winkelee/scaling-down huggingface dataset:
Question: Which faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party did Nikolai Krivoruchko join?

 The RSDLP was a revolutionary socialist political party formed in 1898 in Minsk in Belarus to unite the various revolutionary organisations of the Russian Empire into one party. The Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists or Bolsheviki (Russian: большевики, большевик (singular) ; ] ; derived from большинство "bol'shinstvo", "majority", literally meaning "one of the majority") were a faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) which split apart from the Menshevik faction at the Second Party Congress in 1903. <SEP> Nikolai Nikolayevich Krivoruchko (Russian, Николай Николаевич Криворучко, December 6, 1887 – August 19, 1938) was a Soviet Komkor (corps commander).  He was a recipient of the Order of Lenin and the Order of the Red Banner.  During the Great Purge, he was arrested on February 21, 1938 and later executed.  He fought in the Imperial Russian Army in World War I before going over to the Bolsheviks during the subsequent civil war. <SEP> The Social Democratic Party of Georgia (Georgian: საქართველოს სოციალ-დემოკრატიული პარტია, "sakartvelos sotsial-demok'rat'iuli p'art'ia" ), also known as the Georgian Menshevik Party, was Georgian Marxist, and later, a social democratic political party.  It was founded in the 1890s by Nikolay Chkheidze, Silibistro Jibladze, Egnate Ninoshvili, Noe Zhordania and others.  It became the Georgian branch of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party.  After 1905, Georgian social democrats joined the Menshevik faction, except for some such as Joseph Stalin, Grigol Ordzhonikidze and Makharadze.  Several leaders were elected to the Russian Duma from Kutais or Tifli: Nikolay Chkheidze, Akaki Chkhenkeli, Evgeni Gegechkori, Isidore Ramishvili, Irakly Tsereteli, Noe Zhordania. <SEP> The Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP; Russian: Росси́йская социа́л-демократи́ческая рабо́чая па́ртия (РСДРП) , "Rossiyskaya sotsial-demokraticheskaya rabochaya partiya (RSDRP)"), also known as the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party or the Russian Social Democratic Party, was a revolutionary socialist political party formed in 1898 in Minsk to unite the various revolutionary organizations of the Russian Empire into one party.  The RSDLP later split into "Majority" and "Minority" factions, with the Majority (in Russian: ""Bolshevik"") faction eventually becoming the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.  The "Interdistrictites" were also formed from this party.
Question: What county is Ave Maria University located within?

 The university moved to its permanent campus, situated in the planned town of Ave Maria, 17 mi east of Naples, Florida, in August 2007.  Ave Maria University shares its history with the former Ave Maria College in Ypsilanti, Michigan, which was founded in 1998 and closed in 2007. Ave Maria University (AMU) is a private Catholic university in Southwest Florida, United States, founded in 2003.  The school was founded by Tom Monaghan, the founder of Domino's Pizza. <SEP> Rhodora J. Donahue Academy of Ave Maria is a private, Roman Catholic K-12 school in Ave Maria, Florida.  Founded as Ave Maria Grammar and Preparatory School, it has been independent of the Diocese of Venice, Florida.  On May 12, 2017, the Diocese of Venice in Florida announced it would purchase Rhodora J. Donahue Academy after which time the school will become a Diocesan Parochial School.  Documentation of the transfer was recorded with the Collier County Clerk's office on July 6, 2017.  The school has been listed on the Catholic Education Honor Roll as a School of Excellence.  The founding headmaster in 2007 was Dr. Daniel Guernsey, who left the academy in 2013 to head up the Education school at Ave Maria University, and who was hired by the diocese in 2017 to lead the academy as its principal. <SEP> Ave Maria, Florida, United States, is a planned college town currently under development in Collier County, near Immokalee and Naples. <SEP> Concordia is a neighborhood in the Northeast section of Portland, Oregon, United States, named after Concordia University, which is located within it.  The neighborhood borders are NE 22nd Ave. on the west, NE Columbia Blvd. on the north, and NE 42nd Ave. on the east.  On the south, the border is NE Prescott St. and NE Alberta Ct., to the west and east of NE 33rd Ave., respectively.  Neighborhoods bordering Concordia are Woodlawn, Vernon, and Sabin on the west, Sunderland on the north, Cully on the east, and Alameda and Beaumont-Wilshire on the south.
Question: Are Stachyurus and Corylopsis both native to eastern Asia?

Hydrangea ( ; common names hydrangea or hortensia) is a genus of 70–75 species of flowering plants native to southern and eastern Asia (China, Japan, Korea, the Himalayas, and Indonesia) and the Americas.  By far the greatest species diversity is in eastern Asia, notably China, Japan, and Korea.  Most are shrubs 1 to 3 meters tall, but some are small trees, and others lianas reaching up to 30 m by climbing up trees.  They can be either deciduous or evergreen, though the widely cultivated temperate species are all deciduous. <SEP>  This genus is also known from the extinct species "Corylopsis reedae" described from Eocene leaf fossils found in Washington State, USA. Corylopsis is a genus of nearly 30 species of shrubs in the witch hazel family, Hamamelidaceae, native to eastern Asia with the majority of species endemic in China but with some also in Japan, Korea, and the Himalayas. <SEP>  They are deciduous shrubs or small trees with pendent racemes of 4-petalled flowers which appear on the bare branches before the leaves.  The plants have leaves with serrate margins.  Stachyuraceae contains a single genus with eight species. Stachyurus is the only genus in the flowering plant family Stachyuraceae, native to the Himalayas and eastern Asia. <SEP> Cambaroides is a genus of freshwater crayfish from eastern Asia (eastern Russia, northeastern China, Korean Peninsula and Japan).  Together with "Astacus", they are the only crayfish native to Asia.  "Cambaroides" contains seven species:
Question: Who was the idealist metaphysician that wrote an argument published as a journal article in Mind in 1908?

