winkelee/scaling-down huggingface dataset:
Question: Are  W. E. B. Griffin and Mary Gordon both writers?

Mary Gordon, C.M., B.A., (born 13 October 1947) is a Canadian educator, social entrepreneur, child advocate and parenting expert.  She is the founder and president of both Roots of Empathy and Seeds of Empathy, non-profit evidence-based programs dedicated to promoting emotional literacy and empathy among children. <SEP> The Company of Women is a novel by Irish-American author Mary Gordon.  First published in 1981, it is a coming-of-age story which details the sheltered upbringing of a well-educated Catholic girl named Felicitas, and how her values are challenged and altered by the turbulence of the 1960s protest movement.  The book earned Gordon a second Janet Heidinger Kafka Prize. <SEP> William Edmund Butterworth III (born November 10, 1929), better known by his pen name W. E. B. Griffin, is a writer of military and detective fiction with 38 novels in six series published under that name.  He has also published under 11 other pseudonyms and three versions of his real name (W. E. Butterworth, William E. Butterworth, and most recently William E. Butterworth III). <SEP> Mary Catherine Gordon (born December 8, 1949) is an American writer and the McIntosh Professor of English at Barnard College.  She is best known for her novels, memoirs and literary criticism.
Question: Which Jordan Brand Classic alum attended Towson Catholic High School?

The Jordan Brand Classic, is a high school All-Star basketball game played annually in April.  The game's rosters feature the best and most highly recruited high school boys in the senior class including alumns like Chris Paul, Carmelo Anthony, Blake Griffin, LeBron James, and Kevin Durant. <SEP> Towson Catholic High School was a private Catholic, co-educational high school in the Baltimore suburb of Towson, Maryland, whose closing was announced in July, 2009.  At its peak enrollment in the 1960s and 1970s, more than 400 children attended.  Founded in 1922 by a Catholic priest, Phillip Sheridan, it was the oldest co-educational Catholic high school in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Baltimore when it closed.  During its 86 years, the small school was long noted for its successful athletics program as well as personalized secondary-level education. <SEP> Carmelo Kyam Anthony (born May 29, 1984) is an American professional basketball player for the Oklahoma City Thunder of the National Basketball Association (NBA).  Anthony attended Towson Catholic High School and Oak Hill Academy before playing college basketball at Syracuse.  In Anthony's freshman season, he led the Orangemen to their first and only National Championship and was named the NCAA Tournament's Most Outstanding Player.  Anthony then entered the 2003 NBA draft where he was selected with the third overall pick by the Denver Nuggets. <SEP> Malcolm Hakeem Delaney (born March 11, 1989) is an American professional basketball player for the Atlanta Hawks of the National Basketball Association (NBA).  He is from Baltimore, Maryland, and attended Towson Catholic High School.  Delaney played college basketball for the Virginia Tech Hokies men's basketball team.  At the end of his college career, Delaney declared for the 2011 NBA draft.  He was not drafted, and instead began his professional basketball career overseas, playing one season each for Élan Chalon, Budivelnyk Kyiv, and Bayern Munich, and later joined Lokomotiv Kuban for two seasons.  In 2016, he earned an All-EuroLeague First Team selection.
Question: In what county is the city where John McConnell Rice commenced practice?

Edward Lane was a representative from Illinois; born in Cleveland, Ohio, March 27, 1842; moved to Illinois in May 1858 with his parents, who settled in Hillsboro, Montgomery County; attended the common schools and was graduated from Hillsboro Academy; taught school for several years; studied law; was admitted to the bar in February 1865 and commenced practice in Hillsboro, Ill.; city attorney of Hillsboro three years; elected judge of the Montgomery County Court in November 1869 and served until 1873; elected as a Democrat to the Fiftieth and to the three succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1887 – March 3, 1895); chairman, Committee on Militia (Fifty-second Congress); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1894 to the Fifty-fourth Congress; resumed the practice of law in Hillsboro, Ill., where he died October 30, 1912; interment in Oak Grove Cemetery. <SEP> Pikeville ( ) is a city in and the county seat of Pike County, Kentucky, United States.  During the 2010 U.S. Census, the population within Pikeville's city limits was 6,903. <SEP> Alan John McConnell (born 30 March 1957) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for Footscray in the Victorian Football League (VFL) during the early 1980s and later coached Fitzroy.  McConnell is currently serving as senior assistant coach of the Greater Western Sydney Giants. <SEP> John McConnell Rice (February 19, 1831 – September 18, 1895) was a United States Representative from Kentucky.  He graduated from a Louisville, Kentucky law school in 1852, was admitted to the bar in 1853, and commenced practice in Pikeville, Kentucky.  He was born in Prestonsburg, Kentucky where he received a limited schooling.
Question: Are Stanley Kramer and Hubert Sauper of the same nationality?

