winkelee/scaling-down huggingface dataset:
Question: How many people who sent deserters families to concentration camps live in the country that produced Cilada.com?

It's inspired by the sitcom Cilada. Cilada.com is a 2011 Brazilian comedy film directed by José Alvarenga Jr., released on 8 July 2011 in Brazil. <SEP> man's search for meaning is a 1946 book by viktor frankl chronicling his experiences as a prisoner in nazi concentration camps during world war ii, and describing his psychotherapeutic method, which involved identifying a purpose in life to feel positively about, and then immersively imagining that outcome. according to frankl, the way a prisoner imagined the future affected his longevity. the book intends to answer the question "how was everyday life in a concentration camp reflected in the mind of the average prisoner?" part one constitutes frankl's analysis of his experiences in the concentration camps, while part two introduces his ideas of meaning and his theory called logotherapy. <SEP> i am david is a 1963 novel by anne holm. it tells the story of a young boy who, with the help of a prison guard, escapes from a concentration camp in an unnamed eastern european country (according to geographical clues, probably bulgaria) and journeys to denmark. along the way he meets many people who teach him about life outside the camp. <SEP> Many people from Strasbourg were incorporated in the German Army against their will, and were sent to the eastern front, those young men and women were called Malgré-nous. Many tried to escape from the incorporation, join the French Resistance, or desert the Wehrmacht but many couldn't because they were running the risk of having their families sent to work or concentration camps by the Germans. Many of these men, especially those who did not answer the call immediately, were pressured to "volunteer" for service with the SS, often by direct threats on their families. This threat obliged the majority of them to remain in the German army. After the war, the few that survived were often accused of being traitors or collaborationists, because this tough situation was not known in the rest of France, and they had to face the incomprehension of many. In July 1944, 1500 malgré-nous were released from Soviet captivity and sent to Algiers, where they joined the Free French Forces. Nowadays history recognizes the suffering of those people, and museums, public discussions and memorials have been built to commemorate this terrible period of history of this part of Eastern France (Alsace and Moselle). Liberation of Strasbourg took place on 23 November 1944. <SEP> People of German origin are found in various places around the globe. Brazil is the second largest with 5 million people claiming German ancestry. United States is home to approximately 50 million German Americans or one third of the German diaspora, making it the largest centre of German-descended people outside Germany. Other significant centres are Canada, Argentina, South Africa and France each accounting for at least 1 million. While the exact number of German-descended people is difficult to calculate, the available data makes it safe to claim the number is exceeding 100 million people.
Question: How many people who started the great migration of the Slavs live in the country where most of our coffee comes from?

Brazil remains the largest coffee exporting nation, however Vietnam tripled its exports between 1995 and 1999 and became a major producer of robusta seeds. Indonesia is the third - largest coffee exporter overall and the largest producer of washed arabica coffee. Organic Honduran coffee is a rapidly growing emerging commodity owing to the Honduran climate and rich soil. <SEP> today the most of american wolners come from the norwegian name wølner. the most wolners now live in the u.s. and canada, and most of them have ancestors from norway after some of the norwegian wolners migrated to north america around the start of the 20th century. <SEP> According to eastern homeland theory, prior to becoming known to the Roman world, Slavic-speaking tribes were part of the many multi-ethnic confederacies of Eurasia – such as the Sarmatian, Hun and Gothic empires. Perhaps some Slavs migrated with the movement of the Vandals to Iberia and north Africa. The Slavs emerged from obscurity when the westward movement of Germans in the 5th and 6th centuries CE (thought to be in conjunction with the movement of peoples from Siberia and Eastern Europe: Huns, and later Avars and Bulgars) started the great migration of the Slavs, who settled the lands abandoned by Germanic tribes fleeing the Huns and their allies: westward into the country between the Oder and the Elbe-Saale line; southward into Bohemia, Moravia, much of present-day Austria, the Pannonian plain and the Balkans; and northward along the upper Dnieper river. <SEP> the great depression started in the united states after a major fall in stock prices that began around september 4, 1929, and became worldwide news with the stock market crash of october 29, 1929 (known as black tuesday). between 1929 and 1932, worldwide gross domestic product (gdp) fell by an estimated 15%. by comparison, worldwide gdp fell by less than 1% from 2008 to 2009 during the great recession. some economies started to recover by the mid-1930s. however, in many countries, the negative effects of the great depression lasted until the beginning of world war ii. <SEP> Brazil is the second largest with 5 million people claiming German ancestry. People of German origin are found in various places around the globe. United States is home to approximately 50 million German Americans or one third of the German diaspora, making it the largest centre of German-descended people outside Germany. Other significant centres are Canada, Argentina, South Africa and France each accounting for at least 1 million. While the exact number of German-descended people is difficult to calculate, the available data makes it safe to claim the number is exceeding 100 million people.
Question: How many of the people of the ethnicity that comprises the largest number of immigrants at the beginning of the twentieth century live in the country most coffee comes from?