Long Civil Rights Movement is an argument advanced by American historian Jacquelyn Dowd Hall.  It was proposed in the article "The Long Civil Rights Movement and the Political Uses of the Past" within "The Journal of American History" in 2005.  Dowd had used the term in an earlier article titled, "Broadening Our View of the Civil Rights Movement" within the journal "The Chronicle of Higher Education" in 2001.  Since 2005, the long civil rights movement argument has attracted substantial attention from scholars and academics that study the Civil Rights Movement. <SEP>  In the argument, first published as a journal article in Mind in 1908, McTaggart argues that time is unreal because our descriptions of time are either contradictory, circular, or insufficient. "The Argument for the Unreality of Time" is the best-known philosophical work of the Cambridge idealist J. M. E. McTaggart (1866–1925).  A slightly different version of the argument appeared in 1927 as one of the chapters in the second volume of McTaggart's greatest work, "The Nature of Existence". <SEP> The Séralini affair was the controversy surrounding the publication, retraction, and republication of a journal article by French molecular biologist Gilles-Éric Séralini.  First published by "Food and Chemical Toxicology " in September 2012, the article presented a two-year feeding study in rats, and reported an increase in tumors among rats fed genetically modified corn and the herbicide RoundUp.  Scientists and regulatory agencies subsequently concluded that the study's design was flawed and its findings unsubstantiated.  A chief criticism was that each part of the study had too few rats to obtain statistically useful data, particularly because the strain of rat used, Sprague Dawley, develops tumors at a high rate over its lifetime. <SEP>  For most of his life McTaggart was a fellow and lecturer in philosophy at Trinity College, Cambridge.  He was an exponent of the philosophy of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel and among the most notable of the British idealists.  McTaggart is known for "The Unreality of Time" (1908), in which he argues that time is unreal. John McTaggart Ellis McTaggart, FBA, commonly John McTaggart or J. M. E. McTaggart ( ; 3 September 1866 – 18 January 1925), was an idealist metaphysician.  The work has been widely discussed through the 20th Century and into the 21st.
Question: What film did one of the co-stars of  Saajan Ka Ghar receive a National Film Award in 1970 for?

 He received the National Film Award for his debut role as a child artist in his father Raj Kapoor's 1970 film "Mera Naam Joker" (1970). Rishi Kapoor (born 4 September 1952) is an Indian film actor, producer and director known for his works in Hindi cinema.  Kapoor had his first lead role as an adult opposite Dimple Kapadia in 1973 with the film "Bobby" and received the Filmfare Best Actor Award in 1974.  "Bobby"' s worldwide success launched him as a global movie star, domestically in India and overseas in the Soviet Union. <SEP> Vikram is an Indian Tamil film actor.  After making his cinematic debut in the 1990 film "En Kadhal Kanmani", he acted in a series of small-budget Tamil, Telugu and Malayalam films.  It was Bala's tragedy film "Sethu" (1999) that established Vikram in the Tamil film industry.  In the early 2000s Vikram appeared in a series of masala films—"Dhill", "Gemini", "Dhool" and "Saamy" all becoming commercially successful.  During this period, Vikram performed diverse roles and received critical acclaim for his performances in "Kasi" and "Samurai".  In 2003, Vikram's performance as an autistic gravedigger in "Pithamagan" won a lot of acclaim and secured his first National Film Award for Best Actor.  His portrayal as an innocent man with multiple personality disorder in Shankar's "Anniyan" was commercially successful.  The film also fetched him a Filmfare Best Actor Award.  Vikram's portrayal as a tribal leader in Mani Ratnam's "Raavanan" saw him secure further acclaim.  He is only the third actor to receive a National Film Award for Best Actor in the Tamil film industry.  Vikram is known for his intense performances, with his work often fetching critical acclaim and commercial success.  He has won a National Film Award and seven Filmfare Awards South, of which five are Best Actor awards. <SEP> Indian actress Tabu, also credited as Tabbu, has appeared in Hindi, Telugu, English, Tamil, Malayalam and Bengali films.  Tabu's first credited role came as a teenager in Dev Anand's "Hum Naujawan" (1985), and her first major role was in the Telugu film "Coolie No. 1" (1991).  In 1994, she starred in two Hindi filmsthe romance "Pehla Pehla Pyar" and the action drama "Vijaypath"and received the Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut for the latter.  After appearing in a series of poorly received films, including "Prem" and "Saajan Ki Baahon Mein" (both 1995), the year 1996 was key for Tabu.  Her performance as a young woman affected by the Punjab insurgency in Gulzar's "Maachis" (1996) proved to be a breakthrough for her, and won her the National Film Award for Best Actress.  Also that year, Tabu won the Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Telugu for the romance "Ninne Pelladata", and featured alongside Govinda and Karisma Kapoor in the commercially successful comedy film "Saajan Chale Sasural". <SEP> Saajan Ka Ghar is a 1994 Indian Bollywood film directed by Surendra Kumar Bohra.  It stars Juhi Chawla and Rishi Kapoor in pivotal roles.
Question: The musical, Newsies, starring Mike Faust as Morris Delancey , was produced by which company?

