# Module:Lang

--[=[  

Lua support for the , , , and templates and replacement of various supporting templates.  

]=]  

require('strict');  

local getArgs = require ('Module:Arguments').getArgs;  
local unicode = require ("Module:Unicode data"); -- for is_Latin and is_rtl  
local yesno = require ('Module:Yesno');  

local lang_data = mw.loadData ('Module:Lang/data'); -- language name override and transliteration tool-tip tables  
local lang_name_table = lang_data.lang_name_table; -- language codes, names, regions, scripts, suppressed scripts  
local lang_table = lang_data.lang_name_table.lang;  
local lang_dep_table = lang_data.lang_name_table.lang_dep;  
local script_table = lang_data.lang_name_table.script;  
local region_table = lang_data.lang_name_table.region;  
local variant_table = lang_data.lang_name_table.variant;  
local suppressed_table = lang_data.lang_name_table.suppressed;  
local override_table = lang_data.override;  

local synonym_table = mw.loadData ('Module:Lang/ISO 639 synonyms'); -- ISO 639-2/639-2T code translation to 639-1 code  

local cfg = mw.loadData ('Module:Lang/configuration' .. (mw.getCurrentFrame:getTitle:match ('/sandbox') or '')); -- for internationalization  

local is_latn_data = mw.loadData ('Module:Lang/data/is latn data');  
local sizeof_ranges_t = is_latn_data.sizeof_ranges_t;  

local namespace = mw.title.getCurrentTitle.namespace; -- used for categorization  

local content_lang = mw.language.getContentLanguage;  
local this_wiki_lang_tag = content_lang.code; -- get this wiki's language tag  
local this_wiki_lang_dir = content_lang:getDir; -- get this wiki's language direction  

local initial_style_state; -- set by lang_xx_normal and lang_xx_italic  

local maint_cats = {}; -- maintenance categories go here  
local maint_msgs = {}; -- and their messages go here  

----------------------------< M A K E _ E R R O R _ S P A N >--------------------------------------------------  

local function make_error_span (template, msg)  
return table.concat ({'<span>', cfg.misc_text_t.error, ': ', template, msg, '</span>'})  
end  

----------------------------< S U B S T I T U T E >----------------------------------------------------------  

Substitutes $1, $2, etc in <message> with data from <data_t>. Returns plain-text substituted string when  
<data_t> not nil; returns <message> else.  

local function substitute (message, data_t)  
return data_t and mw.message.newRawMessage (message, data_t):plain or message;  
end  

----------------------------< M A K E _ E R R O R _ M S G >--------------------------------------------------  

Assembles an error message from template name, message text, help link, and error category.  

local function make_error_msg (msg, args_t, template)  
local category;  
local text; -- handle the oddity that is  
if cfg.templates_t.langxx == template then  
text = args_t.text or args_t[1]; -- for  
else  
text = args_t.text or args_t[2]; -- for , , and  
end  

if cfg.templates_t.transliteration == template then  
category = cfg.make_error_msg_t.xlit_err_cat;  
else  
category = cfg.make_error_msg_t.lang_err_cat;  
end  

local category_link = ((0 == namespace or 10 == namespace) and not args_t.nocat) and substitute (*, {category}) or *;  
return substitute ('[$1] <span>$2: : $4 ($6)</span>$7',  
{  
text or cfg.make_error_msg_t.undefined,  
cfg.misc_text_t.error,  
template,  
msg,  
category,  
cfg.misc_text_t.help,  
category_link  
})  
end  

----------------------------< P A R A M E T E R _ V A L I D A T E >------------------------------------------  

local function parameter_validate (args_t, template)  
local err_msg = cfg.parameter_validate_t.invalid_param;  

if cfg.templates_t.lang == template then -- for  
for param, _ in pairs (args_t) do  
if not cfg.known_params_t.params_lang_t[param] and -- unique parameters  
not cfg.known_params_t.common_params_all_t[param] then -- common to all  
return substitute (err_msg, {param}); -- <param> not found so abandon  
end  
end  
elseif cfg.templates_t.langx == template then -- for  
for param, _ in pairs (args_t) do  
if not cfg.known_params_t.params_langx_t[param] and -- unique parameters  
not cfg.known_params_t.params_x_t[param] and -- common to and  
not cfg.known_params_t.common_params_all_t[param] then -- common to all  
return substitute (err_msg, {param}); -- <param> not found so abandon  
end  
end  
elseif cfg.templates_t.langxx == template then -- for  
for param, _ in pairs (args_t) do  
if not cfg.known_params_t.params_lang_xx_t[param] and -- unique parameters  
not cfg.known_params_t.params_x_t[param] and -- common to and  
not cfg.known_params_t.common_params_all_t[param] then -- common to all  
return substitute (err_msg, {param}); -- <param> not found so abandon  
end  
end  
end  
end  

----------------------------< I S _ S E T >------------------------------------------------------------------  

Returns true if argument is set; false otherwise. Argument is 'set' when it exists (not nil) or when it is not  
an empty string.  

local function is_set (var)  
return not (var == nil or var == '');  
end  

--italic=unset, |italic=invert disables automatic italic markup. Individual leading/trailing  
apostrophes are converted to their html numeric entity equivalent so that the new italic markup doesn't become  
bold markup inadvertently.  

Leading and trailing wiki markup is extracted from args.text into separate table elements. Addition, removal,  
replacement of wiki markup is handled by a string.gsub replacement table operating only on these separate elements.  
In the string.gsub matching pattern, '.*' matches empty string as well as the three expected wiki markup patterns.  

This function expects that markup in args.text is complete and correct; if it is not, oddness may result.  

local function invert_italics (source)  
local invert_pattern_table = { -- leading/trailing markup add/remove/replace patterns  
[""]="\'\'", -- empty string becomes italic markup  
["\'\'"]="", -- italic markup becomes empty string  
["\'\'\'"]="\'\'\'\'\'", -- bold becomes bold italic  
["\'\'\'\'\'"]="\'\'\'", -- bold italic become bold  
};  
local seg = {};  

source = source:gsub ("%f[\']\'%f[^\']", '&#39;'); -- protect single quote marks from being interpreted as bold markup  

seg[1] = source:match ('^(\'\'+%f[^\']).+') or ''; -- get leading markup, if any; ignore single quote  
seg[3] = source:match ('.+(%f[\']\'\'+)$') or ''; -- get trailing markup, if any; ignore single quote  

if * ~= seg[1] and * ~= seg[3] then -- extract the 'text'  
seg[2] = source:match ('^\'\'+%f[^\'](.+)%f[\']\'\'+$') -- from between leading and trailing markup  
elseif '' ~= seg[1] then  
seg[2] = source:match ('^\'\'+%f[^\'](.+)') -- following leading markup  
elseif '' ~= seg[3] then  
seg[2] = source:match ('(.+)%f[\']\'\'+$') -- preceding trailing markup  
else  
seg[2] = source -- when there is no markup  
end  

seg[1] = invert_pattern_table[seg[1]] or seg[1]; -- replace leading markup according to pattern table  
seg[3] = invert_pattern_table[seg[3]] or seg[3]; -- replace leading markup according to pattern table  

return table.concat (seg); -- put it all back together and done  
end  

--italic= or |italics= assigned values.  

When |italic= is set and has an acceptible assigned value, return the matching css font-style property value or,  
for the special case 'default', return nil.  

When |italic= is not set, or has an unacceptible assigned value, return nil and a nil error message.  

When both |italic= and |italics= are set, returns nil and a 'conflicting' error message.  

The return value nil causes the calling lang, lang_xx, or transl function to set args.italic according to the template's  
defined default ('inherit' for , 'inherit' or 'italic' for depending on  
the individual template's requirements, 'italic' for ) or to the value appropriate to |script=, if set (  
and only).  

Accepted values and the values that this function returns are are:  
nil - when |italic= absent or not set; returns nil  
default - for completeness, should rarely if ever be used; returns nil  
yes - force args.text to be rendered in italic font; returns 'italic'  
no - force args.text to be rendered in normal font; returns 'normal'  
unset - disables font control so that font-style applied to text is dictated by markup inside or outside the template; returns 'inherit'  
invert - disables font control so that font-style applied to text is dictated by markup outside or inverted inside the template; returns 'invert'  

local function validate_italic (args)  
local properties = {[cfg.keywords_t.affirmative] = 'italic', [cfg.keywords_t.negative] = 'normal', [cfg.keywords_t.unset] = 'inherit', [cfg.keywords_t.invert] = 'invert', [cfg.keywords_t.default] = nil};  

local count = 0  
for _, arg in pairs {'italic', 'italics', 'i'} do  
if args[arg] then  
count = count + 1  
end  
end  

if count > 1 then -- return nil and an error message if more than one is set  
return nil, cfg.validate_italic_t.multi_italic;  
end  

return properties[args.italic or args.italics or args.i], nil; -- return an appropriate value and a nil error message  
end  

--[=[--------------------------< V A L I D A T E _ C A T _ A R G S >----------------------------------------------------------  

Default behavior of the and templates is to add categorization when the templates are used in mainspace.  
This default functionality may be suppressed by setting |nocat=yes or |cat=no. This function selects one of these two parameters  
to control categorization.  

Because having two parameters with 'opposite' names and 'opposite' values is confusing, this function accepts only affirmative  
values for |nocat= and only negative values for |cat=; in both cases the 'other' sense (and non-sense) is not accepted and the  
parameter is treated as if it were not set in the template.  

Sets args.nocat to true if categorization is to be turned off; to nil if the default behavior should apply.  

