winkelee/scaling-down huggingface dataset:
Question: The memorial commemorating a 1941 Japanese surprise attack was designed by whom?

<P0-S0> The Frederick Douglass Memorial is a memorial commemorating Frederick Douglass, installed at the northwest corner of New York City's Central Park, in the U.S. state of New York. <P0-S1>  The memorial includes an 8-foot bronze sculpture depicting Douglass by Gabriel Koren and a large circle and fountain designed by Algernon Miller. <P0-S2>  Additionally, Quennell Rothschild & Partners is credited as the memorial's architecture, and Polich-Tallix served as the foundry. <P0-S3>  The memorial was dedicated on September 20, 2011, and was funded by the Percent for Art program and the Department of Cultural Affairs. <SEP> <P1-S0>  The attack on Pearl Harbor and the island of Oʻ ahu led to the United States' direct involvement in World War II. <P1-S1> The USS "Arizona" Memorial, at Pearl Harbor in Honolulu, Hawaii, marks the resting place of 1,102 of the 1,177 sailors and Marines killed on  during the Japanese surprise attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941 and commemorates the events of that day. <SEP> <P2-S0> The attack on Pearl Harbor has received substantial attention in popular culture in multiple media and cultural formats including film, architecture, memorial statues, non-fiction writing, historical writing, and historical fiction. <P2-S1>  Today, the USS "Arizona" Memorial on the island of Oahu honors the dead. <P2-S2>  The memorial was designed by Alfred Preis, and has a sagging center but strong and vigorous ends, expressing "initial defeat and ultimate victory". <P2-S3>  Visitors to the memorial reach it via boats from the naval base at Pearl Harbor. <P2-S4>  It commemorates all lives lost on December 7, 1941. <SEP> <P3-S0> John Paul Jones Memorial Park is a municipal park in the town of Kittery, Maine. <P3-S1>  The trapezoidal park, flanked by the lanes of United States Route 1 approaching the Memorial Bridge across the Piscataqua River, was established in 1926 and named for American Revolutionary War naval hero John Paul Jones. <P3-S2>  Its centerpiece is a memorial commemorating the soldiers and sailors of the state of Maine, designed by Bashka Paeff. <P3-S3>  The park was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.
Question: Which Formula One World Champion had a teammate named Richie Ginther?

<P0-S0> Paul Richard "Richie" Ginther (Granada Hills, California, August 5, 1930 – September 20, 1989 in France) was a racecar driver from the United States. <P0-S1>  During a varied career, the 1965 Mexican Grand Prix saw Ginther take Honda's first Grand Prix victory, a victory which would also prove to be Ginther's only win in Formula One. <P0-S2>  Ginther competed in 54 World Championship Formula One Grand Prix races and numerous other non-Championship F1 events. <SEP> <P1-S0> The 1962 Italian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Monza on 16 September 1962. <P1-S1>  It was race 7 of 9 in both the 1962 World Championship of Drivers and the 1962 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers. <P1-S2>  His teammate Richie Ginther finished second and Cooper driver Bruce McLaren came in third. <P1-S3>  The 86-lap race was won by BRM driver Graham Hill after he started from second position. <SEP> <P2-S0>  He is the only driver ever to win the Triple Crown of Motorsport—the 24 Hours of Le Mans, Indianapolis 500 and either the Monaco Grand Prix or the Formula One World Drivers' Championship. <P2-S1>  He also appeared on TV in the 1970s on a variety of non-sporting programmes including panel games. <P2-S2>  He liked painting in his spare time. <P2-S3> Norman Graham Hill {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (15 February 1929 – 29 November 1975) was a British racing driver and team owner from England, who was twice Formula One World Champion. <SEP> <P3-S0> The 1963 United States Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on October 6, 1963, at the Watkins Glen Grand Prix Race Course in Watkins Glen, New York. <P3-S1>  It was race 8 of 10 in both the 1963 World Championship of Drivers and the 1963 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers. <P3-S2>  The 110-lap race was won by BRM driver Graham Hill after he started from pole position. <P3-S3>  His teammate Richie Ginther finished second and Lotus driver Jim Clark came in third.
Question: "Knock" is an example of fiction by Frederic Brown that has how many words?

<P0-S0> Flash fiction is fictional work of extreme brevity, that still offers character and plot development, including the , 140-character stories, also known as "twitterature", the "dribble" (50 words), the "drabble" , also known as "microfiction"(100 words), "sudden fiction" (750 words), flash fiction (1000 words), and "micro-story". <P0-S1>  Some commentators have also suggested that some flash fiction possesses a unique literary quality, e.g. the ability to hint at or imply a larger story. <SEP> <P1-S0> Circumlocution (also called circumduction, circumvolution, periphrasis, or ambage) is speech that circles around an idea with many words instead of stating it directly and simply. <P1-S1>  It is sometimes necessary in communication (for example, to avoid lexical gaps that would cause untranslatability), but it can also be undesirable (when an uncommon or easily misunderstood figure of speech is used). <P1-S2>  Roundabout speech is the use of many words to describe something that already has a common and concise term (for example, saying ""a tool used for cutting things such as paper and hair"" instead of "scissors"). <P1-S3>  Most dictionaries use circumlocution to define words. <P1-S4>  Circumlocution is often used by people with aphasia and people learning a new language, where simple terms can be paraphrased to aid learning or communication (for example, paraphrasing the word "grandfather" as "the father of one's father"). <P1-S5>  Euphemism, innuendo, and equivocation are different forms of circumlocution. <SEP> <P2-S0> "How Many Words" is the official second single by the singer-songwriter Blake Lewis, from his debut album "A.D.D. (Audio Day Dream)". <P2-S1>  The song was expected to be followed by "Know My Name", and then "Without You". <P2-S2>  However, due to being dropped by Arista Records, "How Many Words" is the final single from his debut album. <P2-S3>  He is expected to release a single from his second album at the end of 2009. <P2-S4>  The single was released to mainstream radio format on March 10, 2008. <P2-S5>  Also, an EP featuring remixes of the song was released onto iTunes on May 13, 2008. <P2-S6>  Lewis performed the song live on the March 6, 2008 results show of the seventh season of "American Idol". <SEP> <P3-S0> "Knock", written by Fredric Brown, is a science fiction short story that starts with a short-short story based on the following text of Thomas Bailey Aldrich:
Question: Who played the role of Nettie Harris in the 1985 film directed by Steven Spielberg?

