winkelee/scaling-down huggingface dataset:
Question: Which Las Vegas Strip hotel was managed by a business executive who also worked at the Copacabana nightclub in New York City?

<P0-S0> The Sands Hotel and Casino was a historic hotel and casino on the Las Vegas Strip in Nevada, United States, that operated from 1952 to 1996. <P0-S1>  Designed by the architect Wayne McAllister, with a prominent 56 ft high sign, the Sands was the seventh resort to open on the Strip. <P0-S2>  During its heyday, the Sands was the center of entertainment and "cool" on the Strip, and hosted many famous entertainers of the day, most notably the Rat Pack. <SEP> <P1-S0> Jules Podell (died 1973) was a former nightclub operator who ran the Copacabana nightclub in New York City. <P1-S1>  Although it was opened in 1940 by Monte Proser, Podell was put in place by mob boss Frank Costello, Proser's partner. <P1-S2>  By 1950 Podell was making all the decisions and Proser was gone. <P1-S3>  Podell ran the club until he died in 1973. <SEP> <P2-S0> Jack Entratter (February 28, 1913 – March 11, 1971), nicknamed "Mr. Entertainment", was an American business executive. <P2-S1>  He is best known for management positions at the Copacabana nightclub in New York City in the 1940s and early 1950s, and at the iconic Sands Hotel and Casino in Las Vegas from the early 1950s. <P2-S2>  He is closely associated with Frank Sinatra and the Rat Pack in the history of Las Vegas, Nevada. <SEP> <P3-S0> The Westin Las Vegas Hotel & Spa is a resort near the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada. <P3-S1>  The Westin is managed by Pyramid Hotel Group, under franchise from Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide, owner of Westin Hotels. <P3-S2>  It is noteworthy for being one of the first Las Vegas resorts to prohibit smoking in almost all parts of the property.
Question: The Radio Operator & Air Gunner's Badge, is a commonly accepted title for the German title, translated into English,Combined Air Gunner, Radio Operator and Flight Engineer Badge, it was a German military decoration awarded to radio operators, air gunners and mechanics (flight engineers) who were members of the German Air Force, translated into what in German, a flight engineer (FE), also sometimes called an air engineer, is the member of an aircraft's flight crew who monitors and operates its complex aircraft systems?

<P0-S0> An air gunner (AG) also known as "aerial gunner" is a member of an air force aircrew who operates flexible-mount or turret-mounted machine guns or autocannons in an aircraft. <P0-S1>  Modern aircraft weapons are usually operated automatically without the need for a dedicated air gunner, but older (World War II and earlier) generation bombers used to carry up to eight air gunners. <SEP> <P1-S0>  Flight engineers can still be found on some larger fixed-wing airplanes, and helicopters. <P1-S1> A flight engineer (FE), also sometimes called an air engineer, is the member of an aircraft's flight crew who monitors and operates its complex aircraft systems. <P1-S2>  In the early era of aviation, the position was sometimes referred to as the "air mechanic". <P1-S3>  A similar crew position exists on some spacecraft. <P1-S4>  In most modern aircraft, their complex systems are both monitored and adjusted by electronic microprocessors and computers, resulting in the elimination of the flight engineer's position. <SEP> <P2-S0>  It was a German military decoration awarded to radio operators, air gunners and mechanics (flight engineers) who were members of the German Air Force (Luftwaffe) after they completed two months training or had taken part in at least five operational flights. <P2-S1>  If wounded during an operational flight, the badge could be awarded and worn earlier. <P2-S2>  Later in June 1942, a separate badge was introduced for Air Gunners and Flight Engineers. <P2-S3>  That badge had the same qualifications. <P2-S4> The Radio Operator & Air Gunner's Badge (German: "Fliegerschützenabzeichen für Bordfunker" ) is a commonly accepted title for the "Luftwaffen-Fliegerschützen-Bordfunker-und Bordmechanikerabzeichen" (Combined Air Gunner, Radio Operator and Flight Engineer Badge). <SEP> <P3-S0> The Air Gunner's and Flight Engineer's badge (German: "Fliegerschützenabzeichen für Bordschützen und Bordmechaniker" ) was a German military decoration awarded to air gunners, mechanics (flight engineers) or aircrew meteorologists who were members of the German Air Force (Luftwaffe) after they completed two months training or had taken part in at least five operational flights. <P3-S1>  If one was wounded during an operational flight, the badge could be awarded earlier. <P3-S2>  For Luftwaffe members who were air gunners and mechanics (flight engineers) this badge replaced an earlier separate badge which had been introduced back in 1935. <P3-S3>  The qualifications for the two badges were the same for recipients.
Question: What tunnel runs under the Hudson River and has a ventilation system innovated by Ole Knutsen Singstad?

