management 2019s discussion and analysis investing & lending investing & lending includes our investing activities and the origination of loans to provide financing to clients . these investments and loans are typically longer-term in nature . we make investments , some of which are consolidated , directly and indirectly through funds that we manage , in debt securities and loans , public and private equity securities , and real estate entities . the table below presents the operating results of our investing & lending segment. .
in millions for 2014 2013 and 2012 , what was average equity securities?
1 . includes net revenues of $ 325 million for 2014 , $ 329 million for 2013 and $ 362 million for 2012 related to metro international trade services llc . we completed the sale of this consolidated investment in december 2014 . 2014 versus 2013 . net revenues in investing & lending were $ 6.83 billion for 2014 , 3% ( 3 % ) lower than 2013 . net gains from investments in equity securities were slightly lower due to a significant decrease in net gains from investments in public equities , as movements in global equity prices during 2014 were less favorable compared with 2013 , partially offset by an increase in net gains from investments in private equities , primarily driven by company-specific events . net revenues from debt securities and loans were higher than 2013 , reflecting a significant increase in net interest income , primarily driven by increased lending , and a slight increase in net gains , primarily due to sales of certain investments during 2014 . other net revenues , related to our consolidated investments , were significantly lower compared with 2013 , reflecting a decrease in operating revenues from commodities-related consolidated investments . during 2014 , net revenues in investing & lending generally reflected favorable company-specific events , including initial public offerings and financings , and strong corporate performance , as well as net gains from sales of certain investments . however , concerns about the outlook for the global economy and uncertainty over the impact of financial regulatory reform continue to be meaningful considerations for the global marketplace . if equity markets decline or credit spreads widen , net revenues in investing & lending would likely be negatively impacted . operating expenses were $ 2.82 billion for 2014 , 5% ( 5 % ) higher than 2013 , reflecting higher compensation and benefits expenses , partially offset by lower expenses related to consolidated investments . pre-tax earnings were $ 4.01 billion in 2014 , 8% ( 8 % ) lower than 2013 . 2013 versus 2012 . net revenues in investing & lending were $ 7.02 billion for 2013 , 19% ( 19 % ) higher than 2012 , reflecting a significant increase in net gains from investments in equity securities , driven by company-specific events and stronger corporate performance , as well as significantly higher global equity prices . in addition , net gains and net interest income from debt securities and loans were slightly higher , while other net revenues , related to our consolidated investments , were lower compared with 2012 . during 2013 , net revenues in investing & lending generally reflected favorable company-specific events and strong corporate performance , as well as the impact of significantly higher global equity prices and tighter corporate credit spreads . operating expenses were $ 2.69 billion for 2013 , essentially unchanged compared with 2012 . operating expenses during 2013 included lower impairment charges and lower operating expenses related to consolidated investments , partially offset by increased compensation and benefits expenses due to higher net revenues compared with 2012 . pre-tax earnings were $ 4.33 billion in 2013 , 34% ( 34 % ) higher than 2012 . goldman sachs 2014 annual report 45 .