death_date nationality birth_date signature residence alma_mater death_place birth_name doctoral_students image death_cause caption birth_place field known_for doctoral_advisor work_institution notable_students article_title prizes
5 september 1906 austrian 20 february 1844 ludwig boltzmann signature.svg austria , germany university of vienna tybein italy -rrb- near trieste , austria-hungary -lrb- present-day duino , ludwig eduard boltzmann paul klemenčič ehrenfest philipp frank gustav herglotz franc hočevar ignacij boltzmann2.jpg suicide ludwig boltzmann vienna , austrian empire -lrb- present-day austria -rrb- physics boltzmann boltzmann distribution stefan -- boltzmann constant stefan -- boltzmann law constant maxwell-boltzmann statistics boltzmann factor boltzmann equation boltzmann distribution h-theorem maxwell -- josef stefan university university of leipzig of graz university of vienna university of munich lise meitner ludwig boltzmann
 formemrs -lrb- 1899 -rrb-
ludwig boltzmann

ludwig eduard boltzmann -lrb- february 20 , 1844 -- september 5 , 1906 -rrb- was an austrian physicist and philosopher whose greatest achievement was in the development of statistical mechanics , which explains and predicts how the properties of atoms -lrb- such as mass , charge , and structure -rrb- determine the physical properties of matter -lrb- such as viscosity , thermal conductivity , and diffusion -rrb- .
