winkelee/scaling-down huggingface dataset:
Question: Frederick Douglass and the White Negro and Land of Silence and Darkness are both what kind of film?

<P0-S0> Francis T. Nicholls High School and later Frederick Douglass High School are the former names of a high school at 3820 St. Claude Avenue in the Ninth Ward of New Orleans, Louisiana. <P0-S1>  Initially named for Francis T. Nicholls, a former Confederate general, governor of Louisiana, and Chief Justice of the Louisiana Supreme Court, the school opened as a segregated white institution on January 29, 1940. <P0-S2>  During the middle 1990s, having since long been desegregated, Nicholls High School was renamed in honor of the African-American abolitionist Frederick Douglass of Maryland. <P0-S3>  The school has since been again reorganized and renamed. <P0-S4>  The Douglass building is now home to a public charter school known as KIPP Renaissance High School which earned an "A" letter grade from the Louisiana Department of Education in 2016. <SEP> <P1-S0> Life and Times of Frederick Douglass is Frederick Douglass' third autobiography, published in 1881, revised in 1892. <P1-S1>  Because of the emancipation of American slaves during and following the American Civil War, Douglass gave more details about his life as a slave and his escape from slavery in this volume than he could in his two previous autobiographies (which would have put him and his family in danger). <P1-S2>  It is the only one of Douglass' autobiographies to discuss his life during and after the Civil War, including his encounters with American presidents such as Lincoln and Garfield, his account of the ill-fated "Freedman's Bank", and his service as the United States Marshall of the District of Columbia. <SEP> <P2-S0> Land of Silence and Darkness (German: Land des Schweigens und der Dunkelheit ) is a 1971 documentary film about deaf-blind people and their experience of life. <P2-S1>  The film was written, directed, and produced by Werner Herzog. <P2-S2>  Rolf Illig provided narration. <SEP> <P3-S0> Frederick Douglass and the White Negro is a documentary film originally released in 2008 (Irish language version entitled Frederick Douglass agus na Negroes Bána).
Question: Who is older, Angelique Kerber or Michaël Llodra?

<P0-S0> Angelique Kerber (] ; born 18 January 1988) is a German professional tennis player and former world No. 1. <P0-S1>  Having made her professional debut in 2003, Kerber rose to prominence upon reaching the semifinals of the 2011 US Open as the no. 92 ranked player in the world. <P0-S2>  She ascended to the top of the rankings on 12 September 2016, thus becoming the twenty-second and oldest player to achieve the number one ranking for the first time and the first new number one player since Victoria Azarenka in 2012. <SEP> <P1-S0> Sonchat Ratiwatana (Last name pronounce : Ra-Ti-Wat) (Thai: สนฉัตร รติวัฒน์ 'ต้น') (born January 23, 1982 in Bangkok) is a professional tennis player from Thailand. <P1-S1>  In 2007, Sonchat and his twin brother Sanchai Ratiwatana won their first ATP doubles title in Bangkok in their home country. <P1-S2>  In the final, the team beat 2007 Wimbledon men's doubles winner Michaël Llodra and 2007 U.S. Open men's doubles semifinalist Nicolas Mahut. <P1-S3>  He reached his highest doubles ranking at world number 39 as of 28 April 2008. <P1-S4>  He plays right-handed and turned professional in 2004. <P1-S5>  He and his twin brother played in their first grand slam tournament during the Australian Open in 2008, where they lost to the eventual finalist pairing of Arnaud Clément & Michaël Llodra of France in the first round. <SEP> <P2-S0>  He is a successful doubles player with three Grand Slam championships and an Olympic silver medal, and has also had success in singles, winning five career titles and gaining victories over Novak Djokovic, Juan Martín del Potro, Tomáš Berdych, Robin Söderling, Jo-Wilfried Tsonga, Nikolay Davydenko, Janko Tipsarević and John Isner. <P2-S1>  Llodra has been called "the best volleyer on tour". <P2-S2> Michaël Llodra (] ; born 18 May 1980) is a French former professional tennis player. <SEP> <P3-S0> Julien Benneteau and Michaël Llodra were the defending champions, but Llodra decided not to participate.
Question: Bowdoin was acquired by the post-secondary college in what Hancock County, Maine city since 1988?

<P0-S0> Alpheus Spring Packard (December 23, 1798 – July 13, 1884) was an American academic who may have been the longest serving faculty member to any American college through his 65 years at Bowdoin College, "in this particular I acknowledge, without reserve, my allegiance to Brunswick, Maine." <P0-S1>  Trained as a minister, educator, librarian, acting President of Bowdoin College for the year 1883–84 until his death (between the Chamberlain and Hyde administration). <P0-S2>  He was the father of four sons and one daughter by his first wife: Alpheus Spring Packard Jr. (1839–1905), Bowdoin class of 1861, Civil War surgeon, entomologist who corresponded with Darwin, and a Professor at Brown University with 25 publications, William Alfred Packard (1830-1909), Bowdoin class of 1851, Charles A. Packard, Bowdoin class of 1848, George Packard, as well as Frances Appleton. <SEP> <P1-S0> The schooner Bowdoin was designed by William H. Hand, Jr., and built in 1921, in East Boothbay, Maine, at the Hodgdon Brothers Shipyard now known as Hodgdon Yachts. <P1-S1>  She has made 29 trips above the Arctic Circle in her life, three since she was acquired by the Maine Maritime Academy in 1988. <P1-S2>  She is the only American schooner built specifically for Arctic exploration, and was designed under the direction of explorer Donald B. MacMillan. <P1-S3>  She is currently owned by the Maine Maritime Academy, located in Castine, Maine, and is used for their sail training curriculum. <SEP> <P2-S0> Maine Maritime Academy is a public post-secondary college and nautical training institution with approximately 900 students, located in Castine in Hancock County, Maine, USA. <P2-S1>  The Academy was established by the 90th Maine Legislature on March 21, 1941. <P2-S2>  Maine Maritime Academy is a public college. <P2-S3>  Costs of admission are comparable to the nearby University of Maine. <P2-S4>  Unlike federal service academies, a congressional recommendation is not required to attend this state school. <P2-S5>  Students are not obligated to go to sea or into the military after graduation, and a large portion of the graduating class chooses shore-side employment, often in maritime related fields or the power generation industry. <SEP> <P3-S0> Hancock County-Bar Harbor Airport (IATA: BHB, ICAO: KBHB, FAA LID: BHB) is a county owned, public use airport located in Trenton, Maine, eight nautical miles (9 mi, 15 km) northwest of the central business district of Bar Harbor, a city in Hancock County, Maine, United States. <P3-S1>  It serves the residents of Hancock County with commercial and charter aviation services. <P3-S2>  During the summer months, the airport becomes one of Maine's busiest, with significant private jet operations bringing visitors to the numerous summer colonies in the county, which includes Mount Desert Island. <P3-S3>  Scheduled passenger airline service is subsidized by the Essential Air Service program.
Question: When did the composer of Invention die?

