winkelee/scaling-down huggingface dataset:
Question: Which was founded first University of Toronto and University of Salento?

Salento is a town and municipality in the north-east of the department of Quindío, Colombia.  The municipality covers an area of 377.67 km.  It was the first settlement in Quindío of the modern era, and the first municipality founded in the department.  The town of Salento itself is located 24 km northeast of the departmental capital Armenia.  In 2005 the municipality of Salento had an estimated population of 7247, of which 3597 lived in the main urban zone. <SEP>  It was founded in 1955 and is organized in 6 Faculties. The University of Salento (Italian: "Università del Salento" , called until 2007 "Università degli Studi di Lecce") is a university located in Lecce, Italy. <SEP>  It was founded by royal charter in 1827 as "King's College", the first institution of higher learning in the colony of Upper Canada.  Originally controlled by the Church of England, the university assumed the present name in 1850 upon becoming a secular institution.  As a collegiate university, it comprises twelve colleges, which differ in character and history, each with substantial autonomy on financial and institutional affairs. The University of Toronto (U of T, UToronto, or Toronto) is a public research university in Toronto, Ontario, Canada on the grounds that surround Queen's Park.  It has two satellite campuses in Scarborough and Mississauga. <SEP> The University of Lleida (Catalan: "Universitat de Lleida, UdL" ; ] , ] ) is a university based in Lleida (Catalonia), Spain.  It was the first university in Catalonia and the whole Crown of Aragon.  It was founded in 1300, using the name of "Estudi General de Lleida" (Studium Generale) in the style of other Universities founded at that time.  (such as the University of Valencia), and closed down through a royal law or "Real Cédula" in 1717 along with the banning of the rest of Catalan Universities and the original political institutions of Catalonia.  Felipe V founded a university in Cervera, a town 70 km.  east of Lleida whose authorities had supported his side in the Spanish War of Succession in 1713, which replaced all Catalan universities.
Question: What movie starring Jane Seymour depicted the response of Danish citizens to Hitler's order regarding Danish Jews?

The Only Way is a 1970 war drama film about the Rescue of the Danish Jews starring Jane Seymour. <SEP> The rescue of the Danish Jews occurred during Nazi Germany's occupation of Denmark during World War II.  On October 1, 1943, Nazi leader Adolf Hitler ordered Danish Jews to be arrested and deported.  Despite great personal risk, the Danish resistance movement, with the assistance of many ordinary Danish citizens, managed to evacuate 7,220 of Denmark's 7,800 Jews, plus 686 non-Jewish spouses, by sea to nearby neutral Sweden. <SEP> Military order 1650 (officially, Order regarding Prevention of Infiltration (Amendment No. 2) (Judea and Samaria) (No. 1650) 5769-2009) is an Israeli military order issued on 13 October 2009.  It is an amendment to Military Order No. 329, "Order Regarding Prevention of Infiltration", and significantly expands the definition of 'infiltrator' such that any person in the West Bank could fall under the scope of the definition, and be subject to arrest or deportation by the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) without judicial review.  The order was signed by Gadi Shamni, Major General and commander of IDF Forces in the Judea and Samaria Area. <SEP> The Jewish community of Denmark constitutes a small minority within Danish society.  The community's population peaked prior to the Holocaust at which time the Danish resistance movement (with the assistance of many ordinary Danish citizens) took part in a collective effort to evacuate about 8,000 Jews and their families from Denmark by sea to nearby neutral Sweden, an act which ensured the safety of almost all the Danish Jews.
Question: What prize did the man who used the ideas of Lars Onsager in 1957 to describe the magnetic phase diagram of type-II superconductors in 2003?

In physics, a quantum vortex represents a quantized flux circulation of some physical quantity.  In most cases quantum vortices are a type of topological defect exhibited in superfluids and superconductors.  Onsager also pointed out that quantum vortices describe the circulation of superfluid and conjectured that their excitations are responsible for superfluid phase transitions.  These ideas of Onsager were further developed by Richard Feynman in 1955 and in 1957 were applied to describe the magnetic phase diagram of type-II superconductors by Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov.  The existence of quantum vortices was predicted by Lars Onsager in 1947 in connection with superfluid helium.  In 1935 Fritz London published a very closely related work on magnetic flux quantization in superconductors.  London's fluxoid can also be viewed as a quantum vortex. <SEP> Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov (Russian: Алексе́й Алексе́евич Абрико́сов ; 25 June 1928 – 29 March 2017) was a Soviet, Russian and American theoretical physicist whose main contributions are in the field of condensed matter physics.  He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2003. <SEP> In superconductivity, an Abrikosov vortex is a vortex of supercurrent in a type-II superconductor theoretically predicted by Alexei Abrikosov in 1957.  The supercurrent circulates around the normal (i.e. non-superconducting) core of the vortex.  The core has a size formula_1 — the superconducting coherence length (parameter of a Ginzburg-Landau theory).  The supercurrents decay on the distance about formula_2 (London penetration depth) from the core.  Note that in type-II superconductors formula_3.  The circulating supercurrents induce magnetic fields with the total flux equal to a single flux quantum formula_4.  Therefore, an Abrikosov vortex is often called a fluxon. <SEP> In quantum optics, an optical phase space is a phase space in which all quantum states of an optical system are described.  Each point in the optical phase space corresponds to a unique state of an "optical system".  For any such system, a plot of the "quadratures" against each other, possibly as functions of time, is called a phase diagram.  If the quadratures are functions of time then the optical phase diagram can show the evolution of a quantum optical system with time.
Question: What nationality does the person with a notable victory over "The Chief" have?

