winkelee/scaling-down huggingface dataset:
Question: To which President of the United States did the Federal Council of Negro Affairs serve as public policy advisors while also being known as the Black Cabinet; a term coined by an American educator, stateswoman, philanthropist and civil rights activist Mary McLeod Bethune?

<P0-S0> The Mary McLeod Bethune Home (also known as the Mary McLeod Bethune Foundation) is a historic home in Daytona Beach, Florida. <P0-S1>  It is located on the Bethune-Cookman University campus. <P0-S2>  It was designated a United States National Historic Landmark in 1974, for its association with the life of Mary McLeod Bethune, an educator and civil rights leader. <SEP> <P1-S0> The Black Cabinet, or Federal Council of Negro Affairs or Black Brain Trust, was the informal term for a group of African-Americans who served as public policy advisors to President Franklin D. Roosevelt and his wife Eleanor Roosevelt in his 1933-45 terms in office. <P1-S1>  There was no official organization. <P1-S2>  The term was coined in 1936 by Mary McLeod Bethune and was occasionally used in the press. <P1-S3>  By mid-1935, there were 45 African Americans working in federal executive departments and New Deal agencies. <SEP> <P2-S0> Karen K. Narasaki (born April 4, 1958) is an American civil rights leader and human rights activist. <P2-S1>  In July 2014 President Barack Obama appointed Narasaki to serve as a Commissioner on the United States Commission on Civil Rights. <P2-S2>  She is the former president and executive director of the Asian Americans Advancing Justice | AAJC. <P2-S3>  Advancing Justice | AAJC is a Washington, D.C.-based, nonprofit civil rights organization whose mission is to advance the human and civil rights of Asian Pacific Americans through advocacy, public policy, public education and litigation. <P2-S4>  Prior to her post at AAJC, she served as the Washington, D.C. representative to the Japanese American Citizens League. <SEP> <P3-S0>  She attracted donations of time and money, and developed the academic school as a college. <P3-S1> Mary Jane McLeod Bethune (born Mary Jane McLeod; July 10, 1875 – May 18, 1955) was an American educator, stateswoman, philanthropist, humanitarian and civil rights activist best known for starting a private school for African-American students in Daytona Beach, Florida. <P3-S2>  It later continued to develop as Bethune-Cookman University. <P3-S3>  She also was appointed as a national adviser to President Franklin D. Roosevelt as part of what was known as his Black Cabinet. <P3-S4>  She was known as "The First Lady of The Struggle" because of her commitment to gain better lives for African Americans.
Question: James Wolk is an American actor in a drama series based on a novel by who?

<P0-S0> Daniel Bucatinsky (born September 22, 1965) is an American actor, writer and producer, best known for his role as James Novak in the Shonda Rhimes drama series "Scandal", for which he won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series in 2013. <P0-S1>  In 2014, Bucatinsky starred on NBC's "Marry Me", as well as the newly revived HBO series "The Comeback", which he also executive produces. <SEP> <P1-S0> Zoo is an American drama television series based on the 2012 novel of the same name by James Patterson and Michael Ledwidge, the former also serving as an executive producer for the series, which stars James Wolk, Kristen Connolly, Nonso Anozie, Nora Arnezeder and Billy Burke as a group of varied professionals who investigate the mysterious pandemic of violent animals attacks upon humans all over the world. <SEP> <P2-S0>  He is known for various roles in film and television, including his starring role as Jackson Oz in the drama series "Zoo", Charlie in the 2012 comedy film "For a Good Time, Call...", and Zach Cropper in the CBS sitcom "The Crazy Ones". <P2-S1> James Wolk is an American actor. <SEP> <P3-S0> "Zoo" is an American drama television series based on the 2012 novel of the same name by James Patterson and Michael Ledwidge, the former of who also serves as an executive producer. <P3-S1>  The series primarily stars James Wolk, Kristen Connolly, Nonso Anozie, Nora Arnezeder and Billy Burke as a group of varied professionals who investigate the mysterious pandemic of violent animals attacks upon humans all over the world. <P3-S2>  "Zoo" premiered on June 30, 2015 on CBS.
Question: FM broadcasting began at the station of which inventor, who won the first Medal of Honor by what is now the IEEE?

<P0-S0>  The use of FM radio has been associated with higher sound quality in music radio. <P0-S1> FM broadcasting in the United States began in the 1930s at engineer and inventor Edwin Howard Armstrong's experimental station, W2XMN. <SEP> <P1-S0>  He held 42 patents and received numerous awards, including the first Medal of Honor awarded by the Institute of Radio Engineers (now IEEE), the French Legion of Honor, the 1941 Franklin Medal and the 1942 Edison Medal. <P1-S1>  He was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame and included in the International Telecommunication Union's roster of great inventors. <P1-S2> Edwin Howard Armstrong (December 18, 1890 – January 31, 1954) was an American electrical engineer and inventor, best known for developing FM (frequency modulation) radio and the superheterodyne receiver system. <SEP> <P2-S0> FM sound broadcasting began in the United Kingdom on 2 May 1955 when the BBC started an FM broadcasting service the Light Programme, the Third Programme and the Home Service to the south east of England. <P2-S1>  There are now over 40 BBC and over 250 commercial FM sound broadcasting stations in the United Kingdom. <SEP> <P3-S0> KGAS-FM (104.3 FM "KGAS Radio") is a radio station that broadcasts a Country music format. <P3-S1>  Licensed to Carthage, Texas, United States, the station serves the East Texas area. <P3-S2>  It first began FM broadcasting in 1991. <P3-S3>  The station is currently owned by Wanda Hanszen and Jerry Hanszen, through licensee Hanszen Broadcasting, Inc. <P3-S4>  Local broadcasts include live remotes from community events, high school sports broadcasts, church programs, and local news. <P3-S5>  Local news broadcasts can be heard on weekdays at 6, 7, and 8 a.m., along with a noon broadcast. <P3-S6>  The station also has an evening news broadcast at 5 p.m. <P3-S7>  The station was originally an affiliate of "Today's Best Country" from ABC and Cumulus, but in 2014 switched to Westwood One's "Classic Country" format. <P3-S8>  Beginning at 6 a.m. on Sunday's the station broadcasts gospel music and live church programming until noon.
Question: The Russian ironclad Ne Tron Menia sunk in what event that was also known as the Leningrad Blockade that started on September 8th, 1941?