People of German origin are found in various places around the globe. United States is home to approximately 50 million German Americans or one third of the German diaspora, making it the largest centre of German-descended people outside Germany. Other significant centres are Canada, Argentina, South Africa and France each accounting for at least 1 million. Brazil is the second largest with 5 million people claiming German ancestry. While the exact number of German-descended people is difficult to calculate, the available data makes it safe to claim the number is exceeding 100 million people. <SEP> other non-governmental estimations regarding the groups other than the persians and azerbaijanis roughly congruate with the world factbook and the library of congress. however, many scholarly and organisational estimations regarding the number of these two groups differ significantly from the mentioned census. according to many of them, the number of ethnic azerbaijanis in iran comprises between 21.6–30% of the total population, with the majority holding it on 25%.cd in any case, the largest population of azerbaijanis in the world live in iran. <SEP> brazil (portuguese: brasil portuguese pronunciation: (bɾaˈziw)), officially the federative republic of brazil (portuguese: república federativa do brasil, listen (help info)), is the largest country in both south america and latin america. at 8.5 million square kilometers (3.2 million square miles) and with over 208 million people, brazil is the world's fifth - largest country by area and the sixth most populous. the capital is brasília, and the most populated city is são paulo. the federation is composed of the union of the 26 states, the federal district, and the 5,570 municipalities. it is the largest country to have portuguese as an official language and the only one in the americas; it is also one of the most multicultural and ethnically diverse nations, due to over a century of mass immigration from around the world. <SEP> Brazil remains the largest coffee exporting nation, however Vietnam tripled its exports between 1995 and 1999 and became a major producer of robusta seeds. Indonesia is the third - largest coffee exporter overall and the largest producer of washed arabica coffee. Organic Honduran coffee is a rapidly growing emerging commodity owing to the Honduran climate and rich soil. <SEP> By 1900, Germans constituted the largest immigrant group, followed by the Irish, Jews, and Italians. Throughout its history, the city has been a major port of entry for immigrants into the United States; more than 12 million European immigrants were received at Ellis Island between 1892 and 1924. The term "melting pot" was first coined to describe densely populated immigrant neighborhoods on the Lower East Side. In 1940, whites represented 92% of the city's population.
Question: How many people who started the great migration of the Slavs live in the country where Guapo is located?

the great depression was a severe worldwide economic depression that took place mostly during the 1930s, originating in the united states. the timing of the great depression varied across nations; in most countries it started in 1929 and lasted until 1941. it was the longest, deepest, and most widespread depression of the 20th century. in the 21st century, the great depression is commonly used as an example of how far the world's economy can decline. <SEP> around the 6th century, slavs appeared on byzantine borders in great numbers. the byzantine records note that grass would not regrow in places where the slavs had marched through, so great were their numbers. after a military movement even the peloponnese and asia minor were reported to have slavic settlements. this southern movement has traditionally been seen as an invasive expansion. by the end of the 6th century, slavs had settled the eastern alps regions. <SEP> The population was 13,586 (2007) and the total area of the municipality was 517.0 km² (10/10/2002). Guapó is a municipality in central Goiás state, Brazil. <SEP> Brazil is the second largest with 5 million people claiming German ancestry. People of German origin are found in various places around the globe. United States is home to approximately 50 million German Americans or one third of the German diaspora, making it the largest centre of German-descended people outside Germany. Other significant centres are Canada, Argentina, South Africa and France each accounting for at least 1 million. While the exact number of German-descended people is difficult to calculate, the available data makes it safe to claim the number is exceeding 100 million people. <SEP> According to eastern homeland theory, prior to becoming known to the Roman world, Slavic-speaking tribes were part of the many multi-ethnic confederacies of Eurasia – such as the Sarmatian, Hun and Gothic empires. Perhaps some Slavs migrated with the movement of the Vandals to Iberia and north Africa. The Slavs emerged from obscurity when the westward movement of Germans in the 5th and 6th centuries CE (thought to be in conjunction with the movement of peoples from Siberia and Eastern Europe: Huns, and later Avars and Bulgars) started the great migration of the Slavs, who settled the lands abandoned by Germanic tribes fleeing the Huns and their allies: westward into the country between the Oder and the Elbe-Saale line; southward into Bohemia, Moravia, much of present-day Austria, the Pannonian plain and the Balkans; and northward along the upper Dnieper river.
Question: How many of the people whose ethnicity comprised the largest number of immigrants in the beginning of the twentieth century live in the country Guapó is located?

