Question: What year was hazardous working conditions limited to children, in the former colonial holding on the continent that also contains Aruba, that was governed by the country where Modicus plays.

brazilian census data (pnad, 1999) indicate that 2.55 million 10-14 year-olds were illegally holding jobs. they were joined by 3.7 million 15-17 year-olds and about 375,000 5-9 year-olds. due to the raised age restriction of 14, at least half of the recorded young workers had been employed illegally which lead to many not being protect by important labour laws. although substantial time has passed since the time of regulated child labour, there is still a large number of children working illegally in brazil. many children are used by drug cartels to sell and carry drugs, guns, and other illegal substances because of their perception of innocence. this type of work that youth are taking part in is very dangerous due to the physical and psychological implications that come with these jobs. yet despite the hazards that come with working with drug dealers, there has been an increase in this area of employment throughout the country. <SEP> The culture of Aruba, one of the many islands that make up the Caribbean, is an amalgamate of the various cultures that have occupied and lived on the island, including indigenous peoples of South America, descendants of African slaves, and Spanish and Dutch colonialists. <SEP> It plays in Portuguese Futsal First Division. Movimento Dinâmico e Cultural de Sandim Is an amateur futsal team based in Sandim, Portugal. <SEP> systematic use of child labour was common place in the colonies of european powers between 1650 and 1950. in africa, colonial administrators encouraged traditional kin-ordered modes of production, that is hiring a household for work not just the adults. millions of children worked in colonial agricultural plantations, mines and domestic service industries. sophisticated schemes were promulgated where children in these colonies between the ages of 5–14 were hired as an apprentice without pay in exchange for learning a craft. a system of pauper apprenticeship came into practice in the 19th century where the colonial master neither needed the native parents' nor child's approval to assign a child to labour, away from parents, at a distant farm owned by a different colonial master. other schemes included 'earn-and-learn' programs where children would work and thereby learn. britain for example passed a law, the so-called masters and servants act of 1899, followed by tax and pass law, to encourage child labour in colonies particularly in africa. these laws offered the native people the legal ownership to some of the native land in exchange for making labour of wife and children available to colonial government's needs such as in farms and as picannins. <SEP> Although the royal family returned to Portugal in 1821, the interlude led to a growing desire for independence amongst Brazilians. In 1822, the son of Dom João VI, then prince - regent Dom Pedro I, proclaimed the independence of Brazil on September 7, 1822, and was crowned Emperor of the new Empire of Brazil. Unlike the Spanish colonies of South America, Brazil's independence was achieved without significant bloodshed. <SEP> In Brazil, the minimum working age has been identified as fourteen due to continuous constitutional amendments that occurred in 1934, 1937, and 1946. Yet due to a change in the dictatorship by the military in the 80’s, the minimum age restriction was reduced to the age of twelve but was reviewed due to reports of dangerous and hazardous working conditions in 1988. Another set of restrictions was passed in 1998 that restricted the kinds of work youth could partake in, such as work that was considered hazardous like running construction equipment, or certain kinds of factory work. This led to the minimum age being raised once again to 14. Although many steps were taken to reduce the risk and occurrence of child labour, there is still a high number of children and adolescents working under the age of fourteen in Brazil. It was not until recently in the 80’s that it was discovered that almost nine million children in Brazil were working illegally and not partaking in traditional childhood activities that help to develop important life experiences.