winkelee/scaling-down huggingface dataset:
Question: Who is the child of the Italian navigator who explored the eastern coast of the continent César Gaytan was born in for the English?

<P0-S0> He was the son of Italian explorer John Cabot (Giovanni Caboto) and his Venetian wife Mattea. <P0-S1> Sebastian Cabot (Italian and , ; , "Gaboto" or "Cabot"; 1474 – December 1557) was an Italian explorer, likely born in the Venetian Republic. <SEP> <P1-S0> To mark the celebration of the 500th anniversary of Cabot's expedition, both the Canadian and British governments elected Cape Bonavista, Newfoundland, as representing Cabot's first landing site. <P1-S1> John Cabot (Italian: Giovanni Caboto; c. 1450 -- c. 1500) was a Venetian navigator and explorer whose 1497 discovery of the coast of North America under the commission of Henry VII of England was the first European exploration of coastal North America since the Norse visits to Vinland in the eleventh century. <P1-S2> However, alternative locations have also been proposed. <SEP> <P2-S0> César Gaytan (born July 15, 1993 in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico) is an undefeated Mexican professional boxer in the Bantamweight division. <SEP> <P3-S0> after the founding of the colony of new south wales in 1788, australia was divided into an eastern half named new south wales and a western half named new holland, under the administration of the colonial government in sydney. <P3-S1> the first european settlement in the area later known as victoria was established in october 1803 under lieutenant-governor david collins at sullivan bay on port phillip. <P3-S2> it consisted of 402 people (5 government officials, 9 officers of marines, 2 drummers, and 39 privates, 5 soldiers' wives, and a child, 307 convicts, 17 convicts' wives, and 7 children). <P3-S3> they had been sent from england in hms calcutta under the command of captain daniel woodriff, principally out of fear that the french, who had been exploring the area, might establish their own settlement and thereby challenge british rights to the continent. <SEP> <P4-S0> the recorded history of maryland dates back to when europeans began exploring the area, starting with the italian / venetian john cabot (c. 1450 -- c. 1500), exploring the coast of the continent of north america for england in 1498. the first european settlements were made in 1634, when the english arrived in significant numbers and created a permanent colony. <P4-S1> maryland was notable for having been established with religious freedom for roman catholics. <P4-S2> like other colonies of the chesapeake bay, its economy was based on tobacco as a commodity crop, cultivated primarily by african slave labor, although many young people came from britain as indentured servants in the early years. <SEP> <P5-S0> Paula Santiago (born 1969 in Guadalajara) is a Mexican mixed media artist whose works have been displayed at the Monterrey Museum of Modern Art and several galleries in Europe and North America. <P5-S1> Most of her work stands out by being made with her own blood and hair.
Question: During WW2, who was the leader of the country near the country of citizenship of the writer of The Book Thief?

<P0-S0> The New Zealand Prime Minister of the time Michael Joseph Savage summed this up at the outbreak of war with a broadcast on 5 September (largely written by the Solicitor - General Henry Cornish) that became a popular cry in New Zealand during the war: <P0-S1> There was also a strong sentimental link between the former British colony and the United Kingdom, with many seeing Britain as the ``mother country ''or`` Home''. <SEP> <P1-S0> The Book Thief is a 2013 World War II war drama film directed by Brian Percival and starring Geoffrey Rush, Emily Watson, and Sophie Nélisse. <P1-S1> The film is about a young girl living with her adoptive German family during the Nazi era. <P1-S2> Taught to read by her kind - hearted foster father, the girl begins ``borrowing ''books and sharing them with the Jewish refugee being sheltered by her foster parents in their home. <P1-S3> The film is based on the 2005 novel The Book Thief by Markus Zusak and adapted by Michael Petroni. <P1-S4> The film features a musical score by Oscar - winning composer John Williams. <SEP> <P2-S0> alfred mayssonnié, nicknamed "maysso" (10 february 1884 – 6 september 1914), was a french rugby union player who appeared three times for the country's national team, and was also the first rugby international from any country to die in action in world war i. a native of lavernose, a village near toulouse, he played as scrum-half and fly-half and is credited to this day by stade toulousain as the strategist of the club's first great teams in the early 20th century. <SEP> <P3-S0> demon thief is a book in darren shan's "demonata" series. <P3-S1> though it is the second book in the series, it is a prequel to "lord loss", the first book in the series. <P3-S2> the protagonist is also different from that of the first book. <P3-S3> the narrator here is a new character called kernel fleck, as opposed to grubbs grady, the protagonist of the first book. <P3-S4> demon thief takes place about thirty years before "lord loss" so most of the characters from the first book did not appear, though a few did. <P3-S5> it was also actually the sixth book of the demonata to be written, although it was the second released. <SEP> <P4-S0> The Messenger is a 2002 Novel by Markus Zusak, and winner of the 2003 Children's Book Council of Australia Book of the Year Award. <SEP> <P5-S0> Thirty nations sent competitors, which was the highest number of participants at a Winter Games. <P5-S1> Australia, Germany, and Japan returned after a 16-year absence. <P5-S2> New Zealand and Portugal took part in the Winter Olympic Games for the first time. <P5-S3> South Korea, Liechtenstein, and Turkey competed in 1948 but did not participate in the 1952 Games.
Question: What is the name of the child of the Italian navigator who sailed for England and explored the east coast of the continent Francisco Vázquez' birthplace is located?

