death_date children nationality birth_date alt signature academic_advisors alma_mater death_place image_size spouse image name caption birth_place field doctoral_advisor workplaces article_title birth_name
18 november 1962 six danish 7 october 1885 photograph in a suit and tie showing the head and shoulders of a man niels bohr signature.svg j. j. thomson university of copenhagen copenhagen , denmark 250px margrethe -rrb- nørlund -lrb- m. 1912 & ndash ; 1962 niels bohr.jpg niels bohr bohr in 1922 copenhagen , denmark physics christian christiansen university manchester of copenhagen university of cambridge victoria university of niels bohr
 niels henrik david bohr
niels bohr

niels henrik david bohr -lrb- ; 7 october 1885 -- 18 november 1962 -rrb- was a danish physicist who made foundational contributions to understanding atomic structure and quantum theory , for which he received the nobel prize in physics in 1922 .
bohr was also a philosopher and a promoter of scientific research .
bohr developed the bohr model of the atom , in which he proposed that energy levels of electrons are discrete and that the electrons revolve in stable orbits around the atomic nucleus but can jump from one energy level -lrb- or orbit -rrb- to another .
although the bohr model has been supplanted by other models , its underlying principles remain valid .
he conceived the principle of complementarity : that items could be separately analysed in terms of contradictory properties , like behaving as a wave or a stream of particles .
the notion of complementarity dominated bohr 's thinking in both science and philosophy .
bohr founded the institute of theoretical physics at the university of copenhagen , now known as the niels bohr institute , which opened in 1920 .
bohr mentored and collaborated with physicists including hans kramers , oskar klein , george de hevesy and werner heisenberg .
he predicted the existence of a new zirconium-like element , which was named hafnium , after the latin name for copenhagen , where it was discovered .
later , the element bohrium was named after him .
during the 1930s , bohr helped refugees from nazism .
after denmark was occupied by the germans , he had a famous meeting with heisenberg , who had become the head of the german nuclear energy project .
in september 1943 , word reached bohr that he was about to be arrested by the germans , and he fled to sweden .
from there , he was flown to britain , where he joined the british tube alloys nuclear weapons project , and was part of the british mission to the manhattan project .
after the war , bohr called for international cooperation on nuclear energy .
he was involved with the establishment of cern and the research establishment risø of the danish atomic energy commission , and became the first chairman of the nordic institute for theoretical physics in 1957 .
