Question: This government body has oversight of the organization that issued the report in 1958. When did the 16th amendment to the document where the phrase "wall of separation" was nowhere to be found legalize levying of income tax by that government body?

<P0-S0> The court noted that it "is a matter of history that this very practice of establishing governmentally composed prayers for religious services was one of the reasons which caused many of our early colonists to leave England and seek religious freedom in America." <P0-S1> The lone dissenter, Justice Potter Stewart, objected to the court's embrace of the "wall of separation" metaphor: "I think that the Court's task, in this as in all areas of constitutional adjudication, is not responsibly aided by the uncritical invocation of metaphors like the "wall of separation," a phrase nowhere to be found in the Constitution." <SEP> <P1-S0> The report found that over the period 1946-1955, there was a 42% drop in the incidence of diseases for which antibiotics were effective and only a 20% drop in those for which antibiotics were not effective. <P1-S1> A Federal Trade Commission report issued in 1958 attempted to quantify the effect of antibiotic development on American public health. <P1-S2> The report concluded that "it appears that the use of antibiotics, early diagnosis, and other factors have limited the epidemic spread and thus the number of these diseases which have occurred". <P1-S3> The study further examined mortality rates for eight common diseases for which antibiotics offered effective therapy (syphilis, tuberculosis, dysentery, scarlet fever, whooping cough, meningococcal infections, and pneumonia), and found a 56% decline over the same period. <P1-S4> Notable among these was a 75% decline in deaths due to tuberculosis. <SEP> <P2-S0> the phrase "[a] hedge or wall of separation between the garden of the church and the wilderness of the world" was first used by baptist theologian roger williams, the founder of the colony of rhode island, in his 1644 book the bloody tenent of persecution. <P2-S1> the phrase was later used by thomas jefferson as a description of the first amendment and its restriction on the legislative branch of the federal government, in an 1802 letter to the danbury baptists (a religious minority concerned about the dominant position of the congregationalist church in connecticut): <SEP> <P3-S0> Executive power is vested, with exceptions and qualifications, in the President. <P3-S1> By law (Section 2.) <P3-S2> The Constitution empowers the president to ensure the faithful execution of the laws made by Congress and approved by the President. <P3-S3> the president becomes the Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy, Militia of several states when called into service, has power to make treaties and appointments to office "with the Advice and Consent of the Senate," receive Ambassadors and Public Ministers, and "take care that the laws be faithfully executed" (Section 3.) <P3-S4> By using these words, the Constitution does not require the president to personally enforce the law; rather, officers subordinate to the president may perform such duties. <P3-S5> Congress may itself terminate such appointments, by impeachment, and restrict the president. <P3-S6> Bodies such as the War Claims Commission, the Interstate Commerce Commission and the Federal Trade Commission—all quasi-judicial—often have direct Congressional oversight. <SEP> <P4-S0> critics of the modern concept of the "separation of church and state" argue that it is untethered to anything in the text of the constitution and is contrary to the conception of the phrase as the founding fathers understood it. <P4-S1> philip hamburger, columbia law school professor and prominent critic of the modern understanding of the concept, maintains that the modern concept, which deviates from the constitutional establishment clause jurisprudence, is rooted in american anti-catholicism and nativism. <P4-S2> [citation needed] briefs before the supreme court, including by the u.s. government, have argued that some state constitutional amendments relating to the modern conception of separation of church and state (blaine amendments) were motivated by and intended to enact anti-catholicism. <SEP> <P5-S0> The Sixteenth Amendment (Amendment XVI) to the United States Constitution allows the Congress to levy an income tax without apportioning it among the states or basing it on the United States Census. <P5-S1> The amendment was adopted on February 3, 1913. <P5-S2> This amendment exempted income taxes from the constitutional requirements regarding direct taxes, after income taxes on rents, dividends, and interest were ruled to be direct taxes in the court case of Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co. (1895).