Accepted values for |nocat= are the text strings:  
'yes', 'y', 'true', 't', on, '1' -- Module:Yesno returns logical true for all of these; false or nil else  
for |cat=  
'no', 'n', 'false', 'f', 'off', '0' -- Module:Yesno returns logical false for all of these; true or nil else  

]=]  

local function validate_cat_args (args)  
if not (args.nocat or args.cat) then -- both are nil, so categorize  
return;  
end  

if false == yesno (args.cat) or true == yesno (args.nocat) then  
args.nocat = true; -- set to true when args.nocat is affirmative; nil else (as if the parameter were not set in the template)  
else -- args.nocat is the parameter actually used.  
args.nocat = nil;  
end  
end  

----------------------------< I N _ A R R A Y >--------------------------------------------------------------  

Whether needle is in haystack.  

local function in_array (needle, haystack)  
if needle == nil then  
return false;  
end  
for n,v in ipairs (haystack) do  
if v == needle then  
return n;  
end  
end  
return false;  
end  

----------------------------< F O R M A T _ I E T F _ T A G >------------------------------------------------  

Prettify ietf tags to use recommended subtag formats:  
code: lower case  
script: sentence case  
region: upper case  
variant: lower case  
private: lower case prefixed with -x-  

local function format_ietf_tag (code, script, region, variant, private)  
local out = {};  

if is_set (private) then  
return table.concat ({code:lower, 'x', private:lower}, '-'); -- if private, all other tags ignored  
end  

table.insert (out, code:lower);  
if is_set (script) then  
script = script:lower:gsub ('^%a', string.upper);  
table.insert (out, script);  
end  

if is_set (region) then  
table.insert (out, region:upper);  
end  

if is_set (variant) then  
table.insert (out, variant:lower);  
end  

return table.concat (out, '-');  
end  

--script=, |region=, and |variant= are supported (not supported in  
because those parameters are superfluous to the IETF subtags in |code=).  

Returns six values; all lower case. Valid parts are returned as themselves; omitted parts are returned as empty strings, invalid  
parts are returned as nil; the sixth returned item is an error message (if an error detected) or nil.  

See http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/bcp/bcp47.txt section 2.1.  

local function get_ietf_parts (source, args_script, args_region, args_variant)  
local code, script, region, variant, private; -- ietf tag parts  

if not is_set (source) then  
return nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, cfg.get_ietf_parts_t.missing_lang_tag;  
end  

local pattern = { -- table of tables holding acceptibe ietf tag patterns and short names of the ietf part captured by the pattern  
{'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a%a%a)%-(%a%a)%-(%d%d%d%d)$', 's', 'r', 'v'}, -- 1 - ll-Ssss-RR-variant (where variant is 4 digits)  
{'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a%a%a)%-(%d%d%d)%-(%d%d%d%d)$', 's', 'r', 'v'}, -- 2 - ll-Ssss-DDD-variant (where region is 3 digits; variant is 4 digits)  
{'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a%a%a)%-(%a%a)%-(%w%w%w%w%w%w?%w?%w?)$', 's', 'r', 'v'}, -- 3 - ll-Ssss-RR-variant (where variant is 5-8 alnum characters)  
{'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a%a%a)%-(%d%d%d)%-(%w%w%w%w%w%w?%w?%w?)$', 's', 'r', 'v'}, -- 4 - ll-Ssss-DDD-variant (where region is 3 digits; variant is 5-8 alnum characters)  

{'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a%a%a)%-(%d%d%d%d)$', 's', 'v'}, -- 5 - ll-Ssss-variant (where variant is 4 digits)  
{'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a%a%a)%-(%w%w%w%w%w%w?%w?%w?)$', 's', 'v'}, -- 6 - ll-Ssss-variant (where variant is 5-8 alnum characters)  

{'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a)%-(%d%d%d%d)$', 'r', 'v'}, -- 7 - ll-RR-variant (where variant is 4 digits)  
{'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%d%d%d)%-(%d%d%d%d)$', 'r', 'v'}, -- 8 - ll-DDD-variant (where region is 3 digits; variant is 4 digits)  
{'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a)%-(%w%w%w%w%w%w?%w?%w?)$', 'r', 'v'}, -- 9 - ll-RR-variant (where variant is 5-8 alnum characters)  
{'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%d%d%d)%-(%w%w%w%w%w%w?%w?%w?)$', 'r', 'v'}, -- 10 - ll-DDD-variant (where region is 3 digits; variant is 5-8 alnum characters)  

{'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%d%d%d%d)$', 'v'}, -- 11 - ll-variant (where variant is 4 digits)  
{'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%w%w%w%w%w%w?%w?%w?)$', 'v'}, -- 12 - ll-variant (where variant is 5-8 alnum characters)  

{'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a%a%a)%-(%a%a)$', 's', 'r'}, -- 13 - ll-Ssss-RR  
{'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a%a%a)%-(%d%d%d)$', 's', 'r'}, -- 14 - ll-Ssss-DDD (region is 3 digits)  

{'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a%a%a)$', 's'}, -- 15 - ll-Ssss  

{'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a)$', 'r'}, -- 16 - ll-RR  
{'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%d%d%d)$', 'r'}, -- 17 - ll-DDD (region is 3 digits)  

{'^(%a%a%a?)$'}, -- 18 - ll  

{'^(%a%a%a?)%-x%-(%w%w?%w?%w?%w?%w?%w?%w?)$', 'p'}, -- 19 - ll-x-pppppppp (private is 1-8 alnum characters)  
}  

local t = {}; -- table of captures; serves as a translator between captured ietf tag parts and named variables  

for i, v in ipairs (pattern) do -- spin through the pattern table looking for a match  
local c1, c2, c3, c4; -- captures in the 'pattern' from the pattern table go here  

c1, c2, c3, c4 = source:match (pattern[i][1]); -- one or more captures set if source matches pattern[i])  
if c1 then -- c1 always set on match  
code = c1; -- first capture is always code  
t = {  
[pattern[i][2] or 'x'] = c2, -- fill the table of captures with the rest of the captures  
[pattern[i][3] or 'x'] = c3, -- take index names from pattern table and assign sequential captures  
[pattern[i][4] or 'x'] = c4, -- index name may be nil in pattern[i] table so "or 'x'" spoofs a name for this index in this table  
};  
script = t.s or ''; -- translate table contents to named variables;  
region = t.r or ''; -- absent table entries are nil so set named ietf parts to empty string for concatenation  
variant= t.v or '';  
private = t.p or '';  
break; -- and done  
end  
end  

if not code then  
return nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, substitute (cfg.get_ietf_parts_t.unrecog_tag, {source}); -- don't know what we got but it is malformed  
end  

code = code:lower; -- ensure that we use and return lower case version of this  

if not (override_table[code] or lang_table[code] or synonym_table[code] or lang_dep_table[code]) then  
return nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, substitute (cfg.get_ietf_parts_t.unrecog_code, {code}); -- invalid language code, don't know about the others (don't care?)  
end  

if synonym_table[code] then -- if 639-2/639-2T code has a 639-1 synonym  
table.insert (maint_cats, substitute (cfg.get_ietf_parts_t.maint_promo_cat, {code}));  
table.insert (maint_msgs, substitute (cfg.get_ietf_parts_t.maint_promo_msg, {code, synonym_table[code]}));  
code = synonym_table[code]; -- use the synonym  
end  

if is_set (script) then  
if is_set (args_script) then  
return code, nil, nil, nil, nil, cfg.get_ietf_parts_t.redundant_scr; -- both code with script and |script= not allowed  
end  
else  
script = args_script or ''; -- use args.script if provided  
end  

if is_set (script) then  
script = script:lower; -- ensure that we use and return lower case version of this  
if not script_table[script] then  
return code, nil, nil, nil, nil, substitute (cfg.get_ietf_parts_t.unrecog_scr_code, {script, code}); -- language code ok, invalid script, don't know about the others (don't care?)  
end  
end  
if suppressed_table[script] then -- ensure that code-script does not use a suppressed script  
if in_array (code, suppressed_table[script]) then  
return code, nil, nil, nil, nil, substitute (cfg.get_ietf_parts_t.script_code, {script, code}); -- language code ok, script is suppressed for this code  
end  
end  

if is_set (region) then  
if is_set (args_region) then  
return code, nil, nil, nil, nil, cfg.get_ietf_parts_t.redundant_reg; -- both code with region and |region= not allowed  
end  
else  
region = args_region or ''; -- use args.region if provided  
end  

if is_set (region) then  
region = region:lower; -- ensure that we use and return lower case version of this  
if not region_table[region] then  
return code, script, nil, nil, nil, substitute (cfg.get_ietf_parts_t.unrecog_reg_code, {region, code});  
end  
end  

if is_set (variant) then  
if is_set (args_variant) then  
return code, nil, nil, nil, nil, cfg.get_ietf_parts_t.redundant_var; -- both code with variant and |variant= not allowed  
end  
else  
variant = args_variant or ''; -- use args.variant if provided  
end  

if is_set (variant) then  
variant = variant:lower; -- ensure that we use and return lower case version of this  
if not variant_table[variant] then -- make sure variant is valid  
return code, script, region, nil, nil, substitute (cfg.get_ietf_parts_t.unrecog_var, {variant});  
end -- does this duplicate/replace tests in lang and lang_xx?  
if is_set (script) then -- if script set it must be part of the 'prefix'  
if not in_array (table.concat ({code, '-', script}), variant_table[variant]['prefixes']) then  
return code, script, region, nil, nil, substitute (cfg.get_ietf_parts_t.unrecog_var_code_scr, {variant, code, script});  
end  
elseif is_set (region) then -- if region set, there are some prefixes that require lang code and region (en-CA-newfound)  
if not in_array (code, variant_table[variant]['prefixes']) then -- first see if lang code is all that's required (en-oxendict though en-GB-oxendict is preferred)  
if not in_array (table.concat ({code, '-', region}), variant_table[variant]['prefixes']) then -- now try for lang code and region (en-CA-newfound)  
return code, script, region, nil, nil, substitute (cfg.get_ietf_parts_t.unrecog_var_code_reg, {variant, code, region});  
end  
end  
else -- cheap way to determine if there are prefixes; fonipa and others don't have prefixes; # operator always returns 0  
if variant_table[variant]['prefixes'][1] and not in_array (code, variant_table[variant]['prefixes']) then  
return code, script, region, nil, nil, substitute (cfg.get_ietf_parts_t.unrecog_var_code, {variant, code});  
end  
end  
end  

if is_set (private) then  
private = private:lower; -- ensure that we use and return lower case version of this  
if not override_table[table.concat ({code, '-x-', private})] then -- make sure private tag is valid; note that index  
return code, script, region, nil, nil, substitute (cfg.get_ietf_parts_t.unrecog_pri, {private});  
end  
end  
return code, script, region, variant, private, nil; -- return the good bits; make sure that msg is nil  
end  

--[=[-------------------------< M A K E _ W I K I L I N K >----------------------------------------------------  

Makes a wikilink; when both link and display text is provided, returns a wikilink in the form D; if only  
link is provided, returns a wikilink in the form L; if neither are provided or link is omitted, returns an  
empty string.  