irish australians (irish: gael - astrálaigh) are an ethnic group of australian citizens of irish descent, which include immigrants from and descendants whose ancestry originates from the island of ireland. irish australians have played a considerable part in the history of australia. they came to australia from the late eighteenth century on as convicts or settlers, and contributed largely to australia's development in many different areas. from the late 19th century to the present about a third of the population in australia is irish. <SEP> Guapó is a municipality in central Goiás state, Brazil. The population was 13,586 (2007) and the total area of the municipality was 517.0 km² (10/10/2002). <SEP> lloyd b. greer was an american architect who practiced in valdosta, georgia during the first half of the twentieth century. a number of the many hundreds of buildings that he is credited with designing are listed on the u.s. national register of historic places. <SEP> Throughout its history, the city has been a major port of entry for immigrants into the United States; more than 12 million European immigrants were received at Ellis Island between 1892 and 1924. The term "melting pot" was first coined to describe densely populated immigrant neighborhoods on the Lower East Side. By 1900, Germans constituted the largest immigrant group, followed by the Irish, Jews, and Italians. In 1940, whites represented 92% of the city's population. <SEP> Brazil is the second largest with 5 million people claiming German ancestry. People of German origin are found in various places around the globe. United States is home to approximately 50 million German Americans or one third of the German diaspora, making it the largest centre of German-descended people outside Germany. Other significant centres are Canada, Argentina, South Africa and France each accounting for at least 1 million. While the exact number of German-descended people is difficult to calculate, the available data makes it safe to claim the number is exceeding 100 million people.
Question: How many people who started the great migration of the Slavs live in the country where Vicentinopolis is located?

According to eastern homeland theory, prior to becoming known to the Roman world, Slavic-speaking tribes were part of the many multi-ethnic confederacies of Eurasia – such as the Sarmatian, Hun and Gothic empires. The Slavs emerged from obscurity when the westward movement of Germans in the 5th and 6th centuries CE (thought to be in conjunction with the movement of peoples from Siberia and Eastern Europe: Huns, and later Avars and Bulgars) started the great migration of the Slavs, who settled the lands abandoned by Germanic tribes fleeing the Huns and their allies: westward into the country between the Oder and the Elbe-Saale line; southward into Bohemia, Moravia, much of present-day Austria, the Pannonian plain and the Balkans; and northward along the upper Dnieper river. Perhaps some Slavs migrated with the movement of the Vandals to Iberia and north Africa. <SEP> People of German origin are found in various places around the globe. United States is home to approximately 50 million German Americans or one third of the German diaspora, making it the largest centre of German-descended people outside Germany. Other significant centres are Canada, Argentina, South Africa and France each accounting for at least 1 million. Brazil is the second largest with 5 million people claiming German ancestry. While the exact number of German-descended people is difficult to calculate, the available data makes it safe to claim the number is exceeding 100 million people. <SEP> within a species not all populations may be migratory; this is known as "partial migration". partial migration is very common in the southern continents; in australia, 44% of non-passerine birds and 32% of passerine species are partially migratory. in some species, the population at higher latitudes tends to be migratory and will often winter at lower latitude. the migrating birds bypass the latitudes where other populations may be sedentary, where suitable wintering habitats may already be occupied. this is an example of leap-frog migration. many fully migratory species show leap-frog migration (birds that nest at higher latitudes spend the winter at lower latitudes), and many show the alternative, chain migration, where populations 'slide' more evenly north and south without reversing order. <SEP> The population was 5,919 inhabitants in 2005 in a total area of 737.2 km. Vicentinópolis is a municipality in south Goiás state, Brazil. <SEP> following the russian occupation of afghanistan in 1979, mahboob left the country to move first to pakistan, and then to delhi, india in 1981. along with other afghan expatriates, mahboob started the journal "gahnama" ("irregular journal") to express cultural resistance against both the communist government of afghanistan and the mujahideen. however, facing pressure from the mujahideen amongst the afghan community in india, she migrated once again to move to canada in 1983.
Question: when did the origin country for the term pop music take control of where most australopithecus were found?

