Question: Which American author was chosen as the Nobel laureate in October 1976?

<P0-S0> Dr. Prof. Saleem H. Ali (born, 1973) is a Pakistani American Australian scholar who is the Blue and Gold Distinguished Professor of Energy and the Environment at the University of Delaware. <P0-S1>  He has also held the Chair in Sustainable Resources Development at the University of Queensland in Brisbane Australia where he retains affiliation as a Professorial Research Fellow. <P0-S2>  He is also a Senior Fellow at Columbia University's Center on Sustainable Investment. <P0-S3>  Previously he was Professor of Environmental Studies at the University of Vermont's Rubenstein School of Natural Resources, and the founding director of the Institute for Environmental Diplomacy and Security as well as a Fellow at the Gund Institute. <P0-S4>  He is known for his work on environmental conflict resolution, particularly in the extractive industries and was profiled in Forbes magazine in September, 2009 as "The Alchemist." <P0-S5>  His book "Treasures of the Earth: Need Greed and a Sustainable Future" (Yale University Press, October, 2009) received a cover endorsement by Nobel laureate Muhammad Yunus for providing a " welcome linkage between environmental behavior and poverty alleviation." <P0-S6>  In May 2010, he was also chosen by National Geographic as an "emerging explorer" with a profile appearing in the June 2010 issue of National Geographic Magazine. <P0-S7>  In March 2011, he was also selected by the World Economic Forum as a "Young Global Leader." <SEP> <P1-S0>  The first novel Bellow published after winning the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1976, it is set in Chicago and Bucharest. <P1-S1>  The book's main character, Albert Corde, a meditative academic who faces a crisis, accompanies his Romanian-born astrophysicist wife to her Communist-ruled native country, where they deal with the death of his mother-in-law. <P1-S2>  This sojourn allows Corde to observe the workings of a totalitarian regime in particular and the Eastern Bloc in general, a perspective which provides him with insight into the human condition. <P1-S3> The Dean's December is a 1982 novel by the American author Saul Bellow. <SEP> <P2-S0>  The academy announces the name of the chosen laureate in early October. <P2-S1> Since 1901, the Nobel Prize in Literature (Swedish: "Nobelpriset i litteratur" ) has been awarded annually to an author from any country who has, in the words of the will of Alfred Nobel, produced "in the field of literature the most outstanding work in an ideal direction" (original Swedish: "den som inom litteraturen har producerat det mest framstående verket i en idealisk riktning"). <P2-S2>  Though individual works are sometimes cited as being particularly noteworthy, here "work" refers to an author's work as a whole. <P2-S3>  The Swedish Academy decides who, if anyone, will receive the prize in any given year. <P2-S4>  It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895; the others are the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Peace Prize, and Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. <SEP> <P3-S0> Wole Soyinka Prize for Literature in Africa is a pan-African writing prize awarded biennially to the best literary work produced by an African. <P3-S1>  It was established by the Lumina Foundation in 2005 in honour of Africa's first Nobel Laureate in literature, Wole Soyinka, who presents the prize, which is chosen by an international jury of literary figures. <P3-S2>  Administered by the Lumina Foundation, the prize has been described as "the African equivalent of the Nobel Prize".