]=]  

local function make_wikilink (link, display)  
if is_set (link) then  
if is_set (display) then  
return table.concat ({*, display, *});  
else  
return table.concat ({*, link, *});  
end  
else  
return '';  
end  
end  

----------------------------< D I V _ M A R K U P _ A D D >--------------------------------------------------  

Adds <i> and </i> tags to list-item text or to implied <p>..</p> text. Mixed not supported.  

local function div_markup_add (text, style)  
if text:find ('^\n[%*:;#]') then -- look for list markup; list markup must begin at start of text  
if 'italic' == style then  
return text:gsub ('(\n[%*:;#]+)([^\n]+)', '%1<i>%2</i>'); -- insert italic markup at each list item  
else  
return text;  
end  
end  

if text:find ('\n+') then -- look for any number of \n characters in text  
text = text:gsub ('([^\n])\n([^\n])', '%1 %2'); -- replace single newline characters with a space character which mimics mediawiki  

if 'italic' == style then  
text = text:gsub('[^\n]+', '<p><i>%1</i></p>'); -- insert p and italic markup tags at each impled p (two or more consecutive '\n\n' sequences)  
else  
text = text:gsub ('[^\n]+', '<p>%1</p>'); -- insert p markup at each impled p  
text = text:gsub ('\n', ''); -- strip newline characters  
end  
end  

return text;  
end  

----------------------------< T I T L E _ W R A P P E R _ M A K E >------------------------------------------  

Makes a <span title="<title text>"><content_text></span> or <div title="<title text>"><content_text></div> where  
<title text> is in the tool-tip in the wiki's local language and <content_text> is non-local-language text in  
html markup. This because the lang= attibute applies to the content of its enclosing tag.  

<tag> holds a string 'div' or 'span' used to choose the correct wrapping tag.  

local function title_wrapper_make (title_text, content_text, tag)  
local wrapper_t = {};  

table.insert (wrapper_t, table.concat ({'<', tag})); -- open opening wrapper tag  
table.insert (wrapper_t, ' title=\"'); -- begin title attribute  
table.insert (wrapper_t, title_text); -- add <title_text>  
table.insert (wrapper_t, '\">'); -- end title attribute and close opening wrapper tag  
table.insert (wrapper_t, content_text); -- add <content_text>  
table.insert (wrapper_t, table.concat ({'</', tag, '>'})); -- add closing wrapper tag  

return table.concat (wrapper_t); -- make a big string and done  
end  

----------------------------< M A K E _ T E X T _ H T M L >--------------------------------------------------  

Add the html markup to text according to the type of content that it is: <span> or <i> tags for inline content or  
<div> tags for block content  

The lang= attribute also applies to the content of the tag where it is placed so this is wrong because 'Spanish  
language text' is English:  
<i lang="es" title="Spanish language text">casa</i>  
should be:  
<span title="Spanish language text"><i lang="es">casa</i></span>  
or for <div>...</div>:  
<div title="Spanish language text"><div lang="es"><spanish-language-text></div></div>  

local function make_text_html (code, text, tag, rtl, style, size, language)  
local html_t = {};  
local style_added = '';  
local wrapper_tag = tag; -- <tag> gets modified so save a copy for use when/if we create a wrapper span or div  

if text:match ('^%*') then  
table.insert (html_t, '&#42;'); -- move proto language text prefix outside of italic markup if any; use numeric entity because plain splat confuses MediaWiki  
text = text:gsub ('^%*', ''); -- remove the splat from the text  
end  

if 'span' == tag then -- default html tag for inline content  
if 'italic' == style then -- but if italic  
tag = 'i'; -- change to <i> tags  
end  
else -- must be div so go  
text = div_markup_add (text, style); -- handle implied <p>, implied <p> with <i>, and list markup (*;:#) with <i>  
end  

table.insert (html_t, table.concat ({'<', tag})); -- open the <i>, <span>, or <div> html tag  
code = code:gsub ('%-x%-.*', ''); -- strip private use subtag from code tag because meaningless outside of wikipedia  
table.insert (html_t, table.concat ({' lang="', code, '\"'})); -- add language attribute  

if (rtl or unicode.is_rtl(text)) and ('ltr' == this_wiki_lang_dir) then -- text is -to- on a -to- wiki  
table.insert (html_t, ' dir="rtl"'); -- add direction attribute for -to- languages  
elseif not (rtl or unicode.is_rtl(text)) and ('rtl' == this_wiki_lang_dir) then -- text is -to- on a -to- wiki  
table.insert (html_t, ' dir="ltr"'); -- add direction attribute for -to- languages  
end  

if 'normal' == style then -- when |italic=no  
table.insert (html_t, ' style=\"font-style: normal;'); -- override external markup, if any  
style_added = '\"'; -- remember that style attribute added and is not yet closed  
end  

if is_set (size) then -- when |size=<something>  
if is_set (style_added) then  
table.insert (html_t, table.concat ({' font-size: ', size, ';'})); -- add when style attribute already inserted  
else  
table.insert (html_t, table.concat ({' style=\"font-size: ', size, ';'})); -- create style attribute  
style_added = '\"'; -- remember that style attribute added and is not yet closed  
end  
end  

table.insert (html_t, table.concat ({style_added, '>'})); -- close the opening html tag  
table.insert (html_t, text); -- insert the text  

table.insert (html_t, table.concat ({'</', tag, '>'})); -- close the 'text' <i>, <span>, or <div> html tag  

if is_set (language) then -- create a <title_text> string for the title= attribute in a wrapper span or div  
local title_text;  
if 'zxx' == code then -- special case for this tag 'no linguistic content'  
title_text = substitute ('$1 $2', {language, cfg.make_text_html_t.zxx}); -- not a language so don't use 'language' in title text  
elseif mw.ustring.find (language, 'languages', 1, true) then  
title_text = substitute ('$1 $2', {language, cfg.make_text_html_t.collective}); -- for collective languages  
else  
title_text = substitute ('$1-$2', {language, cfg.make_text_html_t.individual}); -- for individual languages  
end  

return title_wrapper_make (title_text, table.concat (html_t), wrapper_tag);  
else  
return table.concat (html_t);  
end  
end  

--[=[-------------------------< M A K E _ C A T E G O R Y >----------------------------------------------------  

For individual language, <language>, returns:  

For English:  

For ISO 639-2 collective languages (and for 639-1 bh):  

]=]  

local function make_category (code, language_name, nocat, name_get)  
if ((0 ~= namespace) or nocat) and not name_get then -- only categorize in article space  
return ''; -- return empty string for concatenation  
end  

if mw.ustring.find (language_name, 'languages', 1, true) then  
return substitute ('$1 $2', {cfg.make_category_t.collective_cat, language_name});  
end  

if this_wiki_lang_tag == code then  
return substitute ('$1 $2 $3-$4', { -- unique category name for the local language  
cfg.make_category_t.cat_prefix,  
cfg.make_category_t.explicit_cat,  
language_name,  
cfg.make_category_t.cat_postfix,  
});  
else  
return substitute ('$1 $2-$3', { -- category for individual languages  
cfg.make_category_t.cat_prefix,  
language_name,  
cfg.make_category_t.cat_postfix,  
});  
end  
end  

--script= is not used in for this purpose; instead it uses |code. Because language scripts  
are listed in the switches they are included in the data tables. The script parameter is introduced  
at . If |script= is set, this function uses it in preference to code.  

To avoid confusion, in this module and the templates that use it, the transliteration script parameter is renamed  
to be |translit-script= (in this function, tscript).  