According to the website of The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, called Grove Music Online, the term ``pop music ''`` originated in Britain in the mid-1950s as a description for rock and roll and the new youth music styles that it influenced''. The Oxford Dictionary of Music states that while pop's ``earlier meaning meant concerts appealing to a wide audience... since the late 1950s, however, pop has had the special meaning of non-classical mus (ic), usually in the form of songs, performed by such artists as the Beatles, the Rolling Stones, ABBA, etc ''. Grove Music Online also states that``... in the early 1960s, (the term) 'pop music' competed terminologically with beat music (in England), while in the USA its coverage overlapped (as it still does) with that of 'rock and roll'''. <SEP> the oldest hominin sites are in east africa. the earliest known retouched tools were found in lomekwi, kenya, and date back to 3.3 ma, in the late pliocene. they might be the product of australopithecus garhi or paranthropus aethiopicus, the two known hominins contemporary with the tools. <SEP> a cappella [a kapˈpɛlla] (italian for "in the manner of the chapel") music is specifically group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment, or a piece intended to be performed in this way. it contrasts with cantata, which is accompanied singing. the term "a cappella" was originally intended to differentiate between renaissance polyphony and baroque concertato style. in the 19th century a renewed interest in renaissance polyphony coupled with an ignorance of the fact that vocal parts were often doubled by instrumentalists led to the term coming to mean unaccompanied vocal music. the term is also used, albeit rarely, as a synonym for alla breve. <SEP> It is now called ``Little Foot ''and it is probably around three million years old. Then, in 1997, an almost complete Australopithecus skeleton with skull was found in the Sterkfontein caves of Gauteng, South Africa. It was named Australopithecus prometheus which has since been placed within A. africanus. Other fossil remains found in the same cave in 2008 were named Australopithecus sediba, which lived 1.9 million years ago. A. africanus probably evolved into A. sediba, which some scientists think may have evolved into H. erectus, though this is heavily disputed. <SEP> Following the defeat of the Boers in the Anglo - Boer or South African War (1899 -- 1902), the Union of South Africa was created as a dominion of the British Empire in terms of the South Africa Act 1909, which amalgamated the four previously separate British colonies: Cape Colony, Natal Colony, Transvaal Colony, and Orange River Colony. The country became a self - governing nation state within the British Empire, in 1934 following enactment of the Status of the Union Act. The dominion came to an end on 31 May 1961 as the consequence of a 1960 referendum, which legitimised the country becoming a sovereign state named Republic of South Africa. A republican constitution was adopted.
Question: When did the country where Apache helicopters are based in the UK take control of the country where most fossils of Australopithecus have been found?

It is now called ``Little Foot ''and it is probably around three million years old. It was named Australopithecus prometheus which has since been placed within A. africanus. Other fossil remains found in the same cave in 2008 were named Australopithecus sediba, which lived 1.9 million years ago. A. africanus probably evolved into A. sediba, which some scientists think may have evolved into H. erectus, though this is heavily disputed. Then, in 1997, an almost complete Australopithecus skeleton with skull was found in the Sterkfontein caves of Gauteng, South Africa. <SEP> They are located in Britain, Brunei, Canada, and Germany. The Army Air Corps (AAC) is a component of the British Army, first formed in 1942 during the Second World War by grouping the various airborne units of the British Army (which are no longer part of the AAC). Today, there are eight regiments (7 Regular Army and 1 Reserve) of the AAC as well as four Independent Flights and two Independent Squadrons deployed in support of British Army operations across the world. Some AAC squadrons provide the offensive and air assault elements of 16 Air Assault Brigade through Joint Helicopter Command. <SEP> 005 is a 1981 arcade game by sega. sega advertised it as the first of their rasterscan convert-a-game series, designed so that it could be changed into another game in minutes "at a substantial savings". it is one of the first examples of a stealth game. in this "james bond-inspired" game, the player's mission is to take a briefcase of secret documents to a waiting helicopter. the player controls a spy who must avoid the enemies as he makes his way through buildings and warehouses, where he will have to dodge the enemies' flashlights and use boxes as hiding spots. <SEP> the fremouw formation is a triassic-age rock formation in the transantarctic mountains of antarctica. fossils of prehistoric reptiles and amphibians have been found in the formation. fossilized trees have also been found. the formation's beds were deposited along the banks of rivers and on floodplains. during the triassic, the area would have been a riparian forest at 70–75°s latitude. <SEP> The country became a self - governing nation state within the British Empire, in 1934 following enactment of the Status of the Union Act. The dominion came to an end on 31 May 1961 as the consequence of a 1960 referendum, which legitimised the country becoming a sovereign state named Republic of South Africa. A republican constitution was adopted. Following the defeat of the Boers in the Anglo - Boer or South African War (1899 -- 1902), the Union of South Africa was created as a dominion of the British Empire in terms of the South Africa Act 1909, which amalgamated the four previously separate British colonies: Cape Colony, Natal Colony, Transvaal Colony, and Orange River Colony.
Question: In what year did the country home to the Industrial Revolution take control of the location where Nduduzo Makhathini was from?

