winkelee/scaling-down huggingface dataset:
Question: What Portugese poet popularized the concept of the Fifth Empire?

 He also wrote in and translated from English and French. Fernando António Nogueira Pessoa (] ; June 13, 1888 – November 30, 1935), commonly known as Fernando Pessoa, was a Portuguese poet, writer, literary critic, translator, publisher and philosopher, described as one of the most significant literary figures of the 20th century and one of the greatest poets in the Portuguese language. <SEP>  The concept became well known after the publication of the book "Mensagem", by Fernando Pessoa. The Fifth Empire (Portuguese: "Quinto Império") is a concept of a global Portuguese empire with spiritual and temporal power, based on an interpretation of Daniel 2 and the Book of Revelation, whose origins lay with António Vieira. <SEP> Rudolf Falb (born April 14, 1838 in Obdach (Styria, Austrian Empire; died September 29, 1903 in Schöneberg, German Empire) was an Austrian popularizer of natural history who concerned himself with earthquakes, meteorology, astronomy and also with evolutionary linguistics.  He developed the "lunisolar flood hypothesis" of earthquakes and volcanism, based on the concept of subterranean lava tides, which the academic community thoroughly refuted even during his lifetime; nevertheless he attained considerable popularity through apparently correct predictions of several seismic events.  Falb's lasting legacy is that he popularized the concept of extraterrestrial influences of geophysical phenomena, even though his concepts regarding the origins of earthquakes were wrong. <SEP> Sebastianism (Portuguese: sebastianismo ) is a Portuguese messianic myth, based on the belief that King Sebastian of Portugal, disappeared in the battle of Alcácer Quibir, will return to save Portugal.  The belief gained momentum after an interpretation by priest António Vieira of Daniel 2 and the Book of Revelation that foreshowed a Portuguese Fifth Empire.  In Brazil the most important manifestation of Sebastianism took place in the context of the Proclamation of the Republic, when movements emerged that defended a return to the monarchy.  It is categorised as an example of the King in the mountain folk motif, typified by people waiting for a hero to return to save them.  The Portuguese author Fernando Pessoa wrote about such an hero in his epic "Mensagem" ("The Message").
Question: In what year was the former fashion model who starred in Beautiful and Twisted born?

 The film stars Rob Lowe, Paz Vega, Seychelle Gabriel, Michelle Hurd & Candice Bergen. Beautiful & Twisted, also known as The Novack Murders is a 2015 American crime drama television film that premiered on Lifetime on January 31, 2015.  It is based upon the heavily publicized 2009 murders of Bernice Novack and her son, Ben Novack Jr. <SEP> Gail O'Neill (c. 1963) is a former fashion model, who has become a television journalist.  As a fashion model, she was considered one of the elite African American models in the world.  She has been on covers of leading fashion magazines and a part of the highly publicized "Sports Illustrated" Swimsuit Issue.  As a journalist, she has been a correspondent for a variety of US networks.  She was an original correspondent for "The Early Show" on CBS and has also worked for CNN and HGTV.  As of 2009, she continues to model actively. <SEP> Kelly Ann Hu (born February 13, 1968 ) is an American actress, voice artist, former fashion model and beauty queen.  She was Miss Teen USA 1985 and Miss Hawaii USA 1993.  Hu starred as Dr. Rae Chang on the American television soap opera "Sunset Beach" and as Michelle Chan on the American television police drama series "Nash Bridges".  She has also starred in numerous films including "The Scorpion King" (2002) as Sorceress Cassandra, "Cradle 2 the Grave" (2003) as Sona, "X2" as Yuriko Oyama/Lady Deathstrike (2003), "The Tournament" (2009) as Lai Lai Zhen, and "White Frog" (2012). <SEP>  She won five Emmy Awards and two Golden Globe Awards for her ten seasons as the title character on the CBS sitcom "Murphy Brown" (1988–98).  She is also known for her role as Shirley Schmidt on the ABC drama "Boston Legal" (2005–08). Candice Patricia Bergen (born May 9, 1946) is an American actress and former fashion model.  She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for "Starting Over" (1979), and for the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for "Gandhi" (1982).
Question: The Defenders were a professional indoor football team based in a city which as of 2015 has a population of what?