 He has fought in mixed martial arts promotions including Pride Fighting Championships, K-1 and World Victory Road. Kazuyuki Fujita (藤田 和之 , Fujita Kazuyuki ) (born October 16, 1970) is a Japanese professional wrestler, mixed martial artist and a former amateur wrestler.  He competes in mixed martial arts, shoot style wrestling and puroresu, and holds notable victories over Ken Shamrock, Gilbert Yvel, Mark Kerr, Bob Sapp, Karam Gaber, Peter Graham, and James Thompson. <SEP> Captain George Henry Hackwill {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (22 December 1892 – 4 July 1954) was an English World War I flying ace credited with nine aerial victories.  His most notable victory was his role in shooting down a German Gotha G.V, over Essex on the night of 28 January 1918.  This was the first victory ever achieved in combat between aircraft at night. <SEP> Multiple citizenship, also called dual citizenship or multiple nationality or dual nationality, is a person's citizenship status, in which a person is concurrently regarded as a citizen of more than one state under the laws of those states.  There is no international convention which determines the nationality or citizen status of a person, which is defined exclusively by national laws, which vary and can be inconsistent with each other.  Multiple citizenship arises because different countries use different, and not necessarily mutually exclusive, criteria for citizenship.  Colloquial speech refers to people "holding" multiple citizenship but technically each nation makes a claim that this person be considered its national. <SEP> Peter "The Chief" Graham (born 5 August 1975) is an Australian kickboxer, boxer and mixed martial artist.
Question: What is the name of the railway that is a standard gauge preserved railway in Lancashire, in the United Kingdom, terminates adjacent to the level crossing in Preston, Lancashire, and runs along the Preston Docks? 

The Skelmersdale branch was a standard gauge railway (SKE) which connected the Liverpool, Ormskirk and Preston Railway at Ormskirk with Rainford Junction via Skelmersdale.  At Rainford it connected with the Liverpool and Bury Railway and the St. Helens Railway.  It was built by the East Lancashire Railway, which was taken over by the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway shortly afterward.  The steam railmotor which served the line was sometimes known locally as the "Skem Dodger" and other times as the "Skem Jazzer". <SEP> The Ribble Steam Railway is a standard gauge preserved railway in Lancashire, in the United Kingdom.  It was opened to the public on 17 September 2005, running along Preston Docks.  The railway began by housing much of the collection from the previously closed Southport Railway Museum (Steamport), which was based in the old Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway engine shed at Southport (BR shed code 27C). <SEP> The Mombasa–Nairobi Standard Gauge Railway (SGR) is a standard gauge railway that connects the port city of Mombasa to Kenya's capital city Nairobi.  The railway replaces the parallel metre-gauge railway that was originally built by the British in the 19th century.  Under the East African Railway Master Plan, the Mombasa–Nairobi SGR will link up with other standard gauge railways that are being built in East Africa.  Construction is already under way on Phase II of the Kenya SGR, which will extend the railway to the Uganda border by 2021. <SEP>  It is situated on a freight-only branch line from Preston railway station which is used by trains serving Preston Docks.  The Ribble Steam Railway terminates adjacent to the level crossing and it is proposed that a station should be built on the site. Strand Road Crossing is a level crossing in Preston, Lancashire.
Question: Have both Sean S. Cunningham and Paul Scheuring both written, produced and directed?

Sean Sexton Cunningham (born December 1, 1941) is an American film director, producer, and writer. <SEP> Con Express is a 2002 direct-to-video action film with a political edge, starring by Arnold Vosloo, Sean Patrick Flanery, and Tim Thomerson.  It was written by Paul A. Birkett and Terry Cunningham and directed by Cunningham.  The movie uses film footage from Runaway Train (1985) and Cliffhanger (1993). <SEP> "2 On" is a song by American singer-songwriter Tinashe for her debut studio album "Aquarius" (2014).  The song, which features a rap verse from American rapper SchoolBoy Q, was written by Tinashe, Schoolboy Q, Bobby Brackins, DJ Mustard, Jon Redwine, and Marley Waters.  It features an interpolation of the 2005 single "We Be Burnin'" by Jamaican recording artist Sean Paul, resulting in writing credits for Cezar Cunningham, Sean Paul, Steven Marsden, Delano Thomas, Michael Jarrett, and Craig Serani Marsh. <SEP>  His work includes the 2003 film "A Man Apart" and the creation of the television drama "Prison Break", for which he was also credited as an executive producer and head writer. Paul T. Scheuring (born November 20, 1968) is an American screenwriter and director of films and television shows.
Question:  Choi Jae-bong, is a South Korean speed skater who represented his country at the 1998 Winter Olympics, celebrated from 7 to 22 February 1998 in what country?

