winkelee/scaling-down huggingface dataset:
Question: Alfred Fleishman began his public relations firm above what retail five-and-dime store?

The F. W. Woolworth Company (often referred to as Woolworth's, or Woolworth) was a retail company and one of the original pioneers of the five-and-dime store.  It was arguably the most successful American and international five-and-dime business, setting trends and creating the modern retail model which stores follow worldwide today. <SEP> Berk Communication and Marketing Group is an American public relations firm.  The company is best known for representing D'usse Cognac, Kevin Durant, Robinson Canó, CC Sabathia, Roc Nation Sports, Tao Group, Tidal and Alex Rodriguez.  Berk was founded in 1999.  Britney Spears hired Berk Communications in 2002 to promote Nyla, Spears' restaurant in Manhattan's Dylan Hotel.  In October 2015, MWW, a public relations firm headquartered in New York, acquired a majority stake in Berk.  The company operates as an independent subsidiary acquisition and has expanded across the United States and Europe.  Ron Berkowitz is the company's President and CEO.  In February 2016, Berk signed with The Statler Hotel & Residences as public relations support through the hotel's relaunch.  When baseball player Alex Rodriguez announced his retirement in 2016, it was also announced that Berk Communications would continue to work with Rodriguez.  Rodriguez first signed with Berk in 2013. <SEP> FleishmanHillard Inc. (formerly, Fleishman–Hillard) is a public relations and marketing agency founded and based in St. Louis, Missouri.  It was acquired by Omnicom Group in 1997, becoming part of the Diversified Agency Services (DAS) division.  The company was founded in 1946 by Alfred Fleishman and Bob Hillard. <SEP> Alfred Fleishman (June 16, 1905 – May 28, 2002), was co-founder, with business partner Robert Hillard, of Fleishman-Hillard, the St. Louis-based public relations firm that began in a rented room above a Woolworth’s store and has grown to become one of the world’s largest public relations agencies.  In the process, Fleishman earned a reputation not only as one of the pioneers of public relations, but also as an author, educator, humanitarian, and champion of the state of Israel.
Question: In what city was American professional basketball player Jason Paul Collins drafted onto the Houston Rockets?

Jason Paul Collins (born December 2, 1978) is an American retired professional basketball player who played 13 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA).  He played college basketball for Stanford University, where he was an All-American in 2000–01, before being drafted 18th overall pick in the 2001 NBA draft by the Houston Rockets.  He went on to play for the New Jersey Nets, Memphis Grizzlies, Minnesota Timberwolves, Atlanta Hawks, Boston Celtics, Washington Wizards and Brooklyn Nets. <SEP> The 2001 NBA draft took place on June 27, 2001 in New York City, New York.  Kwame Brown became the first high school player to be drafted with the first overall pick in the history of the NBA.  The selection of Kwame Brown by the Washington Wizards, over players that have gone on to have more successful NBA careers, has been a source of great criticism, with Brown having been widely labeled one of the worst draft busts in NBA history.  Several international players from this draft, Pau Gasol (Spain), Tony Parker (France) and Mehmet Okur (Turkey), became NBA All-Stars.  This was the last draft the Vancouver Grizzlies participated in while in their original city; their move to Memphis was finalized several weeks later.  This was also the final draft participated by the Charlotte Hornets until 2014; the then-current team moved to New Orleans the following year as the future Pelicans, while an expansion Charlotte team (formerly the Bobcats) was later formed in 2004. <SEP> Emanual Davis (born August 27, 1968) is a retired American professional basketball player.  As a 6'4" (1.96 m) point guard, Davis played college basketball at Delaware State University in Dover, Delaware.  Davis was never drafted by a National Basketball Association team, and played in the Continental Basketball Association, Italian Basketball League, United States Basketball League and the Atlantic Basketball Association in a span of 5 years before making it into the NBA.  Davis played in 6 NBA seasons from 1996–1998 and 1999–2003.  He played for the Houston Rockets, Seattle SuperSonics and Atlanta Hawks. <SEP> Demetrius Jackson Jr. (born September 7, 1994) is an American professional basketball player for the Houston Rockets of the National Basketball Association (NBA), on a two-way contract with the Rockets' NBA G League affiliate, the Rio Grande Valley Vipers.  He played three seasons of college basketball for the University of Notre Dame before being drafted 45th overall by the Celtics in the 2016 NBA draft.
Question: Which year was the older brother of Mark Jung born?

