winkelee/scaling-down huggingface dataset:
Question: Millennium Force is a steel roller coaster that was the 14th roller coaster to be built at Cedar Point amusement park, since what wooden roller coaster opened to the public on May 23, 1964?

 Built by Philadelphia Toboggan Company, Blue Streak opened to the public on May 23, 1964, and is the park's oldest roller coaster.  In 2013, it achieved its highest ranking of 27 among the world's top wooden roller coasters in the annual Golden Ticket Awards publication by "Amusement Today". Blue Streak is a wooden roller coaster located at Cedar Point in Sandusky, Ohio. <SEP> Griffon is a steel Dive Coaster roller coaster located at the Busch Gardens Williamsburg amusement park in James City County, Virginia, United States.  Designed by Bolliger & Mabillard, it is 205 ft high, and is the second-fastest (71 mph ) Dive Coaster built.  The roller coaster features two Immelmann loops, a splashdown, two vertical drops and was the first of its kind to use floorless trains.  Griffon was announced to the public on August 23, 2006 and opened on May 18, 2007 to positive reviews by both newspapers and enthusiasts.  In 2007, "Amusement Today"' s annual Golden Ticket Awards voted it the third-best new steel roller coaster of that year and the 27th-best steel roller coaster.  It was voted the 33rd-best steel roller coaster in 2013. <SEP> Maverick is a steel roller coaster built by Intamin at Cedar Point in Sandusky, Ohio, United States.  It was the seventeenth roller coaster built at the park since Blue Streak in 1964.  It is notable as being the 500th roller coaster designed by German engineer Werner Stengel and the first roller coaster featuring a Twisted Horseshoe Roll.  Maverick's US$21-million price tag makes it Cedar Point's fourth most expensive roller coaster, behind Millennium Force, Top Thrill Dragster, and GateKeeper.  The 4450 ft course makes it the fourth longest roller coaster at Cedar Point. <SEP>  It was the fourteenth roller coaster to be built at the park since Blue Streak opened in 1964.  Upon completion in 2000, Millennium Force broke six world records and was the world's first Giga Coaster, a roller coaster that exceeds 300 ft in height and completes a full circuit.  It was briefly the tallest and fastest in the world until Steel Dragon 2000 opened later the same year. Millennium Force is a steel roller coaster built by Intamin at Cedar Point amusement park in Sandusky, Ohio, United States.  The ride is also the third-longest roller coaster in North America after The Beast at Kings Island and Fury 325 at Carowinds.  It was the first roller coaster to use a cable lift system rather than a traditional chain lift.  The coaster has a 310 ft , 45-degree lift hill with a 300 ft drop and features two tunnels, three overbanked turns, and four hills.  It has a top speed of 93 mph .
Question: The Onkaparinga River National Park in Onkaparinga Hills, South Australia is in which southern suburb?

Murray River National Park is a protected area in South Australia located between 180 km and 240 km north east of the Adelaide city centre.  The national park was proclaimed in 1972 "to conserve a significant proportion of South Australia’s floodplain environments which are not represented widely in other reserve systems."  The national park consists of three sections adjoining the Murray River and extending from near Loxton in the south west to near Renmark in the north-east.  The first which is known as the ‘Katarapko’ section is located on the north side of the river between Loxton in the south and Berri in the north.  The second section which is known as the ‘Lyrup Flats’ section is located on the north side of the river midway between Berri and Loxton.  The third section is known as the ‘Bulyong’ section is located on the west side of the river upstream from Renmark.  The national park is classified as an IUCN Category VI protected area. <SEP> Onkaparinga River National Park is a protected area in the Australian state of South Australia located about 32 km south of Adelaide city centre.  It extends over the floodplain of the Onkaparinga River east of Main South Road. <SEP> Onkaparinga Hills is a southern suburb of Adelaide, in the City of Onkaparinga.  It covers an area of approximately 22 km2 .  It has a population of 2534 people (2011 Census).  It is a leafy suburb that includes parts of the Onkaparinga River National Park. <SEP> Onkaparinga River Recreation Park is a protected area occupying land in the estuary of the Onkaparinga River in South Australia.  The recreation park which was established in 1985 is approximately 32 km from Adelaide city centre.  It is the venue for recreational activities such as walking, canoeing, kayaking, recreational fishing and picnics.
Question: What princely family did the family in which the station motto for the RAF Mount Batten branch from?

RAF Mount Batten was a Royal Air Force station and flying boat base at Mount Batten, a peninsula in Plymouth Sound, Devon, England.  Originally a seaplane station opened in 1917 as a Royal Navy Air Service Station Cattewater it became RAF Cattewater in 1918 and in 1928 was renamed RAF Mount Batten.  The station motto was "In Honour Bound" which is the motto of the Mountbatten family. <SEP> The Mountbatten family is a European dynasty originating as a branch of the German princely Battenberg family.  The name was adopted during World War I by family members residing in the United Kingdom due to rising anti-German sentiment amongst the British public.  The name is an Anglicisation of the German Battenberg, a small town in Hesse.  The title of count of Battenberg, later prince of Battenberg, was granted to a morganatic branch of the House of Hesse-Darmstadt, itself a cadet branch of the House of Hesse, in the mid 19th century. <SEP> RAF Mount Pleasant (IATA: MPN, ICAO: EGYP) (also known as Mount Pleasant Airport, Mount Pleasant Complex or MPA) is a Royal Air Force station in the British Overseas Territory of the Falkland Islands.  The airfield goes by the motto of "Defend the right" (while the motto of the islands is "Desire the right") and is part of the British Forces South Atlantic Islands (BFSAI).  Home to between 1,000 and 2,000 British military personnel, it is located about 33 mi southwest of Stanley, the capital of the Falklands—on the island of East Falkland.  The world's longest corridor, half a mile (800 m) long, links the barracks, messes and recreational and welfare areas of the station, and was nicknamed the "Death Star Corridor" by personnel. <SEP> Mount Batten is a 24-metre-tall outcrop of rock on a 600-metre peninsula in Plymouth Sound, Devon, England, named after Sir William Batten (c.1600-1667), MP and Surveyor of the Navy.
Question: "Calling All Girls" is a song written by a musician of which nationality ?

