winkelee/scaling-down huggingface dataset:
Question: Aamir Rashadi Madni graduated from a univeristy founded in what year?

New International School (NewIS) was founded in Tokyo, Japan, in 2001 as a dual language, multiage by design (3 year age range of students in each class) international school, initially for students from age 3 to grade 9, following the mission of Steven Parr, the Founding Director/Head of School, and under the sponsorship of Iwata Gakuen.  It extended to Grade 10 from August, 2012, Grade 11 from August, 2013, and Grade 12 from August, 2014.  As of December 15, 2016, 187 students are enrolled, including 77 in the Secondary School (Grades 7-12).  The school was accredited through grade 9 by the Middle States Association of College and Schools (MSA) in 2005, granted non-profit status as a school foundation in 2006, and accredited through grade 12 by both MSA and the Council of International Schools (CIS) in May of 2014.  The students learn all core subjects in both English and Japanese with two teachers of equal status per class, one for Japanese and one for English, who, using an integrated, thematic approach, teach, plan and write their reports together.  It represents a highly interactive Vygotskian style of multiage education that furthers the development of social skills and social and emotional intelligence as well as cognitive intelligence.  In addition, all of the students learn to play the violin by ear in the primary school, and Mandarin Chinese is offered as an elective from grades one to twelve.  The school has graduated 92 students from grade 9, and 5 graduates from grade 12 as of June, 2016.  The number of grade 12 graduates is expected to increase to 10+ per year from 2018-19.  NewIS is a member of the Japan Council of International Schools (JCIS) and a founding member of the Tokyo Association of International Preschools (TAIP) <SEP>  His basic education is from Jameatur Rashad and then he graduated from Madinah University, in Saudi Arabia. Aamir Rashadi Madni was born on 5 December 1961 in Azamgarh.  Now he is running an Arabic university "Jameatur Rashad" in Azamgarh.  He is also the founder and national president of the political organisation "Rashtriya Ulama Council (RUC)" which are working in many states of India like Delhi, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar etc.He is always Against the Injustice and a first voice against any descrimination <SEP> The Islamic University of al-Madinah al-Munawarah (Arabic: الجامعة الإسلامية بالمدينة المنورة) was founded by the government of Saudi Arabia by a royal decree in 1961 in the Islamic holy city of Medina.  It follows the Salafi ideology which is prevalent in Saudi Arabia. <SEP> Jameatur Rashad is an educational institute in Azamgarh, India, which serves to educate people from different parts of the nation.  It encourages its students to follow Sirat-e-Mustaqeem.  It was founded in 1962, by Hazrat Maulana Mujeebullah Nadvi Rahmatullah Alaih.  The Director of the institute is Maulana Aamir Rashadi Madni.  Maulana Amir Reshadi is the president of Rashtriya Ulema council, a regional political party.
Question: Who was born first A. I. Bezzerides or Arthur Edmund Carewe?

Major-General Arthur Edmund Sandbach, CB, DSO, (30 July 1859 – 25 June 1928) was a British Army general officer who served in the Royal Engineers and on the General Staff, eventually rising to command the 68th (2nd Welsh) and 59th (2nd North Midland) Divisions during the First World War. <SEP> A.I. " Buzz" Bezzerides (August 9, 1908 – January 1, 2007) was an American novelist and screenwriter, best known for writing films noir and action motion pictures, especially several of Warners' "social conscience" films of the 1940s. <SEP> Arthur Edmund Carewe (December 30, 1884 – April 22, 1937) was an Armenian-American stage and film actor of the silent and early sound film era. <SEP> Arthur Edmund Grimshaw (1868–1913) was an artist, composer, organist and conductor.  He was born in Leeds, was the master of the choir at Leeds Cathedral and was a conductor of the Leeds Symphony Orchestra.
Question: The 2005 KNVB Cup Final was a football match between Willem II and PSV on 29 May 2005 at De Kuip, in which country, PSV won 4–0 after goals from Park Ji-sung, a South Korean former footballer who currently serves as a club ambassador at Manchester United?

The 2006 KNVB Cup Final was a football match between Ajax and PSV on 7 May 2006 at De Kuip, Rotterdam.  It was the final match of the 2005–06 KNVB Cup competition.  Ajax won 2–1, both of their goals being scored by Klaas-Jan Huntelaar.  Michael Lamey scored for PSV. <SEP> The 2005 KNVB Cup Final was a football match between Willem II and PSV on 29 May 2005 at De Kuip, Rotterdam.  It was the final match of the 2004–05 KNVB Cup competition.  PSV won 4–0 after goals from Wilfred Bouma, Phillip Cocu, Park Ji-sung and Jan Vennegoor of Hesselink.  With this victory, PSV clinched the double, as they had also become champions of the 2004–05 Eredivisie.  This was PSV's first double since the 1988–89 season. <SEP> Park Ji-sung (Hangul: 박지성 ; Hanja: 朴智星 ; ] ; born 25 February 1981) is a South Korean former footballer who currently serves as a club ambassador at Manchester United. <SEP> Before Lammers came to PSV in 2010, he played for Willem II and VOAB, a local football club from Goirle.  His debut in paid football was at the 10 August 2015, when he faced Go Ahead Eagles with Jong PSV.  Lammers made his debut for PSV Eindhoven on 21 September in a cup match against Roda JC.  He made his debut for Eerste Divisie side Jong PSV in 2015.  In the 2010-11 season, the footballer joined PSV.  He used to play for Willem II from Tilburg before he moved to Eindhoven.  He made his debut for PSV Eindhoven , with number 50, on 21 September 2016.
Question: George Madison was taken prisoner following a battle that had the highest number of fatalities of any battle during the war, and took place on what date?