<P0-S0> The Goonies is a 1985 film produced by Steven Spielberg. <SEP> <P1-S0> Renée Elise Goldsberry (born January 2, 1971) is an American actress, singer and songwriter, known for originating the role of Angelica Schuyler Church in the Broadway musical "Hamilton", for which she won the 2016 Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical. <P1-S1>  Her other Broadway credits include Nettie Harris in the original Broadway cast of "The Color Purple", Mimi Márquez in "Rent", and Nala in "The Lion King". <P1-S2>  She has portrayed many roles on television, including Geneva Pine on "The Good Wife", and Evangeline Williamson on "One Life to Live", for which she received two Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series nominations. <SEP> <P2-S0>  It was Spielberg's eighth film as a director, and was a change from the summer blockbusters for which he had become famous. <P2-S1> The Color Purple is a 1985 American period drama film directed by Steven Spielberg and written by Menno Meyjes, based on the Pulitzer Prize-winning novel of the same name by Alice Walker. <P2-S2>  The film was also the first feature-length film directed by Spielberg for which John Williams did not compose the music. <P2-S3>  The film starred Danny Glover, Desreta Jackson, Margaret Avery, Oprah Winfrey (in her film debut), Adolph Caesar, Rae Dawn Chong, and featured Whoopi Goldberg (also in her film debut) as Celie Harris-Johnson. <SEP> <P3-S0> Akosua Gyamama Busia (born 30 December 1966) is a Ghanaian actress, film director, author and songwriter who lives in the U.K. Busia is best known for her role as Nettie Harris in the 1985 film "The Color Purple" alongside Whoopi Goldberg.
Question: What company started the urban complex development that included the highrise building, The Harmon?

<P0-S0> The Lincoln Bank Tower in Fort Wayne, Indiana, United States, is an Art Deco highrise building. <P0-S1>  Construction started in late 1929 with the building's opening in 1930. <P0-S2>  For decades, it was the tallest building in the state. <P0-S3>  The building was also known as "Lincoln Bank Tower" to distinguish it from the building at 215 Berry Street, which had been known as the "Lincoln Life Building" from 1912 until 1923. <P0-S4>  Today, that other building is commonly known by the original Elektron Building name. <SEP> <P1-S0>  The tower was designed by Foster + Partners as a non-gaming boutique hotel, and was to be operated by Andrew Sasson's The Light Group upon completion. <P1-S1>  The building featured an elliptical layout and highly reflective exterior located on the northeast corner of the project at the intersection of Las Vegas Boulevard and Harmon Avenue. <P1-S2>  Significant construction defects in the building were discovered in 2008, and the project was halted indefinitely. <P1-S3>  On August 23, 2013, a Clark County court approved the tower's demolition. <P1-S4> The Harmon was a highrise building at the CityCenter development in Paradise, Nevada. <P1-S5>  The dismantling of the tower began in the summer of 2014 and completed in the fall of 2015. <SEP> <P2-S0>  The project was started by MGM Resorts International; Dubai World became a joint partner during the project's construction phase. <P2-S1> CityCenter (also known as CityCenter Las Vegas) is a 16797000 sqft mixed-use, urban complex on 76 acre located on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada. <P2-S2>  It is the largest privately funded construction project in the history of the United States. <P2-S3>  The project is connected by a people mover system to adjacent MGM properties Monte Carlo Las Vegas and Bellagio Las Vegas. <P2-S4>  As of 2015, the "CityCenter" branding has been largely retired, with the focus instead on the Aria brand of the development's centerpiece property in names such as the "Aria Express" (formerly "CityCenter Tram") and "Aria Art Collection" (formerly "CityCenter Art Collection"). <SEP> <P3-S0> Wisma Nusantara is an office highrise building located in Jalan M.H. Thamrin, Jakarta, Indonesia. <P3-S1>  Constructed in 1964, Wisma Nusantara is considered to be the first highrise in Indonesia and Southeast Asia to reach 100 metre height. <P3-S2>  The building complex included the Pullman Hotel.
Question: the work of The Last Poets and Gil Scott Heron inspired music that fits under what larger sub-genre?

