monarch relations predecessor successor death_date birth_place religion office birth_date order term_start image article_title term_end name
faisal ii muzahim al-pachachi adnan pachachi nadim al-pachachi nuri as-said tawfiq al-suwaidi 1948 baghdad , ottoman empire sunni islam prime minister of iraq foreign minister of iraq 1886 26th june 4 , 1944 january , 1948 hamdi_al-pachachi . jpg hamdi al-pachachi
 february 23 , 1946 march , 1948 hamdi al-pachachi
hamdi al-pachachi

hamdi al-pachachi -lrb- 1886 -- march 28 , 1948 -rrb- , iraqi politician born to a prominent family in baghdad .
he studied law at the royal school in istanbul , graduating in 1909 .
he taught at the baghdad law school from 1913 to 1916 .
while in istanbul , he joined the covenant society and became active in the arab nationalist movement .
upon his return to baghdad , he joined with the nationalists , who were demanding the decentralization of the ottoman empire .
as a result of his political activities in support of the iraqi revolt against the british in 1920 , al-pachachi was arrested and exiled to hanja , an island in the persian gulf .
after his release , he continued to take part in anti-british activities .
in 1925 , he began cooperating with abd al-muhsin as-sa ` dun .
al-pachachi served as minister of waqf in one of as-sa ` dun 's cabinets -lrb- 1925 -- 26 -rrb- .
he then retired from politics for many years .
a large landowner , he concentrated on business matters and agriculture .
in 1935 , he was elected deputy to parliament , but did not play a major role .
he was minister of social welfare in 1941 and was elected president of the chamber of commerce in 1943 .
al-pachachi served as prime minister of iraq between 1944 and 1946 .
he was brought in to succeed nuri as-said after increasing tensions between himself and the regent .
the difference in policy was not dramatic , as al-pachachi included members of nuri 's inner circle and advisors close to the regent in his cabinet .
small changes to government policy included a relaxation of the censorship on the press and the introduction of the 1945 miri sirf law .
this law was intended to be the beginning of a land reform on a larger scale , and distributed state land to a number of landless peasants .
contrary to nuri as-said , his primary foreign focus was on the strengthening of the arab league and the integration of iraq into that organization .
hamdi emphasized co-operation among the arab countries in the spirit of arab nationalism , unlike nuri , who focused on increasing the political power of iraq within the league .
he succeeded in maintaining excellent ties with the egyptian and syrian politicians , despite significant protest against their dominance in the league and region .
as prime minister , hamdi al-pachachi released many of the nationalists who had been detained after the 1941 iraqi coup d'état , having been a supporter of it himself , but he had to face the growing kurdish rebellion led by mulla mustafa .
al-pachachi rejected their terms , and they revolted in mid-1945 but had to flee to iran in october .
al-pachachi 's victory over the kurds made him more popular with others , and in december he called for greater political freedom for political parties with free elections .
on may 29 , 1945 , france bombed damascus and tried to arrest its democratically elected leaders who were demanding their full independence from french occupation .
when hamdi al-pachachi returned to baghdad from the arab league conference in cairo on june 15 , he stated `` we will soon be rid of the nightmare of french imperialism in the levant .
the arab states will enjoy their legitimate rights and international status thanks to united arab effort . ''
continuing pressure from syrian nationalist groups and british pressure forced the french to evacuate their last troops on april 17 , 1946 .
ties between the british-backed regent ` abd al-ilah and al-pachachi were gradually weakened as the regent argued for more involvement in the political party system .
under intense pressure from ` abd al-ilah , al-pachachi was forced to resign from his post as prime minister in february 1946 .
on may 2 , 1946 , he said the arabs must `` take decisive action , which is now the only available course '' regarding the issue of palestine .
in 1948 , the year of the arab-israeli war , pachachi was appointed foreign minister under prime minister sayyid muhammad as-sadr .
on february 18 , 1948 , he announced that the arab-israeli war was the fault of then us president harry truman stating `` mr. truman set fire to palestine . ''
on march 9 , 1948 , pachachi announced that `` the arabs will take action to prevent the continued bloodshed in palestine '' and that the arab and muslim world must reject the establishment of israel `` at any price . ''
he died of a heart attack while in that office at the age of 65 , on march 28 , 1948 .