Salabat Jung was born Mir Sa'id Muhammad Khan Siddiqi Bayafandi in 24 November 1718.  He was the 4th Nizam of Hyderabad and the 3rd son of Nizam-ul-Mulk.  He was appointed as "Naib Subahdar" (Deputy Viceroy) to his elder brother, Ghazi ud-Din Khan Feroze Jung II, the Prime Minister of Mughal Empire, with the title "Salabat Jung".  He was invested by Imperial firman, at Aurangabad, Maharashtra, 12 September 1749.  He was granted the titles of "Khan Bahadur" and "Salabat Jung" during his father's lifetime.  During the Second Carnatic War he was a prisoner, first in Nasir Jung's camp and later in Muzaffar Jung's camp.  After Muzaffar Jung (his nephew) was killed by the Afghans on 13 February 1751, Mir Sa'id Muhammad Khan was proclaimed as the new Nizam near Lakkireddipalli Pass, by the French under De Bussy with the title "Asaf-ad-Daulah, Nawab Said Muhammad Khan Bahadur, Salabat Jung,Zafar Jung, Nawab Subahdar of the Deccan".  He was promoted to the title of "Amir-ul-Mamalik" by the Emperor Alamgir II.  He was the ruler of the Hyderabad State in India from 1751 until 1762.  Khilwath palace of Hyderabad was also built by him. <SEP> Andrea Jung (鍾彬嫻, pinyin: Zhōng Bīnxián, jyutping: zung1 ban1 haa4) (born 1958) <SEP> Calvin Jung (born February 17, 1945) is an American actor who is best known for his appearances in the films "The Day After", "RoboCop" and "Lethal Weapon 4".  In the 1970s, Jung appeared in the "Ancient Chinese Secret" commercials for Calgon.  Prior to his career in movies and television, Jung appeared in several plays of note in New York.  He acted in Frank Chin's The Chickencoop Chinaman, the first play written by an Asian American to be produced by a major New York company, The American Place Theatre.  Jung also appeared in Tina Howe's Museum, and David Henry Hwang's FOB.  On Broadway, Jung has appeared in three plays, all in one calendar year.  Jung made his debut in two plays only two days apart; he appeared in the Arthur Miller one-act A Memory of Two Mondays on January 26th, 2976, and appeared in a revival of They Knew What They Wanted by Sidney Howard the following night.  Both productions were running in repertoire on Broadway until March of that year.  By the end of 1976, Jung was back on Broadway in Sly Fox, an adaptation by Larry Gelbart of work by Ben Jonson. <SEP>  He is the younger brother of Andrea Jung. Mark Jung was the founder and former CEO of IGN Entertainment and the networks of Snowball.com, running the company from January 1999 to November 2006.  Previously, he was CEO of Worldtalk Corporation and also served as VP and General Manager at Retix.
Question: Which 1997 American action film starring Steven Seagal was nominated for 4 Golden Raspberry Awards?

 The film also includes cameos by country music performers Randy Travis, Mark Collie, Ed Bruce, Marty Stuart and Travis Tritt, and country-rocker and the Band member Levon Helm. Fire Down Below is a 1997 American action film starring Steven Seagal and directed by Félix Enríquez Alcalá in his directorial debut.  Steven Seagal plays Jack Taggart, an EPA agent who investigates a Kentucky mine and helps locals stand up for their rights.  The film was released in the United States on September 5, 1997. <SEP> Belly of the Beast is a 2003 American action film directed by Hong Kong film director Ching Siu Ting in his American directorial debut, and also produced by and starring Steven Seagal.  The film was released on direct-to-DVD in the United States on December 30, 2003.  Steven Seagal plays Jake Hopper, a former CIA agent on a quest and to find his kidnapped daughter. <SEP> The 26th Golden Raspberry Awards were held on March 4, 2006, at the Ivar Theatre in Hollywood, California, USA, to recognize the worst the film industry had to offer in 2005.  The nominations for the Golden Raspberry Awards were announced on January 30, 2006.  The most nominated film of the year was "Son of the Mask" with eight nominations, followed by "The Dukes of Hazzard" with seven, "Dirty Love" with six, "" and "Bewitched" with five.  The only picture to be assigned multiple penalties was "Dirty Love", with four.  The official GRAF press release announcing the 2005 winners proclaimed "Dirty Love" "...a little stinker that no one but [Razzie voters] even seem to know existed." <SEP> The 18th Golden Raspberry Awards were held on March 22, 1998, at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel to recognize the worst the movie industry had to offer in 1997.  This year, the film with the most nominations was "Batman & Robin" with 11, followed by "" with 8 nominations, "Anaconda" with 6 nominations, "The Postman" with 5 nominations (winning all of the awards it was nominated for), and "Fire Down Below" with 4 nominations.  The film that won the most awards was "The Postman", winning in all five categories the movie was nominated for.  The list of nominees follows, with recipients denoted in bold.
Question: Katarzyna Ostrogska was the grandmother of this King of Poland who died in what year

Queen Savang Vadhana of Siam (Thai: สว่างวัฒนา ; rtgs: "Sawang Watthana" , 10 September 1862 – 17 December 1955) was a consort of King Chulalongkorn or Rama V and his half sister.  Her full name and title was Queen Sri Savarindira (Thai: ศรีสวรินทิรา ; rtgs: "Si Sawarinthira" ) – thus she was not the "Rajini" (queen), she was the highest consort.  After her first grandson's accession to power in 1935, she became known as Somdetch Phra Phan Vassa Ayika Chao (สมเด็จพระพันวัสสาอัยยิกาเจ้า; rtgs: "Somdet Phra Phan Watsa Ai-yika Chao" ; "the Queen Grandmother"), which means The Queen Grandmother because she was the grandmother of both King Ananda Mahidol and King Bhumibol Adulyadej or Rama IX.  All her children died before her death. <SEP> Michael I (Polish: "Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki" , Lithuanian: "Mykolas I Kaributas Višnioveckis" ; May 31, 1640 – November 10, 1673) was the ruler of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth as King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from September 29, 1669 until his death in 1673.  Michael's reign was marked by struggles between the pro-Habsburg and pro-French political factions. <SEP> Princess Katarzyna Ostrogska (1602–1642) was a Polish–Lithuanian noble lady.  She was the grandmother of King of Poland Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki. <SEP> Princess Teofila Ludwika Zasławska (ca. 1650 – November 15, 1709) was a member of the Polish nobility (Polish: "szlachta" ).  She was the daughter of Katarzyna Sobieska, who was the sister of Jan III Sobieski, the king of The Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.  Her father was Władysław Dominik Zasławski, a Polish nobleman of Ruthenian stock of the house of Ostrogski, one of the richest magnates in Poland.
Question: What generic medication is a non-selective betablocker used to treat congestive heart failure?  