"Imagine" is a song written and performed by English musician John Lennon.  The best-selling single of his solo career, its lyrics encourage the listener to imagine a world at peace without the barriers of borders or the divisions of religion and nationality, and to consider the possibility that the whole of humanity would live unattached to material possessions. <SEP>  He is a multi-instrumentalist, best known as the drummer for the rock band Queen. Roger Meddows Taylor (born 26 July 1949) is an English musician, singer and songwriter.  As a drummer, Taylor was recognised early in his career for his unique sound.  He has been acclaimed by Foo Fighters drummer Taylor Hawkins as one of the most influential rock drummers of the 1970s and 1980s, as well as being voted by radio listeners as the eighth-greatest drummer in classic rock music history in a poll conducted by Planet Rock in 2005. <SEP> "If Only for One Night" is a 1979 song written by singer Brenda Russell.  The song is from her debut album "Brenda Russell" (1979).  American recording artist Luther Vandross recorded a cover version for his album "The Night I Fell in Love" (1985).  Vandross has performed the song on several concert tours, including his "The Night I Fell in Love Tour" (1985).  The song was sampled for the song "Let Me Hold You" (2005) by Bow Wow featuring Omarion.  Tamar Braxton also sampled the song on the track "I Love You" from her album, "Calling All Lovers" (2015). <SEP>  It is the eighth track on the album "Hot Space" and it was written by Roger Taylor.  It was the fourth single from the album.  It was released as a single in the summer of 1982 in the US, Canada and Poland, where it peaked at #60, #5 and #6 respectively. "Calling All Girls" is a song by the British rock band Queen.
Question: What is the year of the event which occured first, Carnival! was produced, or Gower Champion was born?

Gower Carlyle Champion (June 22, 1919 – August 25, 1980) was an American actor, theatre director, choreographer, and dancer. <SEP> The EMLL Carnaval de Campeones (Spanish for the "EMLL Carnival of Champions") was a major professional wrestling event produced by Empresa Mexicana de Lucha Libre (EMLL) that took place on January 13, 1965, in EMLL's home arena Arena México in Mexico City, Mexico.  As the name indicated most of the matches on the show, five out of six, featured a champion defending their championship against a chosen challenger.  This was one of the few special, major shows promoted by EMLL outside of their annual EMLL Anniversary, Arena México Anniversary and Arena Coliseo Anniversary shows.  The event featured a total of six professional wrestling matches, in which some wrestlers were involved in pre-existing scripted feuds or storylines.  The wrestlers themselves portrayed either villains (referred to as ""Rudos"" in Mexico) or fan favorites (""Tecnicos"" in Mexico) as they competed in matches with pre-determined outcomes.  On the undercard two championships from the Acapulco, Guerrero local promotion were defended in Mexico City despite it being outside the region where the championship was usually contested in.  The fifth match of the night for the Mexican National Women's Championship was defended in Mexico City, which would be one of the last high profile women's wrestling matches in Mexico City as the Mexico City boxing and wrestling commission would ban women's wrestling from Mexico City a short while later, a band that was not lifted until 1986.  In the fourth match of the night Rodolfo Ruiz defeated reigning Mexican National Lightweight Champion Chanoc to win his first of a record setting three Mexican National Lightweight Championships.  In the main event Raúl Reyes defeated Ray Mendoza to win the Mexican National Light Heavyweight Championship, Reyes' only reign with the championship. <SEP> Justine Dufour-Lapointe (born March 25, 1994) is a Canadian freestyle skier from Montreal, Quebec.  She is the reigning Olympic champion in the moguls event as well as the reigning world champion from 2015 event.  This was also the first time that Canadian sisters stood together on the podium, and the fourth time ever, when her sister Chloe Dufour-Lapointe won silver in the same event.  In winning the Olympics, she became the youngest freestyle skiing Olympic champion ever at nineteen years of age.  Dufour-Lapointe was the FIS World Cup rookie of the year for the 2010–11 season.  Dufour-Lapointe has also won a bronze medal in the moguls event at the 2013 FIS World Championships. <SEP>  is a musical, originally produced by David Merrick on Broadway in 1961, with the book by Michael Stewart and music and lyrics by Bob Merrill.  The musical is based on the 1953 film "Lili". Carnival!  The show's title originally used an exclamation point; it was eventually dropped during the show's run, as director Gower Champion felt it gave the wrong impression, saying, "It's not a blockbuster.  It's a gentle show."
Question: Which 1997 children's-fantasy-comedy film stars a former child actress who now focuses on a career writing?

