Question: Who was the last person executed in the country whose stringed argent is what the lion is to the nation that the person who funded Chopin's funeral invited him to?

with his mazurkas and polonaises, chopin has been credited with introducing to music a new sense of nationalism. schumann, in his 1836 review of the piano concertos, highlighted the composer's strong feelings for his native poland, writing that "now that the poles are in deep mourning [after the failure of the november 1830 rising], their appeal to us artists is even stronger ... if the mighty autocrat in the north [i.e. nicholas i of russia] could know that in chopin's works, in the simple strains of his mazurkas, there lurks a dangerous enemy, he would place a ban on his music. chopin's works are cannon buried in flowers!" the biography of chopin published in 1863 under the name of franz liszt (but probably written by carolyne zu sayn-wittgenstein) claims that chopin "must be ranked first among the first musicians ... individualizing in themselves the poetic sense of an entire nation." <SEP> The Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom are "Quarterly, I and IV Gules three lions passant guardant in pale Or [for England]; II Or a lion rampant within a double tressure flory-counter-flory Gules [for Scotland]; III Azure a harp Or stringed Argent [for Ireland]". The supporters are the Lion and the Unicorn; the motto is "Dieu et mon droit" (French: "God and my Right"). Surrounding the shield is a representation of a Garter bearing the motto of the Chivalric order of the same name; "Honi soit qui mal y pense". (Old French: "Shame be to him who thinks evil of it"). In Scotland, the monarch uses an alternative form of the arms in which quarters I and IV represent Scotland, II England, and III Ireland. The mottoes are "In Defens" (an abbreviated form of the Scots "In My Defens God Me Defend") and the motto of the Order of the Thistle; "Nemo me impune lacessit". (Latin: "No-one provokes me with impunity"); the supporters are the unicorn and lion, who support both the escutcheon and lances, from which fly the flags of Scotland and England. <SEP> jones comments that "chopin's unique position as a composer, despite the fact that virtually everything he wrote was for the piano, has rarely been questioned." he also notes that chopin was fortunate to arrive in paris in 1831—"the artistic environment, the publishers who were willing to print his music, the wealthy and aristocratic who paid what chopin asked for their lessons"—and these factors, as well as his musical genius, also fuelled his contemporary and later reputation. while his illness and his love-affairs conform to some of the stereotypes of romanticism, the rarity of his public recitals (as opposed to performances at fashionable paris soirées) led arthur hutchings to suggest that "his lack of byronic flamboyance [and] his aristocratic reclusiveness make him exceptional" among his romantic contemporaries, such as liszt and henri herz. <SEP> Michael Manning was an Irish murderer who became the twenty - ninth and last person to be executed in the Republic of Ireland. <SEP> She clearly had a notion of going beyond mere friendship, and Chopin was obliged to make it clear to her that this could not be so. He wrote at this time to Grzymała "My Scottish ladies are kind, but such bores", and responding to a rumour about his involvement, answered that he was "closer to the grave than the nuptial bed." He gave a public concert in Glasgow on 27 September, and another in Edinburgh, at the Hopetoun Rooms on Queen Street (now Erskine House) on 4 October. In late October 1848, while staying at 10 Warriston Crescent in Edinburgh with the Polish physician Adam Łyszczyński, he wrote out his last will and testament—"a kind of disposition to be made of my stuff in the future, if I should drop dead somewhere", he wrote to Grzymała. In late summer he was invited by Jane Stirling to visit Scotland, where he stayed at Calder House near Edinburgh and at Johnstone Castle in Renfrewshire, both owned by members of Stirling's family. <SEP> Chopin's tombstone, featuring the muse of music, Euterpe, weeping over a broken lyre, was designed and sculpted by Clésinger. The expenses of the funeral and monument, amounting to 5,000 francs, were covered by Jane Stirling, who also paid for the return of the composer's sister Ludwika to Warsaw. Ludwika took Chopin's heart in an urn, preserved in alcohol, back to Poland in 1850. [n 9] She also took a collection of two hundred letters from Sand to Chopin; after 1851 these were returned to Sand, who seems to have destroyed them.