The 1998 Winter Olympics, officially the , was a winter multi-sport event celebrated from 7 to 22 February 1998 in Nagano, Japan. <SEP> Yeo Sang-Yeop (Hangul: 여상엽, born 22 July 1984) is a South Korean speed skater.  He represented his country at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City.  In Salt Lake City where he finished in 42nd position at the 1500m.  In his second Winter Olympics in 2006, Torino, He competed at 5000m.  He finished 28th at the 5000m. <SEP> Cindy Overland (born in Cambridge, Ontario on February 19, 1976) is a Canadian speed skater who competed for Canada at the 1998 Winter Olympics and at the 2002 Winter Olympics.  She had difficulties in both Olympics due to illness and was forced to retire in 2004 due to stress.  She had had greater success in other competitions.  After retirement she initially focused on education and later coached skating with her father.  She is the sister of fellow Olympians Kevin Overland and Amanda Overland.  Her husband is Derrick Campbell who was on the team that won Gold in Short track speed skating at the 1998 Winter Olympics – Men's 5000 metre relay. <SEP>  He represented his country at the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano.  At that time he was the holder of the junior World record at 1500 m, set in early December 1997 in Thialf, Heerenveen, where he clocked 1:52.25 to break the record.  In Nagano where he finished in 12th position he broke his own world junior record to a new best time of 1:51.47, which was 0.78 of a second faster.  He also finished in 29th position at the 5000 m.  In November 1998 he broke the junior world record over 500 m into a new time of 36.30 in Calgary and a day later he broke his own 1500 m record again, this time 1:49.71 was his new best time.  Due to these records and some other decent results in that same weekend he also broke the junior world record for the small allround classification to 153.689 points.  That same season he won the bronze medal at the World Junior Allround Championships and broke another two world records. Choi Jae-bong (Korean: 최재봉, Hanja: 崔財鳳, born 19 June 1980) is a South Korean speed skater.  He set 1:10.87 at the 1000 m in February 1999 and a total of 143.965 points for the sprint classification again in Calgary.
Question: Which was the first studio album by Garth Brooks' to have a crossover-friendly country-pop sound and feature the song "Wild Horses"?

Garth Brooks is the debut studio album of American country music artist Garth Brooks, released on April 12, 1989 through Capitol Nashville.  It was both a critical and chart success, peaking at #13 on the "Billboard" 200 and at #2 on the Top Country Albums chart.  The album has been certified diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for shipments over ten million copies.  This is Garth's only album to have a neotraditional country sound before developing a more crossover-friendly country-pop sound. <SEP>  The song was not released as a single until November 2000, when it was released with a re-recorded vocal track. "Wild Horses" is a song co-written by Bill Shore and David Wills, recorded by American country music artist Garth Brooks on his breakthrough album "No Fences" in 1990.  It peaked at #7 on the "Billboard" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. <SEP> "Not Counting You" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Garth Brooks.  It was released in January 1990 as the third single from his album "Garth Brooks".  It peaked at #2 in the United States, while it was a number-one in Canada.  According to "The Garth Brooks Story" T.V. special, this was the first song Garth Brooks ever recorded. <SEP> No Fences is the second studio album by the American country music artist Garth Brooks.  It was released on August 27, 1990, and reached #1 on "Billboard's" Top Country Albums chart.  This was Garth's first album to have a crossover-friendly country-pop sound, which was a departure from the neotraditional country sound of his first album.  The album also reached #3 on the "Billboard" 200.  On the latter chart it stayed in the top 40 for 126 weeks.  No Fences remains Brooks' best-selling studio album to date with 17 million copies shipped in the US, and is the album that made him an international star.  It was his first album issued in Europe (the original European release contained the four singles from his U.S. debut as bonus tracks).
Question: What actor in Star Wars: Episode II is an Olivier and Tony award-winning Scottish actor and has appeared in 47 films since 1976? 

Stephen Ashfield (born December 7, 1978) is an Olivier Award-winning Scottish actor.  He was born in Glasgow, Scotland, and since graduating from the Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama and the Royal Academy of Music in London, he has enjoyed a successful stage career.  In 2011 he was made an Associate of the Royal Academy of Music. <SEP> This is the filmography for American actor Billy Dee Williams.  He has appeared in 47 films, and numerous television roles.  He is probably best known for playing Lando Calrissian in two "Star Wars" films, and Harvey Dent in Tim Burton's "Batman".  He is also well-known for roles in "The Last Angry Man", "Carter's Army", "The Out-Of-Towners", "The Final Comedown", "Lady Sings The Blues", "Hit! ", "Mahogany", "Scott Joplin", "Nighthawks", "Fear City", "Terror in the Aisles", "Alien Intruder", "The Visit", "The Ladies Man", "Fanboys", and "The Lego Movie".  He was nominated for a Golden Globe for the TV movie "Brian's Song". <SEP>  It is the second installment of the "Star Wars" prequel trilogy, and stars Ewan McGregor, Natalie Portman, Hayden Christensen, Ian McDiarmid, Samuel L. Jackson, Christopher Lee, Temuera Morrison, Anthony Daniels, Kenny Baker and Frank Oz. Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones is a 2002 American epic space opera film directed by George Lucas and written by Lucas and Jonathan Hales. <SEP>  He has appeared in 47 films since 1976.  Internationally, he is most famous for his role as Palpatine in the "Star Wars" film series. Ian McDiarmid ( ; born 11 August 1944) is an Olivier and Tony award-winning Scottish character actor and director.
Question: Gianni Versace was a friend of the English model who was recruited at what age?

