winkelee/scaling-down huggingface dataset:
Question: In what 1997 American mystery crime film did Johnny Galecki start in?

<P0-S0> John Mark Galecki (born April 30, 1975) is an American actor. <P0-S1>  Galecki also appeared in the films "National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation" (1989), "Prancer" (1989), "Suicide Kings" (1997), "I Know What You Did Last Summer" (1997), "Bookies" (2003), and "In Time" (2011). <P0-S2>  He is known for playing David Healy in the ABC sitcom "Roseanne" from 1992 to 1997 and Dr. Leonard Hofstadter in the CBS sitcom "The Big Bang Theory" since 2007. <SEP> <P1-S0> Suicide Kings is a 1997 American mystery crime film based on Don Stanford's short story "The Hostage" and directed by Peter O'Fallon. <P1-S1>  It stars Christopher Walken, Denis Leary, Sean Patrick Flanery, Johnny Galecki, Jay Mohr, Jeremy Sisto and Henry Thomas. <P1-S2>  The film follows the group of criminals who kidnap a respected Mafia figure. <P1-S3>  It has a 34% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes and grossed $1.7 million in the US. <SEP> <P2-S0> Penny is a fictional character on the American CBS sitcom "The Big Bang Theory", portrayed by actress Kaley Cuoco. <P2-S1>  She is the primary female character in the series, befriending her across-the-hall neighbors Leonard Hofstadter (Johnny Galecki) and Sheldon Cooper (Jim Parsons), two physicists who work at the nearby California Institute of Technology (Caltech). <P2-S2>  Penny's lack of advanced education, but outgoing personality and common sense drastically contrast with the personalities of the primary male characters in the series, even though she is considered part of their group. <P2-S3>  She is the love interest of Leonard, with whom she maintains a brief romantic relationship during the third season, which is later resumed in the fifth season and culminates in an engagement at the end of the seventh season and a wedding at the start of season 9. <P2-S4>  Penny is the only main character of the show whose last name has not been revealed, although she has been occasionally referred to or addressed with the last name Hofstadter since her wedding. <SEP> <P3-S0> Morgan's Ferry is a 2001 American crime drama film starring Billy Zane, Henry Rollins, Kelly McGillis, Roscoe Lee Browne, Johnny Galecki, Muse Watson and directed by Sam Pillsbury.
Question: The mass killing that took place at Oakland, California on April 2, 2012 was less deadly than the one that took place on October 1, 2015 in which state?

<P0-S0> Founded in 2012 by Scott Cross, Sean Cross, Eduardo Sanchez-Navarro Redo, Alfonso Pasquel, Juan Gallardo Thurlow, Eduardo Sanchez-Navarro Rivera Torres, and Pablo Sanchez-Navarro, the Los Cabos International Film Festival is an international film festival that takes place annually in mid-November in Los Cabos, Mexico. <P0-S1>  The 2012 Los Cabos International Film Festival (formerly Baja International Film Festival) took place November 14–17 in Los Cabos, Mexico. <P0-S2>  The 2013 Los Cabos International Film Festival took place November 13–16 in Cabo San Lucas, Mexico. <P0-S3>  The 2014 Los Cabos International Film Festival took place November 12–16, 2014 in Los Cabos, Mexico. <P0-S4>  The 2015 Los Cabos International Film Festival took place November 11–15, 2015 in Los Cabos, Mexico. <P0-S5>  The 2016 Los Cabos International Film Festival took place November 9–13, 2016 in Los Cabos, Mexico. <P0-S6>  The 2017 festival will take place November 8-12, 2017. <P0-S7>  Held in one of Mexico's premier resort destinations, the festival draws attendees and filmmakers from across Mexico, the United States and around the world. <SEP> <P1-S0> The 1972 American League Championship Series took place between October 7 and 12, 1972. <P1-S1>  The Oakland Athletics (93–62 on the season) played the Detroit Tigers (86–70 on the season) for the right to go to the 1972 World Series, with the A's coming out on top in the five-game series, 3–2. <P1-S2>  Games 1 and 2 took place at the Oakland Coliseum, and 3 through 5 took place at Tiger Stadium. <SEP> <P2-S0>  Chris Harper-Mercer, a 26-year-old enrolled at the school, fatally shot an assistant professor and eight students in a classroom. <P2-S1>  Seven to nine others were injured. <P2-S2>  Roseburg police detectives responding to the incident engaged Harper-Mercer in a brief shootout. <P2-S3>  After being wounded, he killed himself by shooting himself in the head. <P2-S4> The Umpqua Community College shooting occurred on October 1, 2015, at the UCC campus near Roseburg, Oregon, United States. <P2-S5>  The mass shooting was the deadliest in Oregon's modern history. <SEP> <P3-S0>  Within a few hours, the number of reported fatalities reached seven. <P3-S1>  43-year-old One L. Goh, a former student at the school, was taken into custody and identified as the suspect in the shootings. <P3-S2> The Oikos University shooting occurred on April 2, 2012, when a gunman shot at people inside Oikos University, a Korean Christian college in Oakland, California, United States. <P3-S3>  Along with the California State University, Fullerton massacre, this was the fourth-deadliest university shooting in United States history, after the Virginia Tech massacre, the University of Texas Clock Tower shooting, and the Umpqua Community College shooting, and the eighth-deadliest U.S. school massacre overall. <P3-S4>  It is also considered the deadliest mass killing in the city's history.
Question: What is the uppermost age range for the sort of fiction written by Alexander Gordon Smith?

