By nickel and cobalt. Transcriptionally repressed by RcnR (By similarity)
Expression is positively regulated by the dothistromin-specific transcription factor aflR (PubMed:23207690)
Increased in dorsal root ganglia in response to injury caused by dorsal rhizotomy (PubMed:28270793). Increased in dorsal root ganglia in response to sciatic transection injury (PubMed:28270793). Transiently increased in dorsal root ganglia in response to sciatic nerve crush injury, returning to comparable levels 42 days post-injury (PubMed:28270793)
Part of the senX3-regX3 operon (PubMed:9426136). The two genes are separated by a rather long intercistronic region composed of a class of duplicated sequences named mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units (MIRUs) (PubMed:9426136). Significantly up-regulated after 28 days of hypoxia (PubMed:35980355)
Up-regulated in response to enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection
A member of the dormancy regulon. Induced in response to reduced oxygen tension (hypoxia), low levels of nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO). It is hoped that this regulon will give insight into the latent, or dormant phase of infection
Not induced by abscisic acid (ABA)
Synthesis of this immunogen is repressed at 30 degrees Celsius and restored at 37 degrees Celsius
Up-regulated by UV radiations and during meiosis
Down-regulated by ether lipids/plasmalogen that induce its degradation (at protein level)
Transiently induced after wounding and by jasmonic acid (MeJA) (PubMed:26359402, PubMed:23653238). After an exposition to UV-light, first transiently induced before fading out (PubMed:23653238)
By the unfolded protein response (UPR)
By volatile C6-aldehydes ((E)-2-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexenol), and allo-ocimene
By all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)
Down-regulated by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, PAO1 strain and PA14 strain infection
Repressed when copper levels are low in a CUF1-dependent manner (at protein level) (PubMed:33567338). Induced by high temperature (PubMed:12496163)
By heat shock
Overexpressed by estrogens in breast cancer MCF-7 cells, probably via an activation of nuclear receptors for steroids (ESR1 but not ESR2). Significantly increased by estrogens in ESR1-positive Ishikawa endometrial cancer cells. Up-regulated in 17-beta-estradiol-responsive BG-1 ovarian cancer cells but down-regulated in estrogen-resistant SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells. Induced by androgen
By contact to a reconstituted basement membrane
By T-cell activation
Expressed constitutively at low levels, slightly induced upon entry into stationary phase at 37 degrees Celsius. Induced by 5-fluorouracil. Strongly induced at 16 and 23 degrees Celsius. Expression is partially dependent on RpoS, it is repressed by YcgE. At 16 degrees Celsius with blue light irradiation, expression of this operon is absolutely dependent on YcgF for relief from YcgE repression. Part of the ycgZ-ymgA-ariR-ymgC operon
Expressed under conditions of phosphate starvation
Expression is positively regulated by the thioclapurine cluster-specific transcription factor tcpZ (PubMed:27390873)
Up-regulated by drought
Expression reached the highest levels at 3 days after inoculation of pepper leaves, followed by a gradual decline
Expression of the acidic chitinase gene was not detected in normal, untreated plants nor in plants treated with ethylene or salicylic acid
Down-regulated by gibberellin
Expression is negatively regulated by H-NS
By ToxT that is required for tcpA transcriptional activation. Mechanistically, interacts directly with the tcpA promoter to mediate activation
Down-regulated by oxidative stress (PubMed:12492832). Induced by fructose and sucrose (PubMed:22561114). Down-regulated by abiotic stresses (PubMed:22561114)
Up-regulated by VEGF. Down-regulated by TNF
Expression is induced in the presence of 6mM glutamine
By endoplasmic reticulum stress
By bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in the monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1