<P0-S0> Abiodun Oyewole (born Charles Davis, February 1948), is a poet, teacher and founding member of the American music and spoken-word group The Last Poets, which developed into what is considered to be the first hip hop group. <P0-S1>  Critic Jason Ankeny wrote, "With their politically charged raps, taut rhythms, and dedication to raising African-American consciousness, the Last Poets almost single-handedly laid the groundwork for the emergence of hip-hop." <SEP> <P1-S0> In hip hop music, "political hip hop", or "political rap", is a form developed in the 1980s, inspired by 1970s political preachers such as The Last Poets and Gil Scott-Heron. <P1-S1>  Public Enemy were the first political hip hop group to gain commercial success. <P1-S2>  Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five released the first sociopolitical rap song in 1982, named "The Message", which inspired many rappers to address social and political topics. <SEP> <P2-S0>  Music scenes with strong ties to underground hip hop include alternative hip hop and conscious hip hop. <P2-S1> Underground hip hop is an umbrella term for hip hop music outside the general commercial canon. <P2-S2>  It is typically associated with independent artists, signed to independent labels or no label at all. <P2-S3>  Underground hip hop is often characterized by socially conscious, positive, or anti-commercial lyrics. <P2-S4>  However, there is no unifying or universal theme – AllMusic suggests that it "has no sonic signifiers". <P2-S5>  "The Underground" also refers to the community of musicians, fans and others that support non-commercial, or independent music. <P2-S6>  Many artists who are considered "underground" today were not always so, and may have previously broken the "Billboard" charts. <SEP> <P3-S0> Political hip hop is a subgenre of hip hop music that was developed in the 1980s as a way of turning rap music into a call for action and a form of social activism. <P3-S1>  It has helped to create a new form of social expression for subordinate groups to speak about their exclusions, injustices and lack of power. <P3-S2>  Political hip-hop is the use of hip hop music to send political messages to inspire action or to convince the listener of a particular worldview. <P3-S3>  Inspired by 1970s political preachers such as The Last Poets and musician Gil Scott-Heron, Public Enemy was the first predominately political hip-hop group. <P3-S4>  There is no all-encompassing political hip-hop ideology; rather, there are multiple perspectives that range anywhere from Marxism to the values of the Five Percent Nation.
Question: Giovanna d'Arco is an opera that was created by the composer of what nationality?

<P0-S0> Giovanna Gray is a tragic opera ("tragedia lirica ") in three acts composed by Nicola Vaccai. <P0-S1>  The libretto by Carlo Pepoli is based on the last days of the English noblewoman Lady Jane Grey who was executed for treason in 1554. <P0-S2>  The opera premiered on 23 February 1836 at La Scala, Milan, with Maria Malibran in the title role. <P0-S3>  It was a failure at its premiere, and the work never entered the repertoire. <P0-S4>  Malibran's performances in "Giovanna Gray" were the last time she appeared on the stage of La Scala. <SEP> <P1-S0> The American Opera Society (AOS) was a New York City based musical organization that presented concert and semi-staged performances of operas between 1951 and 1970. <P1-S1>  The company was highly influential in sparking and perpetuating the post World War II bel canto revival, particularly through a number of highly lauded productions of rarely heard works by Gioachino Rossini, Gaetano Donizetti, and Vincenzo Bellini. <P1-S2>  The AOS also presented many operas to the American public for the first time, including the United States premieres of Benjamin Britten's "Billy Budd", Giuseppe Verdi's "Giovanna d'Arco", George Frideric Handel's "Hercules" and Hector Berlioz's "Les troyens" to name just a few. <SEP> <P2-S0> Giuseppe Fortunino Francesco Verdi (] ; 9 or 10 October 1813 – 27 January 1901) was an Italian opera composer. <SEP> <P3-S0>  It is Verdi's seventh opera. <P3-S1> Giovanna d'Arco ("Joan of Arc") is an operatic "dramma lirico" with a prologue and three acts by Giuseppe Verdi set to an Italian libretto by Temistocle Solera, who had prepared the libretti for both "Nabucco" and "I Lombardi".
Question: When was the magazine Sam Duckworth got his name Get Cape. Wear Cape. Fly from launched?

<P0-S0> Get Cape. <P0-S1>  Wear Cape. <P0-S2>  Fly is the debut EP of Sam Duckworth, who performs under the name Get Cape. <P0-S3>  Wear Cape. <P0-S4>  Fly. <P0-S5>  It was released in tandem with a video for "Whitewash is Brainwash", which sees Get Cape. <P0-S6>  Wear Cape. <P0-S7>  Fly travelling around on the London Underground and performing a secret show in Bank Tube Station. <SEP> <P1-S0>  Although launched in January 2004 as a quarterly publication, "Retro Gamer" soon became a monthly. <P1-S1> Retro Gamer is a British magazine, published worldwide, covering retro video games. <P1-S2>  It was the first commercial magazine to be devoted entirely to the subject. <P1-S3>  In 2005, a general decline in gaming and computer magazine readership led to the closure of its publishers, Live Publishing, although the rights to the magazine were later purchased by Imagine Publishing. <P1-S4>  It was taken over by Future Publishing on 21 October 2016, following Future's acquisition of Imagine Publishing and its print portfolio. <SEP> <P2-S0>  According to Duckworth, his original stage name came from Retro Gamer magazine, from an article about superhero games such as "Batman" containing the heading "Get Cape. <P2-S1> Sam Duckworth is an English musician who performs as Get Cape. <P2-S2>  Wear Cape. <P2-S3>  Fly. <P2-S4>  He is sometimes referred to as Get Cape, Cape, GCWCF and Slam Dunkworth (the latter title apparently first coined by Emmy The Great). <P2-S5>  Wear Cape. <P2-S6>  Fly". <P2-S7>  In addition to the Get Cape name, and his given name, Duckworth has released music under the moniker Recreations. <SEP> <P3-S0> The Chronicles of a Bohemian Teenager is the first album by the singer-songwriter Sam Duckworth, "alias" Get Cape. <P3-S1>  Wear Cape. <P3-S2>  Fly. <P3-S3>  Recorded mostly in his bedroom studio in Essex, it was released on 18 September 2006 on Atlantic Records.
Question: SLS station was designed to allow access to the area of Las Vegas that includes a hotel and casino in what other town?

