Question: Where did the 2008 Olympic torch relay begin in the city where The Spy Who Loved Me author was born?

north korea: the event was held in pyongyang on april 28. it was the first time that the olympic torch has traveled to north korea. a crowd of thousands waving pink paper flowers and small flags with the beijing olympics logo were organized by the authoritarian regime watched the beginning of the relay in pyongyang, some waving chinese flags. the event was presided over by the head of the country's parliament, kim yong nam. the north, an ally of china, has been critical of disruptions to the torch relay elsewhere and has supported beijing in its actions against protests in tibet. kim passed the torch to the first runner pak du ik, who played on north korea's 1966 world cup soccer team, as he began the 19-kilometre route through pyongyang. the relay began from the large sculpted flame of the obelisk of the juche tower, which commemorates the national ideology of juche, or "self-reliance", created by the country's late founding president kim il sung, father of leader kim jong il, who did not attend. <SEP> It is the shortest and most sexually explicit of Fleming's novels, as well as a clear departure from previous Bond novels in that the story is told in the first person by a young Canadian woman, Vivienne Michel. Bond himself does not appear until two-thirds of the way through the book. The Spy Who Loved Me is the ninth novel in Ian Fleming's James Bond series, first published by Jonathan Cape on 16 April 1962. Fleming wrote a prologue to the novel giving Michel credit as a co-author. <SEP> india: due to concerns about pro-tibet protests, the relay through new delhi on april 17 was cut to just 2.3 km (less than 1.5 miles), which was shared amongst 70 runners. it concluded at the india gate. the event was peaceful due to the public not being allowed at the relay. a total of five intended torchbearers -kiran bedi, soha ali khan, sachin tendulkar, bhaichung bhutia and sunil gavaskar- withdrew from the event, citing "personal reasons", or, in bhutia's case, explicitly wishing to "stand by the people of tibet and their struggle" and protest against the prc "crackdown" in tibet. indian national football captain, baichung bhutia refused to take part in the indian leg of the torch relay, citing concerns over tibet. bhutia, who is sikkimese, is the first athlete to refuse to run with the torch. indian film star aamir khan states on his personal blog that the "olympic games do not belong to china" and confirms taking part in the torch relay "with a prayer in his heart for the people of tibet, and ... for all people across the world who are victims of human rights violations". rahul gandhi, son of the congress president sonia gandhi and scion of the nehru-gandhi family, also refused to carry the torch. <SEP> The 48 km (30 mi) leg took a total of seven and a half hours to complete, and attracted protests by pro-Tibetan independence and pro-Human Rights supporters, prompting changes to the planned route and an unscheduled move onto a bus, which was then briefly halted by protestors. Home Secretary Jacqui Smith has officially complained to Beijing Organising Committee about the conduct of the tracksuit-clad Chinese security guards. The Chinese officials, seen manhandling protesters, were described by both the London Mayor Ken Livingstone and Lord Coe, chairman of the London Olympic Committee as "thugs". A Metropolitan police briefing paper revealed that security for the torch relay cost £750,000 and the participation of the Chinese security team had been agreed in advance, despite the Mayor stating, "We did not know beforehand these thugs were from the security services. Had I known so, we would have said no." Great Britain: The torch relay leg held in London, the host city of the 2012 Summer Olympics, on April 6 began at Wembley Stadium, passed through the City of London, and eventually ended at O2 Arena in the eastern part of the city. <SEP> His mother was Evelyn ("" Rose), and his father was Valentine Fleming, the Member of Parliament for Henley from 1910 to 1917. As an infant he briefly lived, with his family, at Braziers Park in Oxfordshire. Fleming was a grandson of the Scottish financier Robert Fleming, who founded the Scottish American Investment Trust and the merchant bank Robert Fleming & Co. Ian Lancaster Fleming was born on 28 May 1908, at 27 Green Street in the wealthy London district of Mayfair.