Expression is specifically repressed in male mice after puberty, preventing trimethylamine degradation. Trimethylamine is present at high concentration in the urine of male mice after puberty and acts as an attractant
By elicitation
Down-regulated in nitrogen-sufficient conditions and up-regulated in nitrogen-limiting conditions
The cluster is expressed in rice fermentation medium (PubMed:25623211). Three regulators are located in the cluster (ptaR1, ptaR2 and ptaR3), suggesting that the production of pestheic acid is controlled by a complex regulatory mechanism (PubMed:24302702)
The expression is high during the mid-exponential phase and low during the stationary phase
By Al in roots. Positively regulated by ART1
By stress
Expression is induced upon exposure to amphotericin B (PubMed:27121717). Expression is slightly induced upon exposure to voriconazole and itraconazole (PubMed:31501141). Is slightly over-expressed in strain TIMM20092, and azole-resistant strain isolated in Switzerland (PubMed:31501141)
By bacterial lipopolysaccharide
Is highly up-regulated by digoxin and other cardiac glycosides containing unsaturated butyrolactone rings, such as digitoxin, digoxigenin, and, to a lesser extent, ouabain. Is repressed by arginine but not by ornithine. Part of an operon that consists of cgr1 and cgr2
Down-regulated by cytokinin
Expressed during multiple stages of host plant infection, including the prepenetration, early biotrophy, late biotrophy, transition and necrotrophy
Expression of the botcinic acid clusters genes BOA1-13 and BOA17 is coregulated by BCG1 during both in vitro and in planta growth
Expression is regulated by the transcription factor NRG1
By cold
Up-regulated in some cases of breast cancer (PubMed:21164480). Expression is induced by damage-activated TP53 (PubMed:24820418)
Induced after invasion of host macrophages
Detected at low levels after 6 and 96 hours growth, there are fewer copies at 96 hours (at protein level)
Induced by NaCl and RpoS
By lactose. The operon consists of lacABCDFEGX. A second transcript of only lacF and lacE is also lactose-induced
Expressed in both exponential and stationary phase in rich medium; expression is considerably higher during exponential phase (at protein level)
In the adult brain the mRNA is expressed as an unspliced non-protein coding mRNA; inclusion of isoform A-specific exon in the mature transcript is important for long-term memory; mRNA levels depends on behavioral stimulus and splicing depends on the activity of the splicing regulator ps
In large ventral lateral neurons (lLNvs), undergoes daily rhythmic degradation which is inversely correlated with the activity of lLNvs, which is involved in the circadian clock (PubMed:29174887). Degradation levels are increased in the early hours of the morning and mediated by the E3 ubiquitin ligase Fbxl4 (PubMed:29174887)
Induced by zinc deficiency
Up-regulated by the nitrogen regulatory protein C (NtrC also called GlnG) and repressed by RutR
Expression moderately increased by a longer photoperiod
Exhibits circadian rhythm expression. In the SCN and harderian gland, maximum levels at ZT6. Maximum levels in the eye and liver at ZT12. Under constant darkness, maximum levels, in SCN and harderian gland, during subjective day at CT6. In the eye, maximum levels at CT12. PER1 is highly light-inducible at ZT14 and ZT22
Induced by MurNAc 6-phosphate that releases the repressor MurR from the DNA. Repressed by MurR in the absence of MurNAc 6-phosphate
Up-regulated by karrikins and strigolactone treatments
Induced by the pathogenic bacteria P.syringae pv. tomato
Expression is negatively regulated by H-NS and subjected to cAMP receptor protein (CRP)-mediated catabolite repression
Induced by growth in high levels of dissolved inorganic carbon and low NH(3) levels (at protein level)
Not induced in 4th instar larvae following a blood meal, an infected blood meal, sterile injection or bacterial injection (E.coli K12 RM148 and M.luteus)
Induced by copper (PubMed:12581355). Transcriptional induction by copper is dependent on enhancer region II, at position -1792 to -1614 within the 5'-untranslated region (PubMed:12581355)
By urea
The eptA-basRS operon is positively autoregulated by BasR under high iron or aluminum concentration conditions
By aluminum stress and phosphate starvation
