winkelee/scaling-down huggingface dataset:
Question: Who is from farther west, Halestorm or Audioslave?

 The four-piece band consisted of Soundgarden lead singer/rhythm guitarist Chris Cornell and Rage Against the Machine members Tom Morello (lead guitar), Tim Commerford (bass/backing vocals), and Brad Wilk (drums).  Critics first described Audioslave as a combination of Soundgarden and Rage Against the Machine, but by the band's second album, "Out of Exile", it was noted that they had established a separate identity. Audioslave was an American rock supergroup formed in Los Angeles in 2001.  Audioslave's sound was created by blending 1970s hard rock with 1990s alternative rock.  Moreover, Morello incorporated his well-known, unconventional guitar solos into the mix.  As with Rage Against the Machine, the band prided themselves on the fact that all sounds on their albums were produced using only guitar, bass, drums, and vocals. <SEP>  The group's self-titled debut album was released on April 28, 2009, through Atlantic Records.  Their second album "The Strange Case Of..." was released on April 10, 2012. Halestorm is an American hard rock band from Red Lion, Pennsylvania, consisting of lead vocalist and guitarist Lzzy Hale, her brother drummer and percussionist Arejay Hale, guitarist Joe Hottinger, and bassist Josh Smith.  Its lead single "Love Bites (So Do I)" from that album won their first Grammy Award for Best Hard Rock/Metal Performance on February 10, 2013. <SEP> Fort Harker, located in Kanopolis, Kansas, was an active military installation of the United States Army from November 17, 1866 to October 5, 1872.  The fortification was named after General Charles Garrison Harker, who was killed in action at the Battle of Kennesaw Mountain in the American Civil War.  Fort Harker replaced Fort Ellsworth, which had been located 1.6 km from the location of Fort Harker and was abandoned after the new fortifications at Fort Harker were constructed.  Fort Harker was a major distribution point for all military points farther west and was one of the most important military stations west of the Missouri River. <SEP> Fort Gibson is a historic military site located next to the present day city of Fort Gibson, in Muskogee County Oklahoma.  It guarded the American frontier in Indian Territory from 1824 until 1888.  When constructed, the fort lay farther west than any other military post in the United States; it formed part of the north–south chain of forts intended to maintain peace on the frontier of the American West and to protect the southwestern border of the Louisiana Purchase.  The fort succeeded in its peacekeeping mission for more than 50 years, as no massacres or battles occurred there.  The fort site is now managed by the Oklahoma Historical Society as the Fort Gibson Historical Site.  It is a National Historic Landmark.
Question: Mía Maestro had a role in the 2002 biopic directed by whom?

Frida is a 2002 American biopic drama film directed by Julie Taymor.  It depicts the professional and private life of the surrealist Mexican painter Frida Kahlo.  It stars Salma Hayek in her Academy Award-nominated portrayal as Kahlo and Alfred Molina as her husband, Diego Rivera.  The movie was adapted by Clancy Sigal, Diane Lake, Gregory Nava and Anna Thomas from the book "Frida: A Biography of Frida Kahlo" by Hayden Herrera. <SEP> Nadia Santos is a fictional character in the television series "Alias", and a main character during the series' fourth season.  She is played by Mía Maestro. <SEP>  She is best known for her role as Nora Martinez in "The Strain", Nadia Santos in the television drama "Alias", as Christina Kahlo in "Frida", and as Carmen in "The Twilight Saga". Mía Maestro (born June 19, 1978) is an Argentine actress and singer-songwriter. <SEP> Jean-Paul Leroux (born January 7, 1976) is a Venezuelan film actor.  His career started in small roles in theater, but his true career started in the critically acclaimed movie "Secuestro Express" in 2005, along with Argentine actress Mía Maestro.  He also appeared in the 2006 Venezuelan film "Elipsis" along with Gaby Espino, Edgar Ramirez and Christina Dieckmann among others.  He acted in the unrealesed Spanish-Venezuelan film "Lo Que Tiene el Otro", directed by Miguel Perello.  He also played the starring role in "Por Un Polvo", a Venezuelan Film by Carlos Malave.  In 2007 he acted in the Colombian Film "La Vida era en Serio" directed by Monica Borda.  And recently played the starring role in the Venezuelan Film "Las Caras del Diablo"
Question: How many Indians were killed in the massacre that "kyáiyótokan" was a survivor of?

