death_date death_place birth_place nationality fields workplaces birth_date signature image article_title name
15 january 1938 zagreb virovitica croatian linguistics , lexicography university arts of zagreb , croatian academy of sciences and 13 october 1854 potpis tomislava maretića.svg tomislav maretic.jpg tomislav maretić
 tomislav maretić
tomislav maretić

tomislav maretić -lrb- october 13 , 1854 -- january 15 , 1938 -rrb- was a croatian linguist and lexicographer .
he was born in virovitica , where he attended primary school and the gymnasium in varaždin , požega and zagreb .
after graduating simultaneously slavistics and classical philology at the philosophical faculty of the university of zagreb in a three-year program , he passes his teacher exam for high-school teaching of ancient greek and latin as primary , and croatian as a secondary course .
in 1877 he works as a probationary , and since 1880 as an assistant teacher in velika gimnazija in zagreb .
he received his ph.d. in 1884 in slavic studies and philosophy with the thesis `` o nekim pojavama kvantitete i akcenta u jeziku hrvatskom ili srpskom '' -lrb- `` on some changes of quantity and accent in croatian or serbian language '' -rrb- .
he further specialized in postdoctoral studies at the neogrammarian centers of leipzig and prague .
he was appointed professor extraordinarius for `` slavic philology with particular emphasis on croatian and serbian history of language and literature '' in 1886 -lrb- since 1890 ordinary professor and jazu member -rrb- .
in 1892 at the electional list of magyar unionist party he was elected as a representative of gospić , and since 1900 of slunj kotar .
in the period 1915 - 1918 he served as the president of jazu , and twice as the head of the philological-historical class of the academy , first from 1906 -- 1913 , then a second time from 1919-1928 .
as a gymnasium student he published short literary works -lrb- signing as `` tomislav '' -rrb- .
in the 1880s he focused on croatian orthography and alphabet issues , having published a few papers on it -lrb- the study '' `` historija hrvatskoga pravopisa latinskijem slovima '' '' -rrb- in which he was laying foundations for the acceptance of phonologically-based orthography .
at the end of the 19th century he published two grammars : the `` academic '' -lrb- '' `` gramatika i stilistika hrvatskoga ili srpskoga književnog jezika '' '' -rrb- and gymnasium -lrb- '' `` gramatika hrvatskoga jezika za niže razrede srednjih škola '' '' , both in 1899 -rrb- version , in which he completely directed grammatical norm of the croatian literary language towards neoštokavian .
those two grammars represent the final confrontation with the competing conception of standard language advocated by zagreb philological school .
beside ivan broz , he was among the first shtokavian purists .
in 1907 he became editor of the massive dictionary compiled by the academy , and until his death -lrb- from the lexeme `` maslo '' up to the lexeme `` pršutina '' -rrb- he has edited approximately 5 500 pages which makes him one of the most prolific croatian lexicographers .
he studied the language of slavonian and dalmatian writers and folk epics .
he translated works from polish , latin and ancient greek , and some of the most well-known croatian translations of the world 's literature classics -lrb- mickiewicz , ovid , virgil , homer -rrb- are his work .
in order to translate the classics he formed accentual hexameter which petar skok called '' `` maretić 's life 's work '' '' .
by his beliefs maretić is a croatian vukovian , the advocate of the croatian and serbian linguistic unity and the usage of phonological orthography , idealizer of the '' `` pure people 's language '' '' and of exclusively -lrb- neo - -rrb- Štokavian basis of the serbo-croatian standard language .
he died in zagreb .
