winkelee/scaling-down huggingface dataset:
Question: How many people who started the great migration of the Slavs live in the country where Vicentinopolis is located?

<P0-S0> following the russian occupation of afghanistan in 1979, mahboob left the country to move first to pakistan, and then to delhi, india in 1981. along with other afghan expatriates, mahboob started the journal "gahnama" ("irregular journal") to express cultural resistance against both the communist government of afghanistan and the mujahideen. <P0-S1> however, facing pressure from the mujahideen amongst the afghan community in india, she migrated once again to move to canada in 1983. <SEP> <P1-S0> Brazil is the second largest with 5 million people claiming German ancestry. <P1-S1> People of German origin are found in various places around the globe. <P1-S2> United States is home to approximately 50 million German Americans or one third of the German diaspora, making it the largest centre of German-descended people outside Germany. <P1-S3> Other significant centres are Canada, Argentina, South Africa and France each accounting for at least 1 million. <P1-S4> While the exact number of German-descended people is difficult to calculate, the available data makes it safe to claim the number is exceeding 100 million people. <SEP> <P2-S0> within a species not all populations may be migratory; this is known as "partial migration". <P2-S1> partial migration is very common in the southern continents; in australia, 44% of non-passerine birds and 32% of passerine species are partially migratory. <P2-S2> in some species, the population at higher latitudes tends to be migratory and will often winter at lower latitude. <P2-S3> the migrating birds bypass the latitudes where other populations may be sedentary, where suitable wintering habitats may already be occupied. <P2-S4> this is an example of leap-frog migration. <P2-S5> many fully migratory species show leap-frog migration (birds that nest at higher latitudes spend the winter at lower latitudes), and many show the alternative, chain migration, where populations 'slide' more evenly north and south without reversing order. <SEP> <P3-S0> According to eastern homeland theory, prior to becoming known to the Roman world, Slavic-speaking tribes were part of the many multi-ethnic confederacies of Eurasia – such as the Sarmatian, Hun and Gothic empires. <P3-S1> The Slavs emerged from obscurity when the westward movement of Germans in the 5th and 6th centuries CE (thought to be in conjunction with the movement of peoples from Siberia and Eastern Europe: Huns, and later Avars and Bulgars) started the great migration of the Slavs, who settled the lands abandoned by Germanic tribes fleeing the Huns and their allies: westward into the country between the Oder and the Elbe-Saale line; southward into Bohemia, Moravia, much of present-day Austria, the Pannonian plain and the Balkans; and northward along the upper Dnieper river. <P3-S2> Perhaps some Slavs migrated with the movement of the Vandals to Iberia and north Africa. <SEP> <P4-S0> The population was 5,919 inhabitants in 2005 in a total area of 737.2 km. <P4-S1> Vicentinópolis is a municipality in south Goiás state, Brazil.
Question: When did the country where Apache helicopters are based in the UK take control of the country where most fossils of Australopithecus have been found?

<P0-S0> the fremouw formation is a triassic-age rock formation in the transantarctic mountains of antarctica. <P0-S1> fossils of prehistoric reptiles and amphibians have been found in the formation. <P0-S2> fossilized trees have also been found. <P0-S3> the formation's beds were deposited along the banks of rivers and on floodplains. <P0-S4> during the triassic, the area would have been a riparian forest at 70–75°s latitude. <SEP> <P1-S0> The Army Air Corps (AAC) is a component of the British Army, first formed in 1942 during the Second World War by grouping the various airborne units of the British Army (which are no longer part of the AAC). <P1-S1> Today, there are eight regiments (7 Regular Army and 1 Reserve) of the AAC as well as four Independent Flights and two Independent Squadrons deployed in support of British Army operations across the world. <P1-S2> Some AAC squadrons provide the offensive and air assault elements of 16 Air Assault Brigade through Joint Helicopter Command. <P1-S3> They are located in Britain, Brunei, Canada, and Germany. <SEP> <P2-S0> It is now called ``Little Foot ''and it is probably around three million years old. <P2-S1> It was named Australopithecus prometheus which has since been placed within A. africanus. <P2-S2> Other fossil remains found in the same cave in 2008 were named Australopithecus sediba, which lived 1.9 million years ago. <P2-S3> A. africanus probably evolved into A. sediba, which some scientists think may have evolved into H. erectus, though this is heavily disputed. <P2-S4> Then, in 1997, an almost complete Australopithecus skeleton with skull was found in the Sterkfontein caves of Gauteng, South Africa. <SEP> <P3-S0> 005 is a 1981 arcade game by sega. <P3-S1> sega advertised it as the first of their rasterscan convert-a-game series, designed so that it could be changed into another game in minutes "at a substantial savings". <P3-S2> it is one of the first examples of a stealth game. <P3-S3> in this "james bond-inspired" game, the player's mission is to take a briefcase of secret documents to a waiting helicopter. <P3-S4> the player controls a spy who must avoid the enemies as he makes his way through buildings and warehouses, where he will have to dodge the enemies' flashlights and use boxes as hiding spots. <SEP> <P4-S0> The country became a self - governing nation state within the British Empire, in 1934 following enactment of the Status of the Union Act. <P4-S1> The dominion came to an end on 31 May 1961 as the consequence of a 1960 referendum, which legitimised the country becoming a sovereign state named Republic of South Africa. <P4-S2> Following the defeat of the Boers in the Anglo - Boer or South African War (1899 -- 1902), the Union of South Africa was created as a dominion of the British Empire in terms of the South Africa Act 1909, which amalgamated the four previously separate British colonies: Cape Colony, Natal Colony, Transvaal Colony, and Orange River Colony. <P4-S3> A republican constitution was adopted.
Question: In what year did the country home to the Industrial Revolution take control of the location where Nduduzo Makhathini was from?