Naomi Elaine Campbell (born 22 May 1970) is an English model and actress.  Recruited at the age of 15, she established herself among the top three most recognisable and in-demand models of the late 1980s and the 1990s, and was one of six models of her generation declared :supermodels by the fashion industry. <SEP> The Villa, Casa Casuarina, (also known as Versace Mansion) is a property previously owned by Italian fashion impresario Gianni Versace at Ocean Drive in the Miami Beach Architectural District, Florida.  Nowadays it operates as a boutique hotel known as The Villa, Casa Casuarina. <SEP> Gianni Versace (] , born Giovanni Maria Versace; 2 December 194615 July 1997) was an Italian fashion designer and founder of Versace, an international fashion house, which produces accessories, fragrances, make-up, and home furnishings as well as clothes.  He also designed costumes for the theatre and films.  Openly gay, Versace and his partner Antonio D'Amico were regulars on the international party scene.  As a friend of Eric Clapton, Diana, Princess of Wales, Naomi Campbell, Duran Duran, Madonna, Elton John, Cher, Sting, and many other celebrities, he was one of the first designers to link fashion to the music world. <SEP> Nadège du Bospertus is a French model and former judge on "Italia's Next Top Model".  She was the muse of Giorgio Armani and Gianni Versace.
Question: Are Corona and Pepsi Max both made by PepsiCo?

 The firm was created by grocers William Thomas and William Evans when they saw a market for soft drinks caused by the growing influence of the temperance movement in South Wales.  The company's first factory was based in Porth, Rhondda, eventually expanding to 87 depots and factories throughout Britain. Corona was a brand of carbonated beverage available in the United Kingdom produced by Thomas & Evans Ltd.  Corona was sold to The Beecham Group in the 1950s and subsequently to Britvic Soft Drinks, but stopped trading as a brand in the late 1990s. <SEP> Pepsi Max (also known as Pepsi Black in some countries) is a low-calorie, sugar-free cola, marketed by PepsiCo as an alternative to their drinks Pepsi and Diet Pepsi.  It is sold primarily in European and Asian markets. <SEP> Pepsi Zero Sugar (known as Diet Pepsi Max until early 2009 and Pepsi Max until August 2016), is a zero-calorie, sugar-free, carbohydrate-free, ginseng-infused cola sweetened with aspartame, marketed by PepsiCo.  It has nearly twice the caffeine of Pepsi's other cola beverages.  Pepsi used airtime during Super Bowl XLII to advertise the beverage; the commercial featured the song "What Is Love" by Haddaway, and showed people sleeping in inappropriate places and at inappropriate times, while bobbing their heads to the rhythm of the song.  Pepsi Max's current slogan in the US is "Maximum taste.  Zero calories."  In July 2010, Pepsi Max had a commercial remake from the 1995 diner commercial.  The commercial includes the song "Why Can't We Be Friends? " by War.  In 2011, Snoop Dogg was featured in an ad campaign around the time of Super Bowl XLV. <SEP> Pepsi Stuff is a major loyalty program launched by PepsiCo, first in North America on March 28, 1996 and then around the world, featuring premiums — such as T-shirts, hats, denim and leather jackets, bags and mountain bikes — that could be purchased with Pepsi Points through the "Pepsi Stuff Catalog" or online.  Customers could acquire points from specially marked Pepsi packages and fountain cups.  Additional points were sold both by Pepsi and by consumers, the latter mainly enabled by eBay.  The Pepsi Stuff promotion ended December 31, 2008 and was relaunched as Pepsi Pass in August 2015.
Question: What is the nationality of "Yen" a Singer-songwriter band?

Singer-songwriters are musicians who write, compose, and perform their own musical material, including lyrics and melodies. <SEP> Enerate are a Sydney Based Acoustic Synth Pop group.  They are based in the Inner West region of Sydney, Australia.  The Band is currently not signed to a commercial label, and have been releasing material under the independent group "Big Big Records".  The group have enjoyed early success, with their pre-release single "Unstoppable" getting airplay across Australian digital and standard radio.  Enerate have played alongside the likes of Samuel Mason, Leroy Lee, and Heavy Yen. <SEP> Montage (モンタージュ , Montāju ) is the concept album by Yen Town Band, fictional music group from the 1996 motion picture "Swallowtail" directed by Shunji Iwai.  The album was actually recorded by a Japanese singer-songwriter Chara who played the starring role in the film.  It was released by the Sony Music Entertainment Japan in September 1996. <SEP>  The name of the band stems from singer/songwriter Yen-Hwei Anetzberger.  "Yen-Hwei" means "Abundant grace" in Mandarin. Yen is a German rock band.
Question: Which magazine was published first, U.S. Lady or The Lady?

Lady Gaga: Queen of Pop is a biography of American singer Lady Gaga.  It was written by Emily Herbert (pen name for Virginia Blackburn) and published in the United Kingdom by John Blake Publishing Ltd. The book was published by Overlook Press in the United States with the title Lady Gaga: Behind the Fame.  Additional versions under the title "Lady Gaga: Queen of Pop" were published in 2010 by Wilkinson Publishing of Melbourne in Australia and by Gardners Books in the United Kingdom.  The book discusses Gaga's early life when she was known as Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta from her birth in 1986, and chronicles her education at Convent of the Sacred Heart in New York, her early visits to nightclubs with her mother to perform at open-mic events, and her brief foray into the Tisch School of the Arts, leading up to her first experience of fame.  Germanotta took the name "Lady Gaga" from the song "Radio Ga Ga" by the rock group Queen; she released her first album "The Fame" in 2008.  "Lady Gaga: Queen of Pop" describes the musician's success in the industry, noting her business collaborations and appearance on the cover of "Rolling Stone" in 2009. <SEP> The Lady is Britain's longest-running weekly women's magazine.  It has been in continuous publication since 1885 and is based in London.  It is particularly notable for its classified advertisements for domestic service and child care; it also has extensive listings of holiday properties. <SEP> U.S. Lady was a magazine aimed at the military wives of men in the U.S. military.  "U.S. Lady" vigorously promoted the role of military wives as the unofficial ambassadors in host nations.  Due to conflicts with his business partners and financial backers, Rockwell sold the magazine the following year, having published only four issues.  It was launched in 1955 by George Lincoln Rockwell as a money-making venture after his discharge from the U.S. Navy Reserve.  "U.S. Lady" magazine was purchased in 1956 by Avandee and John Adams, two civilian journalists. <SEP> The Index of Freedom in the World is an index of civil liberties published in late 2012 by Canada's Fraser Institute, Germany's Liberales Institut, and the U.S. Cato Institute.  The index is the predecessor of the Human Freedom Index, which was published first in 2015.  The coauthors of both indexes are Ian Vásquez and Tanja Porčnik (née Štumberger).
Question: Where did the the musician who played a combination of fiddle and plucked string instruments retire?