 As of July 2015, the population was 403,505, an increase of 11,599 over that reported in the 2010 Census. Tulsa is the second-largest city in the state of Oklahoma and 47th-most populous city in the United States.  It is the principal municipality of the Tulsa Metropolitan Area, a region with 981,005 residents in the MSA and 1,151,172 in the CSA.  The city serves as the county seat of Tulsa County, the most densely populated county in Oklahoma, with urban development extending into Osage, Rogers, and Wagoner counties. <SEP>  Based in Tulsa, Oklahoma, the Defenders played their home games at the Cox Business Center. The Oklahoma Defenders were a professional indoor football team and a charter member of the Champions Professional Indoor Football League (CPIFL). <SEP> The Chicago Pythons were a professional indoor football team based in Homer Glen, Illinois.  The team was a member of the Continental Indoor Football League (CIFL).  The Pythons joined the CIFL in 2012 as an expansion team under the name "Chicago Vipers".  They changed their name to the "Chicago Pythons" four weeks into the season.  The Pythons were the third indoor football team based in the Chicago area.  The Chicago Rush of the Arena Football League were based in Rosemont, and the Chicago Slaughter of the Indoor Football League are based in Hoffman Estates.  The Pythons replaced the Chicago Knights, formerly the Chicago Cardinals, as the Illinois-based CIFL team, which replaced the Slaughter after they left for the Indoor Football League after a dispute with CIFL management.  The Owner of the Pythons was Michael Duran.  The Pythons were supposed to play their home games at The Megaplex in Homer Glen, Illinois, but the team never hosted a home game. <SEP> The Wichita Wild were a professional indoor football team based in Wichita, Kansas.  They were members of the Champions Professional Indoor Football League (CPIFL).  The team was founded in 2006 as an independent indoor football franchise.  In 2008, the team joined United Indoor Football (UIF).  They joined the Indoor Football League (IFL) during the UIF and Intense Football League merger of 2009.  In 2012, the team left the IFL to become charter members of the CPIFL.  The Wild's home games were played at Hartman Arena in nearby Park City.  When they lost their lease with the Hartman Arena, they folded. .
Question: Pigs of the Roman Empire featured the guitarist from an American rock band from Los Angeles, California, formed in what year?

The discography of Bad Religion, an American punk rock band, consists of 16 studio albums, two live albums, four compilation albums, one box set, two extended plays (EPs), 29 singles, five video albums and 23 music videos. Formed in Los Angeles, California in 1980, the band originally featured vocalist Greg Graffin, guitarist Brett Gurewitz, bassist Jay Bentley and drummer Jay Ziskrout, who released their self-titled debut EP in February 1981 on Gurewitz's label Epitaph Records.  Pete Finestone replaced Ziskrout before the release of the band's full-length debut album "How Could Hell Be Any Worse? " in 1982.  The following year's "Into the Unknown" featured bassist Paul Dedona and drummer Davy Goldman, before Bentley and Finestone returned to the band and Greg Hetson joined as second guitarist. <SEP> The Los Angeles flood of 1938 was one of the largest floods in the history of Los Angeles, Orange, and Riverside Counties in southern California.  The flood was caused by two Pacific storms that swept across the Los Angeles Basin in February-March 1938 and generated almost one year's worth of precipitation in just a few days.  Between 113–115 people were killed by the flooding.  The Los Angeles, San Gabriel and Santa Ana Rivers burst their banks, inundating much of the coastal plain, the San Fernando and San Gabriel Valleys, and the Inland Empire.  Flood control structures spared parts of Los Angeles County from destruction, while Orange and Riverside Counties experienced more damage. <SEP>  Formed in 1990, the group's line-up includes drummer Danny Carey, guitarist Adam Jones, and vocalist Maynard James Keenan.  Justin Chancellor has been the band's bassist since 1995, replacing their original bassist Paul D'Amour.  Tool has won three Grammy Awards, performed worldwide tours, and produced albums topping the charts in several countries. Tool is an American rock band from Los Angeles, California. <SEP>  Adam Jones, guitarist for Tool, also makes substantial contributions to the album. Pigs of the Roman Empire is an album by the American alternative metal group Melvins and electronic musician Lustmord, which was released in 2004 through Ipecac Recordings.
Question: Which University, Capitol Technology University or University of the Aegean, is located closer to Italy?

 It is located on 52 acres in unincorporated South Laurel, Maryland in Prince George's County, west of the Baltimore–Washington Parkway between Laurel-Bowie Road to the north and Powder Mill Road to the south. Capitol Technology University (formerly Capitol College) is a private, nonprofit, nonsectarian, regionally-accredited university northeast of Washington, DC. <SEP> Hansung University Station (Korean:한성대입구역) is a station on the Seoul Subway Line 4.  It is also called Samseongyo Station.  The university with the same name is about a half-mile away from this station.  The Holy Spirit Campus of the Catholic University of Korea is located closer, to the southwest. <SEP> Snowy Owl (Xue-Xiao or Xuexiao 雪枭) I is a Chinese experimental UAV developed by Beijing Information Science and Technology University Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Technology Research Association (UAVA, 北京信息科技大学无人航空器技术研究协会) of Beijing Information Science & Technology University.  Snow Owl I is unique among Chinese UAVs in that for a fixed-wing UAV with conventional layout, it has most numerous engines installed, totaling four.  The reason for having four engines is because Snow Owl I is designed as a testbed for micro pulse jet engine, two of which are installed under the wing, while a pair of electrically powered propeller engines are also installed under the wing on outboard pylons as auxiliary and reserve power units. <SEP>  The university was officially founded in 1984, although its historical roots date back to the early 1920s, to the Ionian University of Smyrna ("Ex Oriente Lux", Light from the East) which while established never operated. The University of the Aegean (Greek: Πανεπιστήμιο Αιγαίου ) is a state, multi-campus university located in Lesvos, Chios, Samos, Rhodes, Syros and Lemnos, Greece.
Question: Which documentary was screened at Cannes, The World Without US or The Thorn in the Heart?