<P0-S0> Heat recovery ventilation (HRV), also known as mechanical ventilation heat recovery (MVHR), is an energy recovery ventilation system using equipment known as a heat recovery ventilator, heat exchanger, air exchanger, or air-to-air heat exchanger which employs a cross flow or counter-flow heat exchanger (countercurrent heat exchange) between the inbound and outbound air flow. <P0-S1>  HRV provides fresh air and improved climate control, while also saving energy by reducing heating (and cooling) requirements for many applications including vehicles. <SEP> <P1-S0> The Lincoln Tunnel is an approximately 1.5 mi set of three tunnels under the Hudson River, connecting Weehawken, New Jersey and Midtown Manhattan in New York City. <P1-S1>  An integral conduit within the New York Metropolitan Area, it was designed by Norwegian-born civil engineer Ole Singstad and named after U.S. President Abraham Lincoln. <P1-S2>  It is one of two automobile tunnels built under the river, the other being the Holland Tunnel. <P1-S3>  In 2016, the Lincoln Tunnel carried a daily average of approximately 52,632 motor vehicles (or 19,210,919 for the year). <SEP> <P2-S0>  Its two tubes carry eastbound and westbound Interstate 78. <P2-S1>  In New Jersey, it is also designated NJ 139. <P2-S2> The Holland Tunnel is a highway tunnel under the Hudson River between Manhattan in New York City and Jersey City, New Jersey. <P2-S3>  An integral conduit within the New York Metropolitan Area, it opened in 1927 as the first of two vehicular tunnels under the river, the other being the Lincoln Tunnel. <P2-S4>  Both are operated by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. <SEP> <P3-S0> Ole Knutsen Singstad (June 29, 1882 – December 8, 1969) was a Norwegian-American civil engineer who innovated the ventilation system for the Holland Tunnel (which subsequently became commonly used in other automotive tunnels) and advanced the use of the "Sunk-tube" method of underwater vehicular tunnel building, a system of constructing the tunnels with prefabricated sections.
Question: Chokwe Antar Lumumba, is an American attorney, activist, politician and the current Mayor of Jackson, Mississippi, Lumumba is endorsed by Working Families Party and ran on a progressive platform, like his late father, who, he was an American attorney and politician, affiliated with the Republic of New Afrika and serving as its second vice president?

<P0-S0> Chokwe Lumumba ( ; August 2, 1947 – February 25, 2014) was an American attorney and politician, affiliated with the Republic of New Afrika and serving as its second vice president. <P0-S1>  He served as a human rights lawyer in Michigan and Mississippi. <P0-S2>  In 2013, after serving on the City Council, he was elected as Mayor of Jackson, Mississippi. <P0-S3>  He was born in Detroit, Michigan, as Edwin Finley Taliaferro, and was raised there, attending local schools. <SEP> <P1-S0> The 2009 election for Mayor of New York City took place on Tuesday, November 3. <P1-S1>  The incumbent Mayor, Michael Bloomberg, an independent who left the Republican Party in 2008, won reelection on the Republican and Independence Party/Jobs & Education lines with 50.7% of the vote over the retiring City Comptroller, Bill Thompson, a Democrat (also endorsed by the Working Families Party), who won 46.3%. <P1-S2>  Thompson had won the Democratic primary election on September 15 with 71% of the vote over City Councilman Tony Avella and Roland Rogers. <P1-S3>  This was the fifth straight mayoral victory by Republican candidates in New York despite the city's strongly Democratic leaning in national and state elections. <SEP> <P2-S0> Tony Tarzell Yarber (born April 16, 1978) is an American pastor, educator and politician in Jackson, Mississippi. <P2-S1>  In April 2014 he was elected as Mayor of Jackson in a special election following the death in office of Chokwe Lumumba. <P2-S2>  A native of Jackson and experienced city councillor, Yarber is noted for his passion for youth causes, and has been described as "a consensus builder". <P2-S3>  He was succeeded as Mayor of Jackson by his predecessor's son Chokwe Antar Lumumba on July 3, 2017. <SEP> <P3-S0> Chokwe Antar Lumumba (born March 29, 1983) is an American attorney, activist, politician and the current Mayor of Jackson, Mississippi. <P3-S1>  While running for mayor, Lumumba soundly won the Democratic nomination, defeating incumbent mayor Tony Yarber and John Horhn, a state senator. <P3-S2>  As Jackson is a heavily Democratic leaning city, Lumumba's primary victory was likely to make him the next mayor of Jackson. <P3-S3>  Lumumba is married to his wife Ebony, and they have one child. <P3-S4>  Lumumba is endorsed by Working Families Party and ran on a progressive platform, like his late father Chokwe Lumumba, who served as Jackson's mayor briefly before his death in 2014.
Question: Bignonia and Hakonechloa are both what classification? 

<P0-S0> "Hakonechloa is a genus of bunchgrass in the Molinieae tribe of the Poaceae family (grasses), native to eastern Asia. <SEP> <P1-S0> Bignonia is a genus of flowering plants in the catalpa family, Bignoniaceae. <P1-S1>  Its genus and family were named after Jean-Paul Bignon by his protégé Joseph Pitton de Tournefort in 1694, and the genus was established as part of modern botanical nomenclature in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus.
Question: Susanna Kaysen's bestselling psychiatric memoir was made into a film in 1999, produced by Michael Costigan. What was it called?

<P0-S0> Faith of My Fathers is a 1999 bestselling non-fiction book by United States Senator John McCain with Mark Salter. <P0-S1>  Published by Random House, it is part autobiography, part family memoir. <P0-S2>  It traces the story of McCain's life growing up, during his time in the United States Naval Academy, and his military service as a naval aviator before and during the Vietnam War. <P0-S3>  His story is interwoven with those of his father John S. "Jack" McCain, Jr. and his grandfather John S. "Slew" McCain, Sr., both four-star admirals in the Navy. <SEP> <P1-S0> Girl, Interrupted is a 1999 American psychological drama film, and a loosely based adaptation of Susanna Kaysen's 1993 memoir of the same name. <P1-S1>  The film chronicles Kaysen's 18-month stay at a mental institution. <P1-S2>  Directed by James Mangold, the film stars Winona Ryder (who also served as an executive producer on the film) as Kaysen, with a supporting cast that includes Angelina Jolie, Brittany Murphy, Clea DuVall, Whoopi Goldberg, Elisabeth Moss and Vanessa Redgrave. <SEP> <P2-S0> Girl, Interrupted is a best-selling 1993 memoir by American author Susanna Kaysen, relating her experiences as a young woman in a psychiatric hospital in the 1960s after being diagnosed with borderline personality disorder. <P2-S1>  The memoir's title is a reference to the Vermeer painting "Girl Interrupted at Her Music". <SEP> <P3-S0> Michael Costigan is a film producer and an executive producer. <P3-S1>  Costigan graduated from Brown University in 1990. <P3-S2>  He left Sony and worked as executive producer on "Brokeback Mountain" (2005). <P3-S3>  Costigan started a production company, Corduroy Films, in 2002. <P3-S4>  He was a production executive at Columbia Pictures at Sony Pictures Entertainment, where he worked for nine years on films including "Bottle Rocket" (1996), "The People vs. Larry Flynt" (1996), "Gattaca" (1997), "Girl, Interrupted" (1999), and "Charlie's Angels" (2000). <P3-S5>  He then became president at Scott Free Productions from 2005 to 2012. <P3-S6>  Costigan left Scott Free to work full-time as a film producer. <P3-S7>  He started the production company COTA Films and signed a two-year deal with Sony.
Question: Paricutin is what natural phenomenon that resulted in covering the town of San Juan Parangaricutiro?

