winkelee/scaling-down huggingface dataset:
Question: Who nominated the justice who wrote the majority opinion in the Supreme Court case Christopher v. SmithKline Beecham Corp?

<P0-S0>  He was nominated by President George W. Bush and has served on the court since January 31, 2006. <P0-S1> Samuel Anthony Alito Jr. ( ; born April 1, 1950) is an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. <SEP> <P1-S0> Burnham v. Superior Court of California, 495 U.S. 604 (1990) , was a United States Supreme Court case addressing whether a state court may, consistent with the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, exercise personal jurisdiction over a non-resident of the state who is served with process while temporarily visiting the state. <P1-S1>  All nine justices unanimously agreed that this basis for personal jurisdiction—known as "transient jurisdiction"—is constitutionally permissible. <P1-S2>  However, the Court failed to produce a majority opinion, as the members were sharply divided on the reasons for the decision, reflecting two fundamentally different approaches to how due-process issues are to be analyzed. <P1-S3>  Justice Scalia wrote the lead opinion, joined in whole or part by three other Justices. <P1-S4>  Justice Brennan wrote an opinion joined by three other Justices. <P1-S5>  Justices White and Stevens wrote separate opinions. <SEP> <P2-S0> United States v. GlaxoSmithKline was a case before the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. <P2-S1>  Robert J. Merena was one of the first who filed claims against SmithKline Beecham Clinical Laboratories on November 12, 1993. <P2-S2>  The complaints alleged that GlaxoSmithKline, which operated a system of clinical laboratories, adopted myriad complicated procedures for the purpose of defrauding state and federal healthcare programs, in particular Medicare and Medicaid. <P2-S3>  The U.S. Justice Department publicly praised Robert Merena for his "cooperation and support" in helping the government collect the largest settlement ever involving a whistle-blower lawsuit. <P2-S4>  The SmithKline settlement is considered to be one of the largest whistleblower assisted recoveries in the history of the United States. <SEP> <P3-S0> Christopher v. SmithKline Beecham Corp., 567 US _ (2012) is a US labor law case of the United States Supreme Court. <P3-S1>  The court ruled in a majority opinion written by Justice Samuel Alito that sales representatives were classified as "outside salesmen" who are exempt from the Department of Labor's regulations regarding overtime pay. <P3-S2>  It held that pharmaceutical sales representatives were not eligible for overtime pay.
Question: The song "A Warrior's Call" by Volbeat is dedicated to a former boxer that held the WBA title how many times?

<P0-S0> Edwin "Chapo" Rosario (] ; March 15, 1963 – December 1, 1997) was a world champion professional boxer who competed from 1979 to 1997. <P0-S1>  He won the lightweight championship of the world three times, as the WBC lightweight champion (1983–84), and the WBA champion (1986–87) and (1989–90). <P0-S2>  Rosario won a 4th world championship after moving up to the junior welterweight division by claiming the WBA title, holding that crown from 1991 to 1992. <SEP> <P1-S0> Mikkel Kessler (born 1 March 1979) is a Danish professional boxer. <P1-S1>  He is a multiple-time super-middleweight world champion, having held the WBA title three times between 2004 and 2013, and the WBC title twice between 2006 and 2010. <SEP> <P2-S0> "A Warrior's Call" is a song by Danish heavy metal band Volbeat and the ninth track from their fourth studio album, "Beyond Hell/Above Heaven". <P2-S1>  It was released in 2011 as a single to active rock stations. <P2-S2>  The music video was directed by Matt Wignall. <P2-S3>  It is dedicated to former professional boxer Mikkel Kessler who provides vocals on the track. <P2-S4>  It was released in November 2011, and shows a rock concert and archive footage of Kessler. <SEP> <P3-S0> Gerhardus Christian "Gerrie" Coetzee (born 8 April 1955) is a South African former professional boxer who competed from 1974 to 1986, and in 1993 and 1997. <P3-S1>  He was the first boxer from the African continent ever to fight for, and win, a world heavyweight championship, having held the WBA title from 1983 to 1984. <P3-S2>  One of Coetzee's nicknames, "The Bionic Hand", came about because of persistent troubles with his right hand, which required the insertion of several corrective items during three surgeries. <P3-S3>  His Afrikaans nickname was ""Seer Handjies"", or "Little Sore Hands", named so by fellow South African boxing great Kallie Knoetze.
Question: Which comment provider in AFL Live was 16 when recruited from Mandurah, Western Australia, to the Richmond Football Club?

<P0-S0> Brian Taylor (born 10 April 1962) is a former Australian rules footballer and current Australian Football League (AFL) commentator on television for the Seven Network. <P0-S1> Taylor was only 16 when recruited from Mandurah, Western Australia, to the Richmond Football Club. <P0-S2>  He played with Richmond and Collingwood from 1980 to 1990. <SEP> <P1-S0> AFL Live is a sports game in the AFL series of Australian rules football video games. <P1-S1>  Commentary is provided by Dennis Cometti and Brian Taylor. <P1-S2>  It was developed by Big Ant Studios for PlayStation 3, Xbox 360 and Microsoft Windows. <P1-S3>  It was released on 21 April 2011. <P1-S4>  The Game of the Year Edition was released for The PlayStation Network and Xbox Live Marketplace on 6 June 2012 and was released for optical disc on 12 July 2012. <SEP> <P2-S0> Josh Caddy (born 28 September 1992) is a professional Australian rules footballer playing for the Richmond Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). <P2-S1>  He previously played for the Gold Coast Football Club from 2011 to 2013, and the Geelong Football Club from 2013 to 2016. <P2-S2>  He was drafted by Gold Coast with the seventh selection in the 2010 AFL draft. <P2-S3>  Caddy was recruited from TAC Cup side Northern Knights where he was captain for the 2010 season. <SEP> <P3-S0> Joel Hamling (born 9 April 1993) is a professional Australian rules footballer playing for the Fremantle Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). <P3-S1>  He was born in Denmark, Western Australia, but was brought up in Broome. <P3-S2>  After playing colts for Claremont in the WAFL, he was recruited by the Geelong Football Club with pick 32 in the 2011 national draft. <P3-S3>  After three years with Geelong without playing a senior match, he joined the Western Bulldogs as a delisted free agent at the end of the 2014 season. <P3-S4>  Hamling made his debut in round 9, 2015, against Greater Western Sydney at Etihad Stadium. <P3-S5>  After winning a premiership with the Western Bulldogs in 2016, he returned home to Western Australia when he was traded to the Fremantle Football Club.
Question: Which genus, Cymbopogon or Amherstia, has a larger native habitat?

