winkelee/scaling-down huggingface dataset:
Question: When was the  Anglo-Irish physician, naturalist and collector died who's niece recovered from spinal deformity due to Sarah "Crazy Sally" Mapp? 

<P0-S0> Dianne Odell (February 13, 1947 – May 28, 2008) was a Tennessee woman who spent most of her life in an iron lung. <P0-S1>  She contracted "bulbo-spinal" polio at age 3 in 1950 and was confined to an iron lung for the rest of her life. <P0-S2>  Due to a spinal deformity caused by the polio, she was unable to change to a portable breathing device introduced in the late 1950s. <P0-S3>  Odell's condition was not as severe in youth and she could spend short periods outside the machine until her 20s, from then on she needed to be in it 24 hours a day. <P0-S4>  Caregivers could still slide Odell's bedding out of her iron lung for basic nursing care but only briefly. <SEP> <P1-S0>  Bone-setting was a medical practice used to manipulate and fix musculoskeletal injuries using manual force. <P1-S1>  Mapp grew up in Wiltshire, England, and learned about the practice from her father, who was also a bone-setter. <P1-S2>  She frequently fixed horse racing injuries, but her most famous case was fixing the spinal deformity of Sir Hans Sloane's niece. <P1-S3> Sarah "Crazy Sally" Mapp (died 1737) was an English lay bonesetter, who gained fame both by performing impressive bone-setting acts in Epsom and London, and by being a woman in a male-dominated profession. <SEP> <P2-S0> Sir Hans Sloane, 1st Baronet, PRS (16 April 1660 – 11 January 1753) was an Anglo-Irish physician, naturalist and collector noted for bequeathing his collection to the British nation, thus providing the foundation of the British Museum. <SEP> <P3-S0> Scoliosis Research Society (SRS) is a non-profit, professional, international organization, made up of physicians and allied health personnel, whose purpose is to "care for those with spinal deformity throughout life by patient care, education, research and patient advocacy." <P3-S1>  Founded in 1966 with 35 members, the SRS has grown to include almost 1100 spinal deformity surgeons in 41 countries, with a primary focus on providing continuing medical education for health care professionals and on funding/supporting research in spinal deformities. <P3-S2>  Among its founding members were Dr Paul Randall Harrington, inventor of the Harrington Rod treatment for scoliosis, and Dr. David B. Levine, spine surgeon at Hospital for Special Surgery. <P3-S3>  Harrington later served as President from 1972 to 1973, and Levine was President of the Society from 1978 to 1979. <P3-S4>  Current membership primarily includes spinal deformity surgeons, as well as some researchers, physician assistants, and orthotists who are involved in research and treatment of spinal deformities. <P3-S5>  Strict membership criteria ensure that the individual SRS Fellows are dedicated to the highest standards of care for adult and pediatric spinal deformities, utilizing both non-operative and operative techniques.
Question: What is the name of the former American professional baseball player born in 1962, who was a client of Greater Talent Network?

<P0-S0> Frank Joseph Torre (December 30, 1931 – September 13, 2014) was an American professional baseball player. <P0-S1>  He played in Major League Baseball as a first baseman. <P0-S2>  Torre, who batted and threw left-handed, played for the Milwaukee Braves (1956–60) and Philadelphia Phillies (1962–63). <P0-S3>  He was the older brother of Baseball Hall of Fame member Joe Torre, himself a former Major League Baseball player and longtime manager. <SEP> <P1-S0> William Lamar Beane III (born March 29, 1962) is a former American professional baseball player and current front office executive. <P1-S1>  He is the Executive Vice President of Baseball Operations and minority owner of the Oakland Athletics of Major League Baseball (MLB). <P1-S2>  Prior to his front office career, he played in MLB as an outfielder between 1984 and 1989 for the New York Mets, Minnesota Twins, Detroit Tigers, and Oakland Athletics. <P1-S3>  He joined the Athletics front office as a scout in 1990. <P1-S4>  He was named general manager after the 1997 season, and promoted to executive vice president after the 2015 season. <SEP> <P2-S0> Winfield Scott "Kid" Camp (December 8, 1869 – March 2, 1895) was an American professional baseball player born in New Albany, Ohio who played two season in Major League Baseball as a pitcher. <P2-S1>  He appeared in four games for the 1892 Pittsburgh Pirates and in three games for the 1894 Chicago Colts. <P2-S2>  He was the brother of infielder Lew Camp, who was his team mate in 1894. <SEP> <P3-S0> Greater Talent Network Speakers Bureau (GTN) is an American speakers bureau based in New York. <P3-S1>  GTN is known for its roster of prominent clients, including authors Michael Lewis, P.J. O'Rourke and Jeffrey Toobin; actors Laura Linney and Danny Glover; musicians Paula Abdul and Kenny "Babyface" Edmonds; Navy SEALs Marcus Luttrell and Kevin Lacz; athletes Alex Rodriguez and Eli Manning; sports executives Billy Beane and Bob Myers; national security experts Raymond Kelly, Valerie Plame Wilson, and General Wesley Clark; and finance/technology disruptors Dan Schulman, and Danielle Weisberg and Carly Zakin, founders of theSkimm.
Question: Who has been nominated for more Academy Awards, Stephen Gurewitz or Frank Darabont?