<P0-S0> the soviet union entered a series of five - year plans which began in 1928 under the rule of joseph stalin. <P0-S1> stalin launched what would be referred as a ``revolution from above ''to improve the soviet union's domestic policy, more importantly centered around rapid industrialization and secondly, the collectivization of agriculture. <P0-S2> his desire was to rid the country of all record that capitalism once existed there under the new economic policy. <SEP> <P1-S0> life in great britain during the industrial revolution underwent vast social and economic changes, the result of developments in mechanised working methods, and the introduction of the factory system and the steam engine. <P1-S1> the industrial revolution began in great britain about 1760, continuing through to the early 19th century. <P1-S2> the lives of large sections of the population of great britain underwent massive changes during the industrial revolution. <P1-S3> work became more regimented and disciplined and began to take place outside the home. <P1-S4> a movement of the population to the cities from the countryside produced dramatic changes in lifestyle. <SEP> <P2-S0> Demand for Indian commodities was boosted by the need to sustain the troops and the economy during the war, and by the increased availability of raw materials and efficient methods of production. <P2-S1> As home to the revolution, Britain experienced higher standards of living. <P2-S2> With the advent of the Industrial Revolution, Britain surged ahead of its European rivals. <P2-S3> Its spiralling cycle of prosperity, demand and production had a profound influence on overseas trade. <P2-S4> The company became the single largest player in the British global market. <P2-S5> William Henry Pyne notes in his book The Microcosm of London (1808) that: <SEP> <P3-S0> The country became a self - governing nation state within the British Empire, in 1934 following enactment of the Status of the Union Act. <P3-S1> The dominion came to an end on 31 May 1961 as the consequence of a 1960 referendum, which legitimised the country becoming a sovereign state named Republic of South Africa. <P3-S2> A republican constitution was adopted. <P3-S3> Following the defeat of the Boers in the Anglo - Boer or South African War (1899 -- 1902), the Union of South Africa was created as a dominion of the British Empire in terms of the South Africa Act 1909, which amalgamated the four previously separate British colonies: Cape Colony, Natal Colony, Transvaal Colony, and Orange River Colony. <SEP> <P4-S0> Coming from a musical family, his love for music began at an early age. <P4-S1> Nduduzo Makhathini (born 24 September 1982) is a South African jazz musician from Umgungundlovu, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. <P4-S2> Makhathini has performed with Zim Ngqawana, Feya Feku, McCoy Mrubata. <P4-S3> Nduduzo completed his Diploma in Jazz Piano in 2005.
Question: When did the country that dominated the world at the end of the 1800s take control of the Nduduzo Makhathini's country?

<P0-S0> ``jesus, take the wheel ''is a song written by brett james, hillary lindsey, and gordie sampson, and recorded by american country music artist carrie underwood. <P0-S1> it was released in october 2005 as the first single from underwood's debut album some hearts. <P0-S2> the ballad tells of a woman seeking help from jesus in an emergency, ultimately letting jesus take control of her life. <SEP> <P1-S0> Following the defeat of the Boers in the Anglo - Boer or South African War (1899 -- 1902), the Union of South Africa was created as a dominion of the British Empire in terms of the South Africa Act 1909, which amalgamated the four previously separate British colonies: Cape Colony, Natal Colony, Transvaal Colony, and Orange River Colony. <P1-S1> The country became a self - governing nation state within the British Empire, in 1934 following enactment of the Status of the Union Act. <P1-S2> The dominion came to an end on 31 May 1961 as the consequence of a 1960 referendum, which legitimised the country becoming a sovereign state named Republic of South Africa. <P1-S3> A republican constitution was adopted. <SEP> <P2-S0> Nduduzo Makhathini (born 24 September 1982) is a South African jazz musician from Umgungundlovu, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. <P2-S1> Coming from a musical family, his love for music began at an early age. <P2-S2> Makhathini has performed with Zim Ngqawana, Feya Feku, McCoy Mrubata. <P2-S3> Nduduzo completed his Diploma in Jazz Piano in 2005. <SEP> <P3-S0> "jesus, take the wheel" is a song written by brett james, hillary lindsey and gordie sampson, and recorded by american country music artist carrie underwood. <P3-S1> it was released in october 2005 as the first single from underwood's debut album "some hearts". <P3-S2> the ballad tells of a woman seeking help from jesus in an emergency, ultimately letting jesus take control of her life. <SEP> <P4-S0> Victory over Napoleon left Britain without any serious international rival, other than Russia in Central Asia. <P4-S1> Between 1815 and 1914, a period referred to as Britain's ``imperial century ''by some historians, around 10,000,000 square miles (26,000,000 km) of territory and roughly 400 million people were added to the British Empire. <P4-S2> Unchallenged at sea, Britain adopted the role of global policeman, a state of affairs later known as the Pax Britannica, and a foreign policy of`` splendid isolation''. <P4-S3> Alongside the formal control it exerted over its own colonies, Britain's dominant position in world trade meant that it effectively controlled the economies of many countries, such as China, Argentina and Siam, which has been described by some historians as an ``Informal Empire ''.
Question: When did the country where the term pop music originated take control of the country Nduduzo Makhathini is from?