<P0-S0> Centris pallida is a species of solitary bee native to North America. <P0-S1>  It lacks an accepted common name; however, it has been called the digger bee, the desert bee, and the pallid bee due to its actions, habitat, and color respectively. <P0-S2>  The solitary nature of this bee allows for a dual-strategy mating system which produces an evolutionarily stable state resistant to invading strategies. <P0-S3>  These bees have also evolved to withstand the high temperatures of their native habitat. <P0-S4>  "C. pallida" routinely has internal temperatures within 3 degrees Celsius of death. <SEP> <P1-S0> Cymbopogon, better known as lemongrass ( ; ), is a genus of Asian, African, Australian, and tropical island plants in the grass family. <SEP> <P2-S0> Cymbopogon flexuosus, also called Cochin grass or Malabar grass, is a perennial grass native to India, Sri Lanka, Burma, and Thailand. <P2-S1>  It is placed in the genus "Cymbopogon" (lemongrasses). <SEP> <P3-S0>  It is native to Burma (Myanmar), hence the common name. <P3-S1> Amherstia nobilis (Burmese: သော်ကကြီး ] ; the Pride of Burma, in the Fabaceae family) is a tropical tree with large, showy flowers. <P3-S2>  It is the only member of the genus Amherstia. <P3-S3>  It is widely cultivated for ornament in the humid tropics, but is very rare in the wild and has only been collected from its native habitat a few times. <P3-S4>  The scientific name commemorates Lady Amherst, (as does Lady Amherst's pheasant) and also her daughter Sarah. <P3-S5>  Another common name, the Orchid Tree, is otherwise reserved for members of the genus "Bauhinia".
Question: Oscar Torre was in the comedy film produced by which company?

<P0-S0> El Hijo del crack (meaning "Son of the Star") is a 1953 Argentine football drama film co-directed by Leopoldo Torre Nilsson and Leopoldo Torres Ríos and starring Armando Bo and Oscar Rovito. <P0-S1>  The film, a tale of a dwindling professional football star and his son was released on December 15, 1953 in Normandie cinema in Buenos Aires. <P0-S2>  The cast involved major professional football players of the time as Mario Boyé, Tucho Méndez and Ángel Labruna and journalists such as Fioravanti. <P0-S3>  It is the last film in which Leopoldo Torres Ríos and Leopoldo Torre Nilsson (father and son) worked together. <P0-S4>  The 77 minute film was produced by Sociedad Independiente Filmadora Argentina  (SIFA). <SEP> <P1-S0> Ilocana Maiden (Filipino: "Dalagang Ilocana" ), is a 1954 Filipino romantic comedy film produced by Sampaguita Pictures. <P1-S1>  The film is in black and white and was directed by Olive La Torre. <P1-S2>  It was also serialized over DZRH Sampaguita Radio Program. <P1-S3>  The movie also launched the career of Tita de Villa. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Hangover Part III is a 2013 American comedy film produced by Legendary Pictures and distributed by Warner Bros. <P2-S1>  Pictures. <P2-S2>  It is the third and final installment in "The Hangover" trilogy. <P2-S3>  The film stars Bradley Cooper, Ed Helms, Zach Galifianakis, Justin Bartha, and Ken Jeong. <P2-S4>  The supporting cast includes Jeffrey Tambor, Heather Graham, Mike Epps, Melissa McCarthy and John Goodman with Todd Phillips directing a screenplay written by himself and Craig Mazin. <P2-S5>  The film follows the "Wolfpack" (Phil, Stu, Doug, and Alan) as they try to get Alan the help he needs after facing a personal crisis. <P2-S6>  However, things go awry when an incident from the original film comes back to haunt them. <SEP> <P3-S0>  He is known for the role of Santo in the CBS TV series Cane (TV series), as one of the leads (Miguelito) in the LIONSGATE film To Rob a Thief (Spanish: Ladrón que Roba a Ladrón) and The Hangover Part III, and in 2014 directed "Pretty Rosebud", which starred his wife Chuti Tiu. <P3-S1> Oscar Torre is an actor, film director and Producer.
Question: Lechenaultia and Corokia, are native to which country?