The Thorn in the Heart (French: "L'épine dans le coeur" ) is a 2009 French documentary film directed by Michel Gondry.  It was given a special screening at the 2009 Cannes Film Festival and was also screened at the Sheffield Doc/Fest. <SEP> The World Without US is a documentary film created by Mitch Anderson and Jason J. Tomaric.  Released in 2008, the documentary explores what might happen if the United States were to leave the international arena, rescind its global reach and become an isolationist nation for the first time since the early 20th century. <SEP> Founded on September 6, 2006, the Center for Chilean-American Studies (CCAS) is an organization which seeks to promote public awareness about the presence of immigrants from Chile in North America.  As the center's founding constitution states, " Chilean-Americans bring a diverse heritage to North America."  The motto of the organization is simply "Un mundo sin Chilenos es un mundo sin corazon."  In English, this translates roughly into "A world without Chileans is a world without a heart." <SEP> It's Hard to Move You is the second full-length album by A Thorn for Every Heart.  The band began recording in late 2005/early 2006 with producer Matt Squire (Panic!  at the Disco, The Receiving End of Sirens).  They initially claimed to be done recording in January 2006 with a summer 2006 release date, but was sent back to the studio by the label, recording additional songs with Mark Hoppus of Blink-182.  The album was later set to be released on July 31, 2007, but was shelved when Interscope shut-down Kickball Records, leaving all Kickball projects in limbo and A Thorn For Every Heart without a label.  The album was leaked completely online on June 1st, 2007.
Question: Which one is the most cold-hardy palms in the world, Halimodendron or Rhapidophyllum?

Rhapidophyllum hystrix, the needle palm, is a palm, the sole member of the genus Rhapidophyllum.  It is native to the subtropical southeastern United States.  Endemic populations can be found from coastal southeast South Carolina, southward to Florida and west across the coastal plain of Mississippi and southern Alabama.  It is one of the most cold-hardy palms in the world, and can be found growing in several areas with warm temperate climates. <SEP> Halimodendron is a monotypic genus of legume containing the single species Halimodendron halodendron, which is known by several common names, including common salt tree and Russian salt tree.  It is closely related to the genus "Caragana".  It is native to Russia and southern Asia, but it can be found on other continents where it is an introduced species, and one that is often a noxious weed.  This is a deciduous spiny shrub sprawling to a few meters in maximum width and up to three meters tall.  Stems branch from the base and bear clusters of about four leaflets on sharp spurs.  The ends of branches narrow to spines.  Flowers also appear at the ends of spurs in clusters of two to four pink pealike blossoms each one to two centimeters wide.  The fruit is a black woody inflated pod about 2 centimeters long containing legume seeds.  The plant has a deep and wide root system, with the lateral roots sending up new shoots.  In this manner the plant forms extensive thickets.  When introduced to an area of suitable climate, such as California where it is a known weed, it can invade cultivated land and spread relatively quickly.  It is tolerant of saline soils. <SEP> Chamaerops is a genus of flowering plants in the palm family Arecaceae.  The only currently fully accepted species is Chamaerops humilis, variously called European fan palm, or the Mediterranean dwarf palm.  It is one of the most cold-hardy palms used in landscaping in temperate climates. <SEP> The Samadhi Statue is a statue situated at Mahamevnāwa Park in Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka.  The Buddha is depicted in the position of the "Dhyana Mudra," the posture of meditation associated with his first Enlightenment.  Whether the Buddha's Enlightenment was the experience technically called samadhi, or some other phenomenon, may depend upon the philosophical allegiance of the believer.  In the Dhyana Mudra the Buddha sits cross-legged with his upturned palms placed one over the other on his lap.  This position is universally known throughout the Buddhist world, and this statue is therefore one of the most typical pieces of Buddhist sculpture.  It is not to be confused with the very similar "Earth-Touching Mudra," which depicts the simple action the Buddha took to fend off the illusions projected by Mara, who was desperate to prevent the Buddha from realizing that his, Mara's, projections, and with them the entire world, are an illusion.  This statue is 8 feet in height and carved from granite.
Question: A former Football captain of the largest co-educational, open-entry and boarding school in Melbourne, Australia was once acquitted of what serious crime?

Dandenong High School is one of the largest co-educational government schools in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.  The school caters for students from Years 7 to 12.  At the start of 2007, Dandenong High School, Cleeland Secondary College and Doveton Secondary College officially merged to become the new Dandenong High School, as part of the Federal Government's Building the Education Revolution.  As of 2013, the school has 179 teaching and 54 non-teaching staff, as well as 1919 students, who come from 66 different cultural backgrounds.  Stages 1 and 2 of the Dandenong Education Precinct Project have been completed as of 2011, whilst $10 million has been approved for a part of the final stage of work, Stage 3.  The 2012-13 State Budget made provisions for $9.4M for the rest of Stage 3 to be completed. <SEP> Bosei Sports High School (Danish: Idrætshøjskolen Bosei ) is a folk high school (non-degree granting educational institution for adults) in Præstø, Denmark, in the campus of the former Tokai University Boarding School in Denmark, a Japanese boarding school.  This school was established by local Danish authorities in conjunction with Tokai University, which had operated the boarding school. <SEP>  Established in 1866, the college is a school of the Uniting Church in Australia. Wesley College, Melbourne is an independent, co-educational, open-entry and boarding school in Melbourne, Australia.  Wesley is the largest school in Australia by enrolment, with 3,100 students and over 1,300 staff. <SEP> John Henry "Harry" Prout (27 April 1887 – 13 January 1956) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Essendon in the Victorian Football League (VFL).  He was involved in a murder trial in 1911 as one of five accused, but was acquitted of the charge against him.  A former Wesley College captain, Prout played for Essendon from 1908 to 1910.
Question: Which Netflix show stars the American actress who stars alongside Ken Jeong in Rapture-Palooza?

