground station, placed within the urban fare limit.
Question: What is the country the Allies went to after leaving the region under which WINEP bundles the countries of northwest Africa an instance of?

Francovich v Italy (1991) C-6/90 was a decision of the European Court of Justice which established that European Union member states could be liable to pay compensation to individuals who suffered a loss by reason of the member state's failure to transpose an EU directive into national law. This principle is sometimes known as the principle of state liability or "the rule in "Francovich"" in European Union law. <SEP> malawi (, or ; or [maláwi]), officially the republic of malawi, is a landlocked country in southeast africa that was formerly known as nyasaland. it is bordered by zambia to the northwest, tanzania to the northeast, and mozambique on the east, south and west. malawi spans over and has an estimated population of (as of july ). lake malawi takes up about a third of malawi's area. its capital is lilongwe, which is also malawi's largest city; the second largest is blantyre, the third largest is mzuzu and the fourth largest is its old capital zomba. the name malawi comes from the maravi, an old name of the nyanja people that inhabit the area. the country is also nicknamed ""the warm heart of africa"" because of the friendliness of the people. <SEP> Victory for the Allies in this campaign immediately led to the Italian Campaign, which culminated in the downfall of the fascist government in Italy and the elimination of Germany's main European ally. Information gleaned via British Ultra code - breaking intelligence proved critical to Allied success in North Africa. <SEP> The WINEP bundles the countries of Northwest Africa together under "North Africa." The Washington Institute for Near East Policy (WINEP) is a non-profit organization for research and advice on Middle Eastern policy. It regards its target countries as the Middle East but adopts the convention of calling them the Near East to be in conformance with the practices of the State Department. Its views are independent. Details can be found in Policy Focus #65. <SEP> libya (; ; ), officially the state of libya, is a country in the maghreb region in north africa, bordered by the mediterranean sea to the north, egypt to the east, sudan to the southeast, chad to the south, niger to the southwest, algeria to the west, and tunisia to the northwest. the sovereign state is made of three historical regions: tripolitania, fezzan and cyrenaica. with an area of almost , libya is the fourth largest country in africa, and is the 16th largest country in the world. libya has the 10th-largest proven oil reserves of any country in the world. the largest city and capital, tripoli, is located in western libya and contains over one million of libya's six million people. the second-largest city is benghazi, which is located in eastern libya.
Question: Who conspired to cause a revolution in the country where the allies went after the campaign in the region used by WINEP to bundle the countries of Northwest Africa?

Victory for the Allies in this campaign immediately led to the Italian Campaign, which culminated in the downfall of the fascist government in Italy and the elimination of Germany's main European ally. Information gleaned via British Ultra code - breaking intelligence proved critical to Allied success in North Africa. <SEP> libya (; ; ), officially the state of libya, is a country in the maghreb region in north africa, bordered by the mediterranean sea to the north, egypt to the east, sudan to the southeast, chad to the south, niger to the southwest, algeria to the west, and tunisia to the northwest. the sovereign state is made of three historical regions: tripolitania, fezzan and cyrenaica. with an area of almost , libya is the fourth largest country in africa, and is the 16th largest country in the world. libya has the 10th-largest proven oil reserves of any country in the world. the largest city and capital, tripoli, is located in western libya and contains over one million of libya's six million people. the second-largest city is benghazi, which is located in eastern libya. <SEP> one of its earliest massive implementations was brought about by egyptians against the british occupation in the 1919 revolution. civil disobedience is one of the many ways people have rebelled against what they deem to be unfair laws. it has been used in many nonviolent resistance movements in india (gandhi's campaigns for independence from the british empire), in czechoslovakia's velvet revolution and in east germany to oust their communist governments, in south africa in the fight against apartheid, in the american civil rights movement, in the singing revolution to bring independence to the baltic countries from the soviet union, recently with the 2003 rose revolution in georgia and the 2004 orange revolution in ukraine, among other various movements worldwide. <SEP> The Washington Institute for Near East Policy (WINEP) is a non-profit organization for research and advice on Middle Eastern policy. It regards its target countries as the Middle East but adopts the convention of calling them the Near East to be in conformance with the practices of the State Department. The WINEP bundles the countries of Northwest Africa together under "North Africa." Its views are independent. Details can be found in Policy Focus #65. <SEP> His efforts helped bring about the independent and unified Italy in place of the several separate states, many dominated by foreign powers, that existed until the 19th century. He also helped define the modern European movement for popular democracy in a republican state. Giuseppe Mazzini (Italian pronunciation: (dʒuˈzɛppe matˈtsiːni); 22 June 1805 -- 10 March 1872) was an Italian politician, journalist and activist for the unification of Italy and spearheaded the Italian revolutionary movement.
Question: When did Germany form an alliance with the country the Allies attacked, after their victory in the region that the WINEP bundles the countries of Northwest Africa under?

