winkelee/scaling-down huggingface dataset:
Question: The Tim Parry Johnathan Ball Foundation for Peace was named after the two persons lost in the bomb attacks that took place on what 1993 date?

The Warrington bombings were two separate bomb attacks that took place during early 1993 in Warrington, England.  The first attack happened on 26 February, when a bomb exploded at a gas storage facility.  It caused extensive damage but no injuries.  While fleeing the scene, the bombers shot and injured a police officer and two of them were then caught after a high-speed car chase.  The second attack happened on 20 March, when two small bombs exploded in litter bins outside shops and businesses on Bridge Street.  Two children were killed and dozens of people were injured. <SEP> Thomas Parry (1768–1824) was a Welsh merchant.  The third son of Edward Parry and Anne Vaughan, of Leighton Hall, near Welshpool, he was instrumental in realising the potential for business and commerce in India.  Parry moved to Chennai in southern India, a part of the British India in the late 1780s, and set up a modest business of piece goods and banking on 17 July 1788 (Doubtful Parry was in London on 14 March 1788 - source Gilbert Ross will probated on that date.  As it took six months to travel around Cape of Good Hope he could not possibly have reached Chennai by this date). The business he set up continued to grow and Parry became a household name in Chennai.  Parry set up the EID Parry company in 1787 (Parry was in London till late 1788), the corporate headquarters of which stand on the corner.  Parry's Corner, a well-known central business district of Chennai was named after him. <SEP>  It was formed in 1995 by Colin and Wendy Parry, following the loss of their 12-year-old son Tim and 3-year-old Johnathan Ball in the 1993 Warrington bomb attacks, which were perpetrated by the Provisional Irish Republican Army. The Tim Parry Johnathan Ball Foundation for Peace is an educational peace charity based in United Kingdom (charity no.1048990). <SEP> On August 1, 2004, a series of car bomb attacks took place during the Sunday evening Mass in churches of two Iraqi cities, Baghdad and Mosul.  The six attacks killed at least 12 people and wounded at least 71.  No one claimed responsibility for the attacks, but Iraq's national security adviser, Mowaffaq al-Rubaie, blamed the attacks on Abu Musab al-Zarqawi.  The bombings marked the first major attack against the Christian community since the 2003 invasion of Iraq.
Question: What secret organization is Snape a part of?

Snape is a small village in the English county of Suffolk, on the River Alde close to Aldeburgh.  It has about 600 inhabitants, measured at 611 at the 2011 Census.  Snape is now best known for Snape Maltings, no longer in commercial use, but converted into a tourist centre together with a concert hall that hosts the major part of the annual Aldeburgh Festival. <SEP> The Sarasota Assassination Society, also known as the Sarasota Vigilance Committee, was a late 19th-century secret organization established by Alfred Bidwell, Dr. Leonard Andrews and Jason Alford in Manatee County, Florida.  The organization, which was estimated to include twenty to twenty-two members, was purported to be a political social group or a Democratic Club.  The true aims of the group were chronicled in the February 2, 1885 "New York Times" article; “This organization is supposed to exist for the purpose of the secret murder of political opponents, and is composed of 20 members, bound together by terrible oaths to perform the bloody work of the band and to keep its secrets inviolate.” <SEP> Severus Snape is a fictional character in J. K. Rowling's "Harry Potter" series.  Snape becomes a double-agent on behalf of Albus Dumbledore and the Order of the Phoenix, and protects Harry throughout the series.  An exceptionally skilful wizard, his coldly sarcastic and controlled exterior conceals deep emotions and anguish.  A Professor at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, Snape is hostile to the series' protagonist, Harry, the moment he sets foot in Snape's classroom; this hostility is rooted in Harry's resemblance to Harry's father James, who bullied and harassed Snape during their time at Hogwarts.  Though philosophically attracted to the Dark Arts and Lord Voldemort's ideology of wizard supremacy, Snape's love for Muggle-born Lily Evans, Harry's mother, eventually compels him to defect from the Death Eaters. <SEP>  Founded by Albus Dumbledore to fight Lord Voldemort and his followers, the Death Eaters, the Order lends its name to the fifth book of the series, "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix". The Order of the Phoenix is a secret organisation in the "Harry Potter" series of fiction books written by J. K. Rowling.
Question: What year did the cosmonaut that manned Vostok 4 die?

Mercury-Atlas 8 (MA-8) was the fifth United States manned space mission, part of NASA's Mercury program.  Astronaut Walter M. Schirra Jr., orbited the Earth six times in the Sigma 7 spacecraft on October 3, 1962, in a nine-hour flight focused mainly on technical evaluation rather than on scientific experimentation.  This was the longest U.S. manned orbital flight yet achieved in the Space Race, though well behind the several-day record set by the Soviet Vostok 3 earlier in the year.  It confirmed the Mercury spacecraft's durability ahead of the one-day Mercury-Atlas 9 mission that followed in 1963. <SEP> Vostok 4 (Russian: Восток-4 , "Orient 4" or "East 4") was a mission in the Soviet space program.  It was launched a day after Vostok 3 with cosmonaut Pavel Popovich on board—the first time that more than one manned spacecraft were in orbit at the same time.  The two Vostok capsules came within 6.5 km of one another and ship-to-ship radio contact was established. <SEP> Vladimir Mikhaylovich Komarov (Russian: Влади́мир Миха́йлович Комаро́в ; ] ; 16 March 192724 April 1967) was a Soviet test pilot, aerospace engineer and cosmonaut.  In October 1964, he commanded Voskhod 1, the first spaceflight to carry more than one crew member.  He became the first cosmonaut to fly in space twice when he was selected as the solo pilot of Soyuz 1, the first manned test flight of a new spacecraft.  A parachute failure caused his Soyuz capsule to crash into the ground after re-entry on 24 April 1967, making him the first human to die in a space flight. <SEP> Pavel Romanovich Popovich (Russian: Па́вел Рома́нович Попо́вич , Ukrainian: Павло Романович Попович , Pavlo Romanovych Popovych) (October 5, 1930 – September 29, 2009) was a Soviet cosmonaut.
Question: What number episode is Will's Birthday in the British coming of age sitcome television series created and writted by Damon Beesley and Iain Morris?

