Question: What dates mark the beginning and end of the empire, that the country that Nasser led, became a colony of in the 1st Century B.C.?

<P0-S0> In 332 BC, Macedonian ruler Alexander the Great conquered Egypt as he toppled the Achaemenids and established the Hellenistic Ptolemaic Kingdom, whose first ruler was one of Alexander's former generals, Ptolemy I Soter. <P0-S1> The death of Cleopatra ended the nominal independence of Egypt resulting in Egypt becoming one of the provinces of the Roman Empire. <P0-S2> The Ptolemies had to fight native rebellions and were involved in foreign and civil wars that led to the decline of the kingdom and its final annexation by Rome. <SEP> <P1-S0> the roman republic (latin: res publica romana; classical latin: [ˈreːs ˈpuːb.lɪ.ka roːˈmaː.na]) was the period of ancient roman civilization beginning with the overthrow of the roman kingdom, traditionally dated to 509 bc, and ending in 27 bc with the establishment of the roman empire. <P1-S1> it was during this period that rome's control expanded from the city's immediate surroundings to hegemony over the entire mediterranean world. <P1-S2> during the first two centuries of its existence, the roman republic expanded through a combination of conquest and alliance, from central italy to the entire italian peninsula. <P1-S3> by the following century, it included north africa, spain, and what is now southern france. <P1-S4> two centuries after that, towards the end of the 1st century bc, it included the rest of modern france, greece, and much of the eastern mediterranean. <P1-S5> by this time, internal tensions led to a series of civil wars, culminating with the assassination of julius caesar, which led to the transition from republic to empire. <P1-S6> the exact date of transition can be a matter of interpretation. <P1-S7> historians have variously proposed julius caesar's crossing of the rubicon river in 49 bc, caesar's appointment as dictator for life in 44 bc, and the defeat of mark antony and cleopatra at the battle of actium in 31 bc. <P1-S8> however, most use the same date as did the ancient romans themselves, the roman senate's grant of extraordinary powers to octavian and his adopting the title augustus in 27 bc, as the defining event ending the republic. <SEP> <P2-S0> Yugoslavia had a liberal travel policy permitting foreigners to freely travel through the country and its citizens to travel worldwide, whereas it was limited by most Communist countries. <P2-S1> A number[quantify] of Yugoslav citizens worked throughout Western Europe. <P2-S2> Tito met many world leaders during his rule, such as Soviet rulers Joseph Stalin, Nikita Khrushchev and Leonid Brezhnev; Egypt's Gamal Abdel Nasser, Indian politicians Jawaharlal Nehru and Indira Gandhi; British Prime Ministers Winston Churchill, James Callaghan and Margaret Thatcher; U.S. Presidents Dwight D. Eisenhower, John F. Kennedy, Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford and Jimmy Carter; other political leaders, dignitaries and heads of state that Tito met at least once in his lifetime included Che Guevara, Fidel Castro, Yasser Arafat, Willy Brandt, Helmut Schmidt, Georges Pompidou, Queen Elizabeth II, Hua Guofeng, Kim Il Sung, Sukarno, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Suharto, Idi Amin, Haile Selassie, Kenneth Kaunda, Gaddafi, Erich Honecker, Nicolae Ceaușescu, János Kádár and Urho Kekkonen. <P2-S3> He also met numerous celebrities. <SEP> <P3-S0> The Roman Empire (Latin: Imperium Rōmānum, Classical Latin: (ɪmˈpɛ. <P3-S1> ri. <P3-S2> ũː roːˈmaː. <P3-S3> nũː); Koine and Medieval Greek: Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων, tr. <P3-S4> Basileia tōn Rhōmaiōn) was the post-Roman Republic period of the ancient Roman civilization, with a government headed by emperors and large territorial holdings around the Mediterranean Sea in Europe, Africa and Asia. <P3-S5> The 500 - year - old republic which preceded it had been severely destabilized in a series of civil wars and political conflict, during which Julius Caesar was appointed as perpetual dictator and then assassinated in 44 BC. <P3-S6> Civil wars and executions continued, culminating in the victory of Octavian, Caesar's adopted son, over Mark Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the annexation of Egypt. <P3-S7> The city of Rome was the largest city in the world c. 100 BC -- c. AD 400, with Constantinople (New Rome) becoming the largest around AD 500, and the Empire's population grew to an estimated 50 to 90 million inhabitants (roughly 20% of the world's population at the time). <P3-S8> Octavian's power was then unassailable and in 27 BC the Roman Senate formally granted him overarching power and the new title Augustus, effectively marking the end of the Roman Republic. <SEP> <P4-S0> following the defeat of the boers in the anglo - boer or south african war (1899 -- 1902), the union of south africa was created as a dominion of the british empire in terms of the south africa act 1909, which amalgamated the four previously separate british colonies: cape colony, natal colony, transvaal colony, and orange river colony. <P4-S1> the country became a self - governing nation state within the british empire, in 1934 following enactment of the status of the union act. <P4-S2> the dominion came to an end on 31 may 1961 as the consequence of a 1960 referendum, which legitimised the country becoming a sovereign state named republic of south africa. <P4-S3> a republican constitution was adopted.