Hubert Sauper (born 27 July 1966) is an Austrian documentary filmmaker, director, writer, producer, and actor best known for the highly controversial "Darwin's Nightmare" (2004) which was nominated for an Academy Award. <SEP> We Come as Friends is a 2014 Austrian-French documentary film written, directed and produced by Hubert Sauper.  The film premiered in-competition in the "World Cinema Documentary Competition" at 2014 Sundance Film Festival on January 18, 2014.  It won the "Special Jury Award for Cinematic Bravery" at the festival. <SEP> Darwin's Nightmare is a 2004 Austrian-French-Belgian documentary film written and directed by Hubert Sauper, dealing with the environmental and social effects of the fishing industry around Lake Victoria in Tanzania.  It premiered at the 2004 Venice Film Festival, and was nominated for the 2006 Academy Award for Documentary Feature at the 78th Academy Awards.  The Boston Globe called it "the year's best documentary about the animal world." <SEP>  As an independent producer and director, he brought attention to topical social issues that most studios avoided.  Among the subjects covered in his films were racism (in "The Defiant Ones" and "Guess Who's Coming to Dinner"), nuclear war (in "On the Beach"), greed (in "It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World"), creationism vs. evolution (in "Inherit the Wind") and the causes and effects of fascism (in "Judgment at Nuremberg"). Stanley Earl Kramer (September 29, 1913February 19, 2001) was an American film director and producer, responsible for making many of Hollywood's most famous "message films".  His other notable films included "High Noon" (1952, as producer), "The Caine Mutiny" (1954, as producer), and "Ship of Fools" (1965).
Question: When was the the ship launched ,that along with the Tripitz and the Lützow was a target for  Operation Source ?

 The ship was built at the "Kriegsmarinewerft" dockyard in Wilhelmshaven; she was laid down on 15 June 1935 and launched a year and four months later on 3 October 1936. Scharnhorst was a German capital ship, alternatively described as a battleship and battlecruiser, of Nazi Germany's "Kriegsmarine".  She was the lead ship of her class, which included one other ship, "Gneisenau" .  Completed in January 1939, the ship was armed with a main battery of nine 28 cm (11 in) C/34 guns in three triple turrets.  Plans to replace these weapons with six 38 cm (15 in) SK C/34 guns in twin turrets were never carried out. <SEP> SMS "Lützow" was the second "Derfflinger"-class battlecruiser built by the German "Kaiserliche Marine" (English: Imperial Navy ) before World War I.  Ordered as a replacement for the old protected cruiser "Kaiserin Augusta" , "Lützow" was launched on 29 November 1913, but not completed until 1916.  "Lützow" was a sister ship to "Derfflinger" from which she differed slightly in that she was armed with an additional pair of 15 cm (5.9 inch) secondary guns and had an additional watertight compartment in her hull.  She was named in honor of the Prussian general Ludwig Adolf Wilhelm von Lützow who fought in the Napoleonic Wars. <SEP> Kronprinzessin Cecilie was a Hamburg-America Line passenger ship launched on 14 October 1905 by Krupp Aktiengesellschaft Germaniawerft at Kiel, Germany.  The ship was placed on the South American service and soon to be overshadowed by the Norddeutscher Lloyd four stack liner "Kronprinzessin Cecilie" launched on 1 December 1906 that, at  GRT , was over twice the  GRT tonnage of the Hamburg-America Line ship. <SEP> Operation Source was a series of attacks to neutralise the heavy German warships – "Tirpitz", "Scharnhorst" and "Lützow" – based in northern Norway, using X-class midget submarines.
Question: Population of 778, what is Nassu County border to?

Sira is a village in Flekkefjord municipality in Vest-Agder county, Norway.  The village is located immediately east of the county border of Vest-Agder and Rogaland.  The European route E39 highway passes by the village and the Sørlandet Line runs right through the village, stopping at Sira Station.  The 0.66 km2 village has a population (2015) of 630, giving the village a population density of 955 PD/km2 . <SEP> Woodsburgh is a village in Nassau County, New York in the United States.  The population was 778 at the 2010 census. <SEP> Woolsthorpe, also known as Woolsthorpe-by-Belvoir, is a village and civil parish in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England.  The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 415.  It is situated approximately 5 mi west from Grantham, and adjoins the county border with Leicestershire.  The neighbouring village of Belvoir lies on the other side of the border.  Grantham Canal is situated 1 mi to the north-east at its closest point. <SEP> The Hewlett-Woodmere Public School District, Union Free School District 14, is located in the southwest section of Nassau County, New York and borders the New York City borough of Queens.  Communities in the district include, in full or in part, Hewlett, Woodmere, Woodsburgh, North Woodmere an unincorporated area of Valley Stream, the Gibson section of Valley Stream, Hewlett Harbor, Hewlett Neck, and Hewlett Bay Park, as well as parts of Lynbrook, all comprise the geographical boundaries for the school district.  There are approximately 3,200 students enrolled in pre-K through 12th grade.  The district is operated under the supervision of a seven-member Board of Education.
Question: The Kids of Catan and Glasnost The Game are both what kind of game?

