The jaws of cynodonts resemble modern mammal jaws. It is very likely this group of animals contains a species which is the direct ancestor of all modern mammals. |  |
| 220 Ma | '']]
From eucynodonts (cynodonts) came the first பாலூட்டிs. Most early mammals were small and shrew-like animals that fed on insects. Although there is no evidence in the fossil record, it is likely that these animals had a constant body temperature, milk glands for their young. The neocortex region of the மனித மூளை first evolved in mammals and thus is unique to them. |  |
| 125 Ma | '']]
*Eomaia scansoria*, a eutherian mammal, leads to the formation of modern placental mammals. It looks like modern dormouse, climbing small shrubs in Liaoning, சீன மக்கள் குடியரசு. |  |
| 100 Ma | Common genetic மூதாதை of mice and humans. |  |
| 65 Ma | '']]
'' without fur.]]
A group of small, nocturnal and arboreal, insect-eating mammals called the Euarchonta begins a speciation that will lead to the முதனி, treeshrew and flying lemur orders. The Primatomorpha is a subdivision of Euarchonta that includes the primates and the proto-primate Plesiadapiformes. One of the early proto-primates is *Plesiadapis*. *Plesiadapis* still had claws and the eyes located on each side of the head, because of that they were faster on the ground than on the top of the trees, but they begin to spend long times on lower branches of trees, feeding on பழம்s and leaves. The Plesiadapiformes very likely contain the species which is the ancestor of all primates.  
One of the last Plesiadapiformes is *Carpolestes simpsoni*. It had grasping digits but no forward facing eyes. |  |
| 40 Ma | முதனிs diverge into suborders Strepsirrhini (wet-nosed primates) and Haplorrhini (dry nosed primates). Strepsirrhini contains most of the prosimians; modern examples include the லெமூர்s and lorises. The haplorrhines include the three living groups the prosimian tarsiers, the simian குரங்குs, and மனிதக் குரங்குs. One of the earliest haplorrhines is *Teilhardina asiatica*, a mouse-sized, diurnal creature with small eyes. |  |
| 30 Ma | '']]
Haplorrhini splits into infraorders Platyrrhini and Catarrhini. Platyrrhines, New World monkeys, have prehensile tails and males are color blind. They may have migrated to South America on a raft of vegetation across the Atlantic ocean (circa 4,500&nbsp;km, 2,800&nbsp;mi). Catarrhines mostly stayed in ஆப்பிரிக்கா as the two continents drifted apart. One ancestor of catarrhines might be *Aegyptopithecus*. |  |
| 25 Ma | '']]
Catarrhini splits into 2 superfamilies, Old World monkeys (Cercopithecoidea) and மனிதக் குரங்குs (மனிதக் குரங்கு).  
*Proconsul* was an early பேரினம் (உயிரியல்) of catarrhine primates. They had a mixture of Old World monkey and மனிதக் குரங்கு characteristics. *Proconsul*'s குரங்கு-like features include thin பல் enamel, a light build with a narrow chest and short forelimbs, and an arboreal quadrupedal lifestyle. Its ape-like features are its lack of a tail, ape-like elbows, and a slightly larger brain relative to body size.  
*Proconsul africanus* is a possible ancestor of both great and lesser apes, and humans. |  |
| 15 Ma | Hominidae (great apes) speciate from the ancestors of the கிப்பன் (lesser apes). |  |
| 13 Ma | Homininae ancestors speciate from the ancestors of the ஒராங்குட்டான்.  
*Pierolapithecus catalaunicus* is believed to be a பொது மரபுவழி of humans and the great apes or at least a species that brings us closer to a common ancestor than any previous தொல்லுயிர் எச்சம் discovery.  
*Pierolapithecus* had special adaptations for tree climbing, just as humans and other great apes do: a wide, flat ribcage, a stiff lower spine, flexible wrists, and shoulder blades that lie along its back. |  |
| 10 Ma | Hominini speciate from the ancestors of the கொரில்லாs. |  |
| 7 Ma | '']]
Hominina speciate from the ancestors of the chimpanzees. The latest common ancestor is *Sahelanthropus tchadensis* (ca. 7 Ma). The earliest known human ancestor post-dating the separation of the human and the chimpanzee lines is *Orrorin tugenensis* (Millennium Man, Kenya; ca. 6 Ma).