<P0-S0> Although the epics of Celtic Ireland were written in prose and not verse, most people would probably consider that Irish fiction proper begins in the 18th century. <P0-S1>  However, there are aspects of Early Irish prose that appear to have had some influence on the Irish novel: the use of exaggeration for humorous effect, a near obsession with lists, and a strong sense of satire. <P0-S2>  This article is concerned with the history of Irish fiction written in English. <P0-S3>  For Irish fiction written in Irish, see Modern literature in Irish. <P0-S4>  For a general overview of Irish writing in all genres, see Irish literature. <SEP> <P1-S0> A Junior school is a type of school which provides primary education to children, often in the age range from 8 and 13, following attendance at Infant school which covers the age range 5-7. <P1-S1>  (As both Infant and Junior schools are giving Primary Education pupils are commonly placed in a unified building housing the age ranges of both Infants and Juniors - a Primary school). <SEP> <P2-S0> Alexander Gordon Smith (27 February 1979, Norwich, England) is an author of children and Young Adult fiction. <SEP> <P3-S0>  The age range for young adult fiction is subjective. <P3-S1> Young adult fiction or young adult literature (YA) is fiction published for readers in their youth. <P3-S2>  Some sources claim it ranges from ages 12–18, while authors and readers of "young teen novels" often define it as written for those aged 15 to the early 20s. <P3-S3>  The terms young adult novel, juvenile novel, teenage fiction, young adult book, etc., refer to the works in this category.
Question: What is the birthday of the actress who was the Duchess in "The Revengers Tragedy"?

<P0-S0> Diana Marilyn Quick (born 23 November 1946) is an English actress. <SEP> <P1-S0>  It was directed by Alex Cox and adapted for the screen by Cox's fellow Liverpudlian, Frank Cottrell Boyce. <P1-S1>  The film stars Christopher Eccleston as the revenge-obsessed Vindice, with Derek Jacobi as the evil Duke, Eddie Izzard as his lecherous son Lussurioso, Diana Quick as the Duchess, Andrew Schofield as Vindice's brother Carlo (a version of the play's Hippolito), Carla Henry as his virtuous sister Castiza, and Marc Warren and Justin Salinger as the Duchess's sons Supervacuo and Ambitioso. <P1-S2> Revengers Tragedy is a film adaptation of the 1606 play "The Revenger's Tragedy" (attributed to Thomas Middleton in the credits, following the current scholarly consensus). <SEP> <P2-S0> Revengers Tragedy is a 2003 album by Chumbawamba which served as the soundtrack to the 2003 film adaptation of the 1606 play "The Revenger's Tragedy". <SEP> <P3-S0> The Grand Duke's Official Birthday (French: "Célébration publique de l'anniversaire du souverain" ), also known as Luxembourgish National Day (French: "Fête nationale luxembourgeoise" , Luxembourgish: "Lëtzebuerger Nationalfeierdag" ), is celebrated as the annual national holiday of Luxembourg. <P3-S1>  It is celebrated on 23 June, although this has never been the actual birthday of any ruler of Luxembourg. <P3-S2>  When the monarch of Luxembourg is female, it is known as the Grand Duchess' Official Birthday.
Question: Which film starring Patrick Tatten is based on a book written by Steve Lopez?

<P0-S0> True Love (Spanish: Amor Verdadero) is a book written by the American entertainer Jennifer Lopez. <P0-S1>  A hardcover edition of the book was published in English and Spanish on November 4, 2014, by Celebra, a division of the Penguin Group. <P0-S2>  A portion of the proceeds from "True Love" goes to the Lopez Family Foundation, a nonprofit organization co-founded by Lopez that is dedicated to improving the health and well-being of women and children. <SEP> <P1-S0> The Soloist is a 2009 British-American drama film directed by Joe Wright, and starring Jamie Foxx and Robert Downey, Jr.. <P1-S1>  The screenplay by Susannah Grant is based on the book, "The Soloist" by Steve Lopez. <P1-S2>  It is based on the true story of Nathaniel Ayers, a musician who developed schizophrenia and became homeless. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Three Lives of Thomasina is a 1963 British fantasy film starring Patrick McGoohan, Susan Hampshire, child actor Matthew Garber and child actress Karen Dotrice in a story about a cat and her influence on a family. <P2-S1>  The screenplay was written by Robert Westerby and Paul Gallico. <P2-S2>  It was based upon Gallico's 1957 novel "Thomasina, the Cat Who Thought She Was God". <P2-S3>  The film was directed by Don Chaffey, and shot in Inveraray, Argyll, Scotland, and Pinewood Studios, England. <P2-S4>  "Thomasina" has been broadcast on television and released to VHS and DVD. <SEP> <P3-S0> Patrick James Bolger Tatten (born January 21, 1981) is an American actor and producer. <P3-S1>  He is best known for roles in films such as: "Dirty Deeds", "The Good German", "The Soloist" , "Lucky Bastard" & the t.v. series Boystown on "OutTV".
Question: What is the year of the event that occured first, Making Today a Perfect Day was produced, or Frozen was produced?

<P0-S0> Frozen Fever is a 2015 American computer-animated musical fantasy short film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures. <P0-S1>  It is a sequel to the 2013 feature film "Frozen", and tells the story of Anna's birthday party given by Elsa with the help of Kristoff, Sven, and Olaf. <P0-S2>  Chris Buck and Jennifer Lee again served as the directors with Kristen Bell, Idina Menzel, Jonathan Groff, and Josh Gad providing the lead voices. <SEP> <P1-S0>  It was released as a single in the United States on March 12, 2015. <P1-S1> "Making Today a Perfect Day" is a song from the 2015 Walt Disney Animation Studios computer-animated short film "Frozen Fever", with music and lyrics by Kristen Anderson-Lopez and Robert Lopez and performed throughout most of the short. <SEP> <P2-S0> Shaggy Dog Story is a charity programme for Children in Need, put together by the BBC in 1999 as a sequel to the previous year's "Future Generations" video (featuring children's programmes), and the great success of 1997's "Perfect Day" charity single. <P2-S1>  It was first shown on 27 December 1999. <SEP> <P3-S0> New Scandinavian Cooking is a Scandinavian cooking show which, over the course of ten seasons, was hosted by Andreas Viestad, Tina Nordström, and Claus Meyer, produced by the Norwegian production company Tellus Works in collaboration with American Public Television (APT). <P3-S1>  A sequel series titled Perfect Day continued with the original hosts in rotation, with the cast addition of Sara La Fountain. <P3-S2>  It is also broadcast on channels such as AFC.
Question: Where is the Cocoa Krispies and former Superman sponsor located?

