Question: The large subunit and small subunit that use two types of RNA are major components that make up what?

<P0-S0> A ribosomal protein (r-protein or rProtein) is any of the proteins that, in conjunction with rRNA, make up the ribosomal subunits involved in the cellular process of translation. <P0-S1>  A large part of the knowledge about these organic molecules has come from the study of "E. coli" ribosomes. <P0-S2>  All ribosomal proteins have been isolated and many specific antibodies have been produced. <P0-S3>  These, together with electronic microscopy and the use of certain reactives, have allowed for the determination of the topography of the proteins in the ribosome. <P0-S4>  "E. coli", other bacteria and Archaea have a 30S small subunit and a 50S large subunit, whereas humans and yeasts have a 40S small subunit and a 60S large subunit. <P0-S5>  Equivalent subunits are frequently numbered differently between bacteria, Archaea, yeasts and humans. <P0-S6>  More recently, a near-complete (near)atomic picture of the ribosomal proteins is emerging from the latest high-resolution cryo-EM data (including PDB ID: 5AFI). <SEP> <P1-S0> Ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) is the RNA component of the ribosome, and is essential for protein synthesis in all living organisms. <P1-S1>  It constitutes the predominant material within the ribosome, which is approximately 60% rRNA and 40% protein by weight, or 3/5 of ribosome mass. <P1-S2>  Ribosomes contain two major rRNAs and 50 or more proteins. <P1-S3>  The ribosomal RNAs form two subunits, the large subunit (LSU) and small subunit (SSU). <P1-S4>  The LSU rRNA acts as a ribozyme, catalyzing peptide bond formation. <P1-S5>  rRNA sequences are widely used for working out evolutionary relationships among organisms, since they are of ancient origin and are found in all known forms of life. <SEP> <P2-S0> SINEs or Short Interspersed Nuclear Elements are sequences of non-coding DNA present at high frequencies in various eukaryotic genomes. <P2-S1>  They are a class of retrotransposons, DNA elements that amplify themselves throughout eukaryotic genomes, often through RNA intermediates. <P2-S2>  Short-interspersed nuclear elements are transcribed by RNA polymerase III which is known to transcribe ribosomal RNA and tRNA, two types of RNA vital to ribosomal assembly and mRNA translation. <P2-S3>  Short-interspersed nuclear elements are characterized by their size and method of retrotransposition. <P2-S4>  The literature differs on the length of the SINEs but there is a general consensus that they often range in length from about 100 to 700 base pairs (more or less, arbitrary cut-offs). <P2-S5>  SINEs, like tRNAs and many small-nuclear RNAs possess an internal promoter and thus are transcribed differently than most protein-coding genes. <P2-S6>  In other words, short-interspersed nuclear elements have their key promoter elements within the transcribed region itself. <P2-S7>  Though transcribed by RNA polymerase III, SINEs and other genes possessing internal promoters, recruit different transcriptional machinery and factors than genes possessing upstream promoters. <SEP> <P3-S0> The ribosome ( ) is a complex molecular machine, found within all living cells, that serves as the site of biological protein synthesis (translation). <P3-S1>  Ribosomes link amino acids together in the order specified by messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules. <P3-S2>  Each subunit is composed of one or more ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecules and a variety of ribosomal proteins (r-protein or rProtein). <P3-S3>  The ribosomes and associated molecules are also known as the "translational apparatus". <P3-S4>  Ribosomes consist of two major components: the small ribosomal subunit, which reads the RNA, and the large subunit, which joins amino acids to form a polypeptide chain.