<P0-S0> The Russian ironclad "Ne Tron Menia" (Russian: Не тронь меня ) was the second of the three "Pervenets"-class broadside ironclads built for the Imperial Russian Navy during the mid-1860s. <P0-S1>  She joined the Baltic Fleet upon completion and never left Russian waters. <P0-S2>  Beginning in 1870 the ship was assigned to the Gunnery Training Detachment and was frequently rearmed. <P0-S3>  "Ne Tron Menia" was placed in reserve and hulked a decade later. <P0-S4>  In 1905 the ship was disarmed and she was sold in 1908. <P0-S5>  The ship was sunk in the Siege of Leningrad during World War II and was scrapped after she was salvaged in 1950. <P0-S6>  After the end of the Russian Civil War, she was acquired by the Soviets before being sold to a factory in 1925. <SEP> <P1-S0> The Siege of Leningrad, also known as the Leningrad Blockade (Russian: блокада Ленинграда , transliteration: "blokada Leningrada") was a prolonged military blockade undertaken mainly by the German Army Group North against Leningrad, historically and currently known as Saint Petersburg, in the Eastern Front theatre of World War II. <P1-S1>  The siege started on 8 September 1941, when the last road to the city was severed. <P1-S2>  Although the Soviets managed to open a narrow land corridor to the city on 18 January 1943, the siege was only lifted on 27 January 1944, 872 days after it began. <P1-S3>  It is regarded as the longest and most destructive siege in history, and possibly the costliest in terms of casualties. <SEP> <P2-S0> "Ne Ver', Ne Bojsia" (Russian: Не ве́рь, не бо́йся , 'Don't believe, don't fear' ) also known as "Ne Ver', Ne Boisia, i Ne Prosi" ("Don't Believe, Don't Fear and Don't Ask") is a song by t.A.T.u. that they performed at the 2003 Eurovision Song Contest while representing Russia. <P2-S1>  Although the duo placed a close third, the song got much attention. <SEP> <P3-S0> At least six ships of the Imperial Russian Navy have been named Ne Tron Menia (Russian: Не тронь меня - Touch me not).
Question: Which city's name means Elm Tree, Bengbu or Yushu, Jilin? 

<P0-S0> Ulmus crassifolia , the Texas cedar elm or simply cedar elm, is a deciduous tree native to south central North America, mainly in southern and eastern Texas, southern Oklahoma, Arkansas and Louisiana, with small populations in western Mississippi, southwest Tennessee and north central Florida; it also occurs in northeastern Mexico. <P0-S1>  It is the most common elm tree in Texas. <P0-S2>  The tree typically grows well in flat valley bottom areas referred to as 'Cedar Elm Flats'. <P0-S3>  The common name 'cedar elm' is derived from the trees' association with juniper trees, locally known as cedars. <SEP> <P1-S0>  It is more than 140 km to the northeast of central Changchun, and around 100 km south of Harbin. <P1-S1>  The name of the place means "Elm Tree". <P1-S2>  The northernmost county-level division of Changchun, it borders Dehui to the southwest as well as the prefecture-level division of Harbin (Heilongjiang) to the northeast. <P1-S3> Yushu () is a county-level city under the jurisdiction of Changchun, the capital of Jilin province, People's Republic of China. <SEP> <P2-S0> Tree House, also known as The Tree, is a mediaeval timber-framed house on the High Street in Crawley, a town and borough in West Sussex, England. <P2-S1>  It is the original manor house of Crawley, and was built in the early 15th century and rebuilt in the mid-16th century. <P2-S2>  It now has a modern exterior and is disused, but the old structure is still in place inside. <P2-S3>  Situated in a prominent position facing both the High Street and The Boulevard, two of Crawley town centre's main roads, its name commemorates an ancient elm tree which stood outside for hundreds of years and was one of Crawley's landmarks. <SEP> <P3-S0> Bengbu () is a mid-sized city in northern Anhui Province, China. <P3-S1>  Its built-up ("or metro") area made of 4 urban districts has nearly one million residents, though the Prefecture-level city under its jurisdiction had 3,164,467 registered residents at the 2010 census. <P3-S2>  Its name means "Oyster Wharf" in Chinese, echoing its former reputation as a freshwater pearl fishery.
Question: When did the battle occur for which William Johnstone Milne received the Victoria Cross?

