# எர்ணஸ்ட் மாயர்


**எர்ணஸ்ட் வால்டெர் மாயர்** 20ஆம் நூற்றாண்டின் மிக முக்கியமான படிமலர்ச்சி உயிரியலாளர் ஆவார். மேலும் இவரது ஆராய்ச்சிகள் வகைப்பாட்டியல், பறவையியல், அறிவியல் வரலாறு, இயற்கையியல் என பரந்து விரிந்தது. இவரது படிமலர்ச்சியியல் ஆராய்ச்சிகள் "தற்கால படிமலர்ச்சியியல்" கோட்பாடுகளுக்கு வழிவகுத்து, பின் "உயிரியல் சிற்றின கோட்பாட்டு" வளர்ச்சிக்கு வழி வகுத்தது.  

"சிற்றினத் தோற்றம்" குறித்து புதிய பார்வையை உருவாக்கியவர்.  

நோபல் பரிசுக்கீடான சுவீடன் நாட்டு அரசுக் கல்விக்கழகத்தின் கிராஃபோர்டு பரிசு இவருக்கும், ஜான் மேநார்டு சுமித், ஜார்ஜ் சி. வில்லியம்சு ஆகியோருடன் இணைந்து (படிமலர்ச்சி உயிரியல் கருத்தை உருவாக்கல் பணிக்காக) வழங்கப்பட்டது.  
### எர்ணஸ்ட் மாயர் எழுதிய புத்தகங்கள்
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### எர்ணஸ்ட் மாயர் கண்டுபிடித்த புதிய பறவை சிற்றினங்கள் பற்றிய வெளியிடுகள்
- Zimmer, J. T. & E. Mayr (1943) New species of birds described from 1938 to 1941 *The Auk* Vol. 60 pp.&nbsp;249–262
- Mayr, E. (1957) New species of birds described from 1941 to 1955 *Journal for Ornithology* Vol. 98 pp.&nbsp;22–35
- Mayr, E. (1971) New species of birds described from 1956 to 1965 *Jour. f. Ornith.* Vol. 112 pp.&nbsp;302–316
- Mayr, E. & F. Vuilleumier (1983) New species of birds described from 1966 to 1975 *Jour. f. Ornith.* Vol. 124 pp.&nbsp;217–232
- Vuilleumier, F. & E. Mayr (1987) New species of birds described from 1976 to 1980 *Jour. f. Ornith.* Vol. 128 pp.&nbsp;137–150
- Vuilleumier, François, Mary LeCroy & Ernst Mayr (1992) New species of birds described from 1981 to 1990 *Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club* Vol. 112A pp.&nbsp;267–309