The Battle of Vernon, Florida was a minor skirmish of the American Civil War that took place on September 28, 1864, near the town of Vernon, Florida.  Coming a day after the larger Battle of Marianna, this conflict involved a company of Home Guard troops from Vernon who were going to the aid of their Confederate compatriots in that city.  Unbeknownst to the Southerners, their route had taken them straight toward the withdrawing Federal column under Brigadier General Alexander Asboth, which was returning to their main base at Pensacola after their victory at Marianna.  The two forces met on a wooden bridge across Hard Labor Creek in Washington County; refusing to heed Union demands to disperse, the badly-outnumnered Floridians chose to resist and were quickly defeated, with most of them being taken prisoner. <SEP> Benjamin Franklin Graves (1771–1813) was a politician and military leader in early 19th-century Kentucky.  During the War of 1812, Graves served as a Major in the 2nd Battalion, 5th Kentucky Volunteer regiment.  Together with other officers, he commanded relatively inexperienced Kentucky troops in the Battle of Frenchtown (also known as the Battle of the River Raisin) in Michigan Territory.  This battle had the highest number of American fatalities in the war: of 1000 American troops, nearly 400 were killed in the conflict on January 22 and 547 were taken prisoner.  The next day an estimated 30-100 Americans were killed by Native Americans after having surrendered. <SEP> George Madison (June 1763 – October 14, 1816) was the sixth Governor of Kentucky.  He was the first governor of Kentucky to die in office, serving only a few weeks in 1816.  He was twice wounded in the Northwest Indian War, and in the War of 1812 he was taken prisoner following the Battle of Frenchtown in Michigan.  Little is known of Madison's early life.  He was a member of the influential Madison family of Virginia, and was a second cousin to President James Madison.  He served with distinction in three wars – the Revolutionary War, Northwest Indian War, and War of 1812. <SEP> The Battles of Frenchtown, also known as the Battle of the River Raisin and the River Raisin Massacre, was a series of conflicts that took place from January 18–23, 1813 during the War of 1812.  It was fought between the United States and a British and Native American alliance near the River Raisin in Frenchtown, Michigan Territory (present-day Monroe, Michigan).  The battle on January 22 had the highest number of fatalities of any battle during this war.
Question: On what date was the musician behind "Out of Our Minds" born?

Melissa Gaboriau Auf der Maur ( ; born March 17, 1972) is a Canadian musician, singer-songwriter, photographer and actress. <SEP> Michael Cretu (Romanian: "Mihai Crețu" ] ; born 18 May 1957) is a Romanian–German musician, singer, songwriter, and producer.  He gained worldwide fame as the founder and musician behind the German musical project Enigma, formed in 1990.  Initially Cretu was identified as "Curly" or "Curly M.C." in reference to his curly hair and "cret" meaning "curly" in Romanian. <SEP>  The song was released as Auf der Maur's fourth single, and first from her second studio album of the same name, on November 9, 2009 as a free digital download. "Out of Our Minds" (also abbreviated as "OOOM") is a song by Canadian alternative rock musician, Melissa Auf der Maur, written by Auf der Maur, long-time collaborator and producer Jordon Zadorozny and Priestess drummer Vince Nudo. <SEP> Robbie Tucker (born April 5, 2001) is an American actor.  His best known role to date is that of Fenmore Baldwin on the CBS soap opera "The Young and the Restless".  Tucker has also starred on other series, such as "Criminal Minds", "FlashForward" and "It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia".  He has also appeared in the films "Prom" and "Little Fockers".
Question: Are Gerard Way and Saffron both singers and songwriters?

My Chemical Romance (often abbreviated as MCR) was an American rock band from Newark, New Jersey, active from 2001 to 2013.  The band's best-known lineup consisted of lead vocalist Gerard Way, guitarists Ray Toro and Frank Iero, bassist Mikey Way and drummer Bob Bryar.  Founded by Gerard, Mikey, Toro, Matt Pelissier, and later joined by Iero, the band signed to Eyeball Records and released their debut album "I Brought You My Bullets, You Brought Me Your Love" in 2002.  They signed with Reprise Records the next year and released their major label debut "Three Cheers for Sweet Revenge" in 2004.  Shortly after the album's release, Pelissier was replaced by Bob Bryar.  A commercial success, the album was awarded platinum status over a year later. <SEP>  His debut solo album "Hesitant Alien" was released on September 30, 2014. Gerard Arthur Way (born April 9, 1977) is an American singer, songwriter, musician, and comic book writer who was the lead vocalist and co-founder of the rock band My Chemical Romance from its formation in September 2001 until its split in March 2013.  He also wrote the comic mini-series "The True Lives of the Fabulous Killjoys" and the Eisner Award-winning comic book "The Umbrella Academy". <SEP> "Action Cat" is a song by American musician and former My Chemical Romance frontman, Gerard Way.  The song was released by Warner Bros.  Records on June 11, 2014 as the promotional single from Way's debut studio album, "Hesitant Alien". <SEP>  She also performed in London's "Starlight Express" for two years, appeared in the music video for the Chesney Hawkes hit, "The One and Only", and as a dancer in the music video for N-Joi's single, "Mindflux". Samantha Marie Sprackling (born 3 June 1968, Lagos, Nigeria) more commonly known as Saffron, is a singer, songwriter, actress and the lead singer of the electronica band Republica.
Question: The band that made the album "If You Could Hear Me Now" moved to what country in 1965?