Demand for Indian commodities was boosted by the need to sustain the troops and the economy during the war, and by the increased availability of raw materials and efficient methods of production. As home to the revolution, Britain experienced higher standards of living. Its spiralling cycle of prosperity, demand and production had a profound influence on overseas trade. The company became the single largest player in the British global market. With the advent of the Industrial Revolution, Britain surged ahead of its European rivals. William Henry Pyne notes in his book The Microcosm of London (1808) that: <SEP> Following the defeat of the Boers in the Anglo - Boer or South African War (1899 -- 1902), the Union of South Africa was created as a dominion of the British Empire in terms of the South Africa Act 1909, which amalgamated the four previously separate British colonies: Cape Colony, Natal Colony, Transvaal Colony, and Orange River Colony. The country became a self - governing nation state within the British Empire, in 1934 following enactment of the Status of the Union Act. The dominion came to an end on 31 May 1961 as the consequence of a 1960 referendum, which legitimised the country becoming a sovereign state named Republic of South Africa. A republican constitution was adopted. <SEP> Coming from a musical family, his love for music began at an early age. Makhathini has performed with Zim Ngqawana, Feya Feku, McCoy Mrubata. Nduduzo completed his Diploma in Jazz Piano in 2005. Nduduzo Makhathini (born 24 September 1982) is a South African jazz musician from Umgungundlovu, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. <SEP> life in great britain during the industrial revolution underwent vast social and economic changes, the result of developments in mechanised working methods, and the introduction of the factory system and the steam engine. the industrial revolution began in great britain about 1760, continuing through to the early 19th century. the lives of large sections of the population of great britain underwent massive changes during the industrial revolution. work became more regimented and disciplined and began to take place outside the home. a movement of the population to the cities from the countryside produced dramatic changes in lifestyle. <SEP> the soviet union entered a series of five - year plans which began in 1928 under the rule of joseph stalin. stalin launched what would be referred as a ``revolution from above ''to improve the soviet union's domestic policy, more importantly centered around rapid industrialization and secondly, the collectivization of agriculture. his desire was to rid the country of all record that capitalism once existed there under the new economic policy.
Question: When did the country that dominated the world at the end of the 1800s take control of the Nduduzo Makhathini's country?

The country became a self - governing nation state within the British Empire, in 1934 following enactment of the Status of the Union Act. The dominion came to an end on 31 May 1961 as the consequence of a 1960 referendum, which legitimised the country becoming a sovereign state named Republic of South Africa. Following the defeat of the Boers in the Anglo - Boer or South African War (1899 -- 1902), the Union of South Africa was created as a dominion of the British Empire in terms of the South Africa Act 1909, which amalgamated the four previously separate British colonies: Cape Colony, Natal Colony, Transvaal Colony, and Orange River Colony. A republican constitution was adopted. <SEP> "jesus, take the wheel" is a song written by brett james, hillary lindsey and gordie sampson, and recorded by american country music artist carrie underwood. it was released in october 2005 as the first single from underwood's debut album "some hearts". the ballad tells of a woman seeking help from jesus in an emergency, ultimately letting jesus take control of her life. <SEP> Nduduzo Makhathini (born 24 September 1982) is a South African jazz musician from Umgungundlovu, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. Coming from a musical family, his love for music began at an early age. Makhathini has performed with Zim Ngqawana, Feya Feku, McCoy Mrubata. Nduduzo completed his Diploma in Jazz Piano in 2005. <SEP> Between 1815 and 1914, a period referred to as Britain's ``imperial century ''by some historians, around 10,000,000 square miles (26,000,000 km) of territory and roughly 400 million people were added to the British Empire. Victory over Napoleon left Britain without any serious international rival, other than Russia in Central Asia. Unchallenged at sea, Britain adopted the role of global policeman, a state of affairs later known as the Pax Britannica, and a foreign policy of`` splendid isolation''. Alongside the formal control it exerted over its own colonies, Britain's dominant position in world trade meant that it effectively controlled the economies of many countries, such as China, Argentina and Siam, which has been described by some historians as an ``Informal Empire ''. <SEP> ``jesus, take the wheel ''is a song written by brett james, hillary lindsey, and gordie sampson, and recorded by american country music artist carrie underwood. it was released in october 2005 as the first single from underwood's debut album some hearts. the ballad tells of a woman seeking help from jesus in an emergency, ultimately letting jesus take control of her life.
Question: When did the country where the term pop music originated take control of the country Nduduzo Makhathini is from?

The country became a self - governing nation state within the British Empire, in 1934 following enactment of the Status of the Union Act. The dominion came to an end on 31 May 1961 as the consequence of a 1960 referendum, which legitimised the country becoming a sovereign state named Republic of South Africa. Following the defeat of the Boers in the Anglo - Boer or South African War (1899 -- 1902), the Union of South Africa was created as a dominion of the British Empire in terms of the South Africa Act 1909, which amalgamated the four previously separate British colonies: Cape Colony, Natal Colony, Transvaal Colony, and Orange River Colony. A republican constitution was adopted. <SEP> "jesus, take the wheel" is a song written by brett james, hillary lindsey and gordie sampson, and recorded by american country music artist carrie underwood. it was released in october 2005 as the first single from underwood's debut album "some hearts". the ballad tells of a woman seeking help from jesus in an emergency, ultimately letting jesus take control of her life. <SEP> The Oxford Dictionary of Music states that while pop's ``earlier meaning meant concerts appealing to a wide audience... since the late 1950s, however, pop has had the special meaning of non-classical mus (ic), usually in the form of songs, performed by such artists as the Beatles, the Rolling Stones, ABBA, etc ''. Grove Music Online also states that``... in the early 1960s, (the term) 'pop music' competed terminologically with beat music (in England), while in the USA its coverage overlapped (as it still does) with that of 'rock and roll'''. According to the website of The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, called Grove Music Online, the term ``pop music ''`` originated in Britain in the mid-1950s as a description for rock and roll and the new youth music styles that it influenced''. <SEP> Coming from a musical family, his love for music began at an early age. Nduduzo Makhathini (born 24 September 1982) is a South African jazz musician from Umgungundlovu, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. Makhathini has performed with Zim Ngqawana, Feya Feku, McCoy Mrubata. Nduduzo completed his Diploma in Jazz Piano in 2005. <SEP> ``jesus, take the wheel ''is a song written by brett james, hillary lindsey, and gordie sampson, and recorded by american country music artist carrie underwood. it was released in october 2005 as the first single from underwood's debut album some hearts. the ballad tells of a woman seeking help from jesus in an emergency, ultimately letting jesus take control of her life.
Question: When was the country ruled by Noriega colonized by the country to which Queen Margaret and her son travelled?