<P0-S0> Cattle Point Lighthouse is a lighthouse on the southeastern tip of San Juan Island overlooking the Strait of Juan de Fuca where the Haro Straits meet the San Juan Channel, in San Juan County, Washington. <P0-S1>  The light lies adjacent to the state's Cattle Point Natural Resources Conservation Area and, as of 2013, is part of the San Juan Islands National Monument. <SEP> <P1-S0>  The city is called "Nuevo" (Spanish for "New") because the original San Juan Parangaricutiro was destroyed during the formation of the Parícutin volcano in 1943. <P1-S1> Nuevo San Juan Parangaricutiro, in the Mexican state of Michoacán, is a small village near the Parícutin volcano. <P1-S2>  Along with the village of Parícutin, San Juan Parangaricutiro was buried beneath ash and lava. <P1-S3>  The tops of cathedrals in old San Juan Parangaricutiro still protrude from the volcanic deposits. <SEP> <P2-S0> The San Juan National Forest is a U.S. National Forest covering over 1,878,846 acres (2,935.7 sq mi, or 7,603.42 km²) in western Colorado. <P2-S1>  The forest occupies land in Archuleta, Conejos, Dolores, Hinsdale, La Plata, Mineral, Montezuma, Rio Grande, San Miguel and San Juan Counties. <P2-S2>  It borders the Uncompahgre National Forest to the north and the Rio Grande National Forest to the east. <P2-S3>  The forest covers most of the southern portion of the San Juan Mountains west of the Continental Divide. <P2-S4>  The forest contains two alpine wilderness areas; the Weminuche and South San Juan, as well as the Piedra Area. <SEP> <P3-S0>  The volcano surged suddenly from the cornfield of local farmer Dionisio Pulido in 1943, attracting both popular and scientific attention. <P3-S1> Parícutin (or Volcán de Parícutin, also accented Paricutín) is a cinder cone volcano located in the Mexican state of Michoacán, near the city of Uruapan and about 322 km west of Mexico City.
Question: The soundtrack and score to the film "Niruttara" was composed by a man born in what month?

<P0-S0> Niruttara (English:Unanswered) is a 2016 Indian Kannada romantic drama film written & directed by Apoorva Kasaravalli, making his debut, and produced by actress Bhavana and Aravind Ramanna. <P0-S1>  The film's soundtrack and score is composed by Niladri Kumar, a classical musician making his film debut. <P0-S2>  The film revolves around four main characters played by Rahul Bose, in his debut Kannada film, Bhavana, Kiran Srinivas and Aindrita Ray. <P0-S3>  Whilst the cinematography is by H. M. Ramachandra, the sound design is by the Academy Award winner Resul Pookutty, making his debut in Kannada films. <SEP> <P1-S0> Niladri Kumar (born April) is an Indian classical and fusion musician. <SEP> <P2-S0> Maryan (English: "The Immortal" ) is the soundtrack album, composed by A. R. Rahman for the 2013 Tamil film of the same name directed by Bharatbala. <P2-S1> The film that is produced under the banner Aascar Films stars actor Dhanush and actress Parvathy in the lead roles. <P2-S2>  The album was released under the label Sony Music on 13 May 2013, worldwide. <P2-S3>  The music received extremely positive critical reception and overwhelming audience response after its release. <P2-S4>  It also topped the iTunes India charts for the month of May and June 2013. <P2-S5>  Further, for the remaining months of 2013, it maintained its position in the top 10 music album charts. <P2-S6>  The soundtrack album was adjudged as "Tamil Album of Year" in iTunes’ Best of 2013. <P2-S7>  Rahman won the Norway Tamil Film Festival Best Music Director award and the SIIMA Award for Best Music Director in 2014. <P2-S8>  The soundtrack was nominated at the 2014 Edison Awards and Vijay Awards for both best music direction and best background score. <P2-S9>  Rahman was also nominated for Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Tamil but he won the same award for his compositions to "Kadal". <SEP> <P3-S0> GetBackers (Japanese: ゲットバッカーズ -奪還屋- , Hepburn: Gettobakkāzu Dakkan'ya , lit. <P3-S1>  "GetBackers: Recovery Service") is a Japanese manga series written by Yuya Aoki and illustrated by Rando Ayamine. <P3-S2>  The series was serialized and is published by Kodansha's "Weekly Shōnen Magazine" from 1999 until 2007, totaling 39 volumes. <P3-S3>  The plot follows the "GetBackers", a group that retrieves anything that was lost. <P3-S4>  The team is primarily composed of Ban Mido, a man born with the illusionary technique "Evil Eye", and Ginji Amano the former leader of a gang called "The VOLTS", a powerful group in the dangerous territory called the Infinity Fortress in Shinjuku.
Question: Were Walerian Borowczyk and Seth Grahame-Smith of Japanese descent?

