Question: When did Canada become a colony of the country where Apache helicopters are based in the nation that recently voted to leave a federal union?

<P0-S0> France had already secretly ceded its vast Louisiana territory to Spain under the Treaty of Fontainebleau (1762) in which King Louis XV of France had given his cousin King Charles III of Spain the entire area of the drainage basin of the Mississippi River from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico and from the Appalachian Mountains to the Rocky Mountains. <P0-S1> France and Spain kept the Treaty of Fontainebleau secret from other countries until 1764. <P0-S2> In return for acquiring Canada, Britain returned to France its most important sugar - producing colony, Guadeloupe, which the French at the time considered more valuable than Canada. <P0-S3> With the end of the Seven Years' War and the signing of the Treaty of Paris (1763), France ceded almost all of its remaining territory in mainland North America, except for fishing rights off Newfoundland and the two small islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon where its fishermen could dry their fish. <P0-S4> (Guadeloupe produced more sugar than all the British islands combined, and Voltaire had notoriously dismissed Canada as ``Quelques arpents de neige '',`` A few acres of snow''). <SEP> <P1-S0> Until recently, in the absence of prior agreement on a clear and precise definition, the concept was thought to mean (as a shorthand) 'a division of sovereignty between two levels of government'. <P1-S1> New research, however, argues that this cannot be correct, as dividing sovereignty - when this concept is properly understood in its core meaning of the final and absolute source of political authority in a political community - is not possible. <P1-S2> The descent of the United States into Civil War in the mid-nineteenth century, over disputes about unallocated competences concerning slavery and ultimately the right of secession, showed this. <P1-S3> One or other level of government could be sovereign to decide such matters, but not both simultaneously. <P1-S4> The leading example of the federal union of states is the European Union. <P1-S5> Therefore, it is now suggested that federalism is more appropriately conceived as 'a division of the powers flowing from sovereignty between two levels of government'. <P1-S6> What differentiates the concept from other multi-level political forms is the characteristic of equality of standing between the two levels of government established. <P1-S7> This clarified definition opens the way to identifying two distinct federal forms, where before only one was known, based upon whether sovereignty resides in the whole (in one people) or in the parts (in many peoples): the federal state (or federation) and the federal union of states (or federal union), respectively. <P1-S8> Leading examples of the federal state include the United States, Germany, Canada, Switzerland, Australia and India. <SEP> <P2-S0> throughout their history, the liberals have been in electoral terms largely the party of the middle class (whom menzies, in the era of the party's formation called "the forgotten people"), though such class-based voting patterns are no longer as clear as they once were. <P2-S1> in the 1970s a left-wing middle class emerged that no longer voted liberal. <P2-S2> [citation needed] one effect of this was the success of a breakaway party, the australian democrats, founded in 1977 by former liberal minister don chipp and members of minor liberal parties; other members of the left-leaning section of the middle-class became labor supporters. <P2-S3> [citation needed] on the other hand, the liberals have done increasingly well in recent years among socially conservative working-class voters. <P2-S4> [citation needed]however the liberal party's key support base remains the upper-middle classes; 16 of the 20 richest federal electorates are held by the liberals, most of which are safe seats. <P2-S5> in country areas they either compete with or have a truce with the nationals, depending on various factors. <SEP> <P3-S0> the eurocopter ec145 (now airbus helicopters h145) is a twin-engine light utility helicopter developed and manufactured by eurocopter, which was rebranded as airbus helicopters in 2014. originally referred to as the "bk 117 c2", the ec145 is based upon the mbb/kawasaki bk 117 c1, which became a part of the combined eurocopter line-up in 1992 with the merger of messerschmitt-bölkow-blohm's helicopter division of daimler-benz and the helicopter division of aérospatiale-matra to form eurocopter. <SEP> <P4-S0> In a referendum on 23 June 2016, 51.9% of the participating UK electorate voted to leave the EU, out of a turnout of 72.2%. <P4-S1> The UK is thus due to leave the EU on 29 March 2019. <P4-S2> On 29 March 2017, the UK government invoked Article 50 of the Treaty on the European Union. <SEP> <P5-S0> The Army Air Corps (AAC) is a component of the British Army, first formed in 1942 during the Second World War by grouping the various airborne units of the British Army (which are no longer part of the AAC). <P5-S1> Today, there are eight regiments (7 Regular Army and 1 Reserve) of the AAC as well as four Independent Flights and two Independent Squadrons deployed in support of British Army operations across the world. <P5-S2> They are located in Britain, Brunei, Canada, and Germany. <P5-S3> Some AAC squadrons provide the offensive and air assault elements of 16 Air Assault Brigade through Joint Helicopter Command.