Question: What is the year the organization with the US and first country to launch an artificial satellite as members adopted the human development index?

<P0-S0> The origins of the HDI are found in the annual Human Development Reports produced by the Human Development Reports Office of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). <P0-S1> These were devised and launched by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq in 1990, and had the explicit purpose ``to shift the focus of development economics from national income accounting to people - centered policies ''. <P0-S2> To produce the Human Development Reports, Mahbub ul Haq formed a group of development economists including Paul Streeten, Frances Stewart, Gustav Ranis, Keith Griffin, Farhan C.M, Sudhir Anand, and Meghnad Desai. <P0-S3> Nobel laureate Amartya Sen utilized Haq's work in his own work on human capabilities. <P0-S4> Haq believed that a simple composite measure of human development was needed to convince the public, academics, and politicians that they can and should evaluate development not only by economic advances but also improvements in human well - being. <SEP> <P1-S0> The Soviet Union suffered greatly in the war, losing around 27 million people. <P1-S1> Approximately 2.8 million Soviet POWs died of starvation, mistreatment, or executions in just eight months of 1941 -- 42. <P1-S2> It emerged as a superpower in the post-war period. <P1-S3> Once denied diplomatic recognition by the Western world, the Soviet Union had official relations with practically every nation by the late 1940s. <P1-S4> During the war, the Soviet Union together with the United States, the United Kingdom and China were considered as the Big Four of Allied powers in World War II and later became the Four Policemen which was the foundation of the United Nations Security Council. <P1-S5> A member of the United Nations at its foundation in 1945, the Soviet Union became one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council, which gave it the right to veto any of its resolutions. <SEP> <P2-S0> Since then, about 6,600 satellites from more than 40 countries have been launched. <P2-S1> In 1957 the Soviet Union launched the world's first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1. <P2-S2> According to a 2013 estimate, 3,600 remained in orbit. <P2-S3> Of those, about 1,000 were operational; while the rest have lived out their useful lives and become space debris. <P2-S4> Approximately 500 operational satellites are in low - Earth orbit, 50 are in medium - Earth orbit (at 20,000 km), and the rest are in geostationary orbit (at 36,000 km). <P2-S5> A few large satellites have been launched in parts and assembled in orbit. <P2-S6> Over a dozen space probes have been placed into orbit around other bodies and become artificial satellites to the Moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, a few asteroids, a comet and the Sun. <SEP> <P3-S0> greece is classified as an advanced, high-income economy, and was a founding member of the organisation for economic co-operation and development (oecd) and of the organization of the black sea economic cooperation (bsec). <P3-S1> the country joined what is now the european union in 1981. in 2001 greece adopted the euro as its currency, replacing the greek drachma at an exchange rate of 340.75 drachmae per euro. <P3-S2> greece is a member of the international monetary fund and of the world trade organization, and ranked 34th on ernst & young's globalization index 2011. <SEP> <P4-S0> the space age is a period encompassing the activities related to the space race, space exploration, space technology, and the cultural developments influenced by these events. <P4-S1> the space age began with the development of several technologies that culminated with the launch of sputnik 1 by the soviet union. <P4-S2> this was the world's first artificial satellite, orbiting the earth in 98.1 minutes and weighing in at 83 kg. <P4-S3> the launch of sputnik 1 ushered a new era of political, scientific and technological achievements that became known as the space age. <P4-S4> the space age was characterized by rapid development of new technology in a close race mostly between the united states and the soviet union. <P4-S5> the space age brought the first human spaceflight during the vostok programme and reached its peak with the apollo program which captured the imagination of much of the world's population. <P4-S6> the landing of apollo 11 was an event watched by over 500 million people around the world and is widely recognized as one of the defining moments of the 20th century. <P4-S7> since then and with the end of the space race due to the dissolution of the soviet union, public attention has largely moved to other areas.