 "kyáiyótokan" was also a survivor of the Marias Massacre and the brother of "Chief Heavy Runner" a confidant of Glacier author James Willard Schultz. Bearhead Mountain (8406 ft ) is located in the Lewis Range, Glacier National Park in the U.S. state of Montana.  The mountain is named for "kyáiyótokan", a Piegan warrior known for his war against the dreaded Assiniboine "White Dog". <SEP> The Marias Massacre (also known as the Baker Massacre or the Piegan Massacre) was a massacre of a friendly band of Piegan Blackfeet Indians on January 23, 1870, by the United States Army in Montana Territory during the Indian Wars.  About 200 Indians were killed, mostly women, children, and elderly men. <SEP> Indian South Africans are citizens and residents of South Africa that are of Indian descent.  The majority live in and around the city of Durban, making it "the largest 'Indian' city outside India".  Many Indians in South Africa are descendents of migrants from colonial India (South Asia) during late 19th-century through early 20th-century.  At times Indians were subsumed in the broader geographical category "Asians". <SEP> Joseph Horn Cloud born 1873 and died September 18, 1920.  His father was Horn Cloud and mother Nest, both parents died at the Wounded Knee Massacre along with two brothers William Horn Cloud (1876-1890), Sherman Horn Cloud (1865-1890) and a niece.  Joseph was a survivor of the massacre as well as his brother Daniel and half brother Dewey Beard [p. 89-95].  Dewey's mother was Yellow Leaf who also died during the massacre.  In the early 1900s a writer named Eli S. Ricker began research for a book he was going to call "The Final Conflict between the Red Men and the Palefaces."  He gathered sources and interviews about conditions and battles on the Plains during the last half of the 1800s.  He recorded the interviews in small note pads known to historians as the "Ricker Tablets."  One such interview was with Joseph telling Ricker what he witnessed at the Wounded Knee Massacre, "When the shooting began the women ran to the ravine.  The shooting was in every direction.  Soldiers shot into one another... Many of the Indians in the circle were killed.  Many of them mingled with the soldiers behind them, picking up guns from dead soldiers and taking cartridge belts."
Question: Psychopsis and Aubrieta are both genuses of which type of plants?

In the study of the biological sciences, biocommunication is any specific type of communication within (intraspecific) or between (interspecific) species of plants, animals, fungi, protozoa and microorganisms.  Communication basically means sign-mediated interactions following three levels of (syntactic, pragmatic and semantic) rules.  Signs in most cases are chemical molecules (semiochemicals, but also tactile, or as in animals also visual and auditive.  Biocommunication of animals may include vocalizations (as between competing bird species), or pheromone production (as between various species of insects), chemical signals between plants and animals (as in tannin production used by vascular plants to warn away insects), and chemically mediated communication between plants and within plants.  Biocommunication of fungi demonstrates that mycelia communication integrates interspecific sign-mediated interactions between fungal organisms soil bacteria and plant root cells without which plant nutrition could not be organized. <SEP> Psychopsis, abbreviated Psychp in horticultural trade, is a genus of 5 known species of orchids native to northern South America, Central America and Trinidad.  It was formerly included in the massively paraphyletic "wastebin genus" "Oncidium".  The genus as a whole is commonly called butterfly orchids, but some species of other orchid genera are also called thus. <SEP>  The genus is named after Claude Aubriet, a French flower-painter.  It originates from southern Europe east to central Asia but is now a common garden escape throughout Europe.  It is a low, spreading plant, hardy, evergreen and perennial, with small violet, pink or white flowers, and inhabits rocks and banks.  It prefers light, well-drained soil, is tolerant of a wide pH range, and can grow in partial shade or full sun. Aubrieta (commonly known as Aubretia) is a genus of about 12 species of flowering plants in the cabbage family Brassicaceae. <SEP> A binary cycle power plant is a type of geothermal power plant that allows cooler geothermal reservoirs to be used than is necessary for dry steam and flash steam plants.  As of 2010, flash steam plants are the most common type of geothermal power generation plants in operation today, which use water at temperatures greater than 182 C that is pumped under high pressure to the generation equipment at the surface.  With binary cycle geothermal power plants, pumps are used to pump hot water from a geothermal well, through a heat exchanger, and the cooled water is returned to the underground reservoir.  A second "working" or "binary" fluid with a low boiling point, typically a butane or pentane hydrocarbon, is pumped at fairly high pressure (500 psi ) through the heat exchanger, where it is vaporized and then directed through a turbine.  The vapor exiting the turbine is then condensed by cold air radiators or cold water and cycled back through the heat exchanger.
Question: Which university is further North,  University of New Hampshire or Stony Brook University?

 The university's Durham campus, comprising six colleges, is located in the Seacoast region of the state.  A seventh college, the University of New Hampshire at Manchester, occupies the university's campus in Manchester, the state's largest city. The University of New Hampshire (UNH) is a public research university in the University System of New Hampshire, in the United States.  The University of New Hampshire School of Law, known as the Franklin Pierce Law Center until 2010, is located in Concord, the state's capital. <SEP> The Stony Brook University Track is the track/field at Stony Brook University serving as the home of the Stony Brook Seawolves men's and women's Track & Field Division I program.  The Track and Field is located in the west campus and limited to the east by the Kenneth P. LaValle Stadium, to the west by Circle Road, to the south by Stony Brook Sports Complex and the recreational basketball and handball courts, and limited to the north by the intramural baseball and soccer fields. <SEP> The State University of New York at Stony Brook is the largest residential campus in the SUNY system, with approximately 54.5% of its students living on campus.  Housing at Stony Brook is issued and controlled by Stony Brook University Campus Residences, which provides 9,445 spaces in its 11 corridor style buildings, 17 suite style buildings, and 23 apartment style buildings to Undergraduate students, Graduate students, and student's families.  The large majority of on-campus housing is provided to students on the university's west campus, but housing is available to those on east campus, and for Stony Brook Southampton students. <SEP> The State University of New York at Stony Brook (also known as Stony Brook University or SUNY Stony Brook) is a public sea-grant and space-grant research university located in Stony Brook, New York in the United States.  It is part of the State University of New York (SUNY) system.
Question: What election was Senator Harry Reid at in Nevada?

