Question: Who led the movement against communism, in the country where, along with the nation that Ágnes Konkoly is from, many expelled French Jews relocated to?

historical records show evidence of jewish communities north of the alps and pyrenees as early as the 8th and 9th century. by the 11th century jewish settlers, moving from southern european and middle eastern centers, appear to have begun to settle in the north, especially along the rhine, often in response to new economic opportunities and at the invitation of local christian rulers. thus baldwin v, count of flanders, invited jacob ben yekutiel and his fellow jews to settle in his lands; and soon after the norman conquest of england, william the conqueror likewise extended a welcome to continental jews to take up residence there. bishop rüdiger huzmann called on the jews of mainz to relocate to speyer. in all of these decisions, the idea that jews had the know-how and capacity to jump-start the economy, improve revenues, and enlarge trade seems to have played a prominent role. typically jews relocated close to the markets and churches in town centres, where, though they came under the authority of both royal and ecclesiastical powers, they were accorded administrative autonomy. <SEP> Ágnes Konkoly (born 23 July 1987) is a Hungarian model, wedding planner and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Universe Hungary 2012 and represented her country in the Miss Universe 2012 pageants. <SEP> Jewish communities were expelled from England in 1290 and from France in 1306. Although some were allowed back into France, most were not, and many Jews emigrated eastwards, settling in Poland and Hungary. The Jews were expelled from Spain in 1492, and dispersed to Turkey, France, Italy, and Holland. The rise of banking in Italy during the 13th century continued throughout the 14th century, fuelled partly by the increasing warfare of the period and the needs of the papacy to move money between kingdoms. Many banking firms loaned money to royalty, at great risk, as some were bankrupted when kings defaulted on their loans. [AE] <SEP> though it is widely accepted that the movement lasted from the 1960s into the early 1980s, the exact years of the movement are more difficult to pinpoint and are often disputed. the movement is usually believed to have begun in 1963, when ``mother of the movement ''betty friedan published the feminine mystique, and president john f. kennedy's presidential commission on the status of women released its report on gender inequality. the report revealed, that there was gender inequality, but also recommended changing it by giving paid maternity leave, greater access to education, and help with child care, along with friedan's book, which spoke to the discontent of many women (especially housewives), led to the formation of many local, state, and federal government women's groups as well as many independent feminist organizations. friedan was referencing a`` movement'' as early as 1964. <SEP> Solidarity (Polish: Solidarność, pronounced (sɔliˈdarnɔɕt͡ɕ) (listen); full name: Independent Self - governing Labour Union ``Solidarity ''-- Niezależny Samorządny Związek Zawodowy`` Solidarność'' (ɲezaˈlɛʐnɨ samɔˈʐɔndnɨ ˈzvjɔ̃zɛk zavɔˈdɔvɨ sɔliˈdarnɔɕt͡ɕ)) is a Polish labour union that was founded on 17 September 1980 at the Lenin Shipyard under the leadership of Lech Wałęsa. It was the first trade union in a Warsaw Pact country that was not controlled by a communist party. Its membership reached 9.5 million members before its September 1981 Congress (when it reached 10 million), which constituted one third of the total working - age population of Poland.