Question: The president introducing the Philadelphia plan providing the framework for affirmative action was a president of a country. Are these other languages learned in this country as popular as the language of the country having the world's oldest navy?

<P0-S0> The plan was defined as ``racial goals and timetables, not quotas '' <P0-S1> It was through the Philadelphia Plan that the Nixon administration formed their adapted definition of affirmative action and became the official policy of the US government. <SEP> <P1-S0> Yugoslavia had a liberal travel policy permitting foreigners to freely travel through the country and its citizens to travel worldwide, whereas it was limited by most Communist countries. <P1-S1> Tito met many world leaders during his rule, such as Soviet rulers Joseph Stalin, Nikita Khrushchev and Leonid Brezhnev; Egypt's Gamal Abdel Nasser, Indian politicians Jawaharlal Nehru and Indira Gandhi; British Prime Ministers Winston Churchill, James Callaghan and Margaret Thatcher; U.S. Presidents Dwight D. Eisenhower, John F. Kennedy, Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford and Jimmy Carter; other political leaders, dignitaries and heads of state that Tito met at least once in his lifetime included Che Guevara, Fidel Castro, Yasser Arafat, Willy Brandt, Helmut Schmidt, Georges Pompidou, Queen Elizabeth II, Hua Guofeng, Kim Il Sung, Sukarno, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Suharto, Idi Amin, Haile Selassie, Kenneth Kaunda, Gaddafi, Erich Honecker, Nicolae Ceaușescu, János Kádár and Urho Kekkonen. <P1-S2> A number[quantify] of Yugoslav citizens worked throughout Western Europe. <P1-S3> He also met numerous celebrities. <SEP> <P2-S0> ideas for affirmative action came as early as the reconstruction era (1865-1877) in which a former slave population lacked the skills and resources for sustainable living. <P2-S1> in 1865, general william tecumseh sherman proposed to divide the land and goods from georgia and grant it to families of color which became the "forty acres and a mule" policy. <P2-S2> the proposal was never widely adopted due to strong political opposition. <P2-S3> nearly a century later (1950s-1960s), policies to assist classes of individuals reemerged during the civil rights movement. <P2-S4> the civil rights guarantees came through the interpretation of the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment. <P2-S5> the decisions came to be known as affirmative action in which mandatory, as well as voluntary programs, affirmed the civil rights of people of color. <P2-S6> furthermore, these affirmative action programs protected people of color from the present effects stemming from past discrimination. <P2-S7> in 1961, president john f. kennedy became the first to utilize the term "affirmative action" in executive order 10925 to ensure that government contractors "take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed, and employees are treated during employment, without regard to their race, creed, color, or national origin." <P2-S8> this executive order realized the government's intent to create equal opportunities for all qualified people. <P2-S9> this executive order was eventually amended and superseded by lyndon b. johnson's executive order 11246 which prevented discrimination based on race, color, religion, and national origin by organizations which received federal contracts and subcontracts. <P2-S10> in 1967, the order was amended to include sex as well. <P2-S11> the reagan administration was opposed to the affirmative action requirements of executive order 11246, but these contemplated changes[which?] <P2-S12> faced bi-partisan opposition in congress. <SEP> <P3-S0> The Spanish Infantería de Marina was formed in 1537, making it the oldest, current marine force in the world. <P3-S1> The British Royal Marines combine being both a ship - based force and also being specially trained in commando - style operations and tactics, operating in some cases separately from the rest of the Royal Navy. <P3-S2> The Royal Marines also have their own special forces unit. <SEP> <P4-S0> in georgia russian has no official status, but it's recognised as a minority language under the framework convention for the protection of national minorities. <P4-S1> according to estimates from demoskop weekly, in 2004 there were 130,000 native speakers of russian in the country, and 1.7 million active speakers. <P4-S2> 27% of the population was fluent in russian in 2006, and 1% used it as the main language with family, friends or at work. <P4-S3> russian is the language of 9% of the population according to the world factook. <P4-S4> ethnologue cites russian as the country's de facto working language. <SEP> <P5-S0> Spanish is currently the most widely taught non-English language in American secondary schools and of higher education. <P5-S1> More than 1.4 million university students were enrolled in language courses in autumn of 2002 and Spanish is the most widely taught language in American colleges and universities with 53 percent of the total number of people enrolled, followed by French (14.4%), German (7.1%), Italian (4.5%), American Sign language (4.3%), Japanese (3.7%), and Chinese (2.4%) although the totals remain relatively small in relation to the total U.S population.