Question: Lumpy skin disease, which affects the African buffalo, is caused by which virus?

<P0-S0> Chicken anaemia virus, or CAV, is a member of the circoviridae family which is found worldwide. <P0-S1>  The virus only affects chickens. CAV is a non-enveloped icosahedral single stranded DNA virus, which causes bone marrow atrophy, anaemia, and severe immunosuppression. <P0-S2>  Clinical signs of CAV infection are predominantly found in young chicks due to vertical transmission from the breeder hens whose maternal antibodies have not yet formed following exposure. <P0-S3>  Clinical disease is rare today because of the widespread practice of vaccinating breeders, but the subclinical form of the disease - which normally affects birds more than two weeks of age following horizontal transmission of the virus via the oro-faecal route - is ubiquitous. <P0-S4>  The virus is very resistant in the environment, making elimination very difficult. <SEP> <P1-S0> Capripoxvirus is a genus of viruses in the subfamily Chordopoxvirinae and the family Poxviridae. <P1-S1>  Capripoxviruses are among the most serious of all animal poxviruses. <P1-S2>  Sheep, goat, and cattle serve as natural hosts. <P1-S3>  These viruses cause negative economic consequences by damaging hides and wool and forcing the establishment of trade restrictions in response to an outbreak. <P1-S4>  The genus consists of three species: the type species: sheeppox virus (SPPV), goatpox virus (GTPV), and lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV). <P1-S5>  They share no serological relationship with camel pox, horse pox, or avian poxes. <P1-S6>  Capripoxviruses for sheeppox and goatpox infect only sheep and goat respectively. <P1-S7>  However, it is probable that North American relatives, the mountain goat and mountain sheep, may be susceptible to the strains but has not been experimentally proven. <P1-S8>  Lumpy skin disease virus affects primarily cattle, but studies have been shown that giraffes and impala are also susceptible to LSDV. <P1-S9>  Humans cannot be infected by Capripoxviruses. <SEP> <P2-S0>  It is not closely related to the slightly larger wild water buffalo of Asia and its ancestry remains unclear. <P2-S1>  "Syncerus caffer caffer", the Cape buffalo, is the typical subspecies, and the largest one, found in South and East Africa. <P2-S2> The African buffalo or Cape buffalo ("Syncerus caffer") is a large African bovine. <P2-S3>  "S. c. nanus" (African forest buffalo) is the smallest subspecies, common in forest areas of Central and West Africa, while "S. c. brachyceros" is in West Africa and "S. c. aequinoctialis" is in the savannas of East Africa. <P2-S4>  The adult buffalo's horns are its characteristic feature; they have fused bases, forming a continuous bone shield across the top of the head referred to as a "boss". <P2-S5>  They are widely regarded as very dangerous animals, as they gore and kill over 200 people every year. <SEP> <P3-S0>  It mainly affects cattle and zebus, but has also been seen in giraffes, African buffalo, and impalas. Lumpy skin disease was first seen as an epidemic in Zambia in 1929, and since then has affected cattle throughout Africa, including the countries South Africa, Egypt, and Sudan, and in 1989 an outbreak was confirmed in Israel. <P3-S1>  In April 2016 Bulgaria contacted the World Food Organisation for assistance in dealing with an epidemic. <P3-S2>  It is spread by biting insects. <P3-S3> Lumpy skin disease is a disease caused by a virus of the family "Poxviridae", also known as Neethling virus.