father death_date successor spouse article_title name
ashina tuwu 552 issik qaghan princess changle bumin qaghan
 bumin qaghan
bumin qaghan

bumin qaghan -lrb- old turkic : , bumïn qaγan , a.k.a. bumın kagan -rrb- or illig qaghan -lrb- chinese : 伊利可汗 , pinyin : yīlì kěhàn , wade -- giles : i-li k ` o-han , died 552 ad -rrb- was the founder of the turkic khaganate .
he was the eldest son of ashina tuwu -lrb- 吐務 / 吐务 -rrb- .
he was the chieftain of the türks under the sovereignty of rouran khaganate .
he is also mentioned as `` tumen '' -lrb- 土門 , 吐門 , commander of ten thousand -rrb- of the rouran khaganate .
his name is certainly not of turkic origin , but rather a loanword from another language .
according to `` history of northern dynasties '' and `` zizhi tongjian '' , in 545 tumen 's tribe started to rise and frequently invaded the western frontier of wei .
the chancellor of western wei yuwen tai sent an nuopanto -lrb- nanai-banda , a sogdian from bukhara -rrb- to kök türks to greet its chieftain tumen to try to establish commercial relationship .
in 546 , tumen presented tribute to western wei .
and in the same year he put down a revolt of the tiele tribes against their overlords the rouran khaganate .
he took advantage of this success and requested a rouran princess in marriage .
but the qaghan of rouran anagui refused this request and sent to bumin a mission and message : `` you are my blacksmith slave .
how dare you utter these words ? '' .
bumin got angry and killed anagui 's mission and cut all relationship with rouran khaganate .
anagui 's `` blacksmith '' -lrb- 鍛奴 / 锻奴 , pinyin : duàn nú , wade -- giles : tuan-nu -rrb- insult was recorded in chinese chronicles and historians accepted that the kök türks were indeed blacksmith servants for the rouran elite , and that `` blacksmith slavery '' may indicate a kind of vassalage system prevailed in rouran society .
nevertheless , after this incident bumin emerged as the leader of the revolt against rouran .
in 551 , bumin requested a western wei princess in marriage .
yuwen tai permitted it and sent princess changle of western wei to bumin .
in the same year when emperor wen of western wei died bumin sent mission and gave two hundred horses .
the beginning of formal diplomatic relations with china propped up bumin 's authority among the turks .
he eventually united the local turkic tribes and threw off the yoke of the rouran domination .
in 552 bumin 's army defeated anagui 's forces at the north of huaihuang and then anagui committed suicide .
with their defeat bumin proclaimed himself `` illig qaghan '' and made his wife qaghatun .
according to the bilge qaghan 's memorial complex and the kul tigin 's memorial complex , bumin and istemi ruled people by turkic laws and they developed them .
bumin died within several months after proclaiming himself illig qaghan .
he was succeeded by his younger brother istemi in the western part and by his son issik qaghan in the eastern part .
in less than one century , his khaganate expanded to comprise most of central asia .