The Walker Brothers were an American pop group of the 1960s and 1970s, that included Scott Engel (eventually known professionally as Scott Walker), John Walker (born John Maus, but using the name Walker since his teens), and Gary Leeds (eventually known as Gary Walker).  After moving to Britain in 1965, they had a number of top ten albums and singles there, including the No. 1 chart hits "Make It Easy on Yourself" and "The Sun Ain't Gonna Shine (Anymore)", both of which also made the US top 20.  In between the two was the lesser US hit "My Ship is Coming In". <SEP> "New Skin" is a song by American alternative rock band Incubus and was released as the second single from its second album, "S.C.I.E.N.C.E.".  It reached #21 on the Billboard top singles in 1998.  This song originally appeared on the demo "Let Me Tell Ya 'Bout Root Beer" in 1995.  It was featured as the intro song to the PC game Motocross Madness 2 developed by Rainbow Studios.  The song's bridge quotes Buckminster Fuller's quote, "Up to the Twentieth Century, reality was everything humans could touch, smell, see, and hear.  Since the initial publication of the chart of the electromagnetic spectrum, humans have learned that what they can touch, smell, see, and hear is less than one-millionth of reality." <SEP> Primordial Undermind is a critically acclaimed experimental/psychedelic rock band, begun in 1988 when guitarist Eric Arn of Connecticut's Crystalized Movements (the 80's band of guitar hero Wayne Rogers of Major Stars, Magic Hour) moved to California, and continuing today in Austria.  Arn initially went to London in 1989 to record demos with the Bevis Frond's Nick Saloman.  These sessions produced "Swimming the Ultramoon" for the 1991 7" compilation "If I Could Hear You I Would Hit You" on Baby Huey. <SEP>  It was released in 2001.  The album compiles material by the group from their mid-1970s reunion albums; "No Regrets", "Lines" and "Nite Flights".  The compilation includes seven previously unreleased outtakes from the album sessions.  All of the new material was later compiled on the expansive Walker Brothers boxset "Everything Under the Sun – The Complete Studio Recordings" in 2006. If You Could Hear Me Now is a compilation album by the American pop group The Walker Brothers.
Question: Wiscasset Airport, is a public-use airport located three miles (5 km) southwest of the central business district of Wiscasset, a town in which county located in the U.S. state of Maine?

Broadus Airport (IATA: BDX, FAA LID: 00F) is a county-owned, public-use airport located three miles (5 km) northwest of the central business district of Broadus, a town in Powder River County, Montana, United States.  This new airport was built at a cost of $2 million to replace the old Broadus Airport which is now closed. <SEP> William H. Morse State Airport (ICAO: KDDH, FAA LID: DDH) is a state-owned public-use airport located three miles (5 km) west of the central business district of Bennington, a town in Bennington County, Vermont, United States.  It is also referred to as "Southwest Vermont's Airport". <SEP>  As of the 2010 census, the population was 34,457.  Its county seat is Wiscasset.  The county was founded in 1760 from a portion of York County, Massachusetts and named after the English city Lincoln, the birthplace of Massachusetts Bay Provincial Governor Thomas Pownall. Lincoln County is a county located in the U.S. state of Maine. <SEP> Wiscasset Airport (IATA: ISS, ICAO: KIWI, FAA LID: IWI) is a public-use airport located three miles (5 km) southwest of the central business district of Wiscasset, a town in Lincoln County, Maine, United States.  This general aviation airport is publicly owned by Town of Wiscasset.  s of 2007 it is not served by commercial aircraft, though scheduled air service was once available on Downeast Airlines.
Question: Who lived for longer, Paula Fox or Simone de Beauvoir?

 For her contributions as a children's writer she won the biennial, international Hans Christian Andersen Award in 1978, the highest international recognition for a creator of children's books.  She also won several awards for particular children's books including the 1974 Newbery Medal for her novel "The Slave Dancer"; a 1983 National Book Award in category Children's Fiction (paperback) for "A Place Apart"; and the 2008 Deutscher Jugendliteraturpreis for "A Portrait of Ivan" (1969) in its German-language edition "Ein Bild von Ivan". Paula Fox (April 22, 1923 – March 1, 2017) was an American author of novels for adults and children and of two memoirs. <SEP> Simone Lucie Ernestine Marie Bertrand de Beauvoir ( or ; ] ; 9 January 1908 – 14 April 1986) was a French writer, intellectual, existentialist philosopher, political activist, feminist and social theorist.  Though she did not consider herself a philosopher, she had a significant influence on both feminist existentialism and feminist theory. <SEP> The Simone de Beauvoir Prize (French: "Prix Simone de Beauvoir pour la liberté des femmes" ) is an international human rights prize for women's freedom, awarded since 2008 to individuals or groups fighting for gender equality and opposing breaches of human rights.  It is named after the French author and philosopher Simone de Beauvoir, known for her 1949 women's rights treatise "The Second Sex". <SEP> The Second Sex (French: "Le Deuxième Sexe" ) is a 1949 book by the French existentialist Simone de Beauvoir, in which the author discusses the treatment of women throughout history.  Beauvoir researched and wrote the book in about 14 months when she was 38 years old.  She published it in two volumes, "Facts and Myths" and "Lived Experience" ("Les faits et les mythes" and "L'expérience vécue" in French).  Some chapters first appeared in "Les Temps modernes".  One of Beauvoir's best-known books, "The Second Sex" is often regarded as a major work of feminist philosophy and the starting point of second-wave feminism.
Question: "I Know There's Gonna Be (Good Times)" is a song by English music producer Jamie xx, th song was released from debut studio album, "In Colour", on which date in the UK?

