Question: When did the place where the author of Princeps Pastorum died become its own country?

lord of the nutcracker men is a novel by canadian author iain lawrence that takes place in england during the first year of world war i. the book was first published in october 2001 by the delacorte press, and it was later reprinted in may 2003 by dell-laurel leaf, an imprint of a division of random house, inc. the book has become a bestseller, and is included in the required reading lists of many american high schools. <SEP> Pope John XXIII (25 November 1881 – 3 June 1963) and Pope John Paul II (18 May 1920 – 2 April 2005) reigned as popes of the Roman Catholic Church and the sovereigns of Vatican City (respectively from 1958 to 1963 and 1978 to 2005). Their canonizations were held on 27 April 2014. The decision to canonize was made official by Pope Francis on 5 July 2013 following the recognition of a miracle attributed to the intercession of John Paul II, while John XXIII was canonized for his merits of opening the Second Vatican Council. The date of the canonization was assigned on 30 September 2013. <SEP> primus inter pares (ancient greek: πρῶτος μεταξὺ ἴσων, prōtos metaxỳ ísōn) is a latin phrase meaning first among equals. it is typically used as an honorary title for those who are formally equal to other members of their group but are accorded unofficial respect, traditionally owing to their seniority in office. historically, the princeps senatus of the roman senate was such a figure and initially bore only the distinction that he was allowed to speak first during debate. also, constantine the great was given the role of primus inter pares. however, the term is also often used ironically or self - deprecatingly by leaders with much higher status as a form of respect, camaraderie, or propaganda. after the fall of the republic, roman emperors initially referred to themselves only as princeps despite having power of life and death over their ``fellow citizens ''. various modern figures such as the chair of the federal reserve, the prime minister of parliamentary regimes, the federal president of switzerland, the chief justice of the united states, the archbishop of canterbury of the anglican communion and the ecumenical patriarch of the eastern orthodox church fall under both senses: bearing higher status and various additional powers while remaining still merely equal to their peers in important senses. <SEP> The name is taken from Vatican Hill, the geographic location of the state. The name Vatican city was first used in the Lateran Treaty, signed on 11 February 1929, which established the modern city - state. ``Vatican ''is derived from the name of an Etruscan settlement, Vatica or Vaticum meaning garden, located in the general area the Romans called vaticanus ager,`` Vatican territory''. <SEP> Princeps pastorum (Latin for 'Prince of the shepherds') is the title of an encyclical letter promulgated by Pope John XXIII on 28 November 1959. It is derived from a biblical passage: I Peter 5:4. In its English translation the letter opens with the phrase "On the day when "the Prince of the shepherds" entrusted to Us His lambs and sheep". It refers to Jesus Christ.