Deoxyepinephrine, also known by the common names N-methyldopamine and epinine, is an organic compound and natural product that is structurally related to the important neurotransmitters dopamine and epinephrine.  All three of these compounds also belong to the catecholamine family.  The pharmacology of epinine largely resembles that of its "parent", dopamine.  Epinine has been found in plants, insects and animals.  It is also of significance as the active metabolic breakdown product of the prodrug ibopamine, which has been used to treat congestive heart failure. <SEP> Metolazone is a thiazide-like diuretic marketed under the brand names Zytanix from Zydus Cadila, Zaroxolyn, and Mykrox.  It is primarily used to treat congestive heart failure and high blood pressure.  Metolazone indirectly decreases the amount of water reabsorbed into the bloodstream by the kidney, so that blood volume decreases and urine volume increases.  This lowers blood pressure and prevents excess fluid accumulation in heart failure.  Metolazone is sometimes used together with loop diuretics such as furosemide or bumetanide, but these highly effective combinations can lead to dehydration and electrolyte abnormalities. <SEP> A Beta-3 adrenergic antagonist (β-adrenoceptor antagonist) is an adrenergic antagonist which blocks the Beta-3 adrenergic receptors of cells, with either high specificity (an antagonist which is selective for β adrenoceptors) like L-748,328, L-748,337 and SR 59,230A or non-specifically (an antagonist for β and for β or β adrenoceptors) like the non-selective betablocker Carvedilol. <SEP> Carvedilol, sold under the brand name Coreg among others, is a beta blocker used for treating mild to severe congestive heart failure (CHF), left ventricular dysfunction (LVD) following heart attack in people who are otherwise stable, and for treating high blood pressure.
Question: The Oxus cobra contains what kind of ions for their venom to be active? 

Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a chromatography process that separates ions and polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger.  It works on almost any kind of charged molecule—including large proteins, small nucleotides, and amino acids.  The two types of ion chromatography are anion-exchange and cation-exchange.  It is often used in protein purification, water analysis, and quality control.  The water-soluble and charged molecules such as proteins, amino acids, and peptides bind to moieties which are oppositely charged by forming ionic bonds to the insoluble stationary phase.  The equilibrated stationary phase consists of an ionizable functional group where the targeted molecules of a mixture to be separated and quantified can bind while passing through the column—a cationic stationary phase is used to separate anions and an anionic stationary phase is used to separate cations.  Cation exchange chromatography is used when the desired molecules to separate are cations and anion exchange chromatography is used to separate anions.  The bound molecules then can be eluted and collected using an eluant which contains anions and cations by running higher concentration of ions through the column or changing pH of the column.  One of the primary advantages for the use of ion chromatography is only one interaction involved during the separation as opposed to other separation techniques; therefore, ion chromatography may have higher matrix tolerance.  However, there are also disadvantages involved when performing ion-exchange chromatography, such as constant evolution with the technique which leads to the inconsistency from column to column. <SEP> Ribonuclease V1 (RNase V1) is a ribonuclease enzyme found in the venom of the Caspian cobra ("Naja oxiana").  It cleaves double-stranded RNA in a non-sequence-specific manner, usually requiring a substrate of at least six stacked nucleotides.  Like many ribonucleases, the enzyme requires the presence of magnesium ions for activity. <SEP> The black-necked spitting cobra ("Naja nigricollis") is a species of spitting cobra found mostly in sub-Saharan Africa.  They are moderately sized snakes that can grow to a length of 1.2 to in length.  Their coloration and markings can vary considerably.  They prey primarily on small rodents.  They possess medically significant venom, although the mortality rate for untreated bites on humans is relatively low (~5–10%, in endemic regions under 1%).  Like other spitting cobras, they can eject venom from their fangs when threatened (one drop over 7 m and more in perfect accuracy).  The neurotoxic venom irritates the skin, causing blisters and inflammation, and can cause permanent blindness if the venom makes contact with the eyes and is not washed off. <SEP> The Caspian cobra ("Naja oxiana"), also called the Central Asian cobra, Oxus cobra or Russian cobra, a member of the family Elapidae found in Central Asia.
Question: William John Christopher Vassall, was a British civil servant who spied for the which government nation, under pressure of blackmail from 1954 until his arrest in 1962, the Vassall scandal greatly embarrassed the Macmillan government, but was soon eclipsed by the more dramatic Profumo affair, was a British political scandal that originated with a brief sexual relationship in 1961 between John Profumo, the Secretary of State for War in Harold Macmillan's government, and Christine Keeler, a 19-year-old would-be model?

