Question: Who is the mother of the leader under which the empire that laid the foundation for the modern minting of coins, reached its greatest extent?

helmar lerski (18 february 1871, strasbourg - 19 september 1956, zürich) was a photographer who laid some of the important foundations of modern photography. his works are on display in the usa, germany, israel and switzerland. he focused mainly on portraits and the technique of photography with mirrors. <SEP> Although frequently designated the first provincial emperor, and dismissed by later writers such as Cassius Dio (himself of provincial origin) as "an Iberian, and neither an Italian nor even an Italiot", Trajan appears to have hailed on his father's side from the area of Tuder (modern Todi) in Umbria, at the border with Etruria, and on his mother's side from the Gens Marcia, of an Italic family of Sabine origin. Marcus Ulpius Traianus was born on 18 September 53AD in the Roman province of Hispania Baetica (in what is now Andalusia in modern Spain), in the city of Italica (now in the municipal area of Santiponce, in the outskirts of Seville). Trajan's birthplace of Italica was founded as a Roman military colony of "Italian" settlers in 206BC, though it is unknown when the Ulpii arrived there. It is possible, but cannot be substantiated, that Trajan's ancestors married local women and lost their citizenship at some point, but they certainly recovered their status when the city became a municipium with Latin citizenship in the mid-1st century BC. <SEP> The imperial period of Rome lasted approximately 1,500 years compared to the 500 years of the Republican era. The first two centuries of the empire's existence were a period of unprecedented political stability and prosperity known as the Pax Romana, or ``Roman Peace ''. Following Octavian's victory, the size of the empire was dramatically increased. The empire reached its greatest extent under Trajan, the second in this line. After the assassination of Caligula in AD 41, the Senate briefly considered restoring the republic, but the Praetorian Guard proclaimed Claudius emperor instead. Under Claudius, the empire invaded Britannia, its first major expansion since Augustus. After Claudius' successor, Nero, committed suicide in AD 68, the empire suffered a series of brief civil wars, as well as a concurrent major rebellion in Judea, during which four different legionary generals were proclaimed emperor. Vespasian emerged triumphant in AD 69, establishing the Flavian dynasty, before being succeeded by his son Titus, who opened the Colosseum shortly after the eruption of Mount Vesuvius. His short reign was followed by the long reign of his brother Domitian, who was eventually assassinated. The Senate then appointed the first of the Five Good Emperors. <SEP> the maurya empire (322–185 bce) was the first empire to unify india into one state, and was the largest on the indian subcontinent. at its greatest extent, the mauryan empire stretched to the north up to the natural boundaries of the himalayas and to the east into what is now assam. to the west, it reached beyond modern pakistan, to the hindu kush mountains in what is now afghanistan. the empire was established by chandragupta maurya in magadha (in modern bihar) when he overthrew the nanda dynasty. chandragupta's son bindusara succeeded to the throne around 297 bc. by the time he died in c. 272 bc, a large part of the subcontinent was under mauryan suzerainty. however, the region of kalinga (around modern day odisha) remained outside mauryan control, perhaps interfering with their trade with the south. <SEP> The manufacture of coins in the Roman Empire, dating from about the 4th century BC, significantly influenced later development of coin minting in Europe. At about the same time, coins and mints appeared independently in China and spread to Korea and Japan.