Question: In what year did the Pope return from Avignon to the city where the author of Inter Caetera lived until his death?

avignon was the seat of the papacy from 1309 to 1376. with the return of the pope to rome in 1378, the papal state developed into a major secular power, culminating in the morally corrupt papacy of alexander vi. florence grew to prominence amongst the italian city-states through financial business, and the dominant medici family became important promoters of the renaissance through their patronage of the arts. other city states in northern italy also expanded their territories and consolidated their power, primarily milan and venice. the war of the sicilian vespers had by the early 14th century divided southern italy into an aragon kingdom of sicily and an anjou kingdom of naples. in 1442, the two kingdoms were effectively united under aragonese control. <SEP> The French crown's increasing dominance over the Papacy culminated in the transference of the Holy See to Avignon in 1309. When the Pope returned to Rome in 1377, this led to the election of different popes in Avignon and Rome, resulting in the Papal Schism (1378–1417). The Schism divided Europe along political lines; while France, her ally Scotland and the Spanish kingdoms supported the Avignon Papacy, France's enemy England stood behind the Pope in Rome, together with Portugal, Scandinavia and most of the German princes. <SEP> Dudum siquidem (Latin for "A short while ago") is a papal bull issued by Pope Alexander VI on , one of the Bulls of Donation addressed to the Catholic Monarchs Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon which supplemented the bull "Inter caetera" and purported to grant to them "all islands and mainlands whatsoever, found and to be found, discovered and to be discovered, that are or may be or may seem to be in the route of navigation or travel towards the west or south, whether they be in western parts, or in the regions of the south and east and of India". <SEP> On 25 January 1494, Ferdinand I died and was succeeded by his son Alfonso II (1494–1495). Alexander authorised him to pass through Rome, ostensibly on a crusade against the Ottoman Empire, without mentioning Naples. Charles VIII of France now advanced formal claims on the Kingdom of Naples. But when the French invasion became a reality Pope Alexander VI became alarmed, recognised Alfonso II as king of Naples, and concluded an alliance with him in exchange for various fiefs for his sons (July 1494). A military response to the French threat was set in motion: a Neapolitan army was to advance through the Romagna and attack Milan, while the fleet was to seize Genoa. Both expeditions were badly conducted and failed, and on 8 September Charles VIII crossed the Alps and joined Ludovico il Moro at Milan. The Papal States were in turmoil, and the powerful Colonna faction seized Ostia in the name of France. Charles VIII rapidly advanced southward, and after a short stay in Florence, set out for Rome (November 1494). <SEP> clement v declined to move to rome, remaining in france, and in 1309, he moved his court to the papal enclave at avignon, where it remained for the next 67 years. the absence from rome is sometimes referred to as the ``babylonian captivity of the papacy ''. a total of seven popes reigned at avignon; all were french, and they increasingly fell under the influence of the french crown. on september 13, 1376, gregory xi abandoned avignon and moved his court to rome (arriving on january 17, 1377), ending the avignon papacy.