Information gleaned via British Ultra code - breaking intelligence proved critical to Allied success in North Africa. Victory for the Allies in this campaign immediately led to the Italian Campaign, which culminated in the downfall of the fascist government in Italy and the elimination of Germany's main European ally. <SEP> at the start of the war on 1 september 1939, the allies consisted of france, poland and the united kingdom, as well as their dependent states, such as british india. within days they were joined by the independent dominions of the british commonwealth: australia, canada, new zealand and south africa. after the start of the german invasion of north europe until the balkan campaign, the netherlands, belgium, greece, and yugoslavia joined the allies. after first having cooperated with germany in invading poland whilst remaining neutral in the allied - axis conflict, the soviet union perforce joined the allies in june 1941 after being invaded by germany. the united states provided war materiel and money all along, and officially joined in december 1941 after the japanese attack on pearl harbor. china had already been in a prolonged war with japan since the marco polo bridge incident of 1937, but officially joined the allies in 1941. <SEP> The Washington Institute for Near East Policy (WINEP) is a non-profit organization for research and advice on Middle Eastern policy. The WINEP bundles the countries of Northwest Africa together under "North Africa." It regards its target countries as the Middle East but adopts the convention of calling them the Near East to be in conformance with the practices of the State Department. Its views are independent. Details can be found in Policy Focus #65. <SEP> The Triple Alliance was a secret agreement between Germany, Austria - Hungary, and Italy. Italy sought support against France shortly after it lost North African ambitions to the French. Each member promised mutual support in the event of an attack by any other great power. It was formed on 20 May 1882 and renewed periodically until it expired in 1915 during World War I. Germany and Austria - Hungary had been closely allied since 1879. The treaty provided that Germany and Austria - Hungary were to assist Italy if it was attacked by France without provocation. In turn, Italy would assist Germany if attacked by France. In the event of a war between Austria - Hungary and Russia, Italy promised to remain neutral. <SEP> the republic of the congo (french: république du congo), also known as congo, congo republic, west congo[citation needed], or congo-brazzaville, is a country located in central africa. it is bordered by five countries: gabon to the west; cameroon to the northwest; the central african republic to the northeast; the democratic republic of the congo to the east and south; and the angolan exclave of cabinda to the southwest.
Question: When did the country the Allies went to after the region under which WINEP bundles the countries of northwest Africa surrender to the Allies in WWII?