Both chimpanzees and humans have a குரல்வளை that repositions during the first two years of life to a spot between the pharynx and the lungs, indicating that the common ancestors have this feature, a precursor of speech. |  |
| 4.4 Ma | *Ardipithecus ramidus ramidus* |  |
| 4.4 Ma | Some *Australopithecus afarensis* footprints on volcanic ash in Laetoli, Kenya (Northern Tanzania) Strong evidence of bipedalism. |  |
| 3.5 Ma | Kenyanthropus platyops, a possible ancestor of *Homo*, emerges from the *Australopithecus* genus. |  |
| 3 Ma | The bipedal australopithecines (a genus of the *Hominina* subtribe) evolve in the savannas of ஆப்பிரிக்கா being hunted by *Dinofelis*. Loss of body hair takes place in the period 3-2 Ma, in parallel with the development of full இருகால் நகர்வு. |  |
| 2.5 Ma | '']]
Appearance of *Homo*.
*Homo habilis* is thought to be the ancestor of the lankier and more sophisticated, *Homo ergaster*. Lived side by side the *Homo erectus* until at least 1.44 Ma, making it highly unlikely that *Homo erectus* directly evolved out of *Homo habilis*. First stone tools, beginning of the Lower Paleolithic. |  |
| 1.8 Ma | *Homo erectus* evolves in ஆப்பிரிக்கா.
*Homo erectus* would bear a striking resemblance to modern humans, but had a brain about 74 percent of the size of modern man. Its forehead is less sloping and the teeth are smaller. It is believed to be an ancestor of modern humans (with *Homo heidelbergensis* usually treated as an intermediary step).  
*Homo erectus* migrates out of Africa and colonizes ஐரோவாசியா. |  |
| 1.5 Ma | Dmanisi man / *Homo georgicus* (Georgia), tiny brain came from Africa, with *Homo erectus* and *Homo habilis* characteristics. Control of fire by early humans. Evolution of dark skin is complete by 1.2 Ma. |  |
| 516 ka | Common genetic ancestor of humans and Neanderthal. At present estimate, humans have approximately 20,000–25,000 மரபணுs and share 99% of their டி. என். ஏ. with the now இனஅழிவு நியண்டர்தால் மனிதன் and 95% of their டி. என். ஏ. with their closest living evolutionary relative, the chimpanzees. |  |
| 355 ka | Three 1.5&nbsp;m (5&nbsp;ft) tall *Homo heidelbergensis* footprints in powdery volcanic ash solidified in Italy. *Homo heidelbergensis* is the common ancestor of both *நியண்டர்தால் மனிதன்* and *Homo sapiens*. It is morphologically very similar to *Homo erectus* but *Homo heidelbergensis* had a larger brain-case, about 93% the size of that of *Homo sapiens*. The species was tall, 1.8&nbsp;m (6&nbsp;ft) on average, and more muscular than modern humans. Beginning of the Middle Paleolithic. |  |
| 195 ka | Omo1, Omo2 (Ethiopia, Omo river) are the earliest fossil evidence for archaic *Homo sapiens*, evolved from *Homo heidelbergensis*. |  |
| 160 ka | *Homo sapiens* (*Homo sapiens idaltu*) in Ethiopia, Awash River, Herto village, practise mortuary rituals and butcher hippos. |  |
| 150 ka | )]]
இழைமணியப் பழையோள் கிழக்காப்பிரிக்காவில் வாழும் காலம். இழைமணியப் பழையோள் என்பது வாழும் மாந்தரின் தாய்வழி மூதாதையர்கள் அனைவருக்கும் பொதுவாக இருந்ததாகக் கருத இடம் தரும் ஒரு பெண் தொன்முது தாயைக் (மூதாயைக்) குறிக்கும் சொற்றொடர். இப்பெண்ணின் இழைமணி மரபுப்பொருளின் (மைட்டோக்கோன்றிய டி.என்.ஏ யின்) ஒரு படியுருதான் வழிவழியாக ஒவ்வொறு தாயிடமிருந்தும் குழந்தைகளுக்குச் சென்று இன்று வாழும் மனிதர்களின் கண்ணறைகளின் உள்ளுறுப்புகளானன இழைமணிகளுக்குள் இருக்கின்றன. |  |
| 70 ka | Appearance of mitochondrial haplogroup L2. Behavioral modernity. The ஃபாக்சு பீ2 gene (associated with the development of speech) appears in this period. |  |
| 60 ka | Y-chromosomal Adam lives in Africa. He is the most recent common ancestor from whom all male human Y chromosomes are descended. Appearance of mitochondrial haplogroups M and N, which participate in the migration out of Africa. |  |