Lula Johnson Davis was Secretary for the Majority of the United States Senate from 2008 to 2011.  Davis was born in Louisiana.  She received a B.S. in office administration and an M.Ed., in guidance counseling from Southern University in Baton Rouge, Louisiana.  She began her career with the Senate as a legislative correspondent for Senator Russell B. Long of Louisiana.  After Senator Long retired from the Senate in January 1987, Davis worked as an office assistant for the Democratic Policy Committee’s Senate floor staff office.  In 1993, she became a member of the Democratic floor staff.  In 1995, she was promoted to chief floor assistant.  In 1997, she assumed the position of assistant secretary.  After the retirement of Martin P. Paone, in January 2008, the Senate elected Davis Secretary for the Majority.  As Secretary for the Majority, she was a senior procedural advisor to the Senate Majority Leader, Senator Harry Reid, and supervised the day-to-day Senate schedule.  In so doing, she often worked with Secretary for the Minority David J. Schiappa.  Davis told Senators what they could and could not do when it came to rules and procedure.  Consequently, Davis was called “one of the most powerful unelected people in the U.S. Senate.”  Davis retired at the end of the 111th Congress. <SEP> Robert T. Beers (born October 14, 1959) is an American accountant (CPA) and member of the Republican Party who currently serves as a member of the Las Vegas City Council, representing Ward 2.  He ran unsuccessfully for the Republican nomination for Governor of Nevada in 2006 and in January 2014, he announced that he would run against Democratic Senator Harry Reid in the 2016 U.S. Senate election, but he withdrew from the race in June 2015.  He was previously a member of the Nevada Assembly from 1998 to 2004 and the Nevada Senate from 2005 to 2008. <SEP> The 1998 United States Senate election in Nevada was held on November 3, 1998.  Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Harry Reid won re-election to a third term. <SEP> The 2016 United States Senate election in Nevada was held on November 8, 2016 to elect a member of the United States Senate to represent the State of Nevada, concurrently with the 2016 U.S. presidential election, as well as other elections to the United States Senate in other states and elections to the United States House of Representatives and various state and local elections.  The state primary election was held on June 14, 2016.
Question: Are William Kronick and Jon Turteltaub both television writers ?

Jonathan Charles Turteltaub (born August 8, 1963) is an American film director and producer. <SEP> "Jericho" is an American television drama series produced by Carol Barbee, Jon Turteltaub, Dan Shotz, Jonathan Steinberg, Josh Schaer, and Stephen Chbosky.  The series is set in the fictional town of Jericho, Kansas in the aftermath of the simultaneous nuclear attacks on 23 American cities.  Significant story arcs in the first season are the immediate aftermath of detonation of the bombs, the resulting isolation of the town, and confrontations between family, friends, bandits, and neighboring towns.  The second season focuses on the arrival of a new federal government, the imposition of a police state, and Jake Green's (Skeet Ulrich) and Robert Hawkins' (Lennie James) attempt to expose the masterminds behind the attack. <SEP> William Kronick is an American film and television writer, director and producer.  He worked in the film industry from 1960 to 2000, when he segued into writing novels. <SEP> Jon Stone (April 13, 1932 – March 30, 1997) was an American award-winning writer, director and producer, who was best known for being an original crew member on "Sesame Street" and is credited with helping develop characters such as Cookie Monster, Oscar the Grouch and Big Bird.  Stone won 18 television Emmy Awards Many regard him as one of the best children's television writers.
Question: The Zapruder film shows President John F. Kennedy's motorcade as it passed through a plaza that was named aNational Historic Landmark in what year? 

The Zapruder film is a silent, color motion picture sequence shot by private citizen Abraham Zapruder with a home-movie camera, as U.S. President John F. Kennedy's motorcade passed through Dealey Plaza in Dallas, Texas, on November 22, 1963, thereby unexpectedly capturing the President's assassination. <SEP> The President's Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy, known unofficially as the Warren Commission, was established by President Lyndon B. Johnson through Executive Order on November 29, 1963 to investigate the assassination of United States President John F. Kennedy that had taken place on November 22, 1963.  The U.S. Congress passed Senate Joint Resolution 137 authorizing the Presidential appointed Commission to report on the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, mandating the attendance and testimony of witnesses and the production of evidence.  Its 888-page final report was presented to President Johnson on September 24, 1964 and made public three days later.  It concluded that President Kennedy was assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald and that Oswald acted entirely alone.  It also concluded that Jack Ruby also acted alone when he killed Oswald two days later.  The Commission's findings have proven controversial and have been both challenged and supported by later studies. <SEP> Dealey Plaza , in the historic West End district of downtown Dallas, Texas (U.S.), is the location of the assassination of John F. Kennedy on November 22, 1963.  The Dealey Plaza Historic District was named a National Historic Landmark in 1993 to preserve Dealey Plaza, street rights-of-way, and buildings and structures by the plaza visible from the assassination site, that have been identified as witness locations or as possible assassin locations. <SEP> John F. Kennedy, the 35th President of the United States, was assassinated on Friday, November 22, 1963 at 12:30 p.m. Central Standard Time in Dallas, Texas while riding in a motorcade in Dealey Plaza.  Kennedy was fatally shot by a former U.S Marine, Lee Harvey Oswald, while he was riding with his wife, Jacqueline, Texas Governor John Connally, and Connally's wife, Nellie, in a presidential motorcade.  A ten-month investigation by the Warren Commission from November 1963 to September 1964 concluded that Oswald acted alone in shooting Kennedy, and that Jack Ruby also acted alone when he killed Oswald before he could stand trial.  Kennedy's death marked the fourth (following Lincoln, Garfield, and McKinley) and most recent assassination of an American President.  Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson became President upon Kennedy's death.
Question: What is the 2010 census population of the county where Wildcat Brook flows through Jackson?