<P0-S0> Dom (Polish for House) is a 1958 Polish short film directed by Walerian Borowczyk and Jan Lenica. <P0-S1>  The short combines live action with various animation techniques, such as stop motion, cut-out animation and pixilation. <SEP> <P1-S0>  He directed 40 films between 1946 and 1988. <P1-S1>  Borowczyk settled in Paris in 1959. <P1-S2> Walerian Borowczyk (21 October 1923 – 3 February 2006) was an internationally known Polish film director described by film critics as a 'genius who also happened to be a pornographer'. <P1-S3>  His career as a film director was mainly in France. <SEP> <P2-S0>  He is best known as the author of "The New York Times" best-selling novels "Pride and Prejudice and Zombies" and "Abraham Lincoln, Vampire Hunter", both of which have been adapted as feature films. <P2-S1>  Grahame-Smith is also the co-creator, head writer and executive producer of "The Hard Times of RJ Berger", a scripted television comedy appearing on MTV. <P2-S2> Seth Grahame-Smith (born Seth Jared Greenberg; January 4, 1976) is an American novelist, film director, film producer, and screenwriter. <P2-S3>  In collaboration with David Katzenberg, his partner in Katzsmith Productions, Grahame-Smith is currently developing a number of projects for television and film. <SEP> <P3-S0> Immoral Women (French: "Les héroïnes du mal" ) is a 1979 French erotic drama directed by Walerian Borowczyk, written by Borowczyk and André Pieyre de Mandiargues and starring Jean-Claude Dreyfus, Marina Pierro and Françoise Quéré.
Question: J. P. Moreland and Stephen C. Meyer are supporters of which variety of creationism?

<P0-S0> The Vermont gubernatorial election of 1888 took place on September 4, 1888. <P0-S1>  Incumbent Republican Ebenezer J. Ormsbee, per the "Mountain Rule", did not run for re-election to a second term as Governor of Vermont. <P0-S2>  Republican candidate William P. Dillingham defeated Democratic candidate Stephen C. Shurtleff to succeed him. <SEP> <P1-S0> Theistic science, also referred to as theistic realism, is the pseudoscientific proposal that methodological naturalism should be replaced by a philosophy of science that allows in occasional supernatural explanation, which would bear special relevance to theology; as for example evolution. <P1-S1>  Supporters of this viewpoint include intelligent design creationism proponents J. P. Moreland, Alvin Plantinga, Stephen C. Meyer and Phillip E. Johnson. <SEP> <P2-S0>  He currently serves as a Distinguished Professor of Philosophy at Talbot School of Theology at Biola University in La Mirada, California. <P2-S1> James Porter Moreland (born March 9, 1948), better known as J. P. Moreland, is an American philosopher, theologian, and Christian apologist. <SEP> <P3-S0> The Atlanta & Edgewood Street Railroad Company of Atlanta, Georgia was organized in 1886 by Joel Hurt, C. W. Hubner, H. E. W. Palmer, W. P. Inman, Peter Lynch, R. C. Mitchell, Asa Griggs Candler, J. P. McDonald, J. G. Reynolds, A. F. Moreland, and P. H. Harralson. <P3-S1>  It was originally authorized to run horsecars along Foster Street (which would soon be renamed Edgewood Avenue) to what was then the separate village of Edgewood.
Question: What nationality is the star of The Pink Chiquitas?

<P0-S0>  He is the younger brother of actor Sylvester Stallone. <P0-S1> Frank P. Stallone Jr. (born July 30, 1950) is an American actor, singer/guitarist and songwriter. <SEP> <P1-S0> The Pink Star, formerly known as the Steinmetz Pink, is a diamond weighing 59.60 carat (11.92 g), rated in color as Fancy Vivid Pink by the Gemological Institute of America. <P1-S1>  The Pink Star was mined by De Beers in 1999 in South Africa, and weighed 132.5 carat in the rough. <P1-S2>  The Pink Star is the largest known diamond having been rated Vivid Pink. <P1-S3>  As a result of this exceptional rarity, the Benny Steinmetz Group called Steinmetz Diamonds took a cautious 20 months to cut the Pink. <P1-S4>  It was unveiled in Monaco on 29 May 2003 in a public ceremony. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Pink Chiquitas is a 1987 Canadian comedy film about a pink meteor that lands near a small town, turning its female residents into nymphomaniacs. <P2-S1>  The film was directed by Anthony Currie, and stars Frank Stallone, Elizabeth Edwards, and Claudia Udy. <SEP> <P3-S0> Eloy is a German progressive rock band, whose musical style includes symphonic and space rock, the latter theme being more prevalent on earlier albums. <P3-S1>  Despite their nationality and time period, the band is not generally considered krautrock because of their sound, which has much more in common with English progressive rock and symphonic rock groups such as Pink Floyd, King Crimson, Yes, and Camel.
Question: When was the English actress starred in London Road born? 

<P0-S0> David Dixon (born 28 October 1947) is an English actor and screenwriter. <P0-S1>  He was born in the Nightingale Maternity Home, Derby, near his father's shop in London Road and brought up there before the family moved to Normanton in 1959. <SEP> <P1-S0> Akenfield is a film made by Peter Hall in 1974, based loosely upon the book "Akenfield: Portrait of an English Village" by Ronald Blythe (1969). <P1-S1>  It can claim a degree of cult status - and has been described as a work of rural realism, unusual in relation to East Anglia. <P1-S2>  Blythe himself has a cameo role as the vicar and all other parts are played by real-life villagers who improvised their own dialogue. <P1-S3>  There are no professional actors in the piece. <P1-S4>  The director's father Reg Hall, a station master born in Bury St Edmunds, appears briefly as the village policeman walking down a lane with a bicycle. <P1-S5>  Blythe's book is the distillation of interviews with local people, and his technique is somewhat echoed in the pioneering verbatim theatre style developed in London Road at the National Theatre in 2011. <P1-S6>  Akenfield the film is a work of fiction, based on an 18-page story synopsis by Blythe. <P1-S7>  Most of the filming was done at weekends, when the cast was available, and shooting took almost a year - following the changing seasons in the process. <SEP> <P2-S0>  The film stars Olivia Colman, Anita Dobson, and Tom Hardy. <P2-S1> London Road is a 2015 British musical mystery crime drama film directed by Rufus Norris and written by Adam Cork and Alecky Blythe based on their National Theatre musical of the same name, which in turn is based on the interviews about the Steve Wright killings. <SEP> <P3-S0> Sarah Caroline Olivia Colman (born 30 January 1974) is an English actress. <P3-S1>  She has won three BAFTA Awards, three BIFA Awards, one Golden Globe Award, and has been nominated twice for an Emmy Award.
Question: Ira Griffith Rawn, was president of Monon Railroad from November 1909 until when?

