Question: When did the country to which the person who gave Chopin a loan for an apartment in September invited Chopin gain its independence from England?

chopin seldom performed publicly in paris. in later years he generally gave a single annual concert at the salle pleyel, a venue that seated three hundred. he played more frequently at salons, but preferred playing at his own paris apartment for small groups of friends. the musicologist arthur hedley has observed that "as a pianist chopin was unique in acquiring a reputation of the highest order on the basis of a minimum of public appearances—few more than thirty in the course of his lifetime." the list of musicians who took part in some of his concerts provides an indication of the richness of parisian artistic life during this period. examples include a concert on 23 march 1833, in which chopin, liszt and hiller performed (on pianos) a concerto by j.s. bach for three keyboards; and, on 3 march 1838, a concert in which chopin, his pupil adolphe gutmann, charles-valentin alkan, and alkan's teacher joseph zimmermann performed alkan's arrangement, for eight hands, of two movements from beethoven's 7th symphony. chopin was also involved in the composition of liszt's hexameron; he wrote the sixth (and final) variation on bellini's theme. chopin's music soon found success with publishers, and in 1833 he contracted with maurice schlesinger, who arranged for it to be published not only in france but, through his family connections, also in germany and england. <SEP> She clearly had a notion of going beyond mere friendship, and Chopin was obliged to make it clear to her that this could not be so. He wrote at this time to Grzymała "My Scottish ladies are kind, but such bores", and responding to a rumour about his involvement, answered that he was "closer to the grave than the nuptial bed." In late summer he was invited by Jane Stirling to visit Scotland, where he stayed at Calder House near Edinburgh and at Johnstone Castle in Renfrewshire, both owned by members of Stirling's family. He gave a public concert in Glasgow on 27 September, and another in Edinburgh, at the Hopetoun Rooms on Queen Street (now Erskine House) on 4 October. In late October 1848, while staying at 10 Warriston Crescent in Edinburgh with the Polish physician Adam Łyszczyński, he wrote out his last will and testament—"a kind of disposition to be made of my stuff in the future, if I should drop dead somewhere", he wrote to Grzymała. <SEP> Rivals John Comyn and Robert the Bruce, grandson of the claimant, were appointed as joint guardians in his place. On 10 February 1306, Bruce participated in the murder of Comyn, at Greyfriars Kirk in Dumfries. Less than seven weeks later, on 25 March, Bruce was crowned as King. However, Edward's forces overran the country after defeating Bruce's small army at the Battle of Methven. Edward I had died in 1307. His heir Edward II moved an army north to break the siege of Stirling Castle and reassert control. Despite the excommunication of Bruce and his followers by Pope Clement V, his support slowly strengthened; and by 1314 with the help of leading nobles such as Sir James Douglas and Thomas Randolph only the castles at Bothwell and Stirling remained under English control. Robert defeated that army at the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314, securing de facto independence. In 1320 the Declaration of Arbroath, a remonstrance to the Pope from the nobles of Scotland, helped convince Pope John XXII to overturn the earlier excommunication and nullify the various acts of submission by Scottish kings to English ones so that Scotland's sovereignty could be recognised by the major European dynasties. The Declaration has also been seen as one of the most important documents in the development of a Scottish national identity. <SEP> chopin's public popularity as a virtuoso began to wane, as did the number of his pupils, and this, together with the political strife and instability of the time, caused him to struggle financially. in february 1848, with the cellist auguste franchomme, he gave his last paris concert, which included three movements of the cello sonata op. 65. <SEP> In June 1849 his sister Ludwika came to Paris with her husband and daughter, and in September, supported by a loan from Jane Stirling, he took an apartment at Place Vendôme 12. With his health further deteriorating, Chopin desired to have a family member with him. After 15 October, when his condition took a marked turn for the worse, only a handful of his closest friends remained with him, although Viardot remarked sardonically that "all the grand Parisian ladies considered it de rigueur to faint in his room."