Input (grade 10): In 1826 he entered the Royal Academy of Music, and remained a pupil of that institution for the next ten years, studying pianoforte under W. H. Holmes and Cipriani Potter, and composition under Charles Lucas and William Crotch.
Output (grade 5): His piano teachers were W. H. Holmes and Cipriani Potter, and he learned composition from Charles Lucas and Dr Crotch.