liberia is a country in west africa which was founded, established, colonized, and controlled by citizens of the united states and ex-caribbean slaves as a colony for former african american slaves and their free black descendants. it is one of only two sovereign countries in the world that were started by citizens and ex-caribbean slaves of a political power as a colony for former slaves of the same political power, the other being sierra leone, established by great britain. in 1847, liberia proclaimed its independence from the american colonization society (acs). <SEP> Queen Margaret and her son had fled to north Wales, parts of which were still in Lancastrian hands. They later travelled by sea to Scotland to negotiate for Scottish assistance. Mary of Gueldres, Queen Consort to James II of Scotland, agreed to give Margaret an army on condition that she cede the town of Berwick to Scotland and Mary's daughter be betrothed to Prince Edward. Margaret agreed, although she had no funds to pay her army and could only promise booty from the riches of southern England, as long as no looting took place north of the River Trent. <SEP> In 1695, the Scottish Parliament granted a charter to the Company of Scotland, which established a settlement in 1698 on the isthmus of Panama. Besieged by neighbouring Spanish colonists of New Granada, and afflicted by malaria, the colony was abandoned two years later. The Darien scheme was a financial disaster for Scotland—a quarter of Scottish capital was lost in the enterprise—and ended Scottish hopes of establishing its own overseas empire. The episode also had major political consequences, persuading the governments of both England and Scotland of the merits of a union of countries, rather than just crowns. This occurred in 1707 with the Treaty of Union, establishing the Kingdom of Great Britain. <SEP> Later the U.S. invaded Panama and captured Noriega. The United States accused Manuel Noriega's government in Panama of being a "narcokleptocracy", a corrupt government profiting on illegal drug trade. <SEP> the british colonization of the americas (including colonization by both the english and the scots) began in 1607 in jamestown, virginia, and reached its peak when colonies had been established throughout the americas. the english, and later the british, were among the most important colonizers of the americas, and their american empire came to rival the spanish american colonies in military and economic might.
Question: When did the first restaurant, that the phenomenon of McDonaldization is named after, open in the country where the word Syllabub originated?

1974: On November 13, the first McDonald's in the United Kingdom opens in Woolwich, southeast London. It is the company's 3000th restaurant. <SEP> McWorld is a term referring to the spreading of McDonald's restaurants throughout the world as the result of globalization, and more generally to the effects of international 'McDonaldization' of services and commercialization of goods as an element of globalization as a whole. The name also refers to a 1990s advertising campaign for McDonald's, and to a children's website launched by the firm in 2008. <SEP> lonestar began in 1992 as a band named texassee. this name was derived from the fact that all five members were natives of texas, and met in nashville, tennessee's opryland usa theme park. the original lineup consisted of lead singer/rhythm guitarist richie mcdonald (lubbock), lead guitarist michael britt (fort worth), drummer randy "keech" rainwater (plano), keyboardist/rhythm guitarist dean sams (garland), and bass guitarist/lead and background vocalist john rich (amarillo). before lonestar's foundation, rainwater and britt were members of the group canyon, which recorded two albums for the independent 16th avenue records and charted in the country top 40 with "hot nights" in 1989. soon after foundation, texassee changed its name to lonestar. the band first played at a concert in nashville in 1993 and signed to bna records in 1995. <SEP> co-founders ``beaver ''aplin and don wasek opened the first store, which is still open as of 2017, in lake jackson, texas in 1982. aplin formed the name buc - ee's by combining his childhood nickname and the name of his labrador retriever, buck. <SEP> The word occurs repeatedly, including in Samuel Pepys's diary for 12 July 1663; "Then to Comissioner Petts and had a good Sullybub" and in Thomas Hughes's "Tom Brown at Oxford" of 1861; "We retire to tea or syllabub beneath the shade of some great oak." Syllabub (or solybubbe, sullabub, sullibib, sullybub, sullibub; there is no certain etymology and considerable variation in spelling) has been known in England at least since John Heywood's "Thersytes" of about 1537: "You and I... Muste walke to him and eate a solybubbe."
Question: When did the first establishment that McDonaldization is named after open in the country where Billingley is located

