the intrinsic value of restricted stock awards vested during the years ended december 31 , 2016 , 2015 and 2014 was $ 25 million , $ 31 million and $ 17 million , respectively . restricted stock awards made to employees have vesting periods ranging from 1 year with variable vesting dates to 10 years . following is a summary of the future vesting of our outstanding restricted stock awards : vesting of restricted shares .
what percentage of restricted shares is set to vest after 2021?
the related compensation costs less estimated forfeitures is generally recognized ratably over the vesting period of the restricted stock awards . upon vesting , the grants will be paid in our class p common shares . during 2016 , 2015 and 2014 , we recorded $ 66 million , $ 52 million and $ 51 million , respectively , in expense related to restricted stock awards and capitalized approximately $ 9 million , $ 15 million and $ 6 million , respectively . at december 31 , 2016 and 2015 , unrecognized restricted stock awards compensation costs , less estimated forfeitures , was approximately $ 133 million and $ 154 million , respectively . pension and other postretirement benefit plans savings plan we maintain a defined contribution plan covering eligible u.s . employees . we contribute 5% ( 5 % ) of eligible compensation for most of the plan participants . certain plan participants 2019 contributions and company contributions are based on collective bargaining agreements . the total expense for our savings plan was approximately $ 48 million , $ 46 million , and $ 42 million for the years ended december 31 , 2016 , 2015 and 2014 , respectively . pension plans our u.s . pension plan is a defined benefit plan that covers substantially all of our u.s . employees and provides benefits under a cash balance formula . a participant in the cash balance plan accrues benefits through contribution credits based on a combination of age and years of service , times eligible compensation . interest is also credited to the participant 2019s plan account . a participant becomes fully vested in the plan after three years , and may take a lump sum distribution upon termination of employment or retirement . certain collectively bargained and grandfathered employees continue to accrue benefits through career pay or final pay formulas . two of our subsidiaries , kinder morgan canada inc . and trans mountain pipeline inc . ( as general partner of trans mountain pipeline l.p. ) , are sponsors of pension plans for eligible canadian and trans mountain pipeline employees . the plans include registered defined benefit pension plans , supplemental unfunded arrangements ( which provide pension benefits in excess of statutory limits ) and defined contributory plans . benefits under the defined benefit components accrue through career pay or final pay formulas . the net periodic benefit costs , contributions and liability amounts associated with our canadian plans are not material to our consolidated income statements or balance sheets ; however , we began to include the activity and balances associated with our canadian plans ( including our canadian opeb plans discussed below ) in the following disclosures on a prospective basis beginning in 2016 . the associated net periodic benefit costs for these combined canadian plans of $ 12 million and $ 10 million for the years ended december 31 , 2015 and 2014 , respectively , were reported separately in prior years . other postretirement benefit plans we and certain of our u.s . subsidiaries provide other postretirement benefits ( opeb ) , including medical benefits for closed groups of retired employees and certain grandfathered employees and their dependents , and limited postretirement life insurance benefits for retired employees . our canadian subsidiaries also provide opeb benefits to current and future retirees and their dependents . medical benefits under these opeb plans may be subject to deductibles , co-payment provisions , dollar .