This function is used by both lang_xx and transl  
lang_xx always provides code, language_name, and translit; may provide tscript; never provides style  
transl always provides language_name, translit, and one of code or tscript, never both; always provides style  

For , style only applies when a language code is provided.  

local function make_translit (code, language_name, translit, std, tscript, style, engvar)  
local title_t = lang_data.translit_title_table; -- table of transliteration standards and the language codes and scripts that apply to those standards  
local title_text = ''; -- tool tip text for title= attribute  

std = std and std:lower; -- lower case for table indexing  

if not is_set (std) and not is_set (tscript) then -- when neither standard nor script specified  
title_text = language_name; -- write a generic tool tip  
if not mw.ustring.find (language_name, 'languages', 1, true) then -- collective language names (plural 'languages' is part of the name)  
title_text = substitute ('$1-$2', {title_text, cfg.misc_text_t.language}); -- skip this text (individual and macro languages only)  
end  
title_text = substitute ('$1 $2', {title_text, mw.ustring.lower (cfg.engvar_t[engvar]['romanisz_lc'])}); -- finish the tool tip; use romanization when neither script nor standard supplied  

elseif is_set (std) and is_set (tscript) then -- when both are specified  
if title_t[std] then -- and if standard is legitimate  
if title_t[std][tscript] then -- and if script for that standard is legitimate  
if script_table[tscript] then  
title_text = substitute ('$1$2 ($3 $4) $5', { -- add the appropriate text to the tool tip  
title_text,  
title_t[std][tscript:lower],  
script_table[tscript],  
cfg.make_translit_t.script,  
cfg.make_translit_t.transliteration,  
});  
else  
title_text = title_text .. title_t[std]['default']; -- use the default if script not in std table; TODO: maint cat? error message because script not found for this standard?  
end  
else  
title_text = title_text .. title_t[std]['default']; -- use the default if script not in std table; TODO: maint cat? error message because script not found for this standard?  
end  
else  
return ''; -- invalid standard, setup for error message  
end  

elseif is_set (std) then -- translit-script not set, use language code  
if not title_t[std] then return ''; end -- invalid standard, setup for error message  

if title_t[std][code] then -- if language code is in the table (transl may not provide a language code)  
title_text = substitute ('$1$2 ($3 $4) $5', { -- add the appropriate text to the tool tip  
title_text,  
title_t[std][code:lower],  
language_name,  
cfg.misc_text_t.language,  
cfg.make_translit_t.transliteration,  
});  
else -- code doesn't match  
title_text = title_text .. title_t[std]['default']; -- so use the standard's default  
end  

else -- here if translit-script set but translit-std not set  
if title_t['no_std'][tscript] then  
title_text = title_text .. title_t['no_std'][tscript]; -- use translit-script if set  
elseif title_t['no_std'][code] then  
title_text = title_text .. title_t['no_std'][code]; -- use language code  
else  
if is_set (tscript) then  
title_text = substitute ('$1$2-$3 $4', { -- write a script tool tip  
title_text,  
language_name,  
cfg.make_translit_t.script,  
cfg.make_translit_t.transliteration,  
});  

elseif is_set (code) then  
if not mw.ustring.find (language_name, 'languages', 1, true) then -- collective language names (plural 'languages' is part of the name)  
title_text = substitute ('$1-$2', { -- skip this text (individual and macro languages only)  
title_text,  
cfg.misc_text_t.language,  
});  
end  
title_text = substitute ('$1 $2', { -- finish the tool tip  
title_text,  
cfg.make_translit_t.transliteration,  
});  
else  
title_text = substitute ('$1 $2', { -- generic tool tip (can we ever get here?)  
title_text,  
cfg.make_translit_t.transliteration,  
});  
end  
end  
end  

local tag  
if is_set (code) then -- when a language code is provided (always with templates, not always with )  
code = code:match ('^(%a%a%a?)'); -- strip all subtags leaving only the language subtag  
if not style then -- nil for the default italic style  
tag = '<i lang="%s-Latn">%s</i>'  
else  
tag = '<span lang="%s-Latn">%s</span>' -- non-standard style, construct a span tag for it  
tag = string.format(tag, style, "%s", "%s")  
end  
tag = string.format(tag, code, "%s")  
else  
tag = '<span>%s</span>' -- when no language code: no lang= attribute, not italic ( only)  
end  

tag = string.format(tag, translit) -- add the translit text  
if '' == title_text then -- when there is no need for a tool-tip  
return tag; -- done  
else  
title_text = cfg.engvar_sel_t.gb == engvar and title_text:gsub ('([Rr]omani)z', '%1s') or title_text; -- gb eng when engvar specifies gb eng; us eng else  
return title_wrapper_make (title_text, tag, 'span'); -- wrap with a tool-tip span and done  
end  
end  

--italic= template parameter so italic markup should never appear in args.text  
either as *itself* or as ***bold italic*** unless |italic=unset or |italic=invert.  

local function validate_text (template, args)  
if not is_set (args.text) then  
return make_error_msg (cfg.validate_text_t.no_text, args, template);  
end  

if args.text:find ("%f[\']\'\'\'\'%f[^\']") or args.text:find ("\'\'\'\'\'[\']+") then -- because we're looking, look for 4 appostrophes or 6+ appostrophes  
return make_error_msg (cfg.validate_text_t.malformed_markup, args, template);  
end  

local style = args.italic;  

if (cfg.keywords_t.unset ~= style) and (cfg.keywords_t.invert ~=style) then  
if args.text:find ("%f[\']\'\'%f[^\']") or args.text:find ("%f[\']\'\'\'\'\'%f[^\']") then -- italic but not bold, or bold italic  
return make_error_msg (cfg.validate_text_t.italic_markup, args, template);  
end  
end  
end  

----------------------------< R E N D E R _ M A I N T >------------------------------------------------------  

Render mainenance messages and categories.  

local function render_maint (nocat)  
local maint = {};  

if 0 < #maint_msgs then -- when there are maintenance messages  
table.insert (maint, table.concat ({'<span>'})); -- opening <span> tag  
for _, msg in ipairs (maint_msgs) do  
table.insert (maint, table.concat ({msg, ' '})); -- add message strings  
end  
table.insert (maint, '</span>'); -- close the span  
end  

if (0 < #maint_cats) and (0 == namespace) and not nocat then -- when there are maintenance categories; article namespace only  
for _, cat in ipairs (maint_cats) do  
table.insert (maint, table.concat ({''})); -- format and add the categories  
end  
end  

return table.concat (maint);  
end  

----------------------------< P R O T O _ P R E F I X >------------------------------------------------------  

For proto languages, text is prefixed with a splat. We do that here as a flag for make_text_html so that a splat  
will be rendered outside of italic markup (if used). If the first character in text here is already a splat, we  
do nothing.  

proto_param is boolean or nil; true adds splat prefix regardless of language name; false removes and inhibits  
regardless of language name; nil does nothing; presumes that the value in text is correct but removes extra splac.  

local function proto_prefix (text, language_name, proto_param)  
if false == proto_param then -- when forced by |proto=no  
return text:gsub ('^%**', ''); -- return text without splat prefix regardless of language name or existing splat prefix in text  
elseif (language_name:find ('^Proto%-') or (true == proto_param)) then -- language is a proto or forced by |proto=yes  
return text:gsub ('^%**', '*'); -- prefix proto-language text with a splat; also removes duplicate prefixing splats  
end  

return text:gsub ('^%*+', '*'); -- return text unmolested except multiple splats reduced to one splat  
end  

----------------------------< H A S _ P O E M _ T A G >------------------------------------------------------  

Looks for a poem strip marker in text; returns true when found; false else.  

Auto-italic detection disabled when text has poem stripmarker because it is not possible for this code to know  
the content that will replace the stripmarker.  

local function has_poem_tag (text)  
return text:find ('\127[^\127]*UNIQ%-%-poem%-[%a%d]+%-QINU[^\127]*\127') and true or false;  
end  

----------------------------< H T M L _ T A G _ S E L E C T >------------------------------------------------  

Inspects content of and selectively trims text. Returns text and the name of an appropriate html tag for text.  

If text contains:  
\n\n text has implied <p>..</p> tags - trim leading and trailing whitespace and return  
If text begins with list markup:  
\n* unordered  
\n; definition  
\n: definition  
\n# ordered  
trim all leading whitespace except \n and trim all trailing whitespace  

If text contains <poem>...</poem> stripmarker, return text unmodified and choose <div>..</div> tags because  
the stripmarker is replaced with text wrapped in <div>..</div> tags.  

If the text contains any actual <div>...</div> tags, then it's again returned unmodified and <div>...</div>  
tags are used to wrap it, to prevent div/span inversion.  

local function html_tag_select (text)  
local tag;  

if has_poem_tag (text) then -- contains poem stripmarker (we can't know the content of that)  
tag = 'div'; -- poem replacement is in div tags so lang must use div tags  
elseif text:find ('<div') then -- reductive; if the text contains a div tag, we must use div tags  
tag = 'div';  
elseif mw.text.trim (text):find ('\n\n+') then -- contains implied p tags  
text = mw.text.trim (text); -- trim leading and trailing whitespace characters  
tag = 'div'; -- must be div because span may not contain p tags (added later by MediaWiki); poem replacement is in div tags  
elseif text:find ('\n[%*:;%#]') then -- if text has list markup  
text = text:gsub ('^[\t\r\f ]*', *):gsub ('%s*$', *); -- trim all whitespace except leading newline character '\n'  
tag = 'div'; -- must be div because span may not contain ul, dd, dl, ol tags (added later by MediaWiki)  
else  
text = mw.text.trim (text); -- plain text  
tag = 'span'; -- so span is fine  
end  

return text, tag;  
end  

--proto=; permitted values are yes and no; yes returns as true, no returns as false,  
empty string (or parameter omitted) returns as nil; any other value returns nil with <proto_param> as second  
return value for use in error message.  

local function validate_proto (proto_param)  
if cfg.keywords_t.affirmative == proto_param then  
return true;  
elseif cfg.keywords_t.negative == proto_param then  
return false;  
elseif is_set (proto_param) then  
return nil, proto_param; -- |proto= something other than 'yes' or 'no'  
else  
return nil; -- missing or empty  
end  
end  

----------------------------< L A N G U A G E _ N A M E _ G E T >--------------------------------------------  

Common function to return language name from the data set according to IETF tag.  