<P0-S0> György Sándor Ligeti ( ; Hungarian: "Ligeti György Sándor" , ] ; 28 May 1923 – 12 June 2006) was a Hungarian composer of contemporary classical music. <P0-S1>  He has been described as "one of the most important avant-garde composers in the latter half of the twentieth century" and "one of the most innovative and influential among progressive figures of his time". <SEP> <P1-S0> Invention is an early composition by Hungarian composer György Ligeti. <P1-S1>  It is scored for solo piano and was composed in 1948. <SEP> <P2-S0> Make Them Die Slowly is the second studio album by White Zombie, released on March 22, 1989 by Caroline Records. <P2-S1>  It is named after the 1981 cannibal movie "Cannibal Ferox", which was originally released in the US as "Make Them Die Slowly". <P2-S2>  There is a printing error on the CD's side saying "Let Them Die Slowly" instead of the album's correct title. <P2-S3>  Produced by composer Bill Laswell and featuring John Ricci on guitar, the album represented a transition from the noise rock influenced sound of the White Zombie's previous albums to heavy metal, which informed much of their later work. <SEP> <P3-S0> "Die Another Day" is the theme song from the James Bond film of the same name by American singer and songwriter Madonna. <P3-S1>  The song initially leaked into the internet in early October 2002 prior to the official release, prompting radio to play the track. <P3-S2>  It was released commercially as a single on October 22 by Maverick Records and was later included on the singer's ninth studio album, "American Life" (2003), and her greatest hits compilation, "Celebration" (2009). <P3-S3>  Following the release of the previous Bond single, "The World Is Not Enough", MGM wanted a high-profile artist for the theme of "Die Another Day" and Madonna was their choice. <P3-S4>  She wrote and produced the song with Mirwais Ahmadzaï while French composer Michel Colombier was enlisted as composer.
Question: Daniel Rodríguez (born May 24, 1964) is a Puerto Rican American operatic tenor from New York City, this led to an offer of formal training from José Plácido Domingo Embil, a Spanish tenor, conductor and arts administrator, commonly known as who?

<P0-S0>  He has recorded over a hundred complete operas and is well known for his versatility, regularly performing in Italian, French, German, Spanish, English and Russian in the most prestigious opera houses in the world. <P0-S1>  Although primarily a "lirico-spinto" tenor for most of his career, especially popular for his Cavaradossi, Hoffmann, Don José, and Canio, he quickly moved into more dramatic roles, becoming the most acclaimed Otello of his generation. <P0-S2>  In the early 2010s, he transitioned from the tenor repertory into almost exclusively baritone parts, most notably Simon Boccanegra. <P0-S3> José Plácido Domingo Embil, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (] ; born 21 January 1941), known as Plácido Domingo, is a Spanish tenor, conductor and arts administrator. <P0-S4>  He has performed 147 different roles. <SEP> <P1-S0> Andrew McKinley (1903 – 11 January 1996) was an American operatic tenor, violinist, arts administrator, music educator, and school administrator. <P1-S1>  Although he mainly performed in the United States, he had an active international singing career with major opera companies and symphony orchestras from the 1940s through the 1960s. <P1-S2>  His repertoire spanned a wide range, from leading tenor parts to character roles. <SEP> <P2-S0>  This led to an offer of formal training from Plácido Domingo. <P2-S1> Daniel Rodríguez (born May 24, 1964) is a Puerto Rican American operatic tenor from New York City. <P2-S2>  He became known as "The Singing Policeman" in his former work with the New York City Police Department, due to his role as one of the department's designated National Anthem singers. <P2-S3>  In the aftermath of the September 11 terrorist attacks, he received widespread attention with his rendition of "God Bless America", which he sang at memorial events and on television. <P2-S4>  Rodriguez has recorded numerous albums, and appeared as lead tenor in several operas. <P2-S5>  He regularly appears in support of his chosen charities, as well as performing a full domestic and international concert schedule. <SEP> <P3-S0> Antonio Vélez Alvarado a.k.a. "The Father of the Puerto Rican Flag" (June 12, 1864 – January 16, 1948) was a Puerto Rican journalist, politician and revolutionary who was an advocate of Puerto Rican independence. <P3-S1>  A close friend of Cuban patriot José Martí, Vélez Alvarado joined the Puerto Rican Revolutionary Committee in New York City and is among those who allegedly designed the Flag of Puerto Rico. <P3-S2>  Vélez Alvarado was one of the founding fathers of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party.
Question: Who was born first Franklin Adreon or Jan Švankmajer?