<P0-S0> Cocoa Krispies, Choco Krispis, Choco Krispies, Coco Pops, or Choco Pops is a breakfast cereal produced by Kellogg's, coming both as a boxed cereal and as a snack bar with a 'dried milk' covered bottom, to make the cereal with milk tradition portable. <P0-S1>  It is a cocoa flavored version of Rice Krispies. <P0-S2>  Containing a substance imitating milk chocolate, the cereal can turn milk "chocolatey." <SEP> <P1-S0>  Kellogg's produces cereal and convenience foods, including cookies, crackers, toaster pastries, cereal bars, fruit-flavored snacks, frozen waffles, and vegetarian foods. <P1-S1>  The company's brands include Froot Loops, Apple Jacks, Corn Flakes, Frosted Flakes, Rice Krispies, Special K, Cocoa Krispies, Keebler, Pringles, Pop-Tarts, Kashi, Cheez-It, Eggo, Nutri-Grain, Morningstar Farms, and many more. <P1-S2>  Kellogg's stated purpose is "Nourishing families so they can flourish and thrive." <P1-S3> The Kellogg Company (also Kellogg's, Kellogg, and Kellogg's of Battle Creek) is an American multinational food manufacturing company headquartered in Battle Creek, Michigan, United States. <SEP> <P2-S0> Superman: Tower of Power is a drop tower ride currently located at three Six Flags parks, and a former installment at Kentucky Kingdom. <SEP> <P3-S0> Adventures of Superman is an American television series based on comic book characters and concepts created in 1938 by Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster. <P3-S1>  The show was the first television series to feature Superman and began filming in 1951 in California on RKO-Pathé stages and the RKO Forty Acres back lot. <P3-S2>  It was sponsored by cereal manufacturer Kellogg's. <P3-S3>  The show, which was produced for first-run television syndication rather than a network, has disputed first and last air dates, but they are generally accepted as September 19, 1952 and April 28, 1958. <P3-S4>  The show's first two seasons (episodes 1–52, 26 titles per season) were filmed in black-and-white; seasons three through six (episodes 53–104, 13 titles per season) were filmed in color but originally telecast in black and white. <P3-S5>  "Superman" was not shown in color until 1965 when the series was syndicated to local stations.
Question: "Ew!" is a song by a television host born where?

<P0-S0>  He is known for his work in television as a cast member on "Saturday Night Live" and as the host of late-night talk show "The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon". <P0-S1>  He was born in Bay Ridge, Brooklyn and raised in Saugerties, New York. <P0-S2>  He grew up with an interest in comedy and music, moving to Los Angeles at 21 to pursue stand-up opportunities. <P0-S3> James Thomas Fallon (born September 19, 1974) is an American comedian, actor, television host, and musician. <SEP> <P1-S0> James Joseph Puplava (born 1950) is an investment analyst and Internet radio show host born in Gary, Indiana. <P1-S1>  He is the founder, president & CEO of the Puplava Financial Services (PFS) Inc. group, and Puplava Securities Inc. <P1-S2>  He is also chief author and host for the "Financial Sense Newshour". <P1-S3>  His companies manage $400 million for more than 825 clients (as of December 31, 2012). <P1-S4>  Puplava's website at financialsense.com was named a "supersite for alternative investing" by The Globe and Mail, Canada's largest-circulation national newspaper. <SEP> <P2-S0>  is a song by American television host and comedian Jimmy Fallon, featuring American rapper will.i.am. <P2-S1> "Ew!" <P2-S2>  The song is based on a sketch from "The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon", in which Fallon and guests play teenage girls constantly disgusted by things around them. <SEP> <P3-S0> Denis Latin is a Croatian television host born on 14 February 1966 in Šibenik.
Question: The northern English anglian Kingdom in the Humber estuary spoke what dialect of english?

<P0-S0> Northumbrian was a dialect of Old English spoken in the Anglian Kingdom of Northumbria. <P0-S1>  Together with Mercian, Kentish and West Saxon, it forms one of the sub-categories of Old English devised and employed by modern scholars. <SEP> <P1-S0> The Essex dialect is a rapidly disappearing dialect similar to some forms of East Anglian English and is now mainly confined to the north and the east of Essex. <P1-S1>  It shares vast similarities with both Suffolk and Norfolk dialects, with its own peculiarities. <P1-S2>  With rapid urbanisation in the twentieth century as well as the impact of the London overspill, Estuary English, a milder form of the London accent predominant largely along the Thames Estuary and thus the name, has become common, mainly in the southern portion of the county. <P1-S3>  As a result of the growing London influence, the usage of rural accents everywhere and the rural Essex dialect is now normally, but not always, confined to older generations in some of the areas affected and the dialect itself stands in a vulnerable state in those affected parts of the county. <P1-S4>  Elsewhere in Essex, the dialect and rural accent continues. <SEP> <P2-S0> The Cumbrian dialect is a local Northern English dialect in decline, spoken in Cumbria (including historic Cumberland and Westmorland) and surrounding northern England, not to be confused with the area's extinct Celtic language, Cumbric. <P2-S1>  Most of the parts of Cumbria have a more North-East English sound to them. <P2-S2>  Whilst clearly being a Northern English accent, it shares much vocabulary with Scots. <P2-S3>  A "Cumbrian Dictionary of Dialect, Tradition and Folklore" by William Rollinson exists, as well a more contemporary and lighthearted "Cumbrian Dictionary and Phrase Book". <SEP> <P3-S0>  The name reflects the approximate southern limit to the kingdom's territory, the Humber estuary. <P3-S1> The Kingdom of Northumbria ( ; Old English: "Norþhymbra rīce" , "kingdom of the Northumbrians") was a medieval Anglian kingdom in what is now northern England and south-east Scotland, which subsequently became an earldom in a unified English kingdom.
Question: What Kentucky county has a population of 60,316 and features the Lake Louisvilla neighborhood?