<P0-S0> ``jesus, take the wheel ''is a song written by brett james, hillary lindsey, and gordie sampson, and recorded by american country music artist carrie underwood. <P0-S1> it was released in october 2005 as the first single from underwood's debut album some hearts. <P0-S2> the ballad tells of a woman seeking help from jesus in an emergency, ultimately letting jesus take control of her life. <SEP> <P1-S0> Nduduzo Makhathini (born 24 September 1982) is a South African jazz musician from Umgungundlovu, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. <P1-S1> Coming from a musical family, his love for music began at an early age. <P1-S2> Makhathini has performed with Zim Ngqawana, Feya Feku, McCoy Mrubata. <P1-S3> Nduduzo completed his Diploma in Jazz Piano in 2005. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Oxford Dictionary of Music states that while pop's ``earlier meaning meant concerts appealing to a wide audience... since the late 1950s, however, pop has had the special meaning of non-classical mus (ic), usually in the form of songs, performed by such artists as the Beatles, the Rolling Stones, ABBA, etc ''. <P2-S1> Grove Music Online also states that``... in the early 1960s, (the term) 'pop music' competed terminologically with beat music (in England), while in the USA its coverage overlapped (as it still does) with that of 'rock and roll'''. <P2-S2> According to the website of The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, called Grove Music Online, the term ``pop music ''`` originated in Britain in the mid-1950s as a description for rock and roll and the new youth music styles that it influenced''. <SEP> <P3-S0> "jesus, take the wheel" is a song written by brett james, hillary lindsey and gordie sampson, and recorded by american country music artist carrie underwood. <P3-S1> it was released in october 2005 as the first single from underwood's debut album "some hearts". <P3-S2> the ballad tells of a woman seeking help from jesus in an emergency, ultimately letting jesus take control of her life. <SEP> <P4-S0> Following the defeat of the Boers in the Anglo - Boer or South African War (1899 -- 1902), the Union of South Africa was created as a dominion of the British Empire in terms of the South Africa Act 1909, which amalgamated the four previously separate British colonies: Cape Colony, Natal Colony, Transvaal Colony, and Orange River Colony. <P4-S1> The country became a self - governing nation state within the British Empire, in 1934 following enactment of the Status of the Union Act. <P4-S2> The dominion came to an end on 31 May 1961 as the consequence of a 1960 referendum, which legitimised the country becoming a sovereign state named Republic of South Africa. <P4-S3> A republican constitution was adopted.
Question: When was the country ruled by Noriega colonized by the country to which Queen Margaret and her son travelled?

<P0-S0> In 1695, the Scottish Parliament granted a charter to the Company of Scotland, which established a settlement in 1698 on the isthmus of Panama. <P0-S1> Besieged by neighbouring Spanish colonists of New Granada, and afflicted by malaria, the colony was abandoned two years later. <P0-S2> The Darien scheme was a financial disaster for Scotland—a quarter of Scottish capital was lost in the enterprise—and ended Scottish hopes of establishing its own overseas empire. <P0-S3> The episode also had major political consequences, persuading the governments of both England and Scotland of the merits of a union of countries, rather than just crowns. <P0-S4> This occurred in 1707 with the Treaty of Union, establishing the Kingdom of Great Britain. <SEP> <P1-S0> the british colonization of the americas (including colonization by both the english and the scots) began in 1607 in jamestown, virginia, and reached its peak when colonies had been established throughout the americas. <P1-S1> the english, and later the british, were among the most important colonizers of the americas, and their american empire came to rival the spanish american colonies in military and economic might. <SEP> <P2-S0> liberia is a country in west africa which was founded, established, colonized, and controlled by citizens of the united states and ex-caribbean slaves as a colony for former african american slaves and their free black descendants. <P2-S1> it is one of only two sovereign countries in the world that were started by citizens and ex-caribbean slaves of a political power as a colony for former slaves of the same political power, the other being sierra leone, established by great britain. <P2-S2> in 1847, liberia proclaimed its independence from the american colonization society (acs). <SEP> <P3-S0> Queen Margaret and her son had fled to north Wales, parts of which were still in Lancastrian hands. <P3-S1> They later travelled by sea to Scotland to negotiate for Scottish assistance. <P3-S2> Mary of Gueldres, Queen Consort to James II of Scotland, agreed to give Margaret an army on condition that she cede the town of Berwick to Scotland and Mary's daughter be betrothed to Prince Edward. <P3-S3> Margaret agreed, although she had no funds to pay her army and could only promise booty from the riches of southern England, as long as no looting took place north of the River Trent. <SEP> <P4-S0> Later the U.S. invaded Panama and captured Noriega. <P4-S1> The United States accused Manuel Noriega's government in Panama of being a "narcokleptocracy", a corrupt government profiting on illegal drug trade.
Question: When did the first restaurant, that the phenomenon of McDonaldization is named after, open in the country where the word Syllabub originated?