Up-regulated after spatial learning in radial arm maze experiments and in Morris water maze experiments
Up-regulated by dietary fructose intake (at protein level)
Expression is positively regulated by the transcription factors brlA and laeA (PubMed:26242966)
By growth on oleic acid
Induced by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) in hairy roots (Ref.1, Ref.2). Induced by A.niger mycelium-derived elicitor, thus improving ginsenosides production in adventitious roots culture (PubMed:27746309). Triggered by salicylic acid and yeast extract (Ref.4). Influenced in roots by relative humidity and rain, and in leaves by rain (PubMed:30577538)
Induced upon differentiation of CD4-positive T cells. Up-regulated by IL23A-IL12B (PubMed:17763419). Up-regulated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells upon West Nile virus infection (PubMed:27795421)
Expression is cell cycle-regulated, with an increase during G2 and M phases
Expression is regulated by the Yap1 transcription activator, the Hog1 and Fus3 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, the two component histidine kinase, and the Skn7 response regulator
Induced by high levels of extracellular Ca(2+)
By iron starvation
Induced by fructose and repressed by FruR
Accumulates following infection
Down-regulated during senescence
By stress conditions e.g. heat shock
By cold, dehydration and salt stress
Repressed by ABA
Up-regulated by dexamethasone, a glucocorticoid
By maltose
By ulvan and rhamnose
By dietary fenofibrate
By phosphate starvation (at protein level)
By osmotic and cold stresses, and UV-A/B
By beta-ecdysone; in males
Induced by infection with the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato strain DC3000 and the fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum conglutinans strain 699. Induced by the flagellin flg22, chitin elicitor and salicylate
By inflammation; in lung
Constitutely expressed in rich medium it is induced at 37 but not 28 degrees Celsius in minimal medium
By TNF-alpha
By light
By serum. Expressed constitutively in Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) infected cells
Expression is regulated by the ECF sigma factor SigM
Transcriptionally regulated by CusR in response to copper and silver ions
Up-regulated in response to fibroblast growth factor FGF4 in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in a p38 MAPK-dependent manner (at protein level) (PubMed:24733888). Up-regulated by glucocorticoid agonists, such as dexamethasone (DEX), in burst-forming unit-erythroid (BFU-E) progenitors in a receptor NR3C1-dependent manner (PubMed:23748442). Down-regulated during erythroid cell differentiation (PubMed:23748442). Down-regulated during the conversion from quiescence to activated satellite cells upon muscle injury (PubMed:23046558, PubMed:25815583)
By the acid response regulator EvgA
By stress conditions e.g. heat shock (By similarity)
Increased levels during neuronal differentiation
By high salt intake in SHR rats. Reduced level upon high salt intake in Wistar Kyoto rats
Induced by growth in low levels of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) (at protein level)
Expression is induced during conidiation, after conidiophore stalks had formed and had begun to vesiculate (PubMed:2823119). Positively regulated by abaA (PubMed:2655931). Negatively regulated by velC (PubMed:24587098). Expression is also controlled by acoD (PubMed:1508186)
Activated by wounding, methyl jasmonate, heavy metal, osmotic and salt stresses
Growth phase-dependent transcription is induced by tetracycline. Expression may be controlled by both RpoS and the Mar system
Expressed in both exponential and stationary phase; expression is higher during stationary phase (at protein level)
Up-regulated in metal-poor media
By arsenite
Repressed by lipopolysaccharide stimulation
Expressed during transition into stationary phase, expression is higher at 28 than 37 degrees Celsius, more highly expressed on plates than in liquid medium. In rich medium DgcM and DosC are the major RpoS-dependent GGDEF-domain containing proteins in the cell. Expression is RpoS and H-NS dependent
P450 can be induced to high levels in liver and other tissues by various foreign compounds, including drugs, pesticides, and carcinogens