<P0-S0> italian navigator and explorer giovanni caboto (known in english as john cabot) is credited with the discovery of continental north america on june 24, 1497, under the commission of henry vii of england. <P0-S1> though the exact location of his discovery remains disputed, the canadian and united kingdom governments' official position is that he landed on the island of newfoundland. <P0-S2> the english presence through giovanni caboto was signaled in juan de la cosa's map of 1500. <SEP> <P1-S0> John Cabot (Italian: Giovanni Caboto; c. 1450 -- c. 1500) was a Venetian navigator and explorer whose 1497 discovery of the coast of North America under the commission of Henry VII of England was the first European exploration of coastal North America since the Norse visits to Vinland in the eleventh century. <P1-S1> To mark the celebration of the 500th anniversary of Cabot's expedition, both the Canadian and British governments elected Cape Bonavista, Newfoundland, as representing Cabot's first landing site. <P1-S2> However, alternative locations have also been proposed. <SEP> <P2-S0> He was the son of Italian explorer John Cabot (Giovanni Caboto) and his Venetian wife Mattea. <P2-S1> Sebastian Cabot (Italian and , ; , "Gaboto" or "Cabot"; 1474 – December 1557) was an Italian explorer, likely born in the Venetian Republic. <SEP> <P3-S0> wilkins runway is a single runway aerodrome operated by australia, located on upper glacier of the ice sheet preston heath, budd coast, wilkes land, on the continent of antarctica, but southeast of the actual coast. <P3-S1> it is named after sir hubert wilkins, a pioneer of antarctic aviation and exploration. <SEP> <P4-S0> Paula Santiago (born 1969 in Guadalajara) is a Mexican mixed media artist whose works have been displayed at the Monterrey Museum of Modern Art and several galleries in Europe and North America. <P4-S1> Most of her work stands out by being made with her own blood and hair. <SEP> <P5-S0> Francisco H. Vázquez (born June 11, 1949 in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico) is a Mexican-American scholar and public intellectual. <P5-S1> Vázquez is currently a tenured professor of the history of ideas and director of the Hutchins Institute for Public Policy Studies and Community Action at the nationally known Hutchins School of Liberal Studies at Sonoma State University. <P5-S2> He is also the director of the Hutchins Institute for Public Policy Studies and Community Action. <P5-S3> He co-authored the prominent book "Latino/a Thought: Culture, Politics, and Society", (Rowman & Littlefield) with University of California Irvine professor Rodolfo D. Torres in 2003. <P5-S4> A second edition by Vázquez alone was issued on December 2008.
Question: Whose navigator father explored the east coast of the region where Ignacio Esparza was later born?

<P0-S0> his fleet of 13 ships sailed far into the western atlantic ocean, perhaps intentionally, where he made landfall on what he initially assumed to be a large island. <P0-S1> as the new land was within the portuguese sphere according to the treaty of tordesillas, cabral claimed it for the portuguese crown. <P0-S2> he explored the coast, realizing that the large land mass was probably a continent, and dispatched a ship to notify king manuel i of the new territory. <P0-S3> the continent was south america, and the land he had claimed for portugal later came to be known as brazil. <P0-S4> the fleet reprovisioned and then turned eastward to resume the journey to india. <SEP> <P1-S0> He was the son of Italian explorer John Cabot (Giovanni Caboto) and his Venetian wife Mattea. <P1-S1> Sebastian Cabot (Italian and , ; , "Gaboto" or "Cabot"; 1474 – December 1557) was an Italian explorer, likely born in the Venetian Republic. <SEP> <P2-S0> John Cabot (Italian: Giovanni Caboto; c. 1450 -- c. 1500) was a Venetian navigator and explorer whose 1497 discovery of the coast of North America under the commission of Henry VII of England was the first European exploration of coastal North America since the Norse visits to Vinland in the eleventh century. <P2-S1> To mark the celebration of the 500th anniversary of Cabot's expedition, both the Canadian and British governments elected Cape Bonavista, Newfoundland, as representing Cabot's first landing site. <P2-S2> However, alternative locations have also been proposed. <SEP> <P3-S0> Most of her work stands out by being made with her own blood and hair. <P3-S1> Paula Santiago (born 1969 in Guadalajara) is a Mexican mixed media artist whose works have been displayed at the Monterrey Museum of Modern Art and several galleries in Europe and North America. <SEP> <P4-S0> the first known landing in australia by europeans was by dutch navigator willem janszoon in 1606. twenty - nine other dutch navigators explored the western and southern coasts in the 17th century, and dubbed the continent new holland. <P4-S1> macassan trepangers visited australia's northern coasts after 1720, possibly earlier. <P4-S2> other european explorers followed until, in 1770, lieutenant james cook charted the east coast of australia for great britain and returned with accounts favouring colonisation at botany bay (now in sydney), new south wales. <SEP> <P5-S0> Ignacio Esparza Lozano (born June 4, 1977 in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico) is a Mexican professional boxer in the Cruiserweight division. <P5-S1> He's the former Mexican National and WBA Fedebol Cruiserweight Champion.
Question: What body of water was dry land during the last ice age, besides the Irish Channel and the sea near the former Atlantic Hotel?