<P0-S0>  Milne was a recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. <P0-S1> William Johnstone Milne VC (21 December 1892 – 9 April 1917) was a Canadian soldier. <P0-S2>  Milne was a Canadian soldier in World War I who received the VC at the Battle of Vimy Ridge on 9 April 1917. <SEP> <P1-S0>  The main combatants were the Canadian Corps, of four divisions, against three divisions of the German Sixth Army. <P1-S1>  The battle, which took place from 9 to 12 April 1917, was part of the opening phase of the British-led Battle of Arras, a diversionary attack for the French Nivelle Offensive. <P1-S2> The Battle of Vimy Ridge was a military engagement fought primarily as part of the Battle of Arras, in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France, during the First World War. <SEP> <P2-S0> Steven Milne (born 5 May 1980) is a former Scottish footballer who played as a striker for Dundee, Forfar Athletic, Plymouth Argyle, St. Johnstone, Ross County and Arbroath. <P2-S1>  Milne received a runners-up medal in the 2003 Scottish Cup Final, where Dundee lost 1–0 to Rangers. <P2-S2>  He won the Scottish Challenge Cup in 2007 and the Scottish First Division in 2009 with St. Johnstone. <SEP> <P3-S0> The Victoria Cross (VC) is a military decoration awarded for valour "in the presence of the enemy" to members of the Australia Armed Forces. <P3-S1>  It may be awarded to a person of any in any service, and to civilians under military command. <P3-S2>  Being the highest award in the Australian Honours Order of Wearing, the Victoria Cross takes precedence over all other postnominals and Australian orders and decorations. <P3-S3>  The Victoria Cross was instituted by Queen Victoria in 1856, initially to reward acts of valour during the Crimean War. <P3-S4>  Because of its rarity and inherent significance, the VC is highly prized, both as an award and as a collector's item, with one medal being sold for over A$1 million at auction. <P3-S5>  Australians have received the Victoria Cross under the Imperial honours system and later under the Australian Honours System, when in 1991 a new but equivalent award was established by letters patent within the Commonwealth of Australia and its Territories, known as the Victoria Cross for Australia. <P3-S6>  The Victoria Cross for Australia has been awarded four times: twice to Special Air Service Regiment members, once to a member of the 6th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment, and a posthumous award to a member of the 2nd Commando Regiment. <P3-S7>  All four were for actions in the War in Afghanistan.
Question: What television salesperson represented iCan Benefit from May 2008 until June 2009?

<P0-S0> Jens-Peter Rossen Bonde (born 27 March 1948 in Aabenraa) is a former Member of the European Parliament (MEP) with the June Movement. <P0-S1>  He resigned as an MEP in May 2008. <P0-S2>  Bonde was elected to the European Parliament in the first election in 1979 with the People's Movement against the EU. <P0-S3>  He was re-elected 6 times consecutively. <P0-S4>  In 1992 he co-founded the June Movement which he chaired until his retirement May 2008. <SEP> <P1-S0>  The company was represented by Billy Mays from May 2008 until his death in June 2009. <P1-S1>  Mays referred to iCan's insurance product as "the most important product I've ever endorsed." <P1-S2> iCan Benefit Group, LLC is a US based insurance agency that provides access to a wide range of health care plans and lifestyle benefits, some of them through association membership in a not-for-profit corporation called the Healthcare Cost Containment United Association (HCCUA). <P1-S3>  He also featured iCan Benefit on his Discovery Channel show Pitchmen, just prior to his death. <SEP> <P2-S0> The May Bumps 2009 were a series of rowing races held in Cambridge UK. <P2-S1>  The bumps featured crews from all Cambridge University Colleges and Anglia Ruskin University. <P2-S2>  They were held from Wednesday 10 June 2009 until Saturday 13 June 2009. <P2-S3>  The races were run as a bumps race, which have been held annually in mid-June in this form since 1887. <P2-S4>  See May Bumps for the format of the races. <P2-S5>  In 2009, a total of 171 crews are expected to take part (94 men's crews and 77 women's crews), with over 1500 participants in total. <SEP> <P3-S0> William Darrell "Billy" Mays Jr. (July 20, 1958 – June 28, 2009) was an American television direct-response advertisement salesperson most notable for promoting Fix-it, OxiClean, Orange Glo, Kaboom, Zorbeez, and other cleaning, home-based, and maintenance products on the Home Shopping Network, and through his company, Mays Promotions, Inc.
Question: During what season of Europe's secondary club football tournament was the  2017 UEFA Europa League Final, where Manchester United finished in sixth place?

<P0-S0>  It began against Leicester City in the FA Community Shield, with United prevailing 2–1 to win the first trophy of the domestic calendar. <P0-S1> The 2016–17 season was Manchester United's 25th season in the Premier League, and their 42nd consecutive season in the top-flight of English football. <P0-S2>  In February 2017, the club won their second trophy of the campaign, beating Southampton 3–2 in the EFL Cup Final. <P0-S3>  Although they missed out on qualifying for the 2017–18 UEFA Champions League via the league, having finished in sixth place, a 2–0 victory over Ajax in the 2017 UEFA Europa League Final meant they qualified for the Champions League group stage as Europa League title holders. <SEP> <P1-S0>  It was played at the Friends Arena in Solna, Sweden on 24 May 2017, between Dutch side Ajax and English side Manchester United. <P1-S1> The 2017 UEFA Europa League Final was the final match of the 2016–17 UEFA Europa League, the 46th season of Europe's secondary club football tournament organised by UEFA, and the 8th season since it was renamed from the UEFA Cup to the UEFA Europa League. <P1-S2>  Manchester United won the match 2–0 to secure their first title in this competition. <P1-S3>  With this victory, they joined Juventus, Ajax, Bayern Munich and Chelsea as the only clubs to have won all three major European trophies (European Champion Clubs' Cup/UEFA Champions League, UEFA Cup/Europa League, and the now defunct UEFA Cup Winners' Cup). <SEP> <P2-S0> The 2015 UEFA Europa League Final was the final match of the 2014–15 UEFA Europa League, the 44th season of Europe's secondary club football tournament organised by UEFA, and the sixth season since it was renamed from the UEFA Cup to the UEFA Europa League. <P2-S1>  It was played at the National Stadium in Warsaw, Poland, on 27 May 2015, between Ukrainian side Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk and the title holders, Spanish side Sevilla. <P2-S2>  Sevilla won the match 3–2 for a record fourth title. <SEP> <P3-S0> The 2011 UEFA Europa League Final was the final match of the 2010–11 UEFA Europa League, the 40th season of Europe's secondary club football tournament organised by UEFA, and the second season since it was renamed from UEFA Cup to UEFA Europa League. <P3-S1>  The match was played at the Aviva Stadium in Dublin, Republic of Ireland, on 18 May 2011, between two Portuguese teams – Porto and Braga – for the first time in UEFA competition finals.
Question: Which band members remained in the band Devil Wears Prada after their "Dead Throne US Tour"?

