Question: What was need in order to diverge from the chinese ritual uniting spouses by pre-arrangement between families?

<P0-S0>  Within Chinese culture, romantic love and monogamy was the norm for most citizens. <P0-S1>  Wedding rituals and customs often varied by region because of China's extensive and rich history and because of the numerous different cultures and ethno-linguistic groups that have been subsumed into modern Chinese culture. <P0-S2> Traditional Chinese marriage (), as opposed to marriage in modern China, is a ceremonial ritual within Chinese societies that involve a union between spouses, sometimes established by pre-arrangement between families. <SEP> <P1-S0> Ding (鼎 ) were prehistoric and ancient Chinese cauldrons, standing upon legs with a lid and two facing handles. <P1-S1>  They are one of the most important shapes used in Chinese ritual bronzes. <P1-S2>  They were made in two shapes: round vessels with three legs and rectangular ones with four, the latter often called fanding. <P1-S3>  They were used for cooking, storage, and ritual offerings to the gods or to ancestors. <P1-S4>  The earliest recovered examples are pre-Shang ceramic ding at the Erlitou site but they are better known from the Bronze Age, particularly after the Zhou deemphasized the ritual use of wine practiced by the Shang kings. <P1-S5>  Under the Zhou, the ding and the privilege to perform the associated rituals became symbols of authority. <P1-S6>  The number of permitted ding varied according to one's rank in the Chinese nobility: the Nine Ding of the Zhou kings were a symbol of their rule over all China but were lost by the first emperor, Shi Huangdi in the late 3rd century . <P1-S7>  Subsequently, imperial authority was represented by the Heirloom Seal of the Realm, carved out of the He Shi Bi jade; it was lost at some point during the Five Dynasties after the collapse of the Tang. <SEP> <P2-S0> The New Marriage Law (also First Marriage Law, ) was a civil marriage law passed in the People's Republic of China on May 1, 1950. <P2-S1>  It was a radical change from existing patriarchal Chinese marriage traditions, and needed constant support from propaganda campaigns. <P2-S2>  It has since been superseded by the Second Marriage Law of 1980. <SEP> <P3-S0> The fangxiangshi 方相氏 was a Chinese ritual exorcist, the meaning of whose name is obscure but has been translated as "one who sees in all (four) directions", "he who scrutinizes for evil in many directions", and "one who orients unwanted spirits in the direction to which they belong". <P3-S1>  Ancient Chinese texts record that he wore a bearskin with four golden eyes, and carried a lance and shield to expel malevolent spirits. <P3-S2>  His primary duties were orchestrating the seasonal Nuo ritual to chase out disease-causing demons from houses and buildings, and leading a funeral procession to exorcize corpse-eating "wangliang" spirits away from a burial chamber. <P3-S3>  From the Han dynasty through the Tang dynasty (3rd century BCE to 10th century CE), "fangxiangshi" were official "wu"-shaman specialists in the imperially sanctioned Chinese state religion; after the Tang, they were adapted into popular folk religion and symbolized by wearing a four-eyed mask.