Question: When did the major power that has not had Eisenhower's vice president serve as president, and recognized Gaddafi's government at an early date, stop using the gold standard?

strict separation of powers did not operate in the united kingdom, the political structure of which served in most instances[citation needed] as a model for the government created by the u.s. constitution. [citation needed] under the uk westminster system, based on parliamentary sovereignty and responsible government, parliament (consisting of the sovereign (king-in-parliament), house of lords and house of commons) was the supreme lawmaking authority. the executive branch acted in the name of the king ("his majesty's government"), as did the judiciary. the king's ministers were in most cases members of one of the two houses of parliament, and the government needed to sustain the support of a majority in the house of commons. one minister, the lord chancellor, was at the same time the sole judge in the court of chancery and the presiding officer in the house of lords. therefore, it may be seen that the three branches of british government often violated the strict principle of separation of powers, even though there were many occasions when the different branches of the government disagreed with each other. some u.s. states did not observe a strict separation of powers in the 18th century. in new jersey, the governor also functioned as a member of the state's highest court and as the presiding officer of one house of the new jersey legislature. the president of delaware was a member of the court of appeals; the presiding officers of the two houses of the state legislature also served in the executive department as vice presidents. in both delaware and pennsylvania, members of the executive council served at the same time as judges. on the other hand, many southern states explicitly required separation of powers. maryland, virginia, north carolina and georgia all kept the branches of government "separate and distinct." <SEP> eisenhower was the last president born in the 19th century, and at age 62, was the oldest man elected president since james buchanan in 1856 (president truman stood at 64 in 1948 as the incumbent president at the time of his election four years earlier). eisenhower was the only general to serve as president in the 20th century and the most recent president to have never held elected office prior to the presidency (the other presidents who did not have prior elected office were zachary taylor, ulysses s. grant, william howard taft and herbert hoover). <SEP> Yugoslavia had a liberal travel policy permitting foreigners to freely travel through the country and its citizens to travel worldwide, whereas it was limited by most Communist countries. A number[quantify] of Yugoslav citizens worked throughout Western Europe. He also met numerous celebrities. Tito met many world leaders during his rule, such as Soviet rulers Joseph Stalin, Nikita Khrushchev and Leonid Brezhnev; Egypt's Gamal Abdel Nasser, Indian politicians Jawaharlal Nehru and Indira Gandhi; British Prime Ministers Winston Churchill, James Callaghan and Margaret Thatcher; U.S. Presidents Dwight D. Eisenhower, John F. Kennedy, Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford and Jimmy Carter; other political leaders, dignitaries and heads of state that Tito met at least once in his lifetime included Che Guevara, Fidel Castro, Yasser Arafat, Willy Brandt, Helmut Schmidt, Georges Pompidou, Queen Elizabeth II, Hua Guofeng, Kim Il Sung, Sukarno, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Suharto, Idi Amin, Haile Selassie, Kenneth Kaunda, Gaddafi, Erich Honecker, Nicolae Ceaușescu, János Kádár and Urho Kekkonen. <SEP> After the 1969 coup, representatives of the Four Powers – France, the United Kingdom, the United States and the Soviet Union – were called to meet RCC representatives. Hoping to ingratiate themselves with Gaddafi, in 1970 the U.S. informed him of at least one planned counter-coup. Such attempts to form a working relationship with the RCC failed; Gaddafi was determined to reassert national sovereignty and expunge what he described as foreign colonial and imperialist influences. His administration insisted that the U.S. and U.K. remove their military bases from Libya, with Gaddafi proclaiming that "the armed forces which rose to express the people's revolution [will not] tolerate living in their shacks while the bases of imperialism exist in Libyan territory." The U.K. and U.S. quickly extended diplomatic recognition, hoping to secure the position of their military bases in Libya and fearing further instability. The British left in March and the Americans in June 1970. <SEP> He otherwise left most political activity to his Vice President, Richard Nixon. On the domestic front, he covertly opposed Joseph McCarthy and contributed to the end of McCarthyism by openly invoking the modern expanded version of executive privilege. He was a moderate conservative who continued New Deal agencies and expanded Social Security. He also launched the Interstate Highway System, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), the establishment of strong science education via the National Defense Education Act, and encouraged peaceful use of nuclear power via amendments to the Atomic Energy Act. <SEP> Many other countries followed Britain in returning to the gold standard, this was followed by a period of relative stability but also deflation. This state of affairs lasted until the Great Depression (1929 -- 1939) forced countries off the gold standard. Loans from American and French Central Banks of £50,000,000 were insufficient and exhausted in a matter of weeks, due to large gold outflows across the Atlantic. The British benefited from this departure. In September 19, 1931, speculative attacks on the pound forced Britain to abandon the gold standard. They could now use monetary policy to stimulate the economy. Australia and New Zealand had already left the standard and Canada quickly followed suit.