<P0-S0> Dead Throne is the fourth studio album by American metalcore band The Devil Wears Prada. <P0-S1>  It was released on September 13, 2011 through Ferret Music. <P0-S2>  Produced by Adam Dutkiewicz, the record was recorded in several studios across the United States from November 2010 – April 2011. <P0-S3>  The album is a follow up to The Devil Wears Prada's 2009 album, "With Roots Above and Branches Below". <P0-S4>  Much like their previous efforts the album's lyrics were penned by lead vocalist Mike Hranica, whose lyrical direction focused on anti-idolatry concepts. <P0-S5>  The band's musical style changed after the success of the "Zombie EP", this led to, what Hranica described as; fusing the melodic elements of their previous studio albums with the ferocity of "Zombie". <SEP> <P1-S0> Dead & Alive is the first live album from the Christian metalcore band The Devil Wears Prada. <P1-S1>  The album was recorded in Worcester, Massachusetts on the "Dead Throne US Tour". <P1-S2>  The album contains a DVD with the live show and also a CD album, which contains songs from their previous albums including the latest album, "Dead Throne". <P1-S3>  To promote the album, the band released a video for "Vengeance" that was recorded live from the tour. <P1-S4>  This is the last album to feature keyboard player James Baney, before he left the band on February 22, 2012. <SEP> <P2-S0> What a Terrible Thing to Say is the second full-length album from the post-hardcore band Four Letter Lie. <P2-S1>  It was released on February 19, 2008, through Victory Records. <P2-S2>  In February and March 2008, the band went on a US tour alongside Silverstein, the Devil Wears Prada, Protest the Hero and A Day to Remember. <P2-S3>  In October and November, the band supported Pierce the Veil on their headlining US tour. <P2-S4>  In December, the band went on an east coast tour with This Is Hell, Evergreen Terrace and Casey Jones. <P2-S5>  Videos have been released for "Cake Eater" and "Nothing But a Ghost". <P2-S6>  The album is the group's last record with Kevin Skaff and Derek Smith. <SEP> <P3-S0> The Devil Wears Prada is an American metalcore band from Dayton, Ohio, formed in 2005. <P3-S1>  It consists of members Mike Hranica (vocals, additional guitar), Jeremy DePoyster (rhythm guitar, vocals), Kyle Sipress (lead guitar, backing vocals), and Andy Trick (bass). <P3-S2>  The band had maintained its original lineup until keyboardist James Baney left the band. <P3-S3>  To date, the group has released six full-length albums: "" (2006), "Plagues" (2007), "With Roots Above and Branches Below" (2009), "Dead Throne" (2011), "" (2013) and "Transit Blues" (2016) as well as two EPs, one DVD, sixteen singles, and thirteen music videos.
Question: What song by 2 Chainz was produced by Thomas Wesley Pentz?

<P0-S0>  (2013) The song was released as the album's second promotional single on August 26, 2013. <P0-S1>  It was produced by Da Honorable C.N.O.T.E., Diplo and DJA and featured a guest appearance by Fergie. <P0-S2>  The song peaked on the US "Billboard" Bubbling Under R&B/Hip-Hop Singles at number six. <P0-S3> "Netflix" is a song by American rapper 2 Chainz from his second studio album "". <SEP> <P1-S0> "R.I.P." is a song by American rapper Young Jeezy, released as the second single from his twelfth mixtape "It's Tha World" (2012). <P1-S1>  It features vocals from fellow rapper 2 Chainz and was produced by record producer DJ Mustard, who helped to write the song with Young Jeezy and 2 Chainz. <SEP> <P2-S0>  He is the co-creator and lead member of the dancehall music project Major Lazer, and along with producer and DJ Skrillex, formed the electronic duo Jack Ü. <P2-S1>  He founded and manages record company Mad Decent, as well as co-founding the non-profit organization Heaps Decent. <P2-S2>  Among other jobs, he has worked as a schoolteacher in Philadelphia. <P2-S3>  His 2013 EP "Revolution" debuted at number 68 on the US "Billboard" 200. <P2-S4>  The song was later featured in a commercial for Hyundai and is featured on the "WWE 2K16" soundtrack. <P2-S5> Thomas Wesley Pentz (born November 10, 1978), better known by his stage name Diplo, is an American DJ, record producer, rapper, singer, songwriter and record executive based in Los Angeles, California. <SEP> <P3-S0> "Evil Boy" is a song by South African hip hop group Die Antwoord featuring rapper Wanga. <P3-S1>  It was written by Tony Cottrell, Watkin Tudor Jones (Ninja), Justin De Nobrega, Hugo Pasquin, Thomas Wesley Pentz (Diplo), and Yolandi Visser, and was produced by Diplo. <P3-S2>  It was released by Interscope Records and it serves as the final single from their album "$O$".
Question: Eldon P. Wyman was an ensign on the USS Oklahoma when the Japanese attacked what lagoon harbor that is the headquarters of the United States Pacific Fleet?

<P0-S0> The United States Pacific Fleet (USPACFLT) is a Pacific Ocean theater-level component command of the United States Navy that provides naval forces to the United States Pacific Command. <P0-S1>  Fleet headquarters is at Pearl Harbor Naval Station, Hawaii, with large secondary facilities at North Island, San Diego Bay on the Mainland. <SEP> <P1-S0>  Much of the harbor and surrounding lands is a United States Navy deep-water naval base. <P1-S1> Pearl Harbor is a lagoon harbor on the island of Oahu, Hawaii, west of Honolulu. <P1-S2>  It is also the headquarters of the United States Pacific Fleet. <P1-S3>  The U.S. government first obtained exclusive use of the inlet and the right to maintain a repair and coaling station for ships here in 1887. <P1-S4>  The attack on Pearl Harbor by the Empire of Japan on December 7, 1941, was the immediate cause of the United States' entry into World War II. <SEP> <P2-S0> Eldon P. Wyman (11 January 1917 - 7 December 1941) was an ensign serving aboard the USS Oklahoma (BB-37) when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941. <P2-S1>  Wyman was among the sailors trapped inside the Oklahoma when it sank at its berth. <SEP> <P3-S0> Lee Embree (July 9, 1915 – January 24, 2008) was an American Army staff sergeant and photographer who took the first American air-to-air photographs of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941. <P3-S1>  Embree took the pictures of the attack from on board an Army Air Corps B-17 which he happened to be flying on from California to Hawaii on December 7, 1941 as the Japanese attacked the Pacific Fleet stationed at Pearl Harbor.
Question: Evison Matafale was the founder and leader of a band whose genre was effectively named by a 1968 single by what band?