 The film about a bumbling male fairy godmother named Murray (Short), who tries to help 8-year-old Annabel (Wilson) fulfill her wish that her father, a carriage driver, wins the leading role in a Broadway musical. A Simple Wish (also known as The Fairy Godmother) is a 1997 children's-fantasy-comedy film directed by Michael Ritchie, and starring Martin Short, Mara Wilson, and Kathleen Turner. <SEP> Bea Nicolas (born Beatrice Faye Cancio Nicolas on April 15, 1994) is a Filipino former child actress in film and television.  Her older sister is former child actress Iwi Nicolas.  Nicolas is a licensed Medical technologist. <SEP> Jane Withers (born April 12, 1926) is an American actress, model, and singer.  Beginning a prolific career as a child actress at the age of three, Withers is a Young Artist Award–Former Child Star "Lifetime Achievement" Award honoree, best known for being one of the most popular child film stars of the 1930s and early 1940s, as well as for her portrayal of "Josephine the Plumber" in a series of TV commercials for Comet cleanser in the 1960s and early 1970s and probably best known for playing the obnoxious Joy Smythe in the movie she paired with Shirley Temple, "Bright Eyes".  Also a singer, she debuted the Jule Styne-Sammy Cahn torch song "Guess I'll Hang My Tears Out to Dry" in 1944 in "Glad To See You", a musical intended for Broadway which closed out of town in Philadelphia. <SEP> Mara Elizabeth Wilson (born July 24, 1987) is an American author and former child actress.  She is known for playing Natalie Hillard in "Mrs. Doubtfire" (1993), Susan Walker in "Miracle on 34th Street" (1994), and Matilda Wormwood in "Matilda" (1996).  Since retiring from film acting, Wilson has focused on writing.
Question: What is the rebranded name of the racing series now that was won in 2016 by the Prema Powerteam?

The 2016 GP2 Series season was the twelfth season of the GP2 Series, a motor racing feeder series that was run in support of the 2016 FIA Formula One World Championship.  It was the final season run under the "GP2 Series" name, with the championship being rebranded as the FIA Formula 2 Championship from 2017. <SEP> Roberto Merhi Muntan (born 22 March 1991) is a Spanish racing driver who, in 2015, drove in Formula One for the Manor Marussia F1 Team as well as the Formula Renault 3.5 Series for Pons Racing.  Merhi is also a part of the revitalized Mercedes-Benz Junior Team, together with Christian Vietoris and Robert Wickens.  In 2011, Merhi won the Formula 3 Euro Series championship, while driving for Prema Powerteam. <SEP> The 2014 FIA Formula 3 European Championship was a multi-event motor racing championship for single-seat open wheel formula racing cars that held across Europe.  The championship featured drivers competing in two-litre Formula Three racing cars built by Italian constructor Dallara which conformed to the technical regulations, or formula, for the championship.  It was the third edition of the FIA Formula 3 European Championship.  Raffaele Marciello was the reigning drivers' champion, but he did not defend his title as he stepped up to the GP2 Series.  His team, Prema Powerteam represented in the Teams' championship by Esteban Ocon and Antonio Fuoco, defended their Teams' title. <SEP>  It mainly operates in the FIA Formula 3 European Championship as well as various junior championships. Prema Powerteam (competing as Prema Racing in the FIA Formula 2 Championship) is a motorsport team from Italy.  The team was founded in 1984.  Also this team was a part of Toyota Driver Programme.  Currently the team has strong ties with Mercedes and Ferrari, running many of the current Ferrari Driver Academy drivers.  Its most recent success is winning the GP2 Drivers' title with Pierre Gasly and Teams' championship.
Question: This ferrocement building originally built by Martin Maurer is located in a hamlet with a population of what at the 2010 census?

 The population was 4,472 at the 2010 census.  It is the location of the Big Duck. Flanders is a hamlet and a census-designated place (CDP) in Suffolk County, New York, United States. <SEP> Independence Methodist Church is a historic Methodist church located at the junction of N500E and E375N southeast of Wheatfield in Gillam Township, Jasper County, Indiana.  It was built in 1872, and is a one-story, simple rectangular frame building originally built in the Greek Revival style.  It was later modified with Gothic Revival style lancet windows and Italianate style trim on the central belfry. <SEP> Donegal Mills Plantation is a historic grist mill complex located at East Donegal Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania.  The complex consists of the mill, mansion, miller's house, and bake house.  The mill was built in 1775, and is a three-story building.  The original section of mansion was built before 1790, and is a two-story, stuccoed stone building with a gable roof.  The mansion was expanded about 1820, with a frame kitchen wing, and about 1830, with a stone two-story addition.  It features a full length, two-story, porch supported by five brick and stucco columns.  The miller's house was originally built about, and is a 3 1/2-story, stuccoed stone building with a gable roof.  It was expanded to its present size about 1830.  The bake house is a two-story, gable roofed frame building.  The property was auctioned in May 2010. <SEP>  It was originally built in 1931 by duck farmer Martin Maurer in nearby Riverhead, and used as a shop to sell ducks and duck eggs. The Big Duck is a ferrocement building in the shape of a duck located in Flanders, New York, on Long Island.  It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.  It is a principal building on the Big Duck Ranch, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.
Question: Wistful, an American racehorse, won at which Louisville, Kentucky Grade 1 stakes race?