Jack Feldman is an American Tony Award-winning lyricist who has written songs for television, film, and Broadway.  He has worked on many Disney movies ranging from "Oliver & Company" to "", collaborating with Alan Menken on the songs for "Newsies".  He wrote the lyrics for Barry Manilow's Grammy Award–winning song "Copacabana" and recently won a Tony along with Alan Menken for the stage musical version of "Newsies".  Feldman grew up on Long Island in New York. <SEP> Michael "Mike" Faist (born January 5, 1992) is an American actor best known for originating the role of Connor Murphy in the Broadway musical Dear Evan Hansen, a performance for which he was nominated for a Tony Award.  Faist also originated the role of Morris Delancey in Disney's Newsies. <SEP> Newsies The Musical is a Disney Theatrical Productions stage musical based on the 1992 musical film "Newsies", which in turn was inspired by the real-life Newsboys Strike of 1899 in New York City.  The show has music by Alan Menken, lyrics by Jack Feldman, and a book by Harvey Fierstein.  The musical premiered at the Paper Mill Playhouse in 2011 and made its Broadway debut in 2012. <SEP> Faust (German: "Faust – Eine deutsche Volkssage" ) is a 1926 silent film produced by UFA, directed by F. W. Murnau, starring Gösta Ekman as Faust, Emil Jannings as Mephisto, Camilla Horn as Gretchen/Marguerite, Frida Richard as her mother, Wilhelm Dieterle as her brother and Yvette Guilbert as Marthe Schwerdtlein, her aunt.  Murnau's film draws on older traditions of the legendary tale of Faust as well as on Goethe's classic version.  UFA wanted Ludwig Berger to direct "Faust", as Murnau was engaged with Variety; Murnau pressured the producer and, backed by Jannings, eventually persuaded Erich Pommer to let him direct the film.
Question: The Wings entered a new era, following the retirement of which Canadian retired professional ice hockey player and current general manager of the Tampa Bay Lightning of the National Hockey League (NHL)?

Bradley Glenn "Brad" Richards (born May 2, 1980) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey centre in the National Hockey League (NHL).  Richards was drafted in the third round, 64th overall, by the Tampa Bay Lightning in the 1998 NHL Entry Draft and played for the Lightning, New York Rangers, Dallas Stars, Chicago Blackhawks and Detroit Red Wings. <SEP> Jay Harry Feaster (born July 30, 1962 in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania) is a National Hockey League (NHL) executive currently serving as the Executive Director of Community Hockey Development for the Tampa Bay Lightning.  He is the former general manager of the Calgary Flames, having served from May 16, 2011 to December 12, 2013, after serving as acting general manager since December 28, 2010, following Darryl Sutter's resignation.  He was the general manager of the Tampa Bay Lightning for six years, during which he was named the NHL's executive of the year by "The Sporting News" in 2004 after guiding the Lightning to their first Stanley Cup championship. <SEP>  He is widely considered to be one of the greatest players of all time. Stephen Gregory "Steve" Yzerman ( ; born May 9, 1965) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player and current general manager of the Tampa Bay Lightning of the National Hockey League (NHL).  Yzerman spent his entire NHL playing career with the Detroit Red Wings and is a member of the Hockey Hall of Fame.  On January 27, 2017, in a ceremony during the All-Star Weekend in Los Angeles, Yzerman was part of the second group of players to be named one of the '100 Greatest NHL Players' in history. <SEP> The 2006–07 Detroit Red Wings season was the 81st National Hockey League season in Detroit, Michigan.  The Wings named Yzerman a team vice-president, Yzerman's number 19 was retired by the Wings in January.  The Wings entered a new era, following the retirement of longtime captain Steve Yzerman after 22 seasons in the NHL, all spent with Detroit.
Question: What t.v. program promoted a modern afro-Cuban partner dance that is a fusion of rhythm developed from the danzón-mambo, and hip hop?

Fusion dance is a type of contemporary American partner dance that combines different dance styles to create a new aesthetic.  It is typically an improvised, lead-follow approach to dancing that does not conform to any particular defined dance styles.  Fusion dancing may involve creating a new dance style, combining existing styles, or both. <SEP> New jack swing or swingbeat is a fusion genre spearheaded by Teddy Riley and Bernard Belle that became popular from the late 1980s into the early 1990s.  Its influence, along with hip hop, seeped into pop culture and was the definitive sound of the inventive black New York club scene.  It fuses the rhythms, samples, and production techniques of hip hop and dance-pop with the urban contemporary sound of R&B.  The new jack swing style developed as many previous music styles did, by combining elements of older styles with newer sensibilities.  It used R&B style vocals sung over hip hop and dance-pop style influenced instrumentation.  The sound of new jack swing comes from the hip hop "swing" beats created by drum machine, and hardware samplers, which were popular during the Golden Age of Hip Hop, with contemporary R&B style singing. <SEP> The cha-cha-chá, or simply cha-cha in the U.S., is a dance of Cuban origin.  This rhythm was developed from the danzón-mambo.  It is danced to the music of the same name introduced by Cuban composer and violinist Enrique Jorrin in the early 1950's.  The name of the dance is an onomatopoeia derived from the shuffling sound of the dancers' feet. <SEP> Guapacha pronounced "wapacha", is a modern afro-Cuban partner dance that is a fusion of Cha-cha-cha and hip hop, promoted in 2006 by "Strictly Dance Fever" TV program.
Question: The 1905 Michigan Agricultural Aggies football team represented Michigan Agricultural College (MAC) in the 1905 college football season, in their third year, they were under which head coach, and was an American football, basketball, baseball, and track and field coach and athletic director?