<P0-S0> A ghost band is, in the case of big band jazz, a band that performs under the original name of a deceased leader. <P0-S1>  In the case of rock, under a relaxed definition, it is a band that performs under the name of the original band whose founders are either deceased or have left the band. <P0-S2>  Use of the phrase may refer to a repertory jazz ensemble, such as a Dixieland band, with a longstanding, historic name. <P0-S3>  But in the strictest sense, a ghost band is connected in some way to a deceased leader. <SEP> <P1-S0> Evison Matafale (died 27 November 2001) was a Malawian Rastafarian whose music rose to popularity in Malawi. <P1-S1>  He was the founder and leader of the Reggae band Black Missionaries. <P1-S2>  Matafale rose to fame and became one of Malawi's favourite musicians by 2000 through the release of his debut album, Kuyimba 1, in 1999. <P1-S3>  Matafale was known as "the prophet" in Malawi and was seen as an elder amongst the community of Malawian Rastafarians. <SEP> <P2-S0>  The term also denotes the modern popular music of Jamaica and its diaspora. <P2-S1>  A 1968 single by Toots and the Maytals, "Do the Reggay" was the first popular song to use the word "reggae," effectively naming the genre and introducing it to a global audience. <P2-S2>  While sometimes used in a broad sense to refer to most types of popular Jamaican dance music, the term "reggae" more properly denotes a particular music style that was strongly influenced by traditional mento as well as American jazz and rhythm and blues, especially the New Orleans R&B practiced by Fats Domino and Allen Toussaint, and evolved out of the earlier genres ska and rocksteady. <P2-S3>  Reggae usually relates news, social gossip, and political comment. <P2-S4>  Reggae spread into a commercialized jazz field, being known first as ‘Rudie Blues’, then ‘Ska’, later ‘Blue Beat’, and ‘Rock Steady’. <P2-S5> Reggae ( ) is a music genre that originated in Jamaica in the late 1960s. <P2-S6>  It is instantly recognizable from the counterpoint between the bass and drum downbeat, and the offbeat rhythm section. <P2-S7>  The immediate origins of reggae were in ska and rock steady; from the latter, reggae took over the use of the bass as a percussion instrument. <SEP> <P3-S0> Toots and the Maytals, originally called The Maytals, are a Jamaican musical group and one of the best known ska and rocksteady vocal groups. <P3-S1>  The Maytals were formed in the early 1960s and were key figures in popularizing reggae music. <P3-S2>  Frontman Toots Hibbert's soulful vocal style has been compared to Otis Redding, and led him to be named one of the 100 Greatest Singers by "Rolling Stone". <P3-S3>  Their 1968 single "Do the Reggay", was the first song to first use the word "reggae", naming the genre and introducing it to a global audience. <P3-S4>  As Island Records founder Chris Blackwell says, “The Maytals were unlike anything else...sensational, raw and dynamic.”
Question: Who wrote the song which was ahead of "After the Love Has Gone" on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart?

<P0-S0> "My Sharona" is the debut single by the Knack. <P0-S1>  The song was written by Berton Averre and Doug Fieger, and released in 1979 from their album "Get the Knack". <P0-S2>  It reached number one on the "Billboard" Hot 100 singles chart where it remained for 6 weeks, and was number one on "Billboard"' s 1979 Top Pop Singles year-end chart. <SEP> <P1-S0>  It reached #2 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 singles chart for two weeks, behind The Knack's smash hit "My Sharona". <P1-S1> "After the Love Has Gone" is a 1979 hit single for Earth, Wind & Fire, written by David Foster, Jay Graydon, and Bill Champlin for the album "I Am". <SEP> <P2-S0> Verities & Balderdash is the fourth studio album by the American singer/songwriter Harry Chapin, released in 1974. <P2-S1>  (see 1974 in music). " <P2-S2> Cat's in the Cradle" was Chapin's highest charting single, finishing at #38 for the year on the 1974 Billboard year-end Hot 100 chart. <P2-S3>  The follow-up single, "I Wanna Learn a Love Song," charted on the Billboard Hot 100 Singles Chart at #44, and Billboard Adult Contemporary at #7. <P2-S4>  A promotional single, "What Made America Famous?" <P2-S5> , was released to radio stations as a 45. <P2-S6>  The album was certified gold on December 17, 1974. <SEP> <P3-S0> "Love Is Gone" is a song by French house DJ David Guetta and American singer Chris Willis. <P3-S1>  It is the second single from Guetta's third studio album "Pop Life". <P3-S2>  The single was released in France on June 2007 and in the UK on August 2007. <P3-S3>  The song reached #9 in the UK Singles Chart, becoming his second Top 10 hit. <P3-S4>  The song also received crossover airplay on top 40 radio stations in the USA, leading it to reach #98 on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart. <P3-S5>  The song has been remixed by co-producers Frédéric Riesterer (as Fred Rister) & Joachim Garraud themselves, Eddie Thoneick, Fuzzy Hair and Amo & Navas. <P3-S6>  The Fred Rister & Joachim Garraud remix was the one of the first David Guetta productions to use its guitar sound, which was later used in the songs "I Gotta Feeling" by The Black Eyed Peas, and "Gettin' Over", which also featured Chris Willis (as well as the single version "Gettin' Over You" with Fergie and LMFAO). <P3-S7>  The music video of the song features the actress, Kelly Thiebaud.
Question:  Which coach of a Pac-12 Conference team was also head coach of the Texas Tech Red Raiders football team?

