Question: What year was the book company that owns the publisher of Indiana Jones and the Philosopher's stone formed?

indiana jones is an american media franchise based on the adventures of dr. henry walton ``indiana ''jones, jr., a fictional professor of archaeology. it began in 1981 with the film raiders of the lost ark. a prequel, indiana jones and the temple of doom, followed in 1984, and a sequel, indiana jones and the last crusade, was released in 1989. a fourth film, indiana jones and the kingdom of the crystal skull, was released in 2008, and was the last in the series to be distributed by paramount pictures. the series was created by george lucas, and its films are directed by steven spielberg and star harrison ford as the title character. the walt disney company has owned the indiana jones intellectual property since its acquisition of lucasfilm, the series' production company, in 2012. <SEP> Max McCoy, the author of this book, also wrote three of the other Indiana Jones books for Bantam. Indiana Jones and the Philosopher's Stone is the ninth of 12 Indiana Jones novels published by Bantam Books. Published on April 1, 1995, it is preceded by "Indiana Jones and the White Witch" and followed by "Indiana Jones and the Dinosaur Eggs". <SEP> Bantam Books is an American publishing house owned entirely by parent company Random House, a subsidiary of Penguin Random House; it is an imprint of the Random House Publishing Group. It was formed in 1945 by Walter B. Pitkin, Jr., Sidney B. Kramer, and Ian and Betty Ballantine, with funding from Grosset & Dunlap and Curtis Publishing Company. It has since been purchased several times by companies including National General, Carl Lindner's American Financial and, most recently, Bertelsmann; it became part of Random House in 1998, when Bertelsmann purchased it to form Bantam Doubleday Dell. It began as a mass market publisher, mostly of reprints of hardcover books, with some original paperbacks as well. It expanded into both trade paperback and hardcover books, including original works, often reprinted in house as mass-market editions. <SEP> Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial is Random House's Spanish-language division, targeting markets in Spain and South and Central America. It is headquartered in Barcelona with locations in Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Uruguay, and the United States. Upon Bertelsmann's acquisition of Mondadori's stake in the JV, the name was kept temporarily four months. From 2001 until November 2012, it was a joint venture with Italian publisher Mondadori (Random House Mondadori). Some authors published by Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial include Dr. César Lozano, Yordi Rosado, Dr. Nancy Alvarez and Alberto Sardiñas. <SEP> the book, which was rowling's debut novel, was written between approximately june 1990 and some time in 1995. in 1990 jo rowling, as she preferred to be known, wanted to move with her boyfriend to a flat in manchester and in her words, ``one weekend after flat hunting, i took the train back to london on my own and the idea for harry potter fell into my head... a scrawny, little, black - haired, bespectacled boy became more and more of a wizard to me... i began to write philosopher's stone that very evening. although, the first couple of pages look nothing like the finished product. ''then rowling's mother died and, to cope with her pain, rowling transferred her own anguish to the orphan harry. rowling spent six years working on harry potter and the philosopher's stone, and after it was accepted by bloomsbury, she obtained a grant of £8,000 from the scottish arts council, which enabled her to plan the sequels. she sent the book to an agent and a publisher, and then the second agent she approached spent a year trying to sell the book to publishers, most of whom thought it was too long at about 90,000 words. barry cunningham, who was building a portfolio of distinctive fantasies by new authors for bloomsbury children's books, recommended accepting the book, and the eight - year - old daughter of bloomsbury's chief executive said it was`` so much better than anything else''.