<P0-S0> During this time, the lower Rhine flowed roughly west through the Netherlands and extended to the southwest, through the English Channel and finally, to the Atlantic Ocean. <P0-S1> The last glacial ran from ~74,000 (BP = Before Present), until the end of the Pleistocene (~11,600 BP). <P0-S2> In northwest Europe, it saw two very cold phases, peaking around 70,000 BP and around 29,000–24,000 BP. <P0-S3> The last phase slightly predates the global last ice age maximum (Last Glacial Maximum). <P0-S4> The English Channel, the Irish Channel and most of the North Sea were dry land, mainly because sea level was approximately 120 m (390 ft) lower than today. <SEP> <P1-S0> A letter was sent to the late Grand Ayatollah Seyyed Husayn Borujerdi asking him for help; Grand Ayatollah agreed with the plan and donated 100,000 Rials to the center. <P1-S1> During a meeting at Atlantic Hotel (Hamburg) in 1953, a group of Iranian residents of Germany discussed the need to establish their own religious center. <P1-S2> The construction began in 1960 and by 1965 it was completed. <P1-S3> In the same year Ayatollah Mohammad Beheshti was appointed to lead the center. <SEP> <P2-S0> the english channel (french: la manche, ``the sleeve ''; german: ärmelkanal,`` sleeve channel''; breton: mor breizh, ``sea of brittany ''; cornish: mor bretannek,`` sea of brittany''), also called simply the channel, is the body of water that separates southern england from northern france, and links the southern part of the north sea to the atlantic ocean. <P2-S1> it is the busiest shipping area in the world. <SEP> <P3-S0> It is on the River Elbe at its confluence with the Alster and Bille. <P3-S1> The city centre is around the Binnenalster ("Inner Alster") and Außenalster ("Outer Alster"), both formed by damming the River Alster to create lakes. <P3-S2> The islands of Neuwerk, Scharhörn, and Nigehörn, away in the Hamburg Wadden Sea National Park, are also part of the city of Hamburg. <P3-S3> Hamburg is at a sheltered natural harbour on the southern fanning-out of the Jutland Peninsula, between Continental Europe to the south and Scandinavia to the north, with the North Sea to the west and the Baltic Sea to the northeast. <SEP> <P4-S0> the english channel (french: la manche, ``the sleeve ''; german: ärmelkanal,`` sleeve channel''; breton: mor breizh, ``sea of brittany ''; cornish: mor bretannek,`` british sea''), also called simply the channel, is the body of water that separates southern england from northern france, and links the southern part of the north sea to the atlantic ocean. <P4-S1> it is the busiest shipping area in the world.
Question: The Real Housewives series from the largest city of the state where WEKL transmits started when?

<P0-S0> The Real Housewives of Atlanta (abbreviated RHOA) is an American reality television series that premiered on October 7, 2008, on Bravo. <P0-S1> Developed as the third installment of The Real Housewives franchise, following The Real Housewives of Orange County and New York City, it has aired nine seasons and focuses on the personal and professional lives of several women residing in Atlanta, Georgia. <SEP> <P1-S0> The largest municipality by land area is Augusta, a consolidated city - county, which spans 302.47 sq mi (783.4 km), while Edge Hill and Santa Claus are tied for the smallest at 0.18 sq mi (0.47 km) each. <P1-S1> The largest municipality by population in Georgia is Atlanta with 420,003 residents, and the smallest municipality by population is Edge Hill with 24 residents. <SEP> <P2-S0> the real housewives of new york city (abbreviated rhony) is an american reality television series that premiered on march 4, 2008 on bravo. <P2-S1> developed as the second installment of the real housewives franchise, following the real housewives of orange county, it is currently in its ninth season and focuses on the personal and professional lives of several women residing in new york city. <SEP> <P3-S0> WEKL, known on-air as "102.3 K-Love", is a Contemporary Christian radio station in the United States, licensed by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to Augusta, Georgia, broadcasting on 102.3 MHz with an ERP of 1.5 kW. <P3-S1> Its studios are located at the Augusta Corporate Center with the market’s other iHeartMedia owned sister stations in Augusta, and the transmitter is located in Augusta near Fort Gordon. <SEP> <P4-S0> founded in 1670 as charles town in honor of king charles ii of england, charleston adopted its present name in 1783. it moved to its present location on oyster point in 1680 from a location on the west bank of the ashley river known as albemarle point. <P4-S1> by 1690, charles town was the fifth-largest city in north america, and it remained among the 10 largest cities in the united states through the 1840 census. <P4-S2> with a 2010 census population of 120,083  (and a 2014 estimate of 130,113), current trends put charleston as the fastest-growing municipality in south carolina. <P4-S3> the population of the charleston metropolitan area, comprising berkeley, charleston, and dorchester counties, was counted by the 2014 estimate at 727,689 – the third-largest in the state – and the 78th-largest metropolitan statistical area in the united states.
Question: What region is to the north of what used to be known as Near East and the body of water between east africa and Arabian Peninsula?