Condover is a village and civil parish in Shropshire, England.  It is about 5 mi south of the county town of Shrewsbury, and just east of the A49.  The Cound Brook flows through the village on its way from the Stretton Hills to a confluence with the River Severn.  Condover is near to the villages of Dorrington, Bayston Hill and Berrington.  The population of the Condover parish was estimated as 1,972 for 2008, of which an estimated 659 live in the village of Condover itself.  The actual population measured at the 2011 census had fallen to 1,957. <SEP> Pontesbury is a large village and civil parish in Shropshire and is approximately eight miles southwest of the county town of Shrewsbury.  In the 2011 census, its population was 3,227.  The village of Minsterley is just over a mile further southwest.  The A488 road runs through the village, on its way from Shrewsbury to Bishop's Castle.  The Rea Brook flows close by to the north with the village itself nestling on the northern edge of the Shropshire Hills AONB. <SEP> Wildcat Brook, also known as the Wildcat River, is a 9.05 mi stream in the White Mountains of New Hampshire, in the United States.  It rises at Carter Notch in the township of Bean's Purchase in Coos County, and flows south through the town of Jackson in Carroll County to its confluence with the Ellis River near the town's southern boundary.  At Jackson Falls, near the town center, the stream descends 120 ft in 1/4 mi over scenic granite ledges, paralleled by New Hampshire Route 16B (Carter Notch Road).  The surrounding area is part of the Jackson Falls Historic District. <SEP> Carroll County is a county located in the state of New Hampshire, in the United States.  As of the 2010 census, the population was 47,818, making it the third-least populous county in New Hampshire.  Its county seat is Ossipee.  The county was created in 1840 and organized at Ossipee from towns removed from Strafford County.  It was named in honor of Charles Carroll of Carrollton, who had died in 1832, the last surviving signer of the United States Declaration of Independence.
Question: Dunstan is an electoral district that includes which suburb of Adelaide in the City of Norwood Payneham St Peters?

College Park (previously "College Town") is a suburb of Adelaide, South Australia in the City of Norwood Payneham St Peters. <SEP> The City of Campbelltown is a local government area in the north eastern suburbs of Adelaide, South Australia about 6 kilometres from the Adelaide GPO.  The City is bordered by the River Torrens and the City of Tea Tree Gully, the District of Adelaide Hills, the City of Burnside, the City of Norwood Payneham St Peters, and the City of Port Adelaide Enfield.  The City has an estimated population of 51,889 people. <SEP> Dunstan is an electoral district of the House of Assembly in the Australian state of South Australia, covering the inner eastern suburbs of Beulah Park, College Park, Evandale, Firle, Hackney, Joslin, Kensington, Kent Town, Marden, Maylands, Norwood, Payneham South, Royston Park, St Morris, St Peters, Stepney, Trinity Gardens and Vale Park and parts of Klemzig and Payneham. <SEP> Payneham South is a suburb of Adelaide in the City of Norwood Payneham St Peters.  It has traditionally been market gardens but is currently undergoing a building boom in which many smaller houses are being built.
Question: What type of profession does Ithu Engal Neethi and Shoba Chandrasekhar have in common?

Ithu Engal Neethi is a 1988 Indian Tamil film, directed by S. A. Chandrasekhar and produced by S. S. Neelakandan and Shoba Chandrasekhar.  The film stars Ramki, Radhika, Ramki and Vani Viswanath in lead roles.  The film had musical score by Ilayaraja. <SEP>  She is best known as the mother of Tamil Leading Star Vijay. Shoba Chandrasekhar is an Indian film playback singer, director, writer and producer. <SEP> Rajanadai is a 1989 Tamil crime film directed by S. A. Chandrasekhar.  The film features Vijayakanth, Gouthami, Vidhyashree and Seetha in lead roles.  The film, produced by Shoba Chandrasekhar, had musical score by M. S. Viswanathan and was released on 28 October 1989.  This movie did well in the box office at the time of its release.  The film was later remade in Hindi as "Jeevan Ki Shatranj". <SEP> Palaivana Solai is a 1981 Tamil drama film directed by the duo Robert — Rajasekhar.  The film features Suhasini Maniratnam, Chandrasekhar, Janagaraj, Rajeev, Kailash Nath and Thyagu in lead roles.  The film, produced by R. Vadivel, had musical score by Sankar Ganesh and was released on 17 October 1981.  The film was declared blockbuster at the box-office and the film has grown a strong cult film.  It was remade in Telugu as "Manchu Pallaki", in Malayalam as "Ithu Njangalude Katha" and it was remade in Tamil in 2009 under the same title.
Question: Luther: The Calling is based on the BBC crime drama comprising six episodes that were run in which year?

