Question: When was independence gained by the country that joined an alliance with Syria, Saudi Arabia and the country Nasser led in 1961?

In January 1957, the US adopted the Eisenhower Doctrine and pledged to prevent the spread of communism and its perceived agents in the Middle East. Also in January, the elected Jordanian prime minister and Nasser supporter Sulayman al-Nabulsi brought Jordan into a military pact with Egypt, Syria, and Saudi Arabia. Although Nasser was an opponent of communism in the region, his promotion of pan-Arabism was viewed as a threat by pro-Western states in the region. Eisenhower tried to isolate Nasser and reduce his regional influence by attempting to transform King Saud into a counterweight. <SEP> opposition to the union mounted among some of syria's key elements, namely the socioeconomic, political, and military elites. in response to syria's worsening economy, which nasser attributed to its control by the bourgeoisie, in july 1961, nasser decreed socialist measures that nationalized wide-ranging sectors of the syrian economy. he also dismissed sarraj in september to curb the growing political crisis. aburish states that nasser was not fully capable of addressing syrian problems because they were "foreign to him". in egypt, the economic situation was more positive, with a gnp growth of 4.5 percent and a rapid growth of industry. in 1960, nasser nationalized the egyptian press, which had already been cooperating with his government, in order to steer coverage towards the country's socioeconomic issues and galvanize public support for his socialist measures. <SEP> As a developing constitutional monarchy, Jordan has survived the trials and tribulations of Middle Eastern politics. The Jordanian public has experienced limited democracy since gaining independence in 1946 however the population has not suffered as others have under dictatorships imposed by some Arab regimes. The 1952 Constitution provided for citizens of Jordan to form and join political parties. Such rights were suspended in 1967 when a state of emergency was declared and martial law and suspension of Parliament, continuing until it was repealed in 1989. <SEP> Under Tito's leadership, Yugoslavia became a founding member of the Non-Aligned Movement. In 1961, Tito co-founded the movement with Egypt's Gamal Abdel Nasser, India's Jawaharlal Nehru, Indonesia's Sukarno and Ghana's Kwame Nkrumah, in an action called The Initiative of Five (Tito, Nehru, Nasser, Sukarno, Nkrumah), thus establishing strong ties with third world countries. This move did much to improve Yugoslavia's diplomatic position. On 1 September 1961, Josip Broz Tito became the first Secretary-General of the Non-Aligned Movement. <SEP> the war is also known under other names, such as the persian gulf war, first gulf war, gulf war i, kuwait war, first iraq war or iraq war, before the term ``iraq war ''became identified instead with the 2003 iraq war (also referred to in the us as`` operation iraqi freedom''). the iraqi army's occupation of kuwait that began 2 august 1990 was met with international condemnation and brought immediate economic sanctions against iraq by members of the un security council. us president george h.w. bush deployed us forces into saudi arabia, and urged other countries to send their own forces to the scene. an array of nations joined the coalition, the largest military alliance since world war ii. the great majority of the coalition's military forces were from the us, with saudi arabia, the united kingdom and egypt as leading contributors, in that order. kuwait and saudi arabia paid around us $32 billion of the us $60 billion cost.