the participation of italy in the second world war was characterized by a complex framework of ideology, politics, and diplomacy, while its military actions were often heavily influenced by external factors. the imperial ambitions of the fascist regime, which aspired to restore the roman empire in north africa and the mediterranean (the mare nostrum, or the italian empire), were partially met with the annexation of albania and the province of ljubljana, and the occupation of british somaliland and other territories, but ultimately collapsed after defeats in the east and north african campaigns. in july 1943, following the allied invasion of sicily, benito mussolini was arrested by order of king victor emmanuel iii, provoking a civil war. italy surrendered to the allies at the end of the italian campaign. the northern half of the country was occupied by germans with the fascists help and made a collaborationist puppet state (with more than 600,000 soldiers), while the south was governed by monarchist and liberal forces, which fought for the allied cause as the italian co-belligerent army (at its height numbering more than 50,000 men), helped by circa 350,000 partisans of disparate political ideologies that operated all over italy. <SEP> Information gleaned via British Ultra code - breaking intelligence proved critical to Allied success in North Africa. Victory for the Allies in this campaign immediately led to the Italian Campaign, which culminated in the downfall of the fascist government in Italy and the elimination of Germany's main European ally. <SEP> The Washington Institute for Near East Policy (WINEP) is a non-profit organization for research and advice on Middle Eastern policy. It regards its target countries as the Middle East but adopts the convention of calling them the Near East to be in conformance with the practices of the State Department. The WINEP bundles the countries of Northwest Africa together under "North Africa." Its views are independent. Details can be found in Policy Focus #65. <SEP> It was signed at a conference of generals from both sides in an Allied military camp at Cassibile in Sicily, which had recently been occupied by the Allies. The armistice was approved by both King Victor Emmanuel III and Italian Prime Minister Pietro Badoglio. The armistice stipulated the surrender of Italy to the Allies. The Armistice of Cassibile was an armistice signed on 3 September 1943 by Walter Bedell Smith and Giuseppe Castellano, and made public on 8 September, between the Kingdom of Italy and the Allies of World War II. <SEP> the end of world war ii in asia occurred on 14 and 15 august 1945, when armed forces of the empire of japan surrendered to the forces of the allies. the surrender came over three months after the surrender of the axis forces in europe and brought an end to world war ii.
Question: What awarded title does the president of the country where the allies went after finishing the theater in the WINEP bundled countries of Northwest Africa possess?

in 2010, south africa began efforts to join the bric grouping, and the process for its formal admission began in august of that year. south africa officially became a member nation on 24 december 2010, after being formally invited by china to join and subsequently accepted by other bric countries. the group was renamed brics – with the "s" standing for south africa – to reflect the group's expanded membership. in april 2011, the president of south africa, jacob zuma, attended the 2011 brics summit in sanya, china, as a full member. <SEP> The WINEP bundles the countries of Northwest Africa together under "North Africa." The Washington Institute for Near East Policy (WINEP) is a non-profit organization for research and advice on Middle Eastern policy. It regards its target countries as the Middle East but adopts the convention of calling them the Near East to be in conformance with the practices of the State Department. Its views are independent. Details can be found in Policy Focus #65. <SEP> particular criticism has been directed at the film's accuracy in portraying president ronald reagan. while alan rickman's performance generated positive reviews, the director and screenwriters of the film have been criticized for depicting reagan as indifferent to civil rights and his reluctance to associate with the white house's black employees during his presidency. according to michael reagan, the former president's son, ``the real story of the white house butler does n't imply racism at all. it's simply hollywood liberals wanting to believe something about my father that was never there. ''paul kengor, one of president reagan's biographers, also attacked the film, saying,`` i've talked to many white house staff, cooks, housekeepers, doctors, and secret service over the years. they are universal in their love of ronald reagan.'' in regard to the president's initial opposition to sanctions against apartheid in south africa, kengor said, ``ronald reagan was appalled by apartheid, but also wanted to ensure that if the apartheid regime collapsed in south africa that it was n't replaced by a marxist - totalitarian regime allied with moscow and cuba that would take the south african people down the same road as ethiopia, mozambique, and, yes, cuba. in the immediate years before reagan became president, 11 countries from the third world, from asia to africa to latin america, went communist. it was devastating. if the film refuses to deal with this issue with the necessary balance, it should n't deal with it at all. '' <SEP> In 2007, Italian President Giorgio Napolitano, has awarded the title of Knight of the Order of "Merit of the Italian Republic". <SEP> Victory for the Allies in this campaign immediately led to the Italian Campaign, which culminated in the downfall of the fascist government in Italy and the elimination of Germany's main European ally. Information gleaned via British Ultra code - breaking intelligence proved critical to Allied success in North Africa.
Question: Who was the US general leading forces in the country to which the allies went after the region in Africa bundling the countries of Northwest Africa under WINEP?

