Question: What year did the director of The Quiet American die?

Passages:
The Quiet American is a 1955 novel by English author Graham Greene which depicts French colonialism in Vietnam being uprooted by the Americans during the 1950s.  The novel implicitly questions the foundations of growing American involvement in Vietnam in the 1950s and is unique in its exploration of the subject topic through the links among its three main characters - Fowler, Pyle and Phuong.  The novel has received much attention due to its prediction of the outcome of the Vietnam War and subsequent American foreign policy since the 1950s.  Graham Greene portrays a U.S. official named Pyle as so blinded by American exceptionalism that he cannot see the calamities he brings upon the Vietnamese.  It was adapted as two different movies during 1958 and 2002.  The book uses Greene's experiences as a war correspondent for "The Times" and "Le Figaro" in French Indochina 1951–1954.  He was apparently inspired to write "The Quiet American" during October 1951 while driving back to Saigon from Ben Tre province.  He was accompanied by an American aid worker who lectured him about finding a "third force in Vietnam” . Seattle Smooth is a thoroughbred mare bred in Kentucky by Dr. Oscar Benavides in collaboration with Darley Stud.  Seattle Smooth's dam is the unraced mare, Our Seattle Star, by Seattle Song who was bred to Quiet American; a Grade 1 winner by Fappiano who was in turn sired by the great Mr. Prospector.  Being sired by Quiet American makes her-half sister to Kentucky Derby and Preakness Stakes winner Real Quiet, who lost the 1998 Triple Crown by a nose. Quiet American (April 29, 1986 – October 14, 2016) is an American thoroughbred racehorse foaled in Florida.  He is out of the Dr. Fager mare Demure, by the Grade I winner Fappiano, son of the great Mr. Prospector. Cara Rafaela was a grey Kentucky thoroughbred mare born in 1993 by the stallion Quiet American out of a Spectacular Bid mare Oil Fable.  She was a Grade 1 stakes winner and the 2006 Kentucky Broodmare of the Year. Audie Murphy (20 June 1925 – 28 May 1971) was a highly decorated American soldier and Medal of Honor recipient who turned actor.  He portrayed himself in the film ""To Hell and Back"", the account of his World War II experiences.  During the 1950s and 1960s he was cast primarily in westerns.  While often the hero, he proved his ability to portray a cold-blooded hired gun in "No Name on the Bullet".  A notable exception to the westerns was "The Quiet American" in which he co-starred with Michael Redgrave.  Murphy made over 40 feature films and often worked with directors more than once.  Jesse Hibbs who directed "To Hell and Back" worked with the star on six films, only half of which were westerns.  When promoting his 1949 book "To Hell and Back" he appeared on the radio version of "This Is Your Life".  To promote the 1955 film of the same name, he appeared on Ed Sullivan's "Toast of the Town".  He was a celebrity guest on television shows such as "What's My Line? " and appeared in a handful of television dramas.  Murphy's only television series "Whispering Smith" had a brief run in 1961.  For his cooperation in appearing in the United States Army's "Broken Bridge" episode of "The Big Picture" television series he was awarded the Outstanding Civilian Service Medal. The Quiet American is a 1958 American film and the first film adaptation of Graham Greene's bestselling novel of the same name, and the first major American attempt to deal with the geo-politics of Indochina.  It was written and directed by Joseph L. Mankiewicz, and stars Audie Murphy, Michael Redgrave, and Giorgia Moll.  It was critically well-received, but was not considered a box office success. C. S. Leigh (born 1964) is a British-American film director based in London and Paris.  In 1998 he premiered his directing debut "Sentimental Education" under his own name Christian Leigh.  His 2001 film "Far from China" starred singer and actress Marianne Faithfull and featured original music by Suede.  His 2005 film "See You at Regis Debray" is about Andreas Baader.  His last release was "A Quiet American: Ralph Rucci & Paris", a documentary about fashion designer Ralph Rucci.  "Projection", starring Lars Eidinger and Yekaterina Golubeva, is currently in post-production. Joseph Leo Mankiewicz (February 11, 1909 – February 5, 1993) was an American film director, screenwriter, and producer.  Mankiewicz had a long Hollywood career, and he twice won the Academy Award for both Best Director and Best Writing, Screenplay for "A Letter to Three Wives" (1949) and "All About Eve" (1950). The Quiet American is a 2002 film adaptation of Graham Greene's bestselling novel "The Quiet American".  It was directed by Phillip Noyce and starred Michael Caine, Brendan Fraser, and Do Thi Hai Yen. Hidden Lake (April 2, 1993 – September 29, 2016) was a Kentucky-bred daughter of stallion Quiet American out of the Round Table mare, Friendly Circle.  Slow to mature, she went on to be the champion older mare of 1997.

Supporting sentences:
 It was written and directed by Joseph L. Mankiewicz, and stars Audie Murphy, Michael Redgrave, and Giorgia Moll. Joseph Leo Mankiewicz (February 11, 1909 – February 5, 1993) was an American film director, screenwriter, and producer.