--=========================================================================
Italicize a taxon name appropriately by invoking italicizeTaxonName.
The algorithm used is:
- If the name has italic markup at the start or the end, do nothing.
- Else
- Remove (internal) italic markup.
- If the name is made up of four words and the third word is a
botanical connecting term, de-italicize the connecting term and add italic
markup to the outside of the name.
- Else if the name is made up of three words and the second word is a
botanical connecting term or a variant of "cf.", de-italicize the
connecting term and add italic markup to the outside of the name.
- Else just add italic markup to the outside of the name.
The module also:
- Ensures that the hybrid symbol, ×, and parentheses are not italicized, as
well as any string inside parentheses if dab is true.
- Has an option to abbreviate all parts of taxon names other than the last
to the first letter (e.g. "Pinus sylvestris var. sylvestris" becomes
"P. s. var. sylvestris").
- Has an option to wikilink the italicized name to the input name.
=============================================================================  
local p = {}
local l = {} -- used to store purely local functions  
--connecting terms in three part names (e.g. Pinus sylvestris var. sylvestris)
local cTerms3 = {
--subsp.
subspecies = "subsp.",
["subsp."] = "subsp.",
subsp = "subsp.",
["ssp."] = "subsp.",
ssp = "subsp.",
--var.
varietas = "var.",
["var."] = "var.",
var = "var.",
--subvar.
subvarietas = "subvar.",
["subvar."] = "subvar.",
subvar = "subvar.",
--f.
forma = "f.",
["f."] = "f.",
f = "f.",
--subf.
subforma = "subf.",
["subf."] = "subf.",
subf = "subf."
}
--connecting terms in two part names (e.g. Pinus sect. Pinus)
local cTerms2 = {
--subg.
subgenus = "subg.",
["subgen."] = "subg.",
["subg."] = "subg.",
subg = "subg.",
--supersect.
supersection = "supersect.",
["supersect."] = "supersect.",
supersect = "supersect.",
--sect.
section = "sect.",
["sect."] = "sect.",
sect = "sect.",
--subsect.
subsection = "subsect.",
["subsect."] = "subsect.",
subsect = "subsect.",
--ser.
series = "ser.",
["ser."] = "ser.",
ser = "ser.",
--subser.
subseries = "subser.",
["subser."] = "subser.",
subser = "subser.",
--cf.
cf = "cf.",
["cf."] = "cf.",
["c.f."] = "cf."
}  
--=========================================================================
Main function to italicize a taxon name appropriately. For the purpose of the
parameters, see p.italicizeTaxonName.
=============================================================================
function p.main
local name = .args[1] or ''
local linked = .args['linked'] == 'yes'
local abbreviated = .args['abbreviated'] == 'yes'
local dab = .args['dab'] == 'yes'
return p.italicizeTaxonName(name, linked, abbreviated, dab)
end  
--=========================================================================
Utility local function to abbreviate an input string to its first character
followed by ".".
Both "×" and an HTML entity at the start of the string are skipped over in
determining first character, as is an opening parenthesis and an opening ",
which cause a matching closing character to be included.
=============================================================================
function l.abbreviate(str)
local result = ""
local hasParentheses = false
local isQuoted = false
if mw.ustring.len(str) < 2 then
--single character strings are unchanged
result = str
else
--skip over an opening parenthesis that could be present at the start of the string
if mw.ustring.sub(str,1,1) == "(" then
hasParentheses = true
result = "("
str = mw.ustring.sub(str,2,mw.ustring.len(str))
elseif mw.ustring.sub(str,1,1) == '"' then
isQuoted = true
result = '"'
str = mw.ustring.sub(str,2,mw.ustring.len(str))
end
--skip over a hybrid symbol that could be present at the start of the string
if mw.ustring.sub(str,1,1) == "×" then
result = "×"
str = mw.ustring.sub(str,2,mw.ustring.len(str))
end
--skip over an HTML entity that could be present at the start of the string
if mw.ustring.sub(str,1,1) == "&" then
local i,dummy = mw.ustring.find(str,";",2,plain)
result = result .. mw.ustring.sub(str,1,i)
str = mw.ustring.sub(str,i+1,mw.ustring.len(str))
end
--if there's anything , reduce it to its first character plus ".",
--adding the closing parenthesis or quote if required
if str ~= "" then
result = result .. mw.ustring.sub(str,1,1) .. "."