The 1905 Michigan Agricultural Aggies football team represented Michigan Agricultural College (MAC) in the 1905 college football season.  In their third year under head coach Chester Brewer, the Aggies compiled a 10–2 record and outscored their opponents 349 to 75. <SEP>  He served as the head football coach at Albion College (1899–1902), Michigan Agricultural College, now Michigan State University, (1903–1910, 1917, 1919), the University of Missouri (1911–1913), and the University Farm, now the University of California, Davis, (1922), compiling a career record of 97–51–4.  Brewer was also the head basketball coach at Michigan Agricultural (1903–1910), Missouri (1910–1911) and the University Farm (1922–1923), tallying a mark of 84–36, and the head baseball coach at Michigan Agricultural (1904–1910, 1918–1920) and Missouri (1911, 1914–1917, 1933–1934), amassing a record of 148–93–4. Chester Leland Brewer (November 26, 1875 – April 16, 1953) was an American football, basketball, baseball, and track and field coach and athletic director. <SEP> The 1899 Michigan Agricultural Aggies football team represented Michigan Agricultural College (MAC) in the 1899 college football season.  In their first year under head coach Charles Bemies, the Aggies compiled a 2–4–1 record and outscored their opponents 142 to 127.  Bemies was the first professional coach to lead the MAC football team.  In the third game in the Michigan State–Notre Dame football rivalry, Notre Dame won the game at South Bend, Indiana, by 40 to 0 score as Notre Dame's captain McDonald scored five touchdowns. <SEP> The 1917 Michigan Agricultural Aggies football team represented Michigan Agricultural College (MAC) in the 1917 college football season.  In their ninth non-consecutive year under head coach Chester Brewer (Brewer previously coached the Aggies from 1903 to 1910), the Aggies compiled a 0–9 record and were outscored by their opponents 179 to 23.
Question: Bloody Mary is the title of a series of science fiction comic books written by a Northern Irish-born naturalized American comics writer, who is best known for the Vertigo series Preacher, with what artist?

The Witching is a comic book series written by Jonathan Vankin and Leigh Gallagher, with Tara McPherson creating the cover art.  This comic was published in the United States by the DC Comics imprint Vertigo.  A total of 10 monthly issues were released in 2004 and 2005.  Issue #5 featured a guest artist, Mark Buckingham, best known as the regular artist on the Vertigo series, Fables. <SEP>  He has collaborated with artists such as Dillon and Glenn Fabry on "Preacher", John McCrea on "Hitman", and Carlos Ezquerra on both "Preacher" and "Hitman". Garth Ennis (born 16 January 1970) is a Northern Irish-born naturalized American comics writer, best known for the Vertigo series "Preacher" with artist Steve Dillon and his successful nine-year run on Marvel Comics' Punisher franchise. <SEP> Joseph Sylvester Maher (pronounced "Ma-her" or "Ma-HARR", December 29, 1933 – July 17, 1998) was an Irish-born naturalized American character actor, playwright and director, best known for his roles in 43 films.  He was nominated for three Tony Awards, won a Drama Desk Award and Obie Award, and was a nominee of the Olivier Award for his supporting roles on the stage.  He was best known for appearing in plays by Joe Orton. <SEP>  All of the series were published as part of DC Comics' Helix imprint.  It is also the name of the protagonist of the series. Bloody Mary is the title of a series of science fiction comic book limited series written by Garth Ennis and illustrated by Carlos Ezquerra.
Question: What digital audio software came bundled with Linux's Puredyne?

LADSPA is an acronym for Linux Audio Developer's Simple Plugin API.  It is an application programming interface (API) standard for handling audio filters and audio signal processing effects, licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL).  It was originally designed for Linux through consensus on the Linux Audio Developers Mailing List, but works on a variety of other platforms.  It is used in many free audio software projects and there is a wide range of LADSPA plug-ins available. <SEP> Ardour is a hard disk recorder and digital audio workstation application.  It runs on Linux, macOS, FreeBSD and Microsoft Windows.  Its primary author is Paul Davis, who is also responsible for the JACK Audio Connection Kit.  Ardour is intended to be digital audio workstation software suitable for professional use. <SEP>  It also included hardware related software such as arduino and came bundled with home-studio and graphic design software (Ardour, JACK, GIMP, Inkscape, etc.). puredyne was a live Linux distribution based on Ubuntu and Debian Live and dedicated to live audio-and-visual processing and streaming.  Its focus was on the Pure Data audio synthesis system as well as SuperCollider, Csound and others, plus live video-processing systems such as Processing and Fluxus. <SEP> Qtractor is a hard disk recorder and digital audio workstation application for Linux.  Qtractor is written in C++ and is based on the Qt framework.  Its author is Rui Nuno Capela, who is also responsible for the Qjackctl, Qsynth and Qsampler line of Linux audio software.  Qtractor's intention is to provide digital audio workstation software simple enough for the average home user, and yet powerful enough for the professional user.
Question: Pathways to Higher Education (PHE/EG), is a soft-skills oriented training program funded by which New York-headquartered, globally oriented private foundation with the mission of advancing human welfare, in fourteen different countries across the globe?