"I Know There's Gonna Be (Good Times)" is a song by English music producer Jamie xx, with featured vocals from American rapper Young Thug and Jamaican musician Popcaan.  The official music video for the song was uploaded to YouTube on 28 September 2015.  The song was released as the third single from Jamie xx's debut studio album, "In Colour", on 22 May 2015 in the UK and 28 August in the U.S.  "I Know There's Gonna Be (Good Times)" peaked at number 115 on the UK Singles Chart and number 90 on the Australian ARIA Charts.  It also appears on the soundtrack for the video game "NBA Live 16" and "NBA 2K17".  English rapper Skepta's grime-influenced remix of the song made its debut on Drake's "OVO Sound Radio" on Apple Music's Beats 1 radio station. <SEP>  The album was composed during a five-year period while a member of the indie pop band The xx, starting with his production on "xx" in 2009. In Colour is the debut studio album by English producer Jamie xx, released on 29 May 2015 by Young Turks.  After starting his solo career with the remix album "We're New Here" (2011) and singles like "All Under One Roof Raving" (2014), he was intent on making the album something of a departure from his previous work and genre.  The album features guest vocals from fellow The xx members Romy and Oliver Sim, as well as from Young Thug and Popcaan.  The album produced five singles: "Girl" and "Sleep Sound" as a double-single on 5 May 2014, "Loud Places" on 27 March 2015, "Gosh" on 4 May and "I Know There's Gonna Be (Good Times)" on 22 May. <SEP> "Drunk on Love" is a song by Barbadian recording artist Rihanna, from her sixth studio album "Talk That Talk" (2011).  The song was written by Ester Dean, Traci Hale, Mikkel S. Eriksen and Tor Erik Hermansen of StarGate and Baria Qureshi, Romy Croft, Oliver Sim and Jamie Smith of The xx, with production helmed by StarGate.  A power ballad, "Drunk on Love" samples the melody of The xx's song "Intro", which was included on their debut album "xx".  Instrumentation consists of "a storm of drums" and "clattering synths."  The song garnered mixed reviews from music critics, as they were divided on the song's composition as well as Rihanna's vocal performance.  Upon the release of "Talk That Talk", the song charted at number 55 on the South Korea Gaon International Chart and number 153 on the UK Singles Chart. <SEP> James Thomas Smith (born 28 October 1988), better known by his stage name Jamie xx, is an English musician, DJ, record producer and remixer.  He is known for both his solo work and as a member of the English indie pop band The xx.  He has been recognised with a 2016 nomination for the Grammy Award for Best Dance/Electronic Album on his debut album "In Colour".
Question: USS "Elrod" (FFG-55), an "Oliver Hazard Perry"-class frigate, is a ship of the United States Navy named after which Marine, born on September 27, 1905, from Turner County, Georgia?

Elrod was born on September 27, 1905, in Turner County, Georgia.  He enlisted in the Marine Corps in December 1927, and was appointed a Marine second lieutenant in February 1931.  He attended the University of Georgia and Yale University prior to his entry into the Marine Corps. <SEP> USS "Elrod" (FFG-55), an "Oliver Hazard Perry"-class frigate, is a ship of the United States Navy named after Captain Henry T. Elrod (1905–1941), a Marine aviator who was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for his heroism in the defense of Wake Island in World War II. <SEP> USS "McClusky" (FFG-41), an "Oliver Hazard Perry"-class frigate, is a ship of the United States Navy named for Rear Admiral C. Wade McClusky (1902–1976).  In the Battle of Midway, then-Lieutenant Commander McClusky led USS "Enterprise" ' s air group, which sank the Japanese carriers "Kaga" and "Akagi" .  She was last a part of Destroyer Squadron 1.  After 31 years of service, "McClusky" was decommissioned on 14 January 2015 at Naval Base San Diego. <SEP> USS "Nicholas" (FFG-47), an "Oliver Hazard Perry"-class frigate , was the third ship of the United States Navy to be named for Major Samuel Nicholas, the first commanding officer of the United States Marines.  A third-generation guided missile frigate of the Oliver Hazard Perry class, she was laid down as Bath Iron Works hull number 388 on 27 September 1982 and launched 23 April 1983.  Sponsor at her commissioning there on 10 March 1984 was the same Mrs. Edward B. Tryon who sponsored DD 449 in 1942.
Question: Which American Christian metal band from Orange County realeased Against the Law

