Question: By which century had the birth city of the director of The Tale of Sweeney Todd started becoming a prominent capital city?

nanjing ( listen; chinese: 南京, "southern capital") is the city situated in the heartland of lower yangtze river region in china, which has long been a major centre of culture, education, research, politics, economy, transport networks and tourism. it is the capital city of jiangsu province of people's republic of china and the second largest city in east china, with a total population of 8,216,100, and legally the capital of republic of china which lost the mainland during the civil war. the city whose name means "southern capital" has a prominent place in chinese history and culture, having served as the capitals of various chinese dynasties, kingdoms and republican governments dating from the 3rd century ad to 1949. prior to the advent of pinyin romanization, nanjing's city name was spelled as nanking or nankin. nanjing has a number of other names, and some historical names are now used as names of districts of the city, and among them there is the name jiangning (江寧), whose former character jiang (江, river) is the former part of the name jiangsu and latter character ning (寧, simplified form 宁, peace) is the short name of nanjing. when being the capital of a state, for instance, roc, jing (京) is adopted as the abbreviation of nanjing. although as a city located in southern part of china becoming chinese national capital as early as in jin dynasty, the name nanjing was designated to the city in ming dynasty, about a thousand years later. nanjing is particularly known as jinling (金陵, literally meaning gold mountain) and the old name has been used since the warring states period in zhou dynasty. <SEP> "hot child in the city" is a song by english-canadian musician nick gilder. it was released in june 1978 as a single from the album "city nights". it went to #1 both in canada (october 14, 1978) and in the united states (october 28, 1978). it was not his first #1 single: as the lead singer of sweeney todd, he had hit #1 in canada on june 26, 1976 (in the "rpm" listing) with the single "roxy roller", which remained at the top for three weeks. he won 2 juno awards in canada and a people's choice award in the us. according to "the billboard book of number 1 hits "it held the record for taking the longest amount of time to reach #1. the song became a platinum record. <SEP> Terminus is a 1961 British Transport Film documentary (filmed in August, 1960) directed by John Schlesinger which presents a "fly-on-the-wall" look at an ordinary day at Waterloo station in London. Along with most British Transport Films, it was produced by Edgar Anstey. It was nominated for a BAFTA Film Award for Best Documentary and, for a time, the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature, before being disqualified after it was discovered that the film was first released prior to the eligibility period. Original music was by Ron Grainer. <SEP> Westminster Abbey, rebuilt in the Romanesque style by King Edward the Confessor, was one of the grandest churches in Europe. Winchester had previously been the capital of Anglo-Saxon England, but from this time on, London became the main forum for foreign traders and the base for defence in time of war. In the view of Frank Stenton: "It had the resources, and it was rapidly developing the dignity and the political self-consciousness appropriate to a national capital." By the 11th century, London was beyond all comparison the largest town in England. <SEP> The teleplay by Peter Buckman was adapted from a story by Peter Shaw. It was broadcast in the United States by Showtime on April 19, 1998 and released on videotape in France the following month. The Tale of Sweeney Todd is a 1998 American crime-drama/horror television film directed by John Schlesinger and starring Ben Kingsley and Joanna Lumley. It later was released as a feature film in select foreign markets.