Question: How were people from whom new coins were a proclamation of independence by the Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire expelled from the natural boundary between Thailand and Tham Pha's country?

thailand (/ ˈtaɪlænd / ty - land), officially the kingdom of thailand and formerly known as siam (until 1939 and again from 1946 to 1948), is a country at the centre of the indochinese peninsula in southeast asia. it is bordered to the north by myanmar and laos, to the east by laos and cambodia, to the south by the gulf of thailand and malaysia, and to the west by the andaman sea and the southern extremity of myanmar. its maritime boundaries include vietnam in the gulf of thailand to the southeast, and indonesia and india on the andaman sea to the southwest. the capital and largest city is bangkok. with around 69 million people, thailand is the 20th-most - populous country in the world. <SEP> economic and political migrations made an impact across the empire. for example, the russian and austria-habsburg annexation of the crimean and balkan regions respectively saw large influxes of muslim refugees – 200,000 crimean tartars fleeing to dobruja. between 1783 and 1913, approximately 5–7 million refugees flooded into the ottoman empire, at least 3.8 million of whom were from russia. some migrations left indelible marks such as political tension between parts of the empire (e.g. turkey and bulgaria) whereas centrifugal effects were noticed in other territories, simpler demographics emerging from diverse populations. economies were also impacted with the loss of artisans, merchants, manufacturers and agriculturists. since the 19th century, a large proportion of muslim peoples from the balkans emigrated to present-day turkey. these people are called muhacir. by the time the ottoman empire came to an end in 1922, half of the urban population of turkey was descended from muslim refugees from russia. <SEP> It restored a smaller, more manageable kingdom, encompassing Lower Myanmar, Upper Myanmar, Shan states, Lan Na and upper Tenasserim. The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese in 1613 and Siam in 1614. The Restored Toungoo kings created a legal and political framework whose basic features would continue well into the 19th century. The crown completely replaced the hereditary chieftainships with appointed governorships in the entire Irrawaddy valley, and greatly reduced the hereditary rights of Shan chiefs. Its trade and secular administrative reforms built a prosperous economy for more than 80 years. From the 1720s onward, the kingdom was beset with repeated Meithei raids into Upper Myanmar and a nagging rebellion in Lan Na. In 1740, the Mon of Lower Myanmar founded the Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom. Hanthawaddy forces sacked Ava in 1752, ending the 266-year-old Toungoo Dynasty. <SEP> It lies along the Indian and Eurasian Plates, to the southeast of the Himalayas. To its west is the Bay of Bengal and to its south is the Andaman Sea. It is strategically located near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes. Myanmar (also known as Burma) is the northwestern-most country of mainland Southeast Asia, bordering China, India, Bangladesh, Thailand and Laos. <SEP> The karst limestone cave was only discovered in April 2004 by a local farmer who upon entering it found a treasure trove of 229 Buddha statues, estimated to be over 450 years old. Tham Pha, also known as Buddha Cave, is a cave in Khammouane Province, Laos. It is believed that the Buddha statues were hidden to prevent them being looted by invading Haw peoples. The largest Buddha statue is seated at the main entrance. <SEP> The Portuguese discovery of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 initiated a series of Ottoman-Portuguese naval wars in the Indian Ocean throughout the 16th century. The discovery of new maritime trade routes by Western European states allowed them to avoid the Ottoman trade monopoly. The Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire, allied with the Ottomans, defied the Portuguese economic monopoly in the Indian Ocean by employing a new coinage which followed the Ottoman pattern, thus proclaiming an attitude of economic independence in regard to the Portuguese.