Saint is an American Christian metal band, first active in the mid-1980s, releasing their first album "Warriors of the Son" in 1984.  Common themes of Saint's music include hell, evil, and apocalyptic themes such as the End times.  In 2010, "HM magazine" ranked the band's albums "Time's End" and "Hell Blade" among Top 100 Christian metal albums of all time list on No. 67 and No. 46 respectively. <SEP> Against the Law is the fifth release, and fifth studio album, from the Christian metal band Stryper, released on August 21, 1990 (see 1990 in music).  Three singles/video were released for this album including "Shining Star", "Two Time Woman" and "Lady" but received minimal airplay. <SEP>  The group's lineup consists of Michael Sweet (lead vocals, guitar), Oz Fox (guitar), Tim Gaines (bass guitar), and Robert Sweet (drums).  In 2004, Gaines left the band and was replaced by Tracy Ferrie (bass guitar) but rejoined in 2009, only to be fired after tension between the band, Gaines and his new wife. Stryper is an American Christian metal band from Orange County, California. <SEP> Vengeance Rising was an American Christian thrash metal band from Los Angeles, California.  Fronted by vocalist Roger Martinez, they originally formed as Vengeance in 1987, but changed their name in 1989 to avoid conflict with another band from the Netherlands.  Band members Larry Farkas, Doug Thieme, Roger Dale Martin, and Glenn Mancaruso left following "Once Dead" and formed the band Die Happy.  Roger Martinez stayed on to record two more studio albums, but aside from him, Vengeance Rising's lineup changed for each subsequent album.  While the group was a ground breaking Christian metal band, today Vengeance Rising is known for vocalist Martinez's turning from Christianity to Satanism to atheism, since he has continuously done interviews about it.  AllMusic describes Vengeance Rising's history as "one of the most entertaining and bizarre stories in the realm of heavy metal."
Question: In what direction is Branston Hall from Lincoln?

Wallie Branston from Scarborough, Ontario is a former Canadian Race car driver who was inducted into the Canadian Motorsport Hall of Fame in 1997.  Branston was a pioneering stock car driver and later became the official starter at Mosport Park. <SEP>  The village is situated approximately 4 mi south-east from the city and county town of Lincoln. Branston is a large village in the North Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England.  It is the principal settlement in the civil parish of Branston and Mere (where is population is currently recorded). <SEP> Branston and Mere is a civil parish in the North Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England.  It is situated some 4 mi roughly south-east from the city and county town of Lincoln. <SEP> Branston Hall is a country house in the village of Branston, Lincolnshire, England.  The hall, a Grade II listed building, is set in 88 acres (3.56 square kilometres) of wooded parkland and lakes.
Question: What member of the hip hop collective, Wu-Tang Clan, appears in the song "The Glide" on the Album "4:21... The Day After," but doesn;t get credited? 

4:21 ...The Day After is the fourth studio album by American rapper and Wu-Tang Clan member Method Man.  The album was released on August 29, 2006 by Def Jam Recordings, to mostly positive reviews.  U-God appears in the song "The Glide" but isn't credited.  The album features guest appearances from Fat Joe, Styles P, Redman, and various Wu-Tang Clan members.  Production is handled by RZA, Havoc, Kwamé, Erick Sermon and Scott Storch, amongst others. <SEP> Lamont Jody Hawkins (born October 11, 1970), better known as U-God (short for Universal God), is an American rapper and member of the hip hop collective, Wu-Tang Clan.  He has been with the group since its inception, and is known for having a deep, rhythmic flow that can alternate between being gruff or smooth. <SEP> The discography of Method Man, an American hip hop recording artist, consists of five studio albums (including one collaborative album) and 34 singles (including 16 as a featured artist).  Method Man embarked on his music career in 1992, as a member of East Coast hip hop group Wu-Tang Clan.  After the Wu-Tang Clan released their highly acclaimed debut album "Enter the Wu-Tang (36 Chambers)" (1993), Method Man would be the first member to release his solo debut album.  In November 1994, he released "Tical", under Def Jam Recordings.  His debut album "Tical", features his biggest hit single to date, "I'll Be There for You/You're All I Need to Get By", which features American R&B singer Mary J. Blige and peaked at number three on the US "Billboard" Hot 100.  Method Man would then go on to collaborate with fellow East Coast rapper Redman, and subsequently form a duo together. <SEP> Hip hop or hip-hop is a subculture and art movement developed in South Bronx in New York City during the late 1970s.  While people unfamiliar with hip hop culture often use the expression "hip hop" to refer exclusively to hip hop music (also called "rap"), Hip hop is characterized by nine distinct elements or expressive realms, of which hip hop music is only four elements (rapping, djaying, beatboxing and breaking).  Afrika Bambaataa of the hip hop collective Zulu Nation outlined the pillars of hip hop culture, coining the terms: "rapping" (also called MCing or emceeing), a rhythmic vocal rhyming style (orality); DJing (and turntablism), which is making music with record players and DJ mixers (aural/sound and music creation); b-boying/b-girling/breakdancing (movement/dance); and graffiti art, which he called "aerosol writin'", although many say that the graffiti that hip hop adopted had been around years earlier, and had nothing to do with hip hop culture.  (visual art).  Other elements of hip hop subculture and arts movements beyond the main four are: hip hop culture and historical knowledge of the movement (intellectual/philosophical); beatboxing, a percussive vocal style; street entrepreneurship; hip hop language; and hip hop fashion and style, among others.
Question: Where is the mass media company based in that owns Velocity?