<P0-S0> The Monon Railroad (reporting mark MON) , also known as the Chicago, Indianapolis, and Louisville Railway (reporting mark CIL) from 1897 to 1956, was an American railroad that operated almost entirely within the state of Indiana. <P0-S1>  The Monon was merged into the Louisville and Nashville Railroad in 1971, and much of the former Monon right of way is owned today by CSX Transportation. <P0-S2>  In 1970 it operated 540 mi of road on 792 mi of track; that year it reported 1320 million ton-miles of revenue freight and zero passenger-miles. <P0-S3>  (It showed zero miles of double track, the longest such Class I railroad in the country.) <SEP> <P1-S0> Rodrig Goliescu (1882–1942) was a Romanian inventor, engineer, and Lieutenant, who built the "avioplan", the first airplane with a tubular fuselage. <P1-S1> The model, with a length of 1.2 m was successfully tested in 1909, having a take off angle of 30 degrees. <P1-S2>  The originality of this aircraft was the shape of the fuselage, designed for minimum drag and acting as a tube fan, similar to the way the modern vertical take off aircraft and helicopters are designed. <P1-S3>  This shape reduced drag and increased the efficiency of the propeller. <P1-S4>  Helped by the Minister of Education, Spiru Haret, who also helped Aurel Vlaicu, in 1909 he went to France to acquire an engine for his aircraft. <P1-S5>  In Paris he sent a survey "Laws of air dynamics" to the French Academy, study that was published in "La France automobile et aérienne" magazine, on 15 May 1909. <P1-S6>  Goliescu patented his invention in France (patent no. 402329). <P1-S7>  In the same year he learned to fly and he built an updated version of his aircraft, this time in full size. <P1-S8>  The aircraft had a half cylinder fuselage, but still the air from the propeller flowed through as in the first model. <P1-S9>  He flies with his aircraft for the first time, in November 1909, on Juvisy airfield, near Paris, and he reaches an altitude of about 50 m. <P1-S10>  It was for the first time to fly an aircraft with a tubed propeller. <SEP> <P2-S0> Ira Griffith Rawn (August 20, 1855 – July 20, 1910) was General Manager of Baltimore and Ohio Railroad from 1904 to 1907, vice president of Illinois Central Railroad from 1907 to 1909 and president of Monon Railroad from November 1909 until his death. <SEP> <P3-S0> Griffith Jones (born Harold Jones; 19 November 1909 – 30 January 2007) was an English film, stage and television actor.
Question: What is the Marine Corp equivalent of the military award Eugene Mead Caffey received for his heroism in World War II?

<P0-S0> Stefan Szlaszewski (25 May 1892–1959?) <P0-S1>  was a Polish military officer and a notable commander of mountain troops of the Polish Army in the period preceding World War II. <P0-S2>  Serving at the rank of Colonel, he was the commanding officer of the Polish 2nd Podhale Rifles Regiment in Sanok, a prestigious unit of the Podhale Rifles attached to the 22nd Division. <P0-S3>  For his part in the battles of Kraków and Kielce during the Invasion of Poland he was awarded the Silver Cross of the Virtuti Militari, the highest Polish military award. <P0-S4>  For his part in the Polish-Bolshevik War and the remainder of World War II he also received a number of other decorations, both Polish and foreign. <P0-S5>  Among them was the Cross of Independence and the French Chevalier of the Legion of Honour. <SEP> <P1-S0> The Army of Occupation Medal is a military award of the United States military which was established by the United States War Department on 5 April 1946. <P1-S1>  The medal was created in the aftermath of the Second World War to recognize those who had performed occupation service in either Germany, Italy, Austria, or Japan. <P1-S2>  The original Army of Occupation Medal was intended only for members of the United States Army, but was expanded in 1948 to encompass the United States Air Force shortly after that service's creation. <P1-S3>  The Navy and Marine equivalent of the Army of Occupation Medal is the Navy Occupation Service Medal. <SEP> <P2-S0>  The Distinguished Service Cross is equivalent to the Navy Cross (Navy and Marine Corps), the Air Force Cross (Air Force), and the Coast Guard Cross (Coast Guard). <P2-S1> The Distinguished Service Cross is the second highest military award that can be given to a member of the United States Army (and previously, the United States Army Air Forces and the United States Air Force), for extreme gallantry and risk of life in actual combat with an armed enemy force. <P2-S2>  Actions that merit the Distinguished Service Cross must be of such a high degree that they are above those required for all other U.S. combat decorations but do not meet the criteria for the Medal of Honor. <SEP> <P3-S0>  He was a recipient of the Distinguished Service Cross for heroism in World War II, and retired as Major General. <P3-S1> Eugene Mead Caffey (December 21, 1895 in Decatur – May 30, 1961 in Las Cruces) was an American Colonel in the United States Army during World War II, and he later served as Judge Advocate General of the United States Army.
Question:  Ted Sharks and Carlos Reygadas both worked in what industry?