Returns language name if found in data tables; nil else.  

local function language_name_get (ietf, code, cat)  
ietf = ietf:lower; -- ietf:lower because format_ietf_tag returns mixed case  

local name; -- remains nil if not found  

if override_table[ietf] then -- look for whole IETF tag in override table  
name = override_table[ietf];  
elseif override_table[code] then -- not there so try basic language tag  
name = override_table[code];  
elseif lang_table[code] then -- shift to iana active tag/name table  
name = lang_table[code];  
elseif lang_dep_table[code] then -- try the iana deprecated tag/name table  
name = lang_dep_table[code];  
end  

if lang_dep_table[code] and cat then -- because deprecated code may have been overridden to en.wiki preferred name  
table.insert (maint_cats, substitute (cfg.language_name_get_t.deprecated_cat, {code}));  
table.insert (maint_msgs, substitute (cfg.language_name_get_t.deprecated_msg, {code}));  
end  

return name; -- name from data tables or nil  
end  

----------------------------< T E X T _ S C R I P T _ M A T C H _ T E S T >----------------------------------  

IETF script subtag should match the script of the <text>. This module does not attempt to know all scripts and  
what they look like. It does know what Latn script looks like so when <text> is written using other than the Latn  
script, the IETF script subtag, if present, should not be Latn.  

Conversely, when <text> is written using the Latn script, the IETF script subtag, if present, should be Latn.  

For the purposes of this test, Latf (Fraktur) and Latg (Gaelic) are considered to be equivalent to Latn because  
unicode treats these two scripts as font-specific variants of Latn.  

Returns an error message when mismatch detected; nil else.  

local function text_script_match_test (script, is_latn_text, pos, char)  
local scripts_t = {['latf'] = true, ['latg'] = true, ['latn'] = true}; -- unicode 'latn' scripts; 'latf' and 'latg' are font variants so there are no Fraktur or Gaelic codepoints  
if is_set (script) then -- don't bother with the rest of this if <script> is nil or empty string  
script = script:lower; -- lower case to index into <scripts_t>  
if is_latn_text then -- when text is wholly Latn script  
if not scripts_t[script] then -- but a non-Latn script is specified  
return cfg.text_script_match_test_t.latn_txt_mismatch; -- emit an error message  
end  
else -- when text is not wholly Latn script  
if scripts_t[script] then -- but a Latn script is specified  
return substitute (cfg.text_script_match_test_t.latn_scr_mismatch, {pos, char}); -- emit an error message with position of first offending character  
end  
end  
end  
end  

----------------------------< B I N A R Y _ S E A R C H >---------------------------------------------------  

conducts a binary search of <ranges_t> for a sub-range that holds <target>.  

returns boolean true if a sub-range holding <target> is found; boolean false else.  

local function binary_search (target, ranges_t)  
local idx_bot = 1; -- initialize to index of first key  
local idx_top = sizeof_ranges_t; -- initialize to index of last key (number of keys)  

if (target < ranges_t[idx_bot][1]) or (target > ranges_t[idx_top][2]) then -- invalid; target out of range  
return; -- abandon  
end  

local idx_mid; -- calculated index of range midway between top index and bottom index  
local flag = false; -- flag to tell us when we've evaluated last (highest) range in <ranges_t>  

while 1 do  
idx_mid = math.ceil ((idx_bot + idx_top) / 2); -- get the mid-point in the <ranges_t> sequence  
if (target >= ranges_t[idx_mid][1]) and (target <= ranges_t[idx_mid][2]) then -- indexed range low value <= target <= indexed range high value  
return true; -- we found the range that holds the <target> character; return true  

elseif (target > ranges_t[idx_mid][2]) then -- is <target> > indexed range high value?  
idx_bot = idx_mid; -- adjust <idx_bot> up  

else -- here when <target> less than indexed range low value  
idx_top = idx_mid - 1; -- adjust <idx_top> down  
end  

if flag then  
break; -- here when we just evaluated the last range and <target> not found  
end  

if not flag and (idx_bot == idx_top) then -- set true just before we evaluate the last (highest) range in <ranges_t>  
flag = true;  
end  
end  
end  

--italic=yes)  

local function is_latin (text, tag)  
local count;  
text, count = text:gsub ('^%(%((.+)%)%)$', '%1'); -- remove accept-as-written markup if present  
if 0 ~= count then  
return true, text; -- markup present so assume that <text> is Latn-script  
end  

local pos = 0; -- position counter for error messaging  
for codepoint in mw.ustring.gcodepoint (text) do -- fetch each code point  
pos = pos + 1; -- bump the position counter  

if not is_latn_data.singles_t[codepoint] and -- codepoint not found in the singles list?  
not binary_search (codepoint, is_latn_data.ranges_t) and -- codepoint not a member of a listed range?  
not (tag and is_latn_data.specials_t[codepoint] and is_latn_data.specials_t[codepoint][tag]) then -- not a language-specific codepoint?  
return false, text, pos, mw.ustring.char (codepoint); -- codepoint not known; return false with codepoint position and character representation  
end  
end  
return true, text; -- is known; return <text>  
end  

----------------------------< _ L A N G >--------------------------------------------------------------------  

Entry point for .  

There should be no reason to set parameters in the  
<includeonly></includeonly>  

Parameters are received from the template's (parent ).  

local function _lang (args)  
local out = {};  
local language_name; -- used to make category names  
local category_name; -- same as language_name except that it retains any parenthetical disambiguators (if any) from the data set  
local subtags = {}; -- IETF subtags script, region, variant, and private  
local code; -- the language code  
local msg; -- for error messages  
local tag = 'span'; -- initial value for make_text_html  
local template = args.template or cfg.templates_t.lang;  

maint_cats = {}; -- initialize because when this module required into another module, these only declared once so only initialzed once  
maint_msgs = {};  

validate_cat_args (args); -- determine if categorization should be suppressed  

if args[1] and args.code then  
return make_error_msg (substitute (cfg.lang_t.conflict_n_param, {'1', cfg.lang_t.conflict_n_param_types.code}), args, template);  
else  
args.code = args[1] or args.code; -- prefer args.code  
end  

if args[2] and args.text then  
return make_error_msg (substitute (cfg.lang_t.conflict_n_param, {'2', cfg.lang_t.conflict_n_param_types.text}), args, template);  
else  
args.text = args[2] or args.text; -- prefer args.text  
end  

msg = validate_text (template, args); -- ensure that |text= is set  
if is_set (msg) then -- msg is an already-formatted error message  
return msg;  
end  

args.text, tag = html_tag_select (args.text); -- inspects text; returns appropriate html tag with text trimmed accordingly  

args.rtl = args.rtl == cfg.keywords_t.affirmative; -- convert to boolean: 'yes' -> true, other values -> false  

args.proto, msg = validate_proto (args.proto); -- return boolean, or nil, or nil and error message flag  
if msg then  
return make_error_msg (substitute (cfg.lang_t.invalid_proto, {msg}), args, template);  
end  

code, subtags.script, subtags.region, subtags.variant, subtags.private, msg = get_ietf_parts (args.code); -- |script=, |region=, |variant= not supported because they should be part of args.code (} in )  

if msg then  
return make_error_msg (msg, args, template);  
end  

local is_latn_text, pos, char;  
is_latn_text, args.text, pos, char= is_latin (args.text, code); -- make a boolean  

msg = text_script_match_test (subtags.script, is_latn_text, pos, char)  
if msg then -- if an error detected then there is an error message  
return make_error_msg (msg, args, template);  
end  

args.italic, msg = validate_italic (args);  
if msg then  
return make_error_msg (msg, args, template);  
end  

if nil == args.italic then -- nil when |italic= absent or not set or |italic=default; args.italic controls  
if ('latn' == subtags.script) or -- script is latn  
(this_wiki_lang_tag ~= code and not is_set (subtags.script) and not has_poem_tag (args.text) and is_latn_text) then -- text not this wiki's language, no script specified and not in poem markup but is wholly latn script (auto-italics)  
args.italic = 'italic'; -- DEFAULT for templates is upright; but if latn script set for font-style:italic  
else  
args.italic = 'inherit'; -- italic not set; script not latn; inherit current style  
end  
end  

if is_set (subtags.script) then -- if script set, override rtl setting  
if in_array (subtags.script, lang_data.rtl_scripts) then  
args.rtl = true; -- script is an rtl script  
else  
args.rtl = false; -- script is not an rtl script  
end  
end  

args.code = format_ietf_tag (code, subtags.script, subtags.region, subtags.variant, subtags.private); -- format to recommended subtag styles  
language_name = language_name_get (args.code, code, true); -- get language name; try ietf tag first, then code w/o variant then code w/ variant  

if cfg.keywords_t.invert == args.italic and 'span' == tag then -- invert only supported for in-line content  
args.text = invert_italics (args.text)  
end  

args.text = proto_prefix (args.text, language_name, args.proto); -- prefix proto-language text with a splat  

table.insert (out, make_text_html (args.code, args.text, tag, args.rtl, args.italic, args.size, language_name));  
table.insert (out, make_category (code, language_name, args.nocat));  
table.insert (out, render_maint (args.nocat)); -- maintenance messages and categories  

return table.concat (out); -- put it all together and done  
end  

----------------------------< L A N G >----------------------------------------------------------------------  

Entry point for .  

There should be no reason to set parameters in the  
<includeonly></includeonly>  

Parameters are received from the template's (parent ).  

local function lang  
local args_t = getArgs (, { -- this code so that we can detect and handle wiki list markup in text  
valueFunc = function (key, value)  
if 2 == key or 'text' == key then -- the 'text' parameter; do not trim wite space  
return value; -- return untrimmed 'text'  
elseif value then -- all other values: if the value is not nil  
value = mw.text.trim (value); -- trim whitespace  
if '' ~= value then -- empty string when value was only whitespace  
return value;  
end  
end  
return nil; -- value was empty or contained only whitespace  
end -- end of valueFunc  
});  

args_t.fn = nil; -- unset because not supported but this function might have been called by  

local msg = parameter_validate (args_t, cfg.templates_t.lang); -- verify that all supplied parameters are supported by  
if msg then  
return make_error_msg (msg, args_t, cfg.templates_t.lang); -- when template has unsupported params, abandon with error message  
end  

return _lang (args_t);  
end  

----------------------------< T R A N S L A T I O N _ M A K E >----------------------------------------------  

Stand-alone function to create literal translation of main text.  