 Like other Catan titles, the game is created by Klaus Teuber and published by Kosmos in German and Mayfair Games in English. The Kids of Catan is a German board game designed for children using the theme from "The Settlers of Catan". <SEP> Catan: Seafarers, or Seafarers of Catan in older editions, (German: "Die Seefahrer von Catan" ) is an expansion of the board game "The Settlers of Catan" for three to four players (five-to-six-player play is also possible with both of the respective five-to-six-player extensions).  The main feature of this expansion is the addition of ships, gold rivers, and the pirate to the game, allowing play between multiple islands.  The expansion also provides numerous scenarios, some of which have custom rules.  The "Seafarers" rules and scenarios are also, for the most part, compatible with "" and "". <SEP> The Catan Card Game, originally named The Settlers of Catan: The Card Game, is a card game adaptation of "The Settlers of Catan".  It is a member of the "Catan" series of games, and is published by Kosmos in German, and Mayfair Games in English.  The "Catan Card Game" is a two-player game, although the rules can be accommodated as to allow players to share a set or for each player to have their own.  Seven expansions of the "Catan Card Game" have been released. <SEP>  Both types of token come in the following numbers and denominations: 25x1, 20x2, 5x2, 5x10, 5x20 Each Glasnost The Game game comes with a Board, one die, 36 cards and a number of differently colored tokens denoting armies and industries: Armies are dark, industries are light colored.
Question: In what village is the Swords and Ploughshares Museum, which could feature the Canadian tank based on the M3 Medium Tank?

 The Museum is focused on a specific aspect of Canadian military history: the Citizen Soldier (the Militiaman and Reservist) at peace and at war.  The Museum uses vehicles and artifacts to demonstrate how they could be adapted and used by Citizen Soldiers for both military and civilian purposes.  For example, a Ram tank from World War II that was modified after the war to serve as a snowplow was a featured display at the Museum for many years. The Swords and Ploughshares Museum is a private military museum located south of the village of Kars, Ontario. <SEP> The Type 89 medium tank I-Go (八九式中戦車　イ号 , Hachikyū-shiki chū-sensha I-gō ) was a medium tank used by the Imperial Japanese Army from 1932 to 1942 in combat operations of the Second Sino-Japanese War, at Khalkhin Gol against the Soviet Union, and in the Second World War.  The Type 89B model was the world's first mass-produced diesel engine tank.  The tank was armed with a short-barrel 57 mm cannon for knocking out pillboxes and masonry fortifications, and proved effective in campaigns in Manchuria and China, as the Chinese National Revolutionary Army had only three tank battalions to oppose them, which consisted primarily of Vickers export models, German Panzer Is, and Italian CV33 tankettes.  The Type 89 was a 1920s design medium tank, built to support the infantry, and thus lacked the armor or armament of 1940s generation Allied armor; and was regarded as obsolete by the time of the 1939 battles of Khalkhin Gol, against the Soviet Union.  The code designation "I-Go" comes from the "katakana" letter [イ] for “first” and the "kanji" [号] for "number".  The designation is also transliterated Chi-Ro and sometimes "Yi-Go". <SEP> The M3 Lee, officially Medium Tank, M3, was an American medium tank used during World War II.  In Britain, the tank was called by two names based on the turret configuration and crew size.  Tanks employing US pattern turrets were called the "Lee", named after Confederate general Robert E. Lee.  Variants using British pattern turrets were known as "Grant," named after Union general Ulysses S. Grant. <SEP> The Tank, Cruiser, Ram was a cruiser tank designed and built by Canada in the Second World War, based on the U.S. M3 Medium tank.  Due to standardization on the American Sherman tank for frontline units, it was used exclusively for training purposes and was never used in combat as a gun tank.  The chassis was used for several other combat roles however, such as a flamethrower tank, observation post, and armoured personnel carrier.
Question: What private research university in California is Anne Howland Ehrlich is the associate director of the Center for Conservation Biology?

 She is associate director of the Center for Conservation Biology at Stanford University. Anne Howland Ehrlich (born Anne Fitzhugh Howland; November 17, 1933) is the American co-author of several books on overpopulation and ecology with her husband, Stanford University professor Paul R. Ehrlich. <SEP> Michael E. Soulé is a U.S. biologist, best known for his work in promoting the idea of conservation biology.  He earned a Ph.D. in Population Biology at Stanford University under Paul R. Ehrlich.  He co-edited with Gary Lease a book of essays titled "Reinventing nature? : responses to postmodern deconstruction" (1995), which was a response to the arguments presented by environmental historian William Cronon and others in "Uncommon ground: toward reinventing nature" (1995).  He is Research Professor (Emeritus) in Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz.  Soule was a cofounder of the Society for Conservation Biology and currently serves on the board of Round River Conservation Studies and the Wildlands Network. <SEP>  Stanford's undergraduate program is the most selective in America.  Due to its academic strength, wealth, and proximity to Silicon Valley it is often cited as one of the world's most prestigious universities. Stanford University (Stanford; officially Leland Stanford Junior University, colloquially the Farm) is a private research university in Stanford, California, adjacent to Palo Alto and between San Jose and San Francisco. <SEP> Julie Huber is an Associate Scientist in the Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry department at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.  She previously was an Associate Professor of Ecology and Evolutionary biology at Brown University, an Associate Scientist at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, and the Associate Director of the MBL's Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution.  She also serves as the associate director of the Center for Dark Energy Biosphere Investigations, a National Science Foundation-supported program headquartered at the University of Southern California.
Question: Were Ken Annakin and Michael Crichton both involved in the film industry?

