winkelee/scaling-down huggingface dataset:
Question: In what year was the second edition of the role playing game for which Ross Watson was the Lead Developer?

<P0-S0> Ross Watson (born May 22, 1975) is a designer of computer, miniature and role-playing games and a writer in various genres. <P0-S1>  Watson worked on the Warhammer 40,000 Roleplay line as the Lead Developer for Dark Heresy, was the lead designer for Rogue Trader and Deathwatch, and was part of the design team for Black Crusade. <P0-S2>  He was the lead developer for both Aaron Allston's Strike Force and Savage Worlds Rifts. <P0-S3>  His written works include the Accursed and Weird War I settings for Savage Worlds, contributions to the Star Wars: Edge of the Empire RPG, and the video games Darksiders II, , and . <P0-S4>  Watson has designed rules and scenarios for miniature game lines, such as Dust Warfare, and he has written for several card games, including , Empire Engine, and the Lost Legacy series. <SEP> <P1-S0> Dark Heresy is a role-playing game published by Black Industries in 2008 that uses the "Warhammer 40,000 Roleplay" system. <P1-S1>  A second edition was published in 2014 under Fantasy Flight Games. <SEP> <P2-S0> GURPS Bio-Tech is a GURPS, the Generic Universal Role Playing Game, sourcebook that covers the implementation of biotechnology in the game. <P2-S1>  The first edition of the book was written for GURPS Third Edition, while the second edition of GURPS Bio-Tech was written for GURPS Fourth Edition. <P2-S2>  Both editions of the game are primarily focused on providing supplemental rules, campaign material, and examples of the uses of biotechnology for the players and game-master alike. <P2-S3>  The second edition contains two outlines for campaign settings ("Alexander Athanatos" and "Draconis") but is primarily focused on providing rules and examples of devices that Game Masters could adapt for use in their own campaigns. <SEP> <P3-S0> Hiromichi Tanaka (田中 弘道 , Tanaka Hiromichi , born January 7, 1962) is a Japanese video game developer, game producer, game director and game designer. <P3-S1>  He was Senior Vice President of Software Development at Square Enix (formerly Square) and the head of the company's Product Development Division-3. <P3-S2>  He is best known as the former lead developer of "Final Fantasy XI", Square's first massively multiplayer online role playing game (MMORPG). <P3-S3>  He oversaw ongoing development of that title and "Final Fantasy XIV" until late 2010. <P3-S4>  He also recently led the development of the Nintendo DS version of "Final Fantasy III", having worked in a senior role on the original version of the game in 1990.
Question: Which is breed of dog is recognized by more organizations: the Black and Tan Coonhound, the Rafeiro do Alentejo, or neither?

<P0-S0>  Although the word "rafeiro" means "mongrel" in Portuguese, the Rafeiro do Alentejo is recognized as a breed by the Portuguese Caniculture Club and the Fédération Cynologique Internationale. <P0-S1> The Rafeiro do Alentejo or Alentejo Mastiff, also called the Portuguese Mastiff, is a large breed of dog that originated in Portugal. <P0-S2>  The Rafeiro do Alentejo is of the livestock guardian dog type, and the name refers to its area of origin, Alentejo, in south-central Portugal. <SEP> <P1-S0> The Black and Tan Virginia Foxhound is an American foxhound breed. <P1-S1>  It resulted of a cross breed with Bloodhounds in the 1700s. <P1-S2>  The breed was developed by the landed gentry in order to get a dog suitable for fox hunting. <P1-S3>  Besides the Black and Tan there are the Walker, Calhoun, Penn-Marydel, Goodman, July and Trigg, which all developed from similar crosses. <P1-S4>  The Black and Tan is believed to descend form hunting dogs imported to America by Robert Brooke in 1650. <P1-S5>  These hunting dogs were the ancestors of several varieties of American hounds and stayed with the Brooke family for more than 300 years. <P1-S6>  Afterwards French Foxhounds were bred in after George Washington received them as gifts from the Marquis de Lafayette. <P1-S7>  Much later, the breed's speed and stamina were improved introducing Irish Foxhounds. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Cão da Serra de Aires (FCI no. 93) is a medium-sized breed of dog of the herding dog type, and is one of the indigenous regional dogs of Portugal. <P2-S1>  Called the "Portuguese Sheepdog" in English, the original name refers to the Serra de Aires, a mountain near Monforte in the Alentejo region, often mistaken winth the "Serra d'Aire" a range of hills or mountains marking the boundary between Ribatejo and Oeste, north of the Tagus river. <P2-S2>  The breed is nicknamed the "cão macaco" (monkey dog, referring to the macaque or monkey) for its furry face and lively attitude. <SEP> <P3-S0>  Developed in the United States from crosses between the Bloodhound and the Black and Tan Virginia Foxhound, this coonhound runs its game entirely by scent and is used primarily for coon hunting. <P3-S1> The Black and Tan Coonhound is a breed of dog.
Question: Baseball Hall of Fame balloting for 2001 elected the player who is now special assistant to the executive director of what group?