<P0-S0> The word occurs repeatedly, including in Samuel Pepys's diary for 12 July 1663; "Then to Comissioner Petts and had a good Sullybub" and in Thomas Hughes's "Tom Brown at Oxford" of 1861; "We retire to tea or syllabub beneath the shade of some great oak." <P0-S1> Syllabub (or solybubbe, sullabub, sullibib, sullybub, sullibub; there is no certain etymology and considerable variation in spelling) has been known in England at least since John Heywood's "Thersytes" of about 1537: "You and I... Muste walke to him and eate a solybubbe." <SEP> <P1-S0> lonestar began in 1992 as a band named texassee. <P1-S1> this name was derived from the fact that all five members were natives of texas, and met in nashville, tennessee's opryland usa theme park. <P1-S2> the original lineup consisted of lead singer/rhythm guitarist richie mcdonald (lubbock), lead guitarist michael britt (fort worth), drummer randy "keech" rainwater (plano), keyboardist/rhythm guitarist dean sams (garland), and bass guitarist/lead and background vocalist john rich (amarillo). <P1-S3> before lonestar's foundation, rainwater and britt were members of the group canyon, which recorded two albums for the independent 16th avenue records and charted in the country top 40 with "hot nights" in 1989. soon after foundation, texassee changed its name to lonestar. <P1-S4> the band first played at a concert in nashville in 1993 and signed to bna records in 1995. <SEP> <P2-S0> co-founders ``beaver ''aplin and don wasek opened the first store, which is still open as of 2017, in lake jackson, texas in 1982. aplin formed the name buc - ee's by combining his childhood nickname and the name of his labrador retriever, buck. <SEP> <P3-S0> 1974: On November 13, the first McDonald's in the United Kingdom opens in Woolwich, southeast London. <P3-S1> It is the company's 3000th restaurant. <SEP> <P4-S0> The name also refers to a 1990s advertising campaign for McDonald's, and to a children's website launched by the firm in 2008. <P4-S1> McWorld is a term referring to the spreading of McDonald's restaurants throughout the world as the result of globalization, and more generally to the effects of international 'McDonaldization' of services and commercialization of goods as an element of globalization as a whole.
Question: When did the first establishment that McDonaldization is named after open in the country where Billingley is located

<P0-S0> The name also refers to a 1990s advertising campaign for McDonald's, and to a children's website launched by the firm in 2008. <P0-S1> McWorld is a term referring to the spreading of McDonald's restaurants throughout the world as the result of globalization, and more generally to the effects of international 'McDonaldization' of services and commercialization of goods as an element of globalization as a whole. <SEP> <P1-S0> It is the company's 3000th restaurant. <P1-S1> 1974: On November 13, the first McDonald's in the United Kingdom opens in Woolwich, southeast London. <SEP> <P2-S0> Billingley is a village and civil parish in the Metropolitan Borough of Barnsley, in South Yorkshire, England, east of Barnsley. <P2-S1> At the 2001 census it had a population of 177, increasing to 210 at the 2011 Census. <SEP> <P3-S0> 992 swasey is an asteroid, a minor planet orbiting the sun. <P3-S1> it was discovered by otto struve in 1922 at the yerkes observatory in williams bay, wisconsin, united states. <P3-S2> it is named after ambrose swasey of the warner & swasey company, which built the 82-inch telescope named after struve at mcdonald observatory. <SEP> <P4-S0> the hotel galvez is a historic hotel located in galveston, texas, united states that opened in 1911. the building was named the galvez, honoring bernardo de gálvez, 1st viscount of galveston, for whom the city was named. <P4-S1> the building was added to the national register of historic places on april 4, 1979.
Question: When did the first company that owns Hamburger university open in the country where Billingley is located?

