Question: What did the Magna Carta do for the government of the nation that the Duke of York, known by his regnal name, returned to after his exile to the Netherlands?

<P0-S0> in clause 39 of magna carta, issued in 1215, john of england promised: ``no free man shall be seized or imprisoned, or stripped of his rights or possessions, or outlawed or exiled, or deprived of his standing in any other way, nor will we proceed with force against him, or send others to do so, except by the lawful judgment of his equals or by the law of the land. <P0-S1> ''magna carta itself immediately became part of the`` law of the land'', and clause 61 of that charter authorized an elected body of 25 barons to determine by majority vote what redress the king must provide when the king offends ``in any respect against any man. <P0-S2> ''thus, magna carta established the rule of law in england by not only requiring the monarchy to obey the law of the land but also limiting how the monarchy could change the law of the land. <P0-S3> however, in the 13th century, the provisions may have been referring only to the rights of landowners, and not to ordinary peasantry or villagers. <SEP> <P1-S0> The charter became part of English political life and was typically renewed by each monarch in turn, although as time went by and the fledgling English Parliament passed new laws, it lost some of its practical significance. <P1-S1> At the end of the 16th century there was an upsurge in interest in Magna Carta. <P1-S2> Lawyers and historians at the time believed that there was an ancient English constitution, going back to the days of the Anglo - Saxons, that protected individual English freedoms. <P1-S3> Although this historical account was badly flawed, jurists such as Sir Edward Coke used Magna Carta extensively in the early 17th century, arguing against the divine right of kings propounded by the Stuart monarchs. <P1-S4> They argued that the Norman invasion of 1066 had overthrown these rights, and that Magna Carta had been a popular attempt to restore them, making the charter an essential foundation for the contemporary powers of Parliament and legal principles such as habeas corpus. <P1-S5> Both James I and his son Charles I attempted to suppress the discussion of Magna Carta, until the issue was curtailed by the English Civil War of the 1640s and the execution of Charles. <SEP> <P2-S0> magna carta libertatum (medieval latin for ``the great charter of the liberties ''), commonly called magna carta (also magna charta;`` great charter''), is a charter agreed to by king john of england at runnymede, near windsor, on 15 june 1215. first drafted by the archbishop of canterbury to make peace between the unpopular king and a group of rebel barons, it promised the protection of church rights, protection for the barons from illegal imprisonment, access to swift justice, and limitations on feudal payments to the crown, to be implemented through a council of 25 barons. <P2-S1> neither side stood behind their commitments, and the charter was annulled by pope innocent iii, leading to the first barons' war. <P2-S2> after john's death, the regency government of his young son, henry iii, reissued the document in 1216, stripped of some of its more radical content, in an unsuccessful bid to build political support for their cause. <P2-S3> at the end of the war in 1217, it formed part of the peace treaty agreed at lambeth, where the document acquired the name magna carta, to distinguish it from the smaller charter of the forest which was issued at the same time. <P2-S4> short of funds, henry reissued the charter again in 1225 in exchange for a grant of new taxes; his son, edward i, repeated the exercise in 1297, this time confirming it as part of england's statute law. <SEP> <P3-S0> The English promptly renamed the fledgling city "New York" after the Duke of York (later King James II). <P3-S1> In 1664, Peter Stuyvesant, the Director-General of the colony of New Netherland, surrendered New Amsterdam to the English without bloodshed. <SEP> <P4-S0> Ice skating was brought to Britain from the Netherlands, where James II was briefly exiled in the 17th century. <P4-S1> When he returned to England, this 'new' sport was introduced to the British aristocracy, and was soon enjoyed by people from all walks of life.