Question: Who was the mother of the ruler, under whom the empire that conquered the country who acquired New France from France, reached its greatest extent?

<P0-S0> the study also found that there were two previously unknown but related clades (genetic branches) of the y. pestis genome associated with medieval mass graves. <P0-S1> these clades (which are thought to be extinct) were found to be ancestral to modern isolates of the modern y. pestis strains y. p. orientalis and y. p. medievalis, suggesting the plague may have entered europe in two waves. <P0-S2> surveys of plague pit remains in france and england indicate the first variant entered europe through the port of marseille around november 1347 and spread through france over the next two years, eventually reaching england in the spring of 1349, where it spread through the country in three epidemics. <P0-S3> surveys of plague pit remains from the dutch town of bergen op zoom showed the y. pestis genotype responsible for the pandemic that spread through the low countries from 1350 differed from that found in britain and france, implying bergen op zoom (and possibly other parts of the southern netherlands) was not directly infected from england or france in 1349 and suggesting a second wave of plague, different from those in britain and france, may have been carried to the low countries from norway, the hanseatic cities or another site. <SEP> <P1-S0> Hiberni (Ireland), Pictish (northern Britain) and Britons (southern Britain) tribes, all speaking Insular Celtic, inhabited the islands at the beginning of the 1st millennium AD. <P1-S1> The first Anglo-Saxons arrived as Roman power waned in the 5th century and eventually dominated the bulk of what is now England. <P1-S2> Viking invasions began in the 9th century, followed by more permanent settlements and political change—particularly in England. <P1-S3> The subsequent Norman conquest of England in 1066 and the later Angevin partial conquest of Ireland from 1169 led to the imposition of a new Norman ruling elite across much of Britain and parts of Ireland. <P1-S4> By the Late Middle Ages, Great Britain was separated into the Kingdoms of England and Scotland, while control in Ireland fluxed between Gaelic kingdoms, Hiberno-Norman lords and the English-dominated Lordship of Ireland, soon restricted only to The Pale. <P1-S5> Much of Brittonic-controlled Britain was conquered by the Roman Empire from AD 43. <P1-S6> The 1603 Union of the Crowns, Acts of Union 1707 and Acts of Union 1800 attempted to consolidate Britain and Ireland into a single political unit, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, with the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands remaining as Crown Dependencies. <P1-S7> The expansion of the British Empire and migrations following the Irish Famine and Highland Clearances resulted in the distribution of the islands' population and culture throughout the world and a rapid de-population of Ireland in the second half of the 19th century. <P1-S8> Most of Ireland seceded from the United Kingdom after the Irish War of Independence and the subsequent Anglo-Irish Treaty (1919–1922), with six counties remaining in the UK as Northern Ireland. <SEP> <P2-S0> Marcus Ulpius Traianus was born on 18 September 53AD in the Roman province of Hispania Baetica (in what is now Andalusia in modern Spain), in the city of Italica (now in the municipal area of Santiponce, in the outskirts of Seville). <P2-S1> Although frequently designated the first provincial emperor, and dismissed by later writers such as Cassius Dio (himself of provincial origin) as "an Iberian, and neither an Italian nor even an Italiot", Trajan appears to have hailed on his father's side from the area of Tuder (modern Todi) in Umbria, at the border with Etruria, and on his mother's side from the Gens Marcia, of an Italic family of Sabine origin. <P2-S2> Trajan's birthplace of Italica was founded as a Roman military colony of "Italian" settlers in 206BC, though it is unknown when the Ulpii arrived there. <P2-S3> It is possible, but cannot be substantiated, that Trajan's ancestors married local women and lost their citizenship at some point, but they certainly recovered their status when the city became a municipium with Latin citizenship in the mid-1st century BC. <SEP> <P3-S0> under the terms of the concluding treaty of versailles signed in 1919, the empire reached its greatest extent with the addition of 1,800,000 square miles (4,700,000 km2) and 13 million new subjects. <P3-S1> the colonies of germany and the ottoman empire were distributed to the allied powers as league of nations mandates. <P3-S2> britain gained control of palestine, transjordan, iraq, parts of cameroon and togo, and tanganyika. <P3-S3> the dominions themselves also acquired mandates of their own: the union of south africa gained south-west africa (modern-day namibia), australia gained german new guinea, and new zealand western samoa. <P3-S4> nauru was made a combined mandate of britain and the two pacific dominions. <SEP> <P4-S0> The imperial period of Rome lasted approximately 1,500 years compared to the 500 years of the Republican era. <P4-S1> The first two centuries of the empire's existence were a period of unprecedented political stability and prosperity known as the Pax Romana, or ``Roman Peace ''. <P4-S2> Following Octavian's victory, the size of the empire was dramatically increased. <P4-S3> After the assassination of Caligula in AD 41, the Senate briefly considered restoring the republic, but the Praetorian Guard proclaimed Claudius emperor instead. <P4-S4> The empire reached its greatest extent under Trajan, the second in this line. <P4-S5> Under Claudius, the empire invaded Britannia, its first major expansion since Augustus. <P4-S6> After Claudius' successor, Nero, committed suicide in AD 68, the empire suffered a series of brief civil wars, as well as a concurrent major rebellion in Judea, during which four different legionary generals were proclaimed emperor. <P4-S7> Vespasian emerged triumphant in AD 69, establishing the Flavian dynasty, before being succeeded by his son Titus, who opened the Colosseum shortly after the eruption of Mount Vesuvius. <P4-S8> His short reign was followed by the long reign of his brother Domitian, who was eventually assassinated. <P4-S9> The Senate then appointed the first of the Five Good Emperors. <SEP> <P5-S0> The signing of the Treaty of Paris (1763) had important consequences for the future of the British Empire. <P5-S1> In North America, France's future as a colonial power there was effectively ended with the recognition of British claims to Rupert's Land, and the ceding of New France to Britain (leaving a sizeable French-speaking population under British control) and Louisiana to Spain. <P5-S2> Spain ceded Florida to Britain. <P5-S3> The British and French struggles in India became but one theatre of the global Seven Years' War (1756–1763) involving France, Britain and the other major European powers. <P5-S4> Along with its victory over France in India, the Seven Years' War therefore left Britain as the world's most powerful maritime power.