Ana Kristina Gasteyer (born May 4, 1967) is an American actress of stage, film, and television.  She is best known from her television roles such as being a cast member on the sketch comedy series "Saturday Night Live" from 1996 to 2002, and her sitcom roles on ABC's "Suburgatory," Netflix's "Lady Dynamite" and TBS's "People of Earth". <SEP> Advantageous is a 2015 American drama film directed by Jennifer Phang and written by Jacqueline Kim and Jennifer Phang.  The film stars Jacqueline Kim, James Urbaniak, Freya Adams, Ken Jeong, Jennifer Ehle, and Samantha Kim.  The film was released exclusively to Netflix on June 23, 2015. <SEP> Despicable Me 2 is a 2013 American 3D computer-animated comedy film and the sequel to the 2010 animated film "Despicable Me".  Produced by Illumination Entertainment for Universal Pictures and animated by Illumination Mac Guff, the film was directed by Pierre Coffin and Chris Renaud, and written by Cinco Paul and Ken Daurio.  Steve Carell, Russell Brand, Miranda Cosgrove, Elsie Fisher, and Dana Gaier reprise their roles as Gru, Dr. Nefario, Margo, Agnes, and Edith respectively.  Kristen Wiig, who played Miss Hattie in the first film, voices agent Lucy Wilde, while Ken Jeong, who played the Talk Show Host, voices Floyd Eagle-san.  New cast members include Benjamin Bratt as Eduardo "El Macho" Pérez and Steve Coogan as Silas Ramsbottom, head of the fictional Anti-Villain League (AVL). <SEP> Rapture-Palooza (also known as Ecstasy) is a 2013 American fantasy-comedy film written by Chris Matheson and directed by Paul Middleditch.  The film stars Anna Kendrick and John Francis Daley as a young couple who battle their way through a religious apocalypse on a mission to defeat "The Beast" (Craig Robinson).  The film also stars Ken Jeong, Rob Corddry, Thomas Lennon, Tyler Labine, Paul Scheer, Calum Worthy, John Michael Higgins, and Ana Gasteyer.
Question: Voyvodinovo is a village  2 km to the east of a city that has evidence of habitation since what time period?

 It is an important economic, transport, cultural, and educational center. Plovdiv (Bulgarian: Пловдив , ] ) is the second-largest city in Bulgaria, with a population of 341,567 inhabitants as of 2015 , while 675,586 live in its metro area.  Plovdiv has evidence of habitation since the 6th millennium BC when the first Neolithic settlements were established.  It is said to be one of the oldest cities in Europe. <SEP> Ash Hole Cavern is a limestone cave system in Brixham, Devon, England.  There is evidence of human habitation since Neolithic times, and archaeological excavations have been conducted, with several artefacts found.  It has been a scheduled ancient monument since 1966. <SEP> The Ngaro People were a seafaring Australian Aborigine group of people that inhabited the Whitsunday Islands and coastal regions of Queensland, in an area that archaeologically shows evidence of human habitation since 9000 BP.  Ngaro society was destroyed by warfare with traders, colonists, and the Australian Native Police.  The Native Police Corps forcibly relocated the remaining Ngaro aborigines in 1870 to a penal colony on Palm Island or to the lumber mills of Brampton Island as forced laborers. <SEP>  As of 2006 it has 2,018 inhabitants. Voyvodinovo (Bulgarian: Войводиново ) is a village in the Plovdiv Province, southern Bulgaria.  It is one of the biggest villages in the Maritsa Municipality and is at 2 km to the east of Plovdiv.  There are mineral waters in the village.
Question: Which mine creased production first, Colomac Mine and Con Mine?

 The Con Mine entered production in 1938 and ceased operations in 2003. The Con Mine (1938-2003) was the first gold mine developed in the Northwest Territories, Canada, just south of Yellowknife.  The property was staked by Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada (Cominco) in September 1935 in response to the discovery of visible gold nearby; the name "Con" is an abbreviation of "Consolidated".  The advent of winter prevented any prospecting from being conducted, but work in the summer of 1936 led to the discovery of numerous gold veins.  It has produced over 5000000 ozt of gold from 12,195,585 tons of ore processed.  The mine was over 6000 ft deep. <SEP> Colomac Airport (TC LID: CFY8) , was located near Colomac Mine in the Northwest Territories, Canada where caribou may be found on the runway.  Prior permission was required to land except in the case of an emergency. <SEP>  The Colomac mine operated between 1990–1992, and 1994–1997.  It was operated by Neptune Resources Limited that had little success in making a profit during its operation.  In 1994, the mine had reopened under Royal Oak Mines Inc.  Both Neptune Resources and Royal Oak Mines where both owned and operated by Peggy Witte.  Due to low gold prices and high cost of mining, Royal Oak Mines was forced into bankruptcy. The Colomac Mine was a privately owned and operated open pit gold mine located 220 km northwest of Yellowknife in the Northwest Territories in Canada .  The Federal Government of Canada became owners of the mine, along with the related environmental issues.  A major cleanup effort is under way to prevent the mine from polluting the environment, but this might be too late at this stage.  This mine is now owned and controlled by the Indigenous and Northern Affairs department of the Federal government, while Public Works and Government services is the current contracting authority. <SEP> Negus Mine was a gold producer at Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Canada, from 1939 to 1952.  It produced 255,807 troy ounces (7956 kg) of gold from 490,808 tons of ore milled.  The underground workings were acquired by adjacent Con Mine in 1953 and were used for ventilation purposes until Con Mine closed in 2003.
Question: Heritage of Satan is the ninth studio album by Czech black/heavy metal band Root and counts with many guest musicians, such as a Polish musician who was also a what?

