Question: How many Jews live in the continent which contains a government where phonology is popular and a country where the Dutch reformed church came from?

<P0-S0> [citation needed] <P0-S1> Broadly speaking, government phonology (or its descendant, strict-CV phonology) has a greater following in the United Kingdom, whereas optimality theory is predominant in the United States. <SEP> <P1-S0> The Treaty of London of 1839, also called the First Treaty of London, the Convention of 1839, the Treaty of Separation, the Quintuple Treaty of 1839, or the Treaty of the XXIV articles, was a treaty signed on 19 April 1839 between the Concert of Europe, the United Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Kingdom of Belgium. <P1-S1> It was a direct follow-up to the 1831 Treaty of the XVIII Articles which the Netherlands had refused to sign, and the result of negotiations at the London Conference of 1838–1839. <SEP> <P2-S0> jews in new york city comprise approximately 13 percent of the city's population, making the jewish community the largest in the world outside of israel. <P2-S1> as of 2014, 1.1 million jews live in the five boroughs of new york city, and 1.75 million jews live in new york state overall. <P2-S2> jews have immigrated to new york city since the first settlement in dutch new amsterdam in 1654, most notably at the end of the 19th century to the early 20th century, when the jewish population rose from about 80,000 in 1880 to 1.5 million in 1920. the large jewish population has led to a significant impact on the culture of new york city. <P2-S3> after many decades of decline in the 20th century, the jewish population of new york city has seen a sharp increase in the 21st century owing to the high birth rate of the hasidic and orthodox communities. <SEP> <P3-S0> These numbers include all those who self-identified as Jews in a socio-demographic study or were identified as such by a respondent in the same household. <P3-S1> The exact world Jewish population, however, is difficult to measure. <P3-S2> In addition to issues with census methodology, disputes among proponents of halakhic, secular, political, and ancestral identification factors regarding who is a Jew may affect the figure considerably depending on the source. <P3-S3> According to a report published in 2014, about 43% of all Jews reside in Israel (6.1 million), and 40% in the United States (5.7 million), with most of the remainder living in Europe (1.4 million) and Canada (0.4 million). <SEP> <P4-S0> It was the foremost Protestant denomination, and -- since 1892 -- one of the two major Reformed denominations along with the Reformed Churches in the Netherlands. <P4-S1> The Dutch Reformed Church (in Dutch: Nederlandse Hervormde Kerk or NHK) was the largest Christian denomination in the Netherlands from the onset of the Protestant Reformation until 1930. <SEP> <P5-S0> government phonology, which originated in the early 1980s as an attempt to unify theoretical notions of syntactic and phonological structures, is based on the notion that all languages necessarily follow a small set of principles and vary according to their selection of certain binary parameters. <P5-S1> that is, all languages' phonological structures are essentially the same, but there is restricted variation that accounts for differences in surface realizations. <P5-S2> principles are held to be inviolable, though parameters may sometimes come into conflict. <P5-S3> prominent figures in this field include jonathan kaye, jean lowenstamm, jean-roger vergnaud, monik charette, and john harris.