"Unnatural Love" is the fifth episode of the second season of the HBO comedy series "Flight of the Conchords", and the seventeenth episode overall.  It first aired on February 15, 2009.  The episode was directed by Michel Gondry and written by Iain Morris and Damon Beesley.  Jemaine Clement and Bret McKenzie of the band Flight of the Conchords star as fictional versions of themselves.  The plot focuses on Jemaine's forbidden romance with the Australian Keitha (Sarah Wynter), which chagrins his fellow New Zealanders Bret and Murray (Rhys Darby), the band's manager. <SEP> "The Inbetweeners" is a BAFTA Award-winning British sitcom created by Damon Beesley and Iain Morris, and broadcast on E4.  The series follows the lives of four sixth form students – Will McKenzie (Simon Bird), Simon Cooper (Joe Thomas), Jay Cartwright (James Buckley) and Neil Sutherland (Blake Harrison).  The series is narrated by Will, who acts as the programme's lead character. <SEP> Will's Birthday is the third episode of the second series of "The Inbetweeners".  It first aired on 16 April 2009 on E4. <SEP>  The series followed the misadventures of suburban teenager Will (Simon Bird) and his friends Simon (Joe Thomas), Neil (Blake Harrison), and Jay (James Buckley) at the fictional Rudge Park Comprehensive. The Inbetweeners is a British coming of age sitcom television series originally aired on E4 from 2008–2010, created and written by Damon Beesley and Iain Morris.  The episodes involved situations of school life, uncaring school staff, friendship, male bonding, and largely failed sexual encounters.
Question: What game published by Sony Computer Entertainment for PlayStation 3, was developed by a video game developer based in Paris, France?

Heavy Rain is an interactive drama action-adventure video game developed by Quantic Dream and published by Sony Computer Entertainment exclusively for the PlayStation 3 in February 2010. <SEP> Beyond: Two Souls is an interactive drama action-adventure video game for the PlayStation 3 and Playstation 4 home video game consoles, created by French game developer Quantic Dream and published by Sony Computer Entertainment.  It was released in October 2013.  The game features Jodie Holmes, one of two player characters.  The other is an incorporeal entity named Aiden: a separate soul linked to Jodie since birth.  Jodie, who is portrayed by actress Ellen Page, possesses supernatural powers through her psychic link to Aiden, growing from adolescence to adulthood while learning to control Aiden and the powers they share.  Willem Dafoe co-stars as Nathan Dawkins, a researcher in the Department of Paranormal Activity and Jodie's surrogate-father-figure.  The actors in the game worked during the year-long project in Quantic Dream's Paris studio to perform on-set voice acting and motion capture acting. <SEP>  The company also supplies motion capture services to the film and video game industries. Quantic Dream SA is a French video game developer based in Paris, France, founded on 3 June 1997.  They are well known for their interactive drama story based games such as "Heavy Rain", "Fahrenheit" and "". <SEP> Sports Champions is a 2010 sports video game developed by San Diego Studio and Zindagi Games and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for PlayStation 3, which utilizes PlayStation Move.  It was officially unveiled at the 2010 Game Developers Conference in San Francisco.  The game is a collection of modern and medieval sports games published by Sony Computer Entertainment and is jointly developed by San Diego Studio and Zindagi Games as a launch game for the PlayStation Move which would be bundled with the controller in several regions.
Question: Henry and the Paper Route was written by the author who has sold how many copies of her books?

Suanfa tongzong (General Source of Computational Methods) is a mathematical text written by sixteenth century Chinese mathematician Cheng Dawei (1533–1606) and published in the year 1592.  The book contains 595 problems divided into 17 chapters.  The book is essentially general arithmetic for the abacus.  The book was the main source available to scholars concerning mathematics as it developed in China’s tradition.  Six years after the publication of Suanfa Tongzong, Cheng Dawei published another book titled "Suanfa Zuanyao" ("A Compendium of calculating Methods").  About 90% of the content of the new book came from the contents of four chapters of the first book with some rearrangement.  It is said that when Suanfa Tongzong was first published, it sold so many copies that the cost of paper went up and the lucrative sales resulted in unscrupulous people beginning to print pirated copies of the book with many errors.  it was this that forced the author to print an abridged version. <SEP>  It was written in 1957 and focused on the main character Henry Huggins' attempts to get a paper route, despite his young age. Henry and the Paper Route is a book that was written by Beverly Cleary and illustrated by Louis Darling. <SEP> Henry Huggins is a character appearing in a series of children's literature novels by Beverly Cleary, illustrated by Louis Darling, and first appearing in "Henry Huggins".  He is a young boy living on Klickitat Street in Portland, Oregon.  In the novels, he is in elementary school.  The novels take place in the 1950s, which is when Cleary wrote most of the books.  The books describe adventures that he experiences in his neighborhood and his interactions with other neighborhood children.  He has a dog named Ribsy and a part-time job doing a paper route in North Portland. <SEP>  One of America's most successful living authors, 91 million copies of her books have been sold worldwide since her first book was published in 1950. Beverly Atlee Cleary (née Bunn; born April 12, 1916) is an American writer of children's and young adult fiction.  Some of Cleary's best known characters are Henry Huggins and his dog Ribsy, Ramona Quimby and Beezus Quimby, and Ralph S. Mouse.
Question: Which rock band has more members, Skillet or Portugal. The Man?