 The main objectives of PHE/EG is to enhance the skills of socially disadvantaged (underprivileged) groups among the university students and graduates, focusing on students and graduates of humanities and social sciences specializations preserving gender equal opportunity, with a primary view to improving their chances of access to postgraduate studies, enhancing their prospects to benefit from any scholarships programs, and/or maximizing their potential for acquiring better employment opportunities.  These developmental issues are in-line with the overall objectives and reform strategy of the Egyptian Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE) that is being implemented in phases by the Projects Management Unit (PMU/MOHE). Pathways to Higher Education (PHE/EG) is a soft-skills oriented training program funded by Ford Foundation in fourteen different countries across the globe, and implemented in Egypt by Cairo University represented by CAPSCU in three phases over a period of ten years, starting 2002 through 2012. <SEP> The Police Training Officer program (PTO) is a post-academy training program created from the educational approach known as problem-based learning.  Program development was funded by the United States Department of Justice Office of Community Oriented Policing Services to train police recruits once they graduate from the police academy.  It was initially developed to replace the 30-year-old Field Training Officer (FTO) program, which research surveys indicated had become incompatible with community based policing and problem solving. <SEP>  Created in 1936 by Edsel Ford and Henry Ford, it was originally funded by a US$25,000 gift from Edsel Ford.  By 1947, after the death of the two founders, the foundation owned 90% of the non-voting shares of the Ford Motor Company.  (The Ford family retained the voting shares.)  Between 1955 and 1974, the foundation sold its Ford Motor Company holdings and now plays no role in the automobile company. The Ford Foundation is a New York-headquartered, globally oriented private foundation with the mission of advancing human welfare.  For years, the foundation was the largest, and one of the most influential foundations in the world, with global reach and special interests in economic empowerment, education, human rights, democracy, the creative arts, and Third World development. <SEP> The Duke Endowment is a private foundation established in 1924 by industrialist and philanthropist James B. Duke.  The mission of the foundation is to serve the people of North Carolina and South Carolina by supporting selected programs of higher education, health care, children's welfare, and spiritual life.
Question: Which state in the midwestern and northern regions of the United States is the birthplace of Gloria Sawai?

 Minnesota was admitted as the 32nd U.S. state on May 11, 1858, created from the eastern half of the Minnesota Territory. Minnesota ( ; locally   ) is a state in the midwestern and northern regions of the United States.  The state has a large number of lakes, and is known by the slogan "Land of 10,000 Lakes".  Its official motto is "L'Étoile du Nord" (French: "Star of the North"). <SEP> North Dakota ( ; locally [ˌno̞ɹθ dəˈko̞ɾə] ) is a state in the midwestern and northern regions of the United States.  It is the 19th most extensive, but the 4th least populous, and the 4th most sparsely populated of the 50 U.S. states.  North Dakota was admitted as the 39th state to the Union on November 2, 1889.  The state capital is Bismarck, and the largest city is Fargo. <SEP> In mid-January 1888, a severe cold wave passed through the northern regions of the Rocky Mountains and Great Plains of the United States, then considered to be the northwestern region of the nation.  It led to a blizzard for the northern Plains and upper Mississippi valley where many children were trapped in schoolhouses where they froze to death.  This tragedy became known as the Schoolhouse Blizzard, Schoolchildren's Blizzard, or The Children's Blizzard.  This cold snap and blizzard were part of a month which averaged temperatures 6–12 degrees Fahrenheit below normal across much of the northern and western United States. <SEP>  She died on 20 July 2011. Gloria Sawai (20 December 1932 – 20 July 2011), born Gloria Ruth Ostrem in Minneapolis, Minnesota, was an American-born fiction author, based in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Question: Where were the olympics located the year during which Bruno Boche competed?

The 1928 Summer Olympics (Dutch: "Olympische Zomerspelen 1928"), officially known as the Games of the IX Olympiad, was an international multi-sport event which was celebrated in 1928 in Amsterdam, Netherlands.  Amsterdam had bid for the 1920 and 1924 Olympic Games, but had to give way to wartorn Antwerp, Belgium, and Pierre de Coubertin's Paris, respectively.  The only other candidate city for the 1928 Games was Los Angeles, which would host the Olympics four years later. <SEP> Bruno N'Diaye (born 5 March 1969) is a Senegalese swimmer.  He competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics and the 1992 Summer Olympics. <SEP> Bruno "Benno" Boche (May 28, 1897 in Berlin – April 1, 1972) was a German field hockey player who competed in the 1928 Summer Olympics. <SEP> Bruno Martini (born 1970) is a French team handball goalkeeper.  He competed at the 1996 Summer Olympics, where the French team placed 4th, and also at the 2000 Summer Olympics, where the team placed 6th.
Question: How long was the battle that Don Chafin was a commander in in 1921?