The Vassall Tribunal was a public inquiry undertaken in 1963 by the British government in the wake of the John Vassall affair.  Vassall, a civil servant working in the Admiralty, had been revealed the previous year to be a Soviet spy, and considerable criticism had been leveled at the security arrangements that were in place.  The tribunal was established to investigate these claims, and determine whether any blame could be laid on officials or ministers. <SEP>  Although operating only at a junior level, he was able to provide details of naval technology which were crucial to the modernising of the Soviet Navy.  He was sentenced to eighteen years' jail, and was released in 1972 after ten.  The Vassall scandal greatly embarrassed the Macmillan government, but was soon eclipsed by the more dramatic Profumo affair. William John Christopher Vassall (20 September 1924 – 18 November 1996) was a British civil servant who spied for the Soviet Union under pressure of blackmail from 1954 until his arrest in 1962. <SEP>  In March 1963, Profumo denied any impropriety in a personal statement to the House of Commons, but was forced to admit the truth a few weeks later.  He resigned from the government and from Parliament. The Profumo affair was a British political scandal that originated with a brief sexual relationship in 1961 between John Profumo, the Secretary of State for War in Harold Macmillan's government, and Christine Keeler, a 19-year-old would-be model.  The repercussions of the affair severely damaged Macmillan's self-confidence, and he resigned as prime minister on health grounds in October 1963.  His Conservative Party was marked by the scandal, which may have contributed to its defeat by Labour in the 1964 general election. <SEP> John Dennis Profumo, CBE ( ; 30 January 1915 – 9 March 2006) was a British politician whose career ended in 1963 after a sexual relationship with the 19-year-old model Christine Keeler in 1961.  The scandal, which became known as the Profumo affair, led to his resignation from the Conservative government of Harold Macmillan.
Question: Who was the former Brithish soldier who was  first leader of the Ulster Volunteer Force which initiated the 2011 Northern Ireland riots?

The Glenanne gang or Glenanne group was a secret informal alliance of Ulster loyalists, mostly from Northern Ireland, who carried out shooting and bombing attacks against Catholics and nationalists during the Troubles, beginning in the 1970s.  Most of its attacks took place in the "murder triangle" area of counties Armagh and Tyrone.  It also launched some attacks elsewhere in Northern Ireland and in the Republic of Ireland.  The gang included British soldiers from the Ulster Defence Regiment (UDR), police officers from the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC), and members of the Mid-Ulster Brigade of the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF).  Twenty-five British soldiers and police officers were named as purported members of the gang.  Details about the group have come from many sources, including the affidavit of former member and RUC officer John Weir; statements by other former members; police, army and court documents; and ballistics evidence linking the same weapons to various attacks.  Since 2003, the group's activities have also been investigated by the 2006 "Cassel Report", and three reports commissioned by Irish Supreme Court Justice Henry Barron, known as the "Barron Reports".  A book focusing on the group's activities, "Lethal Allies: British Collusion in Ireland", was published in 2013.  It drew on all the aforementioned sources, as well as Historical Enquiries Team investigations. <SEP> Clifford Peeples (sometimes spelled Clifford Peoples) (born c.1970) is a self-styled pastor in Northern Ireland who has been associated with Ulster loyalist activity.  Peeples has been a member of the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF), the Loyalist Volunteer Force (LVF) prisoners' spokesman and leader of the Orange Volunteers. <SEP> The 2011 Northern Ireland riots were a series of riots between 20 June 2011 and 16 July 2011, starting originally in Belfast, before spreading to other parts of Northern Ireland.  They were initiated by the Ulster Volunteer Force. <SEP> The Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) is an Ulster loyalist paramilitary group in Northern Ireland.  It emerged in 1966 and is named after the original UVF of the early 20th century.  Its first leader was Gusty Spence, a former British soldier.  The group undertook an armed campaign of almost thirty years during the Troubles.  It declared a ceasefire in 1994 and officially ended its campaign in 2007, although some of its members have continued to engage in violence and criminal activities.  The group is classified as a terrorist organisation by the United Kingdom, Republic of Ireland and United States.
Question: To which alternative country music group from Belleville, Illinois is Jeremy Porter and The Tucos often compared?

Borghesia is a Slovenian electronic music/rock music group, created in Ljubljana in 1982.  The band was formed by members of the alternative theatre group "Theatre FV-112/15".  Borghesia created its aesthetics using the imagery of what was prohibited, tabooed, and repressed.  Their sound is often compared to that of other groups in the period such as D.A.F., Manufacture, and Front 242, whom many cite as the chief instigators of the Electronic Body Music label used to describe such music. <SEP>  Jay Farrar, Jeff Tweedy, and Mike Heidorn formed the band after the lead singer of their previous band, The Primitives, left to attend college.  The trio recorded three albums for Rockville Records, before signing with Sire Records and expanding to a five-piece.  Shortly after the release of the band's major label debut album "Anodyne", Farrar announced his decision to leave the band due to a soured relationship with his co-songwriter Tweedy.  Uncle Tupelo split on May 1, 1994, after completing a farewell tour.  Following the breakup, Farrar formed Son Volt with Heidorn, while the remaining members continued as Wilco. Uncle Tupelo was an alternative country music group from Belleville, Illinois, active between 1987 and 1994. <SEP>  The band is often compared to The Replacements, Cheap Trick, Uncle Tupelo and X. Jeremy Porter & The Tucos is an American rock and roll band from Detroit, Michigan.  The band is composed of Jeremy Porter (guitar, vocals), Gabriel Doman (drums, vocals), and Patrick O'Harris (bass, vocals).  Their sound has been described as a combination of classic American powerpop and alternative-country with elements of punk and Rockabilly. <SEP> Jeremy Porter is a guitar player, singer and songwriter from Marquette, Michigan, currently living in Plymouth, Michigan (near Detroit).  He is the founder of the Detroit-based band Jeremy Porter & The Tucos and co-founder of The Regulars, considered one of the first punk bands in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan.
Question: What type of publication does Len Deighton and Margaret Landon have in common?

