Question: Bernardo de Muro debuted in performing in "Cavalleria rusticana" by the Italian composer who ushered in which movement?

Pietro Antonio Stefano Mascagni (] ; 7 December 1863 – 2 August 1945) was an Italian composer most noted for his operas. His 1890 masterpiece "Cavalleria Rusticana" caused one of the greatest sensations in opera history and single-handedly ushered in the "Verismo" movement in Italian dramatic music.  While it was often held that Mascagni, like Leoncavallo, was a "one-opera man" who could never repeat his first success, "L'amico Fritz" and "Iris" have remained in the repertoire in Europe (especially Italy) since their premieres.  Mascagni said that at one point, "Iris" was performed in Italy more often than "Cavalleria" (cf. Stivender). <SEP> Niccola Spinelli (born Turin, Italy 1865 – died Rome 18 October, 1909) was an Italian composer of operas.  Born in Turin, the son of a jurist, he studied composition at the Naples Conservatory under Paolo Serrao.  His opera "Labilia" won the second-place prize in an 1890 opera competition organized by Milanese music publisher Edoardo Sonzogno, and premiered in Rome on 9 May 1890; the first prize went to Pietro Mascagni for "Cavalleria rusticana".  His most well-known work is "A Basso Porto" ("At the Lower Harbor"), which premiered in Cologne on 18 April 1894 to great popular acclaim. <SEP> Mala Pasqua!  (Bad Easter!)  is an opera in three acts composed by Stanislao Gastaldon to a libretto by Giovanni Domenico Bartocci-Fontana.  The libretto is based on Giovanni Verga's play, "Cavalleria rusticana" ("Rustic Chivalry") which Verga had adapted from his short story of the same name.  "Mala Pasqua!"  premiered on 9 April 1890 at the Teatro Costanzi in Rome, six weeks before Pietro Mascagni's opera "Cavalleria rusticana" which was also based on Verga's play.  Bartocci-Fontana's libretto adds some elements that were not in Verga's original and expands on others.  The name of the Santuzza character was also changed to Carmela, but the basic plot and setting remain the same.  Its title refers to the curse which Carmela places on Turiddu, the lover who had spurned her: "Mala Pasqua a te!"  ("May you have an evil Easter!") .  Following its Rome premiere "Mala Pasqua!"  had a few more performances in Perugia and Lisbon, but it was completely eclipsed by the phenomenal success of Mascagni's opera.  After the 1891 Lisbon run it was not heard again until 2010 when it was given a semi-staged performance in Agrigento, Sicily. <SEP> Bernardino de Muro was born on November 3, 1881, in Tempio Pausania, Sardinia, to Antonio Maria and Jeanne-Marie Demuro.  His father was a small landowner.  Bernardo’s formal education ceased at primary school.  Initially self-taught, he began singing in a café in Tempio.  Moving to Rome, he participated in a competition for admission to the Conservatory of St. Cecilia in 1903.  He studied under A. Sbriscia and Alfredo Martino.  He received flattering reviews for this performance.  His operatic debut was on May 12, 1910, at the Teatro Costanzi in Rome, performing in "Cavalleria rusticana" by Mascagni.  In the next few years he performed in "Madama Butterfly", "L'Africaine", "Carmen", and further performances of "Cavalleria rusticana".  Although he was long a star at La Scala, he was largely unknown to American audiences until he began to tour there.  His continued career carried him to such places as the Solis in Montevideo, Uruguay in 1916, the Dal Verme in Milan (performing "Mefistofele"), the Hippodrome, St. Petersburg, Florida, in 1927, and The Dell Ofrecie Grand Opera Company of New York (performing "Aida").