Question: When did the nation from which the 13 colonies declared independence, take control of the country that Nduduzo Makhathini was from?

the monroe doctrine was a united states policy of opposing european colonialism in the americas beginning in 1823. it stated that further efforts by european nations to take control of any independent state in north or south america would be viewed as ``the manifestation of an unfriendly disposition toward the united states. ''at the same time, the doctrine noted that the u.s. would recognize and not interfere with existing european colonies nor meddle in the internal concerns of european countries. the doctrine was issued on december 2, 1823 at a time when nearly all latin american colonies of spain and portugal had achieved, or were at the point of gaining, independence from the portuguese and spanish empires. <SEP> ongoing political tensions between great britain and the thirteen colonies reached a crisis in 1774 when the british placed the province of massachusetts under martial law after the patriots protested taxes they regarded as a violation of their constitutional rights as englishmen. when shooting began at lexington and concord in april 1775, militia units from across new england rushed to boston and bottled up the british in the city. the continental congress appointed george washington as commander-in-chief of the newly created continental army, which was augmented throughout the war by colonial militia. he drove the british out of boston but in late summer 1776 they returned to new york and nearly captured washington's army. meanwhile, the revolutionaries expelled british officials from the 13 states, and declared themselves an independent nation on july 4, 1776. <SEP> Nduduzo Makhathini (born 24 September 1982) is a South African jazz musician from Umgungundlovu, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. Coming from a musical family, his love for music began at an early age. Makhathini has performed with Zim Ngqawana, Feya Feku, McCoy Mrubata. Nduduzo completed his Diploma in Jazz Piano in 2005. <SEP> By spring 1775, all royal officials had been expelled, and the Continental Congress hosted a convention of delegates for the 13 colonies. The Second Continental Congress assembled in May 1775 and began to coordinate armed resistance against Britain. It raised an army to fight the British and named George Washington its commander, made treaties, declared independence, and recommended that the colonies write constitutions and become states. It established a government that recruited soldiers and printed its own money. General Washington took command of the Patriot soldiers in New England and forced the British to withdraw from Boston. In 1776, the Thirteen Colonies declared their independence from Britain. With the help of France and Spain, they defeated the British in the American Revolutionary War. In the Treaty of Paris (1783), Britain officially recognized the independence of the United States of America. <SEP> The country became a self - governing nation state within the British Empire, in 1934 following enactment of the Status of the Union Act. The dominion came to an end on 31 May 1961 as the consequence of a 1960 referendum, which legitimised the country becoming a sovereign state named Republic of South Africa. A republican constitution was adopted. Following the defeat of the Boers in the Anglo - Boer or South African War (1899 -- 1902), the Union of South Africa was created as a dominion of the British Empire in terms of the South Africa Act 1909, which amalgamated the four previously separate British colonies: Cape Colony, Natal Colony, Transvaal Colony, and Orange River Colony.