 In 1950, Landon sold the musical play rights to Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II, who created the musical "The King and I" from her book.  A later work, "Never Dies the Dream", appeared in 1949. Margaret Landon (September 7, 1903 – December 4, 1993) was an American writer best remembered for "Anna and the King of Siam", her best-selling 1944 novel of the life of Anna Leonowens which eventually sold over a million copies and was translated into more than twenty languages. <SEP> Bullet to Beijing is a 1995 made-for-television film that continues the adventures of the fictional spy Harry Palmer, who appeared in the 1960s films "The Ipcress File", "Funeral in Berlin" and "Billion Dollar Brain", based on books by author Len Deighton.  Though an alternate title is "Len Deighton's Bullet to Beijing", Deighton was not associated with the film at all. <SEP> Len Deighton's London Dossier is a guide book to London, edited by British author Len Deighton and published in 1967.  It consists of a ""collection of personal guides to the hidden gems and sites of London by a range of writers and raconteurs, many of them Len Deighton’s friends.""  Deighton himself contributes two of the 14 essays. <SEP> Leonard Cyril Deighton ( ; born 18 February 1929), known as Len Deighton, is a British author.  Deighton is considered one of the top three spy novelists of his time (along with Ian Fleming and John le Carré).  In addition he is a highly acclaimed military historian, cookery writer, and graphic artist. " The Sunday Times" called him "the poet of the spy story". The IPCRESS File" (1962), his first novel, was an instant bestseller and broke the mould of thriller writing. "  Deighton’s first protagonist – a nameless spy christened Harry Palmer in the films – was made famous worldwide in 1960s films starring Michael Caine.
Question: Karty was a writer in the weekly magazine published in what Indian city?

 It was founded in 1947 by Kumudam Group (P.V. Parthasarathy and S.A.P. annamalai), which also publishes other Tamil magazines including "Kumudam Reporter", "Kumudam Snehidi", "Kumudam Bhakti", "Kumudam Jothidam", "Kumudam Theeranadhi". Kumudam is a Tamil weekly magazine published in Chennai, India.  The Kumudam Group started a Telugu spiritual magazine called "Kumudam Bhakthi Special". <SEP> (Nepali: खसोखास साप्ताहिक) is a Nepali weekly magazine, published in New York City.  It started as a weekly newspaper in 2012 in the United States, before becoming a weekly magazine.  It has been published every Friday since its launch on 15 January 2012.  "Khasokhas Weekly" was also the first Nepali weekly newspaper to have been published in the United States and "Khasokhas Weekly Magazine" is the first Nepali weekly magazine in Nepali diaspora.  "Khasokhas" is a Nepalese word whose dictionary meaning translates to "verified truth".  Kishor Panthi is the editor-in-chief of the newspaper since 2012. <SEP>  He is son of Mr.M.Velu, Chief manager, Corporation Bank, who was also a writer in Kumudam, Ananda Vikatan, Dinamalar-Varamalar and several other Tamil magazines. Karthikeyan Velu (born 26 April 1990, known as Karty / Karthik Adhigan (screen name) ) is a Tamil actor and dancer who works in the Tamil film industry.  Karty started his acting career at the age of 22.  He has made several short movies and couple of feature films. <SEP> Avadhanam Sita Raman was an Indian writer and journalist and a former editor of the Illustrated Weekly of India.  Born on 9 April 1919 at Proddatur in Kadapa district in the South Indian state of Andhra Pradesh, he secured his master's degree in economics from the Andhra University College of Arts and Commerce, Waltair.  He started his career in 1936 as a writer and journalist with freelance contributions to English and Telugu publications such as Triveni, a literary and cultural quarterly.  Later, in 1943, he joined the Hindustan Times in the capacity of a sub editor, moved on to publications such as The Statesman and The Times of India before joining the Illustrated Weekly of India in 1953, and rose to the rank of the Editor, the first Indian editor of the weekly.  He also worked as an art consultant to The Studio (magazine), London.  At the end of the seventies, he joined Swarajya, a Chennai based weekly magazine.
Question: Treenailed boats were use used by viking in which centuries?

 The term is also commonly extended in modern English and other vernaculars to the inhabitants of Viking home communities during what has become known as the Viking Age.  This period of Nordic military, mercantile and demographic expansion constitutes an important element in the early medieval history of Scandinavia, Estonia, the British Isles, France, Kievan Rus' and Sicily. Vikings (Old English: "wicing"—"pirate", Danish and Bokmål: "vikinger" ; Swedish and Nynorsk: "vikingar" ; Icelandic: "víkingar" , from Old Norse "víkingar "), were Norse seafarers, mainly speaking the Old Norse language, who raided and traded from their Northern European homelands across wide areas of northern, central and eastern Europe, during the late 8th to late 11th centuries. <SEP> The Thayer IV was the name of the boat used in the 1981 film "On Golden Pond".  There were 3 Thayer IV's used in the movie, including 1 replica used for a crash scene.  One was a 1950 Chris-Craft Sportsman (U22-1460), bought by a family in 1982 from marine coordinator Pat Curtin as one of the boats used in the movie.  The other boat, also a Chris-Craft Sportsman (U22-1802), was sold in 1983 by the marine coordinator for the movie, Mr. Pat Curtin, as the boat which Henry Fonda and Katharine Hepburn used for their excursions on Golden Pond.  At that same time, the buyer of U22-1802 also purchased the replica used in the crash scene.  Although the Chris-Craft Sportsman was the main boat used in the movie, the script called for the Thayer IV, a mail boat, a canoe, and a replica of the Thayer IV.  These were provided by Patrick Curtin of Eastern Classics, a boatyard in Laconia, New Hampshire, specializing in the restoration of mahogany speed boats.  Following World War II, the Sportsman model reappeared as a direct descendant of its 1937 predecessors.  The popular model stayed in the Chris Craft line up until 1960.  The use of a 1950 Sportsman model as the Thayer IV in "On Golden Pond" did much to generate interest in antique and classic boats. <SEP> The treenailed boat is a boat model used in Northern Europe, usually associated with Vikings but should perhaps be ascribed to Pomeranian groups.  The shape and construction coincides with the sewn boats, but instead of ropes, it is assembled with wooden treenails. <SEP> Traditionally, many different kinds of boats have been used as fishing boats to catch fish in the sea, or on a lake or river.  Even today, many traditional fishing boats are still in use.  According to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), at the end of 2004, the world fishing fleet consisted of about 4 million vessels, of which 2.7 million were undecked (open) boats.  While nearly all decked vessels were mechanised, only one-third of the undecked fishing boats were powered, usually with outboard engines.  The remaining 1.8 million boats were traditional craft of various types, operated by sail and oars.
Question: What was the 2013 population of the town that Ann Trombley was born in?