<P0-S0> the encyclopædia britannica defines the near east as including armenia, azerbaijan, bahrain, cyprus, egypt, georgia, iran, iraq, israel, jordan, kuwait, lebanon, libya, oman, palestine, qatar, saudi arabia, sudan, syria, turkey, the united arab emirates, the west bank, and yemen. <P0-S1> the food and agriculture organization (fao) of the united nations defines the region similarly, but also includes afghanistan while excluding the countries of north africa and the palestinian territories. <P0-S2> according to the national geographic society, the terms near east and middle east denote the same territories and are 'generally accepted as comprising the countries of the arabian peninsula, cyprus, egypt, iraq, iran, israel, jordan, lebanon, palestinian territories, syria, and turkey'. <SEP> <P1-S0> the foreign and commonwealth office of united kingdom recognises a middle east and north africa region, but not a near east. <P1-S1> their original middle east consumed the near east as far as the red sea, ceded india to the asia and oceania region, and went into partnership with north africa as far as the atlantic. <SEP> <P2-S0> Its extensive coastlines on the Persian Gulf and Red Sea provide great leverage on shipping (especially crude oil) through the Persian Gulf and Suez Canal. <P2-S1> The kingdom occupies 80% of the Arabian Peninsula. <P2-S2> Most of the country's boundaries with the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Oman, and the Republic of Yemen (formerly two separate countries: the Yemen Arab Republic or North Yemen; and the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen or South Yemen) are undefined, so the exact size of the country remains unknown. <P2-S3> The Saudi government estimate is at 2,217,949 square kilometres, while other reputable estimates vary between 2,149,690 and 2,240,000 sq. <P2-S4> kilometres. <P2-S5> Less than 1% of the total area is suitable for cultivation, and in the early 1990s, population distribution varied greatly among the towns of the eastern and western coastal areas, the densely populated interior oases, and the vast, almost empty deserts. <P2-S6> The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a country situated in Southwest Asia, the largest country of Arabia, bordering the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea, north of Yemen. <SEP> <P3-S0> Subsequently with the disgrace of "Near East" in diplomatic and military circles, "Middle East" prevailed. <P3-S1> However, "Near East" continues in some circles at the discretion of the defining agency or academic department. <P3-S2> They are not generally considered distinct regions as they were at their original definition. <SEP> <P4-S0> Before the modern era, it was divided into four distinct regions: Hejaz (Tihamah), Najd (Al - Yamama), Southern Arabia (Hadhramaut) and Eastern Arabia. <P4-S1> Hejaz and Najd make up most of Saudi Arabia. <P4-S2> Southern Arabia consists of Yemen and some parts of Saudi Arabia (Najran, Jizan, Asir) and Oman (Dhofar). <P4-S3> Eastern Arabia consists of the entire coastal strip of the Persian Gulf.
Question: What is the average winter daytime temperature in the region containing Richmond, in the state where WUSH operates?

<P0-S0> In winter, the Piedmont is colder than the coast, with temperatures usually averaging in the upper 40s–lower 50s °F (8–12 °C) during the day and often dropping below the freezing point at night. <P0-S1> The region averages around 3–5 in (8–13 cm) of snowfall annually in the Charlotte area, and slightly more north toward the Virginia border. <P0-S2> The Piedmont is especially notorious for sleet and freezing rain. <P0-S3> Freezing rain can be heavy enough to snarl traffic and break down trees and power lines. <P0-S4> Annual precipitation and humidity are lower in the Piedmont than in the mountains or the coast, but even at its lowest, the average is 40 in (1,020 mm) per year. <SEP> <P1-S0> WUSH is owned and operated by Sinclair Telecable, Inc. <P1-S1> WUSH is a country music formatted broadcast radio station licensed to Poquoson, Virginia, serving Hampton Roads. <SEP> <P2-S0> Richmond is located at 37°32′N 77°28′W﻿ / ﻿37.533°N 77.467°W﻿ / 37.533; -77.467 (37.538, −77.462). <P2-S1> According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 62 square miles (160 km2), of which 60 square miles (160 km2) is land and 2.7 square miles (7.0 km2) of it (4.3%) is water. <P2-S2> The Piedmont region is characterized by relatively low, rolling hills, and lies between the low, sea level Tidewater region and the Blue Ridge Mountains. <P2-S3> Significant bodies of water in the region include the James River, the Appomattox River, and the Chickahominy River. <P2-S4> The city is located in the Piedmont region of Virginia, at the highest navigable point of the James River. <SEP> <P3-S0> the climate in southeast alaska is a mid-latitude oceanic climate (köppen climate classification: cfb) in the southern sections and a subarctic oceanic climate (köppen cfc) in the northern parts. <P3-S1> on an annual basis, southeast is both the wettest and warmest part of alaska with milder temperatures in the winter and high precipitation throughout the year. <P3-S2> juneau averages over 50 in (130 cm) of precipitation a year, and ketchikan averages over 150 in (380 cm). <P3-S3> this is also the only region in alaska in which the average daytime high temperature is above freezing during the winter months. <SEP> <P4-S0> the shannon brook, a perennial stream of the richmond river catchment, is located in northern rivers region in the state of new south wales, australia.
Question: When did the religious order that founded Harvard College, arrive in the region of the U.S. served by the Rainbow Times?

<P0-S0> harvard was formed in 1636 by vote of the great and general court of the massachusetts bay colony. <P0-S1> it was initially called "new college" or "the college at new towne". <P0-S2> in 1638, the college became home for north america's first known printing press, carried by the ship john of london. <P0-S3> in 1639, the college was renamed harvard college after deceased clergyman john harvard, who was an alumnus of the university of cambridge. <P0-S4> he had left the school £779 and his library of some 400 books. <P0-S5> the charter creating the harvard corporation was granted in 1650. <SEP> <P1-S0> In 1630, the first ships of the Great Puritan Migration sailed to the New World, led by John Winthrop. <P1-S1> Other Puritans were convinced that New England could provide a religious refuge, and the enterprise was reorganized as the Massachusetts Bay Company. <P1-S2> In March 1629, it succeeded in obtaining from King Charles a royal charter for the establishment of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. <SEP> <P2-S0> Various LGBT publications serve the city's large LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender) community such as The Rainbow Times, the only minority and lesbian-owned LGBT newsmagazine. <P2-S1> Founded in 2006, The Rainbow Times is now based out of Boston, but serves all of New England. <SEP> <P3-S0> For example, the Puritans who established Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1628 founded Harvard College only eight years later. <P3-S1> As the Reformers wanted all members of the church to be able to read the Bible, education on all levels got a strong boost. <P3-S2> By the middle of the eighteenth century, the literacy rate in England was about 60 per cent, in Scotland 65 per cent, and in Sweden eight of ten men and women were able to read and to write. <P3-S3> Colleges and universities were founded. <P3-S4> About a dozen other colleges followed in the 18th century, including Yale (1701). <P3-S5> Pennsylvania also became a centre of learning. <SEP> <P4-S0> harvard university calls itself ``the oldest institution of higher learning in the united states ''and this claim is rarely challenged. <P4-S1> it is possible to disagree what year should be taken as harvard's`` real'' founding date (harvard uses the earliest possible one, 1636, when the institution was chartered by the massachusetts bay colony). <P4-S2> however, harvard has operated since 1650 under the same corporation, the ``president and fellows of harvard college ''; it thus has an unbroken institutional history dating back to the mid seventeenth century (an official harvard web page for the school of engineering and applied sciences claims,`` founded in 1636, harvard is america's oldest university'').
Question: Besides the Irish Channel and the body of water by the city Caspar Voght died in, what else lowered in the last cold phase?