<P0-S0> some historians concur that a&w, which opened in 1919 and began franchising in 1921, was the first fast food restaurant (e. tavares). <P0-S1> thus, the american company white castle is generally credited with opening the second fast - food outlet in wichita, kansas in 1921, selling hamburgers for five cents apiece from its inception and spawning numerous competitors and emulators. <P0-S2> what is certain, however, is that white castle made the first significant effort to standardize the food production in, look of, and operation of fast - food hamburger restaurants. <P0-S3> william ingram's and walter anderson's white castle system created the first fast food supply chain to provide meat, buns, paper goods, and other supplies to their restaurants, pioneered the concept of the multi-state hamburger restaurant chain, standardized the look and construction of the restaurants themselves, and even developed a construction division that manufactured and built the chain's prefabricated restaurant buildings. <P0-S4> the mcdonald's speedee service system and, much later, ray kroc's mcdonald's outlets and hamburger university all built on principles, systems and practices that white castle had already established between 1923 and 1932. <SEP> <P1-S0> This corporate university was designed to instruct personnel employed by McDonald's in the various aspects of restaurant management. <P1-S1> Hamburger University is a training facility of McDonald's, located in Chicago, Illinois. <P1-S2> More than 80,000 restaurant managers, mid-managers and owner-operators have graduated from the university. <SEP> <P2-S0> russian state social university (rssu; russian: российский государственный социальный университет, abbreviated as ргсу) was the first public university in the russian federation to offer undergraduate and graduate programmes in the field of social work. <P2-S1> it is located in moscow where positioned its three main historically important campuses. <P2-S2> russian state social university is recognized as a fully accredited, state-owned, traditional institution. <P2-S3> the current rector is natalia pochinok. <SEP> <P3-S0> 1974: On November 13, the first McDonald's in the United Kingdom opens in Woolwich, southeast London. <P3-S1> It is the company's 3000th restaurant. <SEP> <P4-S0> At the 2001 census it had a population of 177, increasing to 210 at the 2011 Census. <P4-S1> Billingley is a village and civil parish in the Metropolitan Borough of Barnsley, in South Yorkshire, England, east of Barnsley.
Question: When did the first establishment McDonaldization is named after open in the country Faceby is located?

<P0-S0> 1974: On November 13, the first McDonald's in the United Kingdom opens in Woolwich, southeast London. <P0-S1> It is the company's 3000th restaurant. <SEP> <P1-S0> the hotel galvez is a historic hotel located in galveston, texas, united states that opened in 1911. the building was named the galvez, honoring bernardo de gálvez, 1st viscount of galveston, for whom the city was named. <P1-S1> the building was added to the national register of historic places on april 4, 1979. <SEP> <P2-S0> Faceby is a small village and civil parish in the Hambleton district of North Yorkshire, England. <P2-S1> It is at the north-west corner of the North York Moors and near Stokesley. <SEP> <P3-S0> The name also refers to a 1990s advertising campaign for McDonald's, and to a children's website launched by the firm in 2008. <P3-S1> McWorld is a term referring to the spreading of McDonald's restaurants throughout the world as the result of globalization, and more generally to the effects of international 'McDonaldization' of services and commercialization of goods as an element of globalization as a whole. <SEP> <P4-S0> the modern hamburger was developed in the united states, but by the end of world war ii, around the middle of the 20th century, it began to spread to other countries as fast food became globalized. <P4-S1> the main cause of this gradual globalization was the successes of the large restaurant chains. <P4-S2> their desires to expand their businesses and increase their profits resulted in them creating franchises around the world. <P4-S3> mcdonald's was among the very first of the burger chains to take the global establishment of its brand seriously, but it was not the only one. <P4-S4> wimpy began operating in the united kingdom in 1954, 20 years before mcdonald's began operation in the country, and by 1970 it had expanded to over a thousand restaurants in 23 countries. <P4-S5> on august 21, 1971, in zaandam, near amsterdam in the netherlands, ahold opened its first european franchise. <P4-S6> in the 1970s, mcdonald's began to expand into europe and australia. <P4-S7> in asia, japan saw the establishment of its own fast food chain in 1972: mos burger (モスバーガー, mosu bāgā), an abbreviation of ``mountain, ocean, sun '', which eventually became a direct competitor to mcdonald's. <P4-S8> all of its products, however, were variations on the burger adapted to the asian world, including the teriyaki burger, takumi burger, and riceburger. <P4-S9> in hong kong, aji ichiban competed with large chains before it spread quickly throughout asia. <P4-S10> one of the first hamburger vending machines debuted in amsterdam in 1941 under the brand febo, its name derived from its original place of creation, the ferdinand bolstraat.
Question: When did the first restaurant of the company that owns Hamburger University open in the state where Faceby is located?

<P0-S0> This corporate university was designed to instruct personnel employed by McDonald's in the various aspects of restaurant management. <P0-S1> Hamburger University is a training facility of McDonald's, located in Chicago, Illinois. <P0-S2> More than 80,000 restaurant managers, mid-managers and owner-operators have graduated from the university. <SEP> <P1-S0> It is the company's 3000th restaurant. <P1-S1> 1974: On November 13, the first McDonald's in the United Kingdom opens in Woolwich, southeast London. <SEP> <P2-S0> russian state social university (rssu; russian: российский государственный социальный университет, abbreviated as ргсу) was the first public university in the russian federation to offer undergraduate and graduate programmes in the field of social work. <P2-S1> it is located in moscow where positioned its three main historically important campuses. <P2-S2> russian state social university is recognized as a fully accredited, state-owned, traditional institution. <P2-S3> the current rector is natalia pochinok. <SEP> <P3-S0> some historians concur that a&w, which opened in 1921 and began franchising in 1923, was the first fast food restaurant (e. tavares). <P3-S1> thus, the american company white castle is sometimes considered the second fast - food outlet in wichita, kansas in 1921, selling hamburgers for five cents apiece from its inception and spawning numerous competitors and emulators. <P3-S2> what is certain, however, is that white castle made the first significant effort to standardize the food production in, look of, and operation of fast - food hamburger restaurants. <P3-S3> william ingram's and walter anderson's white castle system created the first fast food supply chain to provide meat, buns, paper goods, and other supplies to their restaurants, pioneered the concept of the multi-state hamburger restaurant chain, standardized the look and construction of the restaurants themselves, and even developed a construction division that manufactured and built the chain's prefabricated restaurant buildings. <P3-S4> the mcdonald's speedee service system and, much later, ray kroc's mcdonald's outlets and hamburger university all built on principles, systems and practices that white castle had already established between 1923 and 1932. <SEP> <P4-S0> Faceby is a small village and civil parish in the Hambleton district of North Yorkshire, England. <P4-S1> It is at the north-west corner of the North York Moors and near Stokesley.
Question: When did the first restaurant McDonaldization took its name from open in the country where the surname Smith originated?