<P0-S0> Michael Charles Leach (born March 9, 1961) is an American college football coach. <P0-S1>  He is the head coach of the Washington State Cougars football team. <P0-S2>  Previously, he was head coach of the Texas Tech Red Raiders football team, leading the Red Raiders to winning seasons in every year of his tenure. <SEP> <P1-S0> Grailey Hewett "Grady" "Big Hig" Higginbotham (December 31, 1892 – February 10, 1989) was an American football and baseball player, coach of football, basketball, and baseball, and college athletics administrator. <P1-S1>  He was the first head coach of the Texas Tech Red Raiders men's basketball team, leading it to a 14–18 record from 1925 to 1927. <P1-S2>  Higginbotham coached the Red Raiders baseball team to a 10–17 record from 1928 to 1929. <P1-S3>  He was also the head coach of the Texas Tech Red Raiders football team in 1929, tallying a mark of 1–7–2. <P1-S4>  He was the athletic director at Texas Tech from 1927 to 1929. <P1-S5>  Higginbotham played college football and college baseball at Texas A&M University. <P1-S6>  After graduating, he played in minor league baseball or several years. <P1-S7>  He was the older brother of Roswell G. Higginbotham, who also played at Texas A&M and became a college baseball coach. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Texas Tech Red Raiders football program is a college football team that represents Texas Tech University (variously "Texas Tech" or "TTU"). <P2-S1>  The team competes, as a member of the Big 12 Conference, which is a Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (formerly Division I-A) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). <P2-S2>  The program began in 1925 and has an overall winning record, including a total of 11 conference titles and one division title. <P2-S3>  On December 12, 2012, former Red Raiders quarterback Kliff Kingsbury became the team's 15th head coach, following the resignation of Tommy Tuberville. <P2-S4>  Home games are played at Jones AT&T Stadium in Lubbock, Texas. <SEP> <P3-S0> The 2012 Washington State Cougars football team represented Washington State University during the 2012 NCAA Division I FBS football season. <P3-S1>  They were members of the North Division of the Pac-12 Conference. <P3-S2>  The team was coached by first-year head coach Mike Leach and played their home games at Martin Stadium in Pullman, Washington. <P3-S3>  They finished the season 3–9, 1–8 in Pac-12 play to finish in last place in the North Division.
Question: Which cathedral was established or dedicated first, Chelmsford Cathedral or Cathedral of St John the Evangelist, Portsmouth?

<P0-S0> Cathedral of St John The Evangelist is the Mother Church of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kuala Lumpur and the seat of its Archbishop, Julian Leow Beng Kim. <P0-S1>  The first Church on a nearby site was established in 1883, and consisted of a long wooden hall with a few windows built on a forested area of Bukit Nanas, and was dedicated to St John the Evangelist. <P0-S2>  It was later rebuilt with bricks walls and tile roofed, and today is used as The Community Services Centre". <P0-S3>  The current building was built in 1954 and completed in 1955 and consecrated in 1962, when it was also elevated to the status of cathedral. <P0-S4>  The building is known for its whitewashed exterior and twin spires at the west front. <P0-S5>  It also includes stained glass windows from Paris, depicting scenes from the Gospel. <SEP> <P1-S0>  It was opened in 1882 and is the first cathedral to have been built in Portsmouth. <P1-S1>  It is the mother church of the Portsmouth diocese and seat of the Bishop of Portsmouth, currently the Right Reverend Philip Egan. <P1-S2> The Cathedral Church of St John the Evangelist (also known as St John's Cathedral) is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Portsmouth, England. <P1-S3>  It was dedicated on 10 August 1882. <SEP> <P2-S0> Michael Leslie Yorke was an Anglican priest in the last decades of the 20th century and the first years of the 21st. <P2-S1>  He was born on 25 March 1939 and educated at Midhurst Grammar School and Magdalene College, Cambridge. <P2-S2>  Ordained in 1965 his first post was a curacy at Croydon Parish Church after which he served as Succentor, Precentor and Chaplain at Chelmsford Cathedral. <P2-S3>  Following this he was Rector of Hadstock, a Canon Residentiary at Chelmsford Cathedral, Vicar of St Margaret’s with St Nicholas, King’s Lynn and Provost of Portsmouth Cathedral. <P2-S4>  In 1999 he became Dean of Lichfield, and is now in retirement as Dean Emeritus. <SEP> <P3-S0> Chelmsford Cathedral in the city of Chelmsford, Essex, England, is dedicated to St Mary the Virgin, St Peter and St Cedd. <P3-S1>  It became a cathedral when the Anglican Diocese of Chelmsford was created in 1914 and is the seat of the Bishop of Chelmsford.
Question: Which town was the director of the "Red Curtain Trilogy" born in?