<P0-S0> Riviera (colloquially, "the Riv") was a hotel and casino on the Las Vegas Strip in Winchester, Nevada, which operated from April 1955 to May 2015. <P0-S1>  It was last owned by the Las Vegas Convention and Visitors Authority, which decided to demolish it to make way for the Las Vegas Global Business District. <SEP> <P1-S0> The SLS Hotel & Casino Las Vegas (formerly Sahara Hotel and Casino) is a hotel and casino located on the Las Vegas Strip in Winchester, Nevada. <P1-S1>  It is owned by Stockbridge Real Estate but is under contract to be purchased by Alex Meruelo and Meruelo Group (owners of the Grand Sierra Resort Hotel & Casino in Reno) with an expected closing date of Q3 2017. <SEP> <P2-S0> SLS station (originally Sahara) is a station on the Las Vegas Monorail, in Las Vegas, Nevada, United States. <P2-S1>  The station is a side platform located at the Sahara Hotel and Casino. <P2-S2>  The Sahara Station could be reached in two ways: from inside the hotel via a hallway located behind the Casbar Theatre Lounge (closed on May 16, 2011) or from street level on Paradise Road behind the Sahara. <P2-S3>  The tracks just north of Sahara station were designed to provide access to a possible downtown extension of the monorail via the northern portion of the Las Vegas Strip in the area of the Circus Circus Las Vegas and the Riviera. <SEP> <P3-S0> Westgate station is a station on the Las Vegas Monorail. <P3-S1>  The station is an island platform located at the Westgate Las Vegas Resort & Casino. <P3-S2>  The Westgate Station is located near the main entrance of the property. <P3-S3>  The station can be reached through the SpaceQuest Casino in the front of the hotel. <P3-S4>  It is the only monorail station in Las Vegas that is located in the front of the hotel. <P3-S5>  The monorail station at the Westgate is the shortest distance from a hotel than any other station.
Question: Kaye Stevens was an American singer and actress whose big break came at what hotel on the Las Vegas Strip that operated from April 1955 to May 2015?

<P0-S0> Holy Cow! <P0-S1>  Casino and Brewery (formerly Foxy's Firehouse) was a locals casino and microbrewery on South Las Vegas Boulevard, north of the Las Vegas Strip, in Las Vegas, Nevada. <P0-S2>  The property began in 1955 as Foxy's Deli, which operated until its closure in 1975. <P0-S3>  A year later, the building was reopened as a casino named Foxy's Firehouse, which later closed in 1988. <P0-S4>  Tom "Big Dog" Wiesner purchased the building and reopened it as the Holy Cow casino in 1992. <P0-S5>  Wiesner added a microbrewery the following year, making the Holy Cow the first brewery to open in Las Vegas. <P0-S6>  Wiesner persuaded the state to change its laws that had prohibited breweries from operating in Las Vegas. <SEP> <P1-S0>  She then went on to do small shows in New York City at the Plaza Hotel's Persian Room and the Waldorf Astoria, and Caesars Palace on the Las Vegas Strip. <P1-S1> Kaye Stevens (July 21, 1932 – December 28, 2011) was an American singer and actress, her big break in show business came at the Riviera Hotel in Las Vegas, when the headliner for the night, Debbie Reynolds, became ill and Stevens filled in for the night. <SEP> <P2-S0> The New Frontier (formerly Last Frontier and The Frontier) was a hotel and casino on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada, US. <P2-S1>  It was the second resort that opened on the Las Vegas Strip and operated continuously from October 30, 1942 until it closed on July 16, 2007. <P2-S2>  The building was demolished on November 13, 2007. <P2-S3>  The land is now owned by Crown Resorts who abandoned their project to build the Alon Las Vegas in May 2017 and put it up for sale. <SEP> <P3-S0>  It was last owned by the Las Vegas Convention and Visitors Authority, which decided to demolish it to make way for the Las Vegas Global Business District. <P3-S1> Riviera (colloquially, "the Riv") was a hotel and casino on the Las Vegas Strip in Winchester, Nevada, which operated from April 1955 to May 2015.
Question: What is the international football competition for women that Liu Ailing played in the 1991,1995, 1999 editions?

<P0-S0>  She won a silver medal at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics and participated at the 2000 Sydney Olympics. <P0-S1>  A playmaking midfielder, she played professional club football in Japan and the United States. <P0-S2> Liu Ailing (; born June 2, 1967) is a Chinese former footballer who played for the China national team at the 1991, 1995 and 1999 editions of the FIFA Women's World Cup. <SEP> <P1-S0> Geraldine "Geri" Donnelly (born 30 November 1965) is a Canadian former soccer player. <P1-S1>  A midfielder, she represented Canada at the 1995 and 1999 editions of the FIFA Women's World Cup and was named Canadian Player of the Year in 1996 and 1999. <P1-S2>  Donnelly was part of the Canadian squad who won the 1998 CONCACAF Women's Championship. <P1-S3>  She was selected as a member of the Canadian Soccer Hall of Fame in 2014. <SEP> <P2-S0> The FIFA Women's World Cup is an international football competition contested by the senior women's national teams of the members of "Fédération Internationale de Football Association" (FIFA), the sport's global governing body. <P2-S1>  The competition has been held every four years since 1991, when the inaugural tournament, then called the Women's World Championship, was held in China. <SEP> <P3-S0> The Gambia women's national football team represents the Gambia in international football competition. <P3-S1>  The team, however, has not competed in a match recognised by FIFA, the sport's international governing body, despite that organised women's football has been played in the country since 1998. <P3-S2>  The Gambia has two youth teams, an under-17 side that has competed in FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup qualifiers, and an under-19 side that withdrew from regional qualifiers for an under-19 World Cup. <P3-S3>  The development of a national team faces challenges similar to those across Africa, although the national football association has four staff members focusing on women's football.
Question: This Australian racing driver currently drives the No. 22 Holden VF Commodore produced by Holden Commodore which manufactures what other models?