Marcin "Martin" Rygiel, (born 30 April 1983 in Krosno, Poland), is a Polish musician, best known as the former bass guitarist of the technical death metal band Decapitated from 1997 to 2007, leaving several months before their hiatus.  He was also a member of the avant-garde metal/black metal band Lux Occulta from 1998 until their hiatus in 2002.  In June 2008, Rygiel toured with the death metal band Vader as a session musician.  In 2010, Rygiel joined California-based death metal band Annihilated as their bassist until 2013.  He was the bassist for the Egyptian-American death metal band Nader Sadek from 2014 to 2015. <SEP> Kärgeräs – Return from Oblivion is the tenth studio album by Czech black/heavy metal band Root.  Originally announced on 28 September 2016, it was eventually released on 25 November through Agonia Records, and is their first studio album in 5 years since "Heritage of Satan".  As the title implies, it is a concept album that serves as a sequel to their previous 1996 release, "Kärgeräs".  Two songs off the album, "Life of Demon" and "Moment of Fright", were released in advance as teasers on their record label's official Bandcamp page as well as on YouTube. <SEP> Heritage of Satan is the ninth studio album by Czech black/heavy metal band Root, released on 25 October 2011 through Agonia Records.  It was their first album to be released by Agonia, as well as their last one with guitarist Marek "Ashok" Šmerda, who left the band three years later to join Cradle of Filth.  The album counts with many guest musicians, such as Erik Danielsson from Watain (who also provided its cover art), Nergal from Behemoth, and Blasphemer from Mayhem, Aura Noir and Ava Inferi. <SEP> Adam Nergal Darski (born Adam Michał Darski; 10 June 1977 in Gdynia) is a Polish musician and television personality, best known for being the frontman for the black/death metal band Behemoth.
Question: When was the constituent college founded in which Francis Rosslyn Courtenay Bruce was educated?

St John's College is a constituent college of the University of Oxford.  Founded in 1555 by the merchant Sir Thomas White, intended to provide a source of educated Roman Catholic clerics to support the Counter-Reformation under Queen Mary.  St John's is the wealthiest college in Oxford, with a financial endowment of £442.2 million as of 2015, largely due to nineteenth century suburban development of land in the city of Oxford of which it is the ground landlord. <SEP>  He was educated at St Edward's School, Oxford and Worcester College, Oxford. He was the grandson of Sir James Bruce, 2nd Baronet who fought at Waterloo; son of Lloyd Stuart Bruce, a Canon of York from 1873 to 1876 nephew of Archbishop William Thompson; brother of Kathleen Scott (and brother in law of Robert Falcon Scott); and father of Verily Anderson.  During his years at Oxford he stood for the Presidency of the Union but was beaten by Hilaire Belloc; instead becoming Secretary.  He was ordained deacon in 1897, and priest in 1898.  After curacies in Dinting Vale and Soho he was Rector of Clifton with Glapton from 1904 to 1912; a Chaplain to the Forces; the incumbent at St Augustine, Edgbaston from 1912 to 1923 and lived at the vicarage at 4 Manor Road, the next door neighbour of Sir Gilbert Barling. <SEP> Worcester College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England.  The college was founded in 1714 by the benefaction of Sir Thomas Cookes, a Worcestershire baronet, with the college gaining its name from the county of Worcestershire.  Its predecessor, Gloucester College, had been an institution of learning on the same site since the late 13th century until the Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1539. <SEP> Christ's College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge.  The college includes the Master, the Fellows of the College, and about 450 undergraduate and 170 graduate students.  The college was founded by William Byngham in 1437 as God's House.  In 1505, the college was granted a new royal charter, was given a substantial endowment by Lady Margaret Beaufort, and changed its name to Christ's College, becoming the twelfth of the Cambridge colleges to be founded in its current form.  The college is renowned for educating some of Cambridge's most famous alumni, including Charles Darwin and John Milton.
Question: Do the United States Supreme Court cases Grutter v. Bollinger and Frontiero v. Richardson both relate to preventing discrimination?

