Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
 The Man Who Broke Napoleon’s Code
 Between 1807 and 1814 the Iberian Peninsula (comprising Spain and Portugal) was the scene of a titanic and merciless struggle. It took place on many different planes: between Napoleon’s French army and the angry inhabitants; between the British, ever keen to exacerbate the emperor’ difficulties, and the marshals sent from Paris to try to keep them in check; between new forces of science and meritocracy and old ones of conservatism and birth. (46) It was also, and this is unknown even to many people well read about the period, a battle between those who made codes and those who broke them.
 I first discovered the Napoleonic cryptographic battle a few years ago when I was reading Sir Charles Oman’s epic History of the Peninsular War. In volume V he had attached an appendix, The Scovell Ciphers. (47) It listed many documents in code that had been captured from the French army of Spain, and whose secrets had been revealed by the work of George Scovell, an officer in British headquarters. Oman rated Scovell’s significance highly, but at the same time, the general nature of his History meant that (48) he could not analyze carefully what this obscure officer may or may not have contributed to that great struggle between nations or indeed tell us anything much about the man himself. I was keen to read more, but was surprised to find that Oman’s appendix, published in 1914, was the only considered thing that had been written about this secret war.
 I became convinced that this story was every bit as exciting and significant as that of Enigma and the breaking of German codes in the Second World War. The question was, could it be told? Studying Scovell’s papers at the Public Record Office (in Kew, west London) I found that he had left an extensive journal and copious notes about his work in the peninsula. What was more, many original French dispatches had been preserved in this collection. I realized at once that this was priceless. (49) There may have been many spies and intelligence officers during the Napoleonic Wars, but it is usually extremely difficult to find the material they actually provided or worked on. Furthermore, Scovell’s story involved much more than just intelligence work. His status in Lord Wellington’s headquarters and the recognition given to him for his work were all bound up with the class politics of the army at the time. His tale of self-improvement and hard work would make a fascinating biography in its own right, but represents something more than that. (50) Just as the code breaking has its wider relevance in the struggle for Spain, so his attempts to make his way up the promotion ladder speak volumes about British society.

解答：46.这场斗争也是一场编写密码者和破译密码者之间展开的战争，但是，这一点甚至对 那些熟知这一时期历史的人们来说都是未知的。
47.这本书的附录中列出了从西班牙的法军那里缴获的许多密码文件，这些文件的秘密 由英国总部的一位军官乔治 ·斯科维尔（George Scovell）揭露了出来。
48.阿曼（Oman） 无法仔细分析这位名不见经传的军官对那场国家间的伟大斗争有没有 做出贡献，也确实无法告诉我们任何有关此人的更多事情。
49.在拿破仑战争时期，也许存在很多的间谍和情报官员，但通常难以找到他们实际提 供或者破译的情报资料。
50.正如破解密码对于西班牙之战更为重要，斯科维尔加官进爵的尝试也将英国社会形 态体现得淋漓尽致。