<P0-S0> Franklin "Pete" Adreon (November 18, 1902 – September 10, 1979) was an American film and television director, producer, screenwriter, and actor. <SEP> <P1-S0> Alice is a 1988 dark fantasy film written and directed by Jan Švankmajer. <P1-S1>  Its original Czech title is Něco z Alenky, which means "Something from Alice". <P1-S2>  It is a loose adaptation of Lewis Carroll's first Alice book, "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland" (1865), about a girl who follows a white rabbit into a bizarre fantasy land. <P1-S3>  Alice is played by Kristýna Kohoutová. <P1-S4>  The film combines live action with stop motion animation, and is distinguished by its dark and uncompromising production design. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Last Trick (Czech: Poslední trik pana Schwarcewalldea a pana Edgara ) is a 1964 Czechoslovak animated short film by Jan Švankmajer. <P2-S1>  It was Švankmajer's first film. <SEP> <P3-S0> Jan Švankmajer (] ; born 4 September 1934) is a Czech filmmaker and artist whose work spans several media. <P3-S1>  He is a self-labeled surrealist known for his animations and features, which have greatly influenced other artists such as Terry Gilliam, the Brothers Quay, and many others.
Question: What did Andrew Bacevich label the book referenced by Necessary Illusions?

<P0-S0> The American Empire Project is a book series that deals with what they theorized were imperialist and exceptionalist tendencies in recent U.S. foreign policy. <P0-S1>  The series is published by Metropolitan Books and includes contributions by notable authors such as Noam Chomsky, Howard Zinn, Chalmers Johnson and Andrew Bacevich. <SEP> <P1-S0> Necessary Illusions: Thought Control in Democratic Societies is a 1989 book by United States academic Noam Chomsky concerning political power using propaganda to distort and distract from major issues to maintain confusion and complicity, preventing real democracy from becoming effective. <P1-S1>  The title of this book borrows a phrase from the writings of Reinhold Niebuhr. <SEP> <P2-S0> Alfred Paul "Al" Seckel (September 3, 1958 – 2015) was an author of books on visual and other types of sensory illusions, and how they related to perception. <P2-S1>  Seckel collected, researched, and experimented with illusions to understand what conditions are necessary for them to work. <SEP> <P3-S0> Karl Paul Reinhold Niebuhr ( ; June 21, 1892June 1, 1971) was an American theologian, ethicist, commentator on politics and public affairs, and professor at Union Theological Seminary for more than 30 years. <P3-S1>  Niebuhr was one of America's leading public intellectuals for several decades of the 20th century and received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1964. <P3-S2>  Andrew Bacevich labelled Niebuhr's book "The Irony of American History" "the most important book ever written on U.S. foreign policy." <P3-S3>  A public theologian, he wrote and spoke frequently about the intersection of religion, politics, and public policy, with his most influential books including "Moral Man and Immoral Society" and "The Nature and Destiny of Man", the second of which Modern Library ranked one of the top 20 nonfiction books of the twentieth century. <P3-S4>  Historian Arthur Schlesinger Jr. described Niebuhr as "the most influential American theologian of the 20th century" and "Time" posthumously called Niebuhr "the greatest Protestant theologian in America since Jonathan Edwards."
Question: How long after the assasination of Gerry Hutch did the shoothing of his brother take place?

<P0-S0> The WTA 125K series is the secondary professional tennis circuit organised by the Women's Tennis Association. <P0-S1>  The 2016 WTA 125K series calendar consists of eight tournaments, each with a total prize fund of $125,000. <P0-S2>  After 2015, the Nanchang event was upgraded to a WTA International level tournament, and with new events starting in San Antonio, West Hempstead and Bol. <P0-S3>  The planned tournament in West Hempstead was then cancelled, and the tournament scheduled to take place in Carlsbad, California was moved to Oahu, Hawaii. <P0-S4>  Following the death of the Thai king Bhumibol Abdulyadej, the event due to take place in Hua Hin was also cancelled, in accordance with Thai tradition that sporting events cannot take place in the month after a monarch's death. <SEP> <P1-S0> The shooting of Eddie Hutch Snr occurred on 8 February 2016. <P1-S1>  Eddie was the brother of Gerry Hutch, the leader of the Hutch gang, which was in a feud with the Kinahan gang, led by Christy Kinahan. <P1-S2>  The feud of the two criminal gangs, called the 2015–16 Irish gangland feud, in the Republic of Ireland resulted in the deaths of ten people. <SEP> <P2-S0> A major feud between two criminal gangs in the Republic of Ireland has killed ten people. <P2-S1>  The Hutch gang, led by Gerry Hutch, and the Kinahan gang, led by Christy Kinahan, are the main participants. <SEP> <P3-S0>  Known for leading a "disciplined, ascetic lifestyle" since leaving prison in 1985, he was christened "The Monk" by Veronica Guerin, an investigative journalist who applied nicknames to Ireland's crime bosses before being assassinated in 1996. <P3-S1> Gerry Hutch (born 1963) is an Irish criminal. <P3-S2>  He was the prime suspect for two of the biggest armed robberies in Irish history.
Question: The Toynbee Convector is a short story collection by American writer Ray Bradbury, some of the stories that originally appeared in which men's magazine published by Magna Publishing Group?

<P0-S0> Gallery is a men's magazine published by Magna Publishing Group. <P0-S1>  It is one of the more popular "skin" magazines that arose on the "Playboy" magazine pattern in the 1970s. <SEP> <P1-S0> Magna Publishing Group, or Magna Publishing Group, Inc., is a publishing company headquartered in Paramus, New Jersey. <P1-S1>  Founded in 1975, the company publishes a number of magazine titles and is one of the largest publishers of pornographic magazines in the United States with titles such as Club, Swank, Genesis, Gallery, Gent, as well as "nearly 60 total adult titles". <P1-S2>  The Company has only 1 to 10 employees. <P1-S3>  On December 22, 2015 Magna Publishing Group was purchased by 1-800-PHONESEX for an undisclosed amount. <SEP> <P2-S0> "The Toynbee Convector" is a science fiction short story by American writer Ray Bradbury. <P2-S1>  First published in "Playboy" magazine in 1984, the story was subsequently featured in a 1988 short story collection also titled "The Toynbee Convector". <SEP> <P3-S0> The Toynbee Convector is a short story collection by American writer Ray Bradbury. <P3-S1>  Several of the stories are original to this collection. <P3-S2>  Others originally appeared in the magazines "Playboy", "Omni", "Gallery", "Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine", "Woman's Day", and "Weird Tales".
Question: Lesra Martin brought about the release of what middleweight boxer?