Aziz Herawi (b. Herat, Afghanistan, c. 1952) is a noted musician from Afghanistan.  He specializes in the dutar and rubab, both plucked string instruments.  Afghan musician Aziz Herawi was seven years of age the first time he heard the strings of the dutar being plucked.  He talked one of the family servants, who hid it in a blanket, into buying the instrument for him from a shepherd.  The boy would wait until his father was asleep, then sneak into the woods surrounding their home.  Alone, in the dark, he practiced, teaching himself to play the long-necked 12-stringed dutar. <SEP>  It is played on acoustic instruments, generally centering on a combination of fiddle and plucked string instruments (most often the guitar and banjo), and to a lesser degree piano, such as that of Jeff Little. Old-time music is a genre of North American folk music.  It developed along with various North American folk dances, such as square dancing, clogging, and buck dancing. <SEP>  After rising from relative obscurity in 1926 to win a nationwide fiddle contest hosted by automobile magnate Henry Ford, Stephens went on to record several tracks for Columbia Records and made several guest appearances on what would later become the Grand Ole Opry in Nashville before retiring to his farm near Lynchburg, Tennessee.  His style of fiddle playing is believed to resemble a style that was popular before the American Civil War. John L. "Bunt" Stephens (February 2, 1879 — May 25, 1951), known as Uncle Bunt, was an American Old-time fiddle player. <SEP> Plucked string instruments are a subcategory of string instruments that are played by plucking the strings. Plucking is a way of pulling and releasing the string in such a way as to give it an impulse that causes the string to vibrate.  Plucking can be done with either a finger or a plectrum.
Question: What band's drummer assembled the compilation A New Wave of Brith Heavy Metal '79 Revisited?

 The compilation was assembled by Metallica drummer Lars Ulrich and music journalist Geoff Barton and released in 1990 on Caroline Records and later Metal Blade Records. New Wave of British Heavy Metal '79 Revisited is a compilation album of various songs by various artists of the NWOBHM. <SEP> Lars Ulrich {'1': ", '2': ", '3': 'R', '4': "} ( ; ] ; born December 26, 1963) is a Danish musician, songwriter, actor, and record producer.  The son of tennis player Torben Ulrich and grandson of tennis player Einer Ulrich, he also played tennis in his youth and moved to Los Angeles at age 16 to train professionally.  He is best known as the drummer and co-founder of the American heavy metal band Metallica.  However, rather than playing tennis, Ulrich began playing the drums.  After publishing an advertisement in "The Recycler", Ulrich met vocalist/guitarist James Hetfield and formed Metallica. <SEP> Hit and Run – Revisited is the twelfth studio album by the British heavy metal band Girlschool, released in 2011.  The album is a re-recording of the 1981 album "Hit and Run", considered by most critics a classic of the new wave of British heavy metal period and the most commercially successful for Girlschool.  The new album celebrates the 30th anniversary of the release of "Hit and Run" and includes as bonus track a re-recording of "Demolition Boys" and a duet with the German metal singer Doro on a new version of the title track. <SEP> Garage Inc. is a compilation album of cover songs by American heavy metal band Metallica.  It was released on November 23, 1998 through Elektra Records.  Over 2.5 million copies have been sold in the U.S. as certified by the RIAA.  It includes cover songs, B-side covers, and "", which had gone out of print since its original release in 1987.  The title is a combination of "Garage Days Revisited" and their song "Damage, Inc.", from "Master of Puppets", and the album's artwork draws heavily from the 1987 EP.  The album features songs by artists that have influenced Metallica, including many bands from the new wave of British heavy metal movement, hardcore punk bands and popular songs.  As of August 2013, the album has sold more than 6 million copies worldwide.
Question: What anime adaptation of a video game series includes the voice of Cindy Robinson?