 Trombley was born in Saginaw, Michigan. Ann Trombley (born November 22, 1963) is an American cyclist.  She competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, in the women's cross-country. <SEP> Saginaw is a city in the State of Michigan and the seat of Saginaw County.  The Saginaw County MSA had a population of 196,542 in 2013.  The city of Saginaw and Saginaw County are both located in the area known as Mid-Michigan or Central Michigan.  The city of Saginaw is located adjacent to Saginaw Charter Township and is considered part of the Tri-City area, along with neighboring Bay City and Midland.  The city is also the largest municipality within the Saginaw, Midland, and Bay City Metropolitan Area. <SEP> White House is a city in Robertson and Sumner counties in the United States state of Tennessee.  The population was 7,220 at the 2000 census.  It is approximately twenty-two miles north of downtown Nashville.  According to the city website a special census was conducted in 2008 that placed the city population at 9,891 residents, with 3,587 households within the city limits.  The population was 10,255 at the 2010 census which showed growth of 3,000 people from 2000 to 2010.  The 2013 population was 10,752. <SEP> Benešov (] ; German: "Beneschau" ) is a town in the Central Bohemian Region, Czech Republic, about 40 km southeast of Prague.  The Konopiště castle and the Czech national mountain Blaník are near the town.  1 January 2013 population of 16 541 was recorded .
Question: Which species is an evergreen, Fatsia or Petrocosmea?

 They typically have stout, sparsely branched stems bearing spirally-arranged, large leathery, palmately lobed leaves 20–50 cm in width, on a petiole up to 50 cm long, and small creamy-white flowers in dense terminal compound umbels in late autumn or early winter, followed by small black fruit. Fatsia is a small genus of three species of evergreen shrubs native to southern Japan and Taiwan. <SEP> Tetrapanax papyrifer (rice-paper plant, or "通草—tong cao") is an evergreen shrub in the family Araliaceae, the sole species in the genus Tetrapanax.  The specific epithet is frequently misspelled as "papyriferum", "papyriferus", or "papyrifera".  It is endemic to Taiwan, but widely cultivated in East Asia and sometimes in other tropical regions as well.  The species was once included in the genus "Fatsia" as "Fatsia papyrifera". <SEP> Petrocosmea is a genus of the family Gesneriaceae, the African violet family.  Most of the species within this genus are endemic to high-altitude areas in Western China, although some are native to other parts of Asia.  It is a rosette forming genus that generally grows on wet mossy rocks or forests. <SEP> Fatsia japonica(syn.  "Aralia japonica" Thunb. , "A. sieboldii" Hort.  ex K.Koch), also glossy-leaf paper plant, fatsi, paperplant or Japanese aralia, is a species of flowering plant in the family Araliaceae, native to southern Japan, southern Korea, and Taiwan.
Question: When was the American singer, rapper, songwriter and actor born who's song is "Bawitdaba"?

Robert James Ritchie (born January 17, 1971), known professionally as Kid Rock, is an American singer, rapper, songwriter, musician, record producer, and actor.  His 1998 album "Devil Without a Cause" sold 14 million copies worldwide.  He is a five-time Grammy Award nominee and has sold 25 million albums in the U.S. according to Nielsen SoundScan.  The RIAA certified him selling 23.5 million albums.  He has sold over 35 million records worldwide. <SEP> "Scream" is a song performed by American producer, songwriter and rapper Timbaland, released as the fifth and final single from his second studio album "Shock Value" (2007).  The song features vocals from American singer and songwriter Keri Hilson and the lead singer of the Pussycat Dolls Nicole Scherzinger.  Mosley and Hilson co-wrote the song with American producer Danja, who co-produced the song with Timbaland.  Mosley Music Group, in association with Blackground Records and Interscope Records, serviced the song to mainstream radios in the United States on December 11, 2007. <SEP> "Bawitdaba" is a song by American singer-songwriter and rapper Kid Rock, the third single off his Atlantic Records debut "Devil Without a Cause", released in 1998. <SEP> Tremaine Aldon Neverson (born November 28, 1984), better known as Trey Songz, is an American singer, songwriter, rapper and actor.  His debut album, "I Gotta Make It", was released in 2005 through Atlantic Records.  His follow-up album, "Trey Day", spawned his first top 20 single, "Can't Help but Wait".  Songz released his third album "Ready" in 2009 and a single from the album, "Say Aah", peaked at No. 9 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 making it Songz's first top 10 hit.  "Ready" was nominated for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance at the 2008 Grammy Awards.  The following year saw Songz's highest charting song to date, "Bottoms Up" featuring rapper Nicki Minaj from his fourth studio album, "Passion, Pain & Pleasure".
Question: What year did the Video Scandals come out that involved the entrepreneur who founded the El Independiente? 