<P0-S0> The Mist (also known as Stephen King's The Mist) is a 2007 American science-fiction horror film based on the 1980 novella "The Mist" by Stephen King. <P0-S1>  The film was written and directed by Frank Darabont. <P0-S2>  Darabont had been interested in adapting "The Mist" for the big screen since the 1980s. <P0-S3>  The film features an ensemble cast including Thomas Jane, Marcia Gay Harden, Samuel Witwer, Toby Jones, and future "The Walking Dead" actors Jeffrey DeMunn, Juan Gabriel Pareja, Laurie Holden, and Melissa McBride. <SEP> <P1-S0>  In his early career he was primarily a screenwriter for horror films such as "", "The Blob" and "The Fly II". <P1-S1>  As a director he is known for his film adaptations of Stephen King novellas and novels such as "The Shawshank Redemption", "The Green Mile", and "The Mist". <P1-S2> Frank Árpád Darabont (born Darabont Ferenc Árpád; January 28, 1959) is a French-Hungarian-American film director, screenwriter and producer who has been nominated for three Academy Awards and a Golden Globe Award. <SEP> <P2-S0> The first season of "The Walking Dead", an American post-apocalyptic horror television series on AMC, premiered on October 31, 2010, and concluded on December 5, 2010, consisting of 6 episodes. <P2-S1>  Developed for television by Frank Darabont, who wrote or co-wrote four of the season's six episodes and directed the pilot episode, "Days Gone Bye", the series is based on the eponymous series of comic books by Robert Kirkman, Tony Moore, and Charlie Adlard. <P2-S2>  It was executive produced by Darabont, Kirkman, David Alpert, Charles H. Eglee, and Gale Anne Hurd, with Darabont assuming the role of showrunner. <SEP> <P3-S0>  He is best known as part of the 2010s American indie cinema movement with his breakthrough work "Marvin Seth and Stanley" also starring "Girls" co-star Alex Karpovsky. <P3-S1>  In his review for "The New York Times", critic Neil Genzlinger concluded "we never do get to know Marvin or Stanley very well." <P3-S2> Stephen Gurewitz is an American film director, actor, and film editor. <P3-S3>  In his review for "The New Yorker", critic Richard Brody deemed the picture "not to be missed" and said of Gurewitz's performance that it "brings the torment of quiet desperation and the pride of frustration to life with great humanity."
Question: In what city did the director of the film The River meet Satyajit Ray in 1949?

<P0-S0> The River (French: Le Fleuve) is a 1951 film directed by Jean Renoir. <P0-S1>  It was filmed in India. <SEP> <P1-S0>  Ray was born in Calcutta (now Kolkata) to a Bengali family and started his career as a junior visualiser. <P1-S1>  His meeting with French film director Jean Renoir, who had come to Calcutta in 1949 to shoot his film "The River" (1951), and his 1950 visit to London, where he saw Vittorio De Sica's "Ladri di biciclette" ("Bicycle Thieves") (1948), inspired Ray to become a film-maker. <P1-S2>  Ray made his directorial debut in 1955 with "Pather Panchali" and directed 36 films, comprising 29 feature films, five documentaries, and two short films. <P1-S3> Satyajit Ray (   ; 2 May 1921 – 23 April 1992) was an Indian filmmaker who worked prominently in Bengali cinema and who has often been regarded as one of the great directors of world cinema. <SEP> <P2-S0> Rabindranath Tagore is a 1961 black-and-white short film directed by an Indian director Satyajit Ray on the life and works of noted Bengali author Rabindranath Tagore. <P2-S1>  Ray started working on the documentary in the beginning of 1958 and it was released during the birth centenary year of Rabindranath Tagore, who was born on 7 May 1861. <P2-S2>  Ray avoided the controversial aspects of Tagore's life in order to make it as an official portrait of the poet. <P2-S3>  Though Tagore was known as a poet, Ray did not use any of Tagore's poetry as he was not happy with the English translation and believed that "it would not make the right impression if recited" and people would not consider Tagore "a very great poet", based on those translations. <P2-S4>  Satyajit Ray has been reported to have said about the documentary "Rabindranath Tagore" in his biography "Satyajit Ray: The Inner Eye" by W. Andrew Robinson that, "Ten or twelve minutes of it are among the most moving and powerful things that I have produced". <SEP> <P3-S0> Satyajit Ray Metro Station is a station of the Kolkata Metro in Garia, a southern neighbourhood of Kolkata, India. <P3-S1>  The station is named in honour of the great Bengali filmmaker Satyajit Ray. <P3-S2>  The elevated structure is located above the Eastern Metropolitan Bypass. <P3-S3>  The station is just in front of the Satyajit Ray Film & Television Institute, on the eastern side and the Garia Apex Hospital on the western side.
Question: What category of film are Prophet's Prey, the 2015 American production, and Italy in a Day, which appeared at the Venice International film festival?