<P0-S0> David Mark Winfield (born October 3, 1951) is an American former Major League Baseball (MLB) right fielder. <P0-S1>  He is currently special assistant to the executive director of the Major League Baseball Players Association. <P0-S2>  Over his 22-year career, he played for six teams: the San Diego Padres, New York Yankees, California Angels, Toronto Blue Jays, Minnesota Twins, and Cleveland Indians. <P0-S3>  He had the winning hit in the 1992 World Series with the Blue Jays over the Atlanta Braves. <SEP> <P1-S0> José de la Caridad Méndez (March 19, 1887 – October 31, 1928) was a Cuban right-handed pitcher and manager in baseball's Negro Leagues. <P1-S1>  Born in Cárdenas, Matanzas, he died at age 41 in Havana. <P1-S2>  Known in Cuba as "El Diamante Negro" (the "Black Diamond"), he became a legend in his homeland. <P1-S3>  He was one of the first group of players elected to the Cuban Baseball Hall of Fame in 1939. <P1-S4>  He was elected to the U.S. National Baseball Hall of Fame in 2006. <SEP> <P2-S0> Albert Fred "Red" Schoendienst ( ; born February 2, 1923) is an American Major League Baseball (MLB) coach, and former player and manager. <P2-S1>  An outstanding second baseman, he played for 19 years with the St. Louis Cardinals (1945–56, 1961–63), New York Giants (1956–57) and Milwaukee Braves (1957–60), and was named to 10 All Star teams. <P2-S2>  He then managed the Cardinals from 1965 through 1976 - the second-longest managerial tenure in the team's history (behind Tony La Russa). <P2-S3>  Under his direction, St. Louis won the 1967 and 1968 National League pennants and the 1967 World Series, and he was named National League Manager of the Year in both 1967 and 1968. <P2-S4>  He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1989. <P2-S5>  Schoendienst remains with the Cardinals as a special assistant coach; as of 2017 he has worn a Major League uniform as a player, coach, or manager for 73 consecutive seasons. <SEP> <P3-S0>  The Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) voted by mail to select from recent major league players and elected two: Kirby Puckett and Dave Winfield. <P3-S1> Elections to the Baseball Hall of Fame for 2001 followed the system in use since 1995. <P3-S2>  The Veterans Committee met in closed sessions and selected two people from multiple classified ballots: Bill Mazeroski and Hilton Smith.
Question: What is the name of this ongoing construction project, which consists of a series of bridges and tunnels and located some 32 km south of the planned Shenzhen-Zhongshan Bridge?

<P0-S0>  The 50 km link is expected to cost US$10.6 billion (HK$83 billion). <P0-S1> The Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge (HKZMB) () is an ongoing construction project which consists of a series of bridges and tunnels crossing the Lingdingyang channel that will connect Hong Kong, Macau and Zhuhai, three major cities on the Pearl River Delta in China, the final tunnel joint having been installed on the 2nd of May, 2017. <P0-S2>  With its length, it would become one of the landmarks within the area. <P0-S3>  The longest bridge section will be 29.6 km long and will include three cable-stayed spans between 280 and . <SEP> <P1-S0>  It will consist of a series of bridges and tunnels, starting from Bao'an International Airport on the Shenzhen side. <P1-S1>  The proposed 51 km eight-lane link is scheduled to be completed in 2021 and is expected to cost around US$4.83 billion. <P1-S2> The Shenzhen–Zhongshan Bridge is a planned construction project to connect two major cities on the Pearl River Delta (PRD) in China: the city of Shenzhen on the eastern side of the PRD, and the city of Zhongshan on the western side. <P1-S3>  It will be located about 27 km downriver from the Humen Bridge, the only current bridge crossing of the delta, and some 32 km north of the new Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge, which is currently under construction and will link the cities of Hong Kong, Zhuhai, and Macau at the southern end of the PRD, scheduled for completion in 2016. <SEP> <P2-S0> Andrićgrad (, meaning "Andrić's town") is the name of an ongoing construction project located in Višegrad, Bosnia and Herzegovina by director Emir Kusturica. <P2-S1>  The town is dedicated to Yugoslav novelist Ivo Andrić, Nobel prize winner. <SEP> <P3-S0> The construction of Arlington Memorial Bridge was a seven-year construction project in Washington, D.C., in the United States to construct the Arlington Memorial Bridge across the Potomac River. <P3-S1>  The bridge was authorized by Congress in February 1925, and was completed in January 1932. <P3-S2>  As a memorial, its decorative features were extensive and intricate, and resolving the design issues over these details took many years. <P3-S3>  Tall columns and pylons topped by statuary, Greek Revival temple-like structures, and statue groups were proposed for the ends of the bridge. <P3-S4>  Carvings and inscriptions were planned for the sides of the bridge, and extensive statuary for the bridge piers.
Question: Who is the writer of the bestselling book series Gone  and "Soldier Girls"?

<P0-S0> GI Brides: The Wartime Girls Who Crossed the Atlantic for Love is a bestselling book by Duncan Barrett and Nuala Calvi, authors of "The Sugar Girls". <P0-S1>  It was published by HarperCollins on 29 August 2013. <SEP> <P1-S0> Stephen McConnell "Steve" Case (born August 21, 1958) is an American entrepreneur, investor, and businessman best known as the co-founder and former chief executive officer and chairman of America Online (AOL). <P1-S1>  Since his retirement as chairman of AOL Time Warner in 2003, he has gone on to invest in early and growth-stage startups through his Washington, D.C. based venture capital firm Revolution LLC. <P1-S2>  Case authored "The Third Wave: An Entrepreneur's Vision of the Future" which became a New York Times bestselling book in 2016. <P1-S3>  Case recently gave a fireside chat at TechCrunch Disrupt NYC, on May 16, 2017, titled "Building Silicon Valley Outside of the Valley." <SEP> <P2-S0> Gone is a bestselling book series written by Michael Grant. <SEP> <P3-S0> Front Lines is a young adult historical novel by the American writer Michael Grant, who is most famous for his dystopian young adult fictional series The Gone Series. <P3-S1>  It is written from the viewpoint of three girls, Rio Richlin, Frangie Marr, and Rainy Schulterman. <P3-S2>  The series was originally titled "Soldier Girls".
Question: In the American television sitcom that chronicles the coming-of-age events and everyday life-lessons of Cory Matthews, what American actress and designer made a guest appearance on the show?