Blue Dragon (ブルードラゴン , Burū Doragon ) is an anime adaptation of the "Blue Dragon" video game series. <SEP> Kenji Akabane (赤羽根 健治 , Akabane Kenji , born October 31, 1984) is a Japanese voice actor.  His first starring role was as Kouji Kabuto in "Shin Mazinger Shougeki!  Z Hen" and he also went on to portray the Producer in the anime adaptation of "The Idolmaster" video game series.  In 2014, he provided the voice of Dragon Shiryū in the film "", a role he said was "cool" and "serious". <SEP> TwinBee (ツインビー ) is a video game series composed primarily of cartoon-themed vertical-scrolling shoot-'em-up games produced by Konami that were released primarily in Japan.  The series originated as a coin-operated video game simply titled "TwinBee" in 1985 , which was followed by several home versions and sequels.  The character designs of almost every game in the series since "Detana!!  TwinBee" in 1991 were provided by Japanese animator Shuzilow HA (Jujiro Hamakawa), who also planned and supervised most of the subsequent installments in the "TwinBee" series.  The series also inspired a radio drama adaptation that lasted three seasons in Japan, as well as an anime adaptation. <SEP>  Some of her major roles are Makoto Nanaya and Gii from the "Blazblue" series, Betty Boop in commercials, Queen Beryl in "Sailor Moon", Chitose Nanbu in "Ah My Buddha", Kukaku Shiba, Jinta Hanakari (kid) and Kiyone Kotetsu in "Bleach", Zola in the "Blue Dragon" series, and Amy Rose in the "Sonic the Hedgehog" series. Cindy Robinson is an American voice actress who voices in anime, cartoons and video games.
Question: What passenger trade route is serviced by Edmonds and runs parallel to the Cascade mountain range?

 It is named after the Cascade mountain range that the route parallels. The Amtrak "Cascades" is a passenger train route in the Pacific Northwest, operated by Amtrak in partnership with the U.S. states of Washington and Oregon and the Canadian province of British Columbia. <SEP> The Wakhan Corridor (alternatively Vakhan Corridor, or Wakhan) is the narrow strip of territory in northeastern Afghanistan that extends to China and separates Tajikistan from Pakistan.  The corridor, wedged between the Pamir Mountains to the north and the Karakoram range to the south, is about 350 km long and 13 - wide.  From this high mountain valley the Panj and Pamir Rivers emerge and form the Amu Darya.  A trade route through the valley has been used by travellers going to and from East, South and Central Asia since antiquity.  The term "Wakhan Corridor" can also refer to this constituent valley and the historical trade route through it.  The closure of the Afghan-Chinese border crossing at the Wakhjir Pass, on the east end of the Wakhan Corridor, has left the valley bereft of trade. <SEP> The Bundesstraße 8 (abbr.  B8) is a German federal highway in southwestern Germany of great historical importance.  It has existed since the 9th century, known then as Via Publica, and until recent times was a key trade route linking the towns of Brussels, Duisburg, Cologne, Frankfurt, Würzburg, Nuremberg, Regensburg and Passau.  Today it has been replaced as a main route by the A3 motorway which runs parallel to it. <SEP>  The station is adjacent to the Edmonds-Kingston Ferry docks. Edmonds is a passenger train station in Edmonds, Washington, servicing Amtrak's "Empire Builder" and "Cascades" trains, as well as Sound Transit's Commuter Rail North Line.
Question: Which event began first, the Western Allied invasion of Germany or the Battle of Aachen?

The Siege of Aachen took place in late August 1614, when the Spanish Army of Flanders, led by Ambrogio Spinola, 1st Marquis of the Balbases, marched from Maastricht to Germany to support Wolfgang Wilhelm, Count Palatine of Neuburg, during the War of the Jülich Succession.  Despite its status as a free imperial city, Aachen was under the protection of John Sigismund of Brandenburg, Neunburg's ally, and then rival, in the battle for the United Duchies of Jülich-Cleves-Berg.  In 1611, the Protestant population of Aachen had revolted against the Catholic city council and had seized power.  When the Holy Roman Emperor Rudolf II, observing the Peace of Augsburg, had ordered the previous state to be restored, the Protestants had allied themselves with the Margraviate of Brandenburg.  The unexpected arrival of a Spanish army at the gates of the city, however, caused the Protestants to lose courage and surrender Aachen to Spinola.  A Catholic garrison was installed and a process of re-Catholicization began. <SEP>  The city had been incorporated into the Siegfried Line, the main defensive network on Germany's western border; the Allies had hoped to capture it quickly and advance into the industrialized Ruhr Basin.  Although most of Aachen's civilian population was evacuated before the battle began, much of the city was destroyed and both sides suffered heavy losses. The Battle of Aachen was a major combat action of World War II, fought by American and German forces in and around Aachen, Germany, between 2–21 October 1944.  It was one of the largest urban battles fought by U.S. forces in World War II, and the first city on German soil to be captured by the Allies.  The battle ended with a German surrender, but their tenacious defense significantly disrupted Allied plans for the advance into Germany. <SEP>  The Allied invasion of Germany started with the Western Allies crossing the Rhine River in March 1945 before fanning out and overrunning all of western Germany from the Baltic in the north to Austria in the south before the Germans surrendered on 8 May 1945. The Western Allied invasion of Germany was coordinated by the Western Allies during the final months of hostilities in the European theatre of World War II.  This is known as the "Central Europe Campaign" in United States military histories. <SEP> Aachen Schanz station is a railway station in Aachen, Germany on the railway line Aachen–Mönchengladbach.  The station is located at the western end of the inner city, and is the station with the shortest walking distance to the historic center or the Aachen Cathedral.  Several bus lines to western Aachen stop here, including regional buses to Kelmis and Maastricht and the medical centers of the city (Luisenhospital, Franziskushospital, Alexianerkrankenhaus and Klinikum Aachen).  It is not a bus hub, but some lines stop at the southern end (Jakobstraße) and some at the northern end (Vaalser Straße), depending on the route of the line.
Question: Milner Dam impounds a river that is how long?

