Question: What was the position of the person who defeated the last song emperor in the country where pugs are from?

The Song dynasty is divided into two distinct periods, Northern and Southern. During the Northern Song (Chinese: 北宋; 960 -- 1127), the Song capital was in the northern city of Bianjing (now Kaifeng) and the dynasty controlled most of what is now Eastern China. The Southern Song (Chinese: 南宋; 1127 -- 1279) refers to the period after the Song lost control of its northern half to the Jurchen Jin dynasty in the Jin -- Song Wars. During this time, the Song court retreated south of the Yangtze and established its capital at Lin'an (now Hangzhou). Although the Song dynasty had lost control of the traditional ``birthplace of Chinese civilization ''along the Yellow River, the Song economy was still strong, as the Southern Song Empire contained a large population and productive agricultural land. The Southern Song dynasty considerably bolstered its naval strength to defend its waters and land borders and to conduct maritime missions abroad. To repel the Jin, and later the Mongols, the Song developed revolutionary new military technology augmented by the use of gunpowder. His younger brother Kublai Khan was proclaimed the new Great Khan, though his claim was only partially recognized by the Mongols in the west. In 1234, the Jin dynasty was conquered by the Mongols, who took control of northern China, maintaining uneasy relations with the Southern Song. Möngke Khan, the fourth Great Khan of the Mongol Empire, died in 1259 while besieging the city of Chongqing. In 1271, Kublai Khan was proclaimed the Emperor of China. After two decades of sporadic warfare, Kublai Khan's armies conquered the Song dynasty in 1279. The Mongol invasion led to a reunification under the Yuan dynasty (1271 -- 1368). <SEP> He also founded the Yuan dynasty in China as a conquest dynasty in 1271, and ruled as the first Yuan emperor until his death in 1294. Kublai (; ; ) was the fifth Khagan (Great Khan) of the Mongol Empire ("Ikh Mongol Uls"), reigning from 1260 to 1294 (although due to the division of the empire this was a nominal position). <SEP> In the United Kingdom, in the nineteenth century, Queen Victoria developed a passion for pugs which she passed on to other members of the Royal family. Pugs were brought from China to Europe in the sixteenth century and were popularized in Western Europe by the House of Orange of the Netherlands, and the House of Stuart. <SEP> the tradition of estonian song festivals (laulupidu) started at the height of the estonian national awakening in 1869. today, it is one of the largest amateur choral events in the world. in 2004, about 100,000 people participated in the song festival. since 1928, the tallinn song festival grounds (lauluväljak) have hosted the event every five years in july. the last festival took place in july 2014. in addition, youth song festivals are also held every four or five years, the last of them in 2011, and the next is scheduled for 2017. <SEP> the newly allied armies captured beijing on june 6. the shunzhi emperor was invested as the "son of heaven" on october 30. the manchus, who had positioned themselves as political heir to the ming emperor by defeating the rebel li zicheng, completed the symbolic transition by holding a formal funeral for the chongzhen emperor. however the process of conquering the rest of china took another seventeen years of battling ming loyalists, pretenders and rebels. the last ming pretender, prince gui, sought refuge with the king of burma, but was turned over to a qing expeditionary army commanded by wu sangui, who had him brought back to yunnan province and executed in early 1662.