<P0-S0> Boy Meets World is an American television sitcom that chronicles the coming of age events and everyday life-lessons of Cory Matthews (Ben Savage). <P0-S1>  The show aired from 1993 to 2000 on ABC, part of the network's TGIF lineup for seven seasons. <SEP> <P1-S0>  The show follows Cory and his friends and family through seven seasons, from his middle school days as a pre-pubescent child to his life in college as a married man. <P1-S1>  The show aired from 1993 to 2000 on ABC, part of the network's TGIF lineup. <P1-S2>  The entire series has since been released on DVD, as well as on iTunes. <P1-S3>  A sequel titled "Girl Meets World", focusing on Cory and Topanga and their teen daughter Riley, ran on Disney Channel from June 27, 2014, to January 20, 2017. <P1-S4> Boy Meets World is an American television sitcom that chronicles the coming-of-age events and everyday life-lessons of Cory Matthews (portrayed by Ben Savage). <SEP> <P2-S0> Portia Lee James DeGeneres (born Amanda Lee Rogers; January 31, 1973), also known professionally as Portia de Rossi ( ), is an Australian and American actress, model, and philanthropist. <P2-S1>  She appeared as a regular cast member on the American political thriller television series "Scandal" in the role of Elizabeth North from 2014 to 2017. <P2-S2>  She is also known for her roles as lawyer Nelle Porter on the American television series "Ally McBeal"—for which she won a Screen Actors Guild Award in 1999—and as Lindsay Fünke on the American television sitcom "Arrested Development." <P2-S3>  She also portrayed Veronica Palmer on the ABC television sitcom "Better Off Ted", and Olivia Lord on the television drama "Nip/Tuck". <P2-S4>  De Rossi is married to comedian and television host Ellen DeGeneres. <SEP> <P3-S0>  She made her film debut in the 1984 film "Gimme an 'F'". <P3-S1>  Wilcox is best known for her role as Alice Johnson in "" (1988) and the 1989 sequel "". <P3-S2>  Wilcox is also known for her role as Yuta in an episode of "" called "The Vengeance Factor" (1989). <P3-S3>  She subsequently starred in "Men Seeking Women" (1997), "Watchers Reborn" (1998), "Clinger" (2015), and "The Church" (2016). <P3-S4>  Wilcox has had guest appearances on several television series, such as "Knots Landing" (1989), "Boy Meets World" (1993-95), as well as a lead role on "Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventures" (1992). <P3-S5> Lisa E. Wilcox (born April 27, 1964) is an American actress and designer. <P3-S6>  In 2009, Wilcox portrayed Nurse Owens in the web series "Fear Clinic". <P3-S7>  In 2010, Wilcox appeared as herself in the documentary "".
Question: Who was the monk of noble birth that was elected dean of the monestary founded by Saint Othmar on the spot where Saint Gall had erected his hermitage?

<P0-S0> The Abbey Library of Saint Gall was founded by Saint Othmar, the founder of the Abbey of St. Gall. <P0-S1>  During a fire in 937, the Abbey was destroyed, but the library remained intact. <P0-S2>  In 1983 the library together with the Abbey of St. Gall were made a World Heritage Site, as 'a perfect example of a great Carolingian monastery'. <SEP> <P1-S0> The Abbey of Saint Gall (German: Abtei St. Gallen ) is a dissolved abbey (747–1805) in a Roman Catholic religious complex in the city of St. Gallen in Switzerland. <P1-S1>  The Carolingian-era monastery has existed since 719 and became an independent principality between 9th and 13th centuries, and was for many centuries one of the chief Benedictine abbeys in Europe. <P1-S2>  The library at the Abbey is one of the richest medieval libraries in the world. <P1-S3>  The city of St. Gallen originated as an adjoining settlement of the abbey. <P1-S4>  Following the secularization of the abbey around 1800 the former Abbey church became a Cathedral in 1848. <P1-S5>  Since 1983 the whole remaining abbey precinct has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site. <P1-S6>  It was founded by Saint Othmar on the spot where Saint Gall had erected his hermitage. <SEP> <P2-S0> Ekkehard V (died c. 1220), called "Minimus" (the Least), was a monk of the Abbey of Saint Gall. <P2-S1>  He is the last of the Saint Gall Ekkehards, and flourished towards the end of the twelfth, and the beginning of the thirteenth, century. <P2-S2>  No particulars are known concerning his life, and tradition is silent as to his origin, the year of his birth and of his death. <P2-S3>  He was dean of the abbey in the reign of Innocent III. <SEP> <P3-S0>  He was of noble birth, of the Jonschwyl family in Toggenburg, and was educated in the monastery of St. Gall; after joining the Benedictine Order, he was appointed director of the inner school there. <P3-S1>  Later, under Abbot Kralo, who trusted him implicitly, he was elected dean of the monastery, and for a while directed all the affairs of the abbey. <P3-S2> Ekkehard I (Latin: "Eccehardus" ; died 14 January 973), called "Major" or "Senex" (the Elder), was a monk of the Abbey of Saint Gall.
Question: Edward Michael Behrens was an early patron of an artist whose lover comitted suicide in what year?

<P0-S0> Howard Chesner Behrens (August 20, 1933 – April 14, 2014) was American popular artist whose original works of art are sold in fine art galleries, at auction on cruise ships, and at Costco. <P0-S1>  Behrens' limited and open editions are sold internationally. <P0-S2>  Behrens was also one of the top-selling artists on Princess Cruises. <SEP> <P1-S0> Bacon took up painting in his late 30s, having drifted as an interior decorator, "bon vivant" and gambler. <P1-S1>  He said that his artistic career was delayed because he spent too long looking for subject matter that could sustain his interest. <P1-S2>  His breakthrough came with the 1944 triptych "Three Studies for Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion", which sealed his reputation as a uniquely bleak chronicler of the human condition. <P1-S3>  From the mid-1960s he mainly produced portraits of friends and drinking companions, either as single or triptych panels. <P1-S4>  Following the 1971 suicide of his lover George Dyer, his art became more sombre, inward-looking and preoccupied with the passage of time and death. <P1-S5>  The climax of this later period is marked by masterpieces, including his 1982's "Study for Self-Portrait" and "Study for a Self-Portrait—Triptych, 1985–86". <SEP> <P2-S0> Alice Perrers (1348–1400) was a fourteenth-century English royal mistress whose lover and patron was King Edward III of England. <P2-S1>  She met him originally in her capacity as a lady-in-waiting to Edward's consort, Philippa of Hainault. <P2-S2>  She went on to become the wealthiest woman in the land. <P2-S3>  However, she was despised by many and was accused of taking advantage of the far older king with her youth, beauty, and opportunistic character. <SEP> <P3-S0>  Through his ownership of the Hanover Gallery, he was an early patron of the artist Francis Bacon. <P3-S1> Edward Michael Behrens (15 September 1911 - January 1989) was a British financier, banker, stockbroker, and restaurant and gallery owner, who became co-owner of the Ionian Bank.
Question:  MS "Freedom of the Seas" is a cruise ship operated by a cruise line operating how many ships?