 The majority of them involved politicians in corrupt dealings with former business man Carlos Ahumada, and another showed a politician spending money in Las Vegas. The Videoscandals were political scandals in Mexico in 2004 when videos of prominent politicians taken with hidden cameras were made public. <SEP> Carlos Agustín Ahumada Kurtz (born 1964) is an entrepreneur of dual Argentine-Mexican nationality.  His main areas of business are mining, construction and football.  He founded the "El Independiente" newspaper in Mexico and was a partner and founding member of Colegio de Imagen Pública A.C. <SEP> The National Accountability Bureau (Urdu: ‎ ; abbreviated NAB), is an autonomous and constitutionally established federal institution responsible to build efforts against corruption and prepare critical national economic intelligence assessments against economic terrorism to the Government of Pakistan.  It has come under criticism for inhumane treatment of its detainees and the sweeping powers bestowed upon it under the National Accountability Ordinance 1999 promulgated by a military junta.  Pakistan's parliamentary committee that monitors corruption cases has criticized The National Accountability Bureau for its unwillingness to prosecute former Army officers involved in corruption scandals. <SEP> The Oaxaca International Literature Competition also known as El Concurso Internacional De Literatura Oaxaca is an "event within an event", where the main event is the Oaxaca International Independent Film and Video Festival also known as Festival Internacional De Cine Independiente y Video Oaxaca.  The two events are held each November in the Mexican city of Oaxaca.  The festival is an official cultural event of the city of Oaxaca de Juarez.
Question: The castle that was the Seat of the Culdares line was owned by what person from the 1920s until the 1950s? 

The title Menzies of Culdares came to prominence following the extinction of the main Menzies of Weem line in 1911.  Meggernie Castle in Glen Lyon, Perthshire was the Seat of the Culdares line  The Clan was without a Chief until Col. Ronald Steuart Menzies of Culdares and Arndilly, the lineal heir of Colonel James Menzies of Culdares, a prominent Covenanting officer and cousin of the first Baronet, petitioned Lyon Court in 1957 and obtained arms in the title of "The Menzies of Menzies".  His son, David Steuart Menzies of Menzies is the present Chief.  The title Menzies of Culdares was matriculated to his second son, Simon Menzies of Culdares, in 2006. <SEP> The Castle of Charles V (Italian: Castello Carlo quinto; Leccese: Castellu Carlu Quintu), also known as the Castello di Lecce, is a castle in Lecce, Italy.  It was first built in the Middle Ages, and was strengthened by Charles V in 1539, to a design by the architect Gian Giacomo dell’Acaya.  To build this fortress two constructions were pulled down: the Chapel of the Trinity and the Monastery of the Benedictine Order of the Saint Cross.  The castle did not have only defensive functions, in the 18th century one of its rooms was used as a theatre.  From 1870 to 1979 it was used as military district.  Nowadays it is the seat of the Cultural Affairs of the township of Lecce, a backdrop for many cultural initiatives.  Visitors can remain charmed with the delicate ornaments of the interiors: the capitals and the decorated big room, with imposing big stained glass windows.  The rooms of the upstairs are sustained by imposing stone columns.  There is a legend linked with this castle: it tells that the family which owned this castle in the 14th century, the Orsini del Balzo family, kept a white bear in the moat of the castle.  This animal was a status symbol and, at the same time, it scared prowlers. <SEP> Meggernie Castle is a castle in the heart of Perth and Kinross, in central Scotland.  It is located halfway up Glenlyon, where the river Lyon flows through on its way to join Loch Tay.  From the 1920s until the 1950s, the castle was owned by Sir Ernest Wills, 3rd Baronet. <SEP> Landenberg Junction is an unincorporated community and small railroad junction in New Castle County, Delaware near Wilmington.  It is situated at the junction of CSX Transportation's Philadelphia Subdivision and the Wilmington and Western Railroad, which operates tourist trains between Greenbank and Hockessin.  Both lines were formerly owned by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.  The current Wilmington and Western Railroad line ran from the junction at Elsmere to Landenberg, Pennsylvania until the 1940s when the B&O decided to cut back the line to the town of Southwood, Delaware and eventually, the line was cut back to Hockessin in the 1950s.
Question: Which Kentucky town is larger, Gray or Corbin?