Luther: The Calling by Neil Cross is the first of three tie-in novels based on the BBC crime drama "Luther". <SEP> Luther is a British crime drama programme starring Idris Elba as the title character, DCI John Luther.  Written by Neil Cross, the first season, comprising six episodes, ran in May and June 2010.  A second season of four episodes aired on BBC One in June and July 2011.  A third series was commissioned in 2012, comprising four episodes aired in July 2013.  A two-episode fourth series was broadcast in December 2015.  A fifth series has been announced with filming due to start in early 2018. <SEP> "Happy Valley" is a British crime drama television series created by Sally Wainwright and produced by Red Production Company.  The first series of six episodes started airing on BBC One in the United Kingdom on 29 April 2014.  It was released on Netflix in the United States and Canada on 20 August 2014.  A second series of six episodes started airing on BBC One on 9 February 2016 and was made available on Netflix in the US later that year. <SEP> NCS: Manhunt is a British television crime drama series, starring David Suchet, and based on the National Crime Squad.  Created by Malcolm McKay, the series premiered with a two-part pilot episode on BBC One on March 26, 2001.  A full series of six episodes debuted on March 4, 2002, and concluded on March 19, 2002.  Despite the series popularity, and strong viewing figures, a second series was never commissioned.  Notably, neither the pilot nor the complete series have ever been issued on DVD, although the series was repeated in its entirety on Forces TV in 2016.  The series notably starred Michael Fassbender in one of his earliest television roles, after appearing in "Band of Brothers" the previous year.  Kenneth Cranham and Phyllis Logan also co-starred in the pilot episode.
Question: Are Glenn Bidmead and Jacob Hoggard both guitarist?

Jacob William Hoggard (born July 9, 1984) is a Canadian singer and songwriter.  He finished in third place on the second season of "Canadian Idol", in 2004.  He is the lead singer of the rock band Hedley. <SEP> Glenn Keith Bidmead (born 3 February 1962) is a Sydney-based singer, songwriter, guitarist, performer and producer.  With songwriting partner Steve Glover, he was a founding member of Australian rock band LemonJuice, which enjoyed several years of success in Japan and South Korea. <SEP> "Can't Slow Down" is a song recorded by Canadian pop rock band Hedley for their sixth studio album "Hello" (2015).  It was written by lead singer Jacob Hoggard with Jarrett Holmes and Brian Howes, and was produced by Howes, Hoggard, and Jason "JVP" Van Poederooyen with additional production from Holmes.  The song was first released to digital retailers on October 2, 2015 as the record's first promotional single and was later serviced to radio on August 25, 2016 as the fourth and final official single. <SEP> Ulcerate is a New Zealand-based extreme metal band formed by guitarist Michael Hoggard and drummer Jamie Saint Merat in 2000.  The band have released five full-length studio albums to date.  The band's fifth full-length album "Shrines of Paralysis" was released on October 28, 2016 on Relapse Records.  The band have been featured in numerous articles as one of New Zealand's most prominent extreme metal acts, have toured widely across North America and Europe, and have been compared favourably to bands such as Neurosis and Gorguts.  The band's sound has been described as "nauseating, disorienting and gleefully disharmonic", and is characterised by extremely technical death metal with extensive use of dissonance, time signature changes, and complex song structures.
Question: Where was the person born who was recognized by MIAL and is an American soprano?

Camille Amy Zamora (born December 14, 1970) is an American soprano recognized for her performance of opera, zarzuela, oratorio, art song and American songbook.  She performs repertoire ranging from the early Baroque to 21st century premieres by composers including Grammy Award winners Robert Aldridge and Herschel Garfein as well as Prix de Rome winner Christopher Theofanidis. <SEP>  Born and raised in Laurel, Mississippi, she rose to international acclaim in the 1950s and 1960s, and was one of the first African Americans to become a leading artist at the Metropolitan Opera. Mary Violet Leontyne Price (born February 10, 1927) is an American soprano. <SEP> A mamzer (Hebrew: ממזר‎ ‎ ) is a person born from certain forbidden relationships, or the descendant of such a person, in the Hebrew Bible and Jewish religious law.  A "mamzer" in modern Jewish culture is someone who is either born out of adultery by a married Jewish woman and a Jewish man who is not her husband, or born out of incest (as defined by the Bible), or someone who has a "mamzer" as a parent.  Mamzer status is not synonymous with illegitimacy, since it does not include children whose mothers were unmarried. <SEP> The Mississippi Institute of Arts and Letters (MIAL) is a privately funded foundation created to recognize annually the greatest accomplishments in art, music, literature, and photography among Mississippians.  The idea was conceived by, among others, former Mississippi Governor William Winter, Dr. Cora Norman, Dr. Aubrey Lucas, and Dr. Noel Polk in 1978, and the first awards were given out in 1980.  Past winners have included Walker Percy, Ellen Douglas, Ellen Gilchrist, Richard Ford, Larry Brown, Rick Bass, Lewis Nordan, Beverly Lowry, Donna Tartt, Clifton Taulbert, Barry Hannah, Willie Morris, Leontyne Price, Cynthia Shearer, Stephen Ambrose, Steve Yarbrough, Tom Franklin, Brad Watson, Shelby Foote, Natasha Trethewey, Birney Imes, Maude Schyler Clay, William Grant Still, Morgan Freeman, Christopher Maurer, Wyatt Waters, Logan Skelton, and many others.  Nominations for these awards may be made only by registered members of the Institute.  The winners are chosen by a jury of prominent academics in each of the seven fields: Fiction, Non-fiction, Visual Art, Concert Musical Composition, Popular Musical Composition, Photography, and Poetry.  The ceremony is held in a different Mississippi city each year.  Lifetime achievement awards have been presented to artists such as Gulf Coast painter and potter Walter Anderson, Jackson writer Eudora Welty, and the distinguished film actor from the Delta, Morgan Freeman.
Question: Which is a type of gun dog, the Labrador Retriever or the Tibetan Terrier?