<P0-S0> Imperial Majesty Cruise Line was a budget cruise line that had operated 2 and 3 day voyages out of Port Everglades, Florida to Nassau, Bahamas. <P0-S1>  The company was founded in 1999. <P0-S2>  The cruise line attracted both vacationers and vintage ship fans from around the world. <P0-S3>  The cruise line's current operations ended on March 9, 2009, when the Regal Empress was retired. <P0-S4>  In that same week, its operations were replaced by another cruise line operating for the same company that Imperial Majesty was part of. <SEP> <P1-S0> Royal Caribbean International is a cruise line brand founded in Norway and based in Miami, Florida, United States. <P1-S1>  It is owned by Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd. <P1-S2>  s of March 2017 , the line is operating 24 ships, has six additional ships on order, and controls 21.9 percent of the cruise market worldwide. <P1-S3>  All ships under the Royal Caribbean International brand have names ending with "of the Seas" (e.g. "Empress of the Seas" ) a practice which began in 1991. <SEP> <P2-S0> MS "Independence of the Seas" is a "Freedom"-class cruise ship operated by the Royal Caribbean cruise line that entered service in April 2008. <P2-S1>  The 15-deck ship can accommodate 4,370 passengers and is served by 1,360 crew. <P2-S2>  She was built in the Aker Finnyards Turku Shipyard, Finland, builder of "Freedom of the Seas "and "Liberty of the Seas", her sister ships of the "Freedom "class. <P2-S3>  At 154,407 GT, she joined "Freedom of the Seas" and "Liberty of the Seas" as the largest cruise ships and passenger vessels yet built. <P2-S4>  She is 1112 ft long, and typically cruises at 21.6 kn . <P2-S5>  The vessel operates from Fort Lauderdale, Florida during the Fall and Winter months and Southampton, England during the Spring and Summer months. <SEP> <P3-S0> MS "Freedom of the Seas" is a cruise ship operated by Royal Caribbean International. <P3-S1>  It is the namesake of Royal Caribbean's "Freedom" class, and can accommodate 3,634 passengers and 1,300 crew on fifteen passenger decks. <P3-S2>  "Freedom of the Seas" was the largest passenger ship ever built (by gross tonnage) from 2006 until construction of the Royal Caribbean International's "Oasis"-class ships in late 2009.
Question: Which leading US university is longer established: University of Chicago or University of Iowa?

<P0-S0> The University of Chicago (U of C, Chicago, or UChicago) is a private research university in Chicago, Illinois established in 1890, which holds top-ten positions in numerous national and international rankings. <SEP> <P1-S0>  Founded in 1847, it is the oldest university in the state. <P1-S1> The University of Iowa (also known as the UI, U of I, UIowa, or simply Iowa) is a flagship public research university in Iowa City, Iowa. <P1-S2>  Iowa is the second largest university in the state of Iowa, behind Iowa State University. <P1-S3>  University of Iowa is organized into eleven colleges offering more than 200 areas of study and seven professional degrees. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Lord President of Connaught was a military leader with wide-ranging powers, reaching into the civil sphere, in the English government of Connaught in Ireland, in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. <P2-S1>  The office was created in 1569, and in 1604 was reconstituted with full powers to hear all civil suits, to impose martial law and to proceed with "fire and sword" against the King's enemies. <P2-S2>  The width of his powers gave rise to clashes with the longer established courts: in 1622 he and the Lord President of Munster were ordered not to "intermeddle' in cases which were properly within the remit of those courts. <P2-S3>  He was assisted by a council whose members included the Chief Justice of Connacht, one or two associate justices and the Attorney General for the Province. <P2-S4>  The office was abolished in 1672. <SEP> <P3-S0> The Lords Spiritual of the United Kingdom are the 26 bishops of the established Church of England who serve in the House of Lords along with the Lords Temporal. <P3-S1>  The Church of Scotland, which is Presbyterian, and the Anglican churches in Wales and Northern Ireland, which are no longer established churches, are not represented.
Question: Which magazine was issued first The Believer or OK! ?

