Question: When did Nissan, the HPD ARX-03 maker and the Scion owner open US assembly plants?

A decade after the 1973 oil crisis, Honda, Toyota and Nissan, affected by the 1981 voluntary export restraints, opened US assembly plants and established their luxury divisions (Acura, Lexus and Infiniti, respectively) to distinguish themselves from their mass-market brands. Some buyers lamented the small size of the first Japanese compacts, and both Toyota and Nissan (then known as Datsun) introduced larger cars such as the Toyota Corona Mark II, the Toyota Cressida, the Mazda 616 and Datsun 810, which added passenger space and amenities such as air conditioning, power steering, AM-FM radios, and even power windows and central locking without increasing the price of the vehicle. <SEP> It was designed as an extension of its efforts to appeal towards younger customers. The Scion brand primarily featured sports compact vehicles (primarily badge engineered from Toyota's international models), a simplified "pure price" model, and eschewed trim levels in favor of offering a single trim for each vehicle with a range of factory and aftermarket options for buyers to choose from to personalize their vehicle. Scion is a discontinued marque of Toyota that started in 2003. The "Scion" name, meaning the descendant of a family or heir, refers both to the brand's cars and their owners. The brand first soft launched in the United States at selected Toyota dealers in the state of California in June 2003, before expanding nationwide by February 2004. In 2010, Scion expanded into Canada. In an effort to target the generation Y demographic, Scion primarily relied on guerrilla and viral marketing techniques. <SEP> by the early 1960s, the us had begun placing stiff import tariffs on certain vehicles. the so - called ``chicken tax ''of 1964 placed a 25% tax on imported light trucks. in response to the tariff, toyota, nissan motor co. and honda motor co. began building plants in the us by the early 1980s. <SEP> seattle remained the corporate headquarters of boeing until 2001, when the company separated its headquarters from its major production facilities; the headquarters were moved to chicago. the seattle area is still home to boeing's renton narrow-body plant (where the 707, 720, 727, and 757 were assembled, and the 737 is assembled today) and everett wide-body plant (assembly plant for the 747, 767, 777, and 787). the company's credit union for employees, becu, remains based in the seattle area, though it is now open to all residents of washington. <SEP> The 03a model utilizes a Honda V8 engine for use in the LMP1 category, while the 03b uses a turbocharged V6 engine for the LMP2 category. Three teams have already announced their use of the ARX-03 in the FIA World Endurance Championship and the American Le Mans Series, as well as at the 24 Hours of Le Mans. The HPD ARX-03a, ARX-03b, and ARX-03c are Le Mans Prototypes race cars developed by Honda Performance Development in 2012. Muscle Milk Pickett Racing have purchased an 03a for use in the American Le Mans Series, joined by two 03bs for Level 5 Motorsports. In the FIA World Endurance Championship, Strakka Racing and JRM Racing will campaign a single 03a each, joined by a single-car 03b entry by Starworks Motorsport in LMP2.