Question: Who is the mother of the man who led the empire, which reduced to a colony the land where Marwan died, to its greatest extent?

<P0-S0> Marcus Ulpius Traianus was born on 18 September 53AD in the Roman province of Hispania Baetica (in what is now Andalusia in modern Spain), in the city of Italica (now in the municipal area of Santiponce, in the outskirts of Seville). <P0-S1> Trajan's birthplace of Italica was founded as a Roman military colony of "Italian" settlers in 206BC, though it is unknown when the Ulpii arrived there. <P0-S2> Although frequently designated the first provincial emperor, and dismissed by later writers such as Cassius Dio (himself of provincial origin) as "an Iberian, and neither an Italian nor even an Italiot", Trajan appears to have hailed on his father's side from the area of Tuder (modern Todi) in Umbria, at the border with Etruria, and on his mother's side from the Gens Marcia, of an Italic family of Sabine origin. <P0-S3> It is possible, but cannot be substantiated, that Trajan's ancestors married local women and lost their citizenship at some point, but they certainly recovered their status when the city became a municipium with Latin citizenship in the mid-1st century BC. <SEP> <P1-S0> The imperial period of Rome lasted approximately 1,500 years compared to the 500 years of the Republican era. <P1-S1> The first two centuries of the empire's existence were a period of unprecedented political stability and prosperity known as the Pax Romana, or ``Roman Peace ''. <P1-S2> Following Octavian's victory, the size of the empire was dramatically increased. <P1-S3> After the assassination of Caligula in AD 41, the Senate briefly considered restoring the republic, but the Praetorian Guard proclaimed Claudius emperor instead. <P1-S4> Under Claudius, the empire invaded Britannia, its first major expansion since Augustus. <P1-S5> After Claudius' successor, Nero, committed suicide in AD 68, the empire suffered a series of brief civil wars, as well as a concurrent major rebellion in Judea, during which four different legionary generals were proclaimed emperor. <P1-S6> Vespasian emerged triumphant in AD 69, establishing the Flavian dynasty, before being succeeded by his son Titus, who opened the Colosseum shortly after the eruption of Mount Vesuvius. <P1-S7> His short reign was followed by the long reign of his brother Domitian, who was eventually assassinated. <P1-S8> The Senate then appointed the first of the Five Good Emperors. <P1-S9> The empire reached its greatest extent under Trajan, the second in this line. <SEP> <P2-S0> In 332 BC, Macedonian ruler Alexander the Great conquered Egypt as he toppled the Achaemenids and established the Hellenistic Ptolemaic Kingdom, whose first ruler was one of Alexander's former generals, Ptolemy I Soter. <P2-S1> The Ptolemies had to fight native rebellions and were involved in foreign and civil wars that led to the decline of the kingdom and its final annexation by Rome. <P2-S2> The death of Cleopatra ended the nominal independence of Egypt resulting in Egypt becoming one of the provinces of the Roman Empire. <SEP> <P3-S0> Around 746, Abu Muslim assumed leadership of the Hashimiyya in Khurasan. <P3-S1> In 747, he successfully initiated an open revolt against Umayyad rule, which was carried out under the sign of the black flag. <P3-S2> He soon established control of Khurasan, expelling its Umayyad governor, Nasr ibn Sayyar, and dispatched an army westwards. <P3-S3> Damascus fell to the Abbasids in April, and in August, Marwan was killed in Egypt. <P3-S4> Kufa fell to the Hashimiyya in 749, the last Umayyad stronghold in Iraq, Wasit, was placed under siege, and in November of the same year Abu al-Abbas was recognized as the new caliph in the mosque at Kufa. <P3-S5> [citation needed] At this point Marwan mobilized his troops from Harran and advanced toward Iraq. <P3-S6> In January 750 the two forces met in the Battle of the Zab, and the Umayyads were defeated. <SEP> <P4-S0> iran is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the proto-elamite and elamite kingdoms in 3200–2800 bc. <P4-S1> the iranian medes unified the area into the first of many empires in 625 bc, after which it became the dominant cultural and political power in the region. <P4-S2> iran reached the pinnacle of its power during the achaemenid empire founded by cyrus the great in 550 bc, which at its greatest extent comprised major portions of the ancient world, stretching from parts of the balkans (thrace-macedonia, bulgaria-paeonia) and eastern europe proper in the west, to the indus valley in the east, making it the largest empire the world had yet seen. <P4-S3> the empire collapsed in 330 bc following the conquests of alexander the great. <P4-S4> the parthian empire emerged from the ashes and was succeeded by the sassanid dynasty in 224 ad, under which iran again became one of the leading powers in the world, along with the roman-byzantine empire, for a period of more than four centuries. <SEP> <P5-S0> the maurya empire (322–185 bce) was the first empire to unify india into one state, and was the largest on the indian subcontinent. <P5-S1> at its greatest extent, the mauryan empire stretched to the north up to the natural boundaries of the himalayas and to the east into what is now assam. <P5-S2> to the west, it reached beyond modern pakistan, to the hindu kush mountains in what is now afghanistan. <P5-S3> the empire was established by chandragupta maurya in magadha (in modern bihar) when he overthrew the nanda dynasty. <P5-S4> chandragupta's son bindusara succeeded to the throne around 297 bc. <P5-S5> by the time he died in c. 272 bc, a large part of the subcontinent was under mauryan suzerainty. <P5-S6> however, the region of kalinga (around modern day odisha) remained outside mauryan control, perhaps interfering with their trade with the south.