Question: Who is the mother of the person under whom the empire during which occurred the earliest examples of civil disobedience reached its greatest extent?

<P0-S0> The imperial period of Rome lasted approximately 1,500 years compared to the 500 years of the Republican era. <P0-S1> The first two centuries of the empire's existence were a period of unprecedented political stability and prosperity known as the Pax Romana, or ``Roman Peace ''. <P0-S2> Following Octavian's victory, the size of the empire was dramatically increased. <P0-S3> After the assassination of Caligula in AD 41, the Senate briefly considered restoring the republic, but the Praetorian Guard proclaimed Claudius emperor instead. <P0-S4> Under Claudius, the empire invaded Britannia, its first major expansion since Augustus. <P0-S5> After Claudius' successor, Nero, committed suicide in AD 68, the empire suffered a series of brief civil wars, as well as a concurrent major rebellion in Judea, during which four different legionary generals were proclaimed emperor. <P0-S6> Vespasian emerged triumphant in AD 69, establishing the Flavian dynasty, before being succeeded by his son Titus, who opened the Colosseum shortly after the eruption of Mount Vesuvius. <P0-S7> His short reign was followed by the long reign of his brother Domitian, who was eventually assassinated. <P0-S8> The empire reached its greatest extent under Trajan, the second in this line. <P0-S9> The Senate then appointed the first of the Five Good Emperors. <SEP> <P1-S0> Marcus Ulpius Traianus was born on 18 September 53AD in the Roman province of Hispania Baetica (in what is now Andalusia in modern Spain), in the city of Italica (now in the municipal area of Santiponce, in the outskirts of Seville). <P1-S1> Trajan's birthplace of Italica was founded as a Roman military colony of "Italian" settlers in 206BC, though it is unknown when the Ulpii arrived there. <P1-S2> It is possible, but cannot be substantiated, that Trajan's ancestors married local women and lost their citizenship at some point, but they certainly recovered their status when the city became a municipium with Latin citizenship in the mid-1st century BC. <P1-S3> Although frequently designated the first provincial emperor, and dismissed by later writers such as Cassius Dio (himself of provincial origin) as "an Iberian, and neither an Italian nor even an Italiot", Trajan appears to have hailed on his father's side from the area of Tuder (modern Todi) in Umbria, at the border with Etruria, and on his mother's side from the Gens Marcia, of an Italic family of Sabine origin. <SEP> <P2-S0> leviathan or the matter, forme and power of a common - wealth ecclesiasticall and civil -- commonly referred to as leviathan -- is a book written by thomas hobbes (1588 -- 1679) and published in 1651 (revised latin edition 1668). <P2-S1> its name derives from the biblical leviathan. <P2-S2> the work concerns the structure of society and legitimate government, and is regarded as one of the earliest and most influential examples of social contract theory. <P2-S3> leviathan ranks as a classic western work on statecraft comparable to machiavelli's the prince. <P2-S4> written during the english civil war (1642 -- 1651), leviathan argues for a social contract and rule by an absolute sovereign. <P2-S5> hobbes wrote that civil war and the brute situation of a state of nature (``the war of all against all '') could only be avoided by strong, undivided government. <SEP> <P3-S0> The earliest recorded incidents of collective civil disobedience took place during the Roman Empire[citation needed]. <P3-S1> Unarmed Jews gathered in the streets to prevent the installation of pagan images in the Temple in Jerusalem. <P3-S2> [citation needed][original research?] <P3-S3> In modern times, some activists who commit civil disobedience as a group collectively refuse to sign bail until certain demands are met, such as favorable bail conditions, or the release of all the activists. <P3-S4> This is a form of jail solidarity. <P3-S5> [page needed] There have also been many instances of solitary civil disobedience, such as that committed by Thoreau, but these sometimes go unnoticed. <P3-S6> Thoreau, at the time of his arrest, was not yet a well-known author, and his arrest was not covered in any newspapers in the days, weeks and months after it happened. <P3-S7> The tax collector who arrested him rose to higher political office, and Thoreau's essay was not published until after the end of the Mexican War. <SEP> <P4-S0> in 1729, nader shah, a chieftain and military genius from khorasan, successfully drove out and conquered the pashtun invaders. <P4-S1> he subsequently took back the annexed caucasian territories which were divided among the ottoman and russian authorities by the ongoing chaos in iran. <P4-S2> during the reign of nader shah, iran reached its greatest extent since the sassanid empire, reestablishing the iranian hegemony all over the caucasus, as well as other major parts of the west and central asia, and briefly possessing what was arguably the most powerful empire at the time.