Frontiero v. Richardson, 411 U.S. 677 (1973) , was a landmark United States Supreme Court case which decided that benefits given by the United States military to the family of service members cannot be given out differently because of sex. <SEP> Fisher v. University of Texas, 570 U.S. ___ (2013) , also known as Fisher I (to distinguish it from the 2016 case), is a United States Supreme Court case concerning the affirmative action admissions policy of the University of Texas at Austin.  The Supreme Court voided the lower appellate court's ruling in favor of the University and remanded the case, holding that the lower court had not applied the standard of strict scrutiny, articulated in "Grutter v. Bollinger" (2003) and "Regents of the University of California v. Bakke" (1978), to its admissions program.  The Court's ruling in "Fisher" took "Grutter" and "Bakke" as given and did not directly revisit the constitutionality of using race as a factor in college admissions. <SEP>  Justice Sandra Day O'Connor, writing for the majority in a 5–4 decision and joined by Justices Stevens, Souter, Ginsburg, and Breyer, ruled that the University of Michigan Law School had a compelling interest in promoting class diversity.  The court held that a race-conscious admissions process that may favor "underrepresented minority groups", but that also took into account many other factors evaluated on an individual basis for every applicant, did not amount to a quota system that would have been unconstitutional under "Regents of the University of California v. Bakke". Grutter v. Bollinger, 539 U.S. 306 (2003), was a landmark case in which the United States Supreme Court upheld the affirmative action admissions policy of the University of Michigan Law School. <SEP> Hollingsworth v. Perry refers to a series of United States federal court cases that legalized same-sex marriage in the State of California.  The case began in 2009 in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California, which found that banning same-sex marriage violates equal protection under the law.  This decision overturned ballot initiative Proposition 8, which had banned same-sex marriage.  After the State of California refused to defend Proposition 8, the official sponsors of Proposition 8 intervened and appealed to the Supreme Court.  The case was litigated during the governorships of both Arnold Schwarzenegger and Jerry Brown, and was thus known as Perry v. Schwarzenegger and Perry v. Brown, respectively.  As "Hollingsworth v. Perry", it eventually reached the United States Supreme Court, which held that, in line with prior precedent, the official sponsors of a ballot initiative measure did not have Article III standing to appeal an adverse federal court ruling when the state refused to do so.
Question: How many principal campuses does the college which Mike Bellamy enrolled in after he played for the Clemson Tigers?

The 2009 Gator Bowl was played on January 1, 2009 as part of the 2008 College Football season.  It featured the Nebraska Cornhuskers, who finished tied for first in the Big 12 Conference's North Division with Missouri, and the Clemson Tigers, who finished fifth in the Atlantic Coast Conference's Atlantic Division.  Nebraska scored 16 unanswered points to beat Clemson after being down 21-10 in the third quarter.  This game was the first meeting between the Clemson Tigers and the Nebraska Cornhuskers since the 1982 Orange Bowl where Clemson defeated Nebraska for their first national title.  This was the second game between both schools with Nebraska evening up the record. <SEP> East Mississippi Community College (EMCC), formerly known as East Mississippi Junior College (EMJC), is a community college in Mississippi.  EMCC serves and is supported by Clay, Kemper, Lauderdale, Lowndes, Noxubee and Oktibbeha counties in east central Mississippi.  One of fifteen community colleges in Mississippi, EMCC is the home of the 2011, 2013 and 2014 NJCAA National Championship EMCC Lions Football team.  The college has two principal campuses and offers courses at five other locations. <SEP>  He played the Clemson Tigers football team in 2011, but was ruled academically ineligible for the 2012 fall semester. Michael Bellamy (born October 16, 1991) is a former American football running back.  He spent time in college with Fort Valley State.  He then enrolled at East Mississippi Community College, where he took part in off-season practice but was eventually dismissed for an undisclosed violation of team policy.  He subsequently enrolled at Eastern Arizona College, where he played for the 2012 season, before transferring to the historically black Fort Valley State. <SEP> David Hope Sadler (October 12, 1882 – August 29, 1931) was an American football player for John Heisman's Clemson Tigers of Clemson University.  He was captain of the SIAA champion 1902 and 1903 Clemson Tigers football teams coached by Heisman, selected All-Southern the same years.  One publication reads "Vetter Sitton and Hope Sadler were the finest ends that Clemson ever had perhaps."  Sitton played on the left; Sadler on the right.
Question: What author wrote a story about a  Dutch-American villager attributed to fictional historian Diedrich Knickerbocker?

Miracles from Heaven: A Little Girl, Her Journey to Heaven, and Her Amazing Story of Healing is a memoir written by an American author Christy Beam, released on April 14, 2015.  The author wrote the book about her own sick daughter Annabel Beam. <SEP> Roverandom is a novella by J.R.R. Tolkien, originally told in 1925, about the adventures of a young dog, Rover.  In the story, an irritable wizard turns Rover into a toy, and Rover goes to the moon and under the sea in order to find the wizard again to turn him back into a normal-sized dog.  The author wrote "Roverandom" for his son Michael to amuse him upon the loss of his favorite toy, a little leaden dog which he lost on a beach of grey shingle stones the same size and colour as the toy.  The work is in tone a children's story, but contains many allusions and references in the manner of "Farmer Giles of Ham".  "Roverandom" was included in the collection "Tales from the Perilous Realm" from its 2009 reprinting onwards. <SEP> "Rip Van Winkle" is a short story by American author Washington Irving published in 1819.  Written while Irving was living in Birmingham, England, it is part of a collection entitled "The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.  The story's title character is a Dutch-American villager living around the time of the American Revolutionary War. " Although the story is set in New York's Catskill Mountains, Irving later admitted, "When I wrote the story, I had never been on the Catskills." <SEP>  It was published serially throughout 1819 and 1820.  The collection includes two of Irving's best-known stories, attributed to the fictional Dutch historian Diedrich Knickerbocker, "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" and "Rip Van Winkle". The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent., commonly referred to as The Sketch Book, is a collection of 34 essays and short stories written by American author Washington Irving.  It also marks Irving's first use of the pseudonym "Geoffrey Crayon", which he would continue to employ throughout his literary career.
Question: Who played more instruments in their respective bands, Heidi Newfield or Roger Waters?

