Question: When nationalism developed as a concept what was it the aim to end?

<P0-S0> Soviet socialist patriotism refers to the socialist patriotism involving cultural attachment of the Soviet people to the Soviet Union as their homeland. <P0-S1>  It has been referred to as "Soviet nationalism". <P0-S2>  However, the concept of "Soviet nationalism" is claimed to be a misnomer and inaccurate because Vladimir Lenin and the Bolsheviks were officially opposed to nationalism as being reactionary, a bourgeois creation, and contrary to the interests of proletarian class struggle and communist revolution. <P0-S3>  Under the outlook of international communism that was especially strong at the time, Lenin separated patriotism into what he defined as proletarian, socialist patriotism from bourgeois nationalism. <P0-S4>  Lenin promoted the right of all nations to self-determination and the right to unity of all workers within nations, but he also condemned chauvinism and claimed there were both justified and unjustified feelings of national pride. <P0-S5>  Lenin explicitly denounced conventional Russian nationalism as "Great Russian Chauvinism", and his government sought to accommodate the country's multiple ethnic groups by creating republics and sub-republic units to provide non-Russian ethnic groups with autonomy and protection from Russian domination. <P0-S6>  Lenin also sought to balance the ethnic representation of leadership of the country by promoting non-Russian officials in the Communist Party to counter the large presence of Russians in the Party. <P0-S7>  However, even at this early period the Soviet government appealed at times to Russian nationalism when it needed support - especially on the Soviet borderlands in the Soviet Union's early years. <SEP> <P1-S0> Indian nationalism developed as a concept during the Indian independence movement fought against the colonial British Raj. <P1-S1>  Scholars note that a national consciousness has always been present in "India", or more broadly the Indian subcontinent, even if it was not articulated in modern terms. <P1-S2>  Indian nationalism is an instance of territorial nationalism, inclusive of "all" its people, despite their diverse ethnic and religious backgrounds. <P1-S3>  It continues to strongly influence the politics of India and reflects an opposition to the sectarian strands of Hindu nationalism and Muslim nationalism. <SEP> <P2-S0> Nationalism is a range of political, social, and economic systems characterized by promoting the interests of a particular nation, particularly with the aim of gaining and maintaining self-governance, or full sovereignty, over the group's homeland. <P2-S1>  The political ideology therefore holds that a nation should govern itself, free from unwanted outside interference, and is linked to the concept of self-determination. <P2-S2>  Nationalism is further oriented towards developing and maintaining a national identity based on shared characteristics such as culture, language, race, religion, political goals or a belief in a common ancestry. <P2-S3>  Nationalism therefore seeks to preserve the nation's culture. <P2-S4>  It often also involves a sense of pride in the nation's achievements, and is closely linked to the concept of patriotism. <P2-S5>  In some cases, nationalism referred to the belief that a nation should be able to control the government and all means of production. <SEP> <P3-S0>  The movement spanned a total of 90 years (1857–2017). <P3-S1> The Indian independence movement encompassed activities and ideas aiming to end the East India Company rule (1757–1857) and the British Indian Empire (1857–1947) in the Indian subcontinent.