<P0-S0> Leonardo Corbucci is an award-winning film director from Italy who is now located in Los Angeles US and member of the DGA (Directors Guild of America). <P0-S1>  He has won many prizes from the prestigious "Rising Star" at the Canadian International Film Festival to the "Silver Ace" at the Las Vegas International Film festival, "Best Romance" at the Best of Best Film Fest, "Best Experimental Film" at the Idie Gathering, "Best Drama" at the International Family Film Festival, "Best screenplay" at the Sunset Film Festival, "Honorable Mention" at the Queen World Film Festival, "Titoli Price" at the Murgia Film Festival, "Best Short film" at the Burbank Film Festival. <P0-S2>  His films have been official selections at the Venice Film Festival, Beverly Hills Film Festival, Santa Barbara Film Festival, San Diego IndieFest, Phoenix Film Festival, Riverside Film Festival, Seattle True Independent Film Festival, Ventura Film Festival, Rome Film Festival, Riverband Film Festival and screened at that Cannes Film Festival. <SEP> <P1-S0>  The film is an adaptation of the 2011 book "Prophet's Prey: My Seven-Year Investigation into Warren Jeffs and the Fundamentalist Church of Latter-Day Saints". <P1-S1> Prophet's Prey is a 2015 American documentary film directed by Amy J. Berg. <P1-S2>  It was produced by Katherine LeBlond and Sam Brower, the author of the book, for Showtime and Imagine Entertainment. <P1-S3>  It premiered at the 2015 Sundance Film Festival and had its television premiere on October 10, 2015. <P1-S4>  The film's subject matter is Warren Jeffs, the president of the Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, who is now running his religion from the confines of the Texas state prison, where he is serving out a sentence of life plus twenty years for the rape of girls aged 12 and 13. <P1-S5>  The score is written by Nick Cave and Warren Ellis. <SEP> <P2-S0> Italy in a Day - Un giorno da italiani is a 2014 Italian-British documentary film directed by Gabriele Salvatores. <P2-S1>  It was part of the Out of Competition section at the 71st Venice International Film Festival. <SEP> <P3-S0> "Spotlight" is a 2015 American drama film directed by Tom McCarthy. <P3-S1>  The film, written by Josh Singer and McCarthy, follows "The Boston Globe"' s "Spotlight" team and its investigation of sexual abuse in Boston. <P3-S2>  It stars Mark Ruffalo, Michael Keaton, Rachel McAdams, John Slattery, Brian d'Arcy James and Liev Schreiber. <P3-S3>  The film was premiered at the 72nd Venice International Film Festival on September 3, 2015, where McCarthy won the Brian Award. <P3-S4>  It was also screened at the 2015 Toronto International Film Festival, where it was the second runner-up for the People's Choice Award. <P3-S5>  Open Road Films released it theatrically in the United States on November 6, 2015. <P3-S6>  The film was a commercial success, grossing $88.3 million worldwide on a budget of $20 million.
Question: Sports Challenge was a sports-centered game show hosted by a sportscaster born in which year ?

<P0-S0> Richard Alan Enberg (born January 9, 1935) is a retired American sportscaster. <P0-S1>  He provided play-by-play for various sports on numerous radio and television networks (including NBC, CBS, and ESPN), and for individual teams, over the course of an approximately 60-year career. <SEP> <P1-S0> Fanarchy is a weekly American sports debate show hosted by Zach Selwyn that airs on Versus. <P1-S1>  The show involves fans on webcams debating each other about current events in sports. <P1-S2>  The show's presentation is similar to ESPN's Around the Horn, except that the debaters are amateurs rather than sports journalists. <P1-S3>  Each week, seven fans debate each other, with the host eliminating two by the end of the show. <P1-S4>  The remaining five fans return the following week with two new fans chosen from entries on the show's website, which describes the process as "an experiment in sportsworld Social Darwinism." <P1-S5>  The show also involves a game show-like element, where two of the panelists compete in a topical trivia challenge, with the winner receiving immunity from elimination. <SEP> <P2-S0> It's Not What You Know (sometimes styled as Chris Tarrant's It's Not What You Know) is a game show hosted by Chris Tarrant, which aired on the British digital TV channel Challenge from 28 April to 6 June 2008. <P2-S1>  The show was unusual as Challenge tends to air repeats of classic game shows that were originally commissioned by other broadcasters, very rarely producing original content. <SEP> <P3-S0>  Dick Enberg was host. <P3-S1> Sports Challenge was a sports-centered game show that aired in weekly syndication from 1971 to 1979, with a separate version that aired briefly on CBS weekends from May 20 to September 9, 1973. <P3-S2>  Johnny Gilbert, Art James, and John Harlan announced.
Question: What is the birthdate of the co-assistant coach of the team Mikel Arteta plays for?

<P0-S0> The Baylor Bears tennis team represents Baylor University in NCAA Division I college tennis. <P0-S1>  The team belongs to the Big 12 Conference and plays home matches at the Mark Hurd Tennis Facility. <P0-S2>  The Bears are currently led by head coach Matt Knoll, and the Lady Bears are led by head coach Joey Scrivano. <P0-S3>  The 2010 season will mark Coach Knoll's 14th year at the helm of the program. <P0-S4>  Knoll's assistant coach is Christopher Brandi, a former player for the University of Florida. <P0-S5>  Scrivano's assistant coach is Alison Ojedo, a former player for the University of Tennessee. <SEP> <P1-S0> Enrico Blasi (born February 16, 1972) is the Head Coach of the Miami University men's hockey team, which plays in the NCHC. <P1-S1>  Blasi is a native of Weston, Ontario. <P1-S2>  He is an alumnus of Miami University and played for the hockey team from 1990–94, playing on Miami's CCHA championship team in 1992–93 and captaining the 1993–94 team. <P1-S3>  Blasi is the first Miami hockey alumnus to return to his alma mater as the head coach. <P1-S4>  He came to Miami after working four years—three as an assistant and one as a graduate assistant—under his coach at Miami, George Gwozdecky at the University of Denver. <SEP> <P2-S0>  He is currently the co-assistant coach of Manchester City, alongside fellow co-assistant Brian Kidd, Domènec Torrent and manager Pep Guardiola. <P2-S1> Mikel Arteta Amatriain (born 26 March 1982) is a retired Spanish professional footballer who played as a midfielder. <SEP> <P3-S0> Brian Kidd (born 29 May 1949) is an English football coach and former player, who is currently the co-assistant coach of Manchester City, alongside fellow co-assistants Mikel Arteta and Domènec Torrent, and manager Pep Guardiola.
Question: Them Firewater Boyz Vol. 1 featured Chad Butler who was a founding member of which group?