By phosphate starvation
The expression of this protein is developmentally regulated and is correlated with the 20-OH-ecdysone induced activity of puff 74EF
In fruits, up-regulated by abscisic acid (ABA) or by propylene treatment, and down-regulated by gibberellic acid (GA3) or by cold treatment during storage
Its mRNA is degraded by RNase III (rnc); in the presence of aminoglycoside antibiotics levels of rng mRNA decrease, leading to longer precursor 16S rRNA in the ribosome, which prevents antibiotic-binding and thus increases resistance to aminoglycosides
Expressed at low levels in exponential phase in rich medium (at protein level)
By TNF
By iron deficiency. Up-regulated in duodenal mucosa of mice lacking transferrin or Hfe (at protein level)
Highly induced by hemin
Transcriptionally regulated by the Mlc transcriptional repressor and by the cAMP-CRP complex. Also weakly repressed by NagC
Up-regulated by genotoxic stresses of adriamycin and/or UV irradiation in a p53/TP53-dependent manner
Circadian-regulated with a peak in the late period of the light phase
By LPS
By the putative stalk-specific morphogen DIF (differentiation inducing factor)
Expressed during 1-3 days of culture in DPY medium
Repressed by NadR
Visible only at the end of the dark period, in 12 hours light/ 12 hours dark conditions (at protein level) (PubMed:15548736). Induced transiently upon shifting to light; mostly expressed after shifting to light, to a lower extent at the end of the dark period and under continuous light, and at low levels at the end of the light period (PubMed:15548736)
Induced transiently upon shifting to light; mostly expressed after shifting to light, tand at low levels at the end of the light and dark periods and under continuous light
Induced transiently upon shifting to light; mostly expressed after shifting to light, to a lower extent at the end of the dark period and under continuous light, and at low levels at the end of the light period
Expressed constitutively in both continuous light, and 12 hours light/ 12 hours dark conditions (at protein level)
Repressed in darkness
Induced by L-ascorbate. Repressed by UlaR
Expressed in the presence of D-xylose and L-arabinose and at very low level in the presence of D-glucuronic acid. Expression is under the control of the xylanolytic transcriptional activator xlnR and the carbon catabolite repressor creA
By heat stress
Induced by nonpathogenic bacteria or pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) treatments
By drought stress
Induced by retinoic acid
By IL1B/interleukin-1 beta and TNF in bronchial smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. By IL10/interleukin-10 and IFNG/IFN-gamma in monocyte-derived dendritic cells
In response to low temperature
By wounding
Expression is up-regulated at later stages of infection
By hydrogen peroxide
Induced by KstR
AdoMet activates the tripolyphosphatase reaction
By pregnenolone-alpha-carbonitrile, dexamethasone, phenobarbital, and triacetyloleandomycin
Expression is induced in response to nitrite stress. Not induced by nitrate
By concanavalin or lipopolysaccharide in unactivated splenocytes
Repressed by aerobiosis
Repressed by 2-methylhydroquinone (2-MHQ), diamide and catechol stress. Not subject to autorepression
Induced by gibberellin (e.g. gibberellic acid GA) that accumulates in seeds after red light treatment (PubMed:15056893). Accumulates upon infection with virulent but not with avirulent P.syringae (PubMed:16807755). Degraded in a VPEgamma-dependent manner during senescence (PubMed:12773619)
By jasmonic acid (MeJA)
Strongly induced by hydrogen peroxide and diamide stress in a YAP1- and SKN7-dependent manner. Also induced by reducing stress by DTT
Up-regulated by light
By sucrose, glucose and fructose. Repressed in roots by salt stress. Up-regulated by cold stress
Expression in the hippocampus is induced by long-lasting long-term potentiation
By interleukin-2
Negatively regulated by H-NS. Positively regulated by IHF and EcpR (By similarity)
Expressed constitutively
By UV-B
By zinc depletion
By BDNF
Accumulates in both root epidermis and cortex after Pi- deprivation
Induced by growth on hypotaurine
Up-regulated upon pathogen infection