William H. "Bill" Blizzard (September 19, 1892 – 1958) was a union organizer, a commander of the miners' army during the Battle of Blair Mountain, and president of District 17 of the United Mine Workers.  Blizzard is most remembered for his role in the Battle of Blair Mountain, leading the miners against the forces of Logan County sheriff Don Chafin.  For his leadership role in the battle, Blizzard was charged with treason, but was acquitted at his trial on these charges.  From that time forward, he remained an important leader within the UMW and organized labor. <SEP> Chafin House, also known as Women's Club of Logan Library, is a historic home located at Logan, Logan County, West Virginia.  The house was built about 1900, and is a two story, brick and frame dwelling a generous raised foundation of rock-faced ashlar.  It has a cross-gabled roof with a gambrel front and large dormers on the sides.  The house was deeded to the Women's Club of Logan in 1946, and has served as the local public library since then.  It was the home of Sheriff Don Chafin, the infamous "Czar of Logan" and the leader of the defending forces in the Battle of Blair Mountain (1921). <SEP>  As sheriff of Logan County, Chafin was a fierce opponent of unionization and received hundreds of thousands of dollars from coal mine operators in return for his violent suppression of the United Mine Workers union. Don Chafin (June 26, 1887 – August 9, 1954) was the sheriff of Logan County, West Virginia and a commander in the Battle of Blair Mountain. <SEP> The Battle of Blair Mountain was the largest labor uprising in United States history and one of the largest, best-organized, and most well-armed uprisings since the American Civil War.  For five days in late August and early September 1921, in Logan County, West Virginia, some 10,000 armed coal miners confronted 3,000 lawmen and strikebreakers, called the Logan Defenders, who were backed by coal mine operators during an attempt by the miners to unionize the southwestern West Virginia coalfields.  The battle ended after approximately one million rounds were fired, and the United States Army intervened by presidential order.
Question: Which film director has also worked as an actor, Percy Adlon or Duccio Tessari?

Zorro is a 1975 Italian/French film based on the character created by Johnston McCulley.  Directed by Duccio Tessari, it stars French actor Alain Delon as Zorro.  Filmed in Spain, this Italian movie has many spaghetti western elements to it. <SEP>  He is best known for his film "Bagdad Café".  He is associated with the New German Cinema movement, whose "members" also include Werner Herzog and the illustrious Rainer Werner Fassbinder. Paul Rudolf Parsifal "Percy" Adlon (] ; born 1 June 1935) is a German director, screenwriter, and producer. <SEP> Duccio Tessari (11 October 1926 – 6 September 1994) was an Italian director, screenwriter and actor, considered one of the fathers of spaghetti westerns. <SEP> Róbert Koltai (born 16 December 1943) is a Hungarian actor, film director and screenwriter.  He has appeared in over 90 films since 1967.  He appeared in the 1976 film "Man Without a Name", which was entered into the 26th Berlin International Film Festival, where it won the Silver Bear for an outstanding single achievement.  He also appeared in Béla Tarr's 1981 film, "The Prefab People".  From the 1990s onwards, Koltai also worked as a successful film director.
Question: What network was the show that Carrie-Anne Moss currently portrays a character created for?

"Jessica Jones" is an American web television series created for Netflix by Melissa Rosenberg, based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name.  It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the films of the franchise, and is the second in a series of shows that will lead up to a Defenders crossover miniseries.  The series stars Krysten Ritter as Jessica Jones, with Rachael Taylor, Eka Darville, and Carrie-Anne Moss also starring.  They were joined by Mike Colter, Wil Traval, Erin Moriarty, and David Tennant for the first season, and Leah Gibson and J.R. Ramirez for the second season.  In addition to original characters, several characters from other Marvel Cinematic Universe television series and/or based on various Marvel properties also appear throughout the series. <SEP>  It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the films of the franchise, and is the second in a series of shows that lead to "The Defenders" crossover miniseries. Marvel's Jessica Jones, or simply Jessica Jones, is an American web television series created for Netflix by Melissa Rosenberg, based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name.  The series is produced by Marvel Television in association with ABC Studios and Tall Girls Productions, with Rosenberg serving as showrunner. <SEP> Trinity is a fictional character in "The Matrix" franchise.  She is portrayed by Carrie-Anne Moss in the films.  In the gameplay segments of "Path of Neo", she is voiced by Jennifer Hale.  Trinity first appears in the first film in the trilogy, "The Matrix". <SEP> Carrie-Anne Moss (born August 21, 1967) is a Canadian actress.  Moss currently portrays Jeri Hogarth in several series of the Marvel Cinematic Universe, mainly "Jessica Jones" (2015–present).  Following early roles on television, she rose to international prominence for her role of Trinity in "The Matrix" trilogy (1999–2003).  She has starred in "Memento" (2000), "Red Planet" (2000), "Chocolat" (2000), "Fido" (2006), "Snow Cake" (2006), "Disturbia" (2007), "Unthinkable" (2010), "" (2012) and "Pompeii" (2014).
Question: David Bain Oliver was a teacher of flute at a conservatoire formed in what year?