Skillet is an American Christian rock band formed in Memphis, Tennessee in 1996.  The band has released nine albums, two receiving Grammy nominations: "Collide" and "Comatose".  Two of their albums, "Awake" and "Comatose", are certified Platinum by RIAA while "Rise", is certified Gold as of 12, 2016 .  The band currently consists of husband John (lead vocals, bass) and wife Korey Cooper (rhythm guitar, keyboards, backing vocals) along with Jen Ledger (drums, vocals) and Seth Morrison (lead guitar). <SEP> Portugal.  The Man is an American rock band from Wasilla, Alaska.  Gourley and Carothers met and began playing music together originally at Wasilla High School in Wasilla, Alaska.  Their first two albums were released on Fearless Records.  The group consists of John Gourley, Zach Carothers, Kyle O'Quin, Jason Sechrist and Eric Howk.  On April 2, 2010, the band signed to Atlantic Records. <SEP> Ardent Worship is the fourth album by the Christian rock band Skillet.  It was released in 2000 by Ardent Records seven months after "Invincible".  It is a worship album consisting of both live and studio recordings of six songs written by Skillet and four songs covering other artists.  Original Skillet members Ken Steorts and Trey McClurkin appear on "Safe With You" and "Shout To The Lord" to finish the live set with fellow founding member John Cooper.  This is the only Skillet album with no music videos and the first album with Lori Peters on drums, who replaced Trey McClurkin.  Two songs come from previous Skillet albums, "Safe With You" being from their self-titled album and "Angels Fall Down" being the hidden track on "Invincible". <SEP> "Monster" is the second single from the 2009 album "Awake" by the American Christian rock band Skillet, and is the second track on the album.  The single went on to become the band's breakthrough single charting at No. 4 on Mainstream rock charts and No. 1 on the "Billboard" Bubbling Under Hot 100 Chart.  A radio edit version can be found on the deluxe version, which does not include the growling part of the song.  It is also the fifth single by Skillet to be released to physical media.
Question: Who wrote and illustrated the book on which the plot of the film "I'm Here" is based?

Haganai (はがない ) , short for Boku wa Tomodachi ga Sukunai (僕は友達が少ない , literally "I Don't Have Many Friends") , is a Japanese light novel series written by Yomi Hirasaka, illustrated by Buriki, and published by Media Factory.  It has been given several manga adaptations; the first incarnation, its title and basic plot unchanged, began serialization in 2010; it was written and illustrated by Itachi and published in "Monthly Comic Alive".  A retelling of the series, written by Misaki Harukawa and illustrated by Shuichi Taguchi and called "Boku wa Tomodachi ga Sukunai+" was published in "Jump SQ.19".  A 12-episode anime adaptation by AIC Build aired in Japan between October and December 2011.  An original video animation episode was released on September 26, 2012.  A second anime season, Haganai NEXT, aired between January and March 2013.  A live-action film adaptation was released on February 1, 2014. <SEP> The Wizard of the Emerald City (Russian: Волшебник Изумрудного Города ) is a 1939 children's novel by Russian writer Alexander Melentyevich Volkov.  The book is a re-narration of L. Frank Baum's "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz".  Baum's name is sometimes credited in the book (in the appendix by Volkov, which is found in some editions, where Volkov describes the origins of his book).  The names of most characters are changed, some elements of Baum's novel are removed, and some new elements are added.  The book was illustrated by Leonid Vladimirski in 1959 and became quite popular in the 1960s, leading to five sequels: "Urfin Jus and his Wooden Soldiers" (1963), "The Seven Underground Kings" (1964), "The Fiery God of the Marrans" (1968), "The Yellow Fog" (1970), and "The Secret of the Abandoned Castle" (1975, published in 1982).  These sequels were written by Volkov himself and are not based on Baum's plot elements, although we do encounter the powder of life, a character called Charlie Black who is not unlike Cap'n Bill, intelligent foxes, and the use of a Sandboat similar to Johnny Dooit's, albeit with wheels. <SEP> I'm Here is a 2010 sci-fi romance short film written and directed by Spike Jonze.  The plot is based on "The Giving Tree", and the main character is named after Shel Silverstein.  The film is a love story about two robots living in Los Angeles where humans and robots co-exist.  The film's robots were created by Alterian, Inc., a Los Angeles-based effects company notable for their costume design for Daft Punk. <SEP>  First published in 1964 by Harper & Row, it has become one of Silverstein's best known titles and has been translated into numerous languages. The Giving Tree is a children's picture book written and illustrated by Shel Silverstein.
Question: In which state is the Cactus to Clouds Trail located?