The Snake River is a major river of the greater Pacific Northwest in the United States.  At 1078 mi long, it is the largest tributary of the Columbia River, the largest North American river that empties into the Pacific Ocean.  Rising in western Wyoming, the river flows through the Snake River Plain of southern Idaho, then through the rugged Hells Canyon area via northeastern Oregon and the rolling Palouse Hills, to reach its mouth near the Washington Tri-Cities area, where it enters the Columbia.  Its drainage basin encompasses parts of six U.S. states, and its average discharge is over 54000 cuft/s . <SEP> Ocoee Dam Number 2 is a hydroelectric dam on the Ocoee River in Polk County in the U.S. state of Tennessee.  The dam impounds the Ocoee No. 2 Reservoir and is one of four dams on the Toccoa/Ocoee River owned and operated by the Tennessee Valley Authority.  Ocoee Dam No. 2— which was completed in 1913— is perhaps most notable for its design, which utilizes a wooden flume that carries water from the reservoir down the side of the Ocoee Gorge to the dam's powerhouse 5 mi downstream.  Ocoee No. 2 is also situated at the center of one of the nation's top whitewater rafting locations, and the dam's releases help to maintain consistent rapids on the river during warmer months. <SEP>  It impounds the Snake River in a reservoir named Milner Lake. Milner Dam is a rockfill dam near Burley in south central Idaho.  The dam spans the river across two islands, with three embankments. <SEP> Wilbur Dam is a hydroelectric dam on the Watauga River in Carter County, in the U.S. state of Tennessee.  It is one of two dams on the river owned and operated by the Tennessee Valley Authority.  The dam impounds Wilbur Lake, which extends for about 3 mi up the Watauga to the base of Watauga Dam.  Completed by 1912 the Ocoee Dam No. 1 is the only Hydroelectric dam that is older, Wilbur Dam was one of the first major hydroelectric projects in Tennessee, and remains one of the oldest dams in the TVA system.
Question: The Walam Olum document has provoked controversy as to its authenticity since its publication by a  botanist and antiquarian who settled in Ohio in what year?

Post-Scarcity Anarchism is a collection of essays by Murray Bookchin, first published in 1971 by Ramparts Press.  In it, Bookchin outlines the possible form anarchism might take under conditions of post-scarcity.  One of Bookchin's major works, its author's radical thesis provoked controversy for being utopian in its faith in the liberatory potential of technology. <SEP> Eleazer Arthur Paine (September 10, 1815 – December 16, 1882) was an American soldier, author, and lawyer from Ohio who provoked controversy as a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War.  He was charged with brutality toward civilians and violating their civil rights while commanding troops in western Kentucky.  He was replaced in April 1864 from his post, based in Gallatin, Tennessee, where he had directed the occupation's protection of railroads and policing civilians. <SEP>  He traveled as a young man in the United States, ultimately settling in Ohio in 1815, where he made notable contributions to botany, zoology, and the study of prehistoric earthworks in North America.  He also contributed to the study of ancient Mesoamerican linguistics, in addition to work he had already completed in Europe. Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz, as he is known in Europe (October 22, 1783 – September 18, 1840), was a nineteenth-century polymath born near Constantinople in the Ottoman Empire and self-educated in France. <SEP>  The document has provoked controversy as to its authenticity since its publication in the 1830s by botanist and antiquarian Constantine Samuel Rafinesque. The Walam Olum or Walum Olum, usually translated as "Red Record" or "Red Score," is purportedly a historical narrative of the Lenape (Delaware) Native American tribe.  Ethnographic studies in the 1980s and analysis in the 1990s of Rafinesque's manuscripts have produced significant evidence that the document is a hoax.  Some Delaware people, however, believe Rafinesque based his writing on actual Lenape stories.
Question: Who invented the gun where  The Blish Lock was first used?

 In modern engineering terminology, it is an extreme manifestation of what is now called static friction, or "stiction". The Blish Lock is a breech locking mechanism designed by John Bell Blish based upon his observation that under extreme pressures, certain dissimilar metals will resist movement with a force greater than normal friction laws would predict.  His locking mechanism was used first in the Thompson submachine gun. <SEP> Work–life balance is a concept including the proper prioritization between work (career and ambition) and lifestyle (health, pleasure, leisure, family).  The work–leisure dichotomy was invented in the mid-1800s.  Paul Krassner, an American journalist, observed that anthropologists define happiness as having as little separation as possible between your work and your play.  The expression "work–life balance" was first used in the United Kingdom in the late 1970s to describe the balance between an individual's work and personal life.  In the United States, this phrase was first used in 1986. <SEP> John Bell Blish (September 8, 1860 – December 22, 1921) was an American inventor known primarily for developing the Blish lock, used in the Thompson submachine gun.  Blish licensed the patent for his lock to the Auto-Ordnance Corporation in 1915 in return for company stock. <SEP>  It was a common sight in the media of the time, being used by both law enforcement officers and criminals.  The Thompson submachine gun was also known informally as the "Tommy Gun", "Annihilator", "Chicago Typewriter", "Chicago Piano", "Chicago Style", "Chicago Organ Grinder", "Trench Broom", "Trench Sweeper", "The Chopper", and simply "The Thompson". The Thompson submachine gun is an American submachine gun, invented by John T. Thompson in 1918, that became infamous during the Prohibition era.
Question: What type of music did the band play that was both founded in 1994, and had an album released in 1994 and reissued in 2000 through InsideOut Music?