The main landings (Operation Avalanche) were scheduled to take place on 9 September, during which the main force would land around Salerno on the western coast. Its primary objectives were to seize the port of Naples to ensure resupply, and to cut across to the east coast, trapping Axis troops further south. It would consist of the U.S. Fifth Army, under Lieutenant General Mark W. Clark, comprising the U.S. VI Corps under Major General Ernest J. Dawley, the British X Corps under Lieutenant - General Richard McCreery, with the 82nd Airborne Division in reserve, a total of eight divisions and two brigade - sized units. The naval task force of warships, merchant ships and landing craft totaling 627 vessels came under the command of Vice Admiral Henry K. Hewitt. Following the disappointing air cover from land - based aircraft during the Sicily landings, Force V of HMS Unicorn and four escort carriers augmented the cruisers USS Philadelphia, Savannah, Boise, and fourteen destroyers of Hewitt's command. Cover for the task force was provided by Force H, a group of four British battleships and two fleet carriers with destroyers in support, which was directly subordinate to the C -- in -- C Mediterranean Admiral of the Fleet Sir Andrew Cunningham. <SEP> the first battle of el alamein (1–27 july 1942) was a battle of the western desert campaign of the second world war, fought in egypt between axis forces (germany and italy) of the panzer army africa (, which included the under field marshal () erwin rommel and allied (british imperial and commonwealth) forces (britain, british india, australia, south africa and new zealand) of the eighth army (general claude auchinleck). <SEP> Victory for the Allies in this campaign immediately led to the Italian Campaign, which culminated in the downfall of the fascist government in Italy and the elimination of Germany's main European ally. Information gleaned via British Ultra code - breaking intelligence proved critical to Allied success in North Africa. <SEP> the battle of salaita hill was the first large-scale engagement of the east african campaign of the first world war to involve british, indian, rhodesian and south african troops. the battle took place on february 12, 1916, as part of the three-pronged offensive into german east africa launched by general jan smuts, who had been given overall command of the allied forces in the region. <SEP> The Washington Institute for Near East Policy (WINEP) is a non-profit organization for research and advice on Middle Eastern policy. It regards its target countries as the Middle East but adopts the convention of calling them the Near East to be in conformance with the practices of the State Department. The WINEP bundles the countries of Northwest Africa together under "North Africa." Its views are independent. Details can be found in Policy Focus #65.
Question: When did the country the Allies went after the area under which WINEP bundles the countries of northwest Africa surrender in WWII?

the afrika korps or german africa corps (, dak ) was the german expeditionary force in africa during the north african campaign of world war ii. first sent as a holding force to shore up the italian defense of their african colonies, the formation fought on in africa, under various appellations, from march 1941 until its surrender in may 1943. the unit's best known commander was field marshal erwin rommel. <SEP> Information gleaned via British Ultra code - breaking intelligence proved critical to Allied success in North Africa. Victory for the Allies in this campaign immediately led to the Italian Campaign, which culminated in the downfall of the fascist government in Italy and the elimination of Germany's main European ally. <SEP> The Washington Institute for Near East Policy (WINEP) is a non-profit organization for research and advice on Middle Eastern policy. The WINEP bundles the countries of Northwest Africa together under "North Africa." It regards its target countries as the Middle East but adopts the convention of calling them the Near East to be in conformance with the practices of the State Department. Its views are independent. Details can be found in Policy Focus #65. <SEP> It was signed at a conference of generals from both sides in an Allied military camp at Cassibile in Sicily, which had recently been occupied by the Allies. The armistice was approved by both King Victor Emmanuel III and Italian Prime Minister Pietro Badoglio. The Armistice of Cassibile was an armistice signed on 3 September 1943 by Walter Bedell Smith and Giuseppe Castellano, and made public on 8 September, between the Kingdom of Italy and the Allies of World War II. The armistice stipulated the surrender of Italy to the Allies. <SEP> the word pizza was first documented in ad 997 in gaeta and successively in different parts of central and southern italy. pizza was mainly eaten in the country of italy and by emigrants from there. this changed after world war ii, when allied troops stationed in italy came to enjoy pizza along with other italian foods.
Question: When did World War II end in the country where the Allies went after they left the area under which WINEP bundles the countries of northwest Africa?

