Question: How did the Japanese win the country expanded to during the Manchu Dynasty by the country where guānjīnyuán was a currency?

Qing China reached its largest extent during the 18th century, when it ruled China proper (eighteen provinces) as well as the areas of present-day Northeast China, Inner Mongolia, Outer Mongolia, Xinjiang and Tibet, at approximately 13 million km2 in size. Taiwan, originally part of Fujian province, became a province of its own in the late 19th century, but was ceded to the Empire of Japan in 1895 following the First Sino-Japanese War. There were originally 18 provinces, all of which in China proper, but later this number was increased to 22, with Manchuria and Xinjiang being divided or turned into provinces. In addition, many surrounding countries, such as Korea (Joseon dynasty), Vietnam frequently paid tribute to China during much of this period. Khanate of Kokand were forced to submit as protectorate and pay tribute to the Qing dynasty in China between 1774 and 1798. <SEP> During the Qianlong reign (1735 -- 96) the dynasty reached its apogee but then began its initial decline in prosperity and imperial control. The population rose to some 400 million, but taxes and government revenues were fixed at a low rate, virtually guaranteeing eventual fiscal crisis. The initial gains in the Self - Strengthening Movement were destroyed in the First Sino - Japanese War of 1895, in which the Qing lost its influence over Korea and the possession of Taiwan. Corruption set in, rebels tested government legitimacy, and ruling elites failed to change their mindsets in the face of changes in the world system. Following the Opium War, European powers imposed unequal treaties, free trade, extraterritoriality and treaty ports under foreign control. The Taiping Rebellion (1850 -- 64) and the Dungan Revolt (1862 -- 77) in Central Asia led to the deaths of some 20 million people, most of them due to famines caused by war. In spite of these disasters, in the Tongzhi Restoration of the 1860s, Han Chinese elites rallied to the defense of the Confucian order and the Qing rulers. New Armies were organized, but the ambitious Hundred Days' Reform of 1898 was turned back in a coup by Empress Dowager Cixi, a conservative leader. When the Scramble for Concessions by foreign powers triggered the violently anti-foreign Yihetuan (``Boxers ''), the foreign powers invaded China, Cixi declared war on them, leading to defeat and the flight of the Imperial Court to Xi'an. <SEP> Unlike the national currency which suffered from hyperinflation, the CGUs were pegged to the U.S. dollar at 1 CGU = US$0.40. Customs gold units (關金圓, pinyin: guānjīnyuán) were issued by the Central Bank of China to facilitate payment of duties on imported goods. <SEP> the new kingdom c. 1550–1070 bc began with the eighteenth dynasty, marking the rise of egypt as an international power that expanded during its greatest extension to an empire as far south as tombos in nubia, and included parts of the levant in the east. this period is noted for some of the most well known pharaohs, including hatshepsut, thutmose iii, akhenaten and his wife nefertiti, tutankhamun and ramesses ii. the first historically attested expression of monotheism came during this period as atenism. frequent contacts with other nations brought new ideas to the new kingdom. the country was later invaded and conquered by libyans, nubians and assyrians, but native egyptians eventually drove them out and regained control of their country. <SEP> after about 300 years of partition by feudal dynasties, vietnam was again under one single authority in 1802 when gia long founded the nguyễn dynasty, but the country became a french protectorate after 1883 and under japanese occupation after 1940 during world war ii. soon after japan surrendered on september 2, 1945, the việt minh in the august revolution entered hanoi, and the democratic republic of vietnam was proclaimed on september 2, 1945: a government for the entire country, replacing the nguyễn dynasty. hồ chí minh became leader of the democratic republic of vietnam. u.s. president franklin roosevelt had spoken against french rule in indochina, and u.s.a. was supportive of the viet minh at this time.