 The daughter of Sun Again and granddaughter of Sun Teddy is best remembered for wins in the Kentucky Oaks, the Coaching Club American Oaks, the Black-Eyed Susan Stakes at Pimlico Race Course.  In 1949, she was voted by the country's top sports writers as the American Champion Three-Year-Old Filly. Wistful (foaled in 1946 in Kentucky) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse. <SEP> Animal Kingdom (foaled in Kentucky on March 20, 2008) is an American Thoroughbred racehorse best known for winning the 137th Kentucky Derby and the 2013 Dubai World Cup.  His Derby win took place on May 7, 2011, before a record crowd of 164,858.  After the Derby, Animal Kingdom finished second in the Preakness Stakes and sixth in the Belmont Stakes before his career was disrupted by injury.  He returned to finish second in the 2012 Breeders' Cup Mile before winning the Dubai World Cup as a five-year-old in 2013.  Animal Kingdom is the first Kentucky Derby winner to win a Grade 1 race at the age of five.  He has won Grade 1 races on both dirt and synthetic surfaces. <SEP>  The race currently covers 1+1/8 mi at Churchill Downs; the horses carry 121 lb . The Kentucky Oaks is a Grade I stakes race for three-year-old Thoroughbred fillies staged annually in Louisville, Kentucky, United States.  The Kentucky Oaks is held on the Friday before the Kentucky Derby each year.  The winner gets a $600,000 purse and a large garland of lilies, affectionately called the "Lillies for the Fillies."  A silver Kentucky Oaks Trophy is presented to the winner. <SEP> Harlan's Holiday (April 6, 1999 – November 1, 2013) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse who won three Grade 1 stakes before retiring to stud where he has become a successful sire.
Question: When did the younger sister of Tanushree Dutta appear in a Kannada comedy film directed by Pon Kumaran?

Chaarulatha (also spelled as Charulatha) is a 2012 Indian horror film made in Kannada and Tamil.  The film was directed by Pon Kumaran, a former associate to K. Bhagyaraj and K. S. Ravikumar, and features Priyamani in the lead role.  The film was an adaptation of the Thai horror film "Alone" which itself was based on My Brothers Keeper an episode of Tale From The Crypt season 2.  Sundar C Babu composed the film's music.  The film’s story is about conjoined twins.  Produced by Global One Studios and distributed by Hansraj Saxena's Sax Pictures, "Charulatha" released on 21 September 2012 with dubbed Malayalam and Telugu versions with the same title. <SEP> Jai Lalitha is a 2014 Kannada-language comedy film directed by Pon Kumaran.  It stars Sharan, Aishwarya Devan, Disha Pandey and Ravishankar Gowda in the lead roles.  The film is based on the Malayalam film "Mayamohini" (2012) with Dileep in the lead role and directed by Jose Thomas.  "Jai Lalitha" released on 27 June 2014. <SEP>  She is the younger sister of actress Tanushree Dutta. Ishita Dutta is an Indian film and television actress, known for her role in the suspense thriller film "Drishyam" (2015) and the Hindi soap opera "Ek Ghar Banaunga", that aired on Star Plus. <SEP>  It stars Sharan, Ishita Dutta, Vimala Raman and P. Ravi Shankar in the stellar roles. Raja Rajendra (Kannada: ರಾಜ ರಾಜೇಂದ್ರ ) is a 2015 Kannada comedy film written and directed by Pon Kumaran.  The film marks the reunion of director Kumaran and actor Sharan after their previous venture, "Jai Lalitha".  Produced by Uday K. Mehta, the film released on 6 February 2015.  The plot of the movie was based on the 1990 Malayalam comedy "His Highness Abdullah".
Question:  Temptations Live! features an American baritone singer nicknamed what?

Paul Williams (July 2, 1939 – August 17, 1973) was an American baritone singer and choreographer.  Williams was noted for being one of the founding members and original lead singer of the Motown group The Temptations.  Along with David Ruffin, Otis Williams , and fellow Alabamians Eddie Kendricks and Melvin Franklin, Williams was a member of The Temptations during the "Classic Five" period.  Personal problems and failing health forced Williams to retire in 1971.  He was found dead two years later as the result of an apparent suicide. <SEP> J. Harold Murray (February 17, 1891 – December 11, 1940) was an American baritone singer and actor.  For more than a decade, during the Roaring Twenties and the Depression Thirties, he contributed to the development of musical theater by bridging vaudeville, operetta and the modern American musical.  The most popular American songs he introduced on Broadway included "Autumn in New York" (1934, "Thumbs Up! ", words and music by Vernon Duke); "Let's Have Another Cup of Coffee" and "Soft Lights and Sweet Music" (1932, "Face the Music", Moss Hart and Irving Berlin); "Rio Rita", "The Kinkajou" and "The Rangers Song" (1927, "Rio Rita", Harry Tierney and Joseph McCarthy); and "Mandalay" (1921, "The Whirl of New York", (Gustave Kerker, Hugh Morton and Edgar Smith). <SEP>  was the first live album to be released by The Temptations. Temptations Live!  Recorded on October 3, 1966 in the Upper Deck of the Roostertail Club in Detroit, Michigan, and released on album by Gordy (Motown) Records in 1967, the album features David Ruffin, Paul Williams, Eddie Kendricks, Melvin Franklin, and Otis Williams performing their regular live repertoire for a highly receptive crowd mostly consisting of young women.  Included in the set are Temptations hits such as "My Girl", "My Baby", "Get Ready", "Ain't Too Proud to Beg", "Don't Look Back", and the group's then-current single, "Beauty Is Only Skin Deep".  Out of the several live albums the group recorded during their career, this is the only one to feature David Ruffin.  The album remained on the Billboard 200 album chart for 51 weeks peaking at number 10. <SEP>  Nicknamed "Big Daddy", he is occasionally also a songwriter and a record producer.  Williams is best known as the founder and last original surviving member of the Motown vocal group The Temptations, a group in which he continues to perform. Otis Williams (born Otis Miles Jr.; October 30, 1941) is an American baritone singer.  He also owns the rights to the Temptations name.
Question: The father of the current manager of Maidenhead United appeared more than 100 times in what football league?