<P0-S0>  As of the 2010 census, the population was 60,316. <P0-S1>  Its county seat is La Grange. <P0-S2>  The county is named for Colonel William Oldham. <P0-S3>  Oldham County was a prohibition or completely dry county until January 2005 as the result of a 2004 'moist' vote, permitting sales of alcohol in restaurants that seat at least 100 patrons in which 70%+ of total revenue is derived from sales of food. <P0-S4> Oldham County is a county located in the commonwealth of Kentucky. <P0-S5>  After a vote in late 2015; Oldham county has become a completely wet county. <SEP> <P1-S0> Lake Louisvilla is a neighborhood partially located in Louisville, Kentucky. <P1-S1>  It is located between Westport Road in Louisville and KY 22 in Oldham County. <P1-S2>  Lake Louisvilla was developed in the 1920s as a summer resort for people living in the city of Louisville. <P1-S3>  The state of Kentucky drained the lake in the late 1980s due to safety concerns regarding the stability of a dam. <SEP> <P2-S0> Casey County is a county located in the U.S. Commonwealth of Kentucky. <P2-S1>  As of the 2010 census, the population was 15,955. <P2-S2>  Its county seat is Liberty. <P2-S3>  The county was formed in 1806 from the western part of Lincoln County and named for Colonel William Casey, a pioneer settler who moved his family to Kentucky in 1779. <P2-S4>  It is the only Kentucky county entirely in the Knobs region. <P2-S5>  Casey County is home to annual Casey County Apple Festival, and is a prohibition or dry county. <P2-S6>  It is considered part of the Appalachian region of Kentucky. <SEP> <P3-S0> Tara Elizabeth Conner (born December 18, 1985) is an American actress, model, advocate and beauty queen who was crowned Miss USA 2006 and has also competed in the Miss Teen USA and Miss Universe pageants. <P3-S1>  Apart from her role as Miss USA, Conner has been employed as a model. <P3-S2>  She was a featured model on the HDNet series "Bikini Destinations" in 2004, posing in Lake Tahoe. <P3-S3>  She has also held the titles Miss Kentucky Teen USA 2002, Miss Kentucky County Fair 2004, and Miss Kentucky USA 2006.
Question: Where is the singer of "B Boy" raised?

<P0-S0> "B Boy" is a song by American hip hop recording artist Meek Mill. <P0-S1>  It was released as a third single from "Dreams Worth More Than Money" on March 3, 2015, by Maybach Music Group and Atlantic Records. <P0-S2>  The song, which was produced by Sap, features guest appearances from Big Sean and ASAP Ferg. <SEP> <P1-S0>  Raised in Philadelphia, he embarked on his music career as a battle rapper, and later formed a short-lived rap group, The Bloodhoundz. <P1-S1>  In 2008, Atlanta-based rapper T.I. signed Meek Mill to his first record deal. <P1-S2>  In February 2011, after leaving Grand Hustle Records, Mill signed with Miami-based rapper Rick Ross's Maybach Music Group (MMG). <P1-S3>  Mill's debut album, "Dreams and Nightmares", was released in 2012 under MMG and Warner Bros. <P1-S4>  Records. <P1-S5>  The album, preceded by the single "Young & Gettin' It", debuted at number two on the U.S. "Billboard" 200. <P1-S6> Robert Rihmeek Williams (born May 6, 1987), better known by his stage name, Meek Mill, is an American hip hop recording artist. <SEP> <P2-S0> Under the Blue Moon is the fifth studio album by American R&B boy band New Edition by MCA on November 24, 1986. <P2-S1>  Their fourth album and third with MCA and first album after New Edition member Bobby Brown was voted out of the group, the group was going through a transitional phase during this period. <P2-S2>  It is their only album as a quartet. <P2-S3>  The album reached number 43 on the "Billboard" 200, and number 18 on the R&B albums chart. <P2-S4>  It was later certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). <SEP> <P3-S0> Omari Ishmael Grandberry (born November 12, 1984, known by his stage name Omarion) is an American singer, songwriter, rapper, actor and dancer. <P3-S1>  He is best known as being the lead singer of the American R&B boy band B2K; the group achieved success with singles like "Bump, Bump, Bump", "Uh Huh", and "Girlfriend", which all reached success on the "Billboard" Hot 100. <P3-S2>  After the group's disbandment, Omarion released his debut solo album, "O" (2005), which debuted atop the "Billboard" 200 and received a Grammy Award nomination for Best Contemporary R&B Album at the 48th Grammy Awards. <P3-S3>  His second solo album, "21" (2006), contained his second highest-charting single to date, "Ice Box", which reached the top 20 on the "Billboard" Hot 100. <P3-S4>  His third solo album, "Ollusion" (2010), was released on January 12, 2010, with the lead single, "I Get It In". <P3-S5>  His fourth solo album, "Sex Playlist" (2014), spawned the single, "Post to Be", which was certified 3x platinum and reached number 13 on the Hot 100 chart in May 2015, and became his highest charting single to date.
Question: What Danish eurodance group had a single called "Barbie Girl" which resulted in a lawsuit in 2002?