Victory for the Allies in this campaign immediately led to the Italian Campaign, which culminated in the downfall of the fascist government in Italy and the elimination of Germany's main European ally. Information gleaned via British Ultra code - breaking intelligence proved critical to Allied success in North Africa. <SEP> libya (; ; ), officially the state of libya, is a country in the maghreb region in north africa, bordered by the mediterranean sea to the north, egypt to the east, sudan to the southeast, chad to the south, niger to the southwest, algeria to the west, and tunisia to the northwest. the sovereign state is made of three historical regions: tripolitania, fezzan and cyrenaica. with an area of almost , libya is the fourth largest country in africa, and is the 16th largest country in the world. libya has the 10th-largest proven oil reserves of any country in the world. the largest city and capital, tripoli, is located in western libya and contains over one million of libya's six million people. the second-largest city is benghazi, which is located in eastern libya. <SEP> The Washington Institute for Near East Policy (WINEP) is a non-profit organization for research and advice on Middle Eastern policy. It regards its target countries as the Middle East but adopts the convention of calling them the Near East to be in conformance with the practices of the State Department. Its views are independent. The WINEP bundles the countries of Northwest Africa together under "North Africa." Details can be found in Policy Focus #65. <SEP> the end of world war ii in asia occurred on 14 and 15 august 1945, when armed forces of the empire of japan surrendered to the forces of the allies. the surrender came over three months after the surrender of the axis forces in europe and brought an end to world war ii. <SEP> However Italy's conquests were always heavily contested, both by various insurgencies (most prominently the Greek resistance and Yugoslav partisans) and Allied military forces, which waged the Battle of the Mediterranean throughout and beyond Italy's participation. Ultimately the Italian empire collapsed after disastrous defeats in the Eastern European and North African campaigns. In July 1943, following the Allied invasion of Sicily, Benito Mussolini was arrested by order of King Victor Emmanuel III, provoking a civil war. Italy's military outside of the peninsula itself collapsed, its occupied and annexed territories falling under German control. Italy surrendered to the Allies at the end of the Italian Campaign.
Question: Who was the WWII leader of the country that the Allies attacked, after winning in the region that the WINEP bundles the countries of Northwest Africa under?

world war ii (often abbreviated to wwii or ww2), also known as the second world war, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. the vast majority of the world's countries -- including all of the great powers -- eventually formed two opposing military alliances: the allies and the axis. it was the most global war in history; it directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. in a state of total war, the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. world war ii was the deadliest conflict in human history, marked by 50 to 85 million fatalities, most of which were civilians in the soviet union and china. it included massacres, the genocide of the holocaust, strategic bombing, premeditated death from starvation and disease and the only use of nuclear weapons in war. <SEP> the albanian fascist party (, or pfsh) was a fascist organization active during world war ii which held nominal power in albania from 1939, when the country was conquered by italy, until 1943, when italy capitulated to the allies. afterwards, albania fell under german occupation, and the pfsh was replaced by the guard of greater albania. <SEP> Following the Allied victory in the Second World War, Europe was divided by the Iron Curtain. The countries in Southeastern Europe were dominated by the Soviet Union and became communist states. The major non-communist Southern European countries joined a US-led military alliance (NATO) and formed the European Economic Community amongst themselves. The countries in the Soviet sphere of influence joined the military alliance known as the Warsaw Pact and the economic bloc called Comecon. Yugoslavia was neutal. The Nazi regime under Adolf Hitler came to power in 1933, and along with Mussolini's Italy sought to gain control of the continent by the Second World War. <SEP> Victory for the Allies in this campaign immediately led to the Italian Campaign, which culminated in the downfall of the fascist government in Italy and the elimination of Germany's main European ally. Information gleaned via British Ultra code - breaking intelligence proved critical to Allied success in North Africa. <SEP> The Washington Institute for Near East Policy (WINEP) is a non-profit organization for research and advice on Middle Eastern policy. It regards its target countries as the Middle East but adopts the convention of calling them the Near East to be in conformance with the practices of the State Department. The WINEP bundles the countries of Northwest Africa together under "North Africa." Its views are independent. Details can be found in Policy Focus #65.