<P0-S0>  Influenced by existentialist art and philosophy, Reygadas' movies feature spiritual journeys into the inner worlds of his main characters, through which themes of love, suffering, death, and life's meaning are explored. <P0-S1> Carlos Reygadas Castillo (] ; born October 10, 1971) is a Mexican filmmaker. <SEP> <P1-S0> The municipality was named after Spanish governor-general General Antonio de Urbiztondo y Villasis who acted as Spanish Governor in the Philippines and was also conqueror of the Muslims in Jolo from 1850 to 1852. <P1-S1>  He then issued a decree founding the town and consequently the newly formed town was named “Urbiztondo” in his honor. <P1-S2>  The Municipality of Urbiztondo’s establishment as a town was primarily due to Fr. <P1-S3>  Ramon Dalmau, the parish priest of San Carlos, who began its foundation in 1852, separating the said town from San Carlos now a city. <P1-S4>  The initiative in the emergence of Urbiztondo came from the pioneering fathers from San Carlos, Pangasinan. <P1-S5>  Its creation has been credited to Rev. Father Ramon Dalmau, curate of San Carlos who worked hard for its founding on November 28, 1853. <P1-S6>  It remained a visita of San Carlos in the year 1852. <P1-S7>  It was separated from San Carlos on the above date when it was assigned its own curate. <P1-S8>  The Dominicans accepted Urbiztondo as a vicariate in 1855 designating Rev. Father Francisco Treserra who is also responsible for relocating the town to the place where it is now located. <SEP> <P2-S0> Post Tenebras Lux is a 2012 drama film written and directed by Carlos Reygadas. <P2-S1>  The title is Latin for "Light after darkness". <P2-S2>  The film is semiautobiographical, and the narrative follows a rural couple in Mexico, with additional scenes from England, Spain and Belgium; all places where Reygadas has lived. <P2-S3>  The film competed in competition at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival and Reygadas won the Best Director Award. <SEP> <P3-S0> Ted Sharks (born January 25) is a Japanese film director, producer, screenwriter and editor. <P3-S1>  He is best known for writing and directing "Hard to Say", "Save the Underprivileged" and "An Ideal Marriage".
Question: When did the proposer of Lazika first become president of Georgia?

<P0-S0> The first inauguration of Bill Clinton as the 42nd President of the United States was held on Wednesday, January 20, 1993 on the West Front of the United States Capitol Building in Washington, D.C.. <P0-S1>  The inauguration marked the commencement of the first four-year term of Bill Clinton as President and Al Gore as Vice President. <P0-S2>  At of age time of his first inauguration, Clinton was the third-youngest person to become president, and the first from the Baby Boomer generation. <SEP> <P1-S0> The Presidency of Benigno S. Aquino III, also known as Benigno Aquino III Administration, began at noon on June 30, 2010, when he became the fifteenth President of the Philippines, succeeding Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo. <P1-S1>  Aquino is the third-youngest person to be elected president, and the fourth-youngest president after Emilio Aguinaldo, Ramon Magsaysay and Ferdinand Marcos. <P1-S2>  Aquino is the first president to be a bachelor, being unmarried and having no children. <P1-S3>  Aquino is the second president not to drink alcoholic beverages; the first president not to drink alcohol was Emilio Aguinaldo. <P1-S4>  Aquino is the eighth president to be a smoker. <P1-S5>  Aquino is the first graduate of Ateneo de Manila University to become president. <P1-S6>  Aquino is the third president who will only hold office in Malacañan Palace, but not be a resident, following Corazon Aquino and Fidel V. Ramos. <P1-S7>  Aquino is the first president to make "Bahay Pangarap" his official residence. <P1-S8>  Aquino is the third president to use his second given name, "Simeon", as his middle initial, as Manuel L. Quezon and José P. Laurel did. <P1-S9>  Aquino is the second president to be a child of a former president, his mother was former President Corazon Aquino; the first president to be a child of a former president was President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, who is the daughter of former President Diosdado Macapagal. <SEP> <P2-S0> Lazika (Georgian: ლაზიკა ) is a proposed planned city in Georgia, on the country’s Black Sea littoral, named after the ancient kingdom of Lazica. <P2-S1>  The project was largely abandoned after the change of government in Georgia in 2012. <P2-S2>  Proposed in 2011 by the-then President of Georgia, Mikheil Saakashvili, it was to be built south to Anaklia—a sea resort immediately south to breakaway Abkhazia—and north to Kulevi, a port north to Poti, Georgia's key Black Sea port city. <SEP> <P3-S0>  He was the third President of Georgia for two consecutive terms from 25 January 2004 to 17 November 2013. <P3-S1> Mikheil Saakashvili (Georgian: მიხეილ სააკაშვილი , ] ; Ukrainian: Міхеїл Саакашвілі ; born 21 December 1967) is a former Georgian and former Ukrainian politician. <P3-S2>  From May 2015 until November 2016 Saakashvili was the Governor of Ukraine's Odessa Oblast. <P3-S3>  He is the founder and former chairman of the United National Movement party.
Question: What former Roman fort in Manchester, England, had material taken from it to build a medieval bridge also in Manchester?