<P0-S0>  2002), was a series of lawsuits between Mattel and MCA Records that resulted from the 1997 Aqua song, "Barbie Girl". <P0-S1>  The case was ultimately dismissed. <P0-S2> Mattel v. MCA Records, 296 F.3d 894 (9th Cir. <SEP> <P1-S0> Aquarium is the debut studio album by Danish-Norwegian band Aqua. <P1-S1>  The album was released in Scandinavia on 26 March 1997 and in the United States on 9 September 1997. <P1-S2>  Although the group had been together for three years under their original name Joyspeed, their only release under that name was a single called "Itzy Bitsy Spider". <P1-S3>  The album is best known for including the successful singles "Barbie Girl", "Doctor Jones" and "Turn Back Time", the first of those being a huge hit across the globe. <P1-S4>  (The album was preceded by the two singles "Roses Are Red" and "My Oh My", with the latter re-released in 1998.) <SEP> <P2-S0> "Doctor Jones" is a song by Danish dance-pop group Aqua. <P2-S1>  Released as the band's fifth single overall, it was the follow-up to their most successful song "Barbie Girl" in many regions. <P2-S2>  "Doctor Jones" was a similarly pop-oriented hit which sold well across the globe and ended the assumptions that Aqua would be a one-hit wonder; although they would remain so in America as "Barbie Girl" was their only hit there until "Lollipop (Candyman)" was released and hit the top 40 on the Hot 100. <SEP> <P3-S0>  The group formed in 1989 and achieved huge success around the globe in the late 1990s and early 2000s. <P3-S1> Aqua is a Danish eurodance group, best known for their 1997 breakthrough single "Barbie Girl". <P3-S2>  The group released three albums: "Aquarium" in 1997, "Aquarius" in 2000 and "Megalomania" in 2011. <P3-S3>  The group sold an estimated 33 million albums and singles, making them the most profitable Danish band ever.
Question: Which case was decided first, Selle v. Gibb or Reynolds v. Sims?

<P0-S0> Charles "Chuck" Morgan Jr. (March 11, 1930 – January 8, 2009) was an American civil rights attorney from Alabama who played a key role in establishing the principle of "one man, one vote" in the Supreme Court of the United States decision in the 1964 case "Reynolds v. Sims" and represented Julian Bond and Muhammad Ali in their legal battles. <SEP> <P1-S0>  1984) was a landmark ruling on the doctrine of striking similarities. <P1-S1>  The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit ruled that while copying must be proved by access and substantial similarity, where evidence of access does not exist, striking similarities may raise an inference of copying by showing that the work could not have been the result of independent creation, coincidence, or common source. <P1-S2>  Striking similarity alone is not enough to infer access. <P1-S3> Selle v. Gibb, 741 F.2d 896 (7th Cir. <P1-S4>  The similarity must preclude independent creation in order to infer access. <SEP> <P2-S0>  The case was brought on behalf of voters in Alabama by M.O. Sims, a taxpayer in Birmingham, Alabama, but affected both northern and southern states that had similarly failed to reapportion their legislatures in keeping with changes in state population after its application in five companion cases in Colorado, New York, Maryland, Virginia, and Delaware. <P2-S1> Reynolds v. Sims, 377 U.S. 533 (1964) was a United States Supreme Court case that ruled that unlike in the election of the United States Senate, in the election of "any" chamber of a state legislature the electoral districts must be roughly equal in population (thus negating the traditional function of a State Senate, which was to allow rural counties to counter balance large towns and cities). <SEP> <P3-S0> West v. Barnes, 2 U.S. 401 (1791), was the first United States Supreme Court decision and the earliest case calling for oral argument. " <P3-S1> Van Staphorst v. Maryland" (1791) was docketed prior to "West v. Barnes" but settled before the Court heard the case: "West" was argued on August 2, 1791 and decided on August 3, 1791. " <P3-S2> Collet v. Collet" (1791) was the first appellate case docketed with the Court but was dropped before it could be heard. <P3-S3>  Supreme Court Reporter Alexander Dallas did not publish the justices' full opinions in "West v. Barnes", which were published in various newspapers around the country at the time, but he published an abbreviated summary of the decisions.
Question: Did Franki Valli sing with Hellogoodbye or The Four Seasons?

<P0-S0> The Four Seasons is an American rock and pop band that became internationally successful in the 1960s and 1970s. <P0-S1>  The Vocal Group Hall of Fame has stated that the group was the most popular rock band before the Beatles. <P0-S2>  Since 1970, they have also been known at times as Frankie Valli and the Four Seasons. <P0-S3>  In 1960, the group known as the Four Lovers evolved into the Four Seasons, with Frankie Valli as the lead singer, Bob Gaudio (formerly of the Royal Teens) on keyboards and tenor vocals, Tommy DeVito on lead guitar and baritone vocals, and Nick Massi on electric bass and bass vocals. <SEP> <P1-S0> The Wonder Who? <P1-S1>  was a "nom de disque" of The Four Seasons for four single records released from 1965 to 1967. <P1-S2>  It was one of a handful of "names" used by the group at that time, including Frankie Valli (as a "solo" artist even though the Four Seasons were present on the record) and The Valli Boys. <P1-S3>  Wonder Who? <P1-S4>  recordings generally feature the falsetto singing by Valli, but with a softer falsetto than on "typical" Four Seasons recordings. <SEP> <P2-S0>  They were signed to Drive-Thru Records and released their first full-length album "Zombies! <P2-S1>  Aliens! <P2-S2>  Vampires! <P2-S3>  Dinosaurs! <P2-S4> Hellogoodbye (sometimes styled as hellogoodbye) is a pop rock band that was formed in Huntington Beach, California in 2001 by singer Forrest Kline. <P2-S5> " in 2006, in addition to their previously released EP "Hellogoodbye" and DVD "OMG HGB DVD ROTFL". <P2-S6>  In 2010, the band released "Would It Kill You? <P2-S7> " on their label Wasted Summer Records. <P2-S8>  The album was released in the United Kingdom and Europe by LAB Records on the 14 March 2011. <P2-S9>  Hellogoodbye released their third album, Everything is Debatable, on October 29, 2013, while touring as the opening act for Paramore's The Self-Titled Tour. <SEP> <P3-S0> Valli was the sixth solo LP album by Frankie Valli of The Four Seasons, released by Private Stock under catalog number PS-2017 as a stereo recording in 1976. <P3-S1>  It was reissued on compact disc in 2008, paired with his first solo effort from Private Stock, "Close Up", by Collector's Choice.
Question: What was the name of the 19th century foundry which was located in a village directly across the Hudson River from Westpoint in Putnam County, New York?

