Question: What philosophical system did the author of a novel about Howard Roark develop?

Passages:
Non-possession is a philosophy that holds that no one or anything possesses anything.  It is one of the principles of Satyagraha, a philosophical system based on various religious and philosophical traditions originating in India and Asia Minor, and put into practice by Mahatma Gandhi as part of his nonviolent resistance.  This particular iteration of aparigraha is distinct because it is a component of Gandhi's active non-violent resistance to social problems permeating India.  As such, its conception is tempered with western law.  Non-possession is, by definition, concerned with defining the concept of possession. The Fountainhead is a 1943 novel by Russian-American author Ayn Rand, her first major literary success.  The novel's protagonist, Howard Roark, is an individualistic young architect who designs modernist buildings and refuses to compromise with an architectural establishment unwilling to accept innovation.  Roark embodies what Rand believed to be the ideal man, and his struggle reflects Rand's belief that individualism is superior to collectivism. The Encyclopaedia of the Philosophical Sciences (abbreviated as EPS or simply Encyclopaedia; German: "Enzyklopädie der philosophischen Wissenschaften im Grundrisse" , EPW, translated as Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences in Basic Outline) by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (first published in 1817, second edition 1827, third edition 1830), is a work that presents an abbreviated version of Hegel's systematic philosophy in its entirety, and is the only form in which Hegel ever published his entire mature philosophical system.  The fact that the account is exhaustive, that the grounding structures of reality are ideal, and that the system is closed makes the "Encyclopedia" a statement par excellence of absolute idealism. William Desmond is an Irish philosopher who has written on ontology, metaphysics, ethics, and religion.  Former president of the Hegel Society of America and the Metaphysical Society of America, Desmond is professor of philosophy at the Higher Institute of Philosophy at the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven in Belgium, and also at Villanova University in Pennsylvania.  He is a past president of the American Catholic Philosophical Association.  In his trilogy, "Being and The Between", "Ethics and The Between", and "God and The Between", Desmond works out an entirely new and complete metaphysical/ontological philosophical system based on what he calls the potencies of being and the senses of being.  His most original contribution in his metaphysics is the notion of the "metaxological", which will be explained below.  Desmond's program consists mainly in exploring the senses in which modernity has devalued being and what "to be" and "the good" might mean. Andrzej Rusław Fryderyk Nowicki (b. 27 May 1919 in Warsaw – d. 1 December 2011 in Warsaw) was a Polish philosopher of culture, a specialist in the history of philosophy and of atheism, in Italian philosophy of the Renaissance and in religious studies and a connoisseur of the fine arts, poet and diplomat .  He conceived his own philosophical system which he called "the ergantropic and incontrological (Polish: "ergantropijno-inkontrologiczny" ) philosophical system of meetings within things".  He worked as an academic at the University of Warsaw (1952–63), the University of Wrocław (1963–73), the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin (1973–91) and achieved the rank of a professor.  He was co-founder and chairman of the Association of Atheists and Freethinkers and of the Polish Association for Religious Studies (Polish: "Polskie Towarzystwo Religioznawcze" ).  He was the founder and editor-in-chief of the "Euhemer" magazine.  He was the grandmaster of the Grand Orient of Poland in 1997–2002 and was a member of the committee of the Front of National Unity in 1958. Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel's Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion (LPR; German: "Vorlesungen über die Philosophie der Religion" , VPR) outlines his ideas on Christianity as a form of self-consciousness.  They represent the final and in some ways the decisive element of his philosophical system.  In light of his distinctive philosophical approach, using a method that is dialectical and historical, Hegel offers a radical reinterpretation of the meaning of Christianity and its characteristic doctrines.  The approach taken in these lectures is to some extent prefigured in Hegel's first published book, "The Phenomenology of Spirit" (1807). Roark Capital Group is an American private equity firm with over $6.5 billion in equity capital raised since inception that is focused on leveraged buyout investments in middle-market companies primarily in the franchise/multi-unit, restaurant and food, retail healthcare and business services sectors.  The firm is named for Howard Roark, the protagonist in Ayn Rand's novel, "The Fountainhead".  The firm's name is not meant to connote any particular political philosophy but instead signifies the firm's admiration for the iconoclastic qualities of independence and self-assurance embodied by The Fountainhead's central figure. The Randian hero is a ubiquitous figure in the fiction of 20th-century novelist and philosopher Ayn Rand, most famously in the figures of "The Fountainhead"' s Howard Roark and "Atlas Shrugged"' s John Galt.  Rand's self-declared purpose in writing fiction was to project an "ideal man"—a man who perseveres to achieve his values, even when his ability and independence leads to conflict with others. Ayn Rand ( ; born Alisa Zinov'yevna Rosenbaum , Russian: Али́са Зино́вьевна Розенба́ум ; February 2 [O.S. January 20] 1905  – March 6, 1982) was a Russian-American novelist, philosopher, playwright, and screenwriter.  She is known for her two best-selling novels, "The Fountainhead" and "Atlas Shrugged", and for developing a philosophical system she called Objectivism.  Educated in Russia, she moved to the United States in 1926.  She had a play produced on Broadway in 1935–1936.  After two early novels that were initially unsuccessful in America, she achieved fame with her 1943 novel, "The Fountainhead". "Four Great Women and a Manicure" is the twentieth episode of the twentieth season of "The Simpsons".  First broadcast on the Fox network in the United States on May 10, 2009, it was the second Simpsons episode (after "Simpsons Bible Stories") to have four acts instead of the usual three.  The episode tells four tales of famous women featuring "Simpsons" characters in various roles: Selma as Queen Elizabeth I, Lisa as Snow White, Marge as Lady Macbeth and Maggie as Howard Roark from Ayn Rand's "The Fountainhead".

Supporting sentences:
The Fountainhead is a 1943 novel by Russian-American author Ayn Rand, her first major literary success.  The novel's protagonist, Howard Roark, is an individualistic young architect who designs modernist buildings and refuses to compromise with an architectural establishment unwilling to accept innovation.  She is known for her two best-selling novels, "The Fountainhead" and "Atlas Shrugged", and for developing a philosophical system she called Objectivism.