<P0-S0> Nina Ananiashvili (born: "Nino Ananiashvili", Georgian: ნინო ანანიაშვილი ; born March 28, 1963) is a Georgian ballerina and artistic director of the State Ballet of Georgia. <P0-S1>  She has been described by the Daily Telegraph as one of the twelve greatest ballerinas of all time, and in 2002 was named Best Ballerina of the Year by the US "Dance Magazine". <P0-S2>  Ananiashvili has been a prominent fixture of the Soviet, Russian and Georgian ballet scene for decades. <P0-S3>  Shortly before the fall of the Iron Curtain, in 1987 the New York Magazine critic praised Nina Ananiashvili as "the best thing about the Bolshoi's Giselle whether she appeared in the title role or as the queen of the wilis." <P0-S4>  In 2014, a film of her 1991 performance in Giselle with the Bolshoi ballet was released. <SEP> <P1-S0> Strictly Ballroom is a 1992 Australian romantic comedy film directed and co-written by Baz Luhrmann. <P1-S1>  The film, Luhrmann's début, is the first in his "The Red Curtain Trilogy" of theatre-motif-related films; it was followed by "Romeo + Juliet" and "Moulin Rouge! <P1-S2> ". <SEP> <P2-S0> Mark Anthony "Baz" Luhrmann ( ; born 17 September 1962) is an Australian film director, screenwriter and producer best known for "Red Curtain Trilogy", comprising his romantic comedy film "Strictly Ballroom" (1992), the romantic drama "Romeo + Juliet" (1996), and the pastiche-jukebox musical "Moulin Rouge! <P2-S1> " (2001). <P2-S2>  His 2008 film "Australia" is an epic historical romantic drama film starring Hugh Jackman and Nicole Kidman. <P2-S3>  His 2013 drama "The Great Gatsby", based on F. Scott Fitzgerald's 1925 novel of the same name, stars Leonardo DiCaprio (whom he also used in "Romeo + Juliet") and Tobey Maguire. <SEP> <P3-S0> Herons Creek is a small township on the North Coast of New South Wales, Australia co-ordinates 31°35′S 152°44′E. <P3-S1>  The population of Herons Creek is 312 (2011). <P3-S2>  The township is about 291 kilometres (181 miles) north of Sydney. <P3-S3>  The North Coast railway line passes through, and a station existed at the site between 1917 and 1974. <P3-S4>  Film director Baz Luhrmann was raised in the town.
Question: Where does the American singer-songwriter, Vic Chessnutt, who features on an album of covers of Gram Parsons' songs, hail from?

<P0-S0> Sleepless Nights is a posthumous compilation album by Gram Parsons. <P0-S1>  Though credited to Parsons and his former band The Flying Burrito Brothers, the band appear on only nine of the album's twelve tracks. <P0-S2>  The album features no original songs; the majority are covers of vintage country songs with the exception of The Rolling Stones' song "Honky Tonk Women". <SEP> <P1-S0> Sweetheart of the Rodeo is the sixth album by American rock band the Byrds and was released on August 30, 1968 on Columbia Records ("see" 1968 in music). <P1-S1>  Recorded with the addition of country rock pioneer Gram Parsons, it was influential as the first major country rock album by an established act and represented a stylistic move away from the psychedelic rock of the band's previous LP, "The Notorious Byrd Brothers". <P1-S2>  The Byrds had occasionally experimented with country music on their four previous albums, but "Sweetheart of the Rodeo" represented their fullest immersion into the genre thus far. <P1-S3>  The album was also responsible for bringing Gram Parsons, who had joined the Byrds prior to the recording of the album, to the attention of a mainstream rock audience for the first time. <P1-S4>  Thus, the album can be seen as an important chapter in Parsons' personal and musical crusade to make country music fashionable for a young audience. <SEP> <P2-S0>  His first album, "Little", was released in 1990, but his breakthrough to commercial success didn't come until 1996 with the release of "", a charity record of alternative artists covering his songs. <P2-S1> James Victor Chesnutt (November 12, 1964 – December 25, 2009) was an American singer-songwriter from Athens, Georgia. <SEP> <P3-S0>  It features 17 tracks recorded by artists from the indie rock and Americana music scenes of the time, including Uncle Tupelo, Vic Chesnutt, Bob Mould, Victoria Williams, The Mekons and R.E.M.'s Peter Buck. <P3-S1> Conmemoritivo: A Tribute to Gram Parsons is an album of covers of singer-songwriter Gram Parsons' songs released by Rhino in 1993.
Question: Who created the character in "The Closer" in which the actor also played in the movie "Mannequin"?

<P0-S0>  Although he appeared in many dramatic roles, he may be best remembered for his "crusty" comedic characters such as Staff Sergeant Luther Rizzo in "M*A*S*H" (TV series 1979–1983); Lieutenant—and later, Captain Thaddeus Harris in the "Police Academy" films (1984–1994), Captain Felix Maxwell in "Mannequin" (1987) and as Detective Lieutenant Louie Provenza from TNT's television crime drama "The Closer". <P0-S1> George William "G.W." Bailey (born August 27, 1944) is an American stage, television and film actor. <P0-S2>  He currently stars in the TNT series "Major Crimes", a spinoff of "The Closer", continuing in his role as Lt. Provenza. <SEP> <P1-S0> Courtney Bernard Vance (born March 12, 1960) is an American actor. <P1-S1>  He is notable for his roles in the feature films "Hamburger Hill" and "The Hunt for Red October," the television series "", in which he played Assistant District Attorney Ron Carver, and , in which he played Johnnie Cochran. <P1-S2>  For the latter, he won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Limited Series or Movie. <P1-S3>  He guest starred on the TNT series "The Closer" as Chief Tommy Delk from 2010–11. <P1-S4>  In 2013, he won a Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Play for his role in "Lucky Guy". <SEP> <P2-S0>  He appeared on all seven seasons of "The Closer" and all six seasonable of "Major Crimes". <P2-S1>  The character was created by James Duff, and is portrayed by G. W. Bailey. <P2-S2>  Generally referred to as "Provenza", the character's first name was kept secret until his former partner, George Andrews, was heard to use it for the first time in the penultimate episode of the fifth season. <P2-S3>  It is said that only captains and above are allowed to address him by his first name and that even his own grandchildren call him "Lieutenant". <P2-S4>  He is also the only member of his academy class still on active duty with the rest having retired by the beginning of season 2 of "Major Crimes". <P2-S5> Detective Lieutenant Louie Provenza is a fictional character from TNT's television crime drama franchise "The Closer"/"Major Crimes." <SEP> <P3-S0> Mark Arnold (born May 23, 1957; Broomall, Pennsylvania) is an American actor most notable for his role as a professional dancer named Gavin Wylie who became a rebel on the run on the ABC soap opera "The Edge of Night" from 1980-1983. <P3-S1>  From 1984-1985, he played the role of Joe Perkins, the original hero of the daytime soap "Santa Barbara", replacing Dane Witherspoon. <P3-S2>  He also appeared on the serials "Guiding Light", "Rituals" and as Rob Coronol #2 on "One Life to Live" from 1987 to 1989. <P3-S3>  In 1985, Arnold also played Michael J. Fox's character's nemesis, Mick McAllister, in the movie "Teen Wolf". <P3-S4>  He also played a major part in the Full Moon "classics" "" and "". <P3-S5>  In 2009 he played the title character's father in the movie "April Showers".
Question: What is the name of the film director who directed a famous movie trilogy highlighting the classic film "Viridiana", that starred one of the actors in the Mexican comedy film "My Three Merry Widows"?