<P0-S0> Born in Lee, New Hampshire, he was the son of John Fabyan Parrott. <P0-S1>  He graduated with honors from the United States Military Academy, third of the Class of 1824. <P0-S2>  He resigned from the army four months later to become the superintendent the West Point Iron and Cannon Foundry in Cold Spring, New York, with which he would be associated for the remainder of his life. <P0-S3>  Parrott was assigned to the 3rd U.S. Artillery as a second lieutenant. <P0-S4>  He remained at West Point as an instructor until 1829, then had garrison duty and served as a staff officer in operations against the Creek Indians early in 1836 before moving to Washington, D.C., in July as Captain of Ordnance. <P0-S5>  In 1839 he married Mary Kemble, sister of Gouverneur Kemble, founder of the ironworks. <SEP> <P1-S0> Jones Point is a hamlet located in the town of Stony Point in Rockland County in the state of New York, United States. <P1-S1>  Located north of Tomkins Cove; east of Bear Mountain State Park; south of Iona Island; and west of the Hudson River. <P1-S2>  It is directly across the Hudson River from the city of Peekskill and lies at the foot of Dunderberg Mountain. <SEP> <P2-S0> Bull Hill, also known as Mount Taurus, is a mountain north of the village of Cold Spring on the Hudson River in Putnam County in the State of New York. <P2-S1>  It is part of the river-straddling range known as the Hudson Highlands. <P2-S2>  The original name came after a bull that used to terrorize the mountain was chased by indignant inhabitants. <P2-S3>  A hunting party drove the bull over the hill. <P2-S4>  In an attempt to flee the mountaineers, the bull plunged out into space and fell down. <P2-S5>  Its broken and shapeless mass on the rocks was memorialized in the name of the mountain the bull used to haunt. <SEP> <P3-S0> Cold Spring is a village in the town of Philipstown in Putnam County, New York, United States. <P3-S1>  The population was 1,983 at the 2010 census. <P3-S2>  It borders the smaller village of Nelsonville and Garrison. <P3-S3>  The central area of the village is on the National Register of Historic Places as the Cold Spring Historic District due to its many well-preserved 19th-century buildings, constructed to accommodate workers at the nearby West Point Foundry (itself a Registered Historic Place today). <P3-S4>  The town is the birthplace of General Gouverneur K. Warren, who was an important figure in the Union Army during the Civil War. <P3-S5>  The village, located in the Hudson Highlands, sits at the deepest point of the Hudson River, directly across from West Point. <P3-S6>  Cold Spring serves as a weekend getaway for many residents of New York City.
Question: when was the album that includes the song by Dustin Lynch released to country radio on February 17, 2017?

<P0-S0>  It was released to country radio on February 17, 2017 as the second single from his third studio album, "Current Mood". <P0-S1> "Small Town Boy" is a song recorded by American country music artist Dustin Lynch. <SEP> <P1-S0> Dustin Lynch is the debut studio album by American country music artist Dustin Lynch. <P1-S1>  It was released on August 21, 2012 by Broken Bow Records. <P1-S2>  Lynch wrote or co-wrote ten of the album's thirteen tracks, including the first single, "Cowboys and Angels". <P1-S3>  The album's second single, "She Cranks My Tractor", was released to country radio on November 19, 2012. <P1-S4>  The album has sold 100,000 copies as of December 2012. <P1-S5>  The album's third single, "Wild in Your Smile", was released to country radio on May 27, 2013. <SEP> <P2-S0> Current Mood is the third studio album by American country music singer Dustin Lynch. <P2-S1>  The album includes the singles "Seein' Red" and "Small Town Boy", which have both reached number one on the Country Airplay chart. <P2-S2>  It was released on September 8, 2017, via Broken Bow Records. <SEP> <P3-S0> Kill the Lights is the fifth studio album by American country music artist Luke Bryan. <P3-S1>  It was released on August 7, 2015, by Capitol Nashville. <P3-S2>  The album's lead single, "Kick the Dust Up", was released to country radio on May 19, 2015. " <P3-S3> Strip It Down" was released as the second single from the album on August 4, 2015. <P3-S4>  The album's third single, "Home Alone Tonight", was released to country radio on November 23, 2015. <P3-S5>  The album's fourth single, "Huntin', Fishin' and Lovin' Every Day" released to country radio on March 14, 2016. <P3-S6>  The album's fifth single, "Move" released to country radio on July 25, 2016. <P3-S7>  All five singles reached number one on the "Billboard" Country Airplay chart, making Bryan the first country music artist ever to have five number one singles from two albums apiece. <P3-S8>  In November 2016, the album's sixth and final single, "Fast", was sent to country radio. <P3-S9>  With "Fast" also reaching number one in April 2017, Bryan became the first artist in the chart's history to achieve six number one singles from one album.
Question: Are Phlebodium and Pieris both species of ferns?