<P0-S0> mcdonald's is an american fast food company, founded in 1940 as a restaurant operated by richard and maurice mcdonald, in san bernardino, california, united states. <P0-S1> they rechristened their business as a hamburger stand. <P0-S2> the first time a mcdonald's franchise used the golden arches logo was in 1953 at a location in phoenix, arizona. <P0-S3> in 1955, ray kroc, a businessman, joined the company as a franchise agent and proceeded to purchase the chain from the mcdonald brothers. <P0-S4> mcdonald's had its original headquarters in oak brook, illinois, but moved its global headquarters to chicago in early 2018. <SEP> <P1-S0> It is the most prevalent surname in the United Kingdom, Australia and the United States, the second most common surname in Canada, and the fifth most common surname in the Republic of Ireland. <P1-S1> The surname Smith is particularly prevalent among those of English, Scottish and Irish descent, but is also a common surname among African Americans, which can be attributed to black slaves being forced to adopt the name during slavery and never changing the name upon the end of the era of slavery and after the issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation. <P1-S2> 2,376,206 Americans shared the surname Smith during the 2000 census, and more than 500,000 people share it in the United Kingdom. <P1-S3> Smith is a surname originating in England. <P1-S4> At the turn of the 20th century, the surname was sufficiently prevalent in England to have prompted the statement: ``Common to every village in England, north, south, east and west ''; and sufficiently common on the (European) continent (in various forms) to be`` common in most countries of Europe''. <SEP> <P2-S0> McWorld is a term referring to the spreading of McDonald's restaurants throughout the world as the result of globalization, and more generally to the effects of international 'McDonaldization' of services and commercialization of goods as an element of globalization as a whole. <P2-S1> The name also refers to a 1990s advertising campaign for McDonald's, and to a children's website launched by the firm in 2008. <SEP> <P3-S0> chandler, and its variant spellings, is a family name that originated as an occupational surname in medieval england. <P3-S1> it applied to a person involved in making or selling candles and similar articles. <P3-S2> the earliest records as a surname are of matthew le candeler in london in 1274 and william le chandeler in essex in 1275. in the 1881 census of england, the surname chandler was apparently used by over 0.3% of the population. <SEP> <P4-S0> 1974: On November 13, the first McDonald's in the United Kingdom opens in Woolwich, southeast London. <P4-S1> It is the company's 3000th restaurant.
Question: When did the first franchise that McDonaldization is named after open in the country Bradden is located?

<P0-S0> the hotel galvez is a historic hotel located in galveston, texas, united states that opened in 1911. the building was named the galvez, honoring bernardo de gálvez, 1st viscount of galveston, for whom the city was named. <P0-S1> the building was added to the national register of historic places on april 4, 1979. <SEP> <P1-S0> The name also refers to a 1990s advertising campaign for McDonald's, and to a children's website launched by the firm in 2008. <P1-S1> McWorld is a term referring to the spreading of McDonald's restaurants throughout the world as the result of globalization, and more generally to the effects of international 'McDonaldization' of services and commercialization of goods as an element of globalization as a whole. <SEP> <P2-S0> It is the company's 3000th restaurant. <P2-S1> 1974: On November 13, the first McDonald's in the United Kingdom opens in Woolwich, southeast London. <SEP> <P3-S0> the mcdonald observatory is an astronomical observatory located near the unincorporated community of fort davis in jeff davis county, texas, united states. <P3-S1> the facility is located on mount locke in the davis mountains of west texas, with additional facilities on mount fowlkes, approximately to the northeast. <P3-S2> the observatory is part of the university of texas at austin. <P3-S3> it is an organized research unit of the college of natural sciences. <SEP> <P4-S0> Bradden is a village and civil parish in South Northamptonshire, England, about west of Towcester. <P4-S1> According to the 2001 census it had a population of 179, falling to 149 at the 2011 census.
Question: What year saw the opening of the first restaurant from the company that owns Hamburger University, in the country where the village of Bradden is located?

