Question: Susanna Maiolo attacked the pope in a country that has a population of how many people ?

 She knocked the Pope and French cardinal Roger Etchegaray to the ground, and broke the cardinal's leg and hip. Susanna Maiolo (born 1984) is a woman with Italian and Swiss citizenship who rushed towards Pope Benedict XVI twice, most recently at Christmas Eve Midnight Mass, 24 December 2009, inside St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican.  Maiolo's previous attack in December 2008 was intercepted successfully by the Pope's bodyguards. <SEP> Praedecessores nostros was a papal encyclical written by Pope Pius IX on March 25, 1847 to address the crisis of the Great Irish Famine that occurred approximately between 1845 and 1850.  This event is known by many as the 19th century’s greatest natural disaster.  Pope Pius IX was born Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti on May 13, 1792 in Senigallia, Italy.  He studied at the College of Volterra in Tuscany and was ordained as a priest in 1819.  Throughout the span of his life, Pope Pius IX served as the director of the Roman hospice of San Michele, Bishop of Imola, and Archbishop of Spoleto.  He was made a Cardinal (Catholicism) in 1840 and elected Pope in 1846.  Several important events that occurred during the papacy of Pope Pius IX are the unification of Italy, the First Vatican Council, the defining of the dogma of the Immaculate Conception, and 38 papal encyclicals.  "Praedecessores nostros" is one of the more significant papal decrees of the time because it addresses one of the most well known events in history.  The Great Irish Famine was caused by the mysterious fungus, Phytophthora infestans.  The fact that the potato was the main food of over half the population of Ireland caused approximately one million people to die as a consequence. <SEP> Human population change is the difference between the size of the population from the beginning to the end of a certain time period.  In other words, population change refers to change in the number of people during a specific time period.  As a whole,the world population has not been stable; it has increased manifold.  Due to this constant changing population, the subject of demographics, the statistics of how many people there are in a given population, was created.  Demography can also be defined as the study of populations, and the factors that cause the most amount of population growth or decline.  The main measurements of demography include: birth rates, death rates, sex ratios, life expectancy, and migration rates.  All of these measures are found by a series of surveys and censuses conducted over a time period in order to compare how the population is changing.  Other ways to measure population demographics include the use of historical maps, aerial photographs, and census statistics.  One of the reasons why demographers use statistics about population change is because of the social and demographic transformations that the world experiences; significant challenges for the government and businesses will take effect depending on the degree of the population change. <SEP> Vatican City ( ; Italian: "Città del Vaticano" ] ; Latin: "Civitas Vaticana" ), officially Vatican City State or the State of Vatican City (Italian: "Stato della Città del Vaticano" ; Latin: "Status Civitatis Vaticanae" ), is a country located within the city of Rome.  However, formally it is not sovereign, with sovereignty being held by the Holy See.  With an area of approximately 44 hectares (110 acres), and a population of 1,000, it is the smallest country in the world by both area and population.