<P0-S0> the irish film archive is part of the irish film institute (formed in 1943, incorporated in 1945) the body charged with the promotion and preservation of film culture in ireland. <SEP> <P1-S0> Hamburg is at a sheltered natural harbour on the southern fanning-out of the Jutland Peninsula, between Continental Europe to the south and Scandinavia to the north, with the North Sea to the west and the Baltic Sea to the northeast. <P1-S1> It is on the River Elbe at its confluence with the Alster and Bille. <P1-S2> The city centre is around the Binnenalster ("Inner Alster") and Außenalster ("Outer Alster"), both formed by damming the River Alster to create lakes. <P1-S3> The islands of Neuwerk, Scharhörn, and Nigehörn, away in the Hamburg Wadden Sea National Park, are also part of the city of Hamburg. <SEP> <P2-S0> irish channel (french: "manche irlandaise", irish: "cainéal na héireann") is a neighborhood of the city of new orleans. <P2-S1> a subdistrict of the central city/garden district area, its boundaries as defined by the new orleans city planning commission are: magazine street to the north, first street to the east, the mississippi river to the south and toledano street to the west. <SEP> <P3-S0> Together with his business partner and friend Georg Heinrich Sieveking he led one of the largest trading firms in Hamburg during the second half of the 18th Century. <P3-S1> On numerous trade trips, he completely crossed the European continent. <P3-S2> One of his greatest achievements was reforming the welfare system of Hamburg. <P3-S3> From 1785 he dedicated himself to strengthening agricultural and horticultural projects and built a model agricultural community in Flottbek, close to the gates of Hamburg. <P3-S4> Caspar Voght (17 November 1752 – 20 March 1839), later Caspar Reichsfreiherr von Voght (more commonly known as Baron Caspar von Voght), was a German merchant and social reformer from Hamburg (today Germany). <SEP> <P4-S0> The last glacial ran from ~74,000 (BP = Before Present), until the end of the Pleistocene (~11,600 BP). <P4-S1> During this time, the lower Rhine flowed roughly west through the Netherlands and extended to the southwest, through the English Channel and finally, to the Atlantic Ocean. <P4-S2> In northwest Europe, it saw two very cold phases, peaking around 70,000 BP and around 29,000–24,000 BP. <P4-S3> The last phase slightly predates the global last ice age maximum (Last Glacial Maximum). <P4-S4> The English Channel, the Irish Channel and most of the North Sea were dry land, mainly because sea level was approximately 120 m (390 ft) lower than today.
Question: How many counties are there in the largest state in the region where the film The Family Stone was set?

<P0-S0> white stone is a town in lancaster county, virginia, united states. <P0-S1> the population was 352 at the 2010 census. <P0-S2> the name "white stone" refers to the accumulations of white stones in the area's waterways. <P0-S3> the stones were dumped there in the colonial era by british ships that dumped their stone ballast to make room for cargo like tobacco to carry back to england. <SEP> <P1-S0> Maine alone constitutes nearly one - half of the total area of New England, yet is only the 39th - largest state, slightly smaller than Indiana. <P1-S1> The states of New England have a combined area of 71,991.8 square miles (186,458 km), making the region slightly larger than the state of Washington and larger than England. <P1-S2> The remaining states are among the smallest in the U.S., including the smallest state -- Rhode Island. <SEP> <P2-S0> Before statehood, Maine was officially part of the state of Massachusetts and was called the District of Maine. <P2-S1> Maine was granted statehood on March 15, 1820 as part of the Missouri Compromise. <P2-S2> Nine of the sixteen counties had their borders defined while Maine was still part of Massachusetts, and hence are older than the state itself. <P2-S3> This is a list of the sixteen counties in the U.S. state of Maine. <P2-S4> Even after 1820, the exact location of the northern border of Maine was disputed with Britain, until the question was settled and the northern counties signed their final official form, the Webster - Ashburton Treaty, signed in 1842. <P2-S5> Almost all of Aroostook County was disputed land until the treaty was signed. <SEP> <P3-S0> black lake is located in cheboygan and presque isle counties in northern michigan, united states. <P3-S1> with a surface area of , it is the seventh largest inland lake in michigan. <P3-S2> the largest body of water in the black river watershed, it drains through the lower black and cheboygan rivers into lake huron. <P3-S3> black lake is a summer destination for many families from the suburban detroit area and from other nearby states as well as residents of the neighboring town of onaway. <SEP> <P4-S0> The plot follows the Christmas holiday misadventures of the Stone family in a small New England town when the eldest son, played by Mulroney, brings his uptight girlfriend (played by Parker) home with the intention of proposing to her with a cherished heirloom ring. <P4-S1> Overwhelmed by the hostile reception, she begs her sister to join her for emotional support, triggering further complications.
Question: When did the USA declare war on the country that produced The Longest Night in the city where You Wenhui was born?