 He was a wide midfielder who played for West Ham United, with whom he won the FA Cup in 1980, and Watford, where he finished his career in 1992. Alan Ernest Devonshire (born 13 April 1956) is an English former professional footballer who is the current manager of Maidenhead United.  Devonshire won eight caps for England between 1980 and 1983.  He subsequently became a manager with Maidenhead United, Hampton & Richmond Borough and Braintree Town. <SEP> Les Devonshire (13 June 1926 – 19 December 2012) was an English professional footballer who made more than 100 appearances in The Football League for Chester and Crystal Palace between 1950 and 1955.  His son, Alan Devonshire, was capped by England. <SEP> Johnson "Drax" Hippolyte (born 9 June 1964) is an English former professional footballer, and the current the manager of Isthmian League Premier Division side Staines Town, having been a player-manager at Yeading, and manager at Maidenhead United from 2006 to 2015. <SEP> Leonard Francis "Len" Townsend (31 August 1917 – August 1997) was an English football inside right who made over 110 Football League appearances either side of the Second World War for Brentford, Bristol City and Millwall.  After dropping into Non-League football he became a manager, serving Hayes, Slough Town and in two spells, Maidenhead United.  Townsend's achievements with Maidenhead United saw him added to the club's Hall of Fame in 2005.
Question: What fictional race of extraterrestrial shapeshifters does Lyja belong to?

 A Skrull, she possesses the ability to shapeshift into almost any humanoid or animal form. Lyja is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.  Modifications on her body give her the power to generate energy blasts. <SEP> The Skrulls are a fictional race of extraterrestrial shapeshifters appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. <SEP> The Chitauri are a fictional race of extraterrestrial shapeshifters that appear in publications by Marvel Comics, specifically in Ultimate Marvel.  They were created by Mark Millar and Bryan Hitch.  They were created for the Ultimate universe franchise in place of the existing Marvel Comics alien species, the Skrulls, which play a similar role in the franchise's mainstream continuity.  Later, Marvel would choose to distinguish between the Skrulls and Chitauri of the Ultimate universe.  The species would later be adapted to other media, notably appearing in the 2012 film "The Avengers" as an invasion force led by Loki and even in the main Marvel universe. <SEP> Koopa Troopas, or just simply Koopas, known in Japan as Nokonoko (ノコノコ ) , are a fictional race of turtle or tortoise-like creatures from the "Mario" series, as well as its sister "Yoshi" series.  Although the term 'Koopa' is a blanket term for the entire species of anthropomorphic turtles in the series, to which creatures such as Lakitu, Hammer Bros. and even Bowser belong, the term is often used to refer colloquially to this particular enemy.  First appearing in the 1985 Nintendo Entertainment System game "Super Mario Bros.", they are among the oldest recurring enemies in the series, and have appeared in some form in all of the main games, and most of the spin-off games.  When defeated, Koopas may flee from or retreat inside their shells, which can then usually be used as weapons.  Shellcreepers are a different species, according to their trophy in "Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS and Wii U".  Koopa shells are a recurring weapon in the series, particularly popularized in the "Mario Kart" series, in which they can be fired as projectiles against other racers.  Despite making up the bulk of Bowser's army, known as the "Koopa Troop", Koopas as a species are often shown to be peaceful, some even teaming up with Mario.  An undead Koopa Troopa becomes a Dry Bones.
Question: When was the American Chemist born, who introduced the first Ice-type model?

Alma Levant Hayden (March 30, 1927 – August 2, 1967) was an American chemist, and one of the first African-American women to gain a scientist position at a science agency in Washington, D.C.  She joined the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in the 1950s.  Hayden graduated from Howard University with a master's degree in chemistry, and became an expert in spectrophotometry, the measurement of how substances absorb light.  She published work on infrared and other techniques for analyzing chemicals in a range of journals.  Hayden was appointed Chief of the Spectrophotometer Research Branch in the Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry at the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1963, and may have been the first African-American scientist at the FDA.  Hayden came to national attention in 1963 when she led the team that exposed the common substance in Krebiozen, a long-controversial alternative and expensive drug promoted as anti-cancer.  Hayden was married to fellow research chemist Alonzo Hayden, and had two children.  She died in 1967. <SEP>  He published more than 1,200 papers and books, of which about 850 dealt with scientific topics. " Linus Carl Pauling (February 28, 1901 – August 19, 1994) was an American chemist, biochemist, peace activist, author, and educator. New Scientist" called him one of the 20 greatest scientists of all time, and as of 2000, he was rated the 16th most important scientist in history. <SEP> The Hunter process was the first industrial process to produce pure ductile metallic titanium.  It was invented in 1910 by Matthew A. Hunter, a chemist born in New Zealand, who worked in the US.  The process involves reducing titanium tetrachloride (TiCl) with sodium (Na) in a batch reactor with an inert atmosphere at a temperature of 1,000°C.  Dilute hydrochloric acid is then used to leach the salt from the product. <SEP>  The first such model was introduced by Linus Pauling in 1935 to account for the residual entropy of water ice. In statistical mechanics, the ice-type models or six-vertex models are a family of vertex models for crystal lattices with hydrogen bonds.  Variants have been proposed as models of certain ferroelectric and antiferroelectric crystals.
Question: Illumination Entertainment,  is best known for being the creators of the "Despicable Me" franchise, its spin-off/prequel "Minions" and the films "Sing" and "The Secret Life of Pets" ,  a 2016 American computer-animated film of what genre?

