Question: When was the region immediately north of the region where the country in which Aluf can be found is located and the Persian Gulf established?

<P0-S0> Its extensive coastlines on the Persian Gulf and Red Sea provide great leverage on shipping (especially crude oil) through the Persian Gulf and Suez Canal. <P0-S1> The kingdom occupies 80% of the Arabian Peninsula. <P0-S2> The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a country situated in Southwest Asia, the largest country of Arabia, bordering the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea, north of Yemen. <P0-S3> Most of the country's boundaries with the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Oman, and the Republic of Yemen (formerly two separate countries: the Yemen Arab Republic or North Yemen; and the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen or South Yemen) are undefined, so the exact size of the country remains unknown. <P0-S4> The Saudi government estimate is at 2,217,949 square kilometres, while other reputable estimates vary between 2,149,690 and 2,240,000 sq. <P0-S5> kilometres. <P0-S6> Less than 1% of the total area is suitable for cultivation, and in the early 1990s, population distribution varied greatly among the towns of the eastern and western coastal areas, the densely populated interior oases, and the vast, almost empty deserts. <SEP> <P1-S0> The area of modern - day Saudi Arabia formerly consisted of four distinct regions: Hejaz, Najd and parts of Eastern Arabia (Al - Ahsa) and Southern Arabia ('Asir). <P1-S1> He united the four regions into a single state through a series of conquests beginning in 1902 with the capture of Riyadh, the ancestral home of his family, the House of Saud. <P1-S2> Saudi Arabia has since been an absolute monarchy, effectively a hereditary dictatorship governed along Islamic lines. <P1-S3> The ultraconservative Wahhabi religious movement within Sunni Islam has been called ``the predominant feature of Saudi culture '', with its global spread largely financed by the oil and gas trade. <P1-S4> Saudi Arabia is sometimes called`` the Land of the Two Holy Mosques'' in reference to Al - Masjid al - Haram (in Mecca) and Al - Masjid an - Nabawi (in Medina), the two holiest places in Islam. <P1-S5> The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was founded in 1932 by Ibn Saud. <P1-S6> As of 2013, the state had a total population of 28.7 million, of which 20 million were Saudi nationals and 8 million were foreigners. <P1-S7> As of 2017, the population is 33 million. <P1-S8> The state's official language is Arabic. <SEP> <P2-S0> Israel (/ˈɪzreɪəl/ or /ˈɪzriːəl/; Hebrew: יִשְׂרָאֵל‎ Yisrā'el; Arabic: إِسْرَائِيل‎ Isrāʼīl), officially the State of Israel (Hebrew: מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל‎ Medīnat Yisrā'el [mediˈnat jisʁaˈʔel] ( listen); Arabic: دولة إِسْرَائِيل‎ Dawlat Isrāʼīl [dawlat ʔisraːˈʔiːl]), is a sovereign state in Western Asia. <P2-S1> It shares land borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan on the east, the Palestinian territories (which are claimed by the State of Palestine and are partially controlled by Israel) comprising the West Bank and Gaza Strip to the east and west, respectively, and Egypt to the southwest. <P2-S2> It contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area. <P2-S3> Israel's financial and technology center is Tel Aviv while Jerusalem is both the self-designated capital and most populous individual city under the country's governmental administration. <P2-S4> Israeli sovereignty over Jerusalem is internationally unrecognized. <P2-S5> The country is situated in the Middle East at the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Gulf of Aqaba in the Red Sea. <P2-S6> [note 1] <SEP> <P3-S0> Born in Belfast and raised predominantly in Dublin, the son of Ireland's Chief Rabbi Yitzhak HaLevi Herzog, he emigrated to Mandatory Palestine in 1935 and served in the Haganah Jewish paramilitary group during the 1936–39 Arab revolt. <P3-S1> Major-General Chaim Herzog (; 17 September 1918 – 17 April 1997) was an Israeli politician, general, lawyer and author who served as the sixth President of Israel between 1983 and 1993. <P3-S2> In the British Army during World War II, latterly as an officer, he received the nickname "Vivian" because the British could not pronounce "Chaim". <P3-S3> He returned to Palestine after the war and, following the end of the British Mandate and Israel's Declaration of Independence in 1948, operated in the battles for Latrun during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. <P3-S4> He retired from the Israel Defence Forces in 1962 with the rank of Major-General. <SEP> <P4-S0> on the arabian peninsula, the arabs were able to establish a number of independent states. <P4-S1> in 1916 hussein bin ali, sharif of mecca, established the kingdom of hejaz, while the emirate of riyadh was transformed into the sultanate of nejd. <P4-S2> in 1926 the kingdom of nejd and hejaz was formed, which in 1932 became the kingdom of saudi arabia. <P4-S3> the mutawakkilite kingdom of yemen became independent in 1918, while the arab states of the persian gulf became de facto british protectorates, with some internal autonomy. <SEP> <P5-S0> geographically, iran is located in west asia and borders the caspian sea, persian gulf, and gulf of oman. <P5-S1> its mountains have helped to shape both the political and the economic history of the country for several centuries. <P5-S2> the mountains enclose several broad basins, on which major agricultural and urban settlements are located. <P5-S3> until the 20th century, when major highways and railroads were constructed through the mountains to connect the population centers, these basins tended to be relatively isolated from one another.