<P0-S0>  The genus is closely related to "Polypodium", and the species were formerly included in that genus. <P0-S1> Phlebodium is a small genus of two to four species of ferns, native to tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas. <SEP> <P1-S0> Phlebodium aureum (golden polypody, golden serpent fern, cabbage palm fern, gold-foot fern, hare-foot fern; syn. <P1-S1>  "Polypodium aureum", "Polypodium leucatomos") is an epiphytic fern native to tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas. <P1-S2>  It is confined to the eastern side of the continents, extending north into the United States to Florida and the extreme southeast of Georgia, and south through the Caribbean (the Bahamas, Puerto Rico, and Lesser Antilles), and northern and eastern South America to Paraguay. <P1-S3>  It is the only species of "Phlebodium" found in North America, the other species all confined to South America. <P1-S4>  Other common names include calaguala (Spanish language), laua`e haole (Hawaiian), samambaia (Portuguese), and hartassbräken (Swedish). <SEP> <P2-S0>  Known commonly in North America as andromedas or fetterbushes, they are broad-leaved evergreen shrubs growing to 1 - tall and 3 - wide. <P2-S1>  The leaves are spirally arranged, often appearing to be in whorls at the end of each shoot with bare stretches of shoot below; they are lanceolate-ovate, 2 - long and 1.0 - broad, leathery textured, and with an entire or serrated margin. <P2-S2>  The young leaves in spring are typically brightly coloured. <P2-S3>  The flowers are bell-shaped, 5 - long, white or pink, and arranged in racemes 5 - long. <P2-S4>  The fruit is a woody capsule which splits into five sections to release the numerous small seeds. <P2-S5> Pieris ( or ) is a genus of seven species of shrubs in the family Ericaceae, native to mountain regions of eastern and southern Asia, eastern North America and Cuba. <SEP> <P3-S0> Leptosporangiate ferns are the largest group of living ferns, including some 11000 species worldwide. <P3-S1>  They constitute the subclass Polypodiidae, but are often considered to be the class Pteridopsida or Polypodiopsida, although other classifications assign them a different rank. <P3-S2>  The leptosporangiate ferns are one of the four major groups of ferns, with the other three being the Eusporangiate ferns comprising the marattioid ferns (Marattiidae, Marattiaceae), the horsetails (Equisetiidae, Equisetaceae), and whisk ferns and moonworts.
Question: Which novelist, J. G. Farrell or Louis Aragon, wrote of the political and human consequences of his country's colonial rule?

<P0-S0> Les Chansons d'Aragon (English: ""Songs of Aragon"") is an album by Léo Ferré, released in 1961 by Barclay Records. <P0-S1>  It is his second album dedicated to a poet, after Baudelaire's "Les Fleurs du mal" in 1957. <P0-S2>  Here, Ferré focuses on former surrealist Louis Aragon, but the body of work he chooses (poetry collection "Le Roman inachevé", mostly) is not surrealistic. <SEP> <P1-S0> Louis Aragon (] , 3 October 1897 – 24 December 1982) was a French poet, who was one of the leading voices of the surrealist movement in France, who co-founded with André Breton and Philippe Soupault the surrealist review "Littérature". <P1-S1>  He was also a novelist and editor, a long-time member of the Communist Party and a member of the Académie Goncourt. <SEP> <P2-S0> James Gordon Farrell (25 January 1935 – 11 August 1979) was a Liverpool-born novelist of Irish descent. <P2-S1>  He gained prominence for a series of novels known as the "Empire Trilogy" ("Troubles", "The Siege of Krishnapur" and "The Singapore Grip"), which deal with the political and human consequences of British colonial rule. <SEP> <P3-S0> According to the Republic of Niger's Constitution of 1999, most human rights, as defined by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, are upheld and protected. <P3-S1>  Despite these protections, concerns of both domestic and international human rights organizations have been raised over the behavior of the government, military, police forces, and over the continuation of traditional practices which contravene the 1999 constitution. <P3-S2>  Under French colonial rule (1900–1960) and from independence until 1992, citizens of Niger had few political rights, and lived under arbitrary government power. <P3-S3>  Although the situation has improved since the return to civilian rule, criticisms remain over the state of human rights in the country.
Question: The Waterloo Vase has been used as a garden ornament at whose residence and administrative headquarters?

<P0-S0>  Since 1906, it has been used as a garden ornament in the garden of Buckingham Palace, London. <P0-S1> The Waterloo Vase is a great urn, 15ft (5m) high and weighing 20 tons, fashioned from a single piece of Carrara marble. <SEP> <P1-S0> A whirligig is an object that spins or whirls, or has at least one part that spins or whirls. <P1-S1>  Whirligigs are also known as pinwheels, buzzers, comic weathervanes, gee-haws, spinners, whirlygigs, whirlijig, whirlyjig, whirlybird, or plain whirly. <P1-S2>  Whirligigs are most commonly powered by the wind but can be hand, friction, or motor powered. <P1-S3>  They can be used as a kinetic garden ornament. <P1-S4>  They can be designed to transmit sound and vibration into the ground to repel burrowing rodents in yards, gardens, and backyards. <SEP> <P2-S0> Wind chimes are a type of percussion instrument constructed from suspended tubes, rods, bells or other objects that are often made of metal or wood. <P2-S1>  The tubes or rods are suspended along with some type of weight or surface which the tubes or rods can strike when they or another wind-catching surface are blown by the natural movement of air outside. <P2-S2>  They are usually hung outside of a building or residence as a visual and aural garden ornament. <P2-S3>  Since the percussion instruments are struck according to the random effects of the wind blowing the chimes, wind chimes have been considered an example of chance-based music. <P2-S4>  The tubes or rods may sound either indistinct pitches, or fairly distinct pitches. <P2-S5>  Wind chimes that sound fairly distinct pitches can, through the chance movement of air, create simple melodies or broken chords. <SEP> <P3-S0>  Located in the City of Westminster, the palace is often at the centre of state occasions and royal hospitality. <P3-S1>  It has been a focal point for the British people at times of national rejoicing and mourning. <P3-S2> Buckingham Palace ( ) is the London residence and administrative headquarters of the reigning monarch of the United Kingdom.
Question: What is the name of this Fortune 500 American company that operates a chain of retail home improvement stores that sponsored House Rules?