<P0-S0> James Anthony Courtney (born 29 June, 1980) is an Australian racing driver competing in the Virgin Australia Supercars Championship. <P0-S1>  Courtney won the 2010 V8 Supercar Championship Series driving for the Dick Johnson Racing team. <P0-S2>  He currently drives the No. 22 Holden VF Commodore for Walkinshaw Racing. <SEP> <P1-S0> Scott Robert Pye (born 8 January, 1990) is an Australian professional racing driver competing in the Virgin Australia Supercars Championship. <P1-S1>  He currently drives the No. 2 Holden VF Commodore for Walkinshaw Racing. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Holden Commodore (VF) is an executive car that has been produced by Holden since June 2013. <P2-S1>  It is the second and last significant restyled iteration of the final fourth generation of the Holden Commodore to be manufactured in Australia. <P2-S2>  Also available is the commercial utility variant that sells under the Holden Ute (VF) nameplate. <P2-S3>  Its range includes the sedan and station wagon variants that sell under the luxury Holden Calais (VF) nameplate. <SEP> <P3-S0> David Reynolds (born 3 July, 1985) is an Australian professional racing driver. <P3-S1>  He currently drives the No. 9 Holden VF Commodore for Erebus Motorsport in the Virgin Australia Supercars Championship.
Question: Matilda of Chester, Countess of Huntingdon's father was the son of which woman?

<P0-S0> Matilda of Chester, Countess of Huntingdon (1171 – 6 January 1233) was an Anglo-Norman noblewoman, sometimes known as Maud and sometimes known with the surname de Kevelioc. <P0-S1>  Through her daughter, Isobel, she was an ancestress of Robert the Bruce. <P0-S2>  She was a daughter of Hugh de Kevelioc, 5th Earl of Chester, and the wife of David of Scotland, Earl of Huntingdon. <SEP> <P1-S0> John of Scotland (or John de Scotia), 9th Earl of Huntingdon and 7th Earl of Chester (c. 1207 – 6 June 1237), sometimes known as "the Scot", was an Anglo-Scottish magnate, the son of David of Scotland, Earl of Huntingdon by his wife Matilda of Chester, daughter of Hugh de Kevelioc. <SEP> <P2-S0> Hugh de Kevelioc, 5th Earl of Chester (1147 – 30 June 1181) was the son of Ranulf de Gernon, 4th Earl of Chester and Maud of Gloucester, daughter of Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester (otherwise known as Robert de Caen, the illegitimate son of Henry I of England, making her Henry's granddaughter). <SEP> <P3-S0> Isobel of Huntingdon (1199–1251) , also known as Isobel the Scot, was the daughter of David of Scotland, 8th Earl of Huntingdon, grandson of David I of Scotland, and Matilda of Chester.
Question: Carl von Donop was a colonel of which German auxiliaries?

<P0-S0>  They took their name from the German state of Hesse-Kassel. <P0-S1> Hessians were the 18th century German auxiliaries contracted for military service by the British government. <P0-S2>  The British hired Hessian troops for combat duty in several eighteenth century conflicts, but they are most widely associated with combat operations in the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783). <SEP> <P1-S0> Count Carl Emil Ulrich von Donop (January 1, 1732 – October 25, 1777) was a Hessian colonel who fought in the American Revolutionary War. <SEP> <P2-S0> Hans Carl von Carlowitz, originally "Hannß Carl von Carlowitz" (24 December 1645 - 3 March 1714), was a German tax accountant and mining administrator. <P2-S1>  His book "Sylvicultura oeconomica, oder haußwirthliche Nachricht und Naturmäßige Anweisung zur wilden Baum-Zucht" (1713) was the first comprehensive treatise about forestry. <P2-S2>  He is considered to be the father of sustainable yield forestry. <SEP> <P3-S0> The Battle of Iron Works Hill, also known as the Battle of Mount Holly, was a series of minor skirmishes that took place on December 22 and 23, 1776, during the American War of Independence. <P3-S1>  They took place in Mount Holly, New Jersey, between an American force mostly composed of colonial militia under Colonel Samuel Griffin and a force of 2,000 Hessians and British regulars under Carl von Donop.
Question: Are Gael and Fitness published in the same country?

<P0-S0> Gael is a French language monthly women's and lifestyle magazine published monthly in Mechelen, Belgium. <SEP> <P1-S0> BodyAttack is a commercial group-fitness aerobics program including some sports-derived movements, aimed primarily at developing cardiovascular fitness. <P1-S1>  The program is created and distributed by Les Mills International, with music and movements varied every few months. <P1-S2>  In the UK it is offered at around 1,300 health and fitness facilities, approximately one fifth of such facilities in the country. <P1-S3>  It consists of a standardized class that is either 55 minutes or 45 minutes in length, led by an instructor who leads participants through various exercises to a contemporary music soundtrack. <P1-S4>  Like BodyPump and other Les Mills programs, the movements, exercises and music are standardized for all instructors, with the company releasing a new program every three months. <P1-S5>  As with most aerobics classes, the aim is to develop numerous domains of physical fitness, particularly cardiovascular fitness and stamina. <SEP> <P2-S0>  It is owned and published by the Meredith Corporation. <P2-S1> Fitness is a United States-based women's magazine, focusing on health, exercise, and nutrition. <P2-S2>  The editor-in-chief of "Fitness" is Betty Wong. <SEP> <P3-S0> The multi-stage fitness test, also known as the pacer test, is a series of stages that have different tasks sometimes used by sports coaches and trainers to estimate an athlete's VO max (maximum oxygen uptake). <P3-S1>  The most common variation of the multi-stage fitness test is the FitnessGram/Cooper PACER test. <P3-S2>  The test is especially useful for players of sports such as rugby, association football, Australian rules football, Gaelic football, hurling, hockey, netball, handball, tennis, squash, and fitness testing in schools and colleges plus many other sports; employed by many international sporting teams as an accurate test of cardiovascular fitness, one of the more important components of physical fitness. <P3-S3>  The test was created in 1982 by Luc Léger, University of Montreal and published in 1983 with a starting speed of 8 km/h and stages of 2 min duration. <P3-S4>  The test was re-published in the European Journal of Applied Physiology in 1988 in its present form with a starting speed of 8.5 km/h and 1 min stages under the name "The multistage 20 metre shuttle run test for aerobic fitness". <P3-S5>  Result equivalences between slightly modified versions are well explained by Tomkinson et al. in 2003.
Question: What profession does Kazuyuki Fujita and Gilbert Yvel have in common?

