Question: The time period during which children were taught to memorize facts through methods originated began in which area of the continent having Gornergrat?

<P0-S0> It can be reached from Zermatt by the Gornergrat rack railway (GGB), the highest open-air railway in Europe. <P0-S1> The Gornergrat (; ) is a rocky ridge of the Pennine Alps, overlooking the Gorner Glacier south-east of Zermatt in Switzerland. <P0-S2> Between the Gornergrat railway station () and the summit is the Kulm Hotel () hosting the new Project "Stellarium Gornergrat" and until 2010 the "Kölner Observatorium für SubMillimeter Astronomie" KOSMA and before that (until 2005) the Gornergrat Infrared Telescope. <SEP> <P1-S0> the approach was originally developed by harold garfinkel, who attributed its origin to his work investigating the conduct of jury members in 1954. his interest was in describing the common sense methods through which members of a jury produce themselves in a jury room as a jury. <P1-S1> thus, their methods for: establishing matters of fact; developing evidence chains; determining the reliability of witness testimony; establishing the organization of speakers in the jury room itself; and determining the guilt or innocence of defendants, etc. <P1-S2> are all topics of interest. <P1-S3> such methods serve to constitute the social order of being a juror for the members of the jury, as well as for researchers and other interested parties, in that specific social setting. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Renaissance (UK: / rɪˈneɪsəns /, US: / rɛnəˈsɑːns /) is a period in European history, covering the span between the 14th and 17th centuries. <P2-S1> It grew in fragments, with the very first traces found seemingly in Italy, coming to cover much of Europe, for some scholars marking the beginning of the modern age. <P2-S2> It is an extension of the Middle Ages, and is bridged by the Age of Enlightenment to modern history. <SEP> <P3-S0> while the scientific community eventually came to reject all of these methods, academic psychologists also were not concerned with serious forms of mental illness. <P3-S1> that area was already being addressed by the developing fields of psychiatry and neurology within the asylum movement and the use of moral therapy. <P3-S2> it was n't until the end of the 19th century, around the time when sigmund freud was first developing his ``talking cure ''in vienna, that the first scientifically clinical application of psychology began -- at the university of pennsylvania, to help children with learning disabilities. <SEP> <P4-S0> The predominant educational psychology from the 1750s onward, especially in northern European countries was associationism, the notion that the mind associates or dissociates ideas through repeated routines. <P4-S1> Children were taught to memorize facts through oral and graphic methods that originated during the Renaissance. <P4-S2> In addition to being conducive to Enlightenment ideologies of liberty, self-determination and personal responsibility, it offered a practical theory of the mind that allowed teachers to transform longstanding forms of print and manuscript culture into effective graphic tools of learning for the lower and middle orders of society.