Question: Halid Ziya Usakligil, the Turkish author, poet and playwright, whose works include the flagship 'Wealth of Knowledge' during the late Ottoman Empire was critical of which Sultan who was deposed during the Young Turk Revolution in 1908?

Mehmed Ziya Gökalp (23 March 1876 – 25 October 1924) was a Turkish sociologist, writer, poet, and political activist.  After the 1908 Young Turk Revolution that reinstated constitutionalism in the Ottoman Empire, he adopted the pen name Gökalp ("sky hero"), which he retained for the rest of his life.  As a sociologist, Ziya Gökalp was influential in the negation of Islamism, pan-Islamism, and Ottomanism as ideological, cultural, and sociological identifiers.  In a 1936 publication, sociologist Niyazi Berkes described Gökalp as "the real founder of Turkish sociology, since he was not a mere translator or interpreter of foreign sociology." <SEP>  He oversaw a period of decline.  He ruled from 31 August 1876 until he was deposed shortly after the 1908 Young Turk Revolution, on 27 April 1909.  In accordance with an agreement made with the republican Young Ottomans, he promulgated the first Ottoman constitution of 1876 on 23 December 1876, which was a sign of progressive thinking that marked his early rule. Abdul Hamid II (Ottoman Turkish: عبد الحميد ثانی‎ , "`Abdü’l-Ḥamīd-i sânî"; Turkish: "İkinci Abdülhamit" ; 21 September 184210 February 1918) was the 34th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and the last Sultan to exert effective control over the fracturing state.  Later, however, he noticed Western influence on Ottoman affairs and citing disagreements with Parliament, suspended both the short-lived constitution and Parliament in 1878 and accomplished highly effective power and control. <SEP> The Young Turk Revolution (July 1908) of the Ottoman Empire was when the Young Turks movement restored the Ottoman constitution of 1876 and ushered in multi-party politics in a two stage electoral system (electoral law) under the Ottoman parliament.  More than three decades earlier, in 1876, constitutional monarchy had been established under Sultan Abdul Hamid II during a period of time known as the First Constitutional Era, which only lasted for two years before Abdul Hamid suspended it and restored autocratic powers to himself.  On 24 July 1908, Abdul Hamid capitulated and announced the restoration of Constitution, which established the Second Constitutional Era.  After an attempted monarchist counterrevolution in favor of Abdul Hamid the following year, he was deposed and his brother Mehmed V ascended the throne. <SEP> Halid Ziya Uşaklıgil (also spelled Halit and Uşakizâde) (] ; 1866 – 27 March 1945) was a Turkish author, poet, and playwright.  A part of the "Edebiyat-ı Cedide" ("New Literature") movement of the late Ottoman Empire, he was the founder of and contributor to many literary movements and institutions, including his flagship "Servet-i Fünun" ("The Wealth of Knowledge") journal.  He was a strong critic of the Sultan Abdul Hamid II, which led to the censorship of much of his work by the Ottoman government.  His many novels, plays, short stories, and essays include his 1899 romance novel "Aşk-ı Memnu" ("Forbidden Love"), which has been adapted into an internationally successful television series of the same name.