<P0-S0> Argophyllaceae is a family of shrubs or small trees belonging to the order Asterales. <P0-S1>  The family includes two genera "Argophyllum" and "Corokia". <P0-S2>  Members of the family are native to eastern Australia, New Zealand, Lord Howe Island, New Caledonia, and Rapa Iti. <SEP> <P1-S0> Many of New Zealand's birds are endemic to the country, that is, they are not found in any other country. <P1-S1>  Endemic species differ from native or indigenous species in that native or indigenous species have generally and historically, migrated to a region or country and become established over a long period of time, whereas endemic species, have only ever inhabited the region or country where they were first discovered. <P1-S2>  Approximately 71% of the bird species breeding in New Zealand before humans arrived are widely accepted as being endemic. <SEP> <P2-S0> Lechenaultia is a genus of plants in the Goodeniaceae family. <P2-S1>  Some species of this genus are used like ornamental plants. "Lechenaultia" species are diverse in form: they may be woody or herbaceous, upright or prostrate with leaves flat, needle-like or virtually absent in mature plants. <P2-S2>  They are found in Australia and New Guinea (one species). <P2-S3>  The genus differs from other Goodeniaceae in the structure of the stigma and the fertilization mechanism. <SEP> <P3-S0>  "Corokia" species are shrubs or small trees with zigzagging (divaricating) branches. <P3-S1>  In fact, "Corokia cotoneaster" is commonly known as "wire-netting bush". <P3-S2> Corokia is a genus in the Argophyllaceae family comprising about ten species native to New Zealand and one native to Australia. <P3-S3>  The stems of the shrubs are dark when mature, covered with downy or silky hairs (tomentum) when young. <P3-S4>  In spring, they produce clusters of small, star shaped yellow blossoms. <P3-S5>  Berries are red or yellow. <P3-S6>  The shrubs prefer forests and rocky areas, sun or light shade, reasonably well drained soil, and moderate watering.
Question: What is the name of the first disc in the album the residency show I Am... Yours was held in support of?

<P0-S0> Urfe is the third studio album by British industrial black metal band The Axis of Perdition. <P0-S1>  It was released on January 16, 2009 on Code666 Records. <P0-S2>  It is a concept album about a man named Urfe who travels through the ruins of a desolate city all the while being led by a mysterious figure who goes by the name of "Pylon". <P0-S3>  The album, especially the first disc, is mostly a work of atmospheric spoken word being narrated by Leslie Simpson, who is also an actor who starred in several horror movies such as The Descent, Doomsday, and Dog Soldiers. <P0-S4>  The first disc 'Grief of the Unclean' is an ambient piece made up of atmospheric effects and spoken word. <P0-S5>  The second disc 'The Great Unwashed' is where the black metal and industrial metal comes into play, while still having some spoken word parts left, though more broken up in between the traditional black metal vocals of Brooke Johnson. <SEP> <P1-S0> Greatest Hits Volume II, also known as Greatest Hits Volume II... and Some Other Stuff, is the third greatest hits compilation album by American country music artist Alan Jackson. <P1-S1>  The original version of this album was only available through December, 2003 and contained two discs: the first disc has 16 hits and two new cuts, while the second disc has eight album tracks. <P1-S2>  Subsequent releases contained only the first disc. <SEP> <P2-S0> I Am... Yours was the first residency show by American singer Beyoncé. <P2-S1>  The concerts were held at the Encore at Wynn Las Vegas in Las Vegas, Nevada. <P2-S2>  Beyoncé performed over thirty songs backed by an orchestra and her all-female band, the Suga Mamas, to an audience of 1,500. <P2-S3>  The show was deemed "an intimate encounter" as Beyoncé portrayed a more raw and uninhibited show versus her previous concert performances. <P2-S4>  It was held four consecutive nights in July and August 2009 in support of her third studio album, "I Am... Sasha Fierce" (2008). <P2-S5>  The concept of the shows revolves around Beyoncé's recording career. <SEP> <P3-S0> I Am... Sasha Fierce is the third studio album by American singer Beyoncé. <P3-S1>  It was released on November 12, 2008 through Columbia Records and Music World Entertainment. <P3-S2>  The first disc, "I Am...", contains slow and midtempo pop and R&B ballads, while the second, "Sasha Fierce" (named after Beyoncé's on-stage alter ego), focuses on more uptempo beats that blend electropop and Europop genres. <P3-S3>  In its initial release, the album was formatted as a double album, intending to market Beyoncé's contrasting facets of artistry. <P3-S4>  In composing the songs' lyrics, Beyoncé worked with writers, with each session accompanied by live orchestration.
Question: Thursday Night Baseball includes a play-by-play announcer who has been on NBC Sports since what time period?

<P0-S0> Robert Quinlan Costas (born March 22, 1952) is an American sportscaster, on the air for NBC Sports television since the early 1980s. <P0-S1>  He was the prime-time host of 12 Olympic Games, from 1992 until 2016. <P0-S2>  Costas currently does play-by-play for MLB Network and hosts an interview show called "Studio 42 with Bob Costas". <SEP> <P1-S0> Thursday Night Baseball (formally known as MLB Network Showcase) is the title of a presentation of Major League Baseball on cable and satellite channel MLB Network (self-produced by MLB Network), that premiered on April 9, 2009. <P1-S1>  Longtime NBC Sports broadcaster Bob Costas is one of the play-by-play voices of the broadcasts. <P1-S2>  Matt Vasgersian also does play-by-play on some games. <P1-S3>  Jim Kaat, John Smoltz, and Tom Verducci provide color commentary. <P1-S4>  The network produces 26 non-exclusive live games a year during baseball season. <P1-S5>  Since one or both teams' local TV rights holders also carry the games, the MLB Network feed is subject to local blackouts. <P1-S6>  In that event, the cities in the blacked-out markets will instead see a simulcast of another scheduled game via one team's local TV rights holder. <SEP> <P2-S0> Ryan Burr (born March 17, 1972, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) is a sports television journalist. <P2-S1>  Burr has worked for the NBC Sports Group since 2012, with his duties mainly consisting of golf and college basketball coverage. <P2-S2>  For golf, he is the main studio host on NBC's Golf Channel, as well as an occasional play-by-play voice. <P2-S3>  For college basketball, he mainly works as a play-by-play announcer on East Coast telecasts airing on the NBC Sports Network. <P2-S4>  Before joining the NBC Sports Group, Burr was previously a studio host for ESPN. <P2-S5>  In his spare time, he enjoys being the worst commissioner in ESPN fantasy football history. <SEP> <P3-S0> Matthew Edward "Matt" Vasgersian (born September 28, 1967) is an American sportscaster and television host. <P3-S1>  Vasgersian is currently a play-by-play announcer for Fox Sports' coverage of Major League Baseball, as well as a studio host for the MLB Network. <P3-S2>  In the past he has served as an announcer for Fox Sports' National Football League coverage, NBC Sports' coverage of the Olympic Games, and NBC Sports' coverage of the short lived XFL. <P3-S3>  He formerly called play-by-play for the Milwaukee Brewers and the San Diego Padres.
Question: Are Saving Abel and The Black Crowes both American rock bands?