<P0-S0>  is a British weekly magazine specialising mainly in reality TV news. <P0-S1>  Originally launched as a monthly, its first issue was published in April 1993. <P0-S2>  The editor from July 2013 is Kirsty Tyler, associate editor Phil Gould, lifestyle editor Natalie Posner, acting fashion and beauty editor Natalie Ticehurst, social editor Mark Moody, picture editor Tarkan Algin. <P0-S3>  In September 2004, "OK"! <P0-S4>  publishers Northern and Shell launched in Australia as a monthly title – the magazine went weekly in October 2006. <P0-S5> OK! <P0-S6>  In 2005, a US version was launched, followed by an Indian edition in May 2006, a Spanish-language version in Mexico in 2006, a Bulgarian-language version in 2007 and a Spanish edition in 2008. <SEP> <P1-S0>  Founded by the writers Heidi Julavits, Vendela Vida, and Ed Park in 2003, the magazine is a five-time finalist for the National Magazine Award, with contributors ranging from literary luminaries such as Hilton Als, Anne Carson, Nick Hornby, Susan Straight, and William T. Vollmann to emerging talents for whom the magazine has been a proving ground, including Eula Biss, Gideon Lewis-Kraus, Leslie Jamison, Rachel Kaadzi Ghansah, Kent Russell, and Rivka Galchen. <P1-S1> The Believer is a bi-monthly magazine of interviews, essays, and reviews. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Word was an individualist anarchist free love magazine founded in 1872. <P2-S1>  The magazine was edited by Ezra Heywood and Angela Heywood's from 1872-1890, 1892-1893, issued first from Princeton and then from Cambridge, Massachusetts. <P2-S2>  "The Word" was subtitled "A Monthly Journal of Reform," and it included contributions from Josiah Warren, Benjamin Tucker, and Joshua K. Ingalls. <P2-S3>  Initially, "The Word" presented free love as a minor theme which was expressed within a labor reform format. <P2-S4>  But the publication later evolved into an explicitly free love periodical. <P2-S5>  At some point Tucker became an important contributor but later became dissatisfied with the journal's focus on free love since he desired a concentration on economics. <SEP> <P3-S0> Andrew Wise (fl. <P3-S1>  1589 – 1603), or Wyse or Wythes, was a London publisher of the Elizabethan era who issued first editions of five Shakespearean plays. <P3-S2>  "No other London stationer invested in Shakespeare as assiduously as Wise did, at least while Shakespeare was still alive."
Question: Which group is credited with laying the groundwork for this extreme genre of music that originated in the early to mid-1980s, which Citizens Arrest blended in their music?

<P0-S0> Sludge metal (also known as sludgecore or simply sludge) is an extreme style of music that originated through combining elements of doom metal and hardcore punk. <P0-S1>  It is also influenced by industrial music and noise rock, such as the work of early Swans, and may reflect both the dissonance and the experimental leanings of these styles. <P0-S2>  It is typically harsh and abrasive, often featuring shouted or screamed vocals, heavily distorted instruments and sharply contrasting tempos. <P0-S3>  While the Melvins from Washington laid the groundwork for both sludge metal and grunge in the 1980s, sludge as a distinct genre emerged after 1990 through the work of bands from New Orleans, Louisiana, such as Eyehategod, Crowbar, and Acid Bath, who generally borrowed from Southern rock. <P0-S4>  Later bands often border on stoner rock (e.g. High on Fire) or post-metal (e.g. Neurosis). <SEP> <P1-S0> Citizens Arrest is a New York City-based band that existed from 1989 to 1991 and reformed in 2010. <P1-S1>  The group often blended hardcore punk, Grindcore and Powerviolence styles. <P1-S2>  Their main inspiration in the early days of the band were from Boston area hardcore from the 1980s like DYS and SSD. <P1-S3>  They also derived influence from early Powerviolence pioneers, Infest <SEP> <P2-S0> Grindcore is an extreme genre of music that originated in the early to mid-1980s. <P2-S1>  It draws inspiration from some of the most abrasive-sounding genres, including hardcore punk, extreme metal, industrial and noise rock. <P2-S2>  Grindcore is characterized by a noise-filled sound that uses heavily distorted, down-tuned guitars, grinding overdriven bass, high speed tempo, blast beats, and vocals which consist of growls and high-pitched shrieks. <P2-S3>  Early groups like Napalm Death are credited with laying the groundwork for the style. <P2-S4>  It is most prevalent today in North America and Europe, with popular contributors such as Brutal Truth and Nasum. <P2-S5>  Lyrical themes range from a primary focus on social and political concerns, to gory subject matter and black humor. <SEP> <P3-S0> Septic Death was a thrashcore band fronted by artist Brian "Pushead" Schroeder on vocals. <P3-S1>  Septic Death's music became a major influence on bands like Integrity, Von, Citizens Arrest, Infest, Rorschach and many other bands tied to the hardcore punk and extreme metal scenes.
Question: Which board game was released first, The Magic Labyrinth or Through the Desert?

<P0-S0> The Magic Labyrinth is a 2009 board game designed by Dirk Baumann, for two to four players. <SEP> <P1-S0> Risk 2210 A.D. is a 2–5 player board game by Avalon Hill that is a futuristic variant of the classic board game "Risk". <P1-S1>  "Risk 2210 A.D." was designed by Rob Daviau and Craig Van Ness and first released in 2001. <P1-S2>  In 2002, it won the Origins Award for "Best Science Fiction or Fantasy Board Game of 2001". <SEP> <P2-S0> Alhambra (German: Der Palast von Alhambra , literally "The Palace of the Alhambra") is a 2003 tile-based German-style board game designed by Dirk Henn. <P2-S1>  It was originally published in Germany by Queen Games in a language-interdependent version; an English-specific version was released in North America by the now-defunct Überplay. <P2-S2>  The game is an Arabian-themed update, set during the construction of the Alhambra palace in 14th century Granada, of the 1998 stock trading board game "Stimmt So!" <P2-S3> , which in turn was an update of the 1992 mafia influence board game "Al Capone"; the original version was subsequently released as "". <SEP> <P3-S0>  It was originally released in 1998 by German game publisher, Kosmos, under the name "Durch die Wüste". <P3-S1> Through the Desert is a German-style board game designed by Reiner Knizia. <P3-S2>  Players place pastel colored plastic camels on a hexagon-based board in an attempt to score points by capturing watering holes and reaching oases.
Question: The name of the province that the Tengis River flows through gets its name from what?

