Question: What was the Pantheon used for, in the city central to imperial life in the early fifth century, for the empire where the earliest examples of civil disobedience occurred?

<P0-S0> The Pantheon (/ ˈpænθiən / or US: / ˈpænθiɒn /; Latin: Pantheum, from Greek Πάνθειον Pantheion, ``(temple) of all the gods '') is a former Roman temple, now a church, in Rome, Italy, on the site of an earlier temple commissioned by Marcus Agrippa during the reign of Augustus (27 BC -- 14 AD). <P0-S1> The present building was completed by the emperor Hadrian and probably dedicated about 126 AD. <P0-S2> He retained Agrippa's original inscription, which has caused confusion over its date of construction as the original Pantheon burned down, so it is not certain when the present one was built. <SEP> <P1-S0> For almost a thousand years, Rome was the most politically important, richest and largest city in Europe. <P1-S1> Around 100 CE, it had a population of about 450,000, and declined to a mere 20,000 during the Early Middle Ages, reducing the sprawling city to groups of inhabited buildings interspersed among large areas of ruins and vegetation. <SEP> <P2-S0> one of its earliest massive implementations was brought about by egyptians against the british occupation in the 1919 revolution. <P2-S1> civil disobedience is one of the many ways people have rebelled against what they deem to be unfair laws. <P2-S2> it has been used in many nonviolent resistance movements in india (gandhi's campaigns for independence from the british empire), in czechoslovakia's velvet revolution and in east germany to oust their communist governments, in south africa in the fight against apartheid, in the american civil rights movement, in the singing revolution to bring independence to the baltic countries from the soviet union, recently with the 2003 rose revolution in georgia and the 2004 orange revolution in ukraine, among other various movements worldwide. <SEP> <P3-S0> in cases where the criminalized behavior is pure speech, civil disobedience can consist simply of engaging in the forbidden speech. <P3-S1> an example would be wbai's broadcasting the track "filthy words" from a george carlin comedy album, which eventually led to the 1978 supreme court case of fcc v. pacifica foundation. <P3-S2> threatening government officials is another classic way of expressing defiance toward the government and unwillingness to stand for its policies. <P3-S3> for example, joseph haas was arrested for allegedly sending an email to the lebanon, new hampshire city councilors stating, "wise up or die." <SEP> <P4-S0> Unarmed Jews gathered in the streets to prevent the installation of pagan images in the Temple in Jerusalem. <P4-S1> [citation needed][original research?] <P4-S2> In modern times, some activists who commit civil disobedience as a group collectively refuse to sign bail until certain demands are met, such as favorable bail conditions, or the release of all the activists. <P4-S3> This is a form of jail solidarity. <P4-S4> [page needed] There have also been many instances of solitary civil disobedience, such as that committed by Thoreau, but these sometimes go unnoticed. <P4-S5> The earliest recorded incidents of collective civil disobedience took place during the Roman Empire[citation needed]. <P4-S6> Thoreau, at the time of his arrest, was not yet a well-known author, and his arrest was not covered in any newspapers in the days, weeks and months after it happened. <P4-S7> The tax collector who arrested him rose to higher political office, and Thoreau's essay was not published until after the end of the Mexican War.