Question: When did epinephrine stop being available in the country that contains the headquarters of the organization that recognizes the Republic of Cyprus's sovereignty?

<P0-S0> In addition, the United Nations Headquarters remains under the jurisdiction and laws of the United States, although a few members of the UN staff have diplomatic immunity and so can not be prosecuted by local courts unless the diplomatic immunity is waived by the Secretary - General. <P0-S1> The site of the UN headquarters has extraterritoriality status. <P0-S2> This affects some law enforcement where UN rules override the laws of New York City, but it does not give immunity to those who commit crimes there. <P0-S3> In 2005, Secretary - General Kofi Annan waived the immunity of Benon Sevan, Aleksandr Yakovlev, and Vladimir Kuznetsov in relation to the Oil - for - Food Programme, and all were charged in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. <P0-S4> Benon Sevan later fled the United States to Cyprus, while Aleksandr Yakovlev and Vladimir Kuznetsov decided to stand trial. <SEP> <P1-S0> the north atlantic treaty organization (nato / ˈneɪtoʊ /; french: organisation du traité de l'atlantique nord; otan), also called the north atlantic alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between 29 north american and european countries. <P1-S1> the organization implements the north atlantic treaty that was signed on 4 april 1949. nato constitutes a system of collective defence whereby its independent member states agree to mutual defence in response to an attack by any external party. <P1-S2> nato's headquarters are located in haren, brussels, belgium, while the headquarters of allied command operations is near mons, belgium. <SEP> <P2-S0> Since 1965, following clashes between the two communities, the Turkish Cypriot seats in the House remain vacant. <P2-S1> The United Nations recognises the sovereignty of the Republic of Cyprus over the entire island of Cyprus. <P2-S2> In 1974 Cyprus was divided de facto when the Turkish army occupied the northern third of the island. <P2-S3> The Turkish Cypriots subsequently declared independence in 1983 as the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus but were recognised only by Turkey. <P2-S4> In 1985 the TRNC adopted a constitution and held its first elections. <SEP> <P3-S0> the reaction begins in the amygdala, which triggers a neural response in the hypothalamus. <P3-S1> the initial reaction is followed by activation of the pituitary gland and secretion of the hormone acth. <P3-S2> the adrenal gland is activated almost simultaneously, via the sympathetic nervous system, and releases the hormone epinephrine. <P3-S3> the release of chemical messengers results in the production of the hormone cortisol, which increases blood pressure, blood sugar, and suppresses the immune system. <P3-S4> the initial response and subsequent reactions are triggered in an effort to create a boost of energy. <P3-S5> this boost of energy is activated by epinephrine binding to liver cells and the subsequent production of glucose. <P3-S6> additionally, the circulation of cortisol functions to turn fatty acids into available energy, which prepares muscles throughout the body for response. <P3-S7> catecholamine hormones, such as adrenaline (epinephrine) or noradrenaline (norepinephrine), facilitate immediate physical reactions associated with a preparation for violent muscular action and: <SEP> <P4-S0> By the 1890s the profound effect of adrenal extracts on many different tissue types had been discovered, setting off a search both for the mechanism of chemical signalling and efforts to exploit these observations for the development of new drugs. <P4-S1> Injected epinephrine proved to be especially efficacious for the acute treatment of asthma attacks, and an inhaled version was sold in the United States until 2011 (Primatene Mist). <P4-S2> The blood pressure raising and vasoconstrictive effects of adrenal extracts were of particular interest to surgeons as hemostatic agents and as treatment for shock, and a number of companies developed products based on adrenal extracts containing varying purities of the active substance. <P4-S3> In 1897 John Abel of Johns Hopkins University identified the active principle as epinephrine, which he isolated in an impure state as the sulfate salt. <P4-S4> Industrial chemist Jokichi Takamine later developed a method for obtaining epinephrine in a pure state, and licensed the technology to Parke Davis. <P4-S5> Parke Davis marketed epinephrine under the trade name Adrenalin. <P4-S6> By 1929 epinephrine had been formulated into an inhaler for use in the treatment of nasal congestion.