Question: When did the empire being the colonizer of the death country of Marwan in the 1st century bc end and start?

<P0-S0> the roman republic (latin: res publica romana; classical latin: [ˈreːs ˈpuːb.lɪ.ka roːˈmaː.na]) was the period of ancient roman civilization beginning with the overthrow of the roman kingdom, traditionally dated to 509 bc, and ending in 27 bc with the establishment of the roman empire. <P0-S1> it was during this period that rome's control expanded from the city's immediate surroundings to hegemony over the entire mediterranean world. <P0-S2> during the first two centuries of its existence, the roman republic expanded through a combination of conquest and alliance, from central italy to the entire italian peninsula. <P0-S3> by the following century, it included north africa, spain, and what is now southern france. <P0-S4> two centuries after that, towards the end of the 1st century bc, it included the rest of modern france, greece, and much of the eastern mediterranean. <P0-S5> by this time, internal tensions led to a series of civil wars, culminating with the assassination of julius caesar, which led to the transition from republic to empire. <P0-S6> the exact date of transition can be a matter of interpretation. <P0-S7> historians have variously proposed julius caesar's crossing of the rubicon river in 49 bc, caesar's appointment as dictator for life in 44 bc, and the defeat of mark antony and cleopatra at the battle of actium in 31 bc. <P0-S8> however, most use the same date as did the ancient romans themselves, the roman senate's grant of extraordinary powers to octavian and his adopting the title augustus in 27 bc, as the defining event ending the republic. <SEP> <P1-S0> Around 746, Abu Muslim assumed leadership of the Hashimiyya in Khurasan. <P1-S1> In 747, he successfully initiated an open revolt against Umayyad rule, which was carried out under the sign of the black flag. <P1-S2> He soon established control of Khurasan, expelling its Umayyad governor, Nasr ibn Sayyar, and dispatched an army westwards. <P1-S3> Kufa fell to the Hashimiyya in 749, the last Umayyad stronghold in Iraq, Wasit, was placed under siege, and in November of the same year Abu al-Abbas was recognized as the new caliph in the mosque at Kufa. <P1-S4> [citation needed] At this point Marwan mobilized his troops from Harran and advanced toward Iraq. <P1-S5> In January 750 the two forces met in the Battle of the Zab, and the Umayyads were defeated. <P1-S6> Damascus fell to the Abbasids in April, and in August, Marwan was killed in Egypt. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Roman Empire (Latin: Imperium Rōmānum, Classical Latin: (ɪmˈpɛ. <P2-S1> ri. <P2-S2> ũː roːˈmaː. <P2-S3> nũː); Koine and Medieval Greek: Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων, tr. <P2-S4> Basileia tōn Rhōmaiōn) was the post-Roman Republic period of the ancient Roman civilization, with a government headed by emperors and large territorial holdings around the Mediterranean Sea in Europe, Africa and Asia. <P2-S5> The 500 - year - old republic which preceded it had been severely destabilized in a series of civil wars and political conflict, during which Julius Caesar was appointed as perpetual dictator and then assassinated in 44 BC. <P2-S6> Civil wars and executions continued, culminating in the victory of Octavian, Caesar's adopted son, over Mark Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the annexation of Egypt. <P2-S7> The city of Rome was the largest city in the world c. 100 BC -- c. AD 400, with Constantinople (New Rome) becoming the largest around AD 500, and the Empire's population grew to an estimated 50 to 90 million inhabitants (roughly 20% of the world's population at the time). <P2-S8> Octavian's power was then unassailable and in 27 BC the Roman Senate formally granted him overarching power and the new title Augustus, effectively marking the end of the Roman Republic. <SEP> <P3-S0> early muslim armies stayed in encampments away from cities because umar feared that they might get attracted to wealth and luxury. <P3-S1> in the process, they might turn away from the worship of god and start accumulating wealth and establishing dynasties. <P3-S2> when uthman ibn al-affan became very old, marwan i, a relative of muawiyah i, slipped into the vacuum, became his secretary, slowly assumed more control and relaxed some of these restrictions. <P3-S3> marwan i had previously been excluded from positions of responsibility. <P3-S4> in 656, muhammad ibn abi bakr, the son of abu bakr, the adopted son of ali ibn abi talib, and the great grandfather of ja'far al-sadiq, showed some egyptians the house of uthman ibn al-affan. <P3-S5> later the egyptians ended up killing uthman ibn al-affan. <SEP> <P4-S0> In 332 BC, Macedonian ruler Alexander the Great conquered Egypt as he toppled the Achaemenids and established the Hellenistic Ptolemaic Kingdom, whose first ruler was one of Alexander's former generals, Ptolemy I Soter. <P4-S1> The Ptolemies had to fight native rebellions and were involved in foreign and civil wars that led to the decline of the kingdom and its final annexation by Rome. <P4-S2> The death of Cleopatra ended the nominal independence of Egypt resulting in Egypt becoming one of the provinces of the Roman Empire.