<P0-S0> Born in Durham North Carolina Banner's family moved to Jackson, Mississippi where he was raised. <P0-S1>  Banner graduated from Southern University and pursued a masters of education at the University of Maryland Eastern Shore. <P0-S2>  He started his music career as a member of the rap duo, Crooked Lettaz, before going solo in 2000 with the release titled "Them Firewater Boyz, Vol. <P0-S3>  1". <SEP> <P1-S0>  He was best known for his work with Bun B as a founding member of the Underground Kingz (UGK). <P1-S1> Chad Lamont Butler (December 29, 1973 – December 4, 2007), better known by his stage name Pimp C, was an American rapper and recording artist. <SEP> <P2-S0> Them Firewater Boyz Vol. <P2-S1>  1 is the debut studio album by American rapper and a record producer David Banner. <P2-S2>  It was released independently on August 15, 2000, by Big Face Entertainment. <P2-S3>  The album features guest appearances from fellow American rappers such as Pimp C, Fiend, Devin the Dude, Kamikaze (of the Crooked Lettaz), Bone Crusher, Polow (now Polow da Don), Young Bleed and Noreaga, among others. <SEP> <P3-S0> The Butler Bulldogs are the athletic teams that represent Butler University, located in Indianapolis. <P3-S1>  The Bulldogs participate in 19 NCAA Division I intercollegiate sports. <P3-S2>  After leaving the Horizon League following the 2011–12 season, nearly all teams competed in the Atlantic 10 Conference. <P3-S3>  The football team is a founding member of the non-scholarship Football Championship Subdivision (FCS)-level Pioneer League. <P3-S4>  On March 20, 2013, the Butler administration announced that the school would join the Big East, and moved to the new league July 1, 2013.
Question: On which long U-shaped line of the Washington Metro transit system is Grosvenor-Strathmore station?

<P0-S0> The Red Line of the Washington Metro rail rapid transit system serves 27 stations in Montgomery County, Maryland and the District of Columbia in the United States. <P0-S1>  It is a primary line through downtown Washington and the oldest and busiest line in the system. <P0-S2>  It forms a long, narrow "U", capped by its terminal stations at Shady Grove and Glenmont. <SEP> <P1-S0> The Washington Metro (commonly called Metro, and branded Metrorail) is a rapid transit system serving Washington, D.C. and neighboring communities in Maryland and Virginia, both inside and outside the Capital Beltway. <P1-S1>  With an average weekday ridership of 748,000, the Washington Metro is the third-busiest rapid transit system in the United States, behind the Chicago "L" and the New York City Subway. <P1-S2>  s of 2015 , the system has 91 active stations spread out on six lines with 117 mi of tracks. <P1-S3>  An infill station at Potomac Yard is planned to open in 2020 on the Yellow and Blue lines, and six more stations are planned in 2020 as part of the Phase II of the Silver Line. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Washington Metro, known colloquially as Metro and branded Metrorail, is the heavy rail rapid transit system serving the Washington metropolitan area in the United States. <P2-S1>  It is administered by the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA), which also operates Metrobus service under the Metro name. <P2-S2>  Besides the District of Columbia, Metro serves several jurisdictions in the states of Maryland and Virginia. <P2-S3>  In Maryland, Metro provides service to Montgomery and Prince George's counties; in Virginia, to Arlington and Fairfax counties and the independent city of Alexandria. <P2-S4>  Combined with its ridership in the independent Virginia cities of Falls Church and Fairfax, the Metro service area is largely coextensive with the inner ring of the Washington metropolitan area. <P2-S5>  The system is currently being expanded to reach Dulles International Airport and Loudoun County, Virginia. <P2-S6>  It operates mostly as a subway in the District itself, while most of the suburban tracks are at surface level or elevated. <SEP> <P3-S0>  The first above-ground station on the Red Line heading northwest from Washington, D.C., it is one of a number of stations on the Rockville Pike corridor in Montgomery County. <P3-S1> Grosvenor–Strathmore (formerly Grosvenor, pronounced /ˈɡroʊvnər/) is a rapid transit station on the Red Line of the Washington Metro in North Bethesda, Maryland.
Question: The mayor whose tenure marked the end of the 1900-1942 era in the history of Albany, New York was what political party?

<P0-S0> Francis E. Rodgers (November 15, 1909 – February 8, 2000) was an American Democratic Party politician who was among the longest-serving Mayors in U.S. history, first elected in 1946 as Mayor of Harrison, New Jersey. <P0-S1>  He served in the position for 48 years from 1946 to 1995, having been elected to 24 consecutive two-year terms in office. <P0-S2>  On May 30, 1987, Rodgers earned a place in the "Guinness Book of World Records" when he surpassed by a single day Mayor Erastus Corning II of Albany, New York, who died in office in 1983 after having served 40 years, 4 months and 28 days in office. <P0-S3>  The town marked the occasion by closing municipal offices in the mayor's honor and by letting students in the Harrison Public Schools have a day off. <P0-S4>  However, Mayor Hilmar Moore of Richmond, Texas, served a much longer span of 63 years in office until he died in 2012. <SEP> <P1-S0> The history of Albany, New York from 1900 to 1942 begins at the start of the 20th century and ends with the beginning of the tenure of Erastus Corning 2nd as mayor in 1942. <SEP> <P2-S0>  A Democrat, Corning served as mayor of Albany, New York, from 1942 to 1983, when Albany County was controlled by one of the last two classic urban political machines in the United States. <P2-S1> Erastus Corning 2nd (October 7, 1909 – May 28, 1983) was an American politician. <P2-S2>  He died in office in 1983 as Albany's longest-serving mayor to date. <SEP> <P3-S0> The Alliance for Democracy is a political party in Malawi that marked its history as laying the foundation for multi-party rule in Malawi. <P3-S1>  It began as an underground political movement during the Kamuzu Banda era and later evolved to a political party during the multi-party era under the leadership of trade union activist, Chakufwa Chihana. <P3-S2>  AFORD has a stronghold in the northern region. <P3-S3>  The president is Godfrey Shawa.
Question: Thomas "Tom" John Ypsilantis was known for the co-discovery of the antiproton along with an Italian physicist who was awarded what in 1959?

