Question: When did the U.S. and Britain invade the European state that seized the country where Al-Berka is located in 1911 from the empire that declined following the Crimean War?

<P0-S0> during george's reign the break-up of the british empire and its transition into the commonwealth of nations accelerated. <P0-S1> the parliament of the irish free state removed direct mention of the monarch from the country's constitution on the day of his accession. <P0-S2> from 1939, the empire and commonwealth, except ireland, was at war with nazi germany. <P0-S3> war with italy and japan followed in 1940 and 1941, respectively. <P0-S4> though britain and its allies were ultimately victorious in 1945, the united states and the soviet union rose as pre-eminent world powers and the british empire declined. <P0-S5> after the independence of india and pakistan in 1947, george remained as king of both countries, but the title emperor of india was abandoned in june 1948. ireland formally declared itself a republic and left the commonwealth in 1949, and india became a republic within the commonwealth the following year. <P0-S6> george adopted the new title of head of the commonwealth. <P0-S7> he was beset by health problems in the later years of his reign. <P0-S8> his elder daughter, elizabeth, succeeded him. <SEP> <P1-S0> As Fuller notes, "Russia had been beaten on the Crimean peninsula, and the military feared that it would inevitably be beaten again unless steps were taken to surmount its military weakness." <P1-S1> The Crimean War marks the demise of the Concert of Europe, the balance of power that had dominated Europe since the Congress of Vienna in 1815, and which had included France, Russia, Austria and the United Kingdom. <P1-S2> The Crimean War marked the ascendancy of France to the position of pre-eminent power on the Continent,:411 the continued decline of the Ottoman Empire, and the beginning of a decline for Tsarist Russia. <SEP> <P2-S0> These provinces together formed what became known as Libya. <P2-S1> As a result of this conflict, the Ottoman Turks ceded the provinces of Tripolitania, Fezzan, and Cyrenaica to Italy. <SEP> <P3-S0> the russo - turkish war of 1877 -- 1878 had its origins in a rise in nationalism in the balkans as well as in the russian goal of recovering territorial losses it had suffered during the crimean war, reestablishing itself in the black sea and following the political movement attempting to free balkan nations from the ottoman empire. <P3-S1> as a result of the war, the principalities of romania, serbia and montenegro, each of which had de facto sovereignty for some time, formally proclaimed independence from the ottoman empire. <P3-S2> after almost half a millennium of ottoman domination (1396 -- 1878), the bulgarian state was reestablished as the principality of bulgaria, covering the land between the danube river and the balkan mountains (except northern dobrudja which was given to romania) and the region of sofia, which became the new state's capital. <P3-S3> the congress of berlin also allowed austria - hungary to occupy bosnia and herzegovina and great britain to take over cyprus, while the russian empire annexed southern bessarabia and the kars region. <SEP> <P4-S0> Al-Berka (Arabic:البركة) is a Basic People's Congress administrative division of Benghazi, Libya. <P4-S1> As of the 2011 Libyan revolution, the area is simply known as a district of Benghazi after the Gaddafi era Basic People's Congresses were disbanded. <SEP> <P5-S0> The Allied invasion of Italy was the Allied amphibious landing on mainland Italy that took place on 3 September 1943 during the early stages of the Italian Campaign of World War II. <P5-S1> The operation was undertaken by General Sir Harold Alexander's 15th Army Group (comprising General Mark W. Clark's Fifth Army and General Bernard Montgomery's British Eighth Army) and followed the successful invasion of Sicily. <P5-S2> The main invasion force landed around Salerno on 9 September on the western coast in Operation Avalanche, while two supporting operations took place in Calabria (Operation Baytown) and Taranto (Operation Slapstick).