 The network specializes in nonfiction programming, focusing on cars, and also sports (particularly motorsports), leisure, and other topics targeted at men ages 18 to 54. Velocity (formerly HD Theater and originally Discovery HD Theater) is an American high-definition, commercial-based, cable and satellite television network owned by Discovery Communications. <SEP> Discovery Communications is an American mass media company based in Silver Spring, Maryland.  The company was first established in 1985 as the owner of its namesake U.S. television channel, Discovery Channel; the company operates other major factual television networks in the United States as well, including Animal Planet, and TLC, along with other spin-offs of Discovery.  It also owns or has interests in local versions of its channel brands in international markets, as well as other major regional operations such as Eurosport. <SEP> The Educational Media Company at Virginia Tech (EMCVT) is an independent governing body over student mass media organizations of the Virginia Tech campus.  The EMCVT board of directors is made up of Virginia Tech faculty and staff, students, and members of the Blacksburg, Virginia community.  As the parent company, EMCVT owns the copyrights on all media produced by its divisions. <SEP> Le Défi Media Group is a mass media company based in Port Louis, Mauritius.  The group's operations include newspapers, magazines, radio and digital media.  The newspapers, magazines and radio are mostly published and broadcast in French.
Question: Who won the Australian federal election, 1998 to become the 25th Prime Minister of Australia?

Federal elections were held in Australia on 3 October 1998.  The incumbent Liberal Party of Australia led by Prime Minister of Australia John Howard and coalition partner the National Party of Australia led by Tim Fischer defeated the opposition Australian Labor Party led by Kim Beazley, despite Beazley's Labor Party polling more votes overall than Howard's Liberal-National Coalition.  All 148 seats in the House of Representatives and 40 seats in the 76-member Senate were up for election. <SEP> The Fraser Government refers to the federal Executive Government of Australia led by Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser.  It was made up of members of a Liberal Party of Australia-Country Party of Australia coalition in the Australian Parliament from November 1975 to March 1983.  Initially appointed as a "caretaker" government following the Dismissal of the Whitlam Government, Fraser won in a landslide at the resulting 1975 Australian Federal Election, and won substantial majorities at the subsequent 1977 and 1980 elections, before losing to the Bob Hawke led Australian Labor Party in the 1983 election. <SEP> John Winston Howard, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (born 26 July 1939) was the 25th Prime Minister of Australia, serving from 11 March 1996 to 3 December 2007.  Only Sir Robert Menzies has served in the position longer. <SEP> The 45th Parliament of Australia is a meeting of the legislative branch of the Australian federal government, composed of the Australian Senate and the Australian House of Representatives.  It has been meeting in Canberra from 2 July 2016 to the present.  The 2016 general election gave the Coalition of the Liberal and National Parties control of the House, albeit with a slimmer majority than the 44th Parliament, allowing their leader Malcolm Turnbull to stay in office as the 28th Prime Minister of Australia.
Question: What nicknames were applied to Margaret de Audley, 2nd Baroness Audley royal great grandfather ?

Joan de Geneville, 2nd Baroness Geneville, Countess of March, Baroness Mortimer (2 February 1286 – 19 October 1356), also known as Jeanne de Joinville, was the daughter of Sir Piers de Geneville and Joan of Lusignan.  She inherited the estates of her grandparents, Geoffrey de Geneville, 1st Baron Geneville, and Maud de Lacy, Baroness Geneville.  She was one of the wealthiest heiresses in the Welsh Marches and County Meath, Ireland.  She was the wife of Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March, the de facto ruler of England from 1327 to 1330.  She succeeded as suo jure 2nd Baroness Geneville on 21 October 1314 upon the death of her grandfather, Geoffrey de Geneville. <SEP> Margaret de Audley, "suo jure" 2nd Baroness Audley and Countess of Stafford (1318 – between 1347 and 1351) was an English noblewoman.  She was the only daughter of Hugh de Audley, 1st Earl of Gloucester by his wife Lady Margaret de Clare.  As the only daughter and heiress of her father, she succeeded to the title of 2nd Baroness Audley [E., 1317] on 10 November 1347.  Her mother was the daughter of Joan of Acre, Princess of England; thus making Margaret a great-granddaughter of King Edward I by his first consort, Eleanor of Castile. <SEP>  He spent much of his reign reforming royal administration and common law.  Through an extensive legal inquiry, Edward investigated the tenure of various feudal liberties, while the law was reformed through a series of statutes regulating criminal and property law. Edward I (17/18 June 1239 – 7 July 1307), also known as Edward Longshanks and the Hammer of the Scots (Latin: "Malleus Scotorum" ), was King of England from 1272 to 1307.  Increasingly, however, Edward's attention was drawn towards military affairs. <SEP> Hugh de Audley, 1st Baron Audley and 1st Earl of Gloucester (3rd Creation) (c. 1291 – 10 November 1347) was the second son of Sir Hugh de Audley, Lord Audley by Iseult de Mortimer and Great great grandson of King Henry II.  He held many offices including Knight of Stratton in Stratton Audley, Oxfordshire, of Gratton, Staffordshire, the King's bachelor, Sheriff of Rutland, and was the English Ambassador to France in 1341.
Question: Are Ralph Wien Memorial Airport and Columbia Regional Airport in the same country?