<P0-S0> Seven Brief Lessons on Physics (Italian: "" ) is a short book by the Italian physicist Carlo Rovelli. <P0-S1>  Originally published in Italian in 2014, the book has been translated into 41 languages. <P0-S2>  It is an Italian bestseller, with more than 300,000 copies sold in Rovelli's home country. <SEP> <P1-S0> Michele Parrinello (born 7 September 1945, Messina) is an Italian physicist particularly known for his work in molecular dynamics (the computer simulation of physical movements of atoms and molecules). <P1-S1>  Parrinello and Roberto Car were awarded the Dirac Medal and the Sidney Fernbach Award in 2009 for their continuing development of the Car-Parrinello method, first proposed in their seminal 1985 paper, "Unified Approach for Molecular Dynamics and Density-Functional Theory". <SEP> <P2-S0> Emilio Gino Segrè (1 February 1905 – 22 April 1989) was an Italian physicist and Nobel laureate who discovered the elements technetium and astatine, and the antiproton, a sub-atomic antiparticle, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1959. <SEP> <P3-S0>  Ypsilantis was known for the co-discovery of the antiproton in 1955, along with Owen Chamberlain, Emilio Segrè, and Clyde Wiegand. <P3-S1> Thomas "Tom" John Ypsilantis (Greek: Θωμάς Ιωάννη Υψηλάντης ; June 24, 1928 in Salt Lake City, Utah – August 16, 2000 in Geneva, Switzerland) was an American physicist of Greek descent. <P3-S2>  Following this work, he moved to CERN to develop Cherenkov radiation detectors for use in particle physics.
Question: Which owner of Chartwell led Britain to victory during World War II?

<P0-S0> Arthur Neville Chamberlain, ( ; 18 March 1869 – 9 November 1940) was a British Conservative politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from May 1937 to May 1940. <P0-S1>  Chamberlain is best known for his appeasement foreign policy, and in particular for his signing of the Munich Agreement in 1938, conceding the German-speaking Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia to Germany. <P0-S2>  However, when Adolf Hitler later invaded Poland, the UK declared war on Germany on 3 September 1939, and Chamberlain led Britain through the first eight months of World War II. <SEP> <P1-S0> Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (30 November 187424 January 1965) was a British statesman, army officer, and writer. <P1-S1>  He served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955. <P1-S2>  As a Member of Parliament (MP), he represented five constituencies over the course of his career. <P1-S3>  As Prime Minister, Churchill led Britain to victory during World War II. <P1-S4>  He led the Conservative Party for fifteen years from 1940 to 1955. <SEP> <P2-S0> SS "Red Oak Victory" is a U.S. military Victory ship of the "Boulder Victory"-class cargo ship used in the Second World War. <P2-S1>  She was preserved to serve as a museum ship in Richmond, California, and is part of the Rosie the Riveter/World War II Home Front National Historical Park. <P2-S2>  She was one of 534 Victories built during World War II, but one of only a few of these ships to be transferred from the Merchant Marine to the United States Navy. <P2-S3>  She was named after Red Oak, Iowa, which suffered a disproportionate number of casualties in early World War II battles. <P2-S4>  (Montgomery County ranked third among Iowa counties in World War II casualties per capita). <P2-S5>  The ship was active during World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War. <SEP> <P3-S0> Chartwell is a country house near the town of Westerham, Kent in South East England. <P3-S1>  He bought the property in September 1922 and lived there until shortly before his death in January 1965. <P3-S2>  In the 1930s, when Churchill was excluded from political office, Chartwell became the centre of his world. <P3-S3>  At his dining table, he gathered those who could assist his campaign against German re-armament and the British government's response of appeasement; in his study, he composed speeches and wrote books; in his garden, he built walls, constructed lakes and painted. <P3-S4>  During the Second World War Chartwell was largely unused, the Churchills returning after he lost the 1945 election. <P3-S5>  In 1953, when again Prime Minister, the house became Churchill's refuge when he suffered a devastating stroke. <P3-S6>  For over forty years it was the home of Winston Churchill. <P3-S7>  In October 1964, he left for the last time, dying at his London home, 28, Hyde Park Gate, on 24 January 1965.
Question: Ian Brett Culverhouse was sacked following suspension from his duties as Assistant Manager of a professional football club founded in what year?

