Original: 1961 & ndash; Nuclear testing: The Soviet Union detonates the hydrogen bomb Tsar Bomba over Novaya Zemlya; at 58 megatons of yield, it is still the largest explosive device ever detonated, nuclear or otherwise.
Simplified: 1895 - Gerhard Domagk, German doctor, won the 1939 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, (d. 1964)