<P0-S0>  The band title is from the ancient biblical story of Cain and Abel, that is about a brother who killed his own brother. <P0-S1> Saving Abel is an American rock band from Corinth, Mississippi, who started in 2004 by Jared Weeks and Jason Null. <P0-S2>  Band member Jason Null thought up the band title saying "I Googled the story of Cain and Abel and found a line about ‘there was no saving Abel,’ which just jumped out at me." <SEP> <P1-S0> Trigger Hippy is an American rock band composed of Black Crowes drummer Steve Gorman, guitarist Guthrie Trapp, singer Joan Osborne and bassist Nick Govrik. <P1-S1>  Formerly of the group are Widespread Panic guitarist Jimmy Herring, former Black Crowes guitarist Audley Freed, session guitarist Tom Bukovac and singer/songwriter and Black Crowes guitarist Jackie Greene. <SEP> <P2-S0> Marc Ford (born April 13, 1966), is an American blues-rock guitarist. <P2-S1>  He's a former lead guitarist of the rock and roll jam band The Black Crowes and the leader of his own bands: Burning Tree, Marc Ford & The Neptune Blues Club, Jefferson Steelflex, Fuzz Machine, Marc Ford & The Sinners. <P2-S2>  He is currently performing with other former Black Crowes members in The Magpie Salute. <SEP> <P3-S0>  Their discography includes eight studio albums, four live albums and several charting singles. <P3-S1> The Black Crowes were an American rock band formed in 1989. <P3-S2>  The band was signed to Def American Recordings in 1989 by producer George Drakoulias and released their debut album, "Shake Your Money Maker", the following year. <P3-S3>  The follow-up, "The Southern Harmony and Musical Companion", reached the top of the "Billboard" 200 in 1992.
Question: what is the profession of the founder of non-profit organization Strikeouts For Troops?

<P0-S0> Barry William Zito (born May 13, 1978) is an American former professional baseball pitcher and musician. <P0-S1>  He played 15 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Oakland Athletics and San Francisco Giants. <P0-S2>  His pitching repertoire consisted of a curveball (his strikeout pitch), a four-seam fastball, a two-seam fastball, a circle changeup, and a cutter–slider. <SEP> <P1-S0> The Hawaii Rugby Football Union is the Local Area Union for Rugby Union teams in the state of Hawaii. <P1-S1>  Rugby Hawaii Inc. is non-profit organization and the Geographical Union (GU) under the umbrella of USA Rugby, the National organization founded in 1975. <P1-S2>  The Hawaii Youth Rugby SBRO (State Based Rugby Organization) is also a non-profit organization and a Level 3 SBRO under the USA Rugby umbrella. <SEP> <P2-S0> Protected Harvest is an American non-profit organization headquartered in Soquel, California that certifies sustainably grown crops. <P2-S1>  The goal of the organization is to provide a standard measurement of what constitutes a sustainable product and use it to assure retailers and consumers that they are pucharsing sustainably grown items. <P2-S2>  Protected Harvest was founded in 2001 as an independent non-profit organization and merged into SureHarvest in 2008. <P2-S3>  According to EcoLabeling.org, a non-profit monitoring certification programs, "Protected Harvest is an eco-label with the stated mission of helping farmers meet environmental standards that yield high quality products and preserve healthy land for future generations." <P2-S4>  Pest-management in particular is among the specialties of Protected Harvest, according to Consumer Reports. <SEP> <P3-S0>  Zito started the program after visiting a military hospital as a way to lift spirits and improve morale. <P3-S1> Strikeouts For Troops is a national non-profit founded in 2005 by Barry Zito to help injured US Troops and their families by providing 'the comforts of home' as they undergo treatment for injuries.
Question: How many women did the mass murderer portrayed by Maxim Gaudette in the 2009 film "Polytechnique" murder in 1989?

<P0-S0> Polytechnique is a 2009 Canadian film directed by Denis Villeneuve and written by Villeneuve and Jacques Davidts. <P0-S1>  Set in Montreal, Quebec and based on the École Polytechnique massacre (also known as the "Montreal Massacre"), the film documents the events of December 6, 1989, through the eyes of two students who witness a gunman murder fourteen young women. <SEP> <P1-S0> Fritz Heinrich Angerstein (January 3, 1891 – November 17, 1925) was a German mass murderer, who killed 8 people at his home in Haiger, on December 1, 1924. <P1-S1>  The subject of a media spectacle, Angerstein, along with Fritz Haarmann and Peter Kürten, is considered one of the "three great mass murderer trials" of the Weimar Republic-era of Germany. <SEP> <P2-S0> Marc Lépine (] ; born Gamil Rodrigue Liass Gharbi; October 26, 1964 – December 6, 1989) was a Canadian mass murderer from Montreal, Quebec, who in 1989 murdered 14 women, and wounded 10 women and four men at the École Polytechnique, an engineering school affiliated with the Université de Montréal, in the École Polytechnique massacre, also known as the "Montreal Massacre". <SEP> <P3-S0> Maxim Gaudette (born June 8, 1974) is a Canadian actor from Quebec. <P3-S1>  He won both the Genie Award for Best Supporting Actor and the Jutra Award for Best Supporting Actor in 2010 for his role as Marc Lépine in the 2009 film "Polytechnique".
Question: When was the author of the novel "Fires of Winter", born?