 Some old travelers' accounts refer to the dog as Dokhi Apso or "outdoor" Apso, indicating a shaggy or bearded working dog which lives outdoors. The Tibetan Terrier is a medium-size breed of dog that originated in Tibet.  Despite its name, it is not a member of the terrier group.  The breed was given its English name by European travelers due to its resemblance to known terrier breeds.  The Tibetan name for the breed, Tsang Apso, roughly translates to "shaggy or bearded ("apso") dog, from the province of Tsang". <SEP> João Fernandes Lavrador (] ) was a Portuguese explorer of the late 15th century.  He was the first modern explorer in the coasts of the Northeast of Northern America, including the Labrador peninsula, which bears his name.  The popular dog breed Labrador Retriever is named after the peninsula and thus by effect also bears his name. <SEP> A retriever is a type of gun dog that retrieves game for a hunter.  Generally gun dogs are divided into three major classifications: retrievers, flushing spaniels, and pointing breeds. Retrievers were bred primarily to retrieve birds or other prey and return them to the hunter without damage; retrievers are distinguished in that nonslip retrieval is their primary function.  As a result, retriever breeds are bred for soft mouths and a great willingness to please, learn, and obey.  A soft mouth refers to the willingness of the dog to carry game in its mouth without biting into it.  "Hard mouth" is a serious fault in a hunting dog and is very difficult to correct.  A hard-mouthed dog renders game unpresentable or at worst inedible. <SEP> The Labrador Retriever, also Labrador, is a type of retriever-gun dog.  The Labrador is one of the most popular breeds of dog in the United Kingdom and the United States.
Question: Cheek to cheek tour played shows at what place that is located on the Las Vegas strip that began their tour?

Las Vegas Mob Experience was located at the Tropicana on the Las Vegas Strip.  The Las Vegas Mob Experience was a 27000 sqft interactive tour that chronicled the rise and fall of the Mafia in the Las Vegas Valley, mixing entertainment with history, storytelling, artifacts and technology.  Visitors take a journeyed through the world of organized crime, interacting with live character actors and 3D holograms of famous mob movie icons and celebrity gangsters such as James Caan, Frank Vincent, Tony Sirico and Mickey Rourke. <SEP> The Angels Advocate Tour was the seventh concert tour by American recording artist Mariah Carey.  Launched on New Year's Eve 2009, the tour supported her twelfth studio album, "Memoirs of an Imperfect Angel".  The tour played over 20 shows, mainly visiting the United States, eastern Canada and also Egypt, Brazil and Singapore.  It began December 31, 2009 in New York City, New York and concluded on February 27, 2010 in Las Vegas, Nevada.  The tour grossed $9.1 million, selling 88,930 tickets. <SEP>  The tour, which began with a two-night run at The Cosmopolitan in Las Vegas, played a total of 36 shows across Europe and North America during the first half of 2015. The Cheek to Cheek Tour was a co-headlining tour by American singers Tony Bennett and Lady Gaga in support of their album, "Cheek to Cheek" (2014).  Many of the tour's shows were part of music festivals, such as the Ravinia Festival, the Copenhagen Jazz Festival, the North Sea Jazz Festival, and the Gent Jazz Festival.  The Cheek to Cheek Tour grossed $15.3 million from 27 shows with a total attendance of 176,267. <SEP>  The resort opened on December 15, 2010, and is located just south of the Bellagio on the west side of Las Vegas Boulevard. The Cosmopolitan of Las Vegas (commonly referred to simply as The Cosmopolitan or The Cosmo) is a luxury resort casino and hotel on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada.
Question: Who is the original writer of the 1977 horror film?

The Hills Have Eyes is a 2006 American horror film and remake of Wes Craven's 1977 film of the same name.  Written by filmmaking partners Alexandre Aja and Grégory Levasseur of the French horror film "Haute Tension", and directed by Aja.  The film follows a family that is targeted by a group of murderous mutants after their car breaks down in the desert. <SEP> The Pack is a 1977 horror film about a pack of abandoned dogs who turn against humans by killing them for food at Seal Island. <SEP>  The film follows several U.S. Army National Guardsmen as they fight for survival against the mutant people living in a military base in the New Mexico desert.  "The Hills Have Eyes 2" was directed by German film director Martin Weisz and written by father and son team Wes and Jonathan Craven.  A graphic novel titled "" was published by Fox Atomic Comics to accompany the release of the film; it was released July 3, 2007. The Hills Have Eyes 2 is a 2007 American horror film, and the sequel to the 2006 film which was a remake of the 1977 horror film.  The film stars Michael McMillian, Jacob Vargas, Flex Alexander, and Jessica Stroup. <SEP> Bonnie MacBird is a writer, actress, playwright, screenwriter and producer known as the original writer of the science fiction film "Tron".
Question: John Hatzistergos was a Member of a council that has how many members ?