Also used by .  

local function translation_make (args_t)  
local translation_t = {', '}; -- initialize output  

if '' ~= args_t.label then -- if we want a label  
table.insert (translation_t, '<small>'); -- open the <small> html tag  
if cfg.keywords_t.negative == args_t.link then  
table.insert (translation_t, substitute ('<abbr title="$1">$2</abbr>', {cfg.translation_make_t.lit_xlation, cfg.translation_make_t.lit_abbr})); -- unlinked form  
else  
table.insert (translation_t, make_wikilink (cfg.translation_make_t.lit_xlation, cfg.translation_make_t.lit_abbr)); -- linked form  
end  
table.insert (translation_t, "&thinsp;</small>"); -- close the <small> html tag  
end  
table.insert (translation_t, table.concat ({'&#39;', args_t.translation, '&#39;'})); -- use html entities to avoid wiki markup confusion  
return table.concat (translation_t); -- make a big string and done  
end  

--script= as well.  

For each template choose the appropriate entry-point function so that this function knows the default  
styling that should be applied to text.  

For normal, upright style:  
<includeonly></includeonly>  
For italic style:  
<includeonly></includeonly>  

All other parameters should be received from the template's (parent )  

Supported parameters are:  
|code = (required) the IANA language code  
|script = IANA script code; especially for use with languages that use multiple writing systems  
|region = IANA region code  
|variant = IANA variant code  
|text = (required) the displayed text in language specified by code  
|link = boolean false ('no') does not link code-spcified language name to associated language article  
|rtl = boolean true ('yes') identifies the language specified by code as a -to- language  
|nocat = boolean true ('yes') inhibits normal categorization; error categories are not affected  
|cat = boolian false ('no') opposite form of |nocat=  
|italic = boolean true ('yes') renders displayed text in italic font; boolean false ('no') renders displayed text in normal font; not set renders according to initial_style_state  
|lit = text that is a literal translation of text  
|label = '' to suppress all labeling (language name, 'translit.', 'lit.')  
any other text replaces language-name label - automatic wikilinking disabled  

for those templates that support transliteration (those templates where |text= is not entirely latn script):  
|translit = text that is a transliteration of text  
|translit-std = the standard that applies to the transliteration  
|translit-script = ISO 15924 script name; falls back to code  

For , the positional parameters are:  
} text  
} transliterated text  
} literal translation text  
no other positional parameters are allowed  

local function _lang_xx (args, base_template) -- base_template will be either of 'Langx' or 'Lang-xx'  
local out = {};  
local language_name; -- used to make display text, article links  
local category_name; -- same as language_name except that it retains any parenthetical disambiguators (if any) from the data set  
local subtags = {}; -- IETF subtags script, region, and variant  
local code; -- the language code  

local translit_script_name; -- name associated with IANA (ISO 15924) script code  
local translit;  
local msg; -- for error messages  
local tag = 'span'; -- initial value for make_text_html  
local template = args.template or base_template;  

maint_cats = {}; -- initialize because when this module required into another module, these only declared once so only initialzed once  
maint_msgs = {};  

local text_idx = (cfg.templates_t.langx == base_template) and 2 or 1; -- for 'text' positional parameter is '2'  
local translit_idx = (cfg.templates_t.langx == base_template) and 3 or 2;  
local xlate_idx = (cfg.templates_t.langx == base_template) and 4 or 3;  

if args[text_idx] and args.text then  
return make_error_msg (substitute (cfg.lang_t.conflict_n_param, {translit_idx, cfg.lang_t.conflict_n_param_types.text}), args, template);  
else  
args.text = args[text_idx] or args.text; -- prefer positional 'text' parameter  
end  

msg = validate_text (template, args); -- ensure that |text= is set, does not contain italic markup and is protected from improper bolding  
if is_set (msg) then  
return msg;  
end  

args.text, tag = html_tag_select (args.text); -- inspects text; returns appropriate html tag with text trimmed accordingly  

if args[translit_idx] and args.translit then  
return make_error_msg (substitute (cfg.lang_t.conflict_n_param, {translit_idx, cfg.lang_t.conflict_n_param_types.translit}), args, template);  

else  
args.translit = args[translit_idx] or args.translit -- prefer positional 'translit' parameter  
end  

args.engvar = cfg.engvar_sel_t[args.engvar] or cfg.default_engvar; -- |engvar= when valid; cfg.default_engvar else  

if args[xlate_idx] and (args.translation or args.lit) then  
return make_error_msg (substitute (cfg.lang_xx_t.conflict_n_lit, {translit_idx}), args, template);  
elseif args.translation and args.lit then  
return make_error_msg (cfg.lang_xx_t.conflict_lit, args, template);  
else  
args.translation = args[xlate_idx] or args.translation or args.lit; -- prefer positional 'translation' parameter  
end  

if args.links and args.link then  
return make_error_msg (cfg.lang_xx_t.conflict_link, args, template);  
else  
args.link = args.link or args.links; -- prefer args.link  
end  

validate_cat_args (args); -- determine if categorization should be suppressed  

args.rtl = args.rtl == cfg.keywords_t.affirmative; -- convert to boolean: 'yes' -> true, other values -> false  

code, subtags.script, subtags.region, subtags.variant, subtags.private, msg = get_ietf_parts (args.code, args.script, args.region, args.variant); -- private omitted because private  

if msg then -- if an error detected then there is an error message  
return make_error_msg (msg, args, template);  
end  

if args.translit then  
local latn, pos, char;  
latn, args.translit, pos, char = is_latin (args.translit, (('' ~= subtags.private) and (code .. '-x-' .. subtags.private)) or code);  
if not latn then  
return make_error_msg (substitute (cfg.lang_xx_t.translit_nonlatn, {pos, char}), args, template);  
end  
end  

local is_latn_text, text, pos, char = is_latin (args.text, code); -- make a boolean  
args.text = text; -- may have been modified (accept-as-written markup removed)  

msg = text_script_match_test (subtags.script, is_latn_text, pos, char)  
if msg then -- if an error detected then there is an error message  
return make_error_msg (msg, args, template);  
end  

args.italic, msg = validate_italic (args);  
if msg then  
return make_error_msg (msg, args, template);  
end  

if cfg.templates_t.langx == base_template then -- auto-italics for templates; adapted from (no support for poem tag)  
if nil == args.italic then -- nil when |italic= absent or not set or |italic=default; args.italic controls  
if ('latn' == subtags.script) or -- script is latn  
(this_wiki_lang_tag ~= code and not is_set (subtags.script) and is_latn_text) then -- text is not this wiki's language, no script specified and is wholly latn script (auto-italics)  
args.italic = 'italic'; -- set font-style:italic  
else  
args.italic = 'inherit'; -- italic not set; script not latn; inherit current style  
end  
end  

else -- does not do auto italics; retained for those wikis that don't support  
if nil == args.italic then -- args.italic controls  
if is_set (subtags.script) then  
if 'latn' == subtags.script then  
args.italic = 'italic'; -- |script=Latn; set for font-style:italic  
else  
args.italic = initial_style_state; -- italic not set; script is not latn; set for font-style:<initial_style_state>  
end  
else  
args.italic = initial_style_state; -- here when |italic= and |script= not set; set for font-style:<initial_style_state>  
end  
end  
end  

if is_set (subtags.script) then -- if script set override rtl setting  
if in_array (subtags.script, lang_data.rtl_scripts) then  
args.rtl = true; -- script is an rtl script  
else  
args.rtl = false; -- script is not an rtl script  
end  
end  

args.proto, msg = validate_proto (args.proto); -- return boolean, or nil, or nil and error message flag  
if msg then  
return make_error_msg (substitute (cfg.lang_t.invalid_proto, {args.proto}), args, template);  
end  

args.code = format_ietf_tag (code, subtags.script, subtags.region, subtags.variant, subtags.private); -- format to recommended subtag styles  
language_name = language_name_get (args.code, code, true); -- get language name; try ietf tag first, then code w/o variant then code w/ variant  

category_name = language_name; -- category names retain IANA parenthetical diambiguators (if any)  
language_name = language_name:gsub ('%s+%b', ''); -- remove IANA parenthetical disambiguators or qualifiers from names that have them  

if args.label then  
if '' ~= args.label then  
table.insert (out, table.concat ({args.label, ': '})); -- custom label  
end  
else  
if cfg.keywords_t.negative == args.link then  
table.insert (out, language_name); -- language name without wikilink  
else  
if mw.ustring.find (language_name, 'languages', 1, true) then  
table.insert (out, make_wikilink (language_name)); -- collective language name uses simple wikilink  
elseif lang_data.article_name[args.code:lower] then -- is ietf tag in article name over ride?  
table.insert (out, make_wikilink (lang_data.article_name[args.code:lower], language_name)); -- language name with wikilink from override data  
elseif lang_data.article_name[code] then -- is language tag in article override  
table.insert (out, make_wikilink (lang_data.article_name[code], language_name)); -- language name with wikilink from override data  
else  
table.insert (out, make_wikilink (substitute ('$1 $2', {language_name, cfg.misc_text_t.language}), language_name)); -- language name with wikilink  
end  
end  
table.insert (out, ': '); -- separator  
end  

if cfg.keywords_t.invert == args.italic then  
args.text = invert_italics (args.text)  
end  

args.text = proto_prefix (args.text, language_name, args.proto); -- prefix proto-language text with a splat  

table.insert (out, make_text_html (args.code, args.text, tag, args.rtl, args.italic, args.size, ('' == args.label) and language_name or nil))  