<P0-S0>  It is the first book in the Haardrad Family Saga Series. <P0-S1> Fires of Winter is a novel by Johanna Lindsey originally published in September 1980 by Avon Books. <SEP> <P1-S0> Johanna Lindsey (born Johanna Helen Howard, March 10, 1952), is one of the most popular American writers of historical romance novels worldwide. <P1-S1>  All of her books reached the "New York Times" bestseller list, many reaching No. 1. <SEP> <P2-S0> Greener Grass, published in 2009, is the second novel of Canadian author Caroline Pignat. <P2-S1>  The story revolves around a 14-year-old girl, Kit Byrne, living during the Great Famine of 1847 in Ireland. <P2-S2>  The Byrne family faces imminent eviction when their landlord, Lord Fraser, wants to repossess their land. <P2-S3>  He attempts to drive them out by raising the rent and having his estate manager, Lynch, set fires in the surrounding area. <P2-S4>  Kit works as a kitchen maid in the main house, but when she loses her job her mother is forced to sell precious family heirlooms and furniture. <P2-S5>  With her father dead, she must fight for survival and help her ailing mother and siblings escape Ireland for good. <SEP> <P3-S0> Patricia Marie Anthony (January 3, 1947 – August 2, 2013) was an American science fiction and slipstream author. <P3-S1>  Anthony published her first science fiction novel in 1992 with "Cold Allies", about the arrival of extraterrestrials in the midst of a 21st-century Third World War. <P3-S2>  This was followed by "Brother Termite", "Conscience of the Beagle", "The Happy Policeman", "Cradle of Splendor", and "God's Fires", each of which combined science fiction plots with other genres in unconventional ways. <P3-S3>  Several of her short-fiction works were republished in the 1998 collection "Eating Memories".
Question: Who wrote the Canadian sports comedy film which Goon: Last of the Enforcers was a sequel to 

<P0-S0> Joseph Marc Denis (born August 1, 1977) is a former Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender, who last played with the Montreal Canadiens of the National Hockey League (NHL). <P0-S1>  For the 2009–10 season, he was hired as the goaltenders' coach of the Chicoutimi Saguenéens, a Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL) team. <P0-S2>  He is currently working as a colour analyst for the Francophone Canadian sports station, RDS. <SEP> <P1-S0> The History of Canadian sports falls into five stages of development: early recreational activities before 1840; the start of organized competition, 1840-1880; the emergence of national organizations, 1882-1914; the rapid growth of both amateur and professional sports, 1914 to 1960; and developments of the last half-century. <P1-S1>  Some sports, especially hockey, lacrosse and curling enjoy an international reputation as particularly Canadian. <SEP> <P2-S0>  The main plot depicts an exceedingly nice but somewhat dimwitted man who becomes the enforcer for a minor league ice hockey team. <P2-S1> Goon is a 2011 Canadian sports comedy film directed by Michael Dowse, written by Jay Baruchel and Evan Goldberg, and starring Seann William Scott, Jay Baruchel, Liev Schreiber, Alison Pill, Marc-André Grondin, Kim Coates and Eugene Levy. <SEP> <P3-S0>  A sequel to "Goon" (2011), the film stars Seann William Scott, Baruchel, Liev Schreiber, Alison Pill, Elisha Cuthbert, Wyatt Russell, Marc-André Grondin and Kim Coates. <P3-S1> Goon: Last of the Enforcers is a 2017 sports comedy film directed by Jay Baruchel in his directorial debut and written by Baruchel and Jesse Chabot.
Question: Brian Schmidt won the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics with which  physics at the University of California, Berkeley?

<P0-S0> Brian Paul Schmidt {'1': ", '2': ", '3': 'AC, FRS, FAA', '4': "} (born on 24 February 1967 in Missoula, Montana) is the Vice-Chancellor of the Australian National University (ANU). <P0-S1>  He was previously a Distinguished Professor, Australian Research Council Laureate Fellow and astrophysicist at the University's Mount Stromlo Observatory and Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics. <P0-S2>  He is known for his research in using supernovae as cosmological probes. <P0-S3>  Schmidt shared both the 2006 Shaw Prize in Astronomy and the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics with Saul Perlmutter and Adam Riess for providing evidence that the expansion of the universe is accelerating, making him the only Montana-born Nobel laureate. <P0-S4>  He currently holds an Australia Research Council Federation Fellowship and was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2012. <SEP> <P1-S0> Nicholas B. Suntzeff (born November 22, 1952, San Francisco) is an American University Distinguished Professor and holds the Mitchell/Heep/Munnerlyn Chair of Observational Astronomy in the Department of Physics & Astronomy at Texas A&M University where he is Director of the Astronomy Program. <P1-S1>  He is an observational astronomer specializing in cosmology, supernovae, stellar populations, and astronomical instrumentation. <P1-S2>  With Brian Schmidt he founded the High-z Supernova Search Team, which was honored with the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2011 to Schmidt and Adam Riess. <SEP> <P2-S0>  He is a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, and was elected a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2003. <P2-S1> Saul Perlmutter (born September 22, 1959) is a U.S. astrophysicist at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and a professor of physics at the University of California, Berkeley. <P2-S2>  He is also a member of the National Academy of Sciences. <P2-S3>  Perlmutter shared the 2006 Shaw Prize in Astronomy, the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics, and the 2015 Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics with Brian P. Schmidt and Adam Riess for providing evidence that the expansion of the universe is accelerating. <SEP> <P3-S0> The 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded in 2011. <P3-S1>  One half of it was awarded to Saul Perlmutter, head of the Supernova Cosmology Product at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and the other half was awarded to Brian P. Schmidt and Adam G. Riess, both leaders of the High-Z Supernova Team. <P3-S2>  Their prize was awarded "for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae."
Question: Lodoicea and Nothofagus, are genus of what mutual species?

