Question: The Edge of Evolution is by this American biochemist, author, and intelligent design (ID) advocate born in what year

<P0-S0> Phillip E. Johnson (born June 18, 1940) is a retired UC Berkeley law professor and author who is considered the father of the intelligent design movement. <P0-S1>  He is a critic of Darwinism, which he has described as "fully naturalistic evolution, involving chance mechanisms and natural selection". <P0-S2>  Johnson has said he believes "that a God exists who could create out of nothing if He wanted to do so, but who also might have chosen to work through a natural evolutionary process instead". <P0-S3>  Johnson rejects that evolution is a fact and favors neo-creationary views known as intelligent design (ID). <P0-S4>  He was a co-founder of the Discovery Institute's Center for Science and Culture (CSC) and is credited with establishing the wedge strategy, which aims to change public opinion and scientific consensus, and seeks to convince the scientific community to allow a role for theism, or causes beyond naturalistic explanation, in scientific discourse. <P0-S5>  The consensus of the scientific community considers Johnson's opinions on evolution to be pseudoscience. <P0-S6>  Johnson has argued that scientists accepted the theory of evolution "before it was rigorously tested, and thereafter used all their authority to convince the public that naturalistic processes are sufficient to produce a human from a bacterium, and a bacterium from a mix of chemicals." <SEP> <P1-S0>  Behe argues that while evolution can produce changes within species, there is a limit to the ability of evolution to generate diversity, and this limit (the "edge of evolution") is somewhere between species and orders. <P1-S1>  On this basis, he says that known evolutionary mechanisms cannot be responsible for all the observed diversification from the last universal ancestor and the intervention of an intelligent designer can adequately account for much of the diversity of life. <P1-S2>  It is Behe's second intelligent design book, his first being "Darwin's Black Box". <P1-S3> The Edge of Evolution: The Search for the Limits of Darwinism is an intelligent design book by Discovery Institute fellow Michael Behe, published by the Free Press in 2007. <SEP> <P2-S0> Intelligent Design: The Bridge Between Science and Theology is a 1999 book by William A. Dembski which presents an argument in support of intelligent design. <P2-S1>  Dembski defines the term "specified complexity", and argues that instances of it in nature cannot be explained by Darwinian evolution, but instead are consistent with the intelligent design. <P2-S2>  He also derives an instance of his self-declared law of conservation of information and uses it to argue against Darwinian evolution. <P2-S3>  The book is a summary treatment of the mathematical theory he presents in "The Design Inference" (1998), and is intended to be largely understandable by a nontechnical audience. <P2-S4>  Dembski also provides a Christian theological commentary, and analysis of, what he perceives to be the historical and cultural significance of the ideas. <SEP> <P3-S0>  He serves as professor of biochemistry at Lehigh University in Pennsylvania and as a senior fellow of the Discovery Institute's Center for Science and Culture. <P3-S1>  Behe is best known for his argument for his stance on irreducible complexity (IC), which argues that some biochemical structures are too complex to be explained by known evolutionary mechanisms and are therefore probably the result of intelligent design. <P3-S2>  Behe has testified in several court cases related to intelligent design, including the court case "Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District" that resulted in a ruling that intelligent design was not science and was religious in nature. <P3-S3> Michael J. Behe ( ; born January 18, 1952) is an American biochemist, author, and intelligent design (ID) advocate.