Timeline is a 2000 adventure/puzzle video game published by Eidos Interactive for the personal computer.  The game was developed by author Michael Crichton's Timeline Computer Entertainment (initially formed as Timeline Studios), and is based on Crichton's 1999 novel of the same name.  Crichton was directly involved in the game's creation. <SEP>  His books have sold over 200 million copies worldwide, and many have been adapted into films. John Michael Crichton ( ; October 23, 1942 – November 4, 2008) was an American best-selling author, screenwriter, film director and producer best known for his work in the science fiction, medical fiction and thriller genres. <SEP> Kenneth Cooper "Ken" Annakin, OBE (10 August 1914 – 22 April 2009) was a prolific English film director. <SEP> The Story of Robin Hood and His Merrie Men is a 1952 live action Disney version of the Robin Hood legend made in Technicolor and filmed in Buckinghamshire, England.  It was written by Lawrence Edward Watkin and directed by Ken Annakin.  This is the second of Disney's complete live-action films, after "Treasure Island" (1950), and the first of four films Annakin directed for Disney.
Question: The representative of Portneuf in the Legislative Assembly of Quebec from 1867 to 1878 was from a province in which country?

County of Ottawa (French: Compté d'Ottawa ) was a federal and provincial electoral district in Quebec, Canada, which was represented in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada from 1830 to 1867, in the Canadian House of Commons from 1867 to 1892, and in the Legislative Assembly of Quebec from 1867 to at least 1919. <SEP>  Quebec is Canada's largest province by area and its second-largest administrative division; only the territory of Nunavut is larger. Quebec ( or ; French: "Québec" ] ) is one of the 13 provinces and territories of Canada.  It is bordered to the west by the province of Ontario, James Bay, and Hudson Bay; to the north by Hudson Strait and Ungava Bay; to the east by the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the province of Newfoundland and Labrador; and to the south by the province of New Brunswick and the US states of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, and New York.  It also shares maritime borders with Nunavut, Prince Edward Island, and Nova Scotia.  It is historically and politically considered to be part of Central Canada (with Ontario). <SEP>  He represented Portneuf in the Legislative Assembly of Quebec from 1867 to 1878 as a Conservative. Praxède Larue (September 2, 1823 – November 29, 1902) was a physician and political figure in Quebec. <SEP> Pierre-Étienne Fortin (December 14, 1823 – June 15, 1888) was a Quebec physician and political figure.  He represented Gaspé in the Canadian House of Commons as a Conservative member from 1867 to 1874 and from 1878 to 1887 and also represented Gaspé in the Legislative Assembly of Quebec from 1867 to 1878.  In 1887, he was appointed to the Senate of Canada for Kennebec division.
Question: Who founded the record company that Hopsin was signed to in 2007?

Motown is an American record company.  The record company was founded by Berry Gordy Jr. as Tamla Records on January 12, 1959, and was incorporated as Motown Record Corporation on April 14, 1960, in Detroit, Michigan.  The name, a portmanteau of "motor" and "town", has also become a nickname for Detroit.  Motown played an important role in the racial integration of popular music as an African American-owned record label that achieved significant crossover success.  In the 1960s, Motown and its subsidiary labels (including Tamla Motown, the brand used outside the US) were the most successful proponents of what came to be known as the Motown Sound, a style of soul music with a distinct pop influence.  During the 1960s, Motown achieved spectacular success for a small record company: 79 records in the Top Ten of the "Billboard" Hot 100 record chart between 1960 and 1969. <SEP> Marcus Jamal Hopson (born July 18, 1985), better known by his stage name Hopsin, is an American rapper, record producer, director and actor from Los Angeles, California.  In 2007, he was signed to Ruthless Records, and had founded his own record label, Funk Volume, in 2009.  He would then go on to found another record label, Undercover Prodigy, in 2016.  Hopsin has released four studio albums, "Gazing at the Moonlight" through Ruthless Records, "Raw", "Knock Madness" and "Pound Syndrome" along with the collaborative project Haywire (with SwizZz) through Funk Volume.  He is well known for his use of white colored eye contacts in music videos, performances, and interviews. <SEP> Cora E. (born 1968 in Kiel, Germany as Sylvia Macco) is a former nurse turned hip-hop artist who emerged in the early underground German hip hop culture.  At the time that she came to prominence, she was not only one of the originators, but she was also one of the few females in the industry.  She was one of the very few old-school acts to be taken on by a major record label after she released two singles with Buback record company.  She wrote her own lyrics, and worked independently.  Many pegged her as a rapper but she called herself a "hip hopper."  Despite this, she and another traditionalist group Advanced Chemistry insisted that rap and hip-hop are inseparable.  The social criticisms based on personal experience in her music link her to other Hip-Hop artists in Germany, such as Advanced Chemistry.  Her old school sound interested EMI; they signed her and another female artist, Tic Tac Toe.  She had success with the record company and her first single "Schlüsselkind" (Latchkey Kid) was a hit. <SEP>  The record label was founded in Compton, California in 1986. Ruthless Records is an American record label, founded by Eazy-E and Dr.Dre.  The label's acts over the years have earned RIAA certifications of Platinum or higher on 15 of its released albums, including releases by N.W.A, Eazy-E, MC Ren, The D.O.C., Michel'le, J.J.Fad and Bone-Thugs-n-Harmony.
Question: Board of Education v. Earls and Illinois v. Gates, have a relationship to which mutual country?