<P0-S0> "hamburger dinner theater" is the fifth episode of the first season of the animated television series "bob's burgers". <P0-S1> "hamburger dinner theater" originally aired on the fox network in the united states on february 20, 2011. <SEP> <P1-S0> some historians concur that a&w, which opened in 1919 and began franchising in 1921, was the first fast food restaurant (e. tavares). <P1-S1> thus, the american company white castle is generally credited with opening the second fast - food outlet in wichita, kansas in 1921, selling hamburgers for five cents apiece from its inception and spawning numerous competitors and emulators. <P1-S2> what is certain, however, is that white castle made the first significant effort to standardize the food production in, look of, and operation of fast - food hamburger restaurants. <P1-S3> william ingram's and walter anderson's white castle system created the first fast food supply chain to provide meat, buns, paper goods, and other supplies to their restaurants, pioneered the concept of the multi-state hamburger restaurant chain, standardized the look and construction of the restaurants themselves, and even developed a construction division that manufactured and built the chain's prefabricated restaurant buildings. <P1-S4> the mcdonald's speedee service system and, much later, ray kroc's mcdonald's outlets and hamburger university all built on principles, systems and practices that white castle had already established between 1923 and 1932. <SEP> <P2-S0> Bradden is a village and civil parish in South Northamptonshire, England, about west of Towcester. <P2-S1> According to the 2001 census it had a population of 179, falling to 149 at the 2011 census. <SEP> <P3-S0> Hamburger University is a training facility of McDonald's, located in Chicago, Illinois. <P3-S1> This corporate university was designed to instruct personnel employed by McDonald's in the various aspects of restaurant management. <P3-S2> More than 80,000 restaurant managers, mid-managers and owner-operators have graduated from the university. <SEP> <P4-S0> 1974: On November 13, the first McDonald's in the United Kingdom opens in Woolwich, southeast London. <P4-S1> It is the company's 3000th restaurant.
Question: When did the first establishment that McDonaldization is named after open in the country Billingley is located?

<P0-S0> McWorld is a term referring to the spreading of McDonald's restaurants throughout the world as the result of globalization, and more generally to the effects of international 'McDonaldization' of services and commercialization of goods as an element of globalization as a whole. <P0-S1> The name also refers to a 1990s advertising campaign for McDonald's, and to a children's website launched by the firm in 2008. <SEP> <P1-S0> At the 2001 census it had a population of 177, increasing to 210 at the 2011 Census. <P1-S1> Billingley is a village and civil parish in the Metropolitan Borough of Barnsley, in South Yorkshire, England, east of Barnsley. <SEP> <P2-S0> 992 swasey is an asteroid, a minor planet orbiting the sun. <P2-S1> it was discovered by otto struve in 1922 at the yerkes observatory in williams bay, wisconsin, united states. <P2-S2> it is named after ambrose swasey of the warner & swasey company, which built the 82-inch telescope named after struve at mcdonald observatory. <SEP> <P3-S0> the hotel galvez is a historic hotel located in galveston, texas, united states that opened in 1911. the building was named the galvez, honoring bernardo de gálvez, 1st viscount of galveston, for whom the city was named. <P3-S1> the building was added to the national register of historic places on april 4, 1979. <SEP> <P4-S0> 1974: On November 13, the first McDonald's in the United Kingdom opens in Woolwich, southeast London. <P4-S1> It is the company's 3000th restaurant.
Question: When did the first eatery after which McDonaldization is named open in the country where Faceby is located?

<P0-S0> southwest city is a city in mcdonald county, missouri, united states. <P0-S1> the population was 937 at the 2010 census, at which time it was a town. <P0-S2> it is part of the fayetteville–springdale–rogers, ar-mo metropolitan statistical area and is located in the southwestern corner of the state of missouri. <SEP> <P1-S0> 992 swasey is an asteroid, a minor planet orbiting the sun. <P1-S1> it was discovered by otto struve in 1922 at the yerkes observatory in williams bay, wisconsin, united states. <P1-S2> it is named after ambrose swasey of the warner & swasey company, which built the 82-inch telescope named after struve at mcdonald observatory. <SEP> <P2-S0> Faceby is a small village and civil parish in the Hambleton district of North Yorkshire, England. <P2-S1> It is at the north-west corner of the North York Moors and near Stokesley. <SEP> <P3-S0> The name also refers to a 1990s advertising campaign for McDonald's, and to a children's website launched by the firm in 2008. <P3-S1> McWorld is a term referring to the spreading of McDonald's restaurants throughout the world as the result of globalization, and more generally to the effects of international 'McDonaldization' of services and commercialization of goods as an element of globalization as a whole. <SEP> <P4-S0> It is the company's 3000th restaurant. <P4-S1> 1974: On November 13, the first McDonald's in the United Kingdom opens in Woolwich, southeast London.
Question: When did the first restaurant that McDonaldization is named after, open in the country where the surname Smith originated?

