Question: Sparking the Marian civil war, who helped the recently abdicated queen to escape her imprisonment?

The background of the Spanish Civil War dates back to the end of the 19th century, when the owners of large estates, called "latifundia", held most of the power in a land-based oligarchy.  The landowners' power was unsuccessfully challenged by the industrial and merchant sectors.  In 1868 popular uprisings led to the overthrow of Queen Isabella II of the House of Bourbon.  In 1873 Isabella's replacement, King Amadeo I of the House of Savoy, abdicated due to increasing political pressure, and the short-lived First Spanish Republic was proclaimed.  After the restoration of the Bourbons in December 1874, Carlists and anarchists emerged in opposition to the monarchy.  Alejandro Lerroux helped bring republicanism to the fore in Catalonia, where poverty was particularly acute.  Growing resentment of conscription and of the military culminated in the Tragic Week in Barcelona in 1909.  After the First World War, the working class, the industrial class, and the military united in hopes of removing the corrupt central government, but were unsuccessful.  Fears of communism grew.  A military coup brought Miguel Primo de Rivera to power in 1923, and he ran Spain as a military dictatorship.  Support for his regime gradually faded, and he resigned in January 1930.  There was little support for the monarchy in the major cities, and King Alfonso XIII abdicated; the Second Spanish Republic was formed, whose power would remain until the culmination of the Spanish Civil War.  Monarchists would continue to oppose the Republic. <SEP> Loch Leven Castle is a ruined castle on an island in Loch Leven, in the Perth and Kinross local authority area of Scotland.  Possibly built around 1300, the castle was the location of military action during the Wars of Scottish Independence (1296–1357).  In the latter part of the 14th century, the castle was granted by his uncle to William Douglas, 1st Earl of Douglas, and remained in Douglas' hands for the next 300 years.  In 1588, the Queen's gaoler inherited the title Earl of Morton, and moved away from the castle.  Mary, Queen of Scots was imprisoned here in 1567–1568, and forced to abdicate as queen, before escaping with the help of her gaoler's family.  It was bought, in 1675, by Sir William Bruce, who used the castle as a focal point in his garden; it was never again used as a residence. <SEP>  Those who ruled in the name of her infant son James VI fought against the supporters of the Queen, who was exiled in England.  Edinburgh Castle, which was garrisoned in her name, became the focus of the conflict and surrendered only after an English intervention in May 1573.  The conflict in 1570 was called an "intestine war in the bowels of this commonwealth", and the period was called soon after an "intestine war driven by questions against authority." The Marian civil war in Scotland (1568–1573) was a period of conflict which followed the abdication of Mary, Queen of Scots, and her escape from Loch Leven Castle in May 1568. <SEP> The Battle of Carberry Hill took place on 15 June 1567, near Musselburgh, East Lothian, a few miles east of Edinburgh, Scotland.  A number of Scottish lords objected to the rule of Mary, Queen of Scots after she had married the Earl of Bothwell, who was widely believed to have murdered her previous husband Lord Darnley.  The Lords were intent to avenge Darnley's death.  However, Bothwell escaped from the stand-off at Carberry while Queen Mary surrendered.  Mary abdicated, escaped from prison, and was defeated at the battle of Langside.  She went to exile in England while her supporters continued a civil war in Scotland.