Board of Education v. Walters was a 1979 Ohio Supreme Court case relating to the funding of primary and secondary schools in Ohio.  The Court ruled that the method of funding public schools at the time was constitutional despite disparities in per-pupil education spending between different districts.  Article VI of the Ohio Constitution states that the state must provide an "adequate system of public schools."  The ruling overturned a previous trial court ruling that the State's school-funding system violated the Constitution of Ohio's requirement of providing a thorough and efficient system of public education.  "Board of Education v. Walters" is one of the cases that played a role leading to "DeRolph v. State of Ohio" in 1997, which found the model of funding for public schools in Ohio to be unconstitutional. <SEP>  The legal challenge to the practice was brought by two students, Lindsay Earls and Daniel James, and their families against the school board of Tecumseh, Oklahoma, alleging that their policy requiring students to consent to random urinalysis testing for drug use violated the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution. Board of Education v. Earls, 536 U.S. 822 (2002) , was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court upheld the constitutionality of mandatory drug testing by public schools of students participating in extracurricular activities. <SEP>  "Gates" overruled "Aguilar v. Texas", 378 U.S. 108 (1964) and "Spinelli v. United States", 393 U.S. 410 (1969) , thereby replacing the Aguilar–Spinelli test for probable cause with the "totality of the circumstances" test. Illinois v. Gates, 462 U.S. 213 (1983) , is a Fourth Amendment case. <SEP> The Aguilar–Spinelli test was a judicial guideline set down by the U.S. Supreme Court for evaluating the validity of a search warrant or a warrantless arrest based on information provided by a confidential informant or an anonymous tip.  The Supreme Court abandoned the "Aguilar"–"Spinelli" test in "Illinois v. Gates", 462 U.S. 213 (1983), in favor of a rule that evaluates the reliability of the information under the "totality of the circumstances."  However, Alaska, Massachusetts, New York, Tennessee, Vermont, and Washington have retained the "Aguilar–Spinelli" test, based on their own state constitutions.
Question: What award, established by philantropist Peter Thiel, was Dale Stephens an original recipient of?

Dale Jasper Stephens is an American entrepreneur, speaker, and author, best known as one of the original 24 recipients of the Thiel Fellowship.  He is also the founder of UnCollege, which is a social movement that aims to change the notion that going to college is the only path to success. <SEP> The Singularity Summit is the annual conference of the Machine Intelligence Research Institute.  It was started in 2006 at Stanford University by Ray Kurzweil, Eliezer Yudkowsky, and Peter Thiel, and the subsequent summits in 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, and 2011 have been held in San Francisco, San Jose, New York City, San Francisco, and New York, respectively.  Some speakers have included Sebastian Thrun, Rodney Brooks, Barney Pell, Marshall Brain, Justin Rattner, Peter Diamandis, Stephen Wolfram, Gregory Benford, Robin Hanson, Anders Sandberg, Juergen Schmidhuber, Aubrey de Grey, Max Tegmark, and Michael Shermer. <SEP>  He was ranked No. 4 on the "Forbes" Midas List of 2014, with a net worth of $2.2 billion, and No. 246 on the "Forbes" 400 in 2016, with a net worth of $2.7 billion. Peter Andreas Thiel ( ; born October 11, 1967) is an American entrepreneur, venture capitalist, philanthropist, political activist, and author. <SEP> Simon Tian (born February 24, 1994) is a Canadian tech entrepreneur and inventor.  He is the founder and chief executive officer (CEO) of consumer electronics and wearable technology company Neptune.  Born and raised in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Tian dropped out of high school at the age of 18 to start Neptune, and has raised a total of around $2 million from crowdfunding sources alone.  Tian is a 2015 Thiel Fellow, having been awarded $100,000 by PayPal co-founder and venture capitalist Peter Thiel, and was named one of the top 30 Quebecers under 30 by Les Affaires in 2014.
Question: Bronson is a film that follows the life of this prisoner born in what year?

 The film follows the life of notorious prisoner Michael Gordon Peterson, who was renamed Charles Bronson by his fight promoter. Bronson is a 2008 British fictionalized biographical crime film co-written and directed by Nicolas Winding Refn and starring Tom Hardy.  Born into a respectable middle-class family, Peterson would nevertheless become one of the United Kingdom's most dangerous criminals, and is known for having spent almost his entire adult life in solitary confinement.  "Bronson" is narrated with humour, blurring the line between comedy and horror. <SEP> Breakout is a 1975 action film from Columbia Pictures starring Charles Bronson, Jill Ireland, Robert Duvall, John Huston, Sheree North and Randy Quaid.  Bronson and Ireland, the lead actor and actress, were married in real life.  The film is notable for giving the usually serious Bronson a more comedic, lighthearted role. <SEP> Life imprisonment in Sweden ("livstids fängelse" in Swedish) is a sentence of indeterminate length.  Swedish law states that the most severe punishment is "prison for 10 (18 in case of murder) years or life", and so life imprisonment is, in practice, never shorter than ten years.  However, a prisoner may apply to the government for clemency, in practice having their life sentence commuted to a set number of years, which then follows standard Swedish parole regulations.  Clemency can also be granted on humanitarian grounds; however, the number of granted clemencies per year has been low since 1991, usually no more than one or two.  Until 1991 few served more than 15 years, but since then the time spent in prison has increased and in 2007 the usual time was at least 21 years.  Offenders under the age of 21 when the crime was committed can not be sentenced to life imprisonment. <SEP> Charles Arthur "Charlie" Salvador (born Michael Gordon Peterson also known as Charles Bronson; 6 December 1952) is an English criminal who is often referred to in the British press as the "most violent prisoner in Britain" and "Britain's most notorious prisoner".  He has spent periods detained in the Rampton, Broadmoor and Ashworth high-security psychiatric hospitals.
Question: Mark Heyman co-wrote the 2010 film directed by whom?