<P0-S0> Castleshaw Roman fort was a castellum in the Roman province of Britannia. <P0-S1>  Although there is no evidence to substantiate the claim, it has been suggested that Castleshaw Roman fort is the site of Rigodunum, a Brigantian settlement. <P0-S2>  The remains of the fort are located on Castle Hill on the eastern side of Castleshaw Valley at the foot of Standedge but overlooking the valley. <P0-S3>  The hill is on the edge of Castleshaw in Greater Manchester. <P0-S4>  The fort was constructed in c. AD 79, but fell out of use at some time during the 90s. <P0-S5>  It was replaced by a smaller fortlet, built in c. 105, around which a civilian settlement grew. <P0-S6>  It may have served as a logistical and administrative centre, although it was abandoned in the 120s. <SEP> <P1-S0> Mamucium, also known as Mancunium, is a former Roman fort in the Castlefield area of Manchester in North West England. <P1-S1>  The castra, which was founded c. AD 79 within the Roman province of Britannia, was garrisoned by a cohort of Roman Auxiliaries near two major Roman roads running through the area. <P1-S2>  Several sizeable civilian settlements (or "vicus") containing soldiers' families, merchants and industry developed outside the fort. <P1-S3>  The area is a protected Scheduled Ancient Monument. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Chantry Chapel of St Mary the Virgin, Wakefield, is a chantry chapel in Wakefield, West Yorkshire, England, and is designated a Grade I Listed building by English Heritage. <P2-S1>  It is located south of the city centre on the medieval bridge over the River Calder. <P2-S2>  It is the only survivor of four chantries in Wakefield and the oldest and most ornate of the surviving bridge chapels in England. <P2-S3>  Others are at St Ives, Cambridgeshire, Rotherham and Bradford-on-Avon. <P2-S4>  The chapel has had three west fronts, the original medieval façade having been removed to Kettlethorpe Hall in 1832. <P2-S5>  The medieval bridge is a scheduled ancient monument. <SEP> <P3-S0> Hanging Bridge is a medieval bridge spanning the Hanging Ditch, which connected the rivers Irk and Irwell in Manchester, England. <P3-S1>  The first reference to the bridge was in 1343, when it was called Hengand Brigge, but the present structure was built in 1421, replacing an earlier bridge. <P3-S2>  Material taken from Manchester's Roman fort may have been used in its construction. <P3-S3>  It has been speculated that the Hanging Ditch may be of Roman origin, part of a defensive circuit between the rivers Irk and Irwell.
Question: The three-member South Korean pop/ballad group Bohemian recorded many soundtracks for these films whose list and category came into existence officially in which year?

<P0-S0>  The group is composed of (Korean: 박상우 ), (Korean: 김용진 ), and Yoo Kyu Sang (Korean: 유규상 ). <P0-S1>  Bohemian debuted in 2010 with members Park Sang Woo and Yoo Kyu Sang. <P0-S2> Bohemian (Korean: 보헤미안 , Japanese: ボヘミアン; stylized as BOHEMIAN), is a three-member South Korean pop/ballad group, that along with group endeavors, has recorded many soundtracks, abbreviated as OSTs, for South Korean films and Korean drama or k-drama for television in South Korea, as individual artists. <P0-S3>  In 2012, they were joined by Kim Yong Jin. <P0-S4>  The group is managed by HMG Entertainment, with recordings released by their distribution company, LOEN Entertainment. <P0-S5>  Through a LOEN Entertainment agreement with Viki, a video streaming site, both Kim Yong Jin and Bohemian are listed as artists, and their music videos can be viewed. <SEP> <P1-S0> High4 (hangul: 하이포; stylized as HIGH4) is a three-member South Korean boy band under the management of N.A.P Entertainment. <P1-S1>  The group currently consists of members Alex, Myunghan, and Youngjun. <P1-S2>  They officially debuted into the Korean entertainment industry on April 8, 2014 with the song "Not Spring, Love, or Cherry Blossoms" featuring IU. <P1-S3>  On January 31, 2017, it was announced that leader Sunggu would be leaving the group. <SEP> <P2-S0> Cleo () was a three-member South Korean girl group, formed in 1999. <P2-S1>  They were one of the original Korean idol girl groups and were active at the same time as Fin.K.L and S.E.S. Their debut song "Good Time", from their first studio album, was very successful. <P2-S2>  The group's second album, released in 2000, was also successful and included the songs "Ready For Love", "Always in My Heart", and "Mosun" (모순 ; lit. <P2-S3>  "Contradiction"). <P2-S4>  Cleo's third album, which included the song "Triple", was released in 2011. <P2-S5>  Their fourth album was released in 2003, included the tracks "Donghwa" (동화 ; lit. <P2-S6>  "Fairy Tale") and "S.P.Y". <P2-S7>  Their fifth album, "Rising Again", was released in 2004 and included the song "In and Out". <P2-S8>  The group disbanded in 2005. <SEP> <P3-S0>  The lists of Korean films are divided by period for political reasons. <P3-S1> This is a list of films by year produced in the country of South Korea which came into existence officially in September 1948. <P3-S2>  For earlier films of united Korea see List of Korean films of 1919–1948. <P3-S3>  For the films of North Korea (September 1948 to present) see List of North Korean films. <P3-S4>  For an A-Z list of films see .
Question: Which historical event is known as the Revolution of 1688 and caused the noble in Scotland to lose control over the Church of Scotland parish churches?

<P0-S0>  Its purpose was to allow the noble and other Patrons in Scotland to gain control over the Church of Scotland parish churches again, having lost that custom in the so-called Glorious Revolution. <P0-S1> The Church Patronage (Scotland) Act 1711 or Patronage Act is an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain (10 Ann. <P0-S2>  C A P. XII). <P0-S3>  The long title of the act is "An Act to restore the Patrons to their ancient Rights of presenting Ministers to the Churches vacant in that Part of Great Britain called Scotland." <SEP> <P1-S0> Hamilton Old Parish Church is a Church of Scotland parish church serving part of the Burgh of Hamilton in South Lanarkshire, Scotland. <P1-S1>  It is notable for its Georgian architecture. <P1-S2>  It was built in 1734, replacing the parish's 15th-century Collegiate Church, which was located at another site, close to the mausoleum in Strathclyde Park. <SEP> <P2-S0>  William's successful invasion of England with a Dutch fleet and army led to his ascension to the throne as William III of England jointly with his wife, Mary II, James's daughter, after the Declaration of Right, leading to the Bill of Rights 1689. <P2-S1> The Glorious Revolution, also called the Revolution of 1688, was the overthrow of King James II of England (James VII of Scotland) by a union of English Parliamentarians with the Dutch stadtholder William III, Prince of Orange. <SEP> <P3-S0> Widerøe Flight 933, also known as the Mehamn Accident (Norwegian: "Mehamn-ulykken" ), was the crash of a de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter operated by Norwegian airline Widerøe. <P3-S1>  The Twin Otter crashed into the Barents Sea off Gamvik, Norway on 11 March 1982 at 13:27, killing all fifteen people on board. <P3-S2>  The results of the four official investigations were that the accident was caused by structural failure of the vertical stabilizer during clear-air turbulence. <P3-S3>  A mechanical fault in the elevator control system caused the pilots to lose control of the aircraft's up-and-down movement (called pitch); and either a series of stalls or a high-speed gust of wind caused the aircraft to lose altitude without the ability of the crew to counteract, resulting in the failure of the vertical stabilizer.
Question: which English alternative rock band  is Sheila Chipperfield known as the bassist for its  band