Steve McGarry is a British cartoonist whose work includes the comic strips "Badlands", "Pop Culture", "Biographic", "Trivquiz", "Kid Town" and "Mullets".  His sports features are syndicated worldwide and his client list has included most major soccer magazines, including Shoot (football magazine), Match (magazine), Match of the Day, Match (magazine) and kicker Sportmagazin.  As a story artist, he worked on the movies Despicable Me 2, Minions (film), The Secret Life of Pets, and on the Electronic Arts mobile game Minions Paradise. <SEP> The Secret Life of Pets is a 2016 American computer-animated comedy film produced by Illumination Entertainment.  It is directed by Chris Renaud, and co-directed by Yarrow Cheney, and written by Brian Lynch, Cinco Paul and Ken Daurio.  The film stars Louis C.K., Eric Stonestreet, Kevin Hart, Steve Coogan, Ellie Kemper, Bobby Moynihan, Lake Bell, Dana Carvey, Hannibal Buress, Jenny Slate and Albert Brooks. <SEP> Minions is a 2015 American computer-animated comedy film, serving as a spin-off/prequel to the "Despicable Me" franchise.  Produced by Illumination Entertainment for Universal Pictures, it was directed by Pierre Coffin and Kyle Balda, written by Brian Lynch, and produced by Chris Meledandri and Janet Healy.  The film stars the voices of Coffin (as the Minions, including: Kevin, Stuart and Bob), Sandra Bullock, Jon Hamm, Michael Keaton, Allison Janney, Steve Coogan and Jennifer Saunders with the narration provided by Geoffrey Rush.  It was first foreshadowed in the end credits of "Despicable Me 2" (2013), where Kevin, Stuart and Bob, three of the Minions, are seen auditioning for the film. <SEP>  It is owned by Meledandri and Universal Studios, a division of NBCUniversal, with Universal fully financing and owning all the films.  The studio is best known for being the creators of the "Despicable Me" franchise, its spin-off/prequel "Minions" and the films "The Secret Life of Pets" and "Sing".  The Minions, characters from the "Despicable Me" films, are the studio's official mascots. Illumination Entertainment, or simply Illumination, is an American animation film production company, founded by Chris Meledandri in 2007.  Its films are co-produced and/or distributed by Universal Pictures.
Question: What suburb is in the south of Adelaide, South Australia that has a metropolitan neighboring suburb of Seaford, as well as Maslin Beach, Seaford Rise, and Port Noarlunga?

 It lies within the City of Onkaparinga.  Seaford railway station is the southern terminus of the Seaford railway line from Adelaide railway station. Seaford is a metropolitan suburb of Adelaide, South Australia. <SEP> Kaurna is an electoral district of the House of Assembly in the Australian state of South Australia.  Named after the Kaurna aboriginal tribe which originally inhabited the Adelaide plains, it is a 52.7 km² semi-urban electorate on Adelaide's far-southern beaches, taking in the suburbs of Aldinga Beach, Maslin Beach, Moana, Port Noarlunga, Port Noarlunga South, Port Willunga, Seaford, Seaford Meadows and Seaford Rise as well as parts of Aldinga and Christies Beach.  It is one of only two state districts named after South Australia's indigenous people (the other being the Electoral district of Narungga). <SEP> Moana is an outer coastal suburb in the south of Adelaide, South Australia.  The suburb is approximately 36.4 km from the Adelaide city centre.  It lies within the City of Onkaparinga local government area, and neighbours the suburbs Seaford, Maslin Beach, Seaford Rise and Port Noarlunga <SEP> Port Noarlunga is a suburb in the City of Onkaparinga, South Australia.  It is a small sea-side suburb, population 2,632, about 30 km to the south of the Adelaide city centre and was originally created as a sea port.  This area is now popular as a holiday destination or for permanent residents wishing to commute to Adelaide or work locally.  There is a jetty that connects to a 1.6 km long natural reef that is exposed at low tide.  The beach is large and very long and has reasonable surfing in the South Port area whose name is taken from its location - 'South of the Port'.
Question: Did Jimi Jamison or Andrew Montgomery's band begin performing earlier?

Andrew Montgomery is a Scottish singer who is best known as a member of late '90s Aberdeen indie rock band Geneva. <SEP> Ordinary Average Guy is the ninth solo studio album, and its title-track single (second on the playlist), by American singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist Joe Walsh.  The album was released in mid 1991.  It was Walsh's first album of entirely new music since "Got Any Gum? " in 1987, and his first solo album to be issued internationally by Epic following a four-year alliance with Warner Bros.  Records in the United States and Canada.  The album features Ringo Starr, Survivor's lead vocalist Jimi Jamison, and the drummer Joe Vitale from Walsh's former band Barnstorm.  Vitale also sings the lead vocals on the final track of the album, "School Days". <SEP> Slaves and Masters is the thirteenth studio album by the British rock band Deep Purple, and was released on 5 October 1990.  This is the only Deep Purple album to feature former Rainbow lead vocalist Joe Lynn Turner, who had joined the previous year after the firing of Ian Gillan.  Before hiring Turner, the band had considered singer Jimi Jamison of Survivor, but other obligations made him unavailable. <SEP> Jimmy Wayne "Jimi" Jamison (August 23, 1951 – September 1, 2014) was an American musician, singer, and songwriter.  He had previously been the frontman of the platinum-selling rock band Survivor between 1984–89, 2000–06 and from 2011 until his death.  Jamison is also known for writing and performing "I'm Always Here", the theme song for the TV series "Baywatch".
Question: Hartwall Ltd. and Scottish & Newcastle plc are both companies that brew what type of drink?