Mark Heyman (born 1979) is an American screenwriter and film producer who is best known for co-writing "Black Swan" (2010) and "The Skeleton Twins" (2014). <SEP> Paddington is a 2014 comedy film directed by Paul King, written by King and Hamish McColl and produced by David Heyman.  Based on "Paddington Bear" by Michael Bond, the film stars Ben Whishaw as the voice of the title character, along with Hugh Bonneville, Sally Hawkins, Julie Walters, Jim Broadbent, Peter Capaldi and Nicole Kidman in live-action roles.  The film was co-produced by the French company StudioCanal and the British company Heyday Films.  It was released in the United Kingdom on 28 November 2014 and grossed $265.3 million worldwide on a €38.5 million budget.  Among several honours, King was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Adapted Screenplay and both he and Heyman were nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best British Film.  A sequel, "Paddington 2", is scheduled to be released in 2017. <SEP> David Michôd ( ; born 30 November 1972) is an Australian film director, screenwriter, producer and actor.  He is best known for directing the critically acclaimed 2010 film "Animal Kingdom" and the 2014 film "The Rover".  He also co-wrote "Hesher". <SEP>  The screenplay by Mark Heyman, Andres Heinz and John McLaughlin is from a story by Heinz.  It stars Natalie Portman, Vincent Cassel, Mila Kunis, Barbara Hershey and Winona Ryder.  The plot revolves around a production of Tchaikovsky's "Swan Lake" ballet by a prestigious New York City company.  The production requires a ballerina to play the innocent and fragile White Swan, for which the committed dancer Nina (Portman) is a perfect fit, as well as the dark and sensual Black Swan, which are qualities better embodied by the new arrival Lily (Kunis). Black Swan is a 2010 American psychological horror film directed by Darren Aronofsky.  Nina is overwhelmed by a feeling of immense pressure when she finds herself competing for the part, causing her to lose her tenuous grip on reality and descend into a living nightmare.
Question: What senior British Army officer known for his "scorched earth policy" experienced success in the British effort to re-conquer the sudan?

At the Battle of Omdurman (2 September 1898), an army commanded by the British General Sir Herbert Kitchener defeated the army of Abdullah al-Taashi, the successor to the self-proclaimed Mahdi, Muhammad Ahmad.  It was a demonstration of the superiority of a highly disciplined army equipped with modern rifles, machine guns, and artillery over a force twice their size armed with older weapons, and marked the success of British efforts to re-conquer the Sudan.  Kitchener was seeking revenge for the 1885 death of General Gordon.  However, it was not until the 1899 Battle of Umm Diwaykarat that the final Mahdist forces were defeated. <SEP> Plan de Sánchez is a village in the municipality of Rabinal, Baja Verapaz department, Guatemala.  On July 18, 1982, while General Efraín Ríos Montt was President of Guatemala, a massacre was committed there by government forces during which over 200 people were killed.  The massacre was a part of what is known as the scorched earth policy where the Guatemalan army eliminated up to 200,000 Mayan and indigenous peoples in a 36-year civil war until 1996.  In 2000 President Alfonso Portillo admitted that the government was responsible for the massacre in the village. <SEP> Field Marshal Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener, ( ; 24 June 1850 – 5 June 1916) was a senior British Army officer and colonial administrator who won notoriety for his imperial campaigns, most especially his scorched earth policy against the Boers and his establishment of concentration camps during the Second Boer War, and later played a central role in the early part of the First World War. <SEP> The Three Alls Policy (, Japanese: 三光作戦 Sankō Sakusen) was a Japanese scorched earth policy adopted in China during World War II, the three "alls" being "kill all, burn all, loot all" ().  This policy was designed as retaliation against the Chinese for the Communist-led Hundred Regiments Offensive in December 1940.  Contemporary Japanese documents referred to the policy as "The Burn to Ash Strategy" (燼滅作戦 , Jinmetsu Sakusen ) .
Question: Are University of Bridgeport and Rochester Institute of Technology both private universities?

 The University is fully accredited by the New England Association of Schools and Colleges (NEASC-CIHE). The University of Bridgeport, commonly referred to as UB, is a private, independent, non-sectarian, coeducational National university located on the Long Island Sound in the South End neighborhood of Bridgeport, Connecticut.  The University is known for its diverse student population, currently ranking as the tenth most racially diverse national university in the country by "U.S. News & World Report".  The students of the University of Bridgeport are from 80 countries and 46 states.  In 2010, the percentage of students graduating that had participated in an English as a foreign or second language (ESL) program was one of the nation's highest at 5%. <SEP> The Rochester Institute of Technology Kosovo (or formerly known as the American University in Kosovo, RIT/AUK) is a private university located in the Germia district of Pristina, Kosovo.  The university was established in 2002 and is part of the Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT) in Rochester, New York. <SEP> The higher education system in India include both private and public universities.  Public universities are supported by the Government of India and the state governments, while private universities are mostly supported by various bodies and societies.  Universities in India are recognized by the University Grants Commission (UGC), which draws its power from the "University Grants Commission Act, 1956".  In addition, 15 Professional Councils are established, controlling different aspects of accreditation and coordination.  Private universities in India are regulated under the UGC (Establishment and Maintenance of Standards in Private Universities) Regulations, 2003.  Per the UGC act and these regulations, private universities are established by an act of a local legislative assembly and listed by the UGC in the Gazette upon receiving the act.  As confirmed by ruling of the Supreme Court of India, recognition by the UGC is required for the university to operate.  Also per the 2003 regulations, the UGC sends committees to inspect the private universities and publishes their inspection report. <SEP> Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT) is a private doctoral university within the town of Henrietta in the Rochester, New York metropolitan area.
Question: What type of institution does 1951 Oklahoma Sooners football team and Gaylord Family Oklahoma Memorial Stadium have in common?