<P0-S0>  The species are ecological dominants in many temperate forests in these regions. <P0-S1> Nothofagus, also known as the southern beeches, is a genus of 43 species of trees and shrubs native to the Southern Hemisphere in southern South America (Chile, Argentina) and Australasia (east and southeast Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea and New Caledonia). <P0-S2>  Some species are reportedly naturalised in Germany and Great Britain. <P0-S3>  The genus has a rich fossil record of leaves, cupules and pollen, with fossils extending into the late Cretaceous and occurring in Australia, New Zealand, Antarctica and South America. <P0-S4>  In the past, they were included in the family Fagaceae, but genetic tests revealed them to be genetically distinct, and they are now included in their own family, the Nothofagaceae (literally meaning "false beeches" or "bastard beeches"). <SEP> <P1-S0> Lodoicea, commonly known as the sea coconut, coco de mer, or double coconut, is a monotypic genus in the palm family. <P1-S1>  The sole species, Lodoicea maldivica, is endemic to the islands of Praslin and Curieuse in the Seychelles. <P1-S2>  It formerly also was found on the small islets of St Pierre, Chauve-Souris and Ile Ronde (Round Island), all located near Praslin, but had become extinct there for a time until recently reintroduced. <P1-S3>  The name of the genus, "Lodoicea", is derived from "Lodoicus", the Latinised form of "Louis", in honour of King Louis XV of France. <SEP> <P2-S0> Misodendrum is a genus of hemiparasites which grow as mistletoes on various species of "Nothofagus". <P2-S1>  Its species are all restricted to South America. <P2-S2>  The name of the genus is incorrectly spelt in a number of ways, including "Misodendron" and "Myzodendron". <SEP> <P3-S0> "Psathyloma" is a genus of two species of mushroom-forming fungi in the family Hymenogastraceae. <P3-S1>  Used informally among New Zealand-based mycologists since 1997, the genus was formally circumscribed in 2016 with "Psathyloma leucocarpum" as the type species. <P3-S2>  The genus name, which combines "Psathyrella" and "Hebeloma", alludes to the morphological similarity of the fruit bodies. <P3-S3>  Both species in "Psathyloma" are found in New Zealand, where they fruit on the ground in "Nothofagus" forests.
Question: In what 2008 film directed by Tom Vaughan does Cameron Diaz appear? 

<P0-S0> Tom Vaughan (born 5 September 1969) is a Scottish television and film director. <P0-S1>  His work includes "Cold Feet" (1999) and "He Knew He Was Right" (2004) for television, and "What Happens in Vegas" (2008) and "Extraordinary Measures" (2010) for cinema. <SEP> <P1-S0> Cameron Michelle Diaz-Madden (born August 30, 1972) is an American actress, comedian, producer, former fashion model and author. <P1-S1>  She rose to stardom with roles in "The Mask" (1994), "My Best Friend's Wedding" (1997) and "There's Something About Mary" (1998), and is also known for voicing the character of Princess Fiona in the "Shrek" series (2001–2010). <P1-S2>  Other high-profile films include "Charlie's Angels" (2000) and its sequel "" (2003), "The Sweetest Thing" (2002), "In Her Shoes" (2005), "The Holiday" (2006), "What Happens in Vegas" (2008), "My Sister's Keeper" (2009), "Knight and Day" (2010), "The Green Hornet" (2011), "Bad Teacher" (2011), "What to Expect When You're Expecting" (2012), "The Counselor" (2013), "The Other Woman", "Sex Tape", and " Annie" (all 2014). <SEP> <P2-S0> Bang Bang! <P2-S1>  is a 2014 Indian action comedy film directed by Siddharth Anand and produced by Fox Star Studios. <P2-S2>  The film is an official remake of the Hollywood film "Knight and Day" and features Hrithik Roshan and Katrina Kaif in the lead roles performed by Tom Cruise and Cameron Diaz respectively in the original. <P2-S3>  The main antagonist of the film is Danny Denzongpa. <P2-S4>  The film was distributed and marketed by Fox Star Studios in collaboration with Fox International Productions worldwide. <SEP> <P3-S0>  The title is based on the Las Vegas marketing catchphrase "What happens in Vegas, stays in Vegas." <P3-S1> What Happens in Vegas is a 2008 American comedy film directed by Tom Vaughan, written by Dana Fox and starring Cameron Diaz and Ashton Kutcher.
Question: What  is a low-cost airline headquartered at Gurgaon, that is the largest airline in India, the third largest domestic airline being the flag carrier airline of India ?

<P0-S0> SpiceJet is a low-cost airline headquartered in Gurugram, India. <P0-S1>  It is the third largest airline in the country by number of domestic passengers carried, with a market share of 14.2% as of July 2017. <P0-S2>  The airline operates 312 daily flights to 55 destinations, including 45 Indian and 10 international destinations from its hubs at Delhi, Kolkata and Hyderabad. <SEP> <P1-S0> Tata SIA Airlines Limited, operating as Vistara, is an Indian domestic airline based in Gurgaon with its hub at Delhi-Indira Gandhi International Airport. <P1-S1>  The carrier, a joint venture between Tata Sons and Singapore Airlines, commenced operations on 9 January 2015 with its inaugural flight between Delhi and Mumbai. <P1-S2>  The airline had carried more than two million passengers by June 2016 and as of May 2017, has a 3.3% share of the domestic carrier market, making it the 6th largest domestic airline. <P1-S3>  The airline operates to nineteen destinations with a fleet of Airbus A320-200 aircraft. <P1-S4>  Vistara was the first airline to introduce premium economy seats on domestic routes in India. <SEP> <P2-S0> Air India is the flag carrier airline of India. <P2-S1>  It is owned by Air India Limited, a government-owned enterprise, and operates a fleet of Airbus and Boeing aircraft serving 90 domestic and international destinations. <P2-S2>  The airline has its hub at Indira Gandhi International Airport, New Delhi, alongside several focus cities across India. <P2-S3>  Air India is the largest international carrier out of India with an 18.6% market share. <P2-S4>  Over 60 international destinations are served by Air India across four continents. <P2-S5>  Additionally, the carrier is the third largest domestic airline in India in terms of passengers carried (after IndiGo and Jet Airways) with a market share of 13.5% as of July 2017. <P2-S6>  The airline became the 27th member of Star Alliance on 11 July 2014. <SEP> <P3-S0> IndiGo is a low-cost airline headquartered at Gurgaon, Haryana, India. <P3-S1>  It is also the largest individual Asian low-cost carrier in terms of jet fleet size and passengers carried, and the eighth largest carrier in Asia with over 41 million passengers carried in 2016. <P3-S2>  The airline operates to 46 destinations both domestic and international. <P3-S3>  It has its primary hub at Indira Gandhi International Airport, Delhi. <P3-S4>  It is the largest airline in India by passengers carried and fleet size, with a 38.7% market share as of July 2017.
Question: Whose battle lasted longer, the Battle of Iwo Jima or Operation Nordwind?