 It was founded in 1836.  Its drinks range includes Jaffa, Pommac and Novelle waters.  The company also owns the licence for manufacturing and selling PepsiCo's Pepsi, 7 Up and Mountain Dew brands in Finland.  Hartwall's alcoholic beverages include Upcider cider, Lapin Kulta lager beer, Karjala beer and is the local producer of Foster's lager. Hartwall Ltd is a beverage company based in Helsinki, Finland.  In 2002 Hartwall was purchased by the UK based Scottish & Newcastle corporation, and when that company was bought out in 2008 the brand became owned by Heineken.  Danish Royal Unibrew bought Hartwall in 2013. <SEP> Tup Tup Palace is a nightclub in Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.  It was created in 2007 by entrepreneur James Jukes and club promoters Nigel Holliday and Matthew Smyth at a cost of £2M.  The major investors were Nicholas Woodhead and Scottish & Newcastle PLC.  The club is located opposite Newcastle Cathedral in the city centre.  The venue has a capacity of 600 people and focuses largely on table service.  It has become known primarily for its celebrity customers. <SEP> Scottish & Newcastle plc was a brewing company headquartered in Edinburgh, Scotland which expanded significantly from its home base to become an international business with beer volumes growing almost tenfold. <SEP> Hart-Sport is Finland's oldest sports drink, which was originally designed 1980s in cooperation of Hartwall.  The drink is available in liquid and powder form.
Question: In which PBS music program the writer of the song  "The Hands You're Holding Now" appeared?

 In 1961, American country artist, Skeeter Davis, recorded and released the song as a single for RCA Victor. "The Hands You're Holding Now" is a song written by Marty Robbins. <SEP> John Michael Montgomery (born January 20, 1965) is an American country music singer.  Montgomery began singing with his brother Eddie, who is one-half of the country duo Montgomery Gentry, before beginning his major-label solo career in 1992.  He has had more than 30 singles on the "Billboard" country charts, of which seven have reached number one: "I Love the Way You Love Me", "I Swear", "Be My Baby Tonight", "If You've Got Love", "I Can Love You Like That", "Sold (The Grundy County Auction Incident)", and "The Little Girl".  13 more have reached the top 10.  "I Swear" and "Sold (The Grundy County Auction Incident)" were named by "Billboard" as the top country songs of 1994 and 1995, respectively.  Montgomery's recordings of "I Swear" and "I Can Love You Like That" were both released concurrently with cover versions by the R&B group All-4-One.  Several of Montgomery's singles crossed over to the "Billboard" Hot 100, his highest peak there having been achieved by "Letters from Home" in 2004.  In 1994, he appeared on the PBS music program "Austin City Limits" during the season 19. <SEP>  One of the most popular and successful country and western singers of all time for most of his near four-decade career, Robbins often topped the country music charts, and several of his songs also had crossover success as pop hits. Martin David Robinson (September 26, 1925 – December 8, 1982), known professionally as Marty Robbins, was an American singer, songwriter, actor, multi-instrumentalist, and racing driver.  He appeared on the PBS music program "Austin City Limits" in 1980 (season 5). <SEP> Remember When (stylized as "Remember WHEN...") is a music program aired on DZMM which is hosted by Norma Marco.  The program is aired every Sunday from 3:00pm–5:00pm with simulcast on The Filipino Channel worldwide.  This program is named after the song from Wayne Newton of the same name and it is also their theme song of the program.  This program plays music of the 1950s, 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, and a little bit of the 90s.  The program is the successor of the music program "Music and Memories" which was aired since 2007 up to 2013.
Question: The Flowers of Evil was serialized between 2009 and 2014 in a manga magazine that was started in what month?

 It was serialized in Kodansha's "Bessatsu Shōnen Magazine" between September 9, 2009, and May 9, 2014, and licensed by Vertical in North America.  The story follows a middle school student named Takao Kasuga who's forced into a "contract" by fellow student Sawa Nakamura, after being caught stealing the gym clothes of his crush Nanako Saeki, and the series of events afterwards that follow these three characters. The Flowers of Evil (Japanese: 惡の華 , Hepburn: Aku no Hana ) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Shūzō Oshimi.  The title of the manga comes from Charles Baudelaire's "Les Fleurs du Mal". <SEP> Guardians of the Louvre (Japanese: 千年の翼、百年の夢 , Hepburn: Sennen no Tsubasa, Hyakunen no Yume ) is a Japanese seinen manga written and illustrated by Jiro Taniguchi.  The manga revolves around an artist visiting the Louvre for five days and learning about artists whose works are there and figures who were part of its history.  Commissioned by the Louvre, Taniguchi worked on the manga after spending a month in the museum in May 2013.  The manga was serialized in Shogakukan's manga magazine "Big Comic Original" in late 2014 and collected into a tankōbon published on February 20, 2015.  The Louvre and Futuropolis published the manga in France on November 21, 2014.  The manga was licensed in North America by NBM Publishing, which published the manga on May 13, 2016. <SEP>  The magazine was started in September 2009 as a spin-off of another Kōdansha's magazine, "Weekly Shōnen Magazine". Bessatsu Shōnen Magazine (Japanese: 別冊少年マガジン , Hepburn: Bessatsu Shōnen Magajin ) is a Japanese monthly manga magazine published by Kōdansha. <SEP> The manga series "" is written by Ryukishi07 and illustrated by six different manga artists working separately on different story arcs based on the "Umineko: When They Cry" visual novel series by 07th Expansion.  The first manga, an adaptation of "Legend of the Golden Witch" illustrated by Kei Natsumi, began serialization in Square Enix's manga magazine "Gangan Powered" in the January 2008 issue.  After "Gangan Powered" was discontinued, the manga was transferred to Square Enix's "Monthly Gangan Joker" magazine with the debut May 2009 issue and continued until the publication of the September 2009 issue.  Jirō Suzuki drew the adaptation of "Turn of the Golden Witch" which was serialized between the August 2008 and October 2010 issues of Square Enix's "GFantasy".  The manga adaptation of "Banquet of the Golden Witch" is illustrated by Kei Natsumi and was serialized between the October 2009 and July 2011 issues of "Gangan Joker".  Sōichirō drew the adaptation of "Alliance of the Golden Witch", which was serialized in Square Enix's Internet-based magazine "Gangan Online" between October 1, 2009 and February 2, 2012.
Question: What singer from the band "Mary Mary" shared the job title of host for an awards show with a television star?