The name also refers to a 1990s advertising campaign for McDonald's, and to a children's website launched by the firm in 2008. McWorld is a term referring to the spreading of McDonald's restaurants throughout the world as the result of globalization, and more generally to the effects of international 'McDonaldization' of services and commercialization of goods as an element of globalization as a whole. <SEP> 1974: On November 13, the first McDonald's in the United Kingdom opens in Woolwich, southeast London. It is the company's 3000th restaurant. <SEP> At the 2001 census it had a population of 177, increasing to 210 at the 2011 Census. Billingley is a village and civil parish in the Metropolitan Borough of Barnsley, in South Yorkshire, England, east of Barnsley. <SEP> 992 swasey is an asteroid, a minor planet orbiting the sun. it was discovered by otto struve in 1922 at the yerkes observatory in williams bay, wisconsin, united states. it is named after ambrose swasey of the warner & swasey company, which built the 82-inch telescope named after struve at mcdonald observatory. <SEP> the hotel galvez is a historic hotel located in galveston, texas, united states that opened in 1911. the building was named the galvez, honoring bernardo de gálvez, 1st viscount of galveston, for whom the city was named. the building was added to the national register of historic places on april 4, 1979.
Question: When did the first company that owns Hamburger university open in the country where Billingley is located?

1974: On November 13, the first McDonald's in the United Kingdom opens in Woolwich, southeast London. It is the company's 3000th restaurant. <SEP> russian state social university (rssu; russian: российский государственный социальный университет, abbreviated as ргсу) was the first public university in the russian federation to offer undergraduate and graduate programmes in the field of social work. it is located in moscow where positioned its three main historically important campuses. russian state social university is recognized as a fully accredited, state-owned, traditional institution. the current rector is natalia pochinok. <SEP> This corporate university was designed to instruct personnel employed by McDonald's in the various aspects of restaurant management. Hamburger University is a training facility of McDonald's, located in Chicago, Illinois. More than 80,000 restaurant managers, mid-managers and owner-operators have graduated from the university. <SEP> some historians concur that a&w, which opened in 1919 and began franchising in 1921, was the first fast food restaurant (e. tavares). thus, the american company white castle is generally credited with opening the second fast - food outlet in wichita, kansas in 1921, selling hamburgers for five cents apiece from its inception and spawning numerous competitors and emulators. what is certain, however, is that white castle made the first significant effort to standardize the food production in, look of, and operation of fast - food hamburger restaurants. william ingram's and walter anderson's white castle system created the first fast food supply chain to provide meat, buns, paper goods, and other supplies to their restaurants, pioneered the concept of the multi-state hamburger restaurant chain, standardized the look and construction of the restaurants themselves, and even developed a construction division that manufactured and built the chain's prefabricated restaurant buildings. the mcdonald's speedee service system and, much later, ray kroc's mcdonald's outlets and hamburger university all built on principles, systems and practices that white castle had already established between 1923 and 1932. <SEP> Billingley is a village and civil parish in the Metropolitan Borough of Barnsley, in South Yorkshire, England, east of Barnsley. At the 2001 census it had a population of 177, increasing to 210 at the 2011 Census.
Question: When did the first establishment McDonaldization is named after open in the country Faceby is located?

The name also refers to a 1990s advertising campaign for McDonald's, and to a children's website launched by the firm in 2008. McWorld is a term referring to the spreading of McDonald's restaurants throughout the world as the result of globalization, and more generally to the effects of international 'McDonaldization' of services and commercialization of goods as an element of globalization as a whole. <SEP> the hotel galvez is a historic hotel located in galveston, texas, united states that opened in 1911. the building was named the galvez, honoring bernardo de gálvez, 1st viscount of galveston, for whom the city was named. the building was added to the national register of historic places on april 4, 1979. <SEP> It is at the north-west corner of the North York Moors and near Stokesley. Faceby is a small village and civil parish in the Hambleton district of North Yorkshire, England. <SEP> the modern hamburger was developed in the united states, but by the end of world war ii, around the middle of the 20th century, it began to spread to other countries as fast food became globalized. the main cause of this gradual globalization was the successes of the large restaurant chains. their desires to expand their businesses and increase their profits resulted in them creating franchises around the world. mcdonald's was among the very first of the burger chains to take the global establishment of its brand seriously, but it was not the only one. wimpy began operating in the united kingdom in 1954, 20 years before mcdonald's began operation in the country, and by 1970 it had expanded to over a thousand restaurants in 23 countries. on august 21, 1971, in zaandam, near amsterdam in the netherlands, ahold opened its first european franchise. in the 1970s, mcdonald's began to expand into europe and australia. in asia, japan saw the establishment of its own fast food chain in 1972: mos burger (モスバーガー, mosu bāgā), an abbreviation of ``mountain, ocean, sun '', which eventually became a direct competitor to mcdonald's. all of its products, however, were variations on the burger adapted to the asian world, including the teriyaki burger, takumi burger, and riceburger. in hong kong, aji ichiban competed with large chains before it spread quickly throughout asia. one of the first hamburger vending machines debuted in amsterdam in 1941 under the brand febo, its name derived from its original place of creation, the ferdinand bolstraat. <SEP> 1974: On November 13, the first McDonald's in the United Kingdom opens in Woolwich, southeast London. It is the company's 3000th restaurant.
Question: When did the first restaurant of the company that owns Hamburger University open in the state where Faceby is located?

