Question: What type of forum did a former Soviet statesman initiate?

<P0-S0>  He was the eighth and last leader of the Soviet Union, having been General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1985 until 1991. <P0-S1> Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev, ( ; Russian: Михаи́л Серге́евич Горбачёв ; ] ; born 2 March 1931) is a former Soviet statesman. <P0-S2>  He was the country's head of state from 1988 until 1991 (titled as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet from 1988 to 1989, as Chairman of the from 1989 to 1990, and as Soviet Union]] from 1990 to 1991). <SEP> <P1-S0> MS "Excelsior Neptune" (originally, the "Feliks Dzerzhinskiy") was an ocean liner owned by the Soviet Union's Black Sea Shipping Company. <P1-S1>  She was built in 1958 by VEB Mathias-Thesen Werft, Wismar, East Germany, as one of the Mikhail Kalinin series of ships. <P1-S2>  It was named after Felix Dzerzhinsky, a Soviet statesman and founder of the Soviet secret police (Cheka). <SEP> <P2-S0> David Jonathan Waksberg, born December 14, 1956 in New York City, was a leading activist in the Soviet Jewry Movement during the 1980s and early 1990s. <P2-S1>  In the 1970s he became involved in the Student Struggle for Soviet Jewry. <P2-S2>  In the early 1980s he moved to California and began working for the Bay Area Council for Soviet Jews, first as Assistant Director, and later as Executive Director. <P2-S3>  He initiated public and political activities on behalf of Soviet Jewry, supervised research and monitoring of their welfare and coordinated financial, medical and legal aid to Refuseniks and Prisoners of Conscience trapped in the Soviet Union. <P2-S4>  He organized numerous protest demonstrations and vigils to raise public awareness of the plight of Jews in the USSR. <P2-S5>  In 1985 Waksberg became National Vice-President of BACSJ's umbrella organization, the Union of Councils for Soviet Jews. <P2-S6>  Waksberg frequently visited Jewish communities the Soviet Union and the Former Soviet states and coordinated briefings of the American travelers interested in visiting those communities. <P2-S7>  In 1990 Waksberg took on the role of Director of the Center for Jewish Renewal, newly established by UCSJ. <P2-S8>  The mission of the CJR was to promote the renewal and development of Jewish life in the USSR and the emigration rights, human rights and resettlement needs of Jews in the Former Soviet Union. <P2-S9>  The CJR established a network of human rights and emigration bureaus in major cities of the former Soviet Union. <P2-S10>  In mid-1990s Waksberg was a member of Bay Area Council's Board of Directors and served as Director of Development and Communication of the UCSJ. <P2-S11>  Since 2007 Waksberg serves as Executive Director of the Bureau of Jewish Education of San Francisco. <SEP> <P3-S0> The World Summit of Nobel Peace Laureates was initiated by Mikhail Gorbachev in the 90s, as a forum in which the Nobel Peace Laureates and the Peace Laureate Organizations could come together to address global issues with a view to encourage and support peace and human well being in the world. <P3-S1>  Its Permanent Secretariat is an independent, non-profit, ECOSOC non-governmental organization, based in Rome, operating on a permanent basis. <P3-S2>  A permanent staff, mainly composed of volunteers, promotes the work of the Nobel Peace Prize Winners and organizes the World Summit of Nobel Peace Laureates on a yearly basis. <P3-S3>  To date, the Permanent Secretariat has organized 16 Summits, the most recent having been held in February 2017 in the city of Bogota, Colombia. <P3-S4>  This was the first time that the Summit took place in Latin America.