Question: Whose presence increased in the country with many contacts with the country of the person able to describe the process of evaporation during Yuan?

due to the 1973 spike in oil prices, the economy of iran was flooded with foreign currency, which caused inflation. by 1974, the economy of iran was experiencing double digit inflation, and despite many large projects to modernize the country, corruption was rampant and caused large amounts of waste. by 1975 and 1976, an economic recession led to increased unemployment, especially among millions of youth who had migrated to the cities of iran looking for construction jobs during the boom years of the early 1970s. by the late 1970s, many of these people opposed the shah's regime and began to organize and join the protests against it. <SEP> This book contained many theories involving early sciences of astronomy and meteorology, and Wang Chong was even the first in Chinese history to mention the use of the square-pallet chain pump, which became common in irrigation and public works in China thereafter. Wang Chong (; 27 – c. 100 AD), courtesy name Zhongren (仲任), was a Chinese meteorologist, astronomer, and philosopher active during the Han Dynasty. He developed a rational, secular, naturalistic and mechanistic account of the world and of human beings and gave a materialistic explanation of the origin of the universe. His main work was the "Lunheng" (論衡, "Critical Essays"). Wang also accurately described the process of the water cycle. <SEP> Han-era astronomers adopted a geocentric model of the universe, theorizing that it was shaped like a sphere surrounding the earth in the center. They assumed that the Sun, Moon, and planets were spherical and not disc-shaped. Although others disagreed with his model, Wang Chong accurately described the water cycle of the evaporation of water into clouds. They also thought that the illumination of the Moon and planets was caused by sunlight, that lunar eclipses occurred when the Earth obstructed sunlight falling onto the Moon, and that a solar eclipse occurred when the Moon obstructed sunlight from reaching the Earth. <SEP> Other historians also assert that these Ming titles were nominal and did not actually confer the authority that the earlier Yuan titles had. The late Turrell V. Wylie, a former professor of the University of Washington, and Li Tieh-tseng argue that the reliability of the heavily censored History of Ming as a credible source on Sino-Tibetan relations is questionable, in the light of modern scholarship. Van Praag writes that the "numerous economically motivated Tibetan missions to the Ming Court are referred to as 'tributary missions' in the Ming Shih." Van Praag writes that these "tributary missions" were simply prompted by China's need for horses from Tibet, since a viable horse market in Mongol lands was closed as a result of incessant conflict. Morris Rossabi also writes that "Tibet, which had extensive contacts with China during the Yuan, scarcely had diplomatic relations with the Ming." <SEP> with the introduction of the blast furnace to europe in the middle ages, pig iron was able to be produced in much higher volumes than wrought iron. because pig iron could be melted, people began to develop processes of reducing the carbon in the liquid pig iron to create steel. puddling was introduced during the 1700s, where molten pig iron was stirred while exposed to the air, to remove the carbon by oxidation. in 1858, sir henry bessemer developed a process of steel-making by blowing hot air through liquid pig iron to reduce the carbon content. the bessemer process was able to produce the first large scale manufacture of steel. once the bessemer process began to gain widespread use, other alloys of steel began to follow. mangalloy, an alloy of steel and manganese exhibiting extreme hardness and toughness, was one of the first alloy steels, and was created by robert hadfield in 1882. <SEP> Kolmaš writes that, as the Mongol presence in Tibet increased, culminating in the conquest of Tibet by a Mongol leader in 1642, the Ming emperors "viewed with apparent unconcern these developments in Tibet." On the mass Mongol conversion to Tibetan Buddhism under Altan Khan, Laird writes that "the Chinese watched these developments with interest, though few Chinese ever became devout Tibetan Buddhists." He adds that the Ming court's lack of concern for Tibet was one of the reasons why the Mongols pounced on the chance to reclaim their old vassal of Tibet and "fill once more the political vacuum in that country."