<P0-S0> Khövsgöl (Mongolian: Хөвсгөл ) is the northernmost of the 21 aimags (provinces) of Mongolia. <P0-S1>  The name is derived from Lake Khövsgöl. <SEP> <P1-S0>  It runs through the western part of "East Taiga", the northern extension of the Darkhad valley. <P1-S1> Tengis River (Mongolian: Тэнгис гол ) is a river in the Tsagaannuur sum of Khövsgöl aimag in northern Mongolia. <P1-S2>  The river starts near the Russian border, in the northernmost tip of Mongolia. <P1-S3>  It ends as a right hand tributiary of the Shishged River. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Marecchia (pronounced ] ) is a river in eastern Italy. <P2-S1>  In ancient times it was known as the "Ariminus" which was from the Greek "Ariminos", "Αρίμινος" (which is also the ancient name of Rimini). <P2-S2>  The source of the river is near Monte dei Frati which is east of Pieve Santo Stefano and southwest of Badia Tedalda in the province of Arezzo in Tuscany. <P2-S3>  It flows northeast into the province of Pesaro and Urbino in the Marche and is the only river that runs through Montefeltro. <P2-S4>  While flowing through Montefeltro, the river flows through the exclave Santa Sofia Marecchia, which belongs to Badia Tedalda. <P2-S5>  The river then flows past Sant'Agata Feltria and Novafeltria before crossing into the province of Rimini in Emilia–Romagna. <P2-S6>  At Torello, part of the commune of San Leo, it flows 1 km west of the Sammarinese territory Acquaviva and the San Marino River flows into it, but the Marecchia does not touch the San Marino border. <P2-S7>  Finally, the river flows past Verucchio and Santarcangelo di Romagna before flowing into the Adriatic Sea near Rimini. <SEP> <P3-S0> The Cheakamus River (pron. <P3-S1>  CHEEK-a-mus) is a tributary of the Squamish River, beginning on the west slopes of Outlier Peak in Garibaldi Provincial Park upstream from Cheakamus Lake on the southeastern outskirts of the resort area of Whistler. <P3-S2>  The river flows into Cheakamus Lake before exiting it and flowing northwest until it turns south and enters Daisy Lake. <P3-S3>  Between the outlet of Daisy Lake and its mouth, much of its length is spent going through Cheakamus Canyon, where the river flows through swift rapids and even one good sized waterfall. <P3-S4>  The river flows south from the lake and through the canyon before joining the Squamish River at Cheekye, a few miles north of the town of Squamish. <P3-S5>  The river's name is an anglicization of the name of Chiyakmesh ("people of the fish weir"), a village of the Squamish people and a reserve of the Squamish Nation.
Question: What was the name of the debut album which contained a single called "I Believe" and was recorded by a 1990s British dance music/rock n'roll band from Cinderford, Gloucestershire?

<P0-S0>  It was the second single from their first album "Schubert Dip". <P0-S1> "I Believe" is a single by British band EMF. <P0-S2>  The song was released as a single in January 1991 in the UK following their big hit "Unbelievable". <P0-S3>  The song reached number six on the UK Singles Chart. <P0-S4>  In the USA, the song was the band's third single following "Lies" as the second. <P0-S5>  It reached number ten on the US Modern Rock chart. <SEP> <P1-S0> "Rock & Roll Band" is a song written by Tom Scholz and first released by the rock band Boston on the band's eponymous debut album. <P1-S1>  It is one of six songs Scholz worked on in his basement in 1974 and 1975 before Boston got its record contract, five of which eventually appeared on the "Boston" album. <P1-S2>  The "Rock and Roll Band" demo was finished in 1974, along with three of the six. <P1-S3>  However, Scholz had begun writing the song years earlier, in the early 1970s. <P1-S4>  The drum parts of this and other early Boston songs were developed by Jim Masdea, but this is the only song on the "Boston" album on which Masdea plays drums. <P1-S5>  Scholz plays clavinet and all the guitar parts, including bass guitar, and Brad Delp sings the vocals. <P1-S6>  Boston would consistently open with "Rock and Roll Band" while playing at live concerts. <SEP> <P2-S0>  During their initial eight-year run from 1989 to 1997, EMF released three studio albums and had gone on hiatus and reformed twice. <P2-S1> EMF is a British dance music/rock n'roll band from Cinderford, Gloucestershire, who came to prominence at the beginning of the 1990s. <P2-S2>  Their first single, "Unbelievable", reached number 3 in the UK Singles Chart, and was a number one hit on the US "Billboard" Hot 100 chart. <P2-S3>  Their debut album, "Schubert Dip", went to number 3 in the UK Albums Chart. <SEP> <P3-S0> "This Is What Rock n' Roll Looks Like" is the debut single of American industrial singer-songwriter Porcelain Black, featuring American rapper Lil Wayne. <P3-S1>  This song serves as the lead single from the singer's debut studio album, "Mannequin Factory". <P3-S2>  Produced by Moroccan-Swedish producer RedOne, who had originally discovered Black, "This Is What Rock n' Roll Looks Like" is influenced by the genre of rock, lyrically stating how the listener should be proud of who they are. <P3-S3>  The song was released digitally in the United States on March 29, 2011, and managed to chart at number forty-four on the US "Billboard" Hot Dance Club Songs.
Question: Pippalada was an ancient Indian Vedic sage who was known to have written which ancient Sanskrit text, embedded inside Atharva Veda?

<P0-S0>  It is a Mukhya (primary) Upanishad, and is listed as number 4 in the Muktika canon of 108 Upanishads of Hinduism. <P0-S1> The Prashna Upanishad (Sanskrit: प्रश्न उपनिषद् , Praśna Upaniṣad ) is an ancient Sanskrit text, embedded inside Atharva Veda, ascribed to "Pippalada" sakha of Vedic scholars. <SEP> <P1-S0> Maitreyi ("friendly one" ) was a Hindu philosopher who lived during the later Vedic period in ancient India. <P1-S1>  She is mentioned in the "Brihadaranyaka Upanishad" as one of two wives of the Vedic sage Yajnavalkya; he is estimated to have lived around the 8th century BCE. <P1-S2>  In the Hindu epic "Mahabharata" and the Gṛhyasūtras, however, Maitreyi is described as an Advaita philosopher who never married. <P1-S3>  In ancient Sanskrit literature, she is known as a "brahmavadini" (an expounder of the "Veda"). <SEP> <P2-S0> Pippalada was an ancient Indian Vedic sage and philosopher in Hindu mythology. <P2-S1>  He is known to have written the Prashna Upanishad, which is among the ten mukhya(main) upanishads. <P2-S2>  He was an avatar of lord Shiva, and son of sage Dadhichi, who donated his bones to Devtas(Demigods) to provide them a material for making weapons and defeat the Asurs. <P2-S3>  He was the founder of Pippalada School of thought, which taught the Atharvaveda. <SEP> <P3-S0> The Maitrayaniya Upanishad (Sanskrit: मैत्रायणीय उपनिषद् , Maitrāyaṇīya Upaniṣad ) is an ancient Sanskrit text that is embedded inside the Yajurveda. <P3-S1>  It is also known as the Maitri Upanishad (Sanskrit: मैत्री उपनिषद् , Maitrī Upaniṣad ), and is listed as number 24 in the Muktika canon of 108 Upanishads.
Question: Which hospital is known for the highest rate of wrongful death lawsuits of ANY health facility in Washing D.C, MedStar Washington Hospital Center or Howard University Hospital?

