Question: The Königsberg fortifications were erected due to the vulnerability during which war of 1563-1721?

<P0-S0>  They make up the First and the Second Defensive Belt, built in 1626—1634 and 1843—1859, respectively. <P0-S1>  The 15 metre-thick First Belt was erected due to Königsberg's vulnerability during the Polish–Swedish wars. <P0-S2>  The Second Belt was largely constructed on the place of the first one, which was in a bad condition. <P0-S3> The fortifications of the former East Prussian capital Königsberg (now Kaliningrad) consist of numerous defensive walls, forts, bastions and other structures. <P0-S4>  The new belt included twelve bastions, three ravelins, seven spoil banks and two fortresses, surrounded by water moat. <P0-S5>  Ten brick gates served as entrances and passages through defensive lines and were equipped with moveable bridges. <SEP> <P1-S0> In its broadest sense, social vulnerability is one dimension of vulnerability to multiple stressors and shocks, including abuse, social exclusion and natural hazards. <P1-S1>  Social vulnerability refers to the inability of people, organizations, and societies to withstand adverse impacts from multiple stressors to which they are exposed. <P1-S2>  These impacts are due in part to characteristics inherent in social interactions, institutions, and systems of cultural values. <SEP> <P2-S0>  Broadly construed, the term refers to a series of wars between 1563 and 1721. <P2-S1> The Polish–Swedish Wars were a series of wars between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and Sweden. <P2-S2>  More narrowly, it refers to particular wars between 1600 and 1629. <P2-S3>  These are the wars included under the broader use of the term: <SEP> <P3-S0> The Krepost Sveaborg was an Imperial Russian system of land and coastal fortifications constructed around Helsinki during the First World War. <P3-S1>  The purpose of the fortress was to provide a secure naval base for the Russian Baltic fleet and to protect Helsinki and block routes to Saint Petersburg from a possible German invasion. <P3-S2>  Krepost Sveaborg was part of Peter the Great's Naval Fortress, a coastal fortification system protecting access to Saint Petersburg by sea. <P3-S3>  The central part of Krepost Sveaborg was the old fortress of Suomenlinna where the fortress headquarters were located. <P3-S4>  Due to technological advances in artillery the old fortress was no longer capable of providing a sufficient protection, and a new main defensive line was built well beyond the old fortress boundaries. <P3-S5>  New coastal artillery guns built on outlying islands protected Krepost Sveaborg from the sea, while fortified lines constructed around Helsinki were intended to stop any attacks on land. <P3-S6>  The primary coastal guns were 10 in model 1891 guns and 6 in model 1892 Canet guns. Older 11 in model 1877 guns were also used. <P3-S7>  In summer 1917 the fortress had two hundred coastal or anti-landing guns, of which 24 were 10-inch guns in six batteries, 16 were 6-inch Canet guns in four batteries and twelve were 11-inch guns in three batteries. <P3-S8>  The artillery used in land fortifications included older coastal guns, old fixed carriage guns and newer light field guns. <P3-S9>  In March 1917, Krepost Sveaborg had a total of 463 guns, although many of them were obsolescent. <P3-S10>  Krepost Sveaborg was still partly incomplete in 1917 when the February Revolution halted most of the construction work. <P3-S11>  Some further construction work was carried out during the remaining year, but all work halted during the October Revolution. <P3-S12>  Following the Finnish Declaration of Independence, parts of the land fortifications were used in the Finnish Civil War. <P3-S13>  The coastal fortifications were later taken over by Finland to protect Helsinki, while the land fortifications were mostly abandoned and disarmed.