religion birth_place nationality birth_date spouse residence birthname article_title name
islam jakarta , indonesia indonesian 3 january 1941 leila chairani budiman jakarta , indonesia soe hok djin arief budiman
 arief budiman
arief budiman

arief budiman -lrb- born soe hok djin ; january 3 , 1941 -rrb- -lrb- -rrb- , is the older brother of soe hok gie .
he graduated from kolese kanisius , a jesuit high school , and then universitas indonesia where he earned a bachelor degree in psychology in 1968 .
in 1980 , he earned his ph.d. in sociology from harvard university , usa .
he is a chinese indonesian sociologist and was a lecturer at the universitas kristen satya wacana , salatiga , indonesia until 1996 .
from 1997 until the time of this writing , he is a professor in indonesian studies in university of melbourne , australia .
he is a vocal critic of indonesian politics .
for example , he is quoted in adam schwarz 's book `` a nation in waiting '' -lrb- 1994 edition -rrb- as having elucidated the following analysis of third world democracy in 1992 , while suharto was still in power : `` the first is what i would call loan democracy .
this democracy exists when the state is very strong so it can afford to be criticised .
a sort of democratic space then emerges in which people can express their opinions freely .
however , when the state thinks the criticism has gone too far , it will simply take back the democracy that it has only lent .
the people have no power to resist .
there is , second , limited democracy .
this democracy exists only when there is a conflict among the state elites ... people can criticise one faction of the ` powers that be ' and be protected by the opposite faction ... however , when the conflict within the elite is over , this democratic space will probably disappear also . ''