 The only commercial airport in the region of Mid-Missouri, it is served by two commercial airlines and also provides general aviation services.  Airport officials have created a plan to extend the 6,500 foot runway, and to construct a new terminal.  The runway will be extended first, with the terminal reconstruction to take place two years later. Columbia Regional Airport (IATA: KCOU, ICAO: COU) is a public city owned airport located about 10 nautical miles (12 mi, 19 km) southeast of the central business district of Columbia in Boone County, Missouri, United States. <SEP> The West Kootenay Regional Airport, (Castlegar Airport) (IATA: YCG, ICAO: CYCG) is a small regional airport located 2 NM south southeast of Castlegar, British Columbia, Canada.  It is owned and operated by the City of Castlegar, and has a 15317 sqft passenger terminal.  Due to the mountainous terrain impinging on both runway approaches, there is no possibility of a straight-in approach.  The airport is therefore certified for day operations only, and the glideslope on approach is set to a steep 5.0° rather than the standard 3.0°.  The instrument approaches to Castlegar are considered among the most challenging of any in use at a commercial airport in North America.  As of 2011, the Dash-8s serving the airport required minimums of 3400 foot cloud ceilings and three miles visibility (Air Canada Jazz adds 100 feet and one mile to these minimums). <SEP> Ralph Wien Memorial Airport (IATA: OTZ, ICAO: PAOT, FAA LID: OTZ) is a state-owned public-use airport located one nautical mile (1.85 km) south of the central business district of Kotzebue, a city on the Baldwin Peninsula in the Northwest Arctic Borough of the U.S. state of Alaska. <SEP> Bering Air is an American airline headquartered in Nome, Alaska, USA.  It operates domestic scheduled passenger and charter airline services, as well as air ambulance and helicopter services.  Its main base is Nome Airport, with hubs at Ralph Wien Memorial Airport (Kotzebue) and Unalakleet Airport
Question: The 42d Attack Squadron of the United States Air Force flies General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper, sometimes called Predator B, is an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) capable of remotely controlled or autonomous flight operations, developed by General Atomics Aeronautical Systems (GA-ASI), primarily for which organization?

The General Atomics MQ-1C Gray Eagle (previously the Warrior; also called Sky Warrior and ERMP or Extended-Range Multi-Purpose) is a medium-altitude, long-endurance (MALE) unmanned aircraft system (UAS).  It was developed by General Atomics Aeronautical Systems (GA-ASI) for the United States Army as an upgrade of the General Atomics MQ-1 Predator. <SEP> The General Atomics Avenger (formerly Predator C) is a developmental unmanned combat air vehicle built by General Atomics Aeronautical Systems for the U.S. military.  Its first flight occurred on 4 April 2009.  Unlike the previous MQ-1 Predator and MQ-9 Reaper (Predator B) drones, the Avenger is powered by a turbofan engine, and its design includes stealth features such as internal weapons storage, and an S-shaped exhaust for reduced infrared and radar signatures. <SEP>  The MQ-9 and other UAVs are referred to as Remotely Piloted Vehicles/Aircraft (RPV/RPA) by the USAF to indicate their human ground controllers. The General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper (sometimes called Predator B) is an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) capable of remotely controlled or autonomous flight operations, developed by General Atomics Aeronautical Systems (GA-ASI) primarily for the United States Air Force (USAF).  The MQ-9 is the first hunter-killer UAV designed for long-endurance, high-altitude surveillance.  In 2006, the then–Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force General T. Michael Moseley said: "We've moved from using UAVs primarily in intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance roles before Operation Iraqi Freedom, to a true hunter-killer role with the Reaper." <SEP>  The 42d oversees the training and combat deployment of aerial vehicle and sensor operators assigned to the Reaper.  All aircraft will employ the AN/AAS-52 Multi-Spectral Targeting System developed by Raytheon. The 42d Attack Squadron of the United States Air Force flies General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper Unmanned aerial vehicles and is currently stationed at Creech Air Force Base near Indian Springs, Nevada.
Question: Which group is from the US, Uncle Tupelo or The Vines?

No Depression is the first studio album by alternative country band Uncle Tupelo, released in June 1990.  After its formation in the late 1980s, Uncle Tupelo recorded the "Not Forever, Just for Now" demo tape, which received a positive review by the "College Media Journal" in 1989.  The review led to the band's signing with what would become Rockville Records later that year.  The album was recorded with producers Sean Slade and Paul Q. Kolderie at Fort Apache Studios, on a budget of US$3,500. <SEP> Mike Heidorn, born 1967 in Belleville, Illinois, is the former drummer and founding member of alternative country bands Uncle Tupelo and Son Volt.  Heidorn also played with the Uncle Tupelo precursors the Primitives (or Primatives ) and the one-off band Coffee Creek with Jay Farrar and Jeff Tweedy of Uncle Tupelo and Brian Henneman of The Bottle Rockets.  Heidorn married and left Uncle Tupelo after the recording of their third album, March 16–20, 1992.  After the breakup of Uncle Tupelo Heidorn was reactivated by Farrar and joined the first version of Son Volt, but was not involved in the reformation of the band in 2005 and is no longer active as a professional musician. <SEP>  Their sound has been described as a musical hybrid of 1960s garage rock and 1990s alternative rock. The Vines are an Australian rock band formed in 1994 in Sydney.  The band's current line-up consists of vocalist and guitarist Craig Nicholls, bass guitarist Tim John and drummer Lachlan West. <SEP> Uncle Tupelo was an alternative country music group from Belleville, Illinois, active between 1987 and 1994.  Jay Farrar, Jeff Tweedy, and Mike Heidorn formed the band after the lead singer of their previous band, The Primitives, left to attend college.  The trio recorded three albums for Rockville Records, before signing with Sire Records and expanding to a five-piece.  Shortly after the release of the band's major label debut album "Anodyne", Farrar announced his decision to leave the band due to a soured relationship with his co-songwriter Tweedy.  Uncle Tupelo split on May 1, 1994, after completing a farewell tour.  Following the breakup, Farrar formed Son Volt with Heidorn, while the remaining members continued as Wilco.
Question: Who was a French inventor, Louis Le Prince of Peter Tscherkassky?