Le Merle noir ("The Blackbird") is a chamber work by the French composer Olivier Messiaen for flute and piano.  It was written and first performed in 1952 and is the composer's shortest independently published work, lasting just over five minutes.  This work has become a staple of the French flute and piano repertoire.  The composition originated in a commission for a test piece for flute for the Paris Conservatoire, at which Messiaen was a professor.  The winners of the premier prix in the Concours de flûte that year were Daniel Morlier, Jean Pierre Eustache, Jean Ornetti, Régis Calle and the British flute player Alexander Murray.  Messiaen had a consuming, lifelong interest in ornithology and particularly bird songs.  While not his first work to incorporate stylised birdsong, "Le Merle noir" was the earliest of his pieces to be based mainly on birdsong, and it foreshadows Messiaen's later, more extended birdsong-inspired pieces. <SEP> David Bain Oliver (born 21 July 1972 in Edinburgh – died December 2012 in Gloucestershire) was a Scottish flautist and teacher of flute at Trinity Laban Conservatoire of Music and Dance, formerly Trinity College of Music, London. <SEP> Bray was born in Oxford and brought up in High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire.  She studied cello and composition at Birmingham Conservatoire, graduating with First Class Honours having studied with Joe Cutler.  She then completed an MMus in composition with Distinction at the Royal College of Music, where she studied with Mark Anthony Turnage.  She participated in the Britten-Pears Contemporary Composition Course in 2007 with Oliver Knussen, Colin Matthews, and Magnus Lindberg; and studied at Tanglewood Music Centre in 2008, in 2008 with John Harbison, Michael Gandolfi, Shulamit Ran and Augusta Read Thomas.  In 2011 Charlotte is an Honorary Member of Birmingham Conservatoire and was named as their Alumni of the Year 2014 in the field of Excellence in Sport or the Arts.  Awarded the Royal Philharmonic Society Composition Prize 2010 resulted in a piano quartet commission for Cheltenham International Music Festival for which Charlotte wrote "Replay".  She was also winner of the 2014 Lili Boulanger Prize. <SEP> Trinity Laban Conservatoire of Music and Dance is a music and dance conservatoire based in London, England.  Today the conservatoire has 985 undergraduate and postgraduate students based at three campuses in Greenwich (Trinity), Deptford/New Cross (Laban) and New Cross (Laurie Grove) in London.  It was formed in 2005 as a merger of two older institutions – Trinity College of Music and Laban Dance Centre.
Question: James Mangold, is an American film and television director, screenwriter and producer, films he has directed include Logan, an American epic neo-western superhero drama film, released in which year, and  produced by Marvel Entertainment?

James Mangold (born December 16, 1963) is an American film and television director, screenwriter and producer.  Films he has directed include "Walk the Line", which he also co-wrote; "The Wolverine"; "Logan"; "Cop Land"; "Girl, Interrupted"; "Knight and Day"; and the 2007 remake "".  He also produced and directed pilots for the television series "Men in Trees" (which ran from 2006 to 2008) "NYC 22" (2011–2012) and "Vegas" (2012–2013). <SEP> The Wolverine is a 2013 superhero film featuring the Marvel Comics character Wolverine.  The film, distributed by 20th Century Fox, is the sixth installment in the "X-Men" film series.  Hugh Jackman reprises his role from previous films as the title character, with James Mangold directing a screenplay written by Scott Frank and Mark Bomback, based on the 1982 limited series "Wolverine" by Chris Claremont and Frank Miller.  In the film, which follows the events of "", Logan travels to Japan, where he engages an old acquaintance in a struggle that has lasting consequences.  Stripped of his healing factor, Wolverine must battle deadly samurai while struggling with guilt. <SEP> The Amazing Spider-Man 2 (also released as The Amazing Spider-Man 2: Rise of Electro in some markets) is a 2014 American superhero film featuring the Marvel Comics character Spider-Man.  The film was directed by Marc Webb and was produced by Avi Arad and Matt Tolmach.  It is the fifth theatrical "Spider-Man" film produced by Columbia Pictures and Marvel Entertainment, and is the sequel to 2012's "The Amazing Spider-Man", it is also the final film in "The Amazing Spider-Man" franchise.  The studio hired James Vanderbilt to write the screenplay and Alex Kurtzman and Roberto Orci to rewrite it.  The film stars Andrew Garfield as Peter Parker / Spider-Man, Emma Stone as Gwen Stacy, Dane DeHaan as Green Goblin / Harry Osborn, Campbell Scott and Embeth Davidtz as Peter's parents, and Sally Field as Aunt May, with the addition of a new cast including Paul Giamatti as Rhino / Aleksei Sytsevich and Jamie Foxx as Electro / Max Dillon. <SEP>  It is the tenth installment in the "X-Men" film series, as well as the third Wolverine solo film following "" (2009) and "The Wolverine" (2013).  The film, which takes inspiration from the "Old Man Logan" comic-book series by Mark Millar and Steve McNiven, follows an aged Wolverine defending his daughter Laura Kinney from the villainous Reavers led by Zander Rice and Donald Pierce. Logan is a 2017 American epic neo-western superhero drama film produced by Marvel Entertainment, TSG Entertainment, and The Donners' Company, and distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Question: Are T. F. Green Airport and Wichita Dwight D. Eisenhower National Airport in the same state?