<P0-S0>  The American invasion, designated Operation Detachment, had the goal of capturing the entire island, including the three Japanese-controlled airfields (including the South Field and the Central Field), to provide a staging area for attacks on the Japanese main islands. <P0-S1>  This five-week battle comprised some of the fiercest and bloodiest fighting of the Pacific War of World War II. <P0-S2> The Battle of Iwo Jima (19 February – 26 March 1945) was a major battle in which the United States Marine Corps landed on and eventually captured the island of Iwo Jima from the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II. <SEP> <P1-S0>  It began on 31 December 1944 in Alsace and Lorraine in northeastern France, and ended on 25 January. <P1-S1> Operation North Wind (German: "Unternehmen Nordwind" ) was the last major German offensive of World War II on the Western Front. <SEP> <P2-S0> To the Shores of Iwo Jima is a 1945 Kodachrome color short war film produced by the United States Navy and United States Marine Corps. <P2-S1>  It documents the Battle of Iwo Jima, and was the first time that American audiences saw in color the footage of the famous flag raising on Iwo Jima. <SEP> <P3-S0> South Field was a World War II airfield on Iwo Jima in the Volcano Islands, located in the Central Pacific. <P3-S1>  The Volcano Islands are part of Japan. <P3-S2>  The airfield was located on the southern corner of Iwo Jima located on the Motoyama plateau, to the north of Mount Suribachi. <P3-S3>  South Field was significant to the overall Battle of Iwo Jima.
Question: Who was a successful artist at Philips Classics Records?

<P0-S0> Channel Classics Records is a record label from the Netherlands, specializing in classical music. <P0-S1>  The managing director and producer is C. Jared Sacks, who grew up in Boston. <P0-S2>  Sacks was schooled as a professional horn player at the Oberlin Conservatory of Music and the Conservatorium van Amsterdam. <P0-S3>  With fifteen years of experience in making music, Sacks decided to turn his hobby of making musical recordings into his work in 1987. <P0-S4>  The record label started in 1990 and was called after the street where he lived at the time, the Kanaalstraat in Amsterdam. <SEP> <P1-S0> Alfred Brendel KBE (born 5 January 1931) is an Austrian pianist, poet and author, known particularly for his performances of Mozart, Schubert, Schoenberg, and especially Beethoven. <SEP> <P2-S0> POINT Music was a record label that was started in 1992 as a joint venture between Philips Classics and Michael Riesman and Philip Glass’s Euphorbia Productions. <P2-S1>  In 1999, Decca Records became its distributor when it absorbed Philips in the aftermath of the merger that created Universal Music. <P2-S2>  It originally specialized in cutting-edge contemporary Western classical music, but it expanded to include film scores, some world music, and rock–classical crossover projects. <P2-S3>  It was shut down in 2002. <SEP> <P3-S0>  It was successful with artists including Alfred Brendel, Sir John Eliot Gardiner, Sir Neville Marriner and the Academy of St. Martin in the Fields, Mitsuko Uchida, Julian Lloyd Webber, Sir Colin Davis and André Rieu. <P3-S1> Philips Classics Records was started in the 1980s as the new classics record label for Philips Records.
Question: Who first disappeared in the history of a cruise line operation that is a subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company?

<P0-S0>  She was last seen in the crew lounge, where a security camera recorded her during a phone conversation that appeared to be causing her some emotional difficulty. <P0-S1>  Her disappearance was the first such incident in the history of Disney Cruise Line. <P0-S2> Rebecca Coriam (born 11 March 1987) is a British crewmember who disappeared from the cruise ship "Disney Wonder" off the Pacific coast of Mexico on the morning of 22 March 2011. <SEP> <P1-S0> Premier Cruise Line, a subsidiary of Premier Cruises, was a cruise line that was headquartered in Cape Canaveral, Florida. <P1-S1>  It was at one time licensed as the official cruise line of Walt Disney World and used the trademark "The Big Red Boat" based on the color scheme of some of its ships. <P1-S2>  Dolphin Cruise Line, a company that became a part of Premier, was headquartered on Dodge Island in Miami. <SEP> <P2-S0>  The company was incorporated in 1996 as Magical Cruise Company Limited and is domiciled in London, England, with their operational headquarters located in Celebration, Florida. <P2-S1>  The president, Karl Holz, will be replaced by Anthony Connelly in October 2017. <P2-S2> Disney Cruise Line is a cruise line operation that is a subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company. <SEP> <P3-S0> Disney Magic is a cruise ship owned and operated by the Disney Cruise Line, a subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company. <P3-S1>  She has 11 public decks, can accommodate 2,700 passengers in 875 staterooms, and has a crew of approximately 950. <P3-S2>  The interior of "Disney Magic" is decorated in the Art Deco style, in contrast to her sister ship, "Disney Wonder", which is decorated in the Art Nouveau style.
Question: Who is recognized as a hero for his actions in the aftermath of a megathrust earthquake off the coast of Japan that occurred at 14:46 JST (05:46 UTC) on Friday 11 March 2011?