<P0-S0> the newlywed country bumpkins from connecticut, mr. and mrs. horace jason (john beal and wanda mckay), check into the hotel clarke in new york city, prepared to spend their first night together as a married couple. <P0-S1> it is also their first and last night before horace joins the army. <SEP> <P1-S0> It was formulated an hour after the Infamy Speech of US President Franklin D. Roosevelt. <P1-S1> Japan had sent a message for the United States to its embassy in Washington earlier, but because of problems at the embassy in decoding the very long message -- the high security level assigned to the declaration meant that only personnel with very high clearances could decode it, which slowed down the process -- it was not delivered to the U.S. Secretary of State until after the Pearl Harbor attack. <P1-S2> Following the U.S. declaration, Japan's allies, Germany and Italy, declared war on the United States, bringing the United States fully into World War II. <P1-S3> On December 8, 1941, the United States Congress declared war (Public Law 77 - 328, 55 STAT 795) on the Empire of Japan in response to that country's surprise attack on Pearl Harbor the prior day. <SEP> <P2-S0> You Wenhui (; born October 20, 1979 in Shanghai) is a female Chinese beach volleyball player who competed in the 2004 Summer Olympics. <SEP> <P3-S0> It is a rare collaboration between China and Japan. <P3-S1> The Longest Night in Shanghai () is a 2007 film produced by Japan's Movie Eye Entertainment and directed by Chinese director Zhang Yibai. <SEP> <P4-S0> usa up all night (also known as up all night and up all night with rhonda shear) is an american cable television series that aired weekly on friday and saturday nights on the usa network. <P4-S1> the show aired from 1989 to 1998.
Question: How were the people that the Ajuran Empire declared independence from by minting coins expelled from David Htan's country?

<P0-S0> It restored a smaller, more manageable kingdom, encompassing Lower Myanmar, Upper Myanmar, Shan states, Lan Na and upper Tenasserim. <P0-S1> The Restored Toungoo kings created a legal and political framework whose basic features would continue well into the 19th century. <P0-S2> The crown completely replaced the hereditary chieftainships with appointed governorships in the entire Irrawaddy valley, and greatly reduced the hereditary rights of Shan chiefs. <P0-S3> Its trade and secular administrative reforms built a prosperous economy for more than 80 years. <P0-S4> From the 1720s onward, the kingdom was beset with repeated Meithei raids into Upper Myanmar and a nagging rebellion in Lan Na. <P0-S5> In 1740, the Mon of Lower Myanmar founded the Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom. <P0-S6> The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese in 1613 and Siam in 1614. <P0-S7> Hanthawaddy forces sacked Ava in 1752, ending the 266-year-old Toungoo Dynasty. <SEP> <P1-S0> David Htan (; born 13 May 1990) is a burmese professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Myanmar national football team and Shan United. <P1-S1> David Htan suddenly moved to Shan United F.C. <P1-S2> in May 2018. <SEP> <P2-S0> at about the same time, coins and mints appeared independently in china and spread to korea and japan. <P2-S1> the manufacture of coins in the roman empire, dating from about the 4th century bc, significantly influenced later development of coin minting in europe. <SEP> <P3-S0> somali people in the horn of africa are divided among different countries (somalia, djibouti, ethiopia, and northeastern kenya) that were artificially and some might say arbitrarily partitioned by the former imperial powers. <P3-S1> pan-somalism is an ideology that advocates the unification of all ethnic somalis once part of somali empires such as the ajuran empire, the adal sultanate, the gobroon dynasty and the dervish state under one flag and one nation. <P3-S2> the siad barre regime actively promoted pan-somalism, which eventually led to the ogaden war between somalia on one side, and ethiopia, cuba and the soviet union on the other. <SEP> <P4-S0> The Portuguese discovery of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 initiated a series of Ottoman-Portuguese naval wars in the Indian Ocean throughout the 16th century. <P4-S1> The discovery of new maritime trade routes by Western European states allowed them to avoid the Ottoman trade monopoly. <P4-S2> The Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire, allied with the Ottomans, defied the Portuguese economic monopoly in the Indian Ocean by employing a new coinage which followed the Ottoman pattern, thus proclaiming an attitude of economic independence in regard to the Portuguese.
Question: What is the average winter daytime temperature in the region where Richmond is found, in the state where WIRR operates?