<P0-S0> Rainer Widmayer is a former German footballer and manager. <P0-S1>  During his active career, he played mostly in the lower divisions, except his final season, during which he played in the 2. <P0-S2>  Bundesliga for SSV Ulm. <P0-S3>  As manager, he has been assistant manager of Swiss clubs FC St. Gallen and Grasshopper Club Zürich. <P0-S4>  In Germany, he assistant managed Hertha BSC and the reserves and professional squad of VfB Stuttgart. <P0-S5>  After Markus Babbel was sacked as manager of Hertha BSC, Widmayer was appointed caretaker of the Berlin club. <P0-S6>  Several days later, having completed his duties of caretaker, Widmayer left Hertha altogether. <SEP> <P1-S0> Aston Villa Football Club ( ; nicknamed Villa, The Villa, The Villans and The Lions) is a professional football club in Aston, Birmingham, that plays in the Championship, the second level of English football. <P1-S1>  Founded in 1874, they have played at their current home ground, Villa Park, since 1897. <P1-S2>  Aston Villa were one of the founder members of the Football League in 1888 and of the Premier League in 1992. <SEP> <P2-S0> Ian Brett Culverhouse (born 22 September 1964 in Bishop's Stortford, Hertfordshire), is an English former professional footballer and current first-team manager at Kings Lynn Town. <P2-S1>  He was a defender who played in the position of right-back. <P2-S2>  In May 2014 he was sacked following suspension from his duties as Assistant Manager of Aston Villa. <SEP> <P3-S0> Andrew Hessenthaler (born 17 August 1965 in Dartford, Kent) is an English football manager and former player. <P3-S1>  He began his career in non-league football and did not turn professional until he joined Watford at the age of 26. <P3-S2>  In 1996, Hessenthaler joined Gillingham and spent the next ten years at the club as player and later player-manager, managing the club to its highest ever finish in the English football league system and becoming regarded as a legend of the Kent club. <P3-S3>  After leaving Gillingham, he had a short spell at Barnet before joining Dover Athletic in 2007. <P3-S4>  In his two seasons in charge he led the club to successive championships, of Isthmian League Division One South and the Isthmian League Premier Division. <P3-S5>  After three years at Dover, he became manager at Gillingham for the second time, but his contract was terminated at the end of the 2011–12 season. <P3-S6>  He returned to the club as assistant manager in 2014, before taking on a similar role at Leyton Orient the following year. <P3-S7>  In 2016, he was appointed manager of the club, but was sacked later the same year.
Question: When was the American businessman, magazine publisher and playboy died  based on who's name Youssef Gergi Abed was named to 'The Hugh Hefner of the Middle East'?

<P0-S0>  He was the editor-in-chief of "Playboy" magazine, which he founded in 1953. <P0-S1>  He was also the chief creative officer of Playboy Enterprises, which is the publishing group that operates the magazine. <P0-S2> Hugh Marston Hefner (April 9, 1926 – September 27, 2017) was an American businessman, magazine publisher and playboy. <P0-S3>  An advocate of sexual liberation and freedom of expression, Hefner was a political activist and philanthropist in several other causes and public issues. <SEP> <P1-S0> Crystal Hefner (née Harris; born April 29, 1986) is an American model, DJ, and television personality. <P1-S1>  She was the "Playboy" Playmate of the Month for December 2009, and is the widow of "Playboy" publisher Hugh Hefner, having been married to him from December 31, 2012 until his death on September 27, 2017. <SEP> <P2-S0> Playboy Enterprises, Inc. is an American privately held global media and lifestyle company headquartered in Beverly Hills, California. <P2-S1>  It was founded by Hugh Hefner to initially manage the "Playboy" magazine empire. <P2-S2>  The company is structured with two primary business segments: Media (which manages content for print, digital, social, mobile, TV and radio platforms) and Licensing (which licenses the Playboy name, Rabbit Head design and other trademarks, logos and images for use in connection with consumer goods, venues and events). <P2-S3>  Today, Playboy Enterprises, Inc., together with its subsidiaries, engages in the development and distribution of content, products and high-profile events that embody both “eroticism and fine art.” <P2-S4>  The Playboy rabbit logo is one of the most widely recognized and popular brands in the world. <SEP> <P3-S0>  He is considered the epitome of Lebanon's golden age. <P3-S1> Youssef Gergi Abed (1911 – December 2006), also known as Pépé Abed, was a Lebanese adventurer, explorer and entrepreneur. <P3-S2>  Nicknamed 'The Hugh Hefner of the Middle East', he was frequently linked with a series of beauty icons from around the world.
Question: Were both drinks, the Smoking Bishop and the Mickey Slim, popular in different countries?

<P0-S0>  It was especially popular in Victorian England at Christmas time and it appears in Dickens' story "A Christmas Carol". <P0-S1> Smoking Bishop is a type of mulled wine, punch or wassail. <SEP> <P1-S0> Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of death in the United States. <P1-S1>  Some effects of cigarette smoking has been linked to heart disease and lung cancer, and women who smoke while pregnant are more prone to preterm labor. <P1-S2>  With certain feminine packaging and slogans, slimmer and lighter cigarettes, and women smoking in movies and popular TV shows, the tobacco industry was able to increase the percent of women smoking. <P1-S3>  In the 1980s, tobacco industries were made to have the surgeon general's warning printed on each packaging of the tobacco products. <P1-S4>  This slowed the rate of women smoking but later slightly increased after the advertisements started to look more present day and more appealing packaging, that appealed to the younger generation. <P1-S5>  In more recent times, cigarette smoking has been banned from public places and will continue to help decrease smoking rates in the United States. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Feel Good Drinks Company is an independent soft drinks company based in the United Kingdom. <P2-S1>  It was founded by three executives from Coca Cola UK, and the products are now sold in over 20,000 outlets in 14 different countries, including in supermarkets and bars. <SEP> <P3-S0>  According to "The Dedalus Book of Absinthe" by Phil Baker, it was made by combining gin with a pinch of DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane), an insecticide that would later be banned in most countries; consumers of this concoction claimed that its effects were similar to absinthe. <P3-S1> The Mickey Slim was a drink that had short-lived popularity in the United States in the 1940s and 1950s.
Question: Frank Dean Lucas's congressional district stretches from the edge of Tulsa to what other state's border?