The Barry Switzer Center, on the University of Oklahoma campus in Norman, Oklahoma, houses football offices, the football locker room, equipment room, the Siegfried Strength and Conditioning Complex, the Freede Sports Medicine Facility and the Touchdown Club Legends Lobby.  The Center is located at the south end of the Gaylord Family Oklahoma Memorial Stadium.  The Barry Switzer Center, dedicated on April 24, 1999, was named after OU’s all-time winningest head football coach.  During Summer 2015 the Switzer Center was demolished as part of the expansion of Gaylord Family Oklahoma Memorial Stadium.  In Barry Switzer’s 16 seasons as the Oklahoma Sooners head football coach, the team won three national championships, 12 Big Eight Conference championships and eight bowl games in 13 appearances. <SEP> The 1984 Oklahoma Sooners football team represented the University of Oklahoma in the college football 1984 NCAA Division I-A season.  Oklahoma Sooners football participated in the former Big Eight Conference at that time and played its home games in Gaylord Family Oklahoma Memorial Stadium where it has played its home games since 1923.  The team posted a 9–2–1 overall record and a 6–1 conference record to earn a share of the Conference title under head coach Barry Switzer who took the helm in 1973.  This was Switzer's ninth conference title in twelve seasons. <SEP> Gaylord Family - Oklahoma Memorial Stadium, also known as Owen Field or The Palace on the Prairie, is the on-campus football facility on the campus of the University of Oklahoma in Norman, Oklahoma, United States, that serves as the home of the Oklahoma Sooners football team.  The official seating capacity of the stadium, following renovations in 2015, is 86,112, making it the 23rd largest stadium in the world, the 15th largest college stadium in the United States and the second largest in the Big 12 Conference, behind Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium at the University of Texas at Austin. <SEP> The 1951 Oklahoma Sooners football team represented the University of Oklahoma during the 1951 college football season.  They played their home games at Oklahoma Memorial Stadium and competed as members of the Big Seven Conference.  They were coached by head coach Bud Wilkinson.
Question: Are the Films Nitrate Kisses and Italy in a Day documentaries?

The George Eastman Museum Motion Picture Collection in Rochester, New York comprises about 28,000 titles, including features, shorts, documentaries, newsreels, and experimental moving images.  The collection is renowned for its holdings of silent films.  The George Eastman Museum owns the Louis B. Mayer Conservation Center, where its holdings of nitrate films are stored.  In 1996, the Eastman Museum founded the L. Jeffrey Selznick School of Film Preservation. <SEP>  According to Hammer, it is an exploration of the repression and marginalization of LGBT people since the First World War.  To celebrate the 30th anniversary of the Teddy Awards, the film has been selected to be shown at the 66th Berlin International Film Festival in February 2016. Nitrate Kisses is a 1992 experimental documentary film directed by Barbara Hammer. <SEP> Vampire Kisses is a series of books written by Ellen Schreiber.  Vampire Kisses is about a 16-year-old girl named Raven Madison who is a goth misfit in her polo-wearing, ordinary, town.  When an old abandoned mansion finally gets new residents, the rumors start to spread.  Everyone in the small town, which Raven refers to as “Dullsville”, believes that the new neighbors are actually secret bloodthirsty vampires.  Even Raven, who has always loved vampires since she was little, believes the rumors.  But one day, she encounters the attractive yet mysterious Alexander Sterling that lives in the mansion, and feels like he is the only person that actually understands her.  The two very quickly fall in love, but still the question remains; are the Sterlings really vampires? <SEP> Italy in a Day - Un giorno da italiani is a 2014 Italian-British documentary film directed by Gabriele Salvatores.  It was part of the Out of Competition section at the 71st Venice International Film Festival.
Question: What aeronautical engineer, USAF test pilot and chief of the U.S. Air Force's Flight Test Engineering Laboratory starred in "The Right Stuff"?