Peter Tscherkassky (born October 3, 1958) is an Austrian avant-garde filmmaker who works primarily with found footage.  All of his work is done with film and heavily edited in the darkroom, rather than relying on recent advances in digital film. <SEP> Louis, Duke of Orléans (4 August 1703 – 4 February 1752) was a member of the royal family of France, the House of Bourbon, and as such was a "prince du sang".  At his father's death, he became the First Prince of the Blood ("Premier Prince du Sang").  Known as "Louis le Pieux" and also as "Louis le Génovéfain", Louis was a pious, charitable and cultured prince, who took very little part in the politics of the time. <SEP>  He has been heralded as the "Father of Cinematography" since 1930. Louis Aimé Augustin Le Prince (] ; 28 August 1841 – vanished 16 September 1890) was a French inventor who shot the first moving pictures on paper film using a single lens camera. <SEP> William Friese-Greene (born William Edward Green, 7 September 1855 – 5 May 1921) was an English portrait photographer and prolific inventor.  He is principally known as a pioneer in the field of motion pictures, though not the inventor of cinematography; his work post-dates that of Louis Le Prince, who successfully shot the world's first moving pictures in Leeds in 1888.
Question: Æthelwulf of Berkshire lost his life at a battle in what year?

Rheomithres (Greek: Ῥεομίθρης ) was a Persian noble.  He was father of Phrasaortes among other children, whom Alexander the Great appointed satrap of Persis in 330 BC.  He joined in the Great Satraps' Revolt of the western provinces from Artaxerxes II, in 362 BC, and was employed by his confederates to go to Tachos, pharaoh of Egypt, for aid.  He came back with 500 talents and 50 warships and he is supposed to have left his wife and his children to Tachos as a guarantee for his assistance.  Nevertheless, Rheomithres betrayed the rebels and he invited a number of them in a meeting.  On their arrival, he arrested them, and despatched them in chains to Artaxerxes to receive the bounties, thus making his own peace at court.  Rheomithres took part in the battle of the Granicus, in 334 BC, where he was in command of a body of 2,000 cavalry on the right wing, between 1,000 Medes and 2,000 Bactrians.  He survived the battle and the next year he joined Darius at the battle of Issus where he lost his life. <SEP> Æthelwulf of Berkshire (before 825 – 4 January, 871) was a Saxon ealdorman.  In 860 he and other men of Berkshire fought off a band of pirates near Winchester, Hampshire.  Later he mustered a force of 1400 men against an army of Danes, won the 31 December 870 Battle of Englefield on behalf of the then kingdom of Wessex.  He received a land grant in 843/44 from Brihtwulf, king of Mercia; and lost his life at the Battle of Reading. <SEP>  It was one of a series of battles, with honours to both sides, that took place following an invasion of the then kingdom of Wessex by an army of Danes led by Bagsecg and Halfdan Ragnarsson in an attempt to conquer Wessex.  Both battle and campaign are described in the "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle", and this account provides the earliest known written record of the existence of the town of Reading. The first Battle of Reading was a battle on 4 January 871 at Reading in what is now the English county of Berkshire. <SEP> The Mongol Siege of Diaoyu Castle was a battle between Song dynasty China and Mongol empire in the year of 1259.  Möngke Khan, the fourth khan of Mongol empire lost his life in this battle making it the only battle where Mongols lost their khan during their conquest of the world.  This battle was preceded by the siege of Baghdad in the year of 1258.  In a world-wide warfare, the siege of Diaoyu castle can be seen as a major setback of the Mongol conquest.
Question: Which president of Queens College, Cambridge, was also a member of the theological critical realism community?

The Institute for Orthodox Christian Studies (IOCS) is a theological college in Cambridge, England.  It works in collaboration with the University of Cambridge and Anglia Ruskin University and awards its degree programs through these universities.  IOCS is the only Christian Orthodox institute for higher education in the UK and, beside the Department of Orthodox Theology at the University of Eastern Finland, the only academic institution teaching the Orthodox faith in English anywhere in western Europe.  Along with other theological colleges in Cambridge, it is a member of the Cambridge Theological Federation.  The institute adopts a holistic approach to learning that integrates academic study with a liturgical life. <SEP> In theology, the term critical realism is employed by a community of scientists turned theologians.  They are influenced by the scientist turned philosopher Michael Polanyi.  Polanyi's ideas were taken up enthusiastically by T. F. Torrance whose work in this area has influenced many theologians calling themselves critical realists.  The aim of the group is to show that the language of science and Christian theology are similar, forming a starting point for a dialogue between the two.  Alister McGrath and Wentzel van Huyssteen (the latter of Princeton Theological Seminary) are recent contributors to this strand.  N.T. Wright, New Testament scholar and retired Bishop of Durham (Anglican) also writes on this topic:  This community includes John Polkinghorne, Ian Barbour, and Arthur Peacocke. <SEP> John Charlton Polkinghorne, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (born 16 October 1930) is an English theoretical physicist, theologian, writer and Anglican priest.  A prominent and leading voice explaining the relationship between science and religion, he was professor of mathematical physics at the University of Cambridge from 1968 to 1979, when he resigned his chair to study for the priesthood, becoming an ordained Anglican priest in 1982.  He served as the president of Queens' College, Cambridge from 1988 until 1996. <SEP> He is the son of Major General W. O. Bowen and was educated at Dulwich College, Winchester Art School and Queens College, Cambridge where he was president of the Marlowe Society and appeared in student productions.  He then toured with the Royal Shakespeare Company and appeared in repertory theatres .