Induced by the fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum
Positively coregulated with aaeB and aaeX by AaeR
Up-regulated under conditions of dietary zinc deficiency. Down-regulated under conditions of dietary zinc excess
Specifically expressed at both asexual stages (PubMed:26773375). Expression is positively regulated by the secondary metabolism regulator laeA (PubMed:16426969, PubMed:17291795). Expression is also positively regulated by mpkB (PubMed:18378656). Expression is also positively regulated by mtfA (PubMed:24066102)
Down-regulated by agr
Induced locally by wounding, elicitors such as chitin, bacterial pathogens such as P.syringae, compatible fungal pathogens such as A.brassicicola, E.cichoracearum and F.oxysporum, and incompatible fungal pathogens such as B.graminis. Also induced by aphid feeding
Induced by fluconazole and down-regulated in absence of GOA1
By touch
BMC production is induced by growth on 1,2-PD vitamin B12 medium
Induced by UV and hydrogen peroxide. Down-regulated during sucrose starvation. Transiently down-regulated by heat shock
Positively regulated by the meristem identity proteins APETALA1 and LEAFY with the cooperation of UFO. Repressed by silencing mediated by polycomb group (PcG) protein complex containing EMF1 and EMF2
Post-transcriptionally repressed by the FinOP system
Up-regulated by dihydrouracil and N-carbamyl-beta-alanine. Detectable only in cells grown on dihydrouracil and N-carbamyl-beta-alanine as sole nitrogen source
Up-regulated in the presence of cellulose
Cotranscribed with ptxABCDE. Activated by the two-component regulatory system BvgS/BvgA
Activated by cAMP receptor protein (CRP), integration host factor (IHF) and by phenylacetyl-coenzyme A that prevents PaaX from binding its target sequences. Inhibited by PaaX
Induced by abscisic acid (ABA), osmotic shock and drought stress. Slightly induced by salt stress
Expression is induced by TMAO
Expression of mRNA is induced by ground vehicle traffic-related air pollution. No significant difference in the level of protein expression between pollen samples collected from urban polluted versus unpolluted areas
Up-regulated by osmotic stress
Up-regulated under secretion stress conditions, possibly in a CssR/CssS-dependent manner
Expression is positively regulated by CUF1 during copper stress
By TNF, IFNG/IFN-gamma and IFNB1/IFN-beta
Up-regulated by exposure of sporangia to cool water, which initiates the cleavage of sporangial cytoplasm into individual zoospores
Expressed under both copper-replete and copper-limited growth conditions
By p53/TP53
Up-regulated by auxin (IAA), salicylic acid (SA), hydrogen peroxide and cold
Down-regulated by phagocytic stimuli and growth on bacteria
By endoplasmic reticulum stress-inducing agents such as thapsigargin and tunicamycin
By ER stress
Rapidly up-regulated by hyperosmotic stress, which is dependent on dstC. Strongly inducible by 8-bromo-cGMP and to a lesser extent by 8-bromo-cAMP. Not induced by DIF (differentiation-inducing factor, a chlorinated hexaphenone). Up-regulated following Legionella pneumophilia infection
By CseB, in response to cell envelope stress
Up-regulated in response to cardiac hypertrophy and in serum-starved but not in density-dependent growth-arrested NIH3T3 cells. Down-regulated within 6 hours after the addition of serum or epidermal growth factor to serum-starved cells
In leaves, in response to infection, elicitor, ethylene, or wounding
Expression increased by knockdown of mpst-1
By sugar starvation, by dark and by 3-O-methyl-Glc (3-OMG). Down-regulated by sugars. Up-regulated by DCMU, an exogenous photosynthesis inhibitor
Expressed with a circadian rhythm showing an increase during the day and a decrease at night under long day conditions
Expression is down-regulated by ralstonins, lipopeptides produced by the plant pathogenic bacteria Ralstonia solanacearum (PubMed:29182847)
Expression is under the positive control of the hyphal regulator TEC1 and repressed by TUP1 (PubMed:15814840, PubMed:15964282). Also induced by acetic acid-stress in a MNL1-dependent manner (PubMed:18653474)
Induced by dihydroxyacetone via the DhaQ-DhaS complex
By cold shock, 10 degrees Celsius (at protein level)
