Question: When did Despo Rutti's country of birth become independent?

a referendum on scottish independence from the united kingdom took place on thursday 18 september 2014. the referendum question, which voters answered with ``yes ''or`` no'', was ``should scotland be an independent country? ''the`` no'' side won, with 2,001,926 (55.3%) voting against independence and 1,617,989 (44.7%) voting in favour. the turnout of 84.6% was the highest recorded for an election or referendum in the united kingdom since the introduction of universal suffrage. <SEP> birth control practices were generally adopted earlier in europe than in the united states. knowlton's book was reprinted in 1877 in england by charles bradlaugh and annie besant, with the goal of challenging britain's obscenity laws. they were arrested (and later acquitted) but the publicity of their trial contributed to the formation, in 1877, of the malthusian league -- the world's first birth control advocacy group -- which sought to limit population growth to avoid thomas malthus's dire predictions of exponential population growth leading to worldwide poverty and famine. by 1930, similar societies had been established in nearly all european countries, and birth control began to find acceptance in most western european countries, except catholic ireland, spain, and france. as the birth control societies spread across europe, so did birth control clinics. the first birth control clinic in the world was established in the netherlands in 1882, run by the netherlands' first female physician, aletta jacobs. the first birth control clinic in england was established in 1921 by marie stopes, in london. <SEP> The capital, Brazzaville, is located on the Congo River, in the south of the country, immediately across from Kinshasa, the capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. <SEP> He released his first recordings in 1999 "Tout c’que j'n'aurais pas" and "Les reufs meurent" and was featured in a number of rap compilations through producer Fabrice Yahiaoui and label Hématome Concept eventually signing with label Soldat Sans Grade Records releasing "Les sirènes du charbon" on 28 November 2006, as a double CD, being an EP of 9 titles and a street album mixed by DJ Boudj. It denounced the social inequalities and a protest for expulsion of immigrants. It was followed by another provocative release, "Convictions suicidaires", his debut studio full album treating taboo subjects of French society including national identity in face of changing immigration trends. This was followed by the mixtape "Discographie parallèle" mixed by DJ Uka and highlighting a number of collaborations. Spending his life in Kinshasa and in Brazzaville, he immigrated to France in 1992. <SEP> However, the Congo remained unstable because tribal leaders had more power than the central government. Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba tried to restore order with the aid of the Soviet Union as part of the Cold War, causing the United States to support a coup led by Colonel Joseph Mobutu in 1965. Mobutu quickly seized complete power of the Congo and renamed the country Zaire. He sought to Africanize the country, changing his own name to Mobutu Sese Seko, and demanded that African citizens change their Western names to traditional African names. Mobutu sought to repress any opposition to his rule, in which he successfully did throughout the 1980s. However, with his regime weakened in the 1990s, Mobutu was forced to agree to a power - sharing government with the opposition party. Mobutu remained the head of state and promised elections within the next two years that never took place. After an uprising by the Congolese people, Belgium surrendered to the independence of the Congo in 1960.