<P0-S0> The Road Movie trilogy is a series of three road movies directed by German film director Wim Wenders in the mid-1970s. <P0-S1>  They include "Alice in the Cities" (1974), "The Wrong Move" (1975), and "Kings of the Road" (1976). <P0-S2>  All three films were shot by cinematographer Robby Müller and mostly take place in West Germany. <P0-S3>  The centerpiece of the trilogy, "The Wrong Move", was shot in colour whereas "Alice in the Cities" was in black and white 16 mm, and "Kings of the Road" was in black and white 35 mm film. <SEP> <P1-S0> Hami Tin Bhai (also Haami Teen Bhai) (Nepali: हामी तीन भाई , English: We Three Brothers ) is a Nepali action, comedy film directed by Shiva Regmi. <P1-S1>  The film features Rajesh Hamal, Shree Krishna Shrestha and Nikhil Upreti in the lead roles. <P1-S2>  The movie was critically and commercially successful, with many critics highlighting its comedy and the actors' performance. <P1-S3>  It is one of the highest grossing films in Nepali film history. <P1-S4>  It is considered a classic movie by fans. <SEP> <P2-S0>  It was filmed in 1953 and starring Amalia Aguilar, Lilia del Valle and Silvia Pinal. <P2-S1> My Three Merry Widows (in Spanish Mis tres viudas alegres) is a Mexican comedy film directed by Fernando Cortés. <SEP> <P3-S0>  She is one of the most recognized and versatile Mexican actresses worldwide. <P3-S1> Silvia Pinal Hidalgo (born 12 September 1931) is a Mexican actress, producer and politician. <P3-S2>  She is internationally known for having starred in a famous movie trilogy with the famed film director Luis Buñuel, highlighting the classic film "Viridiana" (1961).
Question: What was the nationality of the semiotician who developed the Actantial model in 1966

<P0-S0> Jaroslav Volek (15 July 1923, Trenčín – 23 February 1989, Prague) was a Czech musicologist, semiotician who developed a theory of modal music. <P0-S1>  His theory included ideas of poly-modality and alteration of notes that he called "flex," which result in what he called the system of flexible diatonics. <P0-S2>  He applied this theory to the work of Béla Bartók and Leoš Janáček. <P0-S3>  He wrote "General Theory of Art" based on semiotic concepts in 1968. <SEP> <P1-S0>  It was developed in 1966 by semiotician Algirdas Julien Greimas. <P1-S1> In structural semantics, the actantial model, also called the actantial narrative schema, is a tool used to analyze the action that takes place in a story, whether real or fictional. <SEP> <P2-S0> In narrative theory, actant is a term from the actantial model of semiotic analysis of narratives. <P2-S1>  The term also has uses in linguistics, sociology, computer programming theory, and astrology. <SEP> <P3-S0> Algirdas Julien Greimas (] ; born "Algirdas Julius Greimas"; 9 March 1917 – 27 February 1992), was a French-Lithuanian literary scientist, known among other things for the Greimas Square ("le carré sémiotique"). <P3-S1>  He is, along with Roland Barthes, considered the most prominent of the French semioticians. With his training in structural linguistics, he added to the theory of signification and laid the foundations for the Parisian school of semiotics. <P3-S2>  Among Greimas's major contributions to semiotics are the concepts of isotopy, the actantial model, the narrative program, and the semiotics of the natural world. <P3-S3>  He also researched Lithuanian mythology and Proto-Indo-European religion, and was influential in semiotic literary criticism.
Question: Prince Floris Frederik Martijn of Orange-Nassau is the youngest son of a of the Dutch Royal House and currently eighth and last in the line of what?

<P0-S0> Prince Floris Frederik Martijn of Orange-Nassau, van Vollenhoven (born Nijmegen, 10 April 1975) is the fourth and youngest son of Princess Margriet of the Netherlands and Pieter van Vollenhoven. <SEP> <P1-S0> Prince Constantijn of the Netherlands ("Constantijn Christof Frederik Aschwin"; born 11 October 1969) is the third and youngest son of the former Dutch queen, Beatrix, and her husband, Claus von Amsberg, and is the younger brother of the reigning Dutch king, Willem-Alexander. <P1-S1>  He is a member of the Dutch Royal House of Orange-Nassau and currently fourth in the line of succession to the Dutch throne. <SEP> <P2-S0> Princess Margriet of the Netherlands (Margriet Francisca; born 19 January 1943) is the third daughter of Queen Juliana and Prince Bernhard. <P2-S1>  As an aunt of the reigning monarch, King Willem-Alexander, she is a member of the Dutch Royal House and currently eighth and last in the line of succession to the throne. <SEP> <P3-S0> Princess Ariane of the Netherlands, Princess of Orange-Nassau (Ariane Wilhelmina Máxima Inés; born 10 April 2007) is the third and youngest daughter of King Willem-Alexander and Queen Máxima. <P3-S1>  Princess Ariane is a member of the Dutch Royal House and currently third in the line of succession to the Dutch throne.