The trail starts behind the Palm Springs Art Museum.  The bottom portion, known as the Museum Trail, continues to a junction with the North Lykken Trail.  At its end it joins the Desert View Nature Trail.  Hikers may proceed to Long Valley and then continue to the Palm Springs Aerial Tramway or San Jacinto Peak.  (The Palm Springs Aerial Tramway will be closed for annual maintenance Sept. 11 - Sept. 30, 2017 with a tentative reopening date of Oct. 1, 2017.) <SEP> The North Western State Trail is a 32 mile rail trail located in Northern Lower Michigan.  It starts on the other side of Petoskey connecting to Little Traverse Wheelway and ends at North Central State Trail Mackinaw City.  From Petoskey to Alanson the trail is paved for 7.5 mile .  From Alanson to Mackinaw City is a mixture of railroad ballast, mixed dirt and stone.  The rest of the trail will be improved over time. <SEP>  It was opened in September 1963 as a way of getting from the floor of the Coachella Valley to relatively near the top of San Jacinto Peak and was constructed in rugged Chino Canyon.  Before its construction, the only way to the top of the mountain was to hike a number of hours from Idyllwild. The Palm Springs Aerial Tramway in Palm Springs, California, is the largest rotating aerial tramway in the world. <SEP> The Shenipsit Trail is a "Blue-Blazed" hiking trail located in Central Connecticut between 3.5 and 7 miles (11 km) east of the Connecticut River.  It runs 50 miles (80 km) in a north-south direction.  The southern trailhead is on Gadpouch Road in Cobalt, CT on the southern end of the Meshomasic State Forest.  The northern trailhead is on Greaves Road past Bald Mountain and the Shenipsit State Forest in Stafford, CT.  The trail runs primarily through the Shenipsit and Meshomasic State Forests, and Case Mountain, but also utilizes other public and private land holdings.  The Native American name “Shenipsit” means “at the great pool,” referring to the Shenipsit Lake, which the trail passes by.  The Shenipsit Trail is divided into three sections: South, Central, and North.  The Shenipsit Trail is one of the blue-blazed hiking trails managed by the Connecticut Forest and Park Association (CFPA).
Question: Who wrote the Percy Jackson books?

Richard Russell Riordan Jr. ( ; born June 5, 1964), better known as Rick Riordan, is an American author.  He is known for writing the "Percy Jackson & the Olympians" series, about a twelve-year-old boy who discovers he is a son of Poseidon.  His books have been translated into 42 languages and sold more than 30 million copies in the US.  Twentieth Century Fox has adapted the first two books of his Percy Jackson series as part of a series of films.  His books have spawned related media, such as graphic novels and short story collections. <SEP> The Last Olympian is a fantasy-adventure novel based on Greek mythology by Rick Riordan, published on May 5, 2009.  It is the fifth and final novel of the "Percy Jackson & the Olympians" series and serves as the direct sequel to "The Battle of the Labyrinth".  "The Last Olympian" revolves around the demigod Percy Jackson as he leads his friends in a last stand to protect Mount Olympus.  The title refers to Hestia, the goddess of the hearth, who refers to herself as such in a conversation with Percy on Mount Olympus. <SEP>  This series details a conflict between Greek and Roman demigods and Gaea, the earth goddess.  Riordan introduces Roman mythology into his sequel series as well as several new characters.  The first book of the series, "The Lost Hero", was published on October 12, 2010.  The final entry in the series, "The Blood of Olympus", was published on October 7, 2014. The Heroes of Olympus is a pentalogy of adventure, mythological fiction and fantasy novels by American author Rick Riordan that collectively form a sequel series to the "Percy Jackson & the Olympians" series. <SEP> Percy Jackson & the Olympians, often shortened to Percy Jackson, is a pentalogy of adventure and mythological fiction books written by American author Rick Riordan, and the first book series in the Camp Half-Blood Chronicles.  Five supplementary books, along with three graphic novels, have also been released.  More than 45 million copies of the books have been sold in more than 35 countries.
Question: Which singer won an award at he 40th Annual American Music Awards who is known for writing narrative songs about her personal life?

The 40th Annual American Music Awards was held on November 18, 2012 at the Nokia Theatre in Los Angeles.  The awards recognized the most popular artists and albums from the year 2012.  It was broadcast live on ABC.  The nominees were announced on October 9, 2012 by Christina Aguilera.  This year included a brand new category, "Electronic Dance Music".  Katy Perry won one of her 2 nominations, whereas Adele and Taylor Swift each won the award for which they were nominated.  Justin Bieber won all three of his nominations, and of each of their four nominations, Nicki Minaj won two, and Rihanna one. <SEP> The American Music Awards (AMAs) is an annual American music awards show, created by Dick Clark in 1973 for ABC when the network's contract to air the Grammy Awards expired.  Unlike the Grammys, which are awarded on the basis of votes by members of the Recording Academy, the AMAs are determined by a poll of the public and fans, who can vote through the AMAs website.  The award statuette is manufactured by New York firm Society Awards. <SEP> Taylor Alison Swift (born December 13, 1989) is an American singer-songwriter.  One of the leading contemporary recording artists, she is known for narrative songs about her personal life, which have received widespread media coverage. <SEP> As of June 2017, Nigerian recording artist Wizkid has received a total of 43 awards from 157 nominations.  He is the recipient of two BET Awards, three Billboard Music Awards, two iHeartRadio Music Awards, one MTV Europe Music Awards, four MTV Africa Music Awards, one iHeartRadio Much Music Video Awards,two SoundCity MVP Awards, one African Pride Award, two MOBO Award, six The Headies Awards, two Channel O Music Video Awards, six Nigeria Entertainment Awards, two Ghana Music Awards, two Dynamix All Youth Awards, two City People Entertainment Awards, and a Future Award.  In addition, he has been nominated five times at the MTV Europe Music Awards, three times at the American Music Awards, once at the Grammy Awards, as well as four times at the World Music Awards.
Question: Who created the fictional nation with a royal family which Doomwar has to deal  with their  covert overthrow?