if is_set (args.translit) and not is_latn_text then -- transliteration; not supported when args.text is wholly latn text (this is an imperfect test)  
table.insert (out, ', '); -- comma to separate text from translit  
if '' ~= args.label then  
table.insert (out, '<small>');  
if script_table[args['translit-script']] then -- when |translit-script= is set, try to use the script's name  
translit_script_name = script_table[args['translit-script']];  
else  
translit_script_name = language_name; -- fall back on language name  
end  

local translit_title_obj = mw.title.makeTitle (0, substitute ('$1 $2',{cfg.lang_xx_t.romanization, translit_script_name})); -- make a title object; no engvar, article titles use US spelling  
if translit_title_obj.exists and (cfg.keywords_t.negative ~= args.link) then  
table.insert (out, make_wikilink (substitute ('$1 $2', {cfg.lang_xx_t.romanization, translit_script_name or language_name}),  
substitute ('$1', {cfg.engvar_t[args.engvar]['romanisz_pt']})) .. ':'); -- make a wikilink if there is an article to link to; engvar the display text  

else  
table.insert (out, substitute ('$1:', {cfg.engvar_t[args.engvar]['romanisz_pt']})); -- else plain text per engvar  

end  
table.insert (out, '&nbsp;</small>'); -- close the small tag  
end  

translit = make_translit (args.code, language_name, args.translit, args['translit-std'], args['translit-script'], nil, args.engvar)  
if is_set (translit) then  
table.insert (out, translit);  
else  
return make_error_msg (substitute ('$1: $2', {cfg.lang_xx_t.invalid_xlit_std, args['translit-std'] or '[missing]'}), args, template);  
end  

elseif is_set (args.translit) and is_latn_text then -- when creating a transliteration of Latn script <text>  
return make_error_msg (cfg.lang_xx_t.xlit_of_latn, args, template); -- emit error message and abandon  
end  

if is_set (args.translation) then -- translation (not supported in )  
table.insert (out, translation_make (args));  
end  

table.insert (out, make_category (code, category_name, args.nocat));  
table.insert (out, render_maint(args.nocat)); -- maintenance messages and categories  

return table.concat (out); -- put it all together and done  
end  

----------------------------< L A N G _ X X _ A R G S _ G E T >----------------------------------------------  

Common function to get args table from templates.  

Returns table of args.  

Text positional parameters are not trimmed here but are selectively trimmed at html_tag_select.  

local function lang_xx_args_get (, base_template)  
local args_t = getArgs(,  
{  
parentFirst= true, -- parameters in the template override parameters set in the  
valueFunc = function (key, value)  
if ((cfg.templates_t.langx == base_template) and 2 or 1) == key then -- the 'text' positional parameter; 1 for , 2 for ; do not trim wite space  
return value; -- return untrimmed 'text' positional parameter  
elseif value then -- all other values: if the value is not nil  
value = mw.text.trim (value); -- trim whitespace  
if '' ~= value then -- empty string when value was only whitespace  
return value;  
end  
end  
return nil; -- value was empty or contained only whitespace  
end -- end of valueFunc  
});  

return args_t;  
end  

----------------------------< L A N G _ X X _ I T A L I C >--------------------------------------------------  

Entry point for those templates that call lang_xx_italic. Sets the initial style state to italic.  

local function lang_xx_italic  
local args = lang_xx_args_get (, cfg.templates_t.langxx);  
args.fn = nil; -- unset because not supported but this function might have been called by  

local msg = parameter_validate (args, cfg.templates_t.langxx); -- verify that all supplied parameters are supported by  
if msg then  
return make_error_msg (msg, args, cfg.templates_t.langxx); -- when template has unsupported params, abandon with error message  
end  

initial_style_state = 'italic';  
return _lang_xx (args, cfg.templates_t.langxx) .. ''; -- temporary category  
end  

----------------------------< _ L A N G _ X X _ I T A L I C >------------------------------------------------  

Entry point from another module. Sets the initial style state to italic.  

local function _lang_xx_italic (args)  
initial_style_state = 'italic';  
return _lang_xx (args, cfg.templates_t.langxx);  
end  

----------------------------< L A N G _ X X _ I N H E R I T >------------------------------------------------  

Entry point for those templates that call lang_xx_inherit. Sets the initial style state to inherit.  

local function lang_xx_inherit  
local args = lang_xx_args_get (, cfg.templates_t.langxx);  
args.fn = nil; -- unset because not supported but this function might have been called by  

local msg = parameter_validate (args, cfg.templates_t.langxx); -- verify that all supplied parameters are supported by  
if msg then  
return make_error_msg (msg, args, cfg.templates_t.langxx); -- when template has unsupported params, abandon with error message  
end  

initial_style_state = 'inherit';  
return _lang_xx (args, cfg.templates_t.langxx) .. ''; -- temporary category  
end  

----------------------------< _ L A N G _ X X _ I N H E R I T >----------------------------------------------  

Entry point from another module. Sets the initial style state to inherit.  

local function _lang_xx_inherit (args)  
initial_style_state = 'inherit';  
return _lang_xx (args, cfg.templates_t.langxx);  
end  

----------------------------< _ L A N G X >------------------------------------------------------------------  

Entry point from another module.  

local function _langx (args_t)  
local langx_data = mw.loadData ('Module:Lang/langx'); -- get necessary data  
local rtl_t = langx_data.rtl_t; -- get list of language tags for languages that are rendered -to-  
local link_t = langx_data.link_t; -- get list of language tags for templates that set |link=<something>  
local size_t = langx_data.size_t; -- get list of language tags for templates that set |size=<something>  

local msg = parameter_validate (args_t, cfg.templates_t.langx);  
if msg then  
return make_error_msg (msg, args_t, cfg.templates_t.langx);  
end  

args_t.code = args_t[1] or args_t.code; -- get the language tag; must be } or |code=  
if not args_t.code then  
return make_error_msg (cfg.get_ietf_parts_t.missing_lang_tag, args_t, cfg.templates_t.langx);  
end  

args_t.rtl = args_t.rtl or (rtl_t[args_t.code] and cfg.keywords_t.affirmative); -- prefer |rtl= in template call, use rtl_t else  
args_t.link = args_t.link or link_t[args_t.code]; -- prefer |link= in template call, use link_t felse  
args_t.size = args_t.size or size_t[args_t.code]; -- prefer |size= in template call, use size_t else  

args_t[1] = nil; -- unset to mimic templates which set |code=xx  

local lang_subtag = args_t.code; -- use only the base language subtag for unsupported tag test; some args_t.code are modified by |script= etc  
return _lang_xx (args_t, cfg.templates_t.langx);  
end  

-- 1 | 2 | 3 | 4  

The calls to lang_xx_args_get and _lang_xx use 'Langx' as a flag for those functions to select the proper  
positional parameters.  

depends on the calling template to select 'inherit' or 'italic' to establish the default rendering.  

can't do that. The initial version of relied on a list of language tags (inherit_t in ~/langx)  
scraped from those templates that call lang_xx_inherit to render text in upright font. Langx now  
uses auto-italics code adapted from (doesn't support poem tags).  

local function langx  
local args_t = lang_xx_args_get (, cfg.templates_t.langx); -- get the arguments; 'Langx' is the <base_template> used to decide which positional param is 'text', 'translit', 'lit'  

return _langx (args_t);  
end  

----------------------------< _ I S _ I E T F _ T A G >------------------------------------------------------  

Returns true when a language name associated with IETF language tag exists; nil else. IETF language tag must be valid.  

All code combinations supported by and the templates are supported by this function.  

Module entry point from another module.  

local function _is_ietf_tag (tag) -- entry point when this module is required into another  
local c, s, r, v, p, err; -- code, script, region, variant, private, error message  
c, s, r, v, p, err = get_ietf_parts (tag); -- disassemble tag into constituent part and validate  

return ((c and not err) and true) or nil; -- return true when code portion has a value without error message; nil else  
end  

----------------------------< I S _ I E T F _ T A G >--------------------------------------------------------  

Module entry point from an .  

local function is_ietf_tag  
return _is_ietf_tag (getArgs [1]); -- args[1] is the ietf language tag to be tested; also get parent  
end  

----------------------------< I S _ I E T F _ T A G _ F R A M E >--------------------------------------------  

Module entry point from an ; same as is_ietf_tag except does not get parameters from the parent  
(template) . This function not useful when called by because <tag>  
is in the parent .  

local function is_ietf_tag_frame  
return _is_ietf_tag (getArgs (, {frameOnly = true,})[1]); -- args[1] is the ietf language tag to be tested; do not get parent  
end  

--link= parameter to yes to get wikilinked version of the language name.  

Module entry point from another module.  

local function _name_from_tag (args)  
local subtags = {}; -- IETF subtags script, region, variant, and private  
local raw_code = args[1]; -- save a copy of the input IETF subtag  
local link = cfg.keywords_t.affirmative == args['link']; -- make a boolean  
local label = args.label;  
local code; -- the language code  
local msg; -- gets an error message if IETF language tag is malformed or invalid  
local language_name = '';  

code, subtags.script, subtags.region, subtags.variant, subtags.private, msg = get_ietf_parts (raw_code);  
if msg then  
local template = (args['template'] and table.concat ({': '})) or ''; -- make template name (if provided by the template)  
return make_error_span (template, msg);  
end  

raw_code = format_ietf_tag (code, subtags.script, subtags.region, subtags.variant, subtags.private); -- format to recommended subtag styles; private omitted because private  
language_name = language_name_get (raw_code, code); -- get language name; try ietf tag first, then code w/o variant then code w/ variant  

if 'yes' ~= args.raw then  
language_name = language_name:gsub ('%s+%b', ''); -- remove IANA parenthetical disambiguators or qualifiers from names that have them  
end  

if link then -- when |link=yes, wikilink the language name  
if mw.ustring.find (language_name, 'languages', 1, true) then  
language_name = make_wikilink (language_name, label); -- collective language name uses simple wikilink  
elseif lang_data.article_name[raw_code:lower] then -- is ietf tag in article name override?  
language_name = make_wikilink (lang_data.article_name[raw_code:lower], label or language_name); -- language name with wikilink from override data  
elseif lang_data.article_name[code] then -- is language tag in article name override?  
language_name = make_wikilink (lang_data.article_name[code], label or language_name); -- language name with wikilink from override data  
else  
language_name = make_wikilink (substitute ('$1 $2', {language_name, cfg.misc_text_t.language}), label or language_name); -- language name with wikilink  
end  
end  

return language_name;  
end  

----------------------------< N A M E _ F R O M _ T A G >----------------------------------------------------  

Module entry point from an .  

local function name_from_tag -- entry point from an  
return _name_from_tag (getArgs) -- pass-on the args table, nothing else; getArgs so we also get parent  
end  

----------------------------< _ T A G _ F R O M _ N A M E >--------------------------------------------------  

Returns the ietf language tag associated with the language name. Spelling of language name must be correct  
according to the spelling in the source tables. When a standard language name has a parenthetical disambiguator,  
that disambiguator must be omitted (they are not present in the data name-to-tag tables).  