if hasParentheses then result = result .. ")"
elseif isQuoted then result = result .. '"'
end
end
end
return result
end  
--=========================================================================
The function which does the italicization. Parameters:
name (string) – the taxon name to be processed
linked (boolean) – should a wikilink be generated?
abbreviated (boolean) – should the first parts of the taxon name be
reduced to capital letters?
dab (boolean) – should any parenthesized part be treated as a disambiguation
term and unitalicized?
=============================================================================
function p.italicizeTaxonName(name, linked, abbreviated, dab)
name = mw.text.trim(name)
-- if the name begins with '[', then assume formatting is present
if mw.ustring.sub(name,1,1) == '[' then return name end
-- otherwise begin by replacing any use of the HTML italic tags
-- by Wikimedia markup; replace any entity alternatives to the hybrid symbol
-- by the symbol itself; prevent the hybrid symbol being treated as
-- a 'word' by converting a following space to the HTML entity
local italMarker = "''"
name = string.gsub(mw.text.trim(name), "</?i>", italMarker)
name = string.gsub(string.gsub(name, "&#215;", "×"), "&times;", "×")
name = string.gsub(name, "</?span.->", "") -- remove any span markup
name = string.gsub(name, "× ", "×&#32;")
-- now italicize and abbreviate if required
local result = name
if name ~= '' then
if string.sub(name,1,2) == italMarker or string.sub(name,-2) == italMarker then
-- do nothing if the name already has italic markers at the start or end
else
name = string.gsub(name, italMarker, "") -- first remove any internal italics
local words = mw.text.split(name, " ", true)
if #words == 4 and cTerms3[words[3]] then
-- the third word of a four word name is a connecting term
-- ensure the connecting term isn't italicized
words[3] = '<span>' .. cTerms3[words[3]] .. '</span>'
if abbreviated then
words[1] = l.abbreviate(words[1])
words[2] = l.abbreviate(words[2])
end
result = words[1] .. " " .. words[2] .. " " .. words[3] .. " " .. words[4]
elseif #words == 3 and cTerms2[words[2]] then
-- the second word of a three word name is a connecting term
-- ensure the connecting term isn't italicized
words[2] = '<span>' .. cTerms2[words[2]] .. '</span>'
if abbreviated then
words[1] = l.abbreviate(words[1])
end
result = words[1] .. " " .. words[2] .. " " .. words[3]
else
-- not a name as above; only deal with abbreviation
if abbreviated then
if #words > 1 then
result = l.abbreviate(words[1])
for i = 2, #words-1, 1 do
result = result .. " " .. l.abbreviate(words[i])
end
result = result .. " " .. words[#words]
end
else
result = name
end
end
-- deal with any hybrid symbol as it should not be italicized
result = string.gsub(result, "×", '<span>×</span>')
-- deal with any parentheses as they should not be italicized
if dab then
result = string.gsub(string.gsub(result,"%(",'<span>('),"%)",')</span>')
else
result = string.gsub(string.gsub(result,"%(",'<span>(</span>'),"%)",'<span>)</span>')
end
-- any question marks surrounded by spans can have the spans joined
result = string.gsub(result,'</span>%?<span>','?')
-- add outside markup
if linked then
if result ~= name then
result = "" .. italMarker .. result .. italMarker .. ""
else
result = italMarker .. "" .. name .. "" .. italMarker
end
else
result = italMarker .. result .. italMarker
end
end
end
return result
end  
--=========================================================================