<P0-S0> MedStar Washington Hospital Center is the largest private hospital in Washington, D.C. A member of MedStar Health, the not-for-profit Hospital Center is licensed for 926 beds. <P0-S1>  Health services in primary, secondary and tertiary care are offered to adult and neonatal patients. <P0-S2>  It also serves as a teaching hospital for Georgetown University School of Medicine. <SEP> <P1-S0> The New Freedmen's Clinic (first opened in the summer of 2009) is a free student-run health care clinic affiliated with Howard University Hospital (HUH) and Howard University College of Medicine (HUCM). <P1-S1>  It gets its name from HUH's original name - Freedmen's Hospital. <P1-S2>  It is currently located in the heart of Washington, DC, within HUH. <SEP> <P2-S0>  The hospital has served the African American community in the area for over 150 years, having been established in 1862 to cater for the medical needs of the thousands of African Americans who came to Washington during the Civil War, seeking their freedom. <P2-S1>  The first hospital of its kind to provide medical treatment for former slaves, it later became the major hospital for the area's African-American community. <P2-S2>  Following the closure of D.C. General Hospital, As of 2016, the hospital has the highest rate of wrongful death lawsuits of any health facility in Washington D.C. over the previous decade. <P2-S3> Howard University Hospital, previously known as Freedmen's Hospital, is a major hospital lcated in Washington, D.C., built on the site of the previous Griffith Stadium. <SEP> <P3-S0> MedStar Georgetown University Hospital is one of the national capital area's oldest academic teaching hospitals. <P3-S1>  It is a not-for-profit, acute care teaching and research facility located in the Georgetown neighborhood of the Northwest Quadrant of Washington, D.C. <P3-S2>  MedStar Georgetown is co-located with the Georgetown University Medical Center and is affiliated with the Georgetown University School of Medicine. <P3-S3>  Its clinical services represent one of the largest, most geographically diverse, and fully integrated healthcare and delivery networks in the area. <P3-S4>  MedStar Georgetown is home to the internationally known Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, as well as centers of excellence in the neurology, neurosurgery, psychiatry, gastroenterology, transplant and vascular surgery. <P3-S5>  Originally named Georgetown University Hospital, it became part of the MedStar Health network in 2000.
Question: Forever and Ever was co-written by the record producer who earned what British Academy of Songwriters honor in 2009?

<P0-S0> "Forever and Ever" is a UK number-one single by Scottish glam rock band Slik, released in 1975. <P0-S1>  It was number one for one week in February 1976. <P0-S2>  It knocked "Mamma Mia" by ABBA off the Number One position in the British charts. <P0-S3>  It was also a hit in Ireland, reaching number two on the charts there. <P0-S4>  It was written by the well established songwriting partnership of Bill Martin and Phil Coulter who had recently split from writing for the Bay City Rollers. <SEP> <P1-S0>  He was awarded the Gold Badge from the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors in October 2009. <P1-S1> Phil Coulter (born 19 February 1942) is an Irish musician, songwriter and record producer. <SEP> <P2-S0> Mitch Murray (born Lionel Michael Stitcher, 30 January 1940, Hove, Sussex, England), is an English songwriter, record producer and author. <P2-S1>  He has won two Ivor Novello Awards, including the Jimmy Kennedy Award. <P2-S2>  Murray has written, or co-written songs, that have produced five UK and three US chart-topping records. <P2-S3>  He has also been awarded the Gold Badge of Merit by the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors. <SEP> <P3-S0> The 6th British Academy Video Game Awards (known for the purposes of sponsorship as GAME British Academy Video Games Awards) awarded by British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA), was an award ceremony honouring achievement in the field of video games in 2009. <P3-S1>  Candidate games must have been released in the United Kingdom between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2009. <P3-S2>  The ceremony took place in the London Hilton on 19 March 2010.
Question:  Match Group, Inc. operates as a subsidiary of a company with brands across how many countries?

<P0-S0> Thomas J McInerney is the president and CEO of Altaba, and a board member of HSN Inc., Interval Leisure Group Inc., and Match Group. <P0-S1>  He was the Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of IAC/InterActiveCorp. <P0-S2>  He served on the special committee set up at Yahoo! to investigate the CEO misstated college degree. <SEP> <P1-S0> Match Group, Inc. is an American Internet company that owns and operates several online dating web sites including OkCupid, Tinder, PlentyOfFish, and Match.com. <P1-S1>  The company also operates the test preparation company, The Princeton Review. <P1-S2>  Match Group is headquartered in Dallas, Texas and operates as a subsidiary of IAC/InterActiveCorp. <P1-S3>  Match Group went public on November 19, 2015 and trades on NASDAQ with the ticker symbol MTCH. <SEP> <P2-S0>  Joey Levin, who previously led the company's Search & Applications segment, has been the company's Chief Executive Officer since June 2015. <P2-S1> IAC/InterActiveCorp (also known as IAC) is an American media and Internet company, with over 150 brands across 100 countries, headquartered in New York City. <SEP> <P3-S0> Newsquest Media Group Ltd. is the second largest publisher of regional and local newspapers in the United Kingdom with 205 brands across the UK, publishing online and in print (165 newspaper brands and 40 magazine brands). <P3-S1>  It reaches 28 million visitors a month online and 6.5 million readers a week in print. <P3-S2>  Based in London, Newsquest employs a total of more than 5,500 people across the UK. <P3-S3>  It also has a specialist arm that publishes both commercial and business-to-business (B2B) titles such as "Insurance Times", "The Strad", and "Boxing News".
Question: Which tenant of Melbourne Rectangular Stadium has Jess Fishlock as head coach?

