|name article_title image religion
luigi taparelli d’azeglio luigi taparelli
 fr . _ luigi_taparelli . jpg roman catholic
luigi taparelli

luigi taparelli d'azeglio -lrb- 1793 -- 1862 -rrb- was an italian catholic scholar of the society of jesus who coined the term social justice .
he cofounded the journal `` civiltà cattolica '' in 1850 and wrote for it for twelve years .
he was particularly concerned with the problems arising from the industrial revolution .
he was a proponent of reviving the philosophical school of thomism , and his social teachings influenced pope leo xiii 's 1891 encyclical , `` rerum novarum '' -lrb- on the condition of the working classes -rrb- .
in 1825 , he became convinced that the philosophy of thomas aquinas needed to be revived , thinking that the subjective philosophy of rené descartes leads to dramatic errors in morality and politics .
he reasoned that whereas different opinions on the natural sciences have no effect on nature , unclear metaphysical ideas about humanity and society can lead to social chaos .
the catholic church had not yet developed a clear philosophical view regarding the great social changes that were appearing in the early nineteenth century in europe , which led to much confusion among the church hierarchy and laity .
in response to this problem , taparelli applied the methods of thomism to these social problems in a coherent manner .
after the social revolutions of 1848 , the church decided to enter the conflict raging between the `` laissez-faire '' liberal capitalists and the socialists .
up until then , the church relied primarily on evangelical charitable activities .
in 1850 , taparelli was granted permission by pope pius ix to co-found `` civiltà cattolica '' with carlo maria curci .
in particular , he attacked the tendency to separate morality from positive law , and also the `` heterodox spirit '' of unconstrained freedom of conscience which destroyed the unity of society .
his major ideas include sociality and subsidiarity .
he viewed society as not a monolithic group of individuals , but of various levels of sub-societies , with individuals being members of these .
each level of society has both rights and duties which should be recognized and supported .
all levels of society should cooperate rationally and not resort to competition and conflict .
his brother was the italian politician massimo d'azeglio .
