Question: Which man, Ibn Tufail or Ali Qushji, is best known for the development of astronomical physics independent from natural philosophy?

Passages:
John of Dumbleton (Latin "Ioannes De Dumbleton"; c. 1310 – c. 1349) was a member of the Dumbleton village community in Gloucestershire, a southwestern county in England.  Although obscure, he is considered a significant English fourteenth-century philosopher for his contributions to logic, natural philosophy, and physics.  Dumbleton’s masterwork is his "Summa Logicae et Philosophiae Naturalis" (Summary of Logic and Natural Philosophy), likely to have been composed just before the time of his death. Ibn Zuhr (Arabic: ‎ ‎ ; 1094–1162), traditionally known by his Latinized name of Avenzoar, was a Muslim Arab physician and surgeon and poet.  He was born at Seville in medieval Andalusia (present-day Spain), was a contemporary of Averroes and Ibn Tufail, and was the most well-regarded physician of his era.  He was particularly known for his emphasis on a more rational, empiric basis of medicine.  His major work, "Al-Taysīr fil-Mudāwāt wal-Tadbīr" ("Book of Simplification Concerning Therapeutics and Diet"), was translated into Latin and Hebrew and was influential to the progress of surgery.  He also improved surgical and medical knowledge by keying out several diseases and their treatments. <P1-S0> Zīj-i Sultānī (Persian: زیجِ سلطانی‎ ‎ ) is a Zij astronomical table and star catalogue that was published by Ulugh Beg in 1438-1439. <P1-S1>  It was the joint product of the work of a group of Muslim astronomers working under the patronage of Ulugh Beg at Samarkand's Ulugh Beg Observatory. <P1-S2>  These astronomers included Jamshīd al-Kāshī and Ali Qushji, among others. Theologus Autodidactus ("The Self-taught Theologian"), originally titled The Treatise of Kāmil on the Prophet's Biography (Arabic: الرسالة الكاملية في السيرة النبوية‎ ‎ ), also known as Risālat Fādil ibn Nātiq ("The Book of Fādil ibn Nātiq"), was the first theological novel, written by Ibn al-Nafis.  This work is one of the first Arabic novels, may be considered an early example of a science fiction novel, and an early example of a coming of age tale and a desert island story.  This novel was written sometime between 1268 and 1277.  It was partly a response to the philosophical novel "Hayy ibn Yaqdhan" by Andalusi writer Ibn Tufail. Ḥayy ibn Yaqẓān (Arabic: حي بن يقظان‎ ‎ ""Alive, son of Awake""; Latin: "Philosophus Autodidactus" ""The Self-Taught Philosopher""; English: The Improvement of Human Reason: Exhibited in the Life of Hai Ebn Yokdhan ), the first Arabic novel, was written by Ibn Tufail (also known as "Aben Tofail" or "Ebn Tophail"), a Arab philosopher and physician, in early 12th century Islamic Spain.  The novel was itself named after an earlier Arabic allegorical tale and philosophical romance of the same name, written by Avicenna (Ibn Sina) in the early 11th century, though they had different stories. Ibn Tufail (c. 1105 – 1185) (full Arabic name: أبو بكر محمد بن عبد الملك بن محمد بن طفيل القيسي الأندلسي "Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Abd al-Malik ibn Muhammad ibn Tufail al-Qaisi al-Andalusi"; Latinized form: "Abubacer Aben Tofail"; Anglicized form: "Abubekar" or "Abu Jaafar Ebn Tophail") was a Moorish Andalusian Muslim polymath: a writer, novelist, Islamic philosopher, Islamic theologian, physician, astronomer, vizier, and court official. <P0-S0> Sahn-ı Seman Medrese or Semâniyye (meaning: "eight courtyards") is a 15th-century Ottoman Medrese complex in Istanbul, Turkey, which was part of the Fatih Mosque. <P0-S1>  It was one of the highest educational facilities of various sciences such as theology, law, medicine, astronomy, physics and mathematics, and was founded by the Turk astronomer Ali Qushji who was invited by the Ottoman sultan Fatih Sultan Mehmed to his court in Istanbul. Physics (from the Ancient Greek φύσις "physis" meaning "nature") is the fundamental branch of science that developed out of the study of nature and philosophy known, until around the end of the 19th century, as "natural philosophy".  Today, physics is ultimately defined as the study of matter, energy and the relationships between them.  Physics is, in some senses, the oldest and most basic pure science; its discoveries find applications throughout the natural sciences, since matter and energy are the basic constituents of the natural world.  The other sciences are generally more limited in their scope and may be considered branches that have split off from physics to become sciences in their own right.  Physics today may be divided loosely into classical physics and modern physics. Aristotelianism ( ) is a tradition of philosophy that takes its defining inspiration from the work of Aristotle.  This school of thought is in the modern sense of philosophy, covering existence, ethics, mind and related subjects.  In Aristotle's time, philosophy included natural philosophy, which was replaced by modern science during the Scientific Revolution.  The works of Aristotle were initially defended by the members of the Peripatetic school and later on by the Neoplatonists, who produced many commentaries on Aristotle's writings.  In the Islamic Golden Age, Ibn Sina and Ibn Rushd translated the works of Aristotle into Arabic and under philosophers such as Al-Kindi, Al-Farabi, Avicenna and Averroes, Aristotelianism became a major part of early Islamic philosophy. Ala al-Dīn Ali ibn Muhammed (1403 – 16 December 1474), known as Ali Qushji (Ottoman Turkish/Persian language: علی قوشچی, "kuşçu" – falconer in Turkish; Latin: "Ali Kushgii") was an astronomer, mathematician and physicist originally from Samarkand, who settled in the Ottoman Empire some time before 1472.  As a disciple of Ulugh Beg, he is best known for the development of astronomical physics independent from natural philosophy, and for providing empirical evidence for the Earth's rotation in his treatise, "Concerning the Supposed Dependence of Astronomy upon Philosophy".  In addition to his contributions to Ulugh Beg's famous work Zij-i-Sultani and to the founding of Sahn-ı Seman Medrese, one of the first centers for the study of various traditional Islamic sciences in the Ottoman caliphate, Ali Kuşçu was also the author of several scientific works and textbooks on astronomy.

Supporting sentences:
 As a disciple of Ulugh Beg, he is best known for the development of astronomical physics independent from natural philosophy, and for providing empirical evidence for the Earth's rotation in his treatise, "Concerning the Supposed Dependence of Astronomy upon Philosophy". Ibn Tufail (c. 1105 – 1185) (full Arabic name: أبو بكر محمد بن عبد الملك بن محمد بن طفيل القيسي الأندلسي "Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Abd al-Malik ibn Muhammad ibn Tufail al-Qaisi al-Andalusi"; Latinized form: "Abubacer Aben Tofail"; Anglicized form: "Abubekar" or "Abu Jaafar Ebn Tophail") was a Moorish Andalusian Muslim polymath: a writer, novelist, Islamic philosopher, Islamic theologian, physician, astronomer, vizier, and court official.