<P0-S0> Jessica Anne "Jess" Fishlock (born 14 January 1987) is a Welsh football midfielder and coach who currently co-captains Seattle Reign FC in the American National Women's Soccer League (NWSL). <P0-S1>  She has played for the Wales women's national football team since 2006. <P0-S2>  She previously played for Bristol Academy in England's FA Women's Super League (FA WSL), AZ Alkmaar in the Dutch Eredivisie, Glasgow City in the Scottish Women's Premier League, Melbourne Victory and Melbourne City in Australia's W-League, as well as Bundesliga club FFC Frankfurt in Germany. <P0-S3>  In February 2017, she coached Melbourne City to its second consecutive W-League Grand Final title. <P0-S4>  She previously coached Cardiff City L.F.C. <SEP> <P1-S0> John Sisterson is an American collegiate soccer head coach, currently with Santa Barbara City College as head coach of both the men and women's teams. <P1-S1>  He has been with the Vaqueros since 2005 and is the most successful soccer coach in the history of Santa Barbara City College, with over 270 wins for both men's and women's teams. <P1-S2>  Sisterson has won 5 Western State Championships, as well as receiving coach of the year awards on 5 occasions. <P1-S3>  In 2011 both the men's and women's teams were Western State Conference Champions, the only time this has been achieved by one college in the history of the Western State Conference, Sisterson being head coach of both teams. <P1-S4>  Sisterson was also the head coach for the United States Deaflympics Women's soccer team from 2003 - 2009. <P1-S5>  In 2005 the team won a gold medal at the Deaflympics in the Olympic Stadium, Melbourne, Australia, beating Russia in the final 3-0, and this was repeated when the team again won gold in the 2009 Deaflympics in Chinese Taipei. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Melbourne Rectangular Stadium, commercially known as AAMI Park, is an outdoor sports stadium on the site of Edwin Flack Field in the Sports and Entertainment Precinct in the Melbourne City Centre. <P2-S1>  The stadium's major tenants are NRL team Melbourne Storm, the Super Rugby team Melbourne Rebels, and the A-League teams Melbourne Victory FC and Melbourne City FC. <SEP> <P3-S0>  Founded in 2015, the club has its training and administration based at the City Football Academy in Melbourne and plays home games at both the CB Smith Reserve in the northern suburb of Fawkner and at AAMI Park near the Melbourne city centre. <P3-S1> Melbourne City FC, also known as the Melbourne City Women, represents Melbourne City in the W-League, the top division women's football (soccer) league in Australia. <P3-S2>  The head coach of the team is player Jess Fishlock.
Question: The doll which is a fusion a white girl child with a Southern United States archetype for a black woman who worked as a nanny is dated to what year? 

<P0-S0> Louvenia (Kitty) Black Perkins was Chief Designer of Fashions and Doll Concepts for Mattel's Barbie line for over twenty-five years. <P0-S1>  Her designs include "Shani and Friends" (1991) a line of African-American dolls, "Holiday Barbie" (1988, 1989, 1990, 1996), "Fashion Savvy Barbie" (1997), "Bathtime Barbie" and "Brandy" (1999). <P0-S2>  Brandy Barbie became one of Mattel's biggest sellers An African-American woman, Kitty was born February 13, 1948 in racially segregated Spartanburg, South Carolina. <P0-S3>  The daughter of Luther Black and Helen Goode Black, she is one of seven children. <P0-S4>  She graduated from Carver High School, Spartanburg's black High School, which closed when the school system was desegregated in 1970. <P0-S5>  In 1967 she moved to California, attending Los Angeles Trade Technical College. <P0-S6>  Black graduated with an associate degree in fashion design in 1971. <P0-S7>  She worked in non-doll fashion for six years before responding to a blind classified ad from Mattel. <P0-S8>  She reports never having had a Barbie doll until she purchased one to prepare for the interview. <P0-S9>  She became principal designer for Barbie in 1978. <P0-S10>  In 1991 The Los Angeles Times reported that Black-Perkins was responsible for over 100 designs a year, amounting to over one fifth of all of the designs for Barbie. <P0-S11>  She has received the doll industry's highest honor, the Doll of the Year (DOTY) award. <SEP> <P1-S0> A Topsy-Turvy doll is a double-ended doll, typically featuring two opposing characters. <P1-S1>  They are traditionally American cloth folk dolls which fuse a white girl child with a black girl child at the hips. <P1-S2>  Later dolls were sometimes a white girl child with a black "mammy" figure. <P1-S3>  Precise facts about their origins are rare, but as late as the 1950s, "Topsy and Eva" dolls were marketed by Sears, Montgomery Ward, and The Babyland Rag company (aka Bruckner). <SEP> <P2-S0> A mammy, also spelled mammie, is a Southern United States archetype for a black woman who worked as a nanny or general housekeeper that, often in a white family, nursed the family's children. <P2-S1>  The word "mammy" originated as an alteration of "mamma", meaning mother. <SEP> <P3-S0> Malinda Russell (ca. 1812-?) <P3-S1>  was a free black woman from Tennessee who earned her living as a cook and published the first known cookbook by a black woman in the United States. <P3-S2>  The book is historically significant, as it shows that black Southern cooking was not solely the domain of poverty cooking, but provides evidence of a sophisticated cosmopolitan skill with complex dishes.