Gray is an unincorporated community in Knox County, Kentucky, United States.  The community is located along U.S. Route 25E 4.9 mi west of Corbin.  Gray has a post office with ZIP code 40734, which opened on January 25, 1888. <SEP> Saint Camillus Academy was a Catholic school located in Corbin, Kentucky, established in 1908 by the Sisters of Divine Providence with the help of the Diocese of Covington.  The school originally served students in grades 1-12 and included boarding facilities for girls, but in 2012 was closed and in 2013 sold its building to Corbin Schools System.  For the 2013-14 and the first semester of the 2014-15 school year it was home to the Corbin Educational Center.  The Corbin Educational Center, or CEC, is a Day Treatment school under the Corbin Independent School District.  It provides day treatment services for students from Corbin, Williamsburg, and Whitley County.  Over Christmas break of the 2014-15 school year CEC returned to the former Corbin City Utilities building.  The former Saint Camillus site will now be home to the new Corbin Middle School.  Demolition of the current building is set to begin in early 2016 with the construction of the new CMS to follow soon after. <SEP> Corbin is a home rule-class city in Whitley and Knox counties in the southeastern portion of the U.S. state of Kentucky.  However, this area is served by some of the city's public services.  As of the 2010 census, the city population was 7,304, with 21,132 living in the "urban cluster" that includes Corbin and North Corbin.  The urbanized area around Corbin extends into Laurel County; this area is not incorporated into the city limits due to a state law prohibiting cities from being in more than two counties. <SEP> Forcht Group of Kentucky "(pronounced "fork")" is a group of companies principally owned by Terry E. Forcht, with corporate headquarters in Lexington, Kentucky and Corbin, Kentucky.  The corporation employs more than 2,100 people in many companies specializing in banking and financial services, insurance, nursing homes and health care, broadcasting and print media, retail, data and Web design services, real estate and construction.  Forcht Group of Kentucky officially changed its name from First Corbin Financial Corporation on November 10, 2007.  The company also sponsors "The Forcht Group of Kentucky Center for Excellence in Leadership" lecture series which began in 2005 at University of the Cumberlands, where Terry Forcht formerly taught business.
Question: In which city does this annual convention (first occurred in June 1993) that Iftach Ian Amit founded take place ?

Iftach Ian Amit (Hebrew: יפתח איאן עמית) is an Israeli Hacker/computer security researcher and practitioner.  He is one of the co-founders of the Tel Aviv DEF CON Group DC9723, the Penetration Testing Execution Standard, and presented at hacker conventions such as DEF CON, Black Hat, BlueHat, RSA Conference.  He has been named SC Magazine's top experts and featured at Narratively's cover piece on Attack of the Superhackers and is frequently quoted and interviewed <SEP>  Many of the attendees at DEF CON include computer security professionals, journalists, lawyers, federal government employees, security researchers, students, and hackers with a general interest in software, computer architecture, phone phreaking, hardware modification, and anything else that can be "hacked." DEF CON (also written as DEFCON, Defcon, or DC) is one of the world's largest hacker conventions, held annually in Las Vegas, Nevada, with the first DEF CON taking place in June 1993.  The event consists of several tracks of speakers about computer- and hacking-related subjects, as well as social events Wargames and contests in everything from creating the longest Wi-Fi connection (aircrack-ng) and hacking computer systems to who can most effectively cool a beer in the Nevada heat. <SEP> Midwest FurFest (abbreviated MFF) is a furry convention, which takes place in Rosemont, Illinois each December.  MFF is an Illinois Educational Not-For-Profit Corporation that exists primarily for the purpose of holding an annual convention to facilitate education in anthropomorphic literature and art.  A secondary purpose of the corporation is to facilitate the donation of funds to non-profit institutions that the board decides are worthy and which promote the well-being of humans and/or animals.  The convention was first held in 2000 and has grown to draw 5,606 attendees in 2015. <SEP> The Texas State Florists' Association (TSFA) was founded in 1914 and is headquartered in Austin, Texas.  Since its inception, the TSFA has grown into a professional trade association that covers many branches of the floral industry.  Its membership base includes a diverse assortment of people in the floral industry, and it is involved in professional services and marketing in support of floral interests, state legislation, and the provision of educational opportunities.  It represents the Texas floral industry, and has members in ten additional states.  The organization hosts an annual convention, the first of which occurred in 1914.  The TSFA sponsors the Texas Certified Florists Program, and publishes a monthly magazine named "The Bloomin' Texan".
Question: The Meanest Man in the World featured the comedian and actor of what nationality in the supporting role?

Joseph Kirkland (January 7, 1830 - April 29, 1894) was an American novelist.  Born in Geneva, New York, to educator William Kirkland and author Caroline Kirkland, he was a businessman in Chicago, then served in the Union Army during the Civil War, reaching the rank of major.  He resigned his Union Army commission and moved to Tilton, Illinois, where he married Theodosia B. Wilkinson in 1863.  In 1864 he founded the Midwestern literary periodical "Prairie Chicken".  After the war he became a lawyer while also pursuing writing.  He is best remembered as the author of two realistic novels of pioneer life in the Far West, "Zury: The Meanest Man in Spring County (1887)" and "The McVeys".  Other works are "The Captain of Company K" and "The Story of Chicago".  He was also the literary editor of the "Chicago Tribune".  Kirkland died in Chicago at the age of 64. <SEP> Kenne Duncan (February 17, 1903 – February 5, 1972) was a Canadian-born B-movie character actor.  Hyped professionally as "The Meanest Man in the Movies," the vast majority of his over 250 appearances on camera were Westerns, but he also did occasional forays into horror, crime drama, and science fiction.  He also appeared in over a dozen serials. <SEP> Edmund Lincoln Anderson (September 18, 1905 – February 28, 1977) was an American comedian and actor. <SEP>  The supporting cast features Eddie "Rochester" Anderson, Edmund Gwenn and Anne Revere. The Meanest Man in the World is a 1943 film directed by Sidney Lanfield, starring Jack Benny and Priscilla Lane, based upon a play that starred George M. Cohan, who produced it on Broadway and released by 20th Century Fox.  The picture's screenplay was written by George Seaton and Allan House.  The plotline involves a kind lawyer (Benny) who pretends to be mean in order to further his career, which has the unforeseen repercussion of placing his romance with Lane's character in serious jeopardy.