Input (grade 13): Spain Personal union of the crowns that would later form Spain (Crown of Castile and Crown of Aragon) with the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 to 1556 under Charles I (Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor).
Output (grade 5): Holy Roman Empire Personal union with Spain from 1519 to 1556 under Charles V. Hungary Personal union with Croatia from 1102 to 1918.