<P0-S0> Lithia Motors, Inc. is an American nationwide automotive retailer headquartered in Medford, Oregon. <P0-S1>  It is the fourth largest automotive retailer in the United States. <P0-S2>  In 2015, Lithia Motors broke into the Fortune 500 list at #482, making it one of only three Oregon-based companies in the Fortune 500. <P0-S3>  This followed a year that saw the acquisition of the DCH Auto Group, one of the 10 largest dealer groups in the country, with 27 dealerships, before being purchased by Lithia Motors. <P0-S4>  In 2016, Lithia climbed to #346 and that same year made the Fortune 500 List of Top Ten Companies with the biggest Jump in rank on the Fortune 500. <P0-S5>  Today, Lithia is ranked #318 on the Fortune 500. <P0-S6>  Lithia employs more than 11,100 people in stores across the nation including Alaska and Hawaii. <P0-S7>  Lithia operates 160 stores in 18 states. <SEP> <P1-S0> EpiCentre K (Ukrainian: Епіцентр К ) is a national chain of stores in Ukraine that specializes in home improvement and gardening. <P1-S1>  The company is one of the first in the nation to introduce a chain of home improvement stores and has attained a great deal of success in expending throughout Ukraine in short period of time. <SEP> <P2-S0>  It featured three couples that competed in a 13-week remodeling contest. <P2-S1>  After doing most of the technical work, the winning team received the home they had just remodeled. <P2-S2>  The show was sponsored by Lowe's. <P2-S3> House Rules is an American television show hosted by Mark L. Walberg that aired on TBS in 2003. <SEP> <P3-S0> Lowe's Companies, Inc. is a Fortune 500 American company that operates a chain of retail home improvement and appliance stores in the United States, Canada, and Mexico. <P3-S1>  Founded in 1946 in North Wilkesboro, North Carolina, the chain has 1,840 stores in the United States, Canada, and Mexico.
Question: For what "first" was Ivory Lee Brown's nephew credited for in Heisman Trophy balloting?

<P0-S0> The 1964 Illinois Fighting Illini football team represented the University of Illinois in the 1964 Big Ten Conference football season. <P0-S1>  Dick Butkus played center and linebacker for Illinoisfrom 1962 through 1964. <P0-S2>  During the 1964 season, Butkus was a unanimous pick for the 1964 College Football All-America Team, was named the American Football Coaches Association Player of the Year, finished third in Heisman Trophy balloting (a remarkable achievement for a lineman), and was selected as the team's most valuable player. <SEP> <P1-S0> Bobby Gene Humphrey (born October 11, 1966) is a former professional American football player who was selected in the first round by the Denver Broncos in the 1989 NFL Supplemental Draft after a stellar career at the University of Alabama. <P1-S1>  He was a three-sport star at Glenn High School in Birmingham, while receiving a scholarship to play football at Alabama. <P1-S2>  In his four seasons playing for the Crimson Tide, Humphrey rushed for 3,420 yards (A school record at the time), caught 60 passes for 523 yards, and scored 40 touchdowns. <P1-S3>  He made the College Football All-America Team in 1986 and 1987. <P1-S4>  In 1986, he set a school record with 1,471 rushing yards. <P1-S5>  In 1987, he was voted as UPI's offensive player of the year and finished 10th in the Heisman Trophy balloting. <SEP> <P2-S0>  He played for the Phoenix Cardinals of the NFL and the San Antonio Riders of the WLAF. <P2-S1> Ivory Lee Brown (born August 17, 1969) is a former professional American football running back in the National Football League and World League of American Football. <P2-S2>  Brown is the uncle of Minnesota Vikings running back Adrian Peterson. <SEP> <P3-S0> Adrian Lewis Peterson (born March 21, 1985) is an American football running back for the New Orleans Saints of the National Football League (NFL). <P3-S1>  He played college football at Oklahoma and was drafted by the Minnesota Vikings seventh overall in the 2007 NFL Draft. <P3-S2>  Peterson set the NCAA freshman rushing record with 1,925 yards as a true freshman during the 2004 season. <P3-S3>  As a unanimous first-team All-American, he became the first freshman to finish as the runner-up in the Heisman Trophy balloting. <P3-S4>  Peterson finished his college football career as the Sooners' third all-time leading rusher.
Question: What company did Roscoe Channing form with the owner of a leading stable of thoroughbred racehorses?

<P0-S0> Equix is a company in Lexington, Kentucky, founded in 1984. <P0-S1>  The company evaluates equine biometrics and motion through the use of high-speed digital tools for the purpose of finding athletic potential. <P0-S2>  Their products are used mainly on two-year-old Thoroughbred racehorses at training sales. <P0-S3>  Equix uses the measurements of horses in order to predict potential, and in so doing helps clients select both racehorses and breeding matches. <SEP> <P1-S0> Palm Meadows Thoroughbred Training Center is an American stable and training facility for Thoroughbred racehorses located near Boynton Beach, Florida, just north of the Gulfstream Park racetrack. <P1-S1>  It is owned by Stronach Group. <P1-S2>  It was built by MI Developments (MID) at a cost of $90 million. <P1-S3>  The 304 acre center opened in November 2002 and is regarded as one of horse racing's largest and most modern training centers in the United States. <SEP> <P2-S0> Roscoe H. Channing, Jr. (January 7, 1868 – April 1, 1961) was an All-American football player, member of the Rough Riders and mining executive. <P2-S1>  Channing was an All-American halfback for Princeton University. <P2-S2>  He was one of eleven players selected by Caspar Whitney for the first ever College Football All-America Team in 1889. <P2-S3>  When the Spanish–American War commenced in 1898, Channing enlisted in Theodore Roosevelt's Rough Riders. <P2-S4>  Roosevelt took pride in how many Ivy League football players enlisted in the Rough Riders. <P2-S5>  Channing later went into the mining business and managed the mining operations of the Whitney family. <P2-S6>  The two formed the Hudson Bay Mining and Smelting Company in Flin Flon, Saskatchewan, Canada, and Channing served as the company's President. <P2-S7>  In the 1920s, he formed a partnership with his friend Cornelius Vanderbilt Whitney. <P2-S8>  Channing died in 1961. <SEP> <P3-S0> Cornelius Vanderbilt "C.V." ("Sonny") Whitney (February 20, 1899 – December 13, 1992) was an American businessman, film producer, writer, philanthropist, polo player, and government official, as well as the owner of a leading stable of thoroughbred racehorses.