分析：

46、It was also,and this is unknowneven to many people well read about the period,a battle between those who made codes and those who broke them.【结构分析】本句主干部分为It was also a battle,其后介词短语between...and... 中有两个定从，按照 段定从的处理思理可以前置,即 ... ... 的“人们” 。中间插入成分为并列内容,可以放在之后翻译。【译点分析】( 1) It：it 应该明确指代,是第一句最后的 struggle,可以翻译为“这场斗争”,如果翻译为“它”属于指代不明。(2) well： 此处为副词表程度,不是“好”的含义,类似于 well-prepared， 因此翻译方向为程度加 强 。结合read 含义,即“熟读” 。但如果翻译为“熟读”,与之后的 period“时期”含义并不是特 别搭配 。那么有两种处理： 1）熟读这一时期的历史; 2）熟“知”这一时期的历史。(3) codes：虽然是个典型的熟词僻义考点，但文中就是本意“密码”,因为在第四句提到了 spy“间 谍”和intelligence officer 情报人员,所以不应该翻译为“法则,准则” 。那 make codes 是“设置 /制定”密码，broke them 则是“破译”密码
47、 It listed many documents in code that have been captured from the French army of Spain, and whose secrets had been revealed by the work of George Scovell, an officer in British headquarters.【结 构 解 析 】 句 子 主 干 是 Itlisted manydocuments， 后 面 incode 介 词 短 语 作 定 语 修 饰documents; ...that ... , and whose ... 为两个并列的定语从句， 均是对前方名词documents 的修饰限 定，且为被动结构; an officer in British headquarters是同位语修饰George Scovell。【译点分析】(1)代词it指代明确,往上指代the Scovell Ciphers, an appendix,可以译为“这一附录” 。(2)本句子的主干部分It listed many documents较短,占比0.5分。(3)that和whose两个并列的定语从句，句子比较长可以进行后置翻译,翻译时注意代词指代明 确即可。(4)两个定语从句占比较多,各自0.5分。(5)an officer in British headquarters作为句子中间的同位语，对前方的人进行解释说明，在整个 句子的分值中占比0.5分。
48、he could not analyze carefully what this obscure officer may or may not have contributed tothat great struggle between nations or indeed tell us anything much about the man himself.【结构分析】本句主干为 he could not analyze what ... or tell us ...：what 引导宾语从句，or 引导 并列句， 并列两个动作 analyze carefully what...和 tell us anything much about the man himself。【译点分析】(1)句中 or 的并列容易误会成 tell us 与从句中的 have contributed 并列,造成理解及翻译的问题; 可以通过what 在从句中需要充当主语或宾语进行判断,后半句中tell sb sth双宾齐全,因此tell 只能与主干句中的analyze 并列。(2) contribute to:此处并非 contribute to sth 表“有助于,导致”,而需要将 what 做宾语的位置进行 还原,做contribute 的宾语,格式为 contribute A to B,意为“对 ...有...贡献” 。(3) obscure：考查了单词的一词多义,除了“模糊的，不明确的”以外,还有“名不见经传的”含义, 此处与officer 搭配，应选择后者。
49、There may have been many spies and intelligence officers during the Napoleonic Wars but it isusually extremely difficult to find the material they actually provided or worked on.【结构分析】本 句 包 含 一 个 并 列 结 构， 并 列 的 成 分 为There may have been many spies andintelligenceofficersduring the Napoleonic Wars 以 及 itis usuallyextremelydifficult tofind the materialthey actually provided or worked on。其中，第一句为there be句型，第二句为主系表结构， it为形式主语,真正主语为to find...不定式短语，they actually provided or worked on是省略连词 的定语从句，修饰the material。【译点分析】(1) There may have been：为 there be句型，可直接译为“有”或者“存在” 。(2) during the Napoleonic Wars：介词短语做状语,在翻译时候,可置于“there be”前译。(3) it is usually extremely difficult to find ...：此部分为形式主语，在翻译时，可直接译为“形容词” 的是， 比如， 此部分可以翻译为“通常难以 ... ...” 。(4) they actually provided or worked on： 此部分为省略连词的定语从句， 可改写为 material(that/which) they actually provided or worked on 因定从部分较短，在翻译时可整体置于名词前翻译，遂可译为“他们实际提供或者破译的情报资料” 。
         50、Just as the code breaking has its wider relevance in the struggle for Spain, so his attempts to make his way up the promotion ladder speak volumes about British society.【结构分析 】本 句 为 ：比 较 结 构 justas ... , so ... , “ 正 如 ...，... 也 一 样 ”。 to make his way upthe promotion ladder为 to do不定式做后置定语修饰attempts 。about British Society为介词短语， 充当后置定语修饰volumes。【译点分析】(1) code breaking是前文提到的“破译密码” 。(2) relevance 是 relevant 的名词形式，同学们更多知道它“相关”的含义， 其实它还有“价值， 意义” 的意思。(3) in the struggle for Spain 为地点状语，作“对于西班牙之战”理解。(4) make one’s way“向 ... ...前进”，up 表示方向向上，promotion ladder“晋升阶梯”，整体可以理解为“加官进爵” 。(5) volume 本身有“音量”和“ ... ... 的量”的意思，speak volumes for/about sth.为固定搭配，字面意思“关于 ... ...说了很多的量”， 即：“充分说明”，后面加宾语“British society英国社会形态”，理 解为“将英国社会形态展现得淋漓尽致”更为通顺。