<P0-S0> Richmond is located at 37°32′N 77°28′W﻿ / ﻿37.533°N 77.467°W﻿ / 37.533; -77.467 (37.538, −77.462). <P0-S1> The city is located in the Piedmont region of Virginia, at the highest navigable point of the James River. <P0-S2> According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 62 square miles (160 km2), of which 60 square miles (160 km2) is land and 2.7 square miles (7.0 km2) of it (4.3%) is water. <P0-S3> The Piedmont region is characterized by relatively low, rolling hills, and lies between the low, sea level Tidewater region and the Blue Ridge Mountains. <P0-S4> Significant bodies of water in the region include the James River, the Appomattox River, and the Chickahominy River. <SEP> <P1-S0> annual precipitation is 40 inches (1,020 mm) which is fairly spread throughout the year. <P1-S1> owing to its proximity to the atlantic ocean and its location in south jersey, atlantic city receives less snow than a good portion of the rest of new jersey. <P1-S2> even at the airport, where low temperatures are often much lower than along the coast, snow averages only 16.5 inches (41.9 cm) each winter. <P1-S3> it is very common for rain to fall in atlantic city while the northern and western parts of the state are receiving snow. <SEP> <P2-S0> The region averages around 3–5 in (8–13 cm) of snowfall annually in the Charlotte area, and slightly more north toward the Virginia border. <P2-S1> The Piedmont is especially notorious for sleet and freezing rain. <P2-S2> Freezing rain can be heavy enough to snarl traffic and break down trees and power lines. <P2-S3> Annual precipitation and humidity are lower in the Piedmont than in the mountains or the coast, but even at its lowest, the average is 40 in (1,020 mm) per year. <P2-S4> In winter, the Piedmont is colder than the coast, with temperatures usually averaging in the upper 40s–lower 50s °F (8–12 °C) during the day and often dropping below the freezing point at night. <SEP> <P3-S0> The station is owned by Minnesota Public Radio (MPR), and airs MPR's "Classical Music Network", originating from KSJN in Minneapolis/St. <P3-S1> Paul. <P3-S2> WIRR (90.9 FM) is a radio station licensed to Virginia, Minnesota, serving the Iron Range area. <SEP> <P4-S0> five major climatic regions are found in nepal. <P4-S1> of these, kathmandu valley is in the warm temperate zone (elevation ranging from 1,200–2,300 metres (3,900–7,500 ft)), where the climate is fairly temperate, atypical for the region. <P4-S2> this zone is followed by the cool temperate zone with elevation varying between 2,100–3,300 metres (6,900–10,800 ft). <P4-S3> under köppen's climate classification, portions of the city with lower elevations have a humid subtropical climate (cwa), while portions of the city with higher elevations generally have a subtropical highland climate. <P4-S4> in the kathmandu valley, which is representative of its valley's climate, the average summer temperature varies from 28–30 °c (82–86 °f). <P4-S5> the average winter temperature is 10.1 °c (50.2 °f).
Question: Who is the actress who played the woman who was the Queen of England in 1890 on the network that produced Monsterpiece Theater?

<P0-S0> The theme song is also a modified version of "Fanfare-Rondeau", the "Masterpiece" theme song, only with trumpets and a much more upbeat tempo. <P0-S1> While using Muppet characters to act out educational principles, primarily Grover and other Muppet monsters, "Monsterpiece Theater" is also a parody of the similarly acclaimed PBS show "Masterpiece Theatre", now known simply as "Masterpiece". <SEP> <P1-S0> sam fletcher (1890 in manchester, england – 22 january 1972 in cranston, rhode island) was an english football (soccer) full back who played professionally in england, canada and the united states. <P1-S1> he later coached the brown university soccer team. <SEP> <P2-S0> Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 -- 22 January 1901) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death. <P2-S1> On 1 May 1876, she adopted the additional title of Empress of India. <SEP> <P3-S0> Notable for her work in British television, she is best known for her roles as Jasmine Thomas in the soap opera Emmerdale (2005 -- 2009), Clara Oswald, companion to the Eleventh and Twelfth Doctors in the science fiction series Doctor Who (2012 -- 2015, 2017) and Queen Victoria in the ITV biographical drama series Victoria (2016 -- present). <P3-S1> Jenna - Louise Coleman (born 27 April 1986), professionally known as Jenna Coleman, is an English actress and model. <SEP> <P4-S0> john gould veitch (19 july 1869 – 3 october 1914) was an english amateur footballer, who played for the corinthian club in the 1890s. <P4-S1> he made one appearance for england playing at inside left in 1894, in which he scored a hat trick.
Question: Who burned down the city where Keeping Up with the Joneses is set, during the war marking the first time that the number of black people living in NYC declined?

<P0-S0> the number of pubs in the uk has declined year on year, at least since 1982. various reasons are put forward for this, such as the failure of some establishments to keep up with customer requirements. <P0-S1> others claim the smoking ban of 2007, intense competition from gastro-pubs, the availability of cheap alcohol in supermarkets or the general economic climate are either to blame, or are factors in the decline. <P0-S2> changes in demographics may be an additional factor. <SEP> <P1-S0> concluding is a novel by british writer henry green first published in 1948. it is set entirely on the expansive and idyllic premises of a state-run institution for girls somewhere in rural england and chronicles the events of one summer's day—a wednesday, and "founder's day"—in the lives of the staff, the students, and several other people living on the grounds. <P1-S1> during that day, two girls go missing. <SEP> <P2-S0> Hispanics of any race represented 28.6% of the population, while Asians constituted the fastest-growing segment of the city's population between 2000 and 2010; the non-Hispanic white population declined 3 percent, the smallest recorded decline in decades; and for the first time since the Civil War, the number of blacks declined over a decade. <P2-S1> The city's population in 2010 was 44% white (33.3% non-Hispanic white), 25.5% black (23% non-Hispanic black), 0.7% Native American, and 12.7% Asian. <SEP> <P3-S0> In 1864, as feared by Jeremy F. Gilmer, Atlanta did indeed become the target of a major Union invasion. <P3-S1> On September 1, 1864, Confederate Gen. John Bell Hood evacuated Atlanta, after a five - week siege mounted by Union Gen. William Sherman, and ordered all public buildings and possible Confederate assets destroyed. <P3-S2> The area now covered by metropolitan Atlanta was the scene of several fiercely contested battles, including the Battle of Peachtree Creek, the Battle of Atlanta, Battle of Ezra Church and the Battle of Jonesboro. <SEP> <P4-S0> He and his wife Karen (Isla Fisher) live in a nice cul - de-sac with their two children, who are away at summer camp. <P4-S1> They make the acquaintance of their two new neighbors, Tim (Jon Hamm) and Natalie Jones (Gal Gadot). <P4-S2> Tim is a travel writer whose hobbies include glassblowing, and Natalie is a social media consultant, cooking blogger and philanthropist. <P4-S3> They are both impossibly good - looking, accomplished and stylish, yet overly friendly with the Gaffneys. <P4-S4> Jeff Gaffney (Zach Galifianakis) works as a Human Resources professional at a Defense contractor company called MBI, based in Atlanta.
Question: Who is the actress who plays the role of the Queen of England in 1890, on the network that aired The Dinosaurs!?