"Doomwar" is a 2010 event storyline published by Marvel Comics.  It deals with Doctor Doom's covert overthrow of the royal family of Wakanda and the following clash with various members of the superhuman community. <SEP> Elvandar is a fictional nation on Midkemia, a world created by a fantasy role-playing group and popularized by Raymond E. Feist.  It is home to most of the elves remaining on Midkemia.  It is located north of the Duchy of Crydee in the Kingdom of the Isles.  The entire nation is one great forest.  This nation is ruled by Queen Aglaranna and Prince Consort Tomas with their advisors. <SEP> Canadian royal tours in the 21st century carry on the tradition of the previous 300 years, either as an official tour, a working tour, a vacation, or a period of military service by a member of the Royal Family.  Originally, official tours were events predominantly for Canadians to see and possibly meet members of their royal family, with the associated patriotic pomp and spectacle.  However, nearing the end of the 20th century, such occasions took on the added dimension of a theme; for instance, the 2005 tour of Saskatchewan and Alberta by Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, was deemed to be a vehicle for Her Majesty and all other Canadians to honour "The Spirit of Nation Builders".  Also, junior members of the Royal Family began to undertake unofficial "working" tours of Canada as well; in this method, royal figures are invited by provinces, municipalities, and other organizations to events which the latter fund without assistance from the federal government.  Charles, Prince of Wales; Anne, Princess Royal; Prince Andrew, Duke of York; and Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex, and Sophie, Countess of Wessex, have all made several small tours in this fashion. <SEP> Wakanda is a fictional nation appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.  It is the most prominent of several fictional Bantu African nations in the Marvel Universe, and it is home to the superhero Black Panther.  Wakanda first appeared in "Fantastic Four" #52 (July 1966), and was created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby.
Question: Laura S. Walker State Park is located near a swamp that has a size of how many acres ?

Indian Springs State Park is a 528-acre (2.14 km²) Georgia state park located near Jackson and Flovilla.  The park is named for its several springs, which the Creek Indians used for centuries to heal the sick.  The water from these springs is said to have a sulfur smell and taste.  Indian Springs is thought to be the oldest state park in the nation.  It was acquired from the Creek Indians by the state through the Treaty of Indian Springs (1825) and the Treaty of Washington (1826).  Thereafter, Indian Springs has been operated continuously by the state as a public park, although it did not gain the title "State Park" until 1931.  The area became a resort town in the 19th century.  It became an official "State Forest Park" in 1927.  In 1931, along with Vogel State Park, it became a founding unit of Georgia's state park system. <SEP>  The park is named after Laura S. Walker, a Georgia writer, teacher, civic leader, and naturalist (she is most famous for the latter).  The park's location near the Okefenokee makes it home to many exotic plant and animal species, including alligators, great blue herons, and pitcher plants. Laura S. Walker State Park is a 626-acre (2.53 km²) Georgia state park located near Hoboken and the Okefenokee Swamp.  The park includes a 120-acre (0.49 km²) lake and a championship 18-hole golf course plus pro shop. <SEP> Dismal Swamp State Park is a North Carolina state park in Camden County, North Carolina in the United States.  The park was created as a state natural area in 1974 with the help of The Nature Conservancy, and on July 28, 2007 the NC General Assembly re-designated it as a state park.  It opened to the public in 2008.  This marked the first time that public access to Great Dismal Swamp was made possible in North Carolina.  The park covers 14432 acre of protected land on the North Carolina/Virginia border.  Park offices are three miles (5 km) south of the border on U.S. Route 17 near South Mills.  Features of the park include the canal which is used regularly by boaters using the Intracoastal Waterway and several miles of hiking and biking trails. <SEP>  A majority of the swamp is protected by the Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge and the Okefenokee Wilderness.  The Okefenokee Swamp is considered to be one of the Seven Natural Wonders of Georgia. The Okefenokee Swamp is a shallow, 438,000 acre , peat-filled wetland straddling the Georgia–Florida line in the United States.  The Okefenokee is the largest "blackwater" swamp in North America.
Question: What 1981 legal case involved the testimony of Dorothy Nelkin?

 1255, 1258-1264 (ED Ark. 1982), was a 1981 legal case in the US state of Arkansas. McLean v. Arkansas Board of Education, 529 F. Supp. <SEP> The Atom Besieged: Extraparliamentary Dissent in France and Germany is a 1981 book by Dorothy Nelkin and Michael Pollak.  This book examines the opposition to nuclear power in France and West Germany in the 1970s, which is assessed as being broadly based and widespread.  The authors argue that the basic fear which accounted for the vehemence of the opposition is that nuclear power fundamentally alters the makeup of society. <SEP> Dorothy Wolfers Nelkin ((1933--) 30, 1933 – (2003--) 28, 2003 ) was an American sociologist of science most noted for her work researching and chronicling the unsettled relationship between science and society at large.  Her work often drew attention to the ramifications of unchecked scientific advances and the unwariness of the public towards scientific authority.  She was a supporter of the National Center for Science Education (NCSE), and in 1981 testified for the plaintiffs in McLean v. Arkansas.  She was the author or co-author of 26 books, including "Selling Science: How the Press Covers Science and Technology," "The Molecular Gaze: Art in the Genetic Age," and "Body Bazaar: The Market for Human Tissue in the Biotechnology Age."  She had a broad impact in science studies, the history of science, bioethics and in the public assessment of science and technology.  She was one of the founding members of the Society for the Social Studies of Science and served on governmental and other advisory boards.  She often addressed the legal community, political leaders and the general public. <SEP> Mark S. Nelkin is a theoretical physicist at the Cornell University.  Under the direction of Professor Hans Bethe, received his Ph.D. in theoretical physics from Cornell in 1955.  Nelkin was married to American sociologist of science Dorothy Nelkin until her death in 2003.
Question: What is the name of the novel by  the best selling author alive and the fourth bestselling fiction author of all time that has features St. Tropez as the background?

