Question: When was Eritrea annexed by the largest peacekeeping troop contributor to the group in which the US and the early winner of the space race became important members?

During the Middle Ages, the Eritrea region was known as Medri Bahri ("sea-land"). The name Eritrea is derived from the ancient Greek name for Red Sea (Ἐρυθρὰ Θάλασσα Erythra Thalassa, based on the adjective ἐρυθρός erythros "red"). It was first formally adopted in 1890, with the formation of Italian Eritrea (Colonia Eritrea). The territory became the Eritrea Governorate within Italian East Africa in 1936. Eritrea gained independence following the 1993 referendum, and the name of the new state was defined as State of Eritrea in the 1997 constitution. Eritrea was annexed by Ethiopia in 1953 (nominally within a federation until 1962) and an Eritrean Liberation Front formed in 1960. [citation needed] <SEP> israel has one of the highest ratios of defense spending to gdp of all developed countries, only topped by oman and saudi arabia. in 1984, for example, the country spent 24% of its gdp on defense. by 2006, that figure had dropped to 7.3%. israel is one of the world's largest arms exporters, and was ranked fourth in the world for weapons exports in 2007. the majority of israel's arms exports are unreported for security reasons. since 1967, the united states has been a particularly notable foreign contributor of military aid to israel: the us is expected to provide the country with $3.15 billion per year from 2013 to 2018. israel is consistently rated low in the global peace index, ranking 148th out of 162 nations for peacefulness in 2015. <SEP> As of 29 February 2016, 124 countries were contributing a total of 105,314 personnel in Peacekeeping Operations, with Ethiopia leading the tally (8,324), followed by India (7,695) and Bangladesh (7,525). In June 2013. Pakistan contributed the highest number overall with 8,186 personnel, followed by India (7,878), Bangladesh (7,799), Ethiopia (6,502), Rwanda (4,686), Nigeria (4,684), Nepal (4,495), Jordan (3,374), Ghana (2,859), and Egypt (2,750). As of 28 February 2015, 120 countries were contributing a total of 104,928 personnel in Peacekeeping Operations, with Bangladesh leading the tally (9446). As of March 2008, in addition to military and police personnel, 5,187 international civilian personnel, 2,031 UN Volunteers and 12,036 local civilian personnel worked in UN peacekeeping missions. <SEP> The Soviet Union suffered greatly in the war, losing around 27 million people. Approximately 2.8 million Soviet POWs died of starvation, mistreatment, or executions in just eight months of 1941 -- 42. During the war, the Soviet Union together with the United States, the United Kingdom and China were considered as the Big Four of Allied powers in World War II and later became the Four Policemen which was the foundation of the United Nations Security Council. It emerged as a superpower in the post-war period. Once denied diplomatic recognition by the Western world, the Soviet Union had official relations with practically every nation by the late 1940s. A member of the United Nations at its foundation in 1945, the Soviet Union became one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council, which gave it the right to veto any of its resolutions. <SEP> the iditarod trail sled dog race is an annual long - distance sled dog race run in early march from anchorage to nome, entirely within the us state of alaska. mushers and a team of 16 dogs, of which at least 5 must be on the towline at the finish line, cover the distance in 8 -- 15 days or more. the iditarod began in 1973 as an event to test the best sled dog mushers and teams but evolved into today's highly competitive race. then a record, the second fastest winning time was recorded in 2016 by dallas seavey with a time of 8 days, 11 hours, 20 minutes, and 16 seconds. as of 2012, dallas seavey was also the youngest musher to win the race at the age of 25. in 2017, at the age of 57, dallas's father, mitch seavey, is the oldest and fastest person ever to win the race, crossing the line in nome in 8 days, 3 hours, 40 minutes and 13 seconds. dallas finished second, two hours and 44 minutes behind. <SEP> The Soviet Union beat the US to this, with the October 4, 1957, orbiting of Sputnik 1, and later beat the US to the first human in space, Yuri Gagarin, on April 12, 1961. The`` race'' peaked with the July 20, 1969, US landing of the first humans on the Moon with Apollo 11. The Space Race began on August 2, 1955, when the Soviet Union responded to the US announcement four days earlier of intent to launch artificial satellites for the International Geophysical Year, by declaring they would also launch a satellite ``in the near future ''. The USSR tried but failed crewed lunar missions, and eventually canceled them and concentrated on Earth orbital space stations.