Question: James Rucker is the co-founder of Color of Change, an online activist organization that aims to strengthen the political voice of African Americans in the United States, it was founded by Rucker and Van Jones in the wake of Hurricane Katrina, and helped to raise awareness for the cause of the Jena Six, were six black teenagers in Jena, Louisiana, convicted in the beating of Justin Barker, that occurred in what year, a white student at the local Jena High School, which they also attended?

<P0-S0>  Barker was injured on December 4, 2006, by the members of the Jena Six, and received treatment at an emergency room. <P0-S1>  While the case was pending, it was often cited by some media commentators as an example of racial injustice in the United States. <P0-S2>  Some commentators believed that the defendants had been charged initially with too-serious offenses and had been treated unfairly. <P0-S3> The Jena Six were six black teenagers in Jena, Louisiana, convicted in the 2006 beating of Justin Barker, a white student at the local Jena High School, which they also attended. <SEP> <P1-S0>  The organization was founded by Rucker and Van Jones in the wake of Hurricane Katrina, and helped to raise awareness for the cause of the Jena Six. <P1-S1> James Rucker is the co-founder of Color of Change, an online activist organization that aims to strengthen the political voice of African Americans in the United States. <SEP> <P2-S0> The United States Senate has had ten African-American elected or appointed office holders. <P2-S1>  The United States Senate is the upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, which is the legislative branch of the federal government of the United States. <P2-S2>  The US Census Bureau defines African Americans as citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa. <P2-S3>  The term is generally used for Americans with at least partial ancestry in any of the original peoples of sub-Saharan Africa. <P2-S4>  During the founding of the federal government, African Americans were consigned to a status of second-class citizenship or enslaved. <P2-S5>  No African American served in federal elective office before the ratification in 1870 of the Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. <P2-S6>  The Fifteenth Amendment prohibits the federal and state governments from denying any citizen the right to vote because of that citizen's race, color, or previous condition of servitude. <P2-S7>  Of the ten senators, six were popularly elected (including one that previously had been appointed by his state's governor), two were elected by the state legislature prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1913 (which provides for the direct election of U.S. Senators by the people of each state), and two were appointed by a state Governor. <P2-S8>  The 113th United States Congress (2013–15) marked the first time that two African Americans served concurrently in the Senate. <SEP> <P3-S0> Color of Change is a progressive nonprofit civil rights advocacy organization in the United States. <P3-S1>  It was formed in 2005 in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina in order to use online resources to strengthen the political voice of African Americans. <P3-S2>  Color of Change is a 501(c)(4) advocacy organizing with an affiliated political action committee. <P3-S3>  Rashad Robinson serves as the organization's executive director.