Question: When was the human development index adopted by the body that includes both the US and the nation the US beat in the Miracle on Ice?

The ``Miracle on Ice ''refers to a medal - round game during the men's ice hockey tournament at the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, New York, played between the hosting United States, and the four - time defending gold medalists, the Soviet Union. <SEP> The Soviet Union suffered greatly in the war, losing around 27 million people. Approximately 2.8 million Soviet POWs died of starvation, mistreatment, or executions in just eight months of 1941 -- 42. It emerged as a superpower in the post-war period. Once denied diplomatic recognition by the Western world, the Soviet Union had official relations with practically every nation by the late 1940s. During the war, the Soviet Union together with the United States, the United Kingdom and China were considered as the Big Four of Allied powers in World War II and later became the Four Policemen which was the foundation of the United Nations Security Council. A member of the United Nations at its foundation in 1945, the Soviet Union became one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council, which gave it the right to veto any of its resolutions. <SEP> the first practical submarines were developed in the late 19th century, but it was only after the development of the torpedo that submarines became truly dangerous (and hence useful). by the end of the first world war submarines had proved their potential. during the second world war nazi germany's submarine fleet of u-boats almost starved britain into submission and inflicted huge losses on us coastal shipping. the success of submarines led to the development of new anti-submarine convoy escorts during the first and second world wars, such as the destroyer escort. confusingly, many of these new types adopted the names of the smaller warships from the age of sail, such as corvette, sloop and frigate. <SEP> The origins of the HDI are found in the annual Human Development Reports produced by the Human Development Reports Office of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). To produce the Human Development Reports, Mahbub ul Haq formed a group of development economists including Paul Streeten, Frances Stewart, Gustav Ranis, Keith Griffin, Farhan C.M, Sudhir Anand, and Meghnad Desai. Nobel laureate Amartya Sen utilized Haq's work in his own work on human capabilities. These were devised and launched by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq in 1990, and had the explicit purpose ``to shift the focus of development economics from national income accounting to people - centered policies ''. Haq believed that a simple composite measure of human development was needed to convince the public, academics, and politicians that they can and should evaluate development not only by economic advances but also improvements in human well - being. <SEP> the space race began on august 2, 1955, when the soviet union responded to the us announcement four days earlier of intent to launch artificial satellites for the international geophysical year, by declaring they would also launch a satellite ``in the near future ''. the soviet union beat the us to this, with the october 4, 1957, orbiting of sputnik 1, and later beat the us to the first human in space, yuri gagarin, on april 12, 1961. the`` race'' peaked with the july 20, 1969, us landing of the first humans on the moon with apollo 11. the ussr tried but failed crewed lunar missions, and eventually canceled them and concentrated on earth orbital space stations.