death_place death_date birth_place awards ethnicity fields workplaces birth_date known_for residence article_title academic_advisors alma_mater
perchtoldsdorf , niederösterreich 4 october 1920 brody , galicia , austrian empire hann medal of acknowledgement & nbsp ;-lrb- 1919 -rrb- jewish meteorology austria zamg -lrb- vienna -rrb- university of vienna 23 april 1856 margules formula margules activity model austria , germany max margules
 ludwig boltzmann university of vienna
max margules

max margules was a mathematician , physicist , and chemist .
in 1877 he joined the central institute of meteorology and geodynamics -lrb- zamg -rrb- in vienna as a volunteer .
after two years he left vienna to study in berlin for a year .
he returned to vienna and received his phd in electrodynamics .
during his doctoral studies he was a privatdozent : an unpaid position , but one which allowed him to lecture students .
students ' fees gave him some income .
later , administration offered this teaching job to someone else after he refused to convert from judiasm to acquire the position , which ended his academic career .
in 1882 he returned to zamg .
during this time he focused on electro - and hydrodynamic problems .
in his free time he studied physical and physico-chemical problems .
the duhem -- margules equation and the margules ' gibbs free energy equation are examples of his free-time devotion .
in 1900 his interest switched to meteorology and deployed his thermodynamic knowledge .
this led to the margules formula , a formula for characterizing the slope of a front .
in 1919 the austrian society for meteorology awarded him the silver hann medal of acknowledgement .
margules accepted the medal , but rejected the money .
he rejected all attempts to make the last year of his life bearable .
his small pension and the devaluation of the currency due to wwi led to a life in poverty .
he contented himself with food coupons in the post wwi period .
he developed hunger edema , which he refused to remedy and on the 4th of october 1920 he died from starvation .
today julius von hann , head of zamg in that time , and max margules are seen as theoretical pillars of meteorology .