 She was lead singer, rhythm guitarist and harmonica player for the group Trick Pony, alongside Keith Burns and Ira Dean from 1996 until 2006, when she left in pursuit of a solo career. Heidi Newfield (born October 4, 1970) is an American country music artist.  Newfield has begun her solo career on Curb Records, debuting in 2008 with the single, "Johnny & June."  This song, which peaked at No. 11 on the Hot Country Songs charts, is the first release from her solo debut album, "What Am I Waiting For", which has produced a second Top 30 country hit, "Cry Cry ('Til the Sun Shines)." <SEP> "Pour Me" is a debut song recorded by American country music group Trick Pony.  It was released in October 2000 as the first single from their debut album "Trick Pony".  The song was written by group members Keith Burns, Ira Dean and Heidi Newfield with Rory Waters Beighley and Sammy Harp Wedlock. <SEP>  In 1965, he co-founded the progressive rock band Pink Floyd with drummer Nick Mason, keyboardist Rick Wright, and guitarist, singer, and songwriter Syd Barrett. George Roger Waters (born 6 September 1943) is an English singer, songwriter, bassist, and composer.  Waters initially served as the group's bassist, but following the departure of Barrett in 1968, he also became their lyricist, co-lead vocalist, and conceptual leader. <SEP> Burns & Poe was an American country music duo composed of Keith Burns and Michelle Poe.  The duo was founded in 2007 after Burns left the group Trick Pony.  Poe was once a solo artist for DreamWorks Nashville, and later played bass guitar for Dierks Bentley and Hank Williams, Jr. The two met in 2007 while Burns was holding auditions to recruit a new lead singer for Trick Pony after Aubrey Collins (who had replaced original lead singer Heidi Newfield just months earlier) left.
Question: Yewbarrow is a fell in the English lake district that lies immediately north of the head of what lake that is almost 3 miles long and more than 1/3 mile wide? 

 It is 628 metres high and in shape resembles the upturned hull of a boat or a barrow.  Yewbarrow is on the left in the classic view of Great Gable and Wast Water. Yewbarrow is a fell in the English Lake District which lies immediately north of the head of Wast Water. <SEP> Coniston Water in Cumbria is the third largest lake in the English Lake District.  It is five miles long by half a mile wide (8 km by 800 m), has a maximum depth of 184 feet (56 m), and covers an area of 1.89 sqmi .  The lake has an elevation of 143 feet (44 m) above sea level.  It drains to the sea via the River Crake. <SEP> Crummock Water is a lake in the Lake District in Cumbria, North West England situated between Buttermere to the south and Loweswater to the north.  Crummock Water is 2.5 miles long, 0.75 mile wide and 140 feet deep.  The River Cocker is considered to start at the north of the lake, before then flowing into Lorton Vale.  The hill of Mellbreak runs the full length of the lake on its western side; as Alfred Wainwright described it 'no pairing of hill and lake in Lakeland have a closer partnership than these'. <SEP> Wast Water or Wastwater ( ) is a lake located in Wasdale, a valley in the western part of the Lake District National Park, England.  The lake is almost 3 mi long and more than 1/3 mile wide.  It is the deepest lake in England at 258 ft , and is owned by the National Trust.  It is one of the finest examples of a glacially 'over-deepened' valley.  The surface of the lake is about 200 feet above sea level, while its bottom is over 50 feet below sea level.
Question: Which national beauty pageant crowned Rachita Kumar the winner in 1981 and is organized by The Times Group?

 She later represented her country in the Miss Universe 1981. Rachita Kumar (a.k.a. Ruchita Kumar, born c. 1959) now known as Nandini Thackersey was the winner of Miss India title in the year 1981. <SEP> The Miss Nicaragua contest is the national beauty pageant of Nicaragua and is a franchise of Silhuetas modeling agency.  Each Nicaraguan department may choose a representative who then enters the Miss Nicaragua finals, traditionally held at the Rubén Darío National Theater.  The winner is crowned at the conclusion of the final competition.  The pageant has been held since 1955 and is responsible for selecting the country's representatives to Miss Universe and Miss International (amongst others).  The winner goes to Miss Universe and the 1st runner-up to Miss International. <SEP> Grasim Mr. India ("formerly Adonis - Graviera Man Of The Year") was a national Male beauty pageant in India that annually selected representatives to compete globally at Mr. International, Mister World, Mr. Intercontinental and Best Model Of the World.  In the years 1996 and 1998, the winner of the contest represented India at Mister World contest.  Later the title was changed to "Mr. India" International and the winner was sent to compete at Mr. International pageant.  Later in 2007, Hayward 5000 organized Mr India pageant and the winner was sent to Mister World.  In 2010 and 2012, Grasim Mr. India again sent its winner to Mister World and the title was renamed Mr India World.  Since 2014, The Times Group owns the right to organize Mr India World contest and its winner represents India at Mister World. <SEP> Miss India or Femina Miss India is a national beauty pageant in India that annually selects representatives to compete in Miss World.  It is organised by "Femina", a women's magazine published by The Times Group.
Question: Who was the South African anti-apartheid activist that Mthuli ka Shezi's writings reflect?

