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300px schmidt sting pain index work on killer bees justin o. schmidt
 justin orvel schmidt penn state
justin o. schmidt

justin orvel schmidt -lrb- born 1947 -rrb- is an american entomologist , co-author of `` insect defenses : adaptive mechanisms and strategies of prey and predators '' and creator of the schmidt sting pain index .
schmidt studied honey bee nutrition , chemical communication , physiology , ecology and behavior at the carl hayden bee research center in tucson , arizona , before taking lead and devoting full-time to the southwestern biological institute in 2006 .
as research director of the southwest biological institute , he studies the chemical and behavioral defenses of ants , wasps , and arachnids .