Module entry point from another module.  

local function _tag_from_name (args) -- entry point from another module  
local msg;  

if args[1] and '' ~= args[1] then  
local data = mw.loadData ('Module:Lang/tag from name'); -- get the reversed data tables TODO: change when going live  
local lang = args[1]:lower; -- allow any-case for the language name (speeling must till be correct)  
local tag = data.rev_override_table[lang] or data.rev_lang_table[lang] or data.rev_lang_dep_table[lang]; -- get the code; look first in the override then in the standard  

if tag then  
return tag, true; -- language name found so return tag and done; second return used by is_lang_name  
else  
msg = substitute (cfg.tag_from_name_t.lang_not_found, {args[1]}); -- language name not found, error message  
end  
else  
msg = cfg.tag_from_name_t.missing_lang_name; -- language name not found, error message  
end  

local template = '';  
if args.template and '' ~= args.template then  
template = table.concat ({': '}); -- make template name (if provided by the template)  
end  
return make_error_span (template, msg);  

end  

----------------------------< T A G _ F R O M _ N A M E >----------------------------------------------------  

Module entry point from an .  

local function tag_from_name -- entry point from an  
local result, _ = _tag_from_name (getArgs) -- pass-on the args table, nothing else; getArgs so we also get parent ; supress second return used by is_lang_name  
return result;  
end  

----------------------------< I S _ L A N G _ N A M E >------------------------------------------------------  

Module entry point from an .  

local function is_lang_name  
local _, result = _tag_from_name (getArgs) -- pass-on the args table, nothing else; getArgs so we also get parent ; supress second return used by tag_from_name  
return result and true or nil;  
end  

----------------------------< _ T R A N S L >----------------------------------------------------------------  

Module entry point from another module.  

local function _transl (args)  
local title_table = lang_data.translit_title_table; -- table of transliteration standards and the language codes and scripts that apply to those standards  
local language_name; -- language name that matches language code; used for tool tip  
local translit; -- transliterated text to display  
local script; -- IANA script  
local msg; -- for when called functions return an error message  
local template = args.template or cfg.templates_t.transliteration;  

maint_cats = {}; -- initialize because when this module required into another module, these only declared once so only initialzed once  
maint_msgs = {};  

if is_set (args[3]) then -- [3] set when  
args.text = args[3]; -- get the transliterated text  
args.translit_std = args[2] and args[2]:lower; -- get the standard; lower case for table indexing  

if not title_table[args.translit_std] then  
return make_error_msg (substitute (cfg.transl_t.unrecog_xlit_std, {args.translit_std}), args, template);  
end  
else  
if is_set (args[2]) then -- [2] set when  
args.text = args[2]; -- get the transliterated text  
else  
if args[1] and (args[1]:match ('^%a%a%a?%a?$') or -- args[2] missing; is args[1] a language or script tag or is it the transliterated text?  
args[1]:match ('^%a%a%a?%-x%-')) then -- or is args[1] a private-use tag  
return make_error_msg (cfg.transl_t.no_text, args, template); -- args[1] is a code so we're missing text  
else  
args.text = args[1]; -- args[1] is not a code so we're missing that; assign args.text for error message  
return make_error_msg (cfg.transl_t.missing_lang_scr, args, template);  
end  
end  
end  

if is_set (args[1]) then -- IANA language code used for html lang= attribute; or ISO 15924 script code  
if args[1]:match ('^%a%a%a?%a?$') or args[1]:match ('^%a%a%a?%-x%-') then -- args[1] has correct form?  
args.code = args[1]:lower; -- use the language/script code; only (2, 3, or 4 alpha characters) or private-use; lower case because table indexes are lower case  
else  
return make_error_msg (substitute (cfg.transl_t.unrecog_lang_scr, {args[1]}), args, template); -- invalid language / script code  
end  
else  
return make_error_msg (cfg.transl_t.missing_lang_scr, args, template); -- missing language / script code so quit  
end  

local is_latn_text, pos, char;  
is_latn_text, args.text, pos, char= is_latin (args.text, args.code); -- is latn text? strip accept-as-written markup  
if not is_latn_text then -- when text is not latn  
return make_error_msg (substitute (cfg.lang_xx_t.translit_nonlatn, {pos, char}), args, template); -- abandon with error message  
end  

args.italic, msg = validate_italic (args);  
if msg then  
return make_error_msg (msg, args, template);  
end  

if 'italic' == args.italic then -- 'italic' when |italic=yes; because that is same as absent or not set and |italic=default  
args.italic = nil; -- set to nil;  
end  

args.engvar = cfg.engvar_sel_t[args.engvar] or cfg.default_engvar; -- |engvar= when valid; cfg.default_engvar else  

if override_table[args.code] then -- is code a language code defined in the override table?  
language_name = override_table[args.code];  
args.code = args.code:match ('^%a%a%a?'); -- if private use, strip all but language subtag  
elseif lang_table[args.code] then -- is code a language code defined in the standard language code tables?  
language_name = lang_table[args.code];  
elseif lang_dep_table[args.code] then -- is code a language code defined in the deprecated language code tables?  
language_name = lang_dep_table[args.code];  
elseif script_table[args.code] then -- if here, code is not a language code; is it a script code?  
language_name = script_table[args.code];  
script = args.code; -- code was an ISO 15924 script so use that instead  
args.code = ''; -- unset because not a language code  
else  
return make_error_msg (substitute (cfg.transl_t.unrecog_lang_scr, {args.code}), args, template); -- invalid language / script code  
end  
-- here only when all parameters passed to make_translit are valid  
return make_translit (args.code, language_name, args.text, args.translit_std, script, args.italic, args.engvar);  
end  

----------------------------< T R A N S L >------------------------------------------------------------------  

Module entry point from an .  

local function transl  
return _transl (getArgs);  
end  

----------------------------< C A T E G O R Y _ F R O M _ T A G >--------------------------------------------  

Returns category name associated with IETF language tag if valid; error message else.  

All code combinations supported by and the templates are supported by this function.  

Module entry point from another module.  

local function _category_from_tag (args_t)  
local subtags = {}; -- IETF subtags script, region, variant, and private  
local raw_code = args_t[1]; -- save a copy of the input IETF subtag  
local link = cfg.keywords_t.affirmative == args_t.link; -- make a boolean  
local label = args_t.label;  
local code; -- the language code  
local msg; -- gets an error message if IETF language tag is malformed or invalid  
local category_name = '';  

code, subtags.script, subtags.region, subtags.variant, subtags.private, msg = get_ietf_parts (raw_code);  
if msg then  
local template = (args_t.template and table.concat ({': '})) or ''; -- make template name (if provided by the template)  
return make_error_span (template, msg);  
end  

raw_code = format_ietf_tag (code, subtags.script, subtags.region, subtags.variant, subtags.private); -- format to recommended subtag styles; private omitted because private  
category_name = language_name_get (raw_code, code); -- get language name; try ietf tag first, then code w/o variant then code w/ variant  
category_name = make_category (code, category_name, nil, true):gsub ('[%[%]]', '');  

if link then  
return table.concat ({':', category_name, ''});  
else  
return category_name;  
end  
end  

----------------------------< C A T E G O R Y _ F R O M _ T A G >--------------------------------------------  

Module entry point from an .  

local function category_from_tag -- entry point from an  
return _category_from_tag (getArgs ); -- pass-on the args table, nothing else; getArgs so we also get parent  
end  

----------------------------< E X P O R T E D F U N C T I O N S >------------------------------------------  

return {  
category_from_tag = category_from_tag,  
lang = lang, -- entry point for  
langx = langx, -- entry point for  
lang_xx_inherit = lang_xx_inherit, -- entry points for  
lang_xx_italic = lang_xx_italic,  
is_ietf_tag = is_ietf_tag,  
is_ietf_tag_frame = is_ietf_tag_frame,  
is_lang_name = is_lang_name,  
tag_from_name = tag_from_name, -- returns ietf tag associated with language name  
name_from_tag = name_from_tag, -- used for template documentation; possible use in ISO 639 name from code templates  
transl = transl, -- entry point for  

_category_from_tag = _category_from_tag, -- entry points when this module is required into other modules  
_lang = _lang,  
_langx = _langx,  
_lang_xx_inherit = _lang_xx_inherit,  
_lang_xx_italic = _lang_xx_italic,  
_is_ietf_tag = _is_ietf_tag,  
get_ietf_parts = get_ietf_parts,  
_tag_from_name = _tag_from_name,  
_name_from_tag = _name_from_tag,  
_transl = _transl,  
_translation_make = translation_make,  
};