<P0-S0> Michael Jones, nicknamed "The Destiny" (born 14 November 1974 in Liverpool) is an English amateur light middleweight and professional light middle/middle/super middleweight boxer of the 1990s and 2000s who as an amateur won the 1991 Amateur Boxing Association of England (ABAE) 57 kg Schools title, against Jason Kilgannon (Middlesex) and was runner-up for the 1997 Amateur Boxing Association of England (ABAE) light middleweight (71 kg) title, against Chris Bessey (The Army) boxing out of Gemini ABC, and as a professional won the British Boxing Board of Control (BBBofC) British light middleweight, and Commonwealth light middleweight title, and was a challenger for the European Boxing Union (EBU) light middleweight title against Michele Piccirillo, his professional fighting weight varied from 153+1/2 lb , i.e. light middleweight to 165+1/2 lb , i.e. super middleweight. <P0-S1>  Michael Jones was trained by Maurice Core, and managed by Jack Trickett. <SEP> <P1-S0> Alexander "Alex" Ireland (10 April 1901 – 25 January 1966) was a Scottish amateur and professional welter/middleweight boxer of the 1920s and 1930s, who was the 1921 Amateur Boxing Association of England (ABA) welterweight champion. <P1-S1>  He also won a silver medal in the welterweight boxing at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp, Belgium losing to Canadian boxer Bert Schneider in the final, and the Scottish Area welterweight title, the National Sporting Club (NSC) (subsequently known as the British Boxing Board of Control (BBBofC)) British middleweight title, British Empire middleweight title, and European Boxing Union (EBU) middleweight title. <P1-S2>  He was a challenger for the Scottish Area middleweight title and his professional fighting weight varied from 146 lb , i.e. welterweight to 151 lb , i.e. middleweight. <P1-S3>  He was born in Leith. <SEP> <P2-S0> Rubin "Hurricane" Carter (May 6, 1937 – April 20, 2014) was a middleweight boxer who was wrongfully convicted of murder and later released following a petition of habeas corpus after spending almost 20 years in prison. <SEP> <P3-S0> Lesra Martin is a Canadian lawyer and motivational speaker. <P3-S1>  He is known for helping to bring about the release of boxer Rubin "Hurricane" Carter.
Question: Haleakala Trail is now part of a national park covering how many acres?

<P0-S0> Wanstead Park is a municipal park covering an area of about 140 acres (57 hectares), located in Wanstead, in the London Borough of Redbridge, historically within the county of Essex. <P0-S1>  It is bordered to the north by the A12 road, to the east by the River Roding and A406 North Circular Road, to the south by the Aldersbrook Estate and the City of London Cemetery and Crematorium and to the west by Wanstead Golf Course. <P0-S2>  It is administered as part of Epping Forest by the City of London Corporation, having been purchased by the Corporation in 1880 from Henry Wellesley, 1st Earl Cowley. <P0-S3>  Today's park once formed part of the deer park of the former manor house of ancient Wanstead Manor, which included much of the urbanised area now known as Wanstead. <P0-S4>  The present park retains some of the layout of its former existence as Wanstead House's grounds, though the park's western boundary lies some 330 yards east of the house's site . <P0-S5>  In 1992 a Management Plan was initiated to try to re-establish something of the formality of the grounds of a "Great House". <SEP> <P1-S0> Haleakalā National Park is a national park located on the island of Maui in the U.S. state of Hawaiʻ i. <P1-S1>  The park covers an area of 33,265 acre , of which 19,270 acre is a wilderness area. <SEP> <P2-S0> Glacier Bay Basin in southeastern Alaska, in the United States, encompasses the Glacier Bay and surrounding mountains and glaciers, which was first proclaimed a U.S. National Monument on February 25, 1925, and which was later, on December 2, 1980, enlarged and designated as the Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve under the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act, covering an area of 3,283,000 acres (1,329,000 ha). <P2-S1>  In 1986, UNESCO declared an area of 57,000 acres (23,000 ha) within a World Biosphere Reserve. <P2-S2>  This is the largest UNESCO protected biosphere in the world. <P2-S3>  In 1992, UNESCO included this area as a part of a World Heritage site, extending over an area of 24,300,000-acre (98,000 km) which also included the Wrangell-St. <P2-S4>  Elias National Park, Kluane National Park (Canada) and Tatshenshini-Alsek Park (Canada). <P2-S5>  Part of the National Park is also designated a Wilderness area covering 2,658,000 acres (1,076,000 ha). <SEP> <P3-S0> The Haleakalā Trail (also sometimes known as the "Haleakala Bridle Trail") is the historic public access route to Haleakalā Crater and the summit of Haleakalā, which are now part of Haleakalā National Park.
Question: WCW Nitro Grill was an American professional wrestling themed steak house that opened in May 1999 at the Excalibur Hotel and Casino, a hotel and casino located on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada, It is owned and operated by which organization?