<P0-S0> This page lists tornadoes and tornado outbreaks which have touched down in Canada prior to the 21st century. <P0-S1>  On average, there are around 80 confirmed and unconfirmed tornadoes that touch down in Canada each year, with most occurring in Southern Ontario, the southern Canadian Prairies and southern Quebec. <P0-S2>  Canada ranks as the second country in the world with the most tornadoes per year, after the US. <P0-S3>  The most common types are F0 to F2 in damage intensity level and usually result in minor structural damage to barns, wood fences, roof shingles, chimneys, uprooted or snapped tree limbs and downed power lines. <P0-S4>  Fewer than 5% of tornadoes in Canada are rated F3 or higher in intensity, where wind speeds are in excess of 225 km/h . <P0-S5>  Prior to April 1, 2013, Canada used a slightly modified Fujita scale, and as of that date the Enhanced Fujita scale, again slightly modified, was put into use to rate tornado intensity, based on the damage to buildings and vegetation. <SEP> <P1-S0> Christiaan "Chris" Dolman (born February 17, 1945) is a Dutch retired martial artist and professional wrestler. <P1-S1>  He won a silver medal at the European championship in judo and a gold at the world championship in Sambo, counting as the first non-Russian sambo world champion, and has over 40 national and 10 international championships. <P1-S2>  He is known for his career in Fighting Network Rings and for his role training several Dutch mixed martial artists and kickboxers, among them Bas Rutten, Alistair and Valentijn Overeem, Gilbert Yvel and Gegard Mousasi. <SEP> <P2-S0> Gilbert Ramon Yvel (born June 30, 1976) is a retired Dutch mixed martial artist associated with the Vos Gym in the Netherlands. <P2-S1>  Yvel mostly competed as a Heavyweight, but also competed as a Light Heavyweight in the final two fights of his career. <P2-S2>  A professional competitor for 16 years from 1997-2013, Yvel competed in the PRIDE Fighting Championships, Affliction, the UFC, RINGS, M-1 Challenge, Cage Rage, K-1, and Showtime promotions. <SEP> <P3-S0>  He has fought in mixed martial arts promotions including Pride Fighting Championships, K-1 and World Victory Road. <P3-S1> Kazuyuki Fujita (藤田 和之 , Fujita Kazuyuki ) (born October 16, 1970) is a Japanese professional wrestler, mixed martial artist and a former amateur wrestler. <P3-S2>  He competes in mixed martial arts, shoot style wrestling and puroresu, and holds notable victories over Ken Shamrock, Gilbert Yvel, Mark Kerr, Bob Sapp, Karam Gaber, Peter Graham, and James Thompson.
Question: North Blenheim, New York was destroyed by flooding caused by the Hurricane that landed in what month?

<P0-S0> Old Blenheim Bridge was a wooden covered bridge that spanned Schoharie Creek in North Blenheim, New York, United States. <P0-S1>  With an open span of 210 ft , it had the longest span of any surviving single-span covered bridge in the world, although the structure's total length made it second in that respect to the Bridgeport Covered Bridge (233 ft long with a 208 ft clear span). <P0-S2>  The bridge, opened in 1855, was also one of the oldest of its type in the United States. <P0-S3>  It was destroyed by flooding resulting from Tropical Storm Irene in 2011. <P0-S4>  Rebuilding of the bridge commenced in 2017. <SEP> <P1-S0>  It was built in 1855 and existed until 2011, when it was destroyed by flooding caused by Hurricane Irene. <P1-S1> North Blenheim is a hamlet in the town of Blenheim, New York. <P1-S2>  It had the longest wooden, single-span covered bridge in the United States, the Old Blenheim Bridge. <P1-S3>  The "Blenheim Gilboa Power Project Visitors Center" is also located there. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Walton Bridge in Keene, New York was built in c. 1890. <P2-S1>  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999. <P2-S2>  It was destroyed in the flooding caused by Tropical Storm Irene on August 29, 2011. <SEP> <P3-S0> Hurricane Irene was a large and destructive tropical cyclone, which affected much of the Caribbean and East Coast of the United States during late August 2011. <P3-S1>  Irene is ranked as the ninth-costliest hurricane in United States history. <P3-S2>  The ninth named storm, first hurricane, and first major hurricane of the 2011 Atlantic hurricane season, Irene originated from a well-defined Atlantic tropical wave that began showing signs of organization east of the Lesser Antilles. <P3-S3>  Due to development of atmospheric convection and a closed center of circulation, the system was designated as Tropical Storm Irene on August 20, 2011. <P3-S4>  After intensifying, Irene made landfall in St. Croix as a strong tropical storm later that day. <P3-S5>  Early on August 21, the storm made a second landfall in Puerto Rico. <P3-S6>  While crossing the island, Irene strengthened into a Category 1 hurricane. <P3-S7>  The storm paralleled offshore of Hispaniola, continuing to slowly intensify in the process. <P3-S8>  Shortly before making four landfalls in the Bahamas, Irene peaked as a 120 mph Category 3 hurricane.
Question: What prominent Soviet director worked frequently with Composer Isaak Dunayevsky?