Danielle Fernandes Dominique Schuelein-Steel (born August 14, 1947) is an American novelist, currently the best selling author alive and the fourth bestselling fiction author of all time, with over 800 million copies sold. <SEP> Brandon Stanton (born March 1, 1984) is an American best selling author, photographer, and blogger.  He is known as author of best selling "Humans of New York" book, as one of "Time"'s "30 Under 30 People Changing The World", and the founder of "Humans of New York," a popular photojournalistic work that has over 17.8 million likes on Facebook and around 5.7 million followers on Instagram as of late August 2016. <SEP>  The book is Steel's fifty-fifth best selling novel.  The plot follows tales of friendship concerning three couples, who have been friends all their lives. Sunset in St. Tropez is a novel by Danielle Steel, published by Dell Publishing on June 3, 2003.  However, when they go on holiday together to St. Tropez, they discover untold secrets and revelations concerning one another. <SEP> JaQuavis Coleman is an American author.  He is a member of the YMCMB book division, and along with his wife Ashley Antoinette, via the pen name Ashley & Jaquavis, is a New York Times bestselling author.  He is married to New York Times Best Selling Author Ashley Antoinette.  Ashley Antoinette and Jaquavis were named by "Ebony" magazine as one of the most powerful couples in 2012.
Question: Are Martin McDonagh and Steve James both examples of British playwrights?

John Michael McDonagh is a screenwriter and film director with British and Irish nationality.  He wrote and directed "The Guard" (2011) and "Calvary" (2014), both films starring Brendan Gleeson, receiving a BAFTA Award nomination for the former.  He was born in London in 1967.  He is the older brother of playwright and filmmaker Martin McDonagh. <SEP> Steve James (born March 8, 1954) is an American film producer and director of several documentaries, including the award-winning "Hoop Dreams" and "Stevie". <SEP>  He holds dual British and Irish citizenship.  He has been described as one of the most important living playwrights in Ireland. Martin McDonagh ( ; born 26 March 1970) is a British playwright, screenwriter and film director, born and brought up in London to Irish parents. <SEP> Gordon Edelstein is the Long Wharf Theatre’s Artistic Director.  In addition to his work on the world premiere of Athol Fugard’s "Have You Seen Us"? , Mr. Edelstein directed and adapted Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House in Long Wharf Theatre’s 2009-10 season.  In addition, Edelstein directed "Coming Home" at Berkeley Rep and The Glass Menagerie starring Judith Ivey at Roundabout Theatre in New York City.  His recent productions of Arthur Miller’s "The Price" and Anton Chekhov’s Uncle Vanya (which he also adapted) were on numerous best of 2007 lists including the Wall Street Journal.  As a director, he has garnered three Connecticut Critics Circle Awards and during his tenure at Long Wharf Theatre, the theatre has produced world premieres by Paula Vogel, Athol Fugard, Craig Lucas, Julia Cho, Noah Haidle, Dael Orlandersmith, and Anna Deavere Smith.  Over the course of his career, he has also directed and/or produced premieres by Philip Glass, Arthur Miller, Paula Vogel, Donald Margulies, James Lapine, Charles Mee, Mac Wellman, and Martin McDonagh, among many others, and has directed an extremely diverse body of work from Sophocles to Pinter, and from Shakespeare to Beckett.  Under his artistic leadership, Long Wharf Theatre has received 14 additional Connecticut Critics Circle Awards, including six best actor or actress awards in plays that he directed.  He was also given the organization’s Tom Killen Award, given annually to an individual who has made an indelible impact on the Connecticut theatrical landscape.  Edelstein has directed countless plays and workshops for Long Wharf Theatre including the world premieres of BFE (transfer to Playwrights Horizons), The Day the Bronx Died (transfer to NY and London), A Dance Lesson, and The Times, as well as We Won’t Pay!  We Won’t Pay! , A New War, A Moon for the Misbegotten, Anna Christie, The Front Page, and Mourning Becomes Electra, starring Jane Alexander.  Prior to assuming artistic leadership of Long Wharf Theatre, Edelstein helmed Seattle’s ACT Theatre for five years.
Question: What American guitarist and songwriter claimed that one who wrote "Rockaway Beach", Dee Dee Ramone, was "the only real beachgoer" in the group?