<P0-S0>  It is owned and operated by MGM Resorts International. <P0-S1> Excalibur Hotel and Casino is a hotel and casino located on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada, in the United States. <SEP> <P1-S0> The Mandalay Bay Tram is a 838 m long people mover that opened on April 9, 1999 on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada. <P1-S1>  It was constructed to connect three gaming hotels belonging to the MGM Mirage Group. <P1-S2>  The line carries passengers from the major Tropicana – Las Vegas Boulevard intersection, via the Excalibur Hotel and Casino and Luxor Hotel to the Mandalay Bay Resort and Casino at the southern end. <SEP> <P2-S0>  Professional wrestlers frequented the restaurant when they were touring in Las Vegas. <P2-S1> WCW Nitro Grill was an American professional wrestling themed steak house that opened in May 1999 at the Excalibur Hotel and Casino. <P2-S2>  It closed in September 2000. <SEP> <P3-S0> Clarion Hotel and Casino, formerly known as Debbie Reynolds' Hollywood Hotel and Greek Isles Hotel & Casino, was near the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada. <P3-S1>  The hotel originally opened in 1970 as a Royal Inn, and also operated under the names Royal Americana Hotel and The Paddlewheel Hotel Casino before being purchased by Debbie Reynolds in 1992. <P3-S2>  After Reynolds sold the property in 1999, it was briefly owned by the World Wrestling Federation, and was then sold and remodeled as the Greek Isles.
Question: Clayton S. Rose succeeded an official as president of Bowdoin College who was born in what year?

<P0-S0> Alpheus Spring Packard (December 23, 1798 – July 13, 1884) was an American academic who may have been the longest serving faculty member to any American college through his 65 years at Bowdoin College, "in this particular I acknowledge, without reserve, my allegiance to Brunswick, Maine." <P0-S1>  Trained as a minister, educator, librarian, acting President of Bowdoin College for the year 1883–84 until his death (between the Chamberlain and Hyde administration). <P0-S2>  He was the father of four sons and one daughter by his first wife: Alpheus Spring Packard Jr. (1839–1905), Bowdoin class of 1861, Civil War surgeon, entomologist who corresponded with Darwin, and a Professor at Brown University with 25 publications, William Alfred Packard (1830-1909), Bowdoin class of 1851, Charles A. Packard, Bowdoin class of 1848, George Packard, as well as Frances Appleton. <SEP> <P1-S0> Robert Hazard Edwards (born May 26, 1935) is an American educator who was the seventh president of Carleton College and the thirteenth president of Bowdoin College. <SEP> <P2-S0> Barry Mills (born September 8, 1950) was the fourteenth president of Bowdoin College and the fifth alumnus to serve in that role. <SEP> <P3-S0> Clayton S. Rose is the fifteenth and current president of Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine. <P3-S1>  Originally from San Rafael, California, Rose graduated from the University of Chicago as an undergraduate in 1980 and with an M.B.A. in 1981. <P3-S2>  In 2003, following a 20-year leadership and management career in finance, he enrolled in the doctoral program in sociology at the University of Pennsylvania to study issues of race in America, earning his master's degree in 2005 and his Ph.D. with distinction in 2007. <P3-S3>  Rose officially succeeded Barry Mills as president of Bowdoin on July 1, 2015. <P3-S4>  He had previously served as a professor at Harvard Business School from 2007 until his appointment at Bowdoin.
Question: Where is Tropicana Resort & Casino located?

<P0-S0>  Tropicana Las Vegas also has 72000 sqft of convention and exhibit space. <P0-S1> Tropicana Las Vegas is a hotel and casino on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada. <P0-S2>  It is owned and operated by Penn National Gaming and is a franchise of Hilton's DoubleTree chain. <P0-S3>  It offers 1,467 rooms and a 50000 sqft gaming floor. <SEP> <P1-S0> Keep the Customer Satisfied is a 1970 live album by Buddy Rich and his big band, recorded at the Tropicana Resort & Casino in Las Vegas. <SEP> <P2-S0> Tropicana Avenue is a major east–west section line arterial in the Las Vegas area. <P2-S1>  The road is named after the Tropicana Resort & Casino which is located on the Las Vegas Boulevard where it intersects with Tropicana Avenue. <P2-S2>  Part of it is signed as Nevada State Route 593 (SR 593). <SEP> <P3-S0> The Tropicana Casino & Resort Atlantic City is a luxury hotel, casino, and spa resort located on Brighton Avenue and the Boardwalk in Atlantic City, New Jersey. <P3-S1>  It is owned by Tropicana Entertainment and is one of the largest hotels in New Jersey with just over 2,000 rooms. <P3-S2>  Tropicana has over 3,000 slot machines and 135 table games and also features The Quarter, a shopping mall located in the complex.
Question: Where did Richard Gillow found the furniture company, Gillows of Lancaster and London?

<P0-S0>  He was the son of the carpenter Robert Gillow, the founder of Gillows of Lancaster and London, a successful cabinet-making firm. <P0-S1> Richard Gillow (1733–1811) was an English architect and businessman from Lancaster. <SEP> <P1-S0> Waring & Gillow is a noted firm of English furniture manufacturers formed in 1897 by the merger of Gillows of Lancaster and London and Waring of Liverpool. <P1-S1>  It was dissolved in 1938. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Custom House, Lancaster is a grade II* listed building located on St Georges Quay, Lancaster, Lancashire, England. <P2-S1>  The architect was Richard Gillow of the Gillow furniture making family. <P2-S2>  Designed in 1764 for the Port Commissioners, it was used for its original purpose until 1882 when the Customs were transferred to Barrow-in-Furness. <SEP> <P3-S0>  It was founded around in Lancaster in about 1730 by Robert Gillow (1704–1772). <P3-S1> Gillows of Lancaster and London, also known as Gillow & Co., was an English furniture making firm based in Lancaster, Lancashire, and in London.
Question: Ginny Fiennes is the wife of the adventurer and explorer of what nationality?