<P0-S0> Smith is a surname originating in England. <P0-S1> It is the most prevalent surname in the United Kingdom, Australia and the United States, the second most common surname in Canada, and the fifth most common surname in the Republic of Ireland. <P0-S2> The surname Smith is particularly prevalent among those of English, Scottish and Irish descent, but is also a common surname among African Americans, which can be attributed to black slaves being forced to adopt the name during slavery and never changing the name upon the end of the era of slavery and after the issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation. <P0-S3> 2,376,206 Americans shared the surname Smith during the 2000 census, and more than 500,000 people share it in the United Kingdom. <P0-S4> At the turn of the 20th century, the surname was sufficiently prevalent in England to have prompted the statement: ``Common to every village in England, north, south, east and west ''; and sufficiently common on the (European) continent (in various forms) to be`` common in most countries of Europe''. <SEP> <P1-S0> schmidt is a common german occupational surname derived from the german word ``schmied ''meaning`` blacksmith'' and / or ``metalworker ''. <P1-S1> this surname is the german equivalent of`` smith'' in the english - speaking world. <SEP> <P2-S0> 1974: On November 13, the first McDonald's in the United Kingdom opens in Woolwich, southeast London. <P2-S1> It is the company's 3000th restaurant. <SEP> <P3-S0> chandler, and its variant spellings, is a family name that originated as an occupational surname in medieval england. <P3-S1> it applied to a person involved in making or selling candles and similar articles. <P3-S2> the earliest records as a surname are of matthew le candeler in london in 1274 and william le chandeler in essex in 1275. in the 1881 census of england, the surname chandler was apparently used by over 0.3% of the population. <SEP> <P4-S0> McWorld is a term referring to the spreading of McDonald's restaurants throughout the world as the result of globalization, and more generally to the effects of international 'McDonaldization' of services and commercialization of goods as an element of globalization as a whole. <P4-S1> The name also refers to a 1990s advertising campaign for McDonald's, and to a children's website launched by the firm in 2008.
Question: When did the first restaurant that the phenomenon of McDonaldization is named after, open in the nation where the village of Bradden is found?

<P0-S0> The name also refers to a 1990s advertising campaign for McDonald's, and to a children's website launched by the firm in 2008. <P0-S1> McWorld is a term referring to the spreading of McDonald's restaurants throughout the world as the result of globalization, and more generally to the effects of international 'McDonaldization' of services and commercialization of goods as an element of globalization as a whole. <SEP> <P1-S0> 992 swasey is an asteroid, a minor planet orbiting the sun. <P1-S1> it was discovered by otto struve in 1922 at the yerkes observatory in williams bay, wisconsin, united states. <P1-S2> it is named after ambrose swasey of the warner & swasey company, which built the 82-inch telescope named after struve at mcdonald observatory. <SEP> <P2-S0> the hotel galvez is a historic hotel located in galveston, texas, united states that opened in 1911. the building was named the galvez, honoring bernardo de gálvez, 1st viscount of galveston, for whom the city was named. <P2-S1> the building was added to the national register of historic places on april 4, 1979. <SEP> <P3-S0> It is the company's 3000th restaurant. <P3-S1> 1974: On November 13, the first McDonald's in the United Kingdom opens in Woolwich, southeast London. <SEP> <P4-S0> According to the 2001 census it had a population of 179, falling to 149 at the 2011 census. <P4-S1> Bradden is a village and civil parish in South Northamptonshire, England, about west of Towcester.
Question: When did the first restaurant from which the term McDonaldization is derived open in the country where KHTE-FM is located?

<P0-S0> KHTE-FM is currently branded as "96.5 The Box". <P0-S1> The station's studios are located in West Little Rock, and the transmitter tower is in Redfield, Arkansas. <P0-S2> KHTE-FM is a commercial urban contemporary radio station licensed in England, Arkansas, United States, broadcasting to the Little Rock, Arkansas, area on 96.5 FM. <SEP> <P1-S0> McWorld is a term referring to the spreading of McDonald's restaurants throughout the world as the result of globalization, and more generally to the effects of international 'McDonaldization' of services and commercialization of goods as an element of globalization as a whole. <P1-S1> The name also refers to a 1990s advertising campaign for McDonald's, and to a children's website launched by the firm in 2008. <SEP> <P2-S0> 1974: On November 13, the first McDonald's in the United Kingdom opens in Woolwich, southeast London. <P2-S1> It is the company's 3000th restaurant. <SEP> <P3-S0> the first starbucks location outside north america opened in tokyo, japan, in 1996. on december 4, 1997, the philippines became the third market to open outside north america with its first branch in the country located at 6750 ayala building in makati city, philippines. <P3-S1> starbucks entered the u.k. market in 1998 with the $83 million usd acquisition of the then 56 - outlet, uk - based seattle coffee company, re-branding all the stores as starbucks. <P3-S2> in september 2002, starbucks opened its first store in latin america, at mexico city. <P3-S3> currently, there are over 500 locations in mexico and there are plans for the opening of up to 850 by 2018. <SEP> <P4-S0> southwest city is a city in mcdonald county, missouri, united states. <P4-S1> the population was 937 at the 2010 census, at which time it was a town. <P4-S2> it is part of the fayetteville–springdale–rogers, ar-mo metropolitan statistical area and is located in the southwestern corner of the state of missouri.