<P0-S0> Sheila Chipperfield (born 17 June 1975) is an English musician, known as the bassist for the band Elastica between 1996-1998. <SEP> <P1-S0> Muse are an English alternative rock band from Teignmouth, Devon. <P1-S1>  Originally formed in 1994, the band features vocalist, guitarist and keyboardist Matt Bellamy, bassist and backing vocalist Chris Wolstenholme, and drummer Dominic Howard. <P1-S2>  The band released their debut full-length studio album "Showbiz" in 1999, songwriting for which was credited entirely to Bellamy. " <P1-S3> Origin of Symmetry" followed in 2001, which once again credited Bellamy for songwriting, but also featured the band's first cover version recording in the form of "Feeling Good". <SEP> <P2-S0> Elastica were an English alternative rock band that played punk rock, post-punk and new wave-influenced music. <P2-S1>  They formed in 1992, and are best known for their 1995 album "Elastica", which produced singles that charted in the United Kingdom and the United States. <P2-S2>  They split amicably in 2001 roughly a year after releasing their second LP. <SEP> <P3-S0> Marty Willson-Piper is an English guitarist and singer best known as a long-time member of the Australian psychedelic rock band The Church. <P3-S1>  While he was not a founding member of the band, he joined in 1980 after seeing an early gig where they were performing as a three-piece. <P3-S2>  He was an integral member of the band for over 30 years. <P3-S3>  He was also the guitarist for the English alternative rock band All About Eve from 1991 to 1993 and again from 1999 to 2002. <P3-S4>  He is currently working with Swedish progressive rock band Anekdoten.
Question: The Wheeltappers and Shunters Social Club's compere was usually this British comedian who was born in what year?

<P0-S0> The New Era Social Club was an informal society whose members were primarily British Columbian artists, which was formed in the late 1960s and which dissolved in the mid-1970s. <P0-S1>  The New Era Social Club was not part of any particular art movement. <P0-S2>  Rather than producing works directly associated with the club, the general intent was to broaden the public's perception of BC artists and the type of works that they produced. <SEP> <P1-S0> Stephen Kehinde Amos (born 1967) is an English stand-up comedian and television personality. <P1-S1>  A regular on the international comedy circuit, he is known for including his audience members during his shows. <P1-S2>  He began his career as a compere at the Big Fish comedy clubs in South London, and has been nominated for Chortle's Best Compere Award three times in 2004, 2007 and 2008. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Wheeltappers and Shunters Social Club was a British television variety show produced by Granada Television from 1974 to 1977. <P2-S1>  The show's compere was usually Bernard Manning, who as well as telling jokes and introducing acts often finished the show with a song. <P2-S2>  It was set in a fictional working men's club in the North of England and was hosted by comedian Colin Crompton as the club's Chairman. <P2-S3>  Crompton was frequently the butt of his jokes, acting as Manning's stooge. <SEP> <P3-S0> Bernard John Manning (13 August 1930 – 18 June 2007) was a British comedian and nightclub owner.
Question: The Ferrari 458 replaced what sports car that was produced by Ferrari from 2004 to 2009?

<P0-S0>  The 458 replaced the Ferrari F430, and was first officially unveiled at the 2009 Frankfurt Motor Show. <P0-S1> The Ferrari 458 Italia is a mid-engined sports car produced by the Italian sports car manufacturer Ferrari. <P0-S2>  It is replaced by the Ferrari 488, which was unveiled at the Geneva Motor Show 2015. <SEP> <P1-S0> The Ferrari 166 S was an evolution of Ferrari's 125 S sports race car that became a sports car for the street in the form of the 166 Inter. <P1-S1>  Only 39 Ferrari 166 S were produced, soon followed by the production of the 166 Mille Miglia (MM) which was made in much larger numbers from 1949 to 1952. <P1-S2>  The 166 MM were in fact updated 166 S and were the cars to score many of Ferrari’s early international victories and made Ferrari a serious competitor in the racing industry. <P1-S3>  It shared its Aurelio Lampredi-designed tube frame and double wishbone/live axle suspension with the 125. <P1-S4>  Like the 125, the wheelbase was 2420 mm long. <P1-S5>  39 examples were produced from its introduction at the Turin Motor Show in 1948 to its retirement in 1950. <P1-S6>  It was replaced by the 2.3 L 195 S in 1950. <P1-S7>  The first 166 Inter was designed by Touring's chief stylist, Carlo Anderloni. <P1-S8>  166 S competition models were generally coachbuilt by Carrozzeria Allemano. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Ferrari 488 ("Tipo F142M") is a mid-engined sports car produced by the Italian sports car manufacturer Ferrari, introduced in 2015 to replace the previous 458. <SEP> <P3-S0> The Ferrari F430 is a sports car that was produced by the Italian car manufacturer Ferrari from 2004 to 2009. <P3-S1>  A successor to the Ferrari 360, it debuted at the 2004 Paris Motor Show. <P3-S2>  Its successor, the Ferrari 458, was unveiled on 28 July 2009.