Question: Where did the 2008 Olympic torch relay begin in the birthplace of Thunderball's author?

india rejected chinese demands that the torch route be clear of india's 150,000-strong tibetan exile community, by which they required a ban on congregation near the curtailed 3 km route. in response indian officials said india was a democracy, and "a wholesale ban on protests was out of the question". contradicting some other reports, indian officials also refused permission to the "olympic holy flame protection unit". the combined effect is a "rapid deterioration" of relations between india and china. meanwhile, the tibetan government in exile, which is based in india, has stated that it did not support the disruption of the olympic torch relay. <SEP> north korea: the event was held in pyongyang on april 28. it was the first time that the olympic torch has traveled to north korea. a crowd of thousands waving pink paper flowers and small flags with the beijing olympics logo were organized by the authoritarian regime watched the beginning of the relay in pyongyang, some waving chinese flags. the event was presided over by the head of the country's parliament, kim yong nam. the north, an ally of china, has been critical of disruptions to the torch relay elsewhere and has supported beijing in its actions against protests in tibet. kim passed the torch to the first runner pak du ik, who played on north korea's 1966 world cup soccer team, as he began the 19-kilometre route through pyongyang. the relay began from the large sculpted flame of the obelisk of the juche tower, which commemorates the national ideology of juche, or "self-reliance", created by the country's late founding president kim il sung, father of leader kim jong il, who did not attend. <SEP> The 48 km (30 mi) leg took a total of seven and a half hours to complete, and attracted protests by pro-Tibetan independence and pro-Human Rights supporters, prompting changes to the planned route and an unscheduled move onto a bus, which was then briefly halted by protestors. Great Britain: The torch relay leg held in London, the host city of the 2012 Summer Olympics, on April 6 began at Wembley Stadium, passed through the City of London, and eventually ended at O2 Arena in the eastern part of the city. Home Secretary Jacqui Smith has officially complained to Beijing Organising Committee about the conduct of the tracksuit-clad Chinese security guards. The Chinese officials, seen manhandling protesters, were described by both the London Mayor Ken Livingstone and Lord Coe, chairman of the London Olympic Committee as "thugs". A Metropolitan police briefing paper revealed that security for the torch relay cost £750,000 and the participation of the Chinese security team had been agreed in advance, despite the Mayor stating, "We did not know beforehand these thugs were from the security services. Had I known so, we would have said no." <SEP> His mother was Evelyn ("" Rose), and his father was Valentine Fleming, the Member of Parliament for Henley from 1910 to 1917. As an infant he briefly lived, with his family, at Braziers Park in Oxfordshire. Ian Lancaster Fleming was born on 28 May 1908, at 27 Green Street in the wealthy London district of Mayfair. Fleming was a grandson of the Scottish financier Robert Fleming, who founded the Scottish American Investment Trust and the merchant bank Robert Fleming & Co. <SEP> It was first published in the UK by Jonathan Cape on 27 March 1961, where the initial print run of 50,938 copies quickly sold out. Thunderball is the ninth book in Ian Fleming's James Bond series, and the eighth full-length Bond novel. The first novelization of an unfilmed James Bond screenplay, it was born from a collaboration by five people: Ian Fleming, Kevin McClory, Jack Whittingham, Ivar Bryce and Ernest Cuneo, although the controversial shared credit of Fleming, McClory and Whittingham was the result of a courtroom decision.