Question: When did the city that spread Christianity to Rome, Egypt, Judea, and the country where Vasilopita originates, become the capital city of the Hebrews?

during the hellenistic period, judea became a frontier region between the seleucid empire and ptolemaic egypt and therefore was often the frontline of the syrian wars, changing hands several times during these conflicts. under the hellenistic kingdoms, judea was ruled by the hereditary office of the high priest of israel as a hellenistic vassal. this period also saw the rise of a hellenistic judaism, which first developed in the jewish diaspora of alexandria and antioch, and then spread to judea. the major literary product of this cultural syncretism is the septuagint translation of the hebrew bible from biblical hebrew and biblical aramaic to koiné greek. the reason for the production of this translation seems to be that many of the alexandrian jews had lost the ability to speak hebrew and aramaic. <SEP> Vasilopita (, "Vasilópita", lit. '(St.) Basil-pie' or 'king pie', see below) is a New Year's Day bread or cake in Greece and many other areas in eastern Europe and the Balkans which contains a hidden coin or trinket which gives good luck to the receiver, like the Western European king cake. It is associated with Saint Basil's day, January 1, in most of Greece, but in some regions, the traditions surrounding a cake with a hidden coin are attached to Epiphany or to Christmas. It is made of a variety of dough, depending on regional and family tradition, including tsoureki. In some families, instead of dough, it is made from a custard base called galatopita (literally milk-pita). The pie is also known as Chronópita (Χρονόπιτα  χρόνος: "chrónos ⇨ time/year" + πίτα: "píta ⇨ pie"), meaning New Year's Pie. <SEP> According to the Books of Samuel, the Jebusites managed to resist attempts by the Israelites to capture the city, and by the time of King David were mocking such attempts, claiming that even the blind and lame could defeat the Israelite army. Nevertheless, the masoretic text for the Books of Samuel states that David managed to capture the city by stealth, sending his forces through a ``water shaft ''and attacking the city from the inside. Archaeologists now view this as implausible as the Gihon spring -- the only known location from which water shafts lead into the city -- is now known to have been heavily defended (and hence an attack via this route would have been obvious rather than secretive). The older Septuagint text, however, suggests that rather than by a water shaft, David's forces defeated the Jebusites by using daggers rather than through the water tunnels coming through the Gihon spring. There was another king in Jerusalem, Araunah, during, and possibly before, David's control of the city, according to the biblical narrative, who was probably the Jebusite king of Jerusalem. According to the Bible, the Israelite history of the city began in c. 1000 BCE, with King David's sack of Jerusalem, following which Jerusalem became the City of David and capital of the United Kingdom of Israel. The city, which at that point stood upon the Ophel, was, according to the biblical account, expanded to the south, and declared by David to be the capital city of the Kingdom of Israel. David also, according to the Books of Samuel, constructed an altar at the location of a threshing floor he had purchased from Araunah; a portion of biblical scholars view this as an attempt by the narrative's author to give an Israelite foundation to a pre-existing sanctuary. <SEP> Early Christians gathered in small private homes, known as house churches, but a city's whole Christian community would also be called a church -- the Greek noun ἐκκλησία literally means assembly, gathering, or congregation but is translated as church in most English translations of the New Testament. The Apostolic sees claim to have been founded by one or more of the apostles of Jesus, who are said to have dispersed from Jerusalem sometime after the crucifixion of Jesus, c. 26 -- 36, perhaps following the Great Commission. <SEP> kenneth samuel wuest holds that all three original new testament verses' usages reflect a derisive element in the term christian to refer to followers of christ who did not acknowledge the emperor of rome. the city of antioch, where someone gave them the name christians, had a reputation for coming up with such nicknames. however peter's apparent endorsement of the term led to its being preferred over "nazarenes" and the term christianoi from 1 peter becomes the standard term in the early church fathers from ignatius and polycarp onwards.