<P0-S0> Virginia Frances "Ginny", Lady Twisleton-Wykeham-Fiennes (9 July 1947 – 20 February 2004) was an explorer, and the wife of adventurer Ranulph Fiennes. <SEP> <P1-S0>  He is also a prolific writer and poet. <P1-S1> Sir Ranulph Twisleton-Wykeham-Fiennes, 3rd Baronet, OBE (born 7 March 1944), commonly known as Ranulph "Ran" Fiennes ( ), is a British explorer and holder of several endurance records. <SEP> <P2-S0> Victoria Murden McClure (born March 6, 1963) is an explorer who was the first woman and the first American to row solo across the Atlantic Ocean, which she did in 1999. <P2-S1>  (She claims she is an explorer, but not an "adventurer.") <P2-S2>  She was also the first woman and first American to ski to the geographic South Pole. <P2-S3>  She is the president of Spalding University. <P2-S4>  She is Chair of the Board of the National Outdoor Leadership School (NOLS). <SEP> <P3-S0> Celia Fiennes (7 June 1662 – 10 April 1741) was an English traveller. <P3-S1>  Born at Newton Tony, Wiltshire, she was the daughter of Nathaniel Fiennes, an English Civil War Parliamentarian colonel and his second wife Frances née Whitehead. <P3-S2>  Nathaniel was in turn the second son of William Fiennes, 1st Viscount Saye and Sele. <P3-S3>  Celia Fiennes died in Hackney in 1741.
Question: Who wrote the closing night film from the 2013 Deauville American Film Festival?

<P0-S0> Night Moves is a 2013 American drama film directed by Kelly Reichardt and written by Reichardt and Jonathan Raymond, starring Jesse Eisenberg, Dakota Fanning, Peter Sarsgaard, Alia Shawkat, and James LeGros. <P0-S1>  The film follows three radical environmentalists who plot to blow up a dam. <P0-S2>  It was shown in the main competition section of the 70th Venice International Film Festival, at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival and at 2013 Deauville American Film Festival, where it won Grand Prix of the festival. <SEP> <P1-S0> The 42nd Deauville American Film Festival took place at Deauville, France from September 2 to 11, 2016. <P1-S1>  American crime drama film "The Infiltrator" by Brad Furman was selected as the opening night film, while Black dramedy "War Dogs" by Todd Phillips served as the closing night film of the festival. <P1-S2>  The Grand Prix was awarded to "Little Men" by Ira Sachs. <SEP> <P2-S0> Snowpiercer" by Bong Joon-ho was the closing night film of the festival. <P2-S1> The 39th Deauville American Film Festival took place at Deauville, France from August 30 to September 8, 2013. <P2-S2>  Steven Soderbergh's drama film "Behind the Candelabra" served as the opening night film. " <P2-S3>  The Grand Prix was awarded to "Night Moves" by Kelly Reichardt. <SEP> <P3-S0> Snowpiercer (Hangul: 설국열차 ; Hanja: 雪國列車 ; RR: "Seolgungnyeolcha " ) is a 2013 English-language South Korean-Czech science fiction thriller film based on the French graphic novel "Le Transperceneige" by Jacques Lob, Benjamin Legrand and Jean-Marc Rochette. <P3-S1>  The film marks Bong's English-language debut; approximately 80% of the film was shot in English. <P3-S2>  The film is directed by Bong Joon-ho, and written by Bong and Kelly Masterson.
Question: Who wrote both The Expanse and the Leviathan Wakes?

<P0-S0> Leviathan Wakes (2011) is a science fiction novel by James S. A. Corey, the pen name of Daniel Abraham and Ty Franck. <P0-S1>  It is the first book in the "Expanse" series, followed by "Caliban's War" (2012), "Abaddon's Gate" (2013), "Cibola Burn" (2014), "Nemesis Games" (2015), and "Babylon's Ashes" (2016). <SEP> <P1-S0> Leviathan or The Matter, Forme and Power of a Common Wealth Ecclesiasticall and Civil—commonly referred to as Leviathan—is a book written by Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679) and published in 1651 (revised Latin edition 1668). <P1-S1>  Its name derives from the biblical Leviathan. <P1-S2>  The work concerns the structure of society and legitimate government, and is regarded as one of the earliest and most influential examples of social contract theory. <P1-S3>  "Leviathan" ranks as a classic western work on statecraft comparable to Machiavelli's "The Prince". <P1-S4>  Written during the English Civil War (1642–1651), "Leviathan" argues for a social contract and rule by an absolute sovereign. <P1-S5>  Hobbes wrote that civil war and the brute situation of a state of nature ("the war of all against all") could only be avoided by strong, undivided government. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Cabaret de l'Enfer (The Cabaret of Hell) was a famous cabaret in Montmartre, founded in November 1892 by Antonin Alexander and demolished in 1950 to allow for the expansion of a Monoprix supermarket. <P2-S1>  The Cabaret de L'Enfer was the counterpart to The "Cabaret du Ciel" (The Cabaret of Heaven), another cabaret which shared the same address on the Boulevard de Clichy. <P2-S2>  Antonin Alexander was the creator, director, and host of the twin ventures. <P2-S3>  Jules Claretie, who wrote that future historians of the mores of the Belle Epoque "could not silently pass by these cabarets". <P2-S4> , described them as "putting Dante's poem within walking distance". <P2-S5>  For Georges Renault and Henri Château, "Le Ciel and L'Enfer, gaping wide-open all in a row" was worthy of the label "spectacular" . <P2-S6>  The flâneurs of Paris entered through the monumental jaws of Leviathan, devourer of the damned. <P2-S7>  The intimidating façade was "a stucco ode to female nudity being devoured by infernal flames" <SEP> <P3-S0>  The first novel, "Leviathan Wakes", was nominated for the Hugo Award for Best Novel in 2012. <P3-S1>  In 2017 the series as a whole was nominated for the 'Best Series' Hugo Award. <P3-S2> The Expanse is a series of science fiction novels, novellas and stories by James S. A. Corey, the pen name of authors Daniel Abraham and Ty Franck.
Question: Highest Duty: My Search for What Really Matters is a memoir written by a pilot who retired after how many years of commercial service?

