Input (grade 13): Although Austen's novels had been published in the United States since 1832, albeit in bowdlerised editions, it was not until after 1870 that there was a distinctive American response to Austen.
Output (grade 8): Austen's works had been in print in the United States from 1832. However, it was only after 1870 that Americans began seriously considering Austen's works.