Question: Which battle in 1620 in Moldavia forced the Commonwealth to sign a truce favorable to Sweden?

The Treaty of Berwick (also known as the Peace of Berwick or the Pacification of Berwick) was signed on 18 June 1639 between England and Scotland.  Archibald Johnston was involved in the negotiations before King Charles was forced to sign the treaty.  The agreement, overall, officially ended the First Bishops' War even though both sides saw it only as a temporary truce.  After the treaty was signed, King Charles immediately began to gather the resources he needed in order to strengthen his armies.  At the beginning of the Second Bishops' War, the agreement was broken.  After a disastrous skirmish at Kelso between the English advance guard and the Scottish Covenanter Army, the Earl of Holland fled back to the king’s headquarters at Berwick-upon-Tweed.  The Earl of Antrim failed to establish negotiations in order to bring the Irish army over.  This, along with the unsuccessful English naval campaign at Hamilton, meant that Charles was forced to sign a truce.  He conceded to the Scots the right to a free church assembly and a free parliament.  These rights were asserted (with the right to keep the existing legal structure instead of a separate parliament) along with the extension to Scotland of The Bill of Rights (which set out the conditions and powers of a monarch) in the Treaty of Union, 1707, which united England and Wales with Scotland. <SEP> The Polish–Swedish War (1621–26) was another war in the series of conflicts between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Swedish Empire (see Polish–Swedish wars).  It began with a Swedish invasion of Polish-Lithuanian fief of Livonia.  Swedish forces succeeded in taking the city of Riga after a siege.  The Commonwealth, occupied by a serious war with Ottoman Empire (battles of Cecora and Chocim) was unable to send significant forces to stop Gustav Adolf, and was forced to sign a truce favorable to Sweden.  The Commonwealth was forced to cede Livonia north of the Dvina (Düna) river, and retained only a nominal control over Riga.  A new truce in Mitau (Jelgava, Mitawa) was signed and lasted from November 1622 to March 1625. <SEP> The Russo-Polish War of 1654–1667, also called Thirteen Years' War, First Northern War, or the War for Ukraine, was a major conflict between Tsardom of Russia and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.  Between 1655 and 1660, the Second Northern War was also fought in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, thus this period became known in Poland as "The Deluge".  The Commonwealth initially suffered defeats, but regained its ground and won most of the battles.  However its plundered economy was not able to fund the long conflict.  Facing internal crisis and civil war, Poland was forced to sign a truce.  The war ended with significant Russian territorial gains and marked the beginning of the rise of Russia as a great power in Eastern Europe. <SEP> The Battle of Cecora (also known as the "Battle of Ţuţora/Tsetsora Fields") was a battle between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (aided by rebel Moldavian troops) and Ottoman forces (backed by Nogais), fought from 17 September to 7 October 1620 in Moldavia, near the Prut River.