Question: Who was married to the man who was president of the Russian Republic at the time when the country who built the first satellite to orbit the Earth disintegrated?

<P0-S0> Sputnik 1 (/ ˈspʊtnɪk / or / ˈspʌtnɪk /; ``Satellite - 1 '', or`` PS - 1'', Простейший Спутник - 1 or Prosteyshiy Sputnik - 1, ``Elementary Satellite 1 '') was the first artificial Earth satellite. <P0-S1> The Soviet Union launched it into an elliptical low Earth orbit on 4 October 1957, orbiting for three weeks before its batteries died, then silently for two more months before falling back into the atmosphere. <P0-S2> It was a 58 cm (23 in) diameter polished metal sphere, with four external radio antennas to broadcast radio pulses. <P0-S3> Its radio signal was easily detectable even by radio amateurs, and the 65 ° inclination and duration of its orbit made its flight path cover virtually the entire inhabited Earth. <P0-S4> This surprise success precipitated the American Sputnik crisis and triggered the Space Race, a part of the Cold War. <P0-S5> The launch ushered in new political, military, technological, and scientific developments. <SEP> <P1-S0> The dissolution of the Soviet Union occurred on December 26, 1991, officially granting self - governing independence to the Republics of the Soviet Union. <P1-S1> On the previous day, 25 December 1991, Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev, the eighth and final leader of the Soviet Union, resigned, declared his office extinct, and handed over its powers -- including control of the Soviet nuclear missile launching codes -- to Russian President Boris Yeltsin. <P1-S2> It was a result of the declaration number 142 - Н of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union. <P1-S3> The declaration acknowledged the independence of the former Soviet republics and created the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), although five of the signatories ratified it much later or did not do so at all. <P1-S4> That evening at 7: 32 p.m., the Soviet flag was lowered from the Kremlin for the last time and replaced with the pre-revolutionary Russian flag. <SEP> <P2-S0> She raised funds for the preservation of Russian cultural heritage, fostering of new talent, and treatment programs for children's blood cancer. <P2-S1> Raisa Maximovna Gorbacheva ( "Raisa Maksimovna Gorbachyova", , Титаренко; 5 January 1932 – 20 September 1999) was a Russian activist who was the wife of Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev. <SEP> <P3-S0> stsat-2c was launched at 07:00 utc on 30 january 2013, on the third flight of the naro-1 carrier rocket, with a russian first stage derived from the angara and a south korean second stage. <P3-S1> liftoff occurred from the naro space centre, and the rocket successfully deployed the satellite into at low earth orbit inclined at 80.3 degrees. <P3-S2> the launch marked the first successful flight of the naro-1, which had previously failed to launch stsat-2a in 2009 and stsat-2b in 2010. <SEP> <P4-S0> foton-m no.4 was launched from the baikonur cosmodrome on 18 july 2014, atop a soyuz-2-1a carrier rocket. <P4-S1> the launch was completed successfully, with the satellite separating from its rocket and beginning data transmission to its controllers. <P4-S2> however, after four orbits, it ceased responding to commands issued to it from the ground. <P4-S3> as a consequence of this, the spacecraft did not perform an orbit-raising maneuver that had been scheduled to occur shortly after orbital insertion. <P4-S4> satellite control was regained on 26 july by which time some of the microgravity experiments had already begun. <P4-S5> on 1 august the head of roskosmos, oleg ostapenko, was quoted as saying that the satellite will fly its entire two-month mission as originally planned, despite the cancellation of the orbit-boosting maneuver. <P4-S6> however, all of the experiments completed by 27 august, and the russian space agency decided to return the spacecraft to earth on 1 september, two weeks earlier than the original 15 september target landing date.