<P0-S0> Isaak Osipovich Dunayevsky (Russian: "Исаак Осипович Дунаевский" ; also transliterated as Dunaevski or Dunaevsky; 30 January [O.S. 18 January] 1900 25 July 1955) was a Soviet film composer and conductor of the 1930s and 1940s, who achieved huge success in music for operetta and film comedies, frequently working with the film director Grigori Aleksandrov. <P0-S1>  He is considered one of the greatest Soviet composers of all time. <P0-S2>  Many of his songs are very well known and held in high regard in Russia and the former Soviet Union. <SEP> <P1-S0> Grigori Vasilyevich Aleksandrov or Alexandrov (Russian: Григо́рий Васи́льевич Алекса́ндров ; original family name was Мормоненко or Mormonenko; 23 January 1903 – 16 December 1983) was a prominent Soviet film director who was named a People's Artist of the USSR in 1947 and a Hero of Socialist Labor in 1973. <P1-S1>  He was awarded the Stalin Prizes for 1941 and 1950. <SEP> <P2-S0> Maksim Isaakovich Dunayevsky (Russian: Максим Исаакович Дунаевский , born 15 January 1945 in Moscow) is a popular Soviet/Russian film composer. <P2-S1>  Son of Isaak Dunayevsky. <P2-S2>  He finished the departments of music theory and composition in the Moscow Conservatory in 1965. <P2-S3>  In 1970, he finished the composition department of the same institution. <P2-S4>  Dunayevsky lived in the United States for seven years (from 1992 to 1999) where he worked in Hollywood and composed music for several films. <P2-S5>  He was married seven times. <P2-S6>  One of his wives included the actress Natalya Andrejchenko from whom the composer had a son by the name of Dmitriy Dunayevsky (born in 1982). <P2-S7>  In 1983 he had a daughter by the name of Alina who is actually living in Paris. <P2-S8>  She became a singer and author-composer of the pop-rock band Markize that she created and issued several albums and several singles and video clips. <P2-S9>  Nowadays she continues with creating her soloist project with new upcoming album. <P2-S10>  Her official web site: http://alina-dunaevskaya.com/ In 2002, his current wife bore him a daughter by the name of Paulina. <SEP> <P3-S0> Sidney M. Goldin, born Samuel Goldstein (March 25, 1878 – September 19, 1937) was an American Jewish silent film director as well as a prominent writer, actor and producer for Yiddish theater and Yiddish cinema during the early 20th century. <P3-S1>  During his career, he worked frequently with Molly Picon, Maurice Schwartz and Ludwig Satz in Europe and Palestine.
Question: Are both Lygodium or Maxillaria a genus of orchids?

<P0-S0> Lygodium (climbing fern) is a genus of about 40 species of ferns, native to tropical regions across the world, with a few temperate species in eastern Asia and eastern North America. <P0-S1>  It is the sole genus in the family Lygodiaceae, though included in the family Schizaeaceae by some botanists. <SEP> <P1-S0> Caladenia, commonly known as spider orchids, is a genus of 350 species of plants in the orchid family, Orchidaceae. <P1-S1>  Spider orchids are terrestrial herbs with a single hairy leaf and a hairy stem. <P1-S2>  The labellum is fringed or toothed in most species and there are small projections called calli on the labellum. <P1-S3>  The flowers have adaptations to attract particular species of insects for pollination. <P1-S4>  The genus is divided into three groups on the basis of flower shape, broadly, spider orchids, zebra orchids and cowslip orchids, although other common names are often used. <P1-S5>  Although they occur in other countries, most are Australian and 136 species occur in Western Australia, making it the most species-rich orchid genus in that state. <SEP> <P2-S0> Microtis, commonly known as onion orchids or mignonette orchids is a genus of about 20 species of plants in the orchid family, Orchidaceae. <P2-S1>  Onion orchids are terrestrial herbs with a single leaf at the base of the plant. <P2-S2>  They are similar to orchids in the genus "Prasophyllum" in that they have an onion-like leaf. <P2-S3>  The flowers are small but often scented and attractive to their insect pollinators. <P2-S4>  They are widespread in Asia, Australia and some Pacific islands. <SEP> <P3-S0>  This is a diverse genus, with very different morphological forms. <P3-S1> Maxillaria, abbreviated as Max in the horticultural trade, is a large genus of orchids (family Orchidaceae). <P3-S2>  Their characteristics can vary widely.
Question: Out of the actors who have played the role of Luc Deveraux in the Universal Soldier franchise, which actor has also starred in the movies Holby City, Doctor Strange, the Bourne Ultimatum and Zero Dark Thirty?

<P0-S0> Scott Edward Adkins (born 17 June 1976) is an English actor and martial artist who is best known for playing Russian prison fighter Yuri Boyka in the 2006 film "" and its following two sequels: "" (2010) and "" (2016) and Casey Bowman in Ninja and its sequel . <P0-S1>  He is also known for playing Bradley Hume in "Holby City", Lucian in "Doctor Strange", Kiley in "The Bourne Ultimatum" and John in "Zero Dark Thirty". <P0-S2>  Adkins has also appeared in "EastEnders", "Hollyoaks", "Doctors" as well as starred in many direct-to-video films. <SEP> <P1-S0> Universal Soldier is a 1992 American military science fiction action film directed by Roland Emmerich, produced by Mario Kassar and Allen Shapiro, and written by Richard Rothstein and Dean Devlin. <P1-S1>  The film tells the story of Luc Deveraux, a former US Army soldier who was killed in Vietnam War in 1969, and returned to life following a secret military project called the "Universal Soldier" program. <P1-S2>  However, he finds out about his past even although his memory was erased, and escapes alongside a young TV journalist. <P1-S3>  Along the way, they have to deal with the return of his archenemy, Sgt. Andrew Scott, who had lost his sanity in the Vietnam War, and became a psychotic megalomaniac, intent on killing him and leading the Universal Soldiers. <P1-S4>  "Universal Soldier" was released by TriStar Pictures on July 10, 1992. <P1-S5>  The film grossed $36 million worldwide against its budget of $23 million. <P1-S6>  It spawned a series of films, including several rather poorly received direct-to-TV films: "", which has since been removed from the series canon, followed by "" and "". <SEP> <P2-S0> The Universal Soldier franchise is a series of science fiction action films. <P2-S1>  The films centered on the character of Luc Deveraux (played first by Jean-Claude Van Damme and then by Matt Battaglia) until "", which focuses on a new protagonist named John (played by Scott Adkins). <P2-S2>  The franchise began in 1992 with "Universal Soldier" and as of 2012 comprises six entries (some of which are now considered non-canon). <SEP> <P3-S0> "Zero Dark Thirty" is a 2012 American action thriller directed and co-produced by Kathryn Bigelow with screenplay by Mark Boal. <P3-S1>  The film was released in the United States on December 19, 2012, with a limited release at five theaters in Los Angeles and New York City. <P3-S2>  It made $124,848 in its limited release weekend, making it one of the biggest limited mid-week openings ever. <P3-S3>  As of March 6, 2013, "Zero Dark Thirty" has grossed a worldwide total of $106.8 million. <P3-S4>  "Zero Dark Thirty" also received a high critical acclaim, accumulating an approval rating of 93% on the review aggregator site Rotten Tomatoes.
Question: Who produced the film that was Jennifer Kent's directorial debut?

