district predecessor successor death_date birth_place death_place party term_end office birth_date term_start appointer image article_title state name alma_mater
maryland 3 3rd patrick magruder position established seat established alexander hanson position abolished seat abolished 28 july 1815 charlestown , maryland , british america washington , d.c. , u.s. federalist march 1 , 1802 4 , 1813 july 1 , 1802 july chief the fourth circuit judge of the united states circuit court judge for the fourth circuit of the united states circuit court for 12 april 1757 march 20 , 1801 4 , 1807 february 20 , 1801 february john adams pbkey.jpg philip barton key
 maryland philip key middle temple
philip barton key

philip barton key -lrb- april 12 , 1757 -- july 28 , 1815 -rrb- was a representative from the third district of maryland , and later a united states federal judge .
unusually for a politician in the early united states , key had been a loyalist in the american revolution .
born in charlestown .
cecil county , maryland , key pursued an academic course .
during the war of independence he served in the maryland loyalists battalion as a captain .
he fought with the british army from 1777 to 1781 , until he was captured by the spanish in pensacola , florida with the rest of his battalion .
he was kept as prisoner for a month in havana , cuba , before being paroled and sent to new york city until the end of the war .
after the war key traveled to england to study law at the middle temple .
in 1785 he returned to maryland and read law to be admitted to the bar .
he began practicing law in leonardtown , maryland in 1787 , before moving to annapolis in 1790 , becoming a member of the maryland house of delegates from 1794 until 1799 .
he served as mayor of annapolis from 1797 to 1798 .
he returned briefly to private practice in annapolis from 1799 to 1800 .
on february 18 , 1801 , key was nominated by president john adams to a new seat on the united states circuit court for the fourth circuit , created by 2 stat .
89 .
he was confirmed by the united states senate on february 20 , 1801 , and received his commission the same day .
he served as chief judge of that court from 1801-1802 .
key 's service was terminated on july 1 , 1802 , with the abolition of the court .
key then returned to private practice , from 1802 to 1807 .
he was a counsel to justice samuel chase during chase 's senate impeachment trial in 1805 .
during this time he built and lived in woodley mansion in washington , dc .
in the fall of 1806 key moved to montgomery county , maryland and became interested in agriculture .
between march 4 , 1807 and march 3 , 1813 , he was elected as a federalist to the tenth , eleventh and twelfth u.s. congresses .
he also served as chairman for the committee on district of columbia during the tenth congress .
key died in washington county , d.c. , and was interred on his estate , known as `` woodley '' .
later , he was re-interred at oak hill cemetery in washington , d.c.
