Original: Ch nakya (Sanskrit:) (c. 350 - 283 BCE) was an adviser to the first Maurya Emperor Chandragupt (c. 340-293 BCE), and was the chief architect of his rise to power.
Simplified: He is generally called Chanakya (taken from his fathers name "Chanak") but, in his capacity as author of the Artha h stra, is generally referred to as Kautilya derived from his gotras name "KOTIL" (Kautilya means "of Kotil").