### எர்ணஸ்ட் மாயரின் பிற குறிப்பிடத்தக்க வெளியிடுகள்
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- 1923 "Der Zwergfliegenschnäpper bei Greifswald". *Ornithologische Monatsberichte* 31:136
- 1926 "Die Ausbreitung des Girlitz (*Serinus canaria serinus* L.) Ein Beitrag zur Tiergeographie". *J. fur Ornithologie* 74:571-671
- 1927 "Die Schneefinken (Gattungen *Montifringilla* und *Leucosticte*)" *J. für Ornithologie* 75:596-619
- 1929 with W Meise. *Zeitschriftenverzeichnis des Museums fur Naturkunde Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin* 14:1-187
- 1930 (by Ernst Hartert) "List of birds collected by Ernst Mayr". *Ornithologische Monatsberichte* 36:27-128
- 1930 "My Dutch New Guinea Expedition". 1928. *Ornithologische Monatsberichte* 36:20-26
- 1931 *Die Vogel des Saurwaged und Herzoggebirges (NO Neuginea) Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin* 17:639-723
- 1931 "Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. XII Notes on *Halcyon chloris* and some of its subspecies". *American Museum Novitates* no 469
- 1932 "A tenderfoot explorer in New Guinea" *Natural History* 32:83-97
- 1935 "Bernard Altum and the territory theory". *Proceedings of the Linnaean Society of New York* 45, 46:24-38
- 1940 "Speciation phenomena in birds". *American Naturalist* 74:249-278
- 1941 "Borders and subdivision of the Polynesian region as based on our knowledge of the distribution of birds". *Proceedings of the 6th Pacific Scientific Congress* 4:191-195
- 1941 "The origin and history of the bird fauna of Polynesia". *Proceedings of the 6th Pacific Scientific Congress* 4:197-216
- 1943 "A journey to the Solomons". *Natural History* 52:30-37,48
- 1944 "Wallace's Line in the light of recent zoogeographics studies". *Quarterly Review of Biology* 19:1-14
- 1944 "The birds of Timor and Sumba". *Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History* 83:123-194
- 1944 "Timor and the colonization of Australia by birds". *Emu* 44:113-130
- 1946 "History of the North American bird fauna" *Wilson Bulletin* 58:3-41
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- 1947 "Ecological factors in speciation". *Evolution* 1:263-288
- 1948 "The new Sanford Hall". *Natural History* 57:248-254
- 1950 *The role of the antennae in the mating behavior of female Drosophila*. Evolution 4:149-154
- 1951 *Introduction and Conclusion. Pages 85,255-258 in The problem of land connections across the South Atlantic with special reference to the Mesozoic*. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 99:79-258
- 1951 with Dean Amadon, "A classification of recent birds". *American Museum Novitates* no. 1496
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- 1954 "Changes in genetic environment and evolution". Pages 157-180 in *Evolution as a Process* (J Huxley, A C Hardy and E B Ford Eds) Allen and Unwin. London
- 1955 "Karl Jordan's contribution to current concepts in systematics and evolution". *Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London* 107:45-66
- 1956 with C B Rosen. "Geographic variation and hybridization in populations of Bahama snails (*Cerion*)". *American Museum Novitates* no 1806.
- 1957 "Species concepts and definitions". Pages 371-388 in *The Species Problem* (E. Mayr ed). AAAS, Washington DC.
- 1959 "The emergence of evolutionary novelties". Pages 349-380 in *The Evolution of Life: Evolution after Darwin, vol 1* (S. Tax, ed) University of Chicago.
- 1959 "Darwin and the evolutionary theory in Biology". Pages 1–10 in *Evolution and Anthropology: A Centennial Appraisal* (B J Meggers, Ed) The Anthropological Society of Washington, Washington DC.
- 1959 "Agassiz, Darwin, and Evolution". *Harvard Library Bulletin*. 13:165-194
- 1961 "Cause and effect in biology: Kinds of causes, predictability, and teleology are viewed by a practicing biologist". *Science* 134:1501-1506
- 1962 "Accident or design: The paradox of evolution". Pages 1–14 in *The Evolution of Living Organisms* (G W Leeper, Ed) Melbourne University Press.
- 1964 Introduction, Bibliography and Subject Pages vii-xxviii, 491-513 in *On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life, by Charles Darwin*. A Facsimile of the First Edition. Harvard University Press.
- 1965 *Comments. In Proceedings of the Boston Colloguium for the Philosophy of Science, 1962-1964*. Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 2:151-156
- 1969 *Discussion: Footnotes on the philosophy of biology*. Philosophy of Science 36:197-202
- 1972 *Continental drift and the history of the Australian bird fauna*. Emu 72:26-28
- 1972 *Geography and ecology as faunal determinants*. Pages 549-561 in Proceedings XVth International Ornithological Congress (K H Voous, Ed) E J Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- 1972 *Lamarck revisited*. Journal of the History of Biology. 5:55-94
- 1974 *Teleological and teleonomic: A new analysis*. Boston studies in the Philosophy of Science 14:91-117
- 1978 *Tenure: A sacred cow?* Science 199:1293
- 1980 *How I became a Darwinian, Pages 413-423 in The Evolutionary Synthesis* (E Mayr and W Provine, Eds) Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
- 1980 with W B Provine, Eds. *The Evolutionary Synthesis*. Harvard University Press.
- 1981 *Evolutionary biology. Pages 147-162 in The Joys of Research* (W. Shripshire Jr, Ed.) Smithsonian Institution Press.
- 1984 *Evolution and ethics. Pages 35-46 in Darwin, Mars and Freud: Their influence on Moral Theory* (A L Caplan and B Jennings, Eds.) Plenum Press, New York.
- 1985. Darwin's five theories of evolution. In D. Kohn, ed., *The Darwinian Heritage*, Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press, pp.&nbsp;755–772.
- 1985. How biology differs from the physical sciences. In D. J. Depew and B H Weber, eds., *Evolution at a Crossroads: The New Biology and the New Philosophy of Science*, Cambridge MA: The MIT Press, pp.&nbsp;43–63.
- 1988. The why and how of species. *Biology and Philosophy* 3:431-441
- 1992. The idea of teleology. *Journal of the History of Ideas* 53:117-135
- 1994. with W.J. Bock. Provisional classifications v. standard avian sequences: heuristics and communication in ornithology. *Ibis* 136:12-18
- 1996. What is a species, and what is not? *Philosophy of Science* 63 (June): 262-277.
- 1996. The autonomy of biology: the position of biology among the sciences. *Quarterly Review of Biology* 71:97-106
- 1997. The objects of selection *Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA* 94 (March): 2091-94.
- 1999. Darwin's influence on modern thought Crafoord Prize lecture, September 23, 1999.
- 2000. Biology in the Twenty-First Century *Bioscience* 50 (Oct. 2000): 895-897.
- 2001. The philosophical foundations of Darwinism *Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society* 145:488-495
- 2002. with Walter J Bock. Classifications and other ordering systems. *Zeitschrift Zool. Syst. Evolut-Forsch*. 40:1-25