<P0-S0> Marcia Carolyn "Marcy" Kaptur ( ; born June 17, 1946) is the U.S. Representative for Ohio 's 9 congressional district , who has served since 1983. <P0-S1>  She is a member of the Democratic Party. <P0-S2>  The district stretches from Kaptur's hometown of Toledo to Cleveland. <P0-S3>  It includes all of Ottawa and Erie counties, and parts of Lucas, Lorain and Cuyahoga counties. <SEP> <P1-S0>  As with other salients in the United States, its name comes from the similarity of its shape to the handle of a cooking pan. <P1-S1> The Oklahoma Panhandle is the extreme northwestern region of the state of Oklahoma, consisting of Cimarron County, Texas County, and Beaver County, from west to east. <SEP> <P2-S0> Frank Dean Lucas (born January 6, 1960) is an American politician. <P2-S1>  Lucas is the U.S. Representative for Oklahoma 's 3 congressional district , serving since 2003, having previously represented the 6th district, from 1994 to 2003. <P2-S2>  He is a member of the Republican Party and chairs the House Committee on Agriculture. <P2-S3>  It covers 34,088.49 square miles and stretches from the Panhandle to the fringes of the Tulsa suburbs—almost half of the state's land mass. <P2-S4>  His district, numbered as the 6th district from 1994 to 2003, is the largest congressional district in the state and one of the largest in the nation that does not cover an entire state. <SEP> <P3-S0> Florida's 25th congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Florida. <P3-S1>  The district stretches from suburbs west of Miami west along the northern border of The Everglades along Alligator Alley to communities east of Naples and Marco Island.
Question: What is the name of John Eric Copeland's holding company?

<P0-S0>  His production company Creative Soul works with Christian and jazz artists both nationally and internationally, and is the parent company to Creative Soul Records, Creative Soul Jazz, and Masterscore Music, all based near Nashville, Tennessee. <P0-S1>  As an artist, he is noted for his unique arrangements and songwriting fusing gospel and jazz styles together. <P0-S2> John Eric Copeland (known professionally as Eric Copeland) is a Christian and jazz music producer, arranger, songwriter, author, and keyboardist. <SEP> <P1-S0> Post Present Medium (or PPM) is a record label started and run by Dean Allen Spunt, also from the band No Age. <P1-S1>  Since he started the label in 2001 with the release of a 7" by Portland/Olympia natives The Intima, PPM has released over 50 records. <P1-S2>  Some of those artists include Mika Miko, Abe Vigoda, Barr, Best Coast, No Age, Gun Outfit, Silk Flowers, John Wiese, Eric Copeland, Infinite Body, and SFV Acid. <SEP> <P2-S0> Eric Copeland is an experimental musician based in New York City. <P2-S1>  He is a core member of Black Dice and forms half of the duo Terrestrial Tones with Animal Collective's Avey Tare. <SEP> <P3-S0>  The term usually refers to a company that does not produce goods or services itself; rather, its purpose is to own shares of other companies to form a corporate group. <P3-S1> A holding company is a company that owns other companies' outstanding stock. <P3-S2>  Holding companies allow the reduction of risk for the owners and can allow the ownership and control of a number of different companies.
Question: "Hot Hot Hot!!!" is a song from an album released in which year ?

<P0-S0> Kiss Me Kiss Me Kiss Me is the seventh studio album by British alternative rock band The Cure, released in May 1987. <SEP> <P1-S0> Pat and Mick were a British vocal duo, consisting of popular radio personalities Pat Sharp and Mick Brown, both of whom are from London. <P1-S1>  They released a charity single, a cover version, each year from 1988 to 1993, achieving a top 10 hit with their 1989 single. <P1-S2>  The royalties from their record sales were donated to Capital FM's 'Help A London Child' charity. <P1-S3>  All their singles were produced by Stock Aitken & Waterman, except "Shake Your Groove Thing" and "Hot Hot Hot", both of which were produced by Stock & Waterman. <P1-S4>  With their last single released in 1993, they have no immediate plans to collaborate on future charity singles. <P1-S5>  In 1993, they released their only album "Don't Stop Dancin'", which compiled all their singles and b-sides on a continuous mix. <SEP> <P2-S0> "Hot Hot Hot!!!" <P2-S1>  is the name of a 1988 single by British rock band The Cure from their album "Kiss Me, Kiss Me, Kiss Me". <P2-S2>  The song reached number 45 in the UK whereas it was more successful in Ireland, where it reached number 18, and in Spain, entering the Top 10. <SEP> <P3-S0> Buster Poindexter is an eponymous album released by RCA Records in 1987 by Buster Poindexter, the alter ego of New York Dolls frontman David Johansen. <P3-S1>  Johansen re-recorded the track "Heart of Gold" as Buster Poindexter, which originally appeared on Johansen's 1981 solo album "Here Comes the Night." <P3-S2>  The song "Hot Hot Hot" was a Billboard single and received heavy play on MTV.
Question: Who created the series whose voice work Carol Ann Susi is most known for?