<P0-S0> The Iron Giant is a 1999 American animated science-fiction comedy-drama action film using both traditional animation and computer animation, produced by and directed by Brad Bird in his directorial debut. <P0-S1>  It is based on the 1968 novel "The Iron Man" by Ted Hughes (which was published in the United States as "The Iron Giant") and was scripted by Tim McCanlies from a story treatment by Bird. <P0-S2>  The film stars the voices of Eli Marienthal, Christopher McDonald, Jennifer Aniston, Harry Connick, Jr., John Mahoney, and Vin Diesel. <P0-S3>  Set during the Cold War in 1957, the film is about a young boy named Hogarth Hughes, who discovers a giant metallic robot who fell from space. <P0-S4>  With the help of beatnik artist Dean McCoppin, they attempt to prevent the U.S. military and Kent Mansley, a paranoid federal agent, from finding and destroying the Giant. <SEP> <P1-S0> Jennifer Kent is an Australian actress, writer and director, best known for her horror film "The Babadook" (2014), which was her directorial debut. <P1-S1>  She is currently filming her second film, "The Nightingale". <SEP> <P2-S0>  The film stars Essie Davis, Noah Wiseman, Daniel Henshall, Hayley McElhinney, Barbara West, and Ben Winspear. <P2-S1>  It is based on the 2005 short film "Monster", also written and directed by Kent. <P2-S2> The Babadook is a 2014 Australian psychological horror film written and directed by Jennifer Kent in her directorial debut, and produced by Kristina Ceyton and Kristian Moliere. <SEP> <P3-S0> You Can't Kill Stephen King is a 2012 American comedy horror film that was directed by Monroe Mann, Ronnie Khalil, and Jorge Valdés-Iga, and is the directorial debut of Khalil and the feature film directorial debut of Mann. <P3-S1>  The film had its world premiere on 14 April 2012 at the Lewiston Auburn Film Festival and was later released to DVD on 9 December 2014 through Big Screen Entertainment Group. <P3-S2>  The film follows a group of friends that decide to visit the area horror author Stephen King lives, but find themselves threatened with their own potential deaths.
Question: Who had a perfect game against The Ignitor's team in 1998?

<P0-S0> On July 28, 1991, Dennis Martínez of the Montreal Expos pitched the 13th perfect game in Major League Baseball history, blanking the Los Angeles Dodgers 2-0 at Dodger Stadium. <P0-S1>  A native of Granada, Nicaragua, Martínez became the first pitcher born outside of the United States to pitch a perfect game. <P0-S2>  (He has since been joined by Venezuela native Félix Hernández, who pitched a perfect game in 2012.) <P0-S3>  The perfect game also made the Dodgers, the losing team in Tom Browning's perfect game in 1988, the first team to be on the losing end of consecutive perfect games; they have since been joined by the Tampa Bay Rays, who were the losing team in Mark Buehrle's perfect game in 2009 and Dallas Braden's perfect game the following year. <P0-S4>  After completing the perfect game, Martínez slowly walked into the Dodger stadium dugout, sat down by himself and cried. <SEP> <P1-S0> On May 18, 2004, Randy Johnson, who was a pitcher for the Major League Baseball (MLB) Arizona Diamondbacks, pitched a perfect game against the Atlanta Braves. <P1-S1>  The game took place at Turner Field in Atlanta in front of a crowd of 23,381 people. <P1-S2>  Johnson, who was 40 at the time, was the oldest pitcher in MLB history to throw a perfect game, surpassing Cy Young who was 37 when he threw his perfect game in 1904. <P1-S3>  The perfect game was the 17th in baseball history, the predecessor being David Cone in 1999 and the seventh in National League history, the predecessor being Dennis Martínez in 1991. <SEP> <P2-S0>  During his 21-year baseball career, he played for the Milwaukee Brewers (1978–1992), Toronto Blue Jays (1993–1995), and Minnesota Twins (1996–1998). <P2-S1>  He was known for his exceptional hitting and speed. <P2-S2>  He made seven All-Star Game appearances and was the World Series MVP in 1993. <P2-S3> Paul Leo Molitor (born August 22, 1956), nicknamed "Molly" and "The Ignitor", is an American former Major League Baseball (MLB) player and current manager of the Minnesota Twins, who is in the Baseball Hall of Fame. <SEP> <P3-S0> Like many Twins teams of its half-decade, the 1998 Minnesota Twins neither impressed nor contended. <P3-S1>  The team finished with a 70-92 record, with subpar batting and pitching. <P3-S2>  The season was not without its bright spots, as individual players had solid seasons and Hall of Fame designated hitter Paul Molitor announced his retirement at the end of the season. <P3-S3>  Tom Kelly's team had plenty of lowlights, most notably David Wells' perfect game against the team on May 17 at Yankee Stadium.