The Director of Policy Planning is the United States Department of State official in charge of the Department's internal think tank, the Policy Planning Staff.  In the Department, the Director of Policy Planning has a rank equivalent to Assistant Secretary.  The position has traditionally been held by many members of the U.S. foreign policy establishment.  Former Directors of Policy Planning include two National Security Advisors, a President of the World Bank, and several presidents of the prestigious Council on Foreign Relations. <SEP>  He is a former Australian politician who was a Member of the New South Wales Legislative Council representing the Australian Labor Party between 1999 and 2011, and a minister in various Labor Governments. John Hatzistergos (born 20 August 1960) is a judge of the District Court of New South Wales. <SEP> John Townsend (ca. 1608–1668) was an early settler of the American Colonies who emigrated from England about 1630.  Townsend was a signatory to the Flushing Remonstrance, a precursor to the United States Constitution's provision on freedom of religion in the Bill of Rights.  Because of religious persecution under the Dutch authorities of New Amsterdam, many members of this family who were Quakers settled in Oyster Bay.  There is no evidence in either Rhode Island or New York sources that John was a Quaker himself.  John Townsend arrived in Oyster Bay in 1661 and it was there where he died and was buried in the Townsend Cemetery on his own land.  Members of his family would go on to be distinguished leaders in the Oyster Bay community and on Long Island for centuries to follow. <SEP>  The Council has 42 members, elected by proportional representation in which the whole state is treated as a single electorate. The New South Wales Legislative Council, or upper house, is one of the two chambers of the parliament of the Australian state of New South Wales.  The other is the Legislative Assembly.  Both sit at Parliament House in the state capital, Sydney.  The Assembly is referred to as the lower house and the Council as the upper house.  It is normal for legislation to be first deliberated on and enacted in the lower house, and then considered in the upper house, which acts in the main as a house of review.  Members serve eight-year terms, which are staggered so that half the Council is up for election every four years—roughly coinciding with elections to the Legislative Assembly.
Question: Do Chestnut and Arenga trees both grow in the northern hemisphere?

 They are small to medium-sized palms, growing to 2–20 m tall, with pinnate leaves 2–12 m long. Arenga is a genus of palms, native to Southeast Asia, southern China, New Guinea, and northern Australia.  Arenga palms can grow in areas with little sunlight and relatively infertile soil. <SEP> Temperate deciduous forests or temperate broad-leaf forests are dominated by trees that lose their leaves each year.  They are found in areas with warm moist summers and mild winters.  The three major areas of this forest type occur in the Northern Hemisphere: eastern North America, East Asia, and Europe.  Smaller areas occur in Australasia and southern South America.  Examples of typical trees in the Northern Hemisphere's deciduous forests include oak, maple, beech, and elm, while in the Southern Hemisphere, trees of the genus "Nothofagus" dominate this type of forest.  The diversity of tree species is higher in regions where the winter is milder, and also in mountainous regions that provide an array of soil types and microclimates.  The largest intact, temperate deciduous forest in the world is protected inside of the six-million-acre Adirondack Park in Upstate New York. <SEP> The chestnut group is a genus (Castanea) of eight or nine species of deciduous trees and shrubs in the beech family Fagaceae, native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. <SEP> The American chestnut ("Castanea dentata") is a large, monoecious deciduous tree of the beech family native to eastern North America.  Before the species was devastated by the chestnut blight, a fungal disease, it was one of the most important forest trees throughout its range, and was considered the finest chestnut tree in the world.  It is estimated that between 3 and 4 billion American chestnut trees were destroyed in the first half of the 20th century by blight after its initial discovery in 1904.  Very few mature specimens of the tree exist within its historical range, although many small shoots of the former live trees remain.  There are hundreds of large (2 to 5 ft diameter) American chestnuts outside its historical range, some in areas where less virulent strains of the pathogen are more common, such as the 600 to 800 large trees in northern Lower Michigan.
Question: Who has a wider scope of profession, Christopher Guest or  Roman Karmen?