some historians concur that a&w, which opened in 1921 and began franchising in 1923, was the first fast food restaurant (e. tavares). thus, the american company white castle is sometimes considered the second fast - food outlet in wichita, kansas in 1921, selling hamburgers for five cents apiece from its inception and spawning numerous competitors and emulators. what is certain, however, is that white castle made the first significant effort to standardize the food production in, look of, and operation of fast - food hamburger restaurants. william ingram's and walter anderson's white castle system created the first fast food supply chain to provide meat, buns, paper goods, and other supplies to their restaurants, pioneered the concept of the multi-state hamburger restaurant chain, standardized the look and construction of the restaurants themselves, and even developed a construction division that manufactured and built the chain's prefabricated restaurant buildings. the mcdonald's speedee service system and, much later, ray kroc's mcdonald's outlets and hamburger university all built on principles, systems and practices that white castle had already established between 1923 and 1932. <SEP> It is at the north-west corner of the North York Moors and near Stokesley. Faceby is a small village and civil parish in the Hambleton district of North Yorkshire, England. <SEP> Hamburger University is a training facility of McDonald's, located in Chicago, Illinois. This corporate university was designed to instruct personnel employed by McDonald's in the various aspects of restaurant management. More than 80,000 restaurant managers, mid-managers and owner-operators have graduated from the university. <SEP> It is the company's 3000th restaurant. 1974: On November 13, the first McDonald's in the United Kingdom opens in Woolwich, southeast London. <SEP> russian state social university (rssu; russian: российский государственный социальный университет, abbreviated as ргсу) was the first public university in the russian federation to offer undergraduate and graduate programmes in the field of social work. it is located in moscow where positioned its three main historically important campuses. russian state social university is recognized as a fully accredited, state-owned, traditional institution. the current rector is natalia pochinok.
Question: When did the first restaurant McDonaldization took its name from open in the country where the surname Smith originated?

It is the company's 3000th restaurant. 1974: On November 13, the first McDonald's in the United Kingdom opens in Woolwich, southeast London. <SEP> mcdonald's is an american fast food company, founded in 1940 as a restaurant operated by richard and maurice mcdonald, in san bernardino, california, united states. they rechristened their business as a hamburger stand. the first time a mcdonald's franchise used the golden arches logo was in 1953 at a location in phoenix, arizona. in 1955, ray kroc, a businessman, joined the company as a franchise agent and proceeded to purchase the chain from the mcdonald brothers. mcdonald's had its original headquarters in oak brook, illinois, but moved its global headquarters to chicago in early 2018. <SEP> chandler, and its variant spellings, is a family name that originated as an occupational surname in medieval england. it applied to a person involved in making or selling candles and similar articles. the earliest records as a surname are of matthew le candeler in london in 1274 and william le chandeler in essex in 1275. in the 1881 census of england, the surname chandler was apparently used by over 0.3% of the population. <SEP> It is the most prevalent surname in the United Kingdom, Australia and the United States, the second most common surname in Canada, and the fifth most common surname in the Republic of Ireland. The surname Smith is particularly prevalent among those of English, Scottish and Irish descent, but is also a common surname among African Americans, which can be attributed to black slaves being forced to adopt the name during slavery and never changing the name upon the end of the era of slavery and after the issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation. 2,376,206 Americans shared the surname Smith during the 2000 census, and more than 500,000 people share it in the United Kingdom. At the turn of the 20th century, the surname was sufficiently prevalent in England to have prompted the statement: ``Common to every village in England, north, south, east and west ''; and sufficiently common on the (European) continent (in various forms) to be`` common in most countries of Europe''. Smith is a surname originating in England. <SEP> McWorld is a term referring to the spreading of McDonald's restaurants throughout the world as the result of globalization, and more generally to the effects of international 'McDonaldization' of services and commercialization of goods as an element of globalization as a whole. The name also refers to a 1990s advertising campaign for McDonald's, and to a children's website launched by the firm in 2008.