The U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School (USAF TPS) is the Air Force's advanced flight training school that trains experimental test pilots, flight test engineers, and flight test navigators to carry out tests and evaluations of new aerospace weapon systems and also other aircraft of the U.S. Air Force.  This school was established on 9 September 1944 as the Flight Test Training Unit at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (AFB) in Dayton, Ohio.  To take advantage of the uncongested skies, usually superb flying weather, and the lack of developed zones in the event of crashing, the test pilot school was officially moved to its present location at Edwards Air Force Base in the northwestern Mojave Desert of Southern California on 4 February 1951. <SEP> The Right Stuff is a 1983 American epic historical drama film.  It was adapted from Tom Wolfe's best-selling 1979 book of the same name about the Navy, Marine and Air Force test pilots who were involved in aeronautical research at Edwards Air Force Base, California, as well as the Mercury Seven, the seven military pilots who were selected to be the astronauts for Project Mercury, the first manned spaceflight by the United States.  "The Right Stuff" was written and directed by Philip Kaufman and stars Ed Harris, Scott Glenn, Sam Shepard, Fred Ward, Dennis Quaid and Barbara Hershey.  Levon Helm is the narrator in the introduction and elsewhere in the film, as well as having a co-starring role as Air Force test pilot Jack Ridley. <SEP> Kenneth O. "K.O." Chilstrom (born April 20, 1921) is a retired United States Air Force officer, combat veteran, test pilot, and author.  He was the first USAF pilot to fly the XP-86 Sabre, chief of fighter test at Wright Field, commandant of the U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School, and program manager for the XF-108 Rapier.  Chilstrom was a pilot in the first jet air race and delivered the first air mail by jet.  He flew over eighty combat missions in the Italian Campaign of World War II and tested over twenty foreign models of German and Japanese fighters and bombers to evaluate their strengths and weaknesses. <SEP>  He helped develop and test many Cold War era military aircraft but is best known for his work on the Bell X-1, the first aircraft to achieve supersonic flight.  He was highly respected among fellow test pilots, most notably Chuck Yeager, for his engineering skills. Colonel Jackie Lynwood "Jack" Ridley (June 16, 1915 – March 12, 1957) was an aeronautical engineer, USAF test pilot and chief of the U.S. Air Force's Flight Test Engineering Laboratory.
Question: Which magazine was founded first, High Times or Airliners?

Airliners was an American magazine dedicated to the airline industry.  Six issues were circulated each year.  Since the 100th issue (July/August 2006) it was produced by Airliners Publications, LLC.  The title was first published by World Transport Press in 1988.  For a time, the editorial headquarters of the magazine was in Castro Valley, California, although it later was based in Miami. <SEP> The Underground Press Syndicate (UPS), later known as the Alternative Press Syndicate (APS), was a network of countercultural newspapers and magazines formed in mid-1966 by the publishers of five early underground papers: the "East Village Other," the "Los Angeles Free Press," the "Berkeley Barb", "The Paper," and "Fifth Estate."  As it evolved, the Underground Press Syndicate created an Underground Press Service, and later its own magazine.  For many years the Underground Press Syndicate was run by Tom Forcade, who later founded "High Times" magazine. <SEP> The High Times Freedom Fighters was a marijuana legalization group started by "High Times" Editor-in-Chief Steven Hager in 1987.  The group was famous for marching into marijuana rallies dressed in psychedelic Colonial-style outfits while playing drums.  They injected some life into what had become a slowly dying legalization movement.  They forged a new generation of activists, and created a number of events around the country, the largest being the Boston Freedom Rally, which drew 100,000 people to Boston Common in the 1990s.  The Freedom Fighters published a national newsletter for four years edited by Linda Noel (who also founded the Boston Freedom Rally).  The Freedom Fighters also created free kitchens at the summer National Rainbow Family Gatherings, and the winter Regional Gatherings in Ocala, Florida. <SEP> High Times is a New York-based monthly magazine founded in 1974 by Tom Forçade.  The publication advocates the legalization of cannabis.  The magazine has been involved in the marijuana-using counterculture since its inception.
Question: Which director is from a country closer to the United States, Arturo Ripstein or Bahman Ghobadi?

Arturo Ripstein y Rosen (born December 13, 1943) is a Mexican film director. <SEP> Ashkan Kooshanejad, (Persian: اشکان کوشانژاد; born August 13, 1985) also known as Ash Koosha is an Iranian multi-instrumentalist composer, record producer, film director and futurist living in London, United Kingdom.  He mainly plays synthesiser, bass and guitar.  He played the lead role in an Iranian-Cannes jury prize winner docufiction film by director Bahman Ghobadi called "No One Knows About Persian Cats", which follows his band's story scouring the Iranian underground music scene trying to find musicians to play in a festival in the UK. <SEP>  He was born on February 1, 1969 in Baneh, Kurdistan province. Bahman Ghobadi (Persian: بهمن قبادی‎ ‎ ; Kurdish: به‌همه‌ن قوبادی / Behmen Qubadî) is an Iranian film director, producer and writer of Kurdish ethnicity.  Ghobadi belongs to the "new wave" of Iranian cinema. <SEP> The Golden Shell (Spanish: "Concha de Oro" ; Basque: "Urrezko Maskorra" ) is the highest prize given to a competing film at the San Sebastián Film Festival.  It was introduced in 1957.  In 1953 and 1954, the highest prize had been called the Gran Premio.  In 1955 and 1956 it was replaced by the Silver Shell.  Five directors have won the Golden Shell twice: American director Francis Ford Coppola (in 1969 & 1984), Spanish director Manuel Gutiérrez Aragón (in 1982 & 1986), Mexican director Arturo Ripstein (in 1993 & 2000), Iranian director Bahman Ghobadi (in 2004 & 2006) and Spanish director Imanol Uribe (in 1994 & 1996).