The Rhode Island State Airport Terminal is a historic airport terminal located on Airport Road in Warwick, Rhode Island, at what is now known as T. F. Green Airport.  It was constructed in 1932, and added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 18, 1983. <SEP>  Opened in 1931, the airport was named for former Rhode Island governor and longtime senator Theodore F. Green. T. F. Green International Airport (officially Theodore Francis Green Memorial State Airport) (IATA: PVD, ICAO: KPVD, FAA LID: PVD) is a public international airport in Warwick, six miles (10 km) south of Providence, in Kent County, Rhode Island, United States.  Rebuilt in 1996, the renovated main terminal was named for former Rhode Island governor Bruce Sundlun.  It was the first state-owned airport in the United States. <SEP> Westport Airport (FAA LID: 71K) is a privately owned, public use airport located three nautical miles (6 km) southwest of the central business district of Wichita, a city in Sedgwick County, Kansas, United States—and is in the Class C airspace of neighboring Wichita Dwight D. Eisenhower National Airport. <SEP> Wichita Dwight D. Eisenhower National Airport (IATA: ICT, ICAO: KICT, FAA LID: ICT) is a commercial airport located about 7 mi west of downtown Wichita, Kansas, United States.  It is the largest and busiest airport in the state of Kansas.  ICT covers 3,248 acres (1,314 ha).
Question: The New Year Honours 1979 were appointments in many of the Commonwealth realms of the current Queen of the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand since what year?

The New Year Honours 1979 were appointments in many of the Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries.  They were announced on 1 January 1979 to celebrate the year passed and mark the beginning of 1979. <SEP> The Queen's Birthday Honours 1979 were appointments in many of the Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries.  The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of the Queen.  They were published for the United Kingdom in two tranches, first on 15 June 1979 and second on 25 June 1979.  Other countries' lists were published on 15 June 1979: Australia, New Zealand, Barbados, Mauritius, Fiji, Bahamas, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, and Saint Lucia. <SEP>  Additionally, she is Head of the Commonwealth and Queen of 12 countries that have become independent since her accession: Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize, Antigua and Barbuda, and Saint Kitts and Nevis. Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; born 21 April 1926 ) has been Queen of the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand since 6 February 1952. <SEP> The New Year Honours 1978 were appointments in many of the Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries, to celebrate the year passed and mark the beginning of 1978.  They were announced on 31 December 1977 for the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Mauritius, Fiji, the Bahamas, Grenada, and Papua New Guinea.
Question: Who composed Two gentleman of Verona?

Sveinn Rúnar Sigurðsson (born 24 December 1976) studied the piano under Ferenc Utassy, Jon Sigurdsson and Pavel Manazek.  Since the age of 16 he has composed music in styles ranging from modern classics to pop.  He composed two Eurovision Song Contest entries for his country, Iceland, 'Heaven' in 2004 and 'Ég les í lófa þínum' in 2007.  He holds a degree in Medicine (M.D) and stock trading. <SEP> Saint Gualfardo of Verona (or Wolfhard of Augsburg) (1070–1127) was a Swabian artisan, trader, and hermit who lived around Verona.  A hagiographical "vita" (biography) was composed, according to the Bollandists, within decades of his death, probably towards the end of the twelfth century.  In the early sixteenth century he was venerated as the patron saint of the harnessmakers' guild at Verona. <SEP> Arthur Terence Galt MacDermot (born December 18, 1928) is a Canadian-American composer, pianist and writer of musical theatre.  He won a Grammy Award for the song "African Waltz" in 1960.  His most successful musicals have been "Hair" (1967; its cast album also won a Grammy) and "Two Gentlemen of Verona" (1971).  MacDermot has also written music for film soundtracks, jazz and funk albums, and classical music, and his music has been sampled in hit hip-hop songs and albums.  He is best known for his work on "Hair", and in particular three of the songs from the show; "Aquarius", "Let the Sunshine In", and "Good Morning Starshine", all three of which were number one hits in 1969. <SEP> Two Gentlemen of Verona is a rock musical, with a book by John Guare and Mel Shapiro, lyrics by Guare and music by Galt MacDermot, based on the Shakespeare comedy of the same name.
Question: The Inspector stars as actor most notable for playing what character in "Ben-Hur"?

Terence Longdon (14 May 1922 – 23 April 2011) was an English actor.  Born "Hubert Tuelly Longdon" in Newark-on-Trent, Nottinghamshire, he was best known for his lead role in the 1950s–1960s British TV series "Garry Halliday" where he played a Biggles-like pilot who flew into various adventure situations.  In film, he was Drusus, Messala's personal aide in the film "Ben-Hur".  He was also known for his character actor roles in British television productions such as "The Sandbaggers", "Danger Man" and "The Avengers".  He was also in four of the early "Carry On" films. <SEP> Stephen Boyd (4 July 1931 – 2 June 1977) was an actor from Glengormley, County Antrim, Northern Ireland.  He received his second Golden Globe Award nomination for "Billy Rose's Jumbo" (1962).  He appeared in some 60 films, most notably as Messala in "Ben-Hur" (1959), a role that earned him the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture. <SEP>  Hart plays Lisa Held, a Dutch Jewish girl who has survived the horror of Auschwitz concentration camp. The Inspector (a.k.a. Lisa) is a 1962 CinemaScope DeLuxe Color British-American drama film directed by Philip Dunne, starring Stephen Boyd and Dolores Hart. <SEP> Sam Jaffe (March 10, 1891 – March 24, 1984) was an American actor, teacher, musician, and engineer.  In 1951, he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in "The Asphalt Jungle" (1950) and appeared in other classic films such as "Ben-Hur" (1959) and "The Day the Earth Stood Still" (1951).  He may be best remembered for playing the title role in "Gunga Din" (1939) and the High Lama in "Lost Horizon" (1937).