consolidated other income ( expense ) items , net .
what would the investment income ( loss ) have been in 2014 without the gain from the sale of the investment in clearwire corporation in 2013?
interest expense interest expense increased in 2015 primarily due to an increase in our debt outstanding and $ 47 million of additional interest expense associated with the early redemption in june 2015 of our $ 750 million aggregate principal amount of 5.85% ( 5.85 % ) senior notes due november 2015 and our $ 1.0 billion aggregate principal amount of 5.90% ( 5.90 % ) senior notes due march 2016 . interest expense increased in 2014 primarily due to the effect of our interest rate derivative financial instruments . investment income ( loss ) , net the change in investment income ( loss ) , net in 2015 was primarily due to a $ 154 million gain related to the sale of our shares of arris group common stock in 2014 . the change in investment income ( loss ) , net in 2014 was primarily due to a $ 443 million gain related to the sale of our investment in clearwire corporation in 2013 . the components of investment income ( loss ) , net are presented in a table in note 7 to comcast 2019s consolidated financial statements . equity in net income ( losses ) of investees , net the change in equity in net income ( losses ) of investees , net in 2015 was primarily due to twcc holding corp . ( 201cthe weather channel 201d ) recording impairment charges related to goodwill . we recorded expenses of $ 333 million in 2015 that represent nbcuniversal 2019s proportionate share of these impairment charges . the change in 2015 was also due to an increase in our proportionate share of losses in hulu , llc ( 201chulu 201d ) , which were driven by hulu 2019s higher programming and marketing costs . in 2015 and 2014 , we recognized our pro- portionate share of losses of $ 106 million and $ 20 million , respectively , related to our investment in hulu . the change in equity in net income ( losses ) of investees , net in 2014 was primarily due to $ 142 million of total equity losses recorded in 2013 attributable to our investment in hulu . in july 2013 , we entered into an agreement to provide capital contributions totaling $ 247 million to hulu , which we had previously accounted for as a cost method investment . this represented an agreement to provide our first capital contribution to hulu since we acquired our interest in it as part of our acquisition of a controlling interest in nbcuniversal in 2011 ( the 201cnbcuniversal transaction 201d ) ; therefore , we began to apply the equity method of accounting for this investment . the change in the method of accounting for this investment required us to recognize our propor- tionate share of hulu 2019s accumulated losses from the date of the nbcuniversal transaction through july 2013 . other income ( expense ) , net other income ( expense ) , net for 2015 included gains of $ 335 million on the sales of a business and an invest- ment , $ 240 million recorded on the settlement of a contingent consideration liability with general electric company ( 201cge 201d ) related to the acquisition of nbcuniversal , and $ 43 million related to an equity method investment . these gains were partially offset by $ 236 million of expenses related to fair value adjustments to a contractual obligation . see note 11 to comcast 2019s consolidated financial statements for additional information on this contractual obligation . other income ( expense ) , net for 2014 included a $ 27 million favorable settlement of a contingency related to the at&t broadband transaction in 2002 , which was more than offset by $ 208 million of expenses related to 61 comcast 2015 annual report on form 10-k .