John William Cummings (October 8, 1948 – September 15, 2004), known professionally as Johnny Ramone, was an American guitarist and songwriter, best known for being the guitarist for the punk rock band the Ramones.  He was a founding member of the band, and remained a member throughout the band's entire career.  He died from prostate cancer on September 15, 2004. <SEP> "Rockaway Beach" is a song by the American punk rock band the Ramones from their 1977 album "Rocket to Russia".  The song was written by bassist Dee Dee Ramone in the style of the Beach Boys and early surf rock bands.  The song is about Rockaway Beach, Queens, where Dee Dee liked to spend time.  Released in 1977, it was the Ramones' highest-charting single in their career, peaking at number 66 on the "Billboard" Hot 100.  Guitarist Johnny Ramone claimed that Dee Dee was "the only real beachgoer" in the group.  In June, 2013, the song was used in a radio ad campaign sponsored by Queens Economic Development Corporation to promote recovery from Hurricane Sandy by drawing New Yorkers back to Rockaway Beach. <SEP> Dum Dum Girls are an American rock band, formed in 2008.  It began as the bedroom recording project of singer and songwriter Dee Dee (née Kristin Gundred).  She is currently based in New York City.  The name is a double homage to the Vaselines' album "Dum Dum" and the Iggy Pop song "Dum Dum Boys".  Critics initially assumed that Dee Dee's stage name was inspired by Dee Dee Ramone, but she stated that this was not true; it was her mother's name, which she took as her middle name after her mother's death.  The last name "Penny" was erroneously provided by British music magazine "NME". <SEP> Animal Boy is the ninth studio album released by the American punk band the Ramones through Sire Records on May 19, 1986.  Due to conflicts within the group, the album features less of lead singer Joey Ramone, both in performing and writing, and less of lead guitarist Johnny Ramone.  Bassist Dee Dee Ramone wrote and sang more on this album than previous albums, and Richie Ramone became the first drummer to write songs for the band.  The album spawned four singles, all of which charted on the UK Singles Chart.  In addition to singles, the band promoted their album by making a music video which parodied the benefit concerts Live Aid and Hands Across America.
Question: Mille Dinesen is known for her role in which television series?

Mille Dinesen (born 14 March 1974) is a Danish actress best known for starring in the film "Nynne", as well as the title role in the television series "Rita". <SEP> Heather Deen Locklear (born September 25, 1961) is an American actress.  She is known for her television role as Amanda Woodward on "Melrose Place" (1993–99), for which she received four consecutive Golden Globe nominations for Best Actress – Television Series Drama.  Her other notable television roles include Sammy Jo Carrington on "Dynasty" (1981–89), Officer Stacy Sheridan on "T. J. Hooker" (1982–86), and Caitlin Moore on "Spin City" (1999–2002), for which she earned a further two Golden Globe nominations for Best Actress – Television Series Musical or Comedy.  She had a recurring role on the TV Land sitcom "Hot in Cleveland" and a main role on the TNT drama-comedy television series "Franklin & Bash" in 2013. <SEP> Rita is a Danish comedy-drama TV series on TV 2.  It premiered in February 2012 and has run for three seasons in Denmark and internationally on Netflix which was also a co-producer on the third and fourth season. <SEP> Nynne is a Danish film directed by Jonas Elmer, starring Mille Dinesen.  It is based on the bestselling Danish novel "Nynnes dagbog" (en.  "Nynne's Diary") by Henriette Lind, Lotte Thorsen and Anette Vestergaard, which again was based on a popular newspaper column in "Politiken".  "Nynne" was the fourth-most seen film total in theaters in Denmark in 2005, with 429,301 tickets sold.  (The most seen was "Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire").  Dinesen reprised the role in a short series the following year.
Question: Lazarus Long is a fictional character created by an American science fiction writer who died in what year?

 Born in 1912 in the third generation of a selective breeding experiment run by the Ira Howard Foundation, Lazarus (birth name Woodrow Wilson Smith) becomes unusually long-lived, living well over two thousand years with the aid of occasional rejuvenation treatments.  Heinlein "patterned" Long on science fiction writer Edward E. Smith, mixed with Jack Williamson's fictional Giles Habibula. Lazarus Long is a fictional character featured in a number of science fiction novels by Robert A. Heinlein. <SEP> The Cat Who Walks Through Walls is a science fiction novel by American writer Robert A. Heinlein, published in 1985.  Like many of his later novels, it features Lazarus Long and Jubal Harshaw as supporting characters. <SEP> Maureen Johnson Smith Long (July 4, 1882 - June 20, 1982), most often referred to as Maureen Johnson, is a fictional character in several science fiction novels by American writer Robert A. Heinlein.  She is the mother, lover and eventual wife of Lazarus Long, the longest-living member of Heinlein's fictional Howard Families.  She is the only character from the "Lazarus Long cycle" to have an entire fictional memoir devoted to her life. <SEP> Robert Anson Heinlein ( ; July 7, 1907 – May 8, 1988) was an American science fiction writer.  Often called the "dean of science fiction writers", his sometimes controversial works continue to have an influential effect on the genre, and on modern culture more generally.
Question: Which national park located in Wyoming, Montana, and Idaho contains Spasm Geyser?

