Question: When did the country where the birthplace of Joseph Janse is located, refuse to surrender Namibia?

<P0-S0> after an uprising by the congolese people, belgium surrendered to the independence of the congo in 1960. however, the congo remained unstable because tribal leaders had more power than the central government. <P0-S1> prime minister patrice lumumba tried to restore order with the aid of the soviet union as part of the cold war, causing the united states to support a coup led by colonel joseph mobutu in 1965. mobutu quickly seized complete power of the congo and renamed the country zaire. <P0-S2> he sought to africanize the country, changing his own name to mobutu sese seko, and demanded that african citizens change their western names to traditional african names. <P0-S3> mobutu sought to repress any opposition to his rule, in which he successfully did throughout the 1980s. <P0-S4> however, with his regime weakened in the 1990s, mobutu was forced to agree to a power - sharing government with the opposition party. <P0-S5> mobutu remained the head of state and promised elections within the next two years that never took place. <SEP> <P1-S0> Arriving in the US at age 6, he attended the Weber County, Utah public schools, and he received two years of Pre-medical education at Weber State College by 1930. <P1-S1> Joseph Janse (August 19, 1909 in Middelburg, Netherlands – December 18, 1985), was the third child of Jan Pieter and Gertrude (De Voogd) Janse. <P1-S2> After three years in Europe as a missionary, he transferred to University of Utah to complete his pre-medical studies. <P1-S3> He entered National College of Chiropractic in the spring of 1935 and received both the DC and ND degrees on June 17, 1938. <P1-S4> On June 24, 1938 he married Gloria Julie Schade in Utah and they had three children. <SEP> <P2-S0> It was established in 1995. <P2-S1> Boschmanskop No 1+2 Dam, is an earth-fill type dam on the Woes-Alleen River, near Middelburg, Mpumalanga, South Africa. <P2-S2> Its primary purpose is flood control and it is owned by Optimum Colliery Pullen's Hope. <SEP> <P3-S0> South Africa occupied the colony in 1915 after defeating the German force during World War I and administered it from 1919 onward as a League of Nations mandate territory. <P3-S1> Although the South African government desired to incorporate 'South-West Africa' into its territory, it never officially did so, although it was administered as the de facto 'fifth province', with the white minority having representation in the whites-only Parliament of South Africa, as well as electing their own local administration the SWA Legislative Assembly. <P3-S2> The South African government also appointed the SWA administrator, who had extensive powers. <P3-S3> The Herero Chief's Council submitted a number of petitions to the UN calling for it to grant Namibia independence during the 1950s. <P3-S4> Following the League's replacement by the United Nations in 1946, South Africa refused to surrender its earlier mandate to be replaced by a United Nations Trusteeship agreement, requiring closer international monitoring of the territory's administration (along with a definite independence schedule). <P3-S5> During the 1960s, when European powers granted independence to their colonies and trust territories in Africa, pressure mounted on South Africa to do so in Namibia. <P3-S6> In 1966 the International Court of Justice dismissed a complaint brought by Ethiopia and Liberia against South Africa's continued presence in the territory, but the U.N. General Assembly subsequently revoked South Africa's mandate, while in 1971 the International Court of Justice issued an "advisory opinion" declaring South Africa's continued administration to be illegal. <SEP> <P4-S0> ethan allen was born in litchfield, connecticut, the first-born child of joseph and mary baker allen, both descended from english puritans. <P4-S1> the family moved to the town of cornwall shortly after his birth. <P4-S2> the move to cornwall grew out of allen's father's quest for freedom of religion during a time of turmoil: the great awakening, when puritans were separating into churches with differing dogmas, in particular about the proper form of conversion: by works or by grace. <P4-S3> his lifelong interest in philosophy and ideas emerged against the backdrop of his father's involvement in these puritan debates and his father's refusal to convert to the covenant by grace. <P4-S4> as a boy allen already excelled at quoting the bible and was known for disputing the meaning of passages.