Symphony X is an American progressive metal band from Middletown, New Jersey.  Founded in 1994, the band consists of guitarist Michael Romeo, keyboardist Michael Pinnella, drummer Jason Rullo, lead vocalist Russell Allen and bassist Michael Lepond. <SEP> Voices in My Head is an EP by the band Riverside.  It was originally released in 2005 through Mystic Production, but re-released in 2006 through InsideOut Music.  Lyrically, the EP is not a part of the Reality Dream series even though it was released between Out of Myself and Second Life Syndrome.  The EP contains many acoustic passages on songs like "Us" and "The Time I Was Daydreaming" that do not appear again until the band's third full-length album, Rapid Eye Movement.  A video for the song "Acronym Love" is included on the InsideOut re-release and can be viewed on a computer.  The live version of "I Believe" is played with the standard instruments instead of an acoustic guitar, which is unlike what is heard on Out of Myself. <SEP> Rapid Eye Movement is an album by progressive rock/metal band Riverside.  It is the third and final part of the Reality Dream Trilogy which has thus far included "Out of Myself" and "Second Life Syndrome".  The album is split into two parts: part one consists of tracks one through five while part two consists of tracks six through nine.  It was released internationally by InsideOut Music on October 9, 2007, on September 28 in Europe by InsideOut Music and on September 24 by Mystic Productions in Poland.  A two CD digipack version of the album has been also been released and includes extra tracks and some video footage. <SEP> The Dark Chapter is a studio album by Symphony X guitarist Michael Romeo, released in April 1994 through Zero Corporation (Japan) and reissued in 2000 through InsideOut Music (Europe).
Question: What year was the first model of the sports car which Dave McLellan notably engineered?

Etox is the first Turkish automobile manufacturer dedicated exclusively to building sports cars.  The company is based in Ankara, Turkey.  Its first model, the Etox Zafer, is the second Turkish sports car after the Anadol STC-16, which was produced from 1973 to 1975. <SEP>  The car has been produced through seven generations. The Chevrolet Corvette, known colloquially as the Vette or Chevy Corvette, is a sports car manufactured by Chevrolet.  The first model, a convertible, was introduced at the GM Motorama in 1953 as a concept show car.  Myron Scott is credited for naming the car after the type of small, maneuverable warship called a corvette.  Originally built in Flint, Michigan and St. Louis, Missouri, the Corvette is currently manufactured in Bowling Green, Kentucky and is the official sports car of the Commonwealth of Kentucky. <SEP> Dave McLellan (born in Munising, Michigan) was an automotive engineer for General Motors, most notably the chief engineer for the Corvette from 1975 until his retirement in 1992. <SEP> The Prodrive P2 is a prototype two-seater sports car designed, engineered and built by Prodrive at its Banbury and Warwick sites.  The car is based on the platform of the Subaru R1 kei car and has a modified Subaru Impreza WRX STi engine along with many Prodrive systems originally designed for their World Championship and Sports Car Racing programmes.  The car's styling was done by Peter Stevens, who also designed the McLaren F1.  The car includes rally-inspired anti-lag to prevent turbo lag, as well as an active center and active rear differential that maximizes grip.
Question: The song "Run" by Anothony Smith & Tony Lane and the song "Where Were You (When The World Stopped Turning)" were written to commemorate what events?

 It was the lead single from his tenth studio album, "Drive" (2002), released on Arista Nashville.  The song's lyrics center on reactions to the September 11 attacks in the United States, written in the form of questions. "Where Were You (When the World Stopped Turning)" is a song written by the American singer-songwriter Alan Jackson.  Jackson desired to write a song capturing the emotions surrounding the attacks, but found it difficult to do so. <SEP> "Where the Stars and Stripes and the Eagle Fly" is a song written by Kenny Beard, Casey Beathard, and co-written and recorded by American country music singer Aaron Tippin.  The song reached number 2 on the "Billboard" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart for one week, held from the top spot by Alan Jackson's Where Were You (When the World Stopped Turning).  In addition to this, 'Fly' also peaked at number 20 on the "Billboard" Hot 100, marking Tippin's first and, to date, only entry into the Top 20.  In addition, it was Tippin's last single to reach the Top Ten on the country charts.  The song was released in the wake of the September 11 attacks.  All proceeds from the single went to the Red Cross and its relief efforts for the families of the September 11 attacks.  According to then label president, Larry Goodman, the single raised approximately $250,000. <SEP> "A Little Past Little Rock" is a song written by Brett Jones, Tony Lane and Jess Brown, and recorded by American country music artist Lee Ann Womack.  It was released in June 1998 as the first single from her album "Some Things I Know".  The song peaked at number 2 on the U.S. "Billboard" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart, her third song to just miss the top spot. <SEP>  It was released in September 2001 as the lead single from Strait's album "The Road Less Traveled".  The song reached number 2 on the "Billboard" Hot Country Songs charts in December 2001, where it was blocked by Toby Keith's song, "I Wanna Talk About Me".  It then reached number 2 again in early January 2002, where it was blocked by Alan Jackson's "Where Were You (When the World Stopped Turning)".  It also peaked at number 34 on the "Billboard" Hot 100, making it a minor crossover hit. "Run" is a song written by Anthony Smith and Tony Lane, and recorded by American country music artist George Strait.