The establishment of Grand Teton National Park took place over a period spanning more than 50 years.  Located in the northwestern region of the U.S. state of Wyoming, Grand Teton National Park is 10 mi south of Yellowstone National Park which was established in 1872, when Wyoming, Idaho and Montana were still territories and the region was very sparsely settled.  By the late 19th century, conservationists were working to provide further protection to surrounding regions, leading President Grover Cleveland to create the Teton Forest Reserve, which included a portion of northern Jackson Hole.  By 1902, the reserve had been combined into the Yellowstone Forest Reserve, then was divided again in 1908 by President Theodore Roosevelt, establishing the Teton National Forest, which protected most of the Teton Range.  By 1907, the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation had constructed a temporary dam at the Snake River outlet of Jackson Lake.  This dam failed in 1910 and a new concrete Jackson Lake Dam replaced it by 1911.  The dam was further enlarged in 1916, raising lake waters 39 ft as part of the Minidoka Project, designed to provide irrigation for agriculture in the state of Idaho.  Though efforts to protect the Teton Range and Jackson Hole as part of an expanded Yellowstone National Park dated back to the late 19th century, proposals to construct more dams on some of the other lakes in Jackson Hole led Yellowstone National Park superintendent Horace Albright to block such efforts.  Albright was originally an advocate of the expanded Yellowstone plan which was very unpopular with local residents.  By the mid-1920s local sentiment had changed as a result of proposals for a new national park including only the Teton Range and six lakes at the base of the range.  With the general agreement of prominent Jackson Hole residents to this plan, President Calvin Coolidge signed the executive order establishing the 96000 acre Grand Teton National Park on February 26, 1929. <SEP>  It was established by the U.S. Congress and signed into law by President Ulysses S. Grant on March 1, 1872. Yellowstone National Park is a national park located in the U.S. states of Wyoming, Montana, and Idaho.  Yellowstone was the first National Park in the U.S. and is also widely held to be the first national park in the world.  The park is known for its wildlife and its many geothermal features, especially Old Faithful geyser, one of its most popular features.  It has many types of ecosystems, but the subalpine forest is the most abundant.  It is part of the South Central Rockies forests ecoregion. <SEP> Pump Geyser is a cone geyser located in the Upper Geyser Basin of Yellowstone National Park.  It is in the Geyser Hill Complex which includes Aurum Geyser, Beehive Geyser, Big Cub Geyser.  Doublet Pool, Giantess Geyser and Lion Geyser, among others. <SEP> Spasm Geyser is a geyser in the Lower Geyser Basin of Yellowstone National Park in the United States.
Question: Was Toru Yamashita always the lead guitarist?

Niche Syndrome is the fourth studio album by Japanese rock band One Ok Rock, released on June 9, 2010.  It is released as a normal CD-only edition and a limited CD+DVD edition.  This is the first album not to feature original lead guitarist Alex Onizawa.  This album includes the group's single "Kanzen Kankaku Dreamer," which was released earlier in 2010. <SEP> One Ok Rock, stylized as ONE OK ROCK (pronounced in Japanese as "one o'clock"), is a Japanese rock band formed in Tokyo, Japan in 2005.  The band currently consists of Takahiro Moriuchi (vocals), Toru Yamashita (guitar/leader), Ryota Kohama (bass), and Tomoya Kanki (drums). <SEP> Toru Yamashita (山下 亨 , Yamashita Tōru ) (born December 7, 1988 in Osaka), better known by his stage name Toru, is a guitarist and leader in the Japanese rock band ONE OK ROCK.  He was in the hip-hop group HEADS along with Ryota Kohama from ONE OK ROCK before they disbanded in 2002. <SEP> You Can Do Anything is the third and final album by the English rock band The Zutons.  It was produced by Sunset Sound Studios in Los Angeles with producer George Drakoulias (The Black Crowes/Primal Scream/Tom Petty) and was released on Monday 2 June 2008 in the United Kingdom.  "You Can Do Anything" was released after the departure of original lead guitarist Boyan Chowdhury, and is the first album to feature the band's new lead guitarist Paul Molloy.  The album was preceded by the first single "Always Right Behind You", which was released on 26 May 2008.  It entered the Official UK Albums Chart at No.6.
Question: What was the writer of Symphony in B minor a spokesperson for?

Ignacy Jan Paderewski, GBE (] ; 18 November [O.S. 6 November] 1860  – 29 June 1941) was a Polish pianist and composer, politician and spokesman for Polish independence.  He was a favorite of concert audiences around the world.  His musical fame opened access to diplomacy and the media. <SEP>  Although he lived for another 32 years, the symphony was virtually Paderewski's last composition; he wrote only one more work before his death in 1941 - a hymn for male chorus in 1917.  Around 1910, he commenced what would become a political career, culminating in becoming the first Prime Minister of independent Poland and signing the Treaty of Versailles on behalf of his nation in 1919.  He later returned to the concert platform as a virtuoso pianist. The Symphony in B minor "Polonia", Op. 24, was written by Ignacy Jan Paderewski between 1903 and 1908, and first publicly performed in 1909. <SEP> Metamorphosis Symphonies is the collective name for three symphonies by German composer, Martin Scherber.  The first was composed before the outbreak of World War II in Nuremberg.  After the war Scherber continued his musical path with the Second Symphony in F minor and the Third Symphony in B minor, which followed this directly. <SEP> William Henry "Billy" Reed (29 July 18752 July 1942) was an English violinist, teacher, minor composer, conductor and biographer of Sir Edward Elgar.  He was leader of the London Symphony Orchestra for 23 years (1912–1935), but is best known for his long personal friendship with Elgar (1910–1934) and his book "Elgar As I Knew Him" (1936), in which he goes into great detail about the genesis of the Violin Concerto in B minor.  The book also provides a large number of Elgar's sketches for his unfinished Third Symphony, which proved invaluable sixty years later when Anthony Payne elaborated and essentially completed the work, although Reed wrote that in his view the symphony could not be completed.