<P0-S0> dinosaur! <P0-S1> is a 1985 american television documentary film about dinosaurs. <P0-S2> it was first broadcast in the united states on november 5, 1985, on cbs. <P0-S3> directed by robert guenette and written by steven paul mark, "dinosaur!" <P0-S4> was hosted by the american actor christopher reeve, who some years before had played the leading role of "superman". <SEP> <P1-S0> It aired four episodes from November 22 to November 25, 1992. <P1-S1> The Dinosaurs!, American television miniseries produced by WHYY-TV for PBS in 1992, featuring some of the then-modern theories about dinosaurs and how they lived. <SEP> <P2-S0> Jenna - Louise Coleman (born 27 April 1986), professionally known as Jenna Coleman, is an English actress and model. <P2-S1> Notable for her work in British television, she is best known for her roles as Jasmine Thomas in the soap opera Emmerdale (2005 -- 2009), Clara Oswald, companion to the Eleventh and Twelfth Doctors in the science fiction series Doctor Who (2012 -- 2015, 2017) and Queen Victoria in the ITV biographical drama series Victoria (2016 -- present). <SEP> <P3-S0> On 1 May 1876, she adopted the additional title of Empress of India. <P3-S1> Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 -- 22 January 1901) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death. <SEP> <P4-S0> dinosquad is an american animated television series that was produced by dic entertainment corporation and aired on the kewlopolis block on cbs from november 3, 2007 - september 12, 2009. reruns of the show used to air in syndication as part of the cookie jar kids network block. <P4-S1> the show ran on cookie jar toons. <P4-S2> this show, along with "sushi pack", was one of the last series produced by dic before the company was acquired by and folded into cookie jar. <P4-S3> the show was about five teenagers, each with the power to turn into a respective dinosaur. <P4-S4> they use this power to fight the villainous victor veloci, who is intent on returning the world to the age of dinosaurs by turning humans and animals into new mutant dinosaurs and accelerating global warming.
Question: What actress plays the first reigning monarch from Britain to set foot in Spain on the network that aired The Dinosaurs?

<P0-S0> The Dinosaurs!, American television miniseries produced by WHYY-TV for PBS in 1992, featuring some of the then-modern theories about dinosaurs and how they lived. <P0-S1> It aired four episodes from November 22 to November 25, 1992. <SEP> <P1-S0> dinosquad is an american animated television series that was produced by dic entertainment corporation and aired on the kewlopolis block on cbs from november 3, 2007 - september 12, 2009. reruns of the show used to air in syndication as part of the cookie jar kids network block. <P1-S1> the show ran on cookie jar toons. <P1-S2> this show, along with "sushi pack", was one of the last series produced by dic before the company was acquired by and folded into cookie jar. <P1-S3> the show was about five teenagers, each with the power to turn into a respective dinosaur. <P1-S4> they use this power to fight the villainous victor veloci, who is intent on returning the world to the age of dinosaurs by turning humans and animals into new mutant dinosaurs and accelerating global warming. <SEP> <P2-S0> Jenna - Louise Coleman (born 27 April 1986), professionally known as Jenna Coleman, is an English actress and model. <P2-S1> Notable for her work in British television, she is best known for her roles as Jasmine Thomas in the soap opera Emmerdale (2005 -- 2009), Clara Oswald, companion to the Eleventh and Twelfth Doctors in the science fiction series Doctor Who (2012 -- 2015, 2017) and Queen Victoria in the ITV biographical drama series Victoria (2016 -- present). <SEP> <P3-S0> In 1889, during a stay in Biarritz, she became the first reigning monarch from Britain to set foot in Spain when she crossed the border for a brief visit. <P3-S1> Victoria visited mainland Europe regularly for holidays. <P3-S2> By April 1900, the Boer War was so unpopular in mainland Europe that her annual trip to France seemed inadvisable. <P3-S3> Instead, the Queen went to Ireland for the first time since 1861, in part to acknowledge the contribution of Irish regiments to the South African war. <P3-S4> In July, her second son Alfred ("Affie") died; "Oh, God! <P3-S5> My poor darling Affie gone too", she wrote in her journal. <P3-S6> "It is a horrible year, nothing but sadness & horrors of one kind & another." <SEP> <P4-S0> the ilona massey show was a dumont television network variety show hosted by actress ilona massey and featuring musician irving fields. <P4-S1> massey sang on a set built to resemble a nightclub. <P4-S2> the show aired mondays from november 1, 1954, to january 3, 1955 for a total of 10 episodes.