Question: A ruler once authorized raids against Spanish ports. What is the current population of her birth city?

<P0-S0> paula hayes (born 1958 in concord, massachusetts) is an american visual artist and designer who works with sculpture, drawing, installation art, botany, and landscape design. <P0-S1> hayes has lived and worked in new york city for over two decades and is known for her terrariums and other living artworks, as well as her large-scale public and private landscapes. <P0-S2> a major theme in hayes' work is the connection of people to the natural environment, and much of her work is concerned with the care that is required to grow and maintain large- and small-scale ecosystems. <SEP> <P1-S0> She was educated privately at home. <P1-S1> Elizabeth was born in London to the Duke and Duchess of York, later King George VI and Queen Elizabeth, and was the elder of their two daughters. <P1-S2> Her father acceded to the throne on the abdication of his brother Edward VIII in 1936, from which time she was the heir presumptive. <P1-S3> She began to undertake public duties during World War II, serving in the Auxiliary Territorial Service. <P1-S4> In 1947, she married Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, with whom she has four children: Charles, Anne, Andrew, and Edward. <SEP> <P2-S0> The demographics of the British Isles today are characterised by a generally high density of population in England, which accounts for almost 80% of the total population of the islands. <P2-S1> The largest urban area by far is the Greater London Urban Area with 9 million inhabitants. <P2-S2> In elsewhere on Great Britain and on Ireland, high density of population is limited to areas around, or close to, a few large cities. <P2-S3> Other major populations centres include Greater Manchester Urban Area (2.4 million), West Midlands conurbation (2.4 million), West Yorkshire Urban Area (1.6 million) in England, Greater Glasgow (1.2 million) in Scotland and Greater Dublin Area (1.1 million) in Ireland. <P2-S4> [citation needed] <SEP> <P3-S0> In the meantime the Protestant Reformation had turned England and Catholic Spain into implacable enemies . <P3-S1> No further attempts to establish English colonies in the Americas were made until well into the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, during the last decades of the 16th century. <P3-S2> In 1562, the English Crown encouraged the privateers John Hawkins and Francis Drake to engage in slave-raiding attacks against Spanish and Portuguese ships off the coast of West Africa with the aim of breaking into the Atlantic trade system. <P3-S3> This effort was rebuffed and later, as the Anglo-Spanish Wars intensified, Elizabeth I gave her blessing to further privateering raids against Spanish ports in the Americas and shipping that was returning across the Atlantic, laden with treasure from the New World. <P3-S4> At the same time, influential writers such as Richard Hakluyt and John Dee (who was the first to use the term "British Empire") were beginning to press for the establishment of England's own empire. <P3-S5> By this time, Spain had become the dominant power in the Americas and was exploring the Pacific ocean, Portugal had established trading posts and forts from the coasts of Africa and Brazil to China, and France had begun to settle the Saint Lawrence River area, later to become New France. <SEP> <P4-S0> valencia (/vəˈlɛnsiə/; spanish: [baˈlenθja]), or valència (valencian: [vaˈlensia]), is the capital of the autonomous community of valencia and the third largest city in spain after madrid and barcelona, with around 800,000 inhabitants in the administrative centre. <P4-S1> its urban area extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of around 1.5 million people. <P4-S2> valencia is spain's third largest metropolitan area, with a population ranging from 1.7 to 2.5 million. <P4-S3> the city has global city status. <P4-S4> the port of valencia is the 5th busiest container port in europe and the busiest container port on the mediterranean sea.