Question: Who was the first Emperor of the city that was the center of imperial life in the empire with the oldest recorded incident of civil disobedience?

<P0-S0> the café comercial is a café located at the glorieta de bilbao in central madrid, spain. <P0-S1> it is one of the city's oldest cafés, founded 21 march 1887 in the era of the bourbon restoration in spain. <P0-S2> it was a center for literary tertulias in the period following the spanish civil war. <P0-S3> a remnant of madrid's golden age, it was also one of the first madrid cafés to employ women among those serving tables. <SEP> <P1-S0> the site of the forbidden city was situated on the imperial city during the mongol yuan dynasty. <P1-S1> after the collapse of the yuan dynasty, the hongwu emperor of the ming dynasty moved the capital from beijing in the north to nanjing in the south, and in 1369 ordered that the yuan palaces be razed. <P1-S2> his son zhu di was created prince of yan with his seat in beijing. <P1-S3> in 1402, zhu di usurped the throne and became the yongle emperor. <P1-S4> he made beijing a secondary capital of the ming empire, and construction began in 1406 of what would become the forbidden city. <P1-S5> the forbidden city's plan was designed by many architects and designers, and then it was examined by the emperor's ministry of work. <P1-S6> the chief architects and engineers include cai xin, nguyen an, a vietnamese eunuch, kuai xiang, lu xiang and others. <SEP> <P2-S0> The ambitious Octavian built a power base of patronage and then launched a campaign against Mark Antony. <P2-S1> However, civil war flared again when the Second Triumvirate of Octavian, Lepidus and Mark Antony failed. <P2-S2> At the naval Battle of Actium off the coast of Greece, Octavian decisively defeated Antony and Cleopatra. <P2-S3> Octavian was granted a series of special powers including sole "imperium" within the city of Rome, permanent consular powers and credit for every Roman military victory, since all future generals were assumed to be acting under his command. <P2-S4> In 27 BC Octavian was granted the use of the names "Augustus" and "Princeps", indicating his primary status above all other Romans, and he adopted the title "Imperator Caesar" making him the first Roman Emperor. <SEP> <P3-S0> Around 100 CE, it had a population of about 450,000, and declined to a mere 20,000 during the Early Middle Ages, reducing the sprawling city to groups of inhabited buildings interspersed among large areas of ruins and vegetation. <P3-S1> For almost a thousand years, Rome was the most politically important, richest and largest city in Europe. <SEP> <P4-S0> Unarmed Jews gathered in the streets to prevent the installation of pagan images in the Temple in Jerusalem. <P4-S1> [citation needed][original research?] <P4-S2> In modern times, some activists who commit civil disobedience as a group collectively refuse to sign bail until certain demands are met, such as favorable bail conditions, or the release of all the activists. <P4-S3> This is a form of jail solidarity. <P4-S4> The earliest recorded incidents of collective civil disobedience took place during the Roman Empire[citation needed]. <P4-S5> [page needed] There have also been many instances of solitary civil disobedience, such as that committed by Thoreau, but these sometimes go unnoticed. <P4-S6> Thoreau, at the time of his arrest, was not yet a well-known author, and his arrest was not covered in any newspapers in the days, weeks and months after it happened. <P4-S7> The tax collector who arrested him rose to higher political office, and Thoreau's essay was not published until after the end of the Mexican War.