Roman Lazarevich Karmen (Russian: Рома́н Ла́заревич Карме́н ; 29 November [O.S. 16 November] 1906 in Odessa – 28 April 1978 in Moscow) was a Soviet war camera-man and film director and one of the most influential figures in documentary film making. <SEP>  Guest is most widely known in Hollywood for having written, directed and starred in his series of comedy films shot in mock-documentary (mockumentary) style. Christopher Haden-Guest, 5th Baron Haden-Guest (born February 5, 1948), simply known as Christopher Guest, is an English-American screenwriter, composer, musician, director, actor, and comedian who holds dual British and American citizenship.  Many scenes and character backgrounds in Guest's films are written and directed, although actors have no rehearsal time and the ensemble improvise scenes while filming them.  The series of films began with "This Is Spinal Tap" (directed by Rob Reiner), and continued with "Waiting for Guffman", "Best In Show", "A Mighty Wind", "For Your Consideration", and "Mascots". <SEP> Gerold (died 799) was an Alamannian nobleman who served the Frankish King, Charlemagne, as Margrave of the Avarian March and Prefect of Bavaria in what is now South-Eastern Germany.  Gerold played a significant role in the integration of Bavaria into the Frankish Kingdom during Carolingian expansion in the late 8th, and early 9th centuries.  Gerold both aided the continuity of Agilofing rule of Bavaria, as well as took steps to integrate Bavarians into the wider scope of the Frankish Kingdom.  Gerold was related both to the Agilofing family, the ruling class of Bavaria, as well as the Carolingian family.  The Agilofings had ruled Bavaria since Duke Garibald I in 548.  Gerold was born into the Agilofings, and his sister Hildegard was married to Charlemagne in 771. From these familial connections, he was appointed Prefect of Bavaria following the deposition of Duke Tassilo III in 788.  Gerold was heralded as a superb military commander, giving rise to his promotion to Prefect as a defender of the eastern border of the Frankish Kingdom.  In 799, Gerold is said to have fallen in battle against the Avars, shortly after the same Avars killed his ally, Erich, Duke of Friuli, through treachery. <SEP> The Women's Missionary and Service Commission, previously known as the Women's Missionary and Service Auxiliary and abbreviated WMSC or WMSA, was a women's organization of the "old" Mennonite Church that originated out of the Mennonite Sewing Circle movement.  Named the WMSC in 1971, there were many precursor organizations and it has since involved into Mennonite Women USA, an organization with a much wider scope.
Question: What American composer born in 1937 pioneered minimal music?

Ross Lee Finney Junior (December 23, 1906–February 4, 1997) was an American composer born in Wells, Minnesota who taught for many years at the University of Michigan.  He received his early training at Carleton College and the University of Minnesota and also studied with Nadia Boulanger, Edward Burlingame Hill, Alban Berg (from 1931-2) and Roger Sessions (in 1935).  In 1928 he spent a year at Harvard University and then joined the faculty at Smith College, where he founded the Smith College Archives and conducted the Northampton Chamber Orchestra.  In 1935, his setting of poems by Archibald MacLeish won the Connecticut Valley Prize, and in 1937, his "First String Quartet" received a Pulitzer Scholarship Award.  A Guggenheim Fellowship funded travel in Europe in 1937.  During World War II, Finney served in the Office of Strategic Services, and received a Purple Heart and a Certificate of Merit. <SEP> Stephen Michael Reich ( or ; born October 3, 1936) is an American composer who, along with La Monte Young, Terry Riley, and Philip Glass, pioneered minimal music in the mid to late 1960s. <SEP>  He is widely regarded as one of the most influential musicians of the late 20th century. Philip Morris Glass (born January 31, 1937) is an American composer. <SEP> Minimal music is a form of art music that employs limited or minimal musical materials.  In the Western art music tradition the American composers La Monte Young, Terry Riley, Steve Reich, and Philip Glass are credited with being among the first to develop compositional techniques that exploit a minimal approach.  It originated in the New York Downtown scene of the 1960s and was initially viewed as a form of experimental music called the "New York Hypnotic School."  As an aesthetic, it is marked by a non-narrative, non-teleological, and non-representational conception of a work in progress, and represents a new approach to the activity of listening to music by focusing on the internal processes of the music, which lack goals or motion toward those goals.  Prominent features of the technique include consonant harmony, steady pulse (if not immobile drones), stasis or gradual transformation, and often reiteration of musical phrases or smaller units such as figures, motifs, and cells.  It may include features such as additive process and phase shifting which leads to what has been termed phase music.  Minimal compositions that rely heavily on process techniques that follow strict rules are usually described using the term process music.
Question: Who died more recently, Lincoln Steffens, or Monique Wittig?

Monique Wittig (] ; July 13, 1935 – January 3, 2003) was a French author and feminist theorist who wrote about overcoming socially enforced gender roles and who coined the phrase "heterosexual contract".  She published her first novel, "L'Opoponax", in 1964.  Her second novel, "Les Guérillères" (1969), was a landmark in lesbian feminism. <SEP> Lincoln Joseph Steffens (April 6, 1866 – August 9, 1936) was a New York reporter who launched a series of articles in "McClure's", called "Tweed Days in St. Louis", that would later be published together in a book titled "The Shame of the Cities".  He is remembered for investigating corruption in municipal government in American cities and for his early support for the Soviet Union. <SEP> The Shame of the Cities is a book written by American author Lincoln Steffens.  Published in 1904, it is a collection of articles which Steffens had written for "McClure’s Magazine".  It reports on the workings of corrupt political machines in several major U.S. cities, along with a few efforts to combat them.  It is considered one of several early major pieces of muckraking journalism, though Steffens later claimed that this work made him "the first muckraker." <SEP> Lesbian feminism is a cultural movement and critical perspective, most influential in the 1970s and early 1980s (primarily in North America and Western Europe), that encourages women to direct their energies toward other women rather than men, and often advocates lesbianism as the logical result of feminism.  Some key thinkers and activists are Charlotte Bunch, Rita Mae Brown, Adrienne Rich, Audre Lorde, Marilyn Frye, Mary Daly, Sheila Jeffreys, Barbara Smith, Pat Parker, Margaret Sloan-Hunter, Cheryl Clarke, Gloria Anzaldua, Cherrie Moraga, and Monique Wittig (although the latter is more commonly associated with the emergence of queer theory).