<P0-S0> The Japan Trench is an oceanic trench, a part of the Pacific Ring of Fire, in the floor of the northern Pacific Ocean off northeast Japan. <P0-S1>  It extends from the Kuril Islands to the Bonin Islands and is 10554 m at its deepest. <P0-S2>  It is an extension of the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench to the north and the Izu-Ogasawara Trench to its south with a length of 800 km . <P0-S3>  This trench is created when the oceanic Pacific plate subducts beneath the continental Okhotsk Plate. <P0-S4>  The subduction process causes bending of the downgoing plate, creating a deep-sea trench. <P0-S5>  Continuing movement on the subduction zone associated with the Japan Trench is one of the main causes of tsunamis and earthquakes in northern Japan, including the megathrust Tōhoku earthquake and resulting tsunami that occurred on 11 March 2011. <SEP> <P1-S0> Hideaki Akaiwa (born c. 1968 in Ishinomaki, Miyagi prefecture, Japan) is recognized as a hero for his actions in the aftermath of the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami. <SEP> <P2-S0> The 2002 Mindanao earthquake struck the Philippines at 05:16 Philippine Standard Time on March 6 (21:16 Coordinated Universal Time on March 5). <P2-S1>  The sixth most powerful earthquake of the year, it registered a magnitude of 7.5 and was a megathrust earthquake. <P2-S2>  It originated near the Cotabato Trench, a zone of deformation situated between the Philippine Sea Plate and the Sunda Plate. <P2-S3>  The entire country is characterized by a high level of volcanic and seismic activity. <P2-S4>  The earthquake was responsible for 15 deaths and roughly 100 injuries. <P2-S5>  Up to 800 buildings were damaged as a result, many from a flood generated by landslides and falling debris. <P2-S6>  A tsunami followed the earthquake. <SEP> <P3-S0>  The earthquake is often referred to in Japan as the Great East Japan Earthquake (東日本大震災 , Higashi nihon daishinsai ) and is also known as the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake, and the 3.11 earthquake. <P3-S1>  It was the most powerful earthquake ever recorded in Japan, and the fourth most powerful earthquake in the world since modern record-keeping began in 1900. <P3-S2> The 2011 earthquake off the Pacific coast of Tōhoku (東北地方太平洋沖地震 , Tōhoku-chihō Taiheiyō Oki Jishin ) was a magnitude 9.0–9.1 (M) undersea megathrust earthquake off the coast of Japan that occurred at 14:46 JST (05:46 UTC) on Friday 11 March 2011, with the epicentre approximately 70 km east of the Oshika Peninsula of Tōhoku and the hypocenter at an underwater depth of approximately 29 km . <P3-S3>  The earthquake triggered powerful tsunami waves that reached heights of up to 40.5 m in Miyako in Tōhoku's Iwate Prefecture, and which, in the Sendai area, traveled up to 10 km inland. <P3-S4>  The earthquake moved Honshu (the main island of Japan) 2.4 m east, shifted the Earth on its axis by estimates of between 10 cm and 25 cm , and generated infrasound waves detected in perturbations of the low-orbiting GOCE satellite.
Question: What is the name of the book that was written by the author of Metamagical Themas?

<P0-S0>  Hofstadter's book "Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid", first published in 1979, won both the Pulitzer Prize for general non-fiction <P0-S1> Douglas Richard Hofstadter (born February 15, 1945) is an American professor of cognitive science whose research focuses on the sense of "I" (sense of self in relation to the external world), consciousness, analogy-making, artistic creation, literary translation, and discovery in mathematics and physics. <SEP> <P1-S0> In the platonia dilemma introduced in Douglas Hofstadter's book "Metamagical Themas", an eccentric trillionaire gathers 20 people together, and tells them that if one and only one of them sends him a telegram (reverse charges) by noon the next day, that person will receive a billion dollars. <P1-S1>  If he receives more than one telegram, or none at all, no one will get any money, and cooperation between players is forbidden. <P1-S2>  In this situation, the superrational thing to do is to send a telegram with probability 1/20. <SEP> <P2-S0>  The anthology was published in 1985 by Basic Books. <P2-S1> Metamagical Themas is an eclectic collection of articles that Douglas Hofstadter wrote for the popular science magazine "Scientific American" during the early 1980s. <SEP> <P3-S0> Lillian Maxine Serett (1924-1994), also known as Maxine Sanini and Maxine Savant, born Lillian Maxine Harrison in Groveton, Texas, January 28, 1924, an author and lecturer on sex and sex techniques. <P3-S1>  She is best known as the author of "The Housewife's Handbook on Selective Promiscuity", the only book ever to be banned by the United States Supreme Court. <P3-S2> ** When she was 36 and wrote the book, her legal name was Lillian Maxine Savant, but she wrote under the pseudonym of "Rey Anthony". <P3-S3>  The resulting court case, Ginzburg v. United States, resulted in Ralph Ginzburg serving six months in federal prison for publishing the book, but Savant, the author, was never prosecuted. <P3-S4>  "Maxine Serett" was an assumed name she took on only for the trial. <P3-S5>  At the time of her death from a massive heart attack at age 70 in Pasadena, Texas,** she had been using the assumed name Maxine Sanini for more than two decades. <P3-S6>  An ebook of "Housewife's Handbook on Selective Promiscuity," subtitled "Definitive Edition," edited by Toni Savant, one of Serett's five daughters, and containing a biography of the author, was published and posted on Amazon.com on May 26, 2012.