Question: What is the teaching hospital and biomedical research facility of the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, who had a doctor with  numerous contributions to neurosurgery in particular and to medicine in general has increased as the field of neurosurgery has evolved?

 It was founded in 1889 using money from a bequest by philanthropist Johns Hopkins. The Johns Hopkins Hospital (JHH) is the teaching hospital and biomedical research facility of the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, located in Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.  Johns Hopkins Hospital and the school of medicine are the founding institutions of modern American medicine and the birthplace of numerous medical traditions including rounds, residents and housestaff.  Many medical specialties were formed at the hospital including neurosurgery, by Harvey Cushing; cardiac surgery by Alfred Blalock; and pediatrics and child psychiatry, by Leo Kanner. <SEP> Walter Edward Dandy (April 6, 1886 – April 19, 1946) was an American neurosurgeon and scientist.  He is considered one of the founding fathers of neurosurgery, along with Victor Horsley (1857–1916) and Harvey Cushing (1869–1939).  Dandy is credited with numerous neurosurgical discoveries and innovations, including the description of the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain, surgical treatment of hydrocephalus, the invention of air ventriculography and pneumoencephalography, the description of brain endoscopy, the establishment of the first intensive care unit (Fox 1984, p. 82), and the first clipping of an intracranial aneurysm, which marked the birth of cerebrovascular neurosurgery.  Dandy was associated with the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Johns Hopkins Hospital his entire medical career.  During his 40-year medical career, Dandy published five books and more than 160 peer-reviewed articles while conducting a full-time, ground-breaking neurosurgical practice in which he performed during his peak years about 1000 operations per year (Sherman et al. 2006).  He was recognized at the time as a remarkably fast and particularly dextrous surgeon.  The importance of his numerous contributions to neurosurgery in particular and to medicine in general has increased as the field of neurosurgery has evolved. <SEP> The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (JHUSOM), located in Baltimore, Maryland, U.S., is the academic medical teaching and research arm of Johns Hopkins University.  Johns Hopkins has consistently been among the nation's top medical schools in the number of research grants awarded by the National Institutes of Health.  Its main teaching hospital, the Johns Hopkins Hospital, is ranked the #3 hospital in the United States by "U.S. News & World Report". <SEP> Massachusetts General Hospital (Mass General or MGH) is the original and largest teaching hospital of Harvard Medical School and a biomedical research facility located in the West End neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts.  It is the third oldest general hospital in the United States and the oldest and largest hospital in New England with 950 beds.  With Brigham and Women's Hospital, it is one of the two founding members of Partners HealthCare, the largest healthcare provider in Massachusetts.  Massachusetts General Hospital conducts the largest hospital-based research program in the world, with an annual research budget of more than $750 million.  It is currently ranked as the #3 hospital in the United States by "U.S. News & World Report".