<P0-S0>  The "New York Times" bestselling autobiography of Capt. Chesley “Sully” Sullenberger—the pilot who landed a crippled airplane in New York's Hudson River, saving the lives of the 155 passengers—discusses leadership, responsibility, and service, along with his life story. <P0-S1> Highest Duty: My Search for What Really Matters is a memoir written by Chesley Sullenberger and Jeffrey Zaslow (1958–2012) describing the events of US Airways Flight 1549. <SEP> <P1-S0> Inbox by Gmail is an email service developed by Google. <P1-S1>  Announced in limited invitation-only basis on October 22, 2014, it was officially released to the public on May 28, 2015. <P1-S2>  Made by the same people who work on Gmail, Inbox serves as a "completely different type of inbox, designed to focus on what really matters." <SEP> <P2-S0> Law enforcement in Cuba is the responsibility of the National Revolutionary Police Force (Spanish: "Policía Nacional Revolucionaria" , PNR) under the administration of the Cuban Ministry of the Interior. <P2-S1>  Article 64 of the Cuban Constitution states that "Defense of the socialist motherland is every Cuban's greatest honor and highest duty." <P2-S2>  Conscription into either the armed forces or the national police force is compulsory for those over the age of 16. <P2-S3>  Nevertheless, conscripts have no choice to which service they are assigned. <SEP> <P3-S0> Chesley Burnett "Sully" Sullenberger III (born 1951) is an American retired airline captain celebrated for the January 15, 2009 water landing of US Airways Flight 1549 in the Hudson River off Manhattan after the plane was disabled by striking a flock of Canada geese immediately after takeoff; all 155 people aboard survived. <P3-S1>  Sullenberger is an international speaker on airline safety and has helped develop new protocols for airline safety. <P3-S2>  He served as the co-chairman, along with First Officer Jeffrey Skiles, of the EAA's Young Eagles youth introduction-to-aviation program from 2009 to 2013. <P3-S3>  In May of the following year, Sullenberger was hired by CBS News as an Aviation and Safety Expert. <P3-S4>  He retired from US Airways after 30 years as a commercial pilot on March 3, 2010.
Question: Who is the university where Hunter Hillenmeyer played college football named in honor of?

<P0-S0> Jeffrey Orlando Hunter (born April 12, 1966) is a former American football defensive lineman. <P0-S1>  In a career lasting almost a decade, he played five seasons for four different teams in the National Football League, as well as in the Canadian Football League and the World League of American Football. <P0-S2>  Hunter played college football at Albany State University in Albany, Georgia. <SEP> <P1-S0> Marvin Crenshaw (born February 3, 1952) is a former American football offensive tackle who played college football at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln and attended Woodward High School in Toledo, Ohio, where he was named All-City and All-City Academic in football and basketball. <P1-S1>  He was drafted by the Pittsburgh Steelers in the sixth round of the 1975 NFL Draft. <P1-S2>  He was a consensus All-American in 1974. <P1-S3>  He was also named first-team All-Big Eight in 1974. <SEP> <P2-S0> Hunter Taverner Hillenmeyer (born October 28, 1980) is a former American football linebacker in the National Football League (NFL). <P2-S1>  Hillenmeyer attended high school at Montgomery Bell Academy and played college football at Vanderbilt University. <P2-S2>  He was drafted by the Green Bay Packers in the fifth round of the 2003 NFL Draft and played for the Chicago Bears from 2003 to 2010. <SEP> <P3-S0> Vanderbilt University (also known informally as Vandy) is a private research university located in Nashville, Tennessee. <P3-S1>  Vanderbilt hoped that his gift and the greater work of the university would help to heal the sectional wounds inflicted by the Civil War. <P3-S2>  Founded in 1873, it was named in honor of shipping and rail magnate Cornelius Vanderbilt, who provided the school its initial $1 million endowment despite having never been to the South.
Question: What is the location that the film "Free State of Jones" based on?

<P0-S0>  Local legends tell of Knight and his men forming the "Free State of Jones" in the area in and around Jones County, Mississippi, at the height of the war. <P0-S1> Newton Knight (November 10, 1829 – February 16, 1922) was an American farmer, soldier and Southern Unionist in Mississippi, best known as the leader of the Knight Company, a band of Confederate army deserters who resisted the Confederacy during the Civil War. <P0-S2>  The nature and extent of the Knight Company's opposition to the Confederate government is disputed among historians. <P0-S3>  After the war, Knight joined the Republican Party and served in Mississippi's Reconstruction government as a deputy US Marshal. <SEP> <P1-S0> Free State of Jones is a 2016 American historical period war film inspired by the life of Newton Knight and his armed revolt against the Confederacy in Jones County, Mississippi, throughout the American Civil War. <P1-S1>  Written and directed by Gary Ross, the film stars Matthew McConaughey, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Mahershala Ali, and Keri Russell. <SEP> <P2-S0> Seanad Éireann, the upper house of the Oireachtas (legislature) of the Irish Free State, was first constituted on 8 December 1922. <P2-S1>  The Free State Seanad was elected in stages and thus considered to be in permanent session. <P2-S2>  However, as a gesture of continuity with its Free State predecessor, the first Seanad elected after 1937 is numbered as the "Second Seanad". <P2-S3>  The Free State Senate, despite the occurrence of five senatorial elections before its abolition, is considered to have been a single 'Seanad' for the duration of its existence and is thus referred for that whole period as the "First Seanad". <SEP> <P3-S0> The Free State Cheetahs (formerly the Orange Free State), currently named the Toyota Free State Cheetahs, for sponsorship reasons, are a South African rugby union team that participates in the annual Currie Cup tournament. <P3-S1>  They are governed by the Free State Rugby Union and are based at the 48,000 capacity Free State Stadium in Bloemfontein. <P3-S2>  The Cheetahs have only won the Currie Cup 5 times. <P3-S3>  However, they have been one of the most successful teams in recent history, winning the cup three times consecutively from 2005 to 2007. <P3-S4>  Since the advent of professionalism in rugby union, they have been considered one of South Africa's "Big 5" provincial rugby Unions.
Question: Lake Winnepesaukah's Boat Chute is the oldest type of ride that originated when? 