<P0-S0> Maximum entropy spectral estimation is a method of spectral density estimation. <P0-S1>  The goal is to improve the spectral quality based on the principle of maximum entropy. <P0-S2>  The method is based on choosing the spectrum which corresponds to the most random or the most unpredictable time series whose autocorrelation function agrees with the known values. <P0-S3>  This assumption, which corresponds to the concept of maximum entropy as used in both statistical mechanics and information theory, is maximally non-committal with regard to the unknown values of the autocorrelation function of the time series. <P0-S4>  It is simply the application of maximum entropy modeling to any type of spectrum and is used in all fields where data is presented in spectral form. <P0-S5>  The usefulness of the technique varies based on the source of the spectral data since it is dependent on the amount of assumed knowledge about the spectrum that can be applied to the model. <SEP> <P1-S0>  All three also serve as head writers. <P1-S1> The Big Bang Theory is an American television sitcom created by Chuck Lorre and Bill Prady, both of whom serve as executive producers on the series, along with Steven Molaro. <P1-S2>  The show premiered on CBS on September 24, 2007. <P1-S3>  The series' tenth season premiered on September 19, 2016. <P1-S4>  In March 2017, the series was renewed for two additional seasons, bringing its total to twelve, and running through the 2018–19 television season. <P1-S5>  The eleventh season premiered on September 25, 2017. <SEP> <P2-S0> Carol Ann Susi (February 2, 1952 – November 11, 2014) was an American actress. <P2-S1>  She was known for providing the voice of recurring unseen character Mrs. Wolowitz on the television series "The Big Bang Theory". <SEP> <P3-S0> The F1600 Championship Series was created by the SCCA in 2011. <P3-S1>  The series is organized by Formula Race Promotions, the same organisation which organizes the F2000 Championship Series, and sanctioned by the United States Auto Club. <P3-S2>  It is a series whose champion is eligible for the Road to Indy Shootout provided the driver is of an eligible age.
Question: Who was the wife of the explorer whose first land site in North America was Cape Bonavista Newfoundland?

<P0-S0>  To mark the celebration of the 500th anniversary of Cabot's expedition, both the Canadian and British governments elected Cape Bonavista, Newfoundland, as Cabot's first landing site. <P0-S1>  However, alternative locations have also been proposed. <P0-S2> John Cabot (Italian: "Giovanni Caboto" , Venetian: "Zuan Chabotto" ; c. 1450 – c. 1500) was a Venetian navigator and explorer whose 1497 discovery of the coast of North America under the commission of Henry VII of England was the first European exploration of the mainland of North America since the Norse visits to Vinland in the eleventh century. <SEP> <P1-S0> Sebastian Cabot (Italian and Venetian: "Sebastiano Caboto", Spanish: "Sebastián Caboto", "Gaboto" or "Cabot"; c. 1474 – c. December 1557) was an Italian explorer, likely born in the Venetian Republic. <P1-S1>  He was the son of Italian explorer John Cabot (Giovanni Caboto) and his Venetian wife Mattea. <SEP> <P2-S0> Colonel Norman Dane Vaughan (December 19, 1905 – December 23, 2005) was an American dogsled driver and explorer whose first claim to fame was participating in Admiral Byrd's first expedition to the South Pole. <P2-S1>  He also ran dog teams in a professional capacity as part of a search and rescue unit in World War II, in sporting events like the Olympics and the Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race, and in three Presidential Inauguration ceremonies. <SEP> <P3-S0> Cape Freels is a headland on the island of Newfoundland at the southern tip of the Avalon Peninsula. <P3-S1>  It is the most southerly point of land on the island of Newfoundland and hence the most southerly of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador. <P3-S2>  This cape on the Avalon Peninsula is not to be confused with another Cape Freels in Newfoundland, located at the northern extremity of Bonavista Bay. <P3-S3>  In addition, Cape Freels (Avalon) shares the distinction of being the most southerly point in Newfoundland with nearby Cape Pine, which is situated at the same latitude.
Question: Which was founded first, Monash University or Portland State University?

<P0-S0> Jakarta International College (also known as Monash College Jakarta or JIC), founded in 2002, is an Indonesian international college set up for students who wish to further their university education overseas. <P0-S1>  JIC offers four internationally recognized education programs that help students transition from high school to university, namely Monash College Diploma Program, Monash University Foundation Year (MUFY), Monash English Bridging Program (MEB) and Pathway to American Degree Program. <SEP> <P1-S0> The Peter W. Stott Center is a 1,500-seat multi-purpose arena located on the Portland State University campus in Portland, Oregon, in the United States. <P1-S1>  The facility houses the Portland State Vikings Athletics Department as well as physical education classes. <P1-S2>  It features locker rooms, racquet courts (tennis, squash and racquetball), eighth-mile track, weight training, wrestling room, small gym, pool and arena. <P1-S3>  It opened in 1966. <P1-S4>  It is home to the Portland State Vikings basketball and volleyball teams. <SEP> <P2-S0>  Founded in 1958, it is the second oldest university in the State of Victoria. <P2-S1> Monash University ( ) is an Australian public research university based in Melbourne, Australia. <P2-S2>  Monash is a member of Australia's Group of Eight, a coalition of Australia's eight leading research Universities, a member of the ASAIHL, and is the only Australian member of the influential M8 Alliance of Academic Health Centers, Universities and National Academies. <P2-S3>  Monash is one of two Australian universities to be ranked in the École des Mines de Paris (Mines ParisTech) ranking on the basis of the number of alumni listed among CEOs in the 500 largest worldwide companies. <P2-S4>  Monash is in the top 20% in teaching, top 10% in international outlook, top 20% in industry income and top 10% in research in the world in 2016. <SEP> <P3-S0>  It was founded in 1946 as a post-secondary educational institution for World War II veterans. <P3-S1>  It evolved into a four-year college over the following two decades, and was granted university status in 1969. <P3-S2> Portland State University (PSU) is a public research university located in the southwest University District of downtown Portland, Oregon, United States. <P3-S3>  It is the only public urban university in the state of Oregon that is located in a major metropolitan city, and is governed by a board of trustees.