 The ceremony recognized the accomplishments of musicians and other figures within the Christian music industry for the year 2014.  The ceremony was produced by the Trinity Broadcasting Network and was hosted by musician Erica Campbell and television star Sadie Robertson.  The awards show was broadcast on the Trinity Broadcasting Network on October 18, 2015. The 46th Annual GMA Dove Awards presentation ceremony was held on Tuesday, October 13, 2015 at the Allen Arena located in Nashville, Tennessee. <SEP> Dennis James (born Demie James Sposa, August 24, 1917 – June 3, 1997) was an American television personality, actor, and announcer.  Up until 1976 he had appeared on TV more times and for a longer period than any other television star.  He is credited as the host of television's first network game show, the DuMont Network's "Cash and Carry" (1946).  James was also the first person to host a telethon (raising over $700,000,000 for United Cerebral Palsy throughout his career), the first to appear in a television commercial, first to emcee a variety show, and first to appear on video tape. <SEP> The 2006 Meteor Music Awards took place in the Point Theatre, Dublin on 2 February 2006.  It was the sixth edition of Ireland's national music awards.  The event was later aired on RTÉ Two on at 21:00 on Sunday 5 February.  The awards show was hosted by the comedian Patrick Kielty.  A total of seventeen awards were presented at the ceremony.  U2 were the largest winners at the 2006 awards, receiving three gongs, Best Irish Band, Best Irish Album for "How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb" and Best Live Performance for their 2005 Croke Park shows.  The band's bassist Adam Clayton attended the show and picked up the awards.  The four international awards were divided between Kanye West (Best International Male), Gwen Stefani (Best International Female) and Kaiser Chiefs (Best International Band and Best International Album for "Employment").  The Pogues were presented with the Lifetime Achievement Award, whilst Today FM presenter Ray D'Arcy was named Best Irish DJ for a second consecutive year.  After the awards Louis Walsh was caught red-handed in an embarrassing situation with Kerry Katona when he gripped her from behind and did something naughty and rude. <SEP>  She started her music career in 1998 with her younger sister, Tina Campbell, as part of the gospel music group, Mary Mary.  Her solo music career began in 2013, and has since released two albums with Entertainment One Music, which both charted on the "Billboard" magazine charts. Erica Monique Campbell ("née", Atkins; born April 29, 1972) is an American urban contemporary gospel, Christian R&B and contemporary R&B recording artist, musician and radio host.  She won a Grammy Award for Best Gospel Album at the 57th edition of the event.  Since May 2016, she serves as the host of "Get Up!  Mornings with Erica Campbell" with comedian Griff, that currently airs on Urban Gospel, which owned by Radio One.
Question: Was The Stuff of Legend an American comedy like The Boatniks?

Agents of Secret Stuff is a 2010 American action comedy short film created and co-directed by Wesley Chan, Ted Fu, and Philip Wang of Wong Fu Productions, and Ryan Higa.  The film stars Ryan Higa, Arden Cho, and Dominic Sandoval, and also features cameos by several other YouTube users.  The film had a theatrical debut in Los Angeles on November 23, 2010, and was released on YouTube on November 24.  It has received over 30.5 million views on YouTube as of 2016 , and its trailer, bloopers, and behind the scenes videos have received 5.2 million, 3.2 million, and 1.9 million views respectively.  The movie was eventually released on the iTunes Store as "Agents of Secret Stuff: Secret Edition", along with the "Agents of Secret Stuff Soundboard" and "Agents of Secret Stuff - Spy Catcher of Reasonable Effort" apps. <SEP> "Leave Them Boys Alone" is a song recorded by American country music artist Hank Williams Jr. with Waylon Jennings and Ernest Tubb.  It was released in May 1983 as the second single from Williams' album "Strong Stuff".  The song reached number 6 on the "Billboard" Hot Country Singles chart.  It was written by Williams, Dean Dillon, Gary Stewart and Tanya Tucker.  The song is notable for its combination of two singers associated with the outlaw movement with a country legend from the honky tonk days and golden age of the Grand Ole Opry.  Outlaw singers like Williams and Jennings saw themselves as taking country music back to its raw, honky tonk roots, and recording an up tempo song with Tubb (who would never have received radio airplay in the late 1970s and early 80's) and reaching #6 was a slap in the face to the proponents of the country pop sound.  The lyrics of the song, much like Williams' "Family Tradition" echo the sentiment that the outlaw singers and their current escapades were predated by the hard living honky tonkers of the 1950s such as Hank Williams, Sr. and Ernest Tubb, prior to the music being fairly taken over by the Nashville Sound in the 1960s. <SEP> The Stuff of Legend is a comic book metaseries produced by Th3rd World Studios.  The writers of "The Stuff of Legend" are Mike Raicht and Brian Smith.  The illustrator is Charles Paul Wilson III. <SEP>  It was made by Walt Disney Productions, released by Buena Vista Distribution and directed by Norman Tokar. The Boatniks is a 1970 American comedy film starring Robert Morse, Stefanie Powers, Don Ameche and Phil Silvers.