<P0-S0> Chute Lake is a small lake on the east side of Okanagan Mountain, in the Okanagan Valley in the southern interior of British Columbia. <P0-S1>  The only access roads are the Chute Lake Forestry Road, leading to Naramata in the south, and the Kettle Valley Rail Trail, leading to Kelowna in the north. <P0-S2>  The Chute Lake Resort is located on the lake's southwest shore. <SEP> <P1-S0> An old mill is a type of amusement park ride with unaccompanied boats floated on guideways through dark tunnels. <P1-S1>  These themed dark rides originated in the late 19th century and are known by a variety of names, including tunnel of love and river cave. <P1-S2>  While generally considered a gentle ride, a variation that ends with a climactic splashdown, similar to the modern-day log flume, is known as a mill chute. <SEP> <P2-S0> Shoot the Chute is an amusement ride consisting of a flat-bottomed boat that slides down a ramp or inside a flume into a lagoon. <P2-S1>  Unlike a log flume, a Shoot the Chute ride generally has larger boats and one single drop. <SEP> <P3-S0> Lake Winnepesaukah, commonly known as Lake Winnie, is an amusement park located in Rossville, Georgia, just south of Chattanooga, Tennessee. <P3-S1>  Carl and Minette Dixon opened the park to over 5,000 guests on June 1, 1925. <P3-S2>  They named it after the Native American word "Winnepesaukah", meaning “bountiful waters” or “beautiful lake of the highlands”. <P3-S3>  The park originally featured the largest swimming pool in the southeastern United States, which debuted in 1926 and was later removed. <P3-S4>  Its Boat Chute attraction, designed by Carl Dixon, opened in 1927 and is the oldest mill chute water ride of its kind still in operation in the United States.
Question: Are the Brut Cocktail and a Cojito both varieties of cocktail?

<P0-S0> The Brut Cocktail is an early cocktail that appears in William "Cocktail" Boothby's 1908 work The World's Drinks And How To Mix Them as <SEP> <P1-S0> Robert B. Hess is a cocktail expert, a co-founder of the Museum of the American Cocktail, and a technology evangelist for Microsoft. <P1-S1>  Hess is the author of "The Essential Bartender's Guide: How to Make Truly Great Cocktails" published by Mud Puddle Books in 2008. <P1-S2>  He is also the host of "The Cocktail Spirit," an online video series published by the Small Screen Network. <P1-S3>  In late 2008, Hess, along with several other well-known cocktail personalities, founded The Chanticleer Society, a "Worldwide Organization of Cocktail Enthusiasts." <P1-S4>  Hess also writes a column entitled "Classic Cocktails" for the bi-monthly fine beverage publication, Mutineer Magazine. <SEP> <P2-S0> A cocktail waitress is a female server who brings drinks to patrons of drinking establishments such as bars, cocktail lounges, casinos, comedy clubs, jazz clubs, cabarets, and other live music venues. <P2-S1>  Some may wear revealing clothing as a ploy to increase tips. <P2-S2>  Casinos traditionally dress their cocktail waitresses in fancy outfits with very short skirts and pantyhose or fishnet stockings, while less flashy establishments may require waitstaff attire. <P2-S3>  Playboy Bunnies are a famous example of the profession. <P2-S4>  In the United States, cocktail waitresses are common in casino towns like Atlantic City, Las Vegas, and Reno. <SEP> <P3-S0> The Cojito cocktail is a cocktail made with lime and mint and is widely used among Cuban bartenders.
Question: In which year was this Czech composer, musical theorist, folklorist, publicist and teacher born who composed "Concertino?"

<P0-S0> René Leibowitz (] ; 17 February 1913 – 29 August 1972) was a Polish, later naturalized French, composer, conductor, music theorist and teacher born in Warsaw, Poland. <P0-S1>  He was historically significant in promoting serialism and the New Music in Paris, France after World War II. <SEP> <P1-S0> The Concertino for piano, two violins, viola, clarinet, French horn and bassoon is a composition by the Czech composer Leoš Janáček. <SEP> <P2-S0> Alois Hába (21 June 1893 – 18 November 1973) was a Czech composer, music theorist and teacher. <P2-S1>  He belongs to the important discoverers in modern classical music, and major composers of microtonal music, especially using the quarter-tone scale, though he used others such as sixth-tones (e.g., in the 5th, 10th and 11th String Quartets), fifth-tones (Sixteenth String Quartet), and twelfth-tones. <P2-S2>  From the other mictrotonal conceptions, he discussed a "three-quarter tone" system (see three-quarter tone flat and the neutral second) in his theoretical works but he used scales in this tuning in sections of some of his compositions. <P2-S3>  In his prolific career, Hába composed three operas, an enormous collection of chamber music including 16 string quartets, piano, organ and choral pieces, some orchestral works and songs. <P2-S4>  He also had special keyboard and woodwind instruments constructed that were capable of playing quarter-tone scales. <SEP> <P3-S0> Leoš Janáček (] , baptised Leo Eugen Janáček; 3 July 1854 – 12 August 1928) was a Czech composer, musical theorist, folklorist, publicist and teacher. <P3-S1>  He was inspired by Moravian and other Slavic folk music to create an original, modern musical style.