caption death_date death_place children birth_place awards name birth_date spouse image article_title birth_name image_alt death_cause
ernest the bell tolls '' at sun valley , idaho in hemingway december 1939 working at his book '' for whom 2 july 1961 ketchum , idaho , u.s. jack , patrick , gregory oak park , illinois , united states pulitzer in literature -lrb- 1954 -rrb- prize for fiction -lrb- 1953 -rrb- nobel prize ernest hemingway 21 july 1899 elizabeth pfeiffer -lrb- 1927 -- 1940 -rrb- martha gellhorn -lrb- 1940 hadley -- 1945 -rrb- mary welsh hemingway -lrb- 1946 -- 1961 richardson -rrb- -lrb- 1921 -- 1927 -rrb- pauline ernesthemingway.jpg ernest hemingway
 ernest miller hemingway dark-haired a typewriter at a table on which sits an open man book in light colored short-sleeved shirt working on suicide by gunshot
ernest hemingway

ernest miller hemingway -lrb- july 21 , 1899 -- july 2 , 1961 -rrb- was an american author and journalist .
his economical and understated style had a strong influence on 20th-century fiction , while his life of adventure and his public image influenced later generations .
hemingway produced most of his work between the mid-1920s and the mid-1950s , and won the nobel prize in literature in 1954 .
he published seven novels , six short story collections , and two non-fiction works .
additional works , including three novels , four short story collections , and three non-fiction works , were published posthumously .
many of his works are considered classics of american literature .
hemingway was raised in oak park , illinois .
after high school he reported for a few months for `` the kansas city star '' , before leaving for the italian front to enlist with the world war i ambulance drivers .
in 1918 , he was seriously wounded and returned home .
his wartime experiences formed the basis for his novel `` a farewell to arms '' -lrb- 1929 -rrb- .
in 1921 , he married hadley richardson , the first of his four wives .
the couple moved to paris , where he worked as a foreign correspondent and fell under the influence of the modernist writers and artists of the 1920s `` lost generation '' expatriate community .
he published his first novel , `` the sun also rises '' , in 1926 .
after his 1927 divorce from hadley richardson , hemingway married pauline pfeiffer ; they divorced after he returned from the spanish civil war where he had been a journalist , and after which he wrote `` for whom the bell tolls '' -lrb- 1940 -rrb- .
martha gellhorn became his third wife in 1940 ; they separated when he met mary welsh in london during world war ii .
he was present at the normandy landings and the liberation of paris .
shortly after the publication of `` the old man and the sea '' -lrb- 1952 -rrb- , hemingway went on safari to africa , where he was almost killed in two successive plane crashes that left him in pain or ill health for much of his remaining life .
hemingway maintained permanent residences in key west , florida , -lrb- 1930s -rrb- and cuba -lrb- 1940s and 1950s -rrb- , and in 1959 , he bought a house in ketchum , idaho , where he committed suicide in the summer of 1961 .
