Question: Which explorer accurately mapped the coasts of Germany's central interest and the name under which WINEP bundles the countries of northwest Africa?

The Piri Reis map is a world map compiled in 1513 from military intelligence by the Ottoman admiral and cartographer Piri Reis (pronounced (piɾi ɾeis)). Approximately one third of the map survives; it shows the western coasts of Europe and North Africa and the coast of Brazil with reasonable accuracy. Various Atlantic islands, including the Azores and Canary Islands, are depicted, as is the mythical island of Antillia and possibly Japan. <SEP> Not a maritime power, and not a nation-state, as it would eventually become, Germany’s participation in Western imperialism was negligible until the late 19th century. [further explanation needed] After the defeat of Napoleon, who caused the dissolution of that Holy Roman Empire, Prussia and the German states continued to stand aloof from imperialism, preferring to manipulate the European system through the Concert of Europe. The participation of Austria was primarily as a result of Habsburg control of the First Empire, the Spanish throne, and other royal houses. After Prussia unified the other states into the second German Empire after the Franco-German War, its long-time Chancellor, Otto von Bismarck (1862–90), long opposed colonial acquisitions, arguing that the burden of obtaining, maintaining, and defending such possessions would outweigh any potential benefits. He felt that colonies did not pay for themselves, that the German bureaucratic system would not work well in the tropics and the diplomatic disputes over colonies would distract Germany from its central interest, Europe itself. <SEP> the smoking hills are located on the east coast of cape bathurst in canada's northwest territories, next to the arctic ocean and a small group of lakes. the cliffs were named by explorer john franklin, who was the first european to see them on his 1826 expeditions. they contain strata of hydrocarbons (oil shales), which have been burning continuously for centuries. <SEP> The Washington Institute for Near East Policy (WINEP) is a non-profit organization for research and advice on Middle Eastern policy. It regards its target countries as the Middle East but adopts the convention of calling them the Near East to be in conformance with the practices of the State Department. The WINEP bundles the countries of Northwest Africa together under "North Africa." Its views are independent. Details can be found in Policy Focus #65. <SEP> the first country to attempt to circumnavigate africa was portugal, which had, since the early 15th century, begun to explore northern africa under henry the navigator. emboldened by these early successes and eyeing a lucrative monopoly on a possible sea route to the indies the portuguese first crossed the cape of good hope in 1488 on an expedition led by bartolomeu dias. just nine years later in 1497 on the orders of manuel i of portugal, four vessels under the command of navigator vasco da gama rounded the cape of good hope, continuing to the eastern coast of africa to malindi to sail across the indian ocean to calicut, on the malabar coast. in south india -- the capital of the local zamorin rulers. the wealth of the indies was now open for the europeans to explore; the portuguese empire was the earliest european seaborne empire to grow from the spice trade.