Question: What was the original name of the institution that is currently named after the man who developed the direct current defibrillator for cardiac resuscitation ?

<P0-S0>  Lown developed the direct current defibrillator for cardiac resuscitation and the cardioverter for correcting rapid disordered heart rhythms, and introduced a new use for the drug lidocaine to control heartbeat disturbances. <P0-S1> Bernard Lown (born June 7, 1921) is the original developer of the DC defibrillator and the cardioverter, as well as a recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize. <SEP> <P1-S0>  The organization was renamed The Lown Institute in 2012 to reflect a shift from primarily cardiovascular research toward a broader focus on medical overuse and underuse. <P1-S1> The Lown Institute, formerly the Lown Cardiovascular Research Foundation, is a non-profit organization founded by Dr. Bernard Lown. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Revised Cardiac Risk Index (RCRI) is a tool used to estimate a patient's risk of perioperative cardiac complications. <P2-S1>  The RCRI and similar clinical prediction tools are derived by looking for an association between preoperative variables (e.g., patient's age, type of surgery, comorbid diagnoses, or laboratory data) and the risk for cardiac complications in a cohort of surgical patients (the "derivation cohort"). <P2-S2>  Variables that have independent predictive value in a logistic regression analysis are incorporated into the risk index. <P2-S3>  Ideally, the accuracy and validity of the risk index is then tested in a separate cohort (the "validation cohort"). <P2-S4>  In 1977 Goldman, et al., developed the first cardiac risk index, which included nine variables associated with an increased risk of perioperative cardiac complications. <P2-S5>  This became known as the Original Cardiac Risk Index (or alternatively the Goldman Index). <P2-S6>  In 1999, Lee et al. published a cardiac risk index derived from 2893 patients and validated in 1422 patients aged ≥ 50 undergoing major noncardiac surgery, which became known as the Revised Cardiac Risk Index (RCRI). <P2-S7>  Lee identified six independent variables that predicted an increased risk for cardiac complications. <P2-S8>  A patient's risk for perioperative cardiac complications increased with number of variables that were present. <SEP> <P3-S0> A bag valve mask, abbreviated to BVM and sometimes known by the proprietary name Ambu bag or generically as a manual resuscitator or "self-inflating bag", is a hand-held device commonly used to provide positive pressure ventilation to patients who are not breathing or not breathing adequately. <P3-S1>  The device is a required part of resuscitation kits for trained professionals in out-of-hospital settings (such as ambulance crews) and is also frequently used in hospitals as part of standard equipment found on a crash cart, in emergency rooms or other critical care settings. <P3-S2>  Underscoring the frequency and prominence of BVM use in the United States, the American Heart Association (AHA) Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiac Care recommend that "all healthcare providers should be familiar with the use of the bag-mask device." <P3-S3>  Manual resuscitators are also used within the hospital for temporary ventilation of patients dependent on mechanical ventilators when the mechanical ventilator needs to be examined for possible malfunction, or when ventilator-dependent patients are transported within the hospital. <P3-S4>  Two principal types of manual resuscitators exist; one version is self-filling with air, although additional oxygen (O) can be added but is not necessary for the device to function. <P3-S5>  The other principal type of manual resuscitator (flow-inflation) is heavily used in non-emergency applications in the operating room to ventilate patients during anesthesia induction and recovery.