 He was a student activist when he attended the University of Zululand, and in 1972 he was elected the first vice president of the Black People's Convention. Mthuli ka Shezi (1947 - 1972) was a South African playwright and political activist.  His writing reflected the struggle of recovering African identity in colonial and post-colonial societies , a topic which reflects his involvement in Steve Biko's Black Consciousness Movement as well as the influence of Frantz Fanon. <SEP>  Ideologically an African nationalist and African socialist, he was at the forefront of a grassroots anti-apartheid campaign known as the Black Consciousness Movement during the late 1960s and 1970s. Bantu Stephen Biko (18 December 1946 – 12 September 1977) was a South African anti-apartheid activist.  His ideas were articulated in a series of articles published under the pseudonym Frank Talk. <SEP> Letitia Sibeko (born 1930) was a South African anti-apartheid activist.  She was member of the African National Congress, the ANC Women's League as well as the Federation of South African Women.  She later joined the Communist Party. <SEP> Sheena Duncan (7 December 1932 – 4 May 2010) was a South African anti-Apartheid activist and counselor.  Duncan was the daughter of Jean Sinclair, one of the co-founders of the Black Sash, a group of white, middle-class South African women who offered support to black South Africans and advocated the non-violent abolishment of the Apartheid system.  Duncan served two terms as the leader of Black Sash.
Question: Who directed a film overseen by the president of a a Japanese video game developer and publisher based in Fukuoka known for Professor Layton?

Professor Layton and the Eternal Diva (レイトン教授と永遠の歌姫 , Reiton-kyōju to Eien no Utahime ) , also known as Professor Layton: The First Movie (レイトン教授 ザ・ファースト・ムービー , Reiton-kyōju Za Fāsuto Mūbī ) , is a 2009 anime mystery comedy-drama film directed by Masakazu Hashimoto and produced by P.A.Works and OLM.  The film is based on the "Professor Layton" video game series by Level-5, taking place between the events of the video games "Professor Layton and the Last Specter" and "Professor Layton and the Miracle Mask". <SEP> Professor Layton and the Diabolical Box, known in Australia and Europe as Professor Layton and Pandora's Box, is the second game in the "Professor Layton" series by Level-5.  It was followed by a third game, "Professor Layton and the Unwound Future".  The game follows Professor Layton and his self-proclaimed apprentice Luke as they travel cross-country by train to solve the mystery behind a mysterious box that is said to kill anyone who opens it. <SEP>  The company, which employs around 280 individuals, was founded in October 1998 by Akihiro Hino, after he departed from the now defunct Japanese developer Riverhillsoft. Level-5 Inc. (株式会社レベルファイブ , Kabushiki-gaisha Reberu Faibu ) is a Japanese video game developer and publisher based in Fukuoka, who are best known for their "Professor Layton", "Inazuma Eleven", "Ni no Kuni", and "Yo-kai Watch" franchises. <SEP> Yo-kai Watch Shadowside: Oni-ō no Fukkatsu (映画 妖怪ウォッチ シャドウサイド 鬼王の復活 , Eiga Yōkai Wotchi Shadousaido Onio no Fukkatsu , "Yo-kai Watch Shadowside the Movie: Resurrection of the Demon King") is an upcoming Japanese supernatural anime film produced by OLM, Inc. and distributed by Toho.  It is the fourth film in the "Yo-kai Watch" film series, following the 2016 film "" and the first film set 30 years after the original anime.  It is slated to be released on Japanese theaters on December 6, 2017.  It is directed by Shinji Ushiro and written by Yoichi Kato, with Level-5 president Akihiro Hino overseeing the production, including the film's script.
Question: Hawaii Route 31 begins in at an intersection with Hawaii Routes 310 and 311 in a census-designated place with at the 2010 census a population of what?

 The state road begins in at an intersection with Hawaii Routes 310 and 311 in the West Maui town of Kihei.  The highway formerly ran parallel to the coast all the way to the southern terminus of the Hana Highway (Route 360), until developments in Wailea and Makena blocked access. Hawaii Route 31, also known as the Pi'ilani Highway, is a 38-mile road on the island of Maui in the U.S. state of Hawaii. .  The Kihei section of the highway now terminates in Wailea, and the much longer Kaupo section, which is county-maintained as County Road 31, connects Route 37 near Kula to the Route 360 south of Hana (at the western border of Haleakala National Park). <SEP> Antrim is a town in Hillsborough County, New Hampshire, United States.  The population was 2,637 at the 2010 census.  The primary settlement in the town, where 1,397 people resided at the 2010 census, is defined as the Antrim census-designated place (CDP) and is located at the intersection of U.S. Route 202 and New Hampshire Route 31.  The town of Antrim also includes the villages of Antrim Center, North Branch, Clinton Village and South Village. <SEP> Dranesville is a census-designated place (CDP) in Fairfax County, Virginia, United States.  Dranesville is located on the Leesburg Pike (State Route 7) at its intersection with Georgetown Pike (State Route 193).  The U.S. Census Bureau defines Dranesville as a census-designated place (CDP) with a population of 11,921 as of 2010. <SEP> Kīhei is a census-designated place (CDP) in Maui County, Hawaiʻ i, United States.  The population was 20,881 at the 2010 census.