Down-regulated by phagocytic stimuli
Up-regulated by Golgi stress-inducing agent nigericin
The first gene in the probable 17 gene mamAB operon
By tazarotene and by all the retinoic acid receptors tested
Expression is not markedly induced by human epithelial cells
By dexamethasone, heat-shock or osmotic stress. Up-regulated by hypoxia, in a HIF1A-dependent but TP53-independent mechanism. Up-regulated upon energy stress. Up-regulated in brain from MPTP-intoxicated mice, a model for Parkinson disease (at protein level). Up-regulated by hypoxia in bowel, liver, spleen, heart, lung, brain and kidney
By salt and norspermidine treatments and phosphate starvation
Up-regulated in lymphocytes by IL2/interleukin-2
Rapidly induced upon low-oxygen stress in roots and shoots
Diurnally expressed
Expression is induced under hypoxic conditions (PubMed:21388144)
Autoregulated. Transcription is affected by Agr and SarA. Also, transcriptionally repressed by NaCL, pH below 6, glucose and the antibiotic clindamycin
By ethylene
Down-regulated after wounding
By nerve growth factor in PC12 cells
By a variety of stressful conditions including bacterial infection, heat shock and exposure to ultraviolet light
Shows high expression in fruiting bodies and is highly expressed throughout development
A member of the dormancy regulon, expression is controlled by devR (PubMed:12953092, PubMed:19487478). Induced in response to reduced oxygen tension (hypoxia) (PubMed:11416222, PubMed:12953092, PubMed:19487478). Induced in response to low levels of nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO) (PubMed:12953092, PubMed:18400743). It is hoped that this regulon will give insight into the latent, or dormant phase of infection. Member of the Rv3134c-devR-devS operon (PubMed:10970762)
Constitutively expressed, not induced by bacteriophage phiC31, probably part of a pglY-pglZ operon
(Microbial infection) Induced upon infection by soybean mosaic virus (SMV) in susceptible plants (e.g. cv. Tianlong 1) but not in resistant plants (e.g. cv. Kefeng 1)
Expression increases by 55% during phagocytosis (at protein level)
Negatively regulated by H-NS. Positively autoregulated. Also positively regulated by IHF (By similarity)
Up-regulated during fasting and in the regenerative phase following renal tubular injury
By salt, cold and drought stress
Expressed constitutively, although partially repressed under conditions of iron stress
Up-regulated in astrocytes after brain injury
Induced by growth in low levels of dissolved inorganic carbon (at protein level)
Expression is down-regulated in response to alkaline pH when CRZ1 or RIM101 are deleted
Expression is positively regulated by the secondary metabolism cross-pathway regulator scpR (PubMed:20952652)
Down-regulated by abscisic acid (ABA)
The expression is highest in the biotrophic phase of the pathogen
By DNA damage, as part of the SOS response
By Tre6P
By chrd
By nitrogen starvation. It is further induced by a pheromone signal. Its transcription is limited to M cells
Expressed during cell growth
Expression is strongly induced during the first 24 h of host infection (PubMed:32117400). Levels increase from the time point on when germ tubes enter the leaf and the maximum expression level is reached during the formation of first haustoria (PubMed:32117400). Thereafter, expression decreases during branching of hyphae (PubMed:32117400)
Follows a cyclic expression; during interphase, accumulates gradually following G1, S to reach a critical threshold at the end of G2, which promotes self-activation and triggers onset of mitosis. Induced transiently by TGFB1 at an early phase of TGFB1-mediated apoptosis, but later repressed. Triggered by CKS1B during mitotic entry in breast cancer cells. Down-regulated under genotoxic stresses triggered by PKR/EIF2AK2-mediated phosphorylation
Accumulates in a hypoacetylated/phosphorylated form in response to cisplatin treatment
By growth factors
Up-regulated in neuronal cells upon ischemia
By 2,4-D treatment
By cold, dehydration, salt, submergence, mechanical wounding, heavy metals, and abscisic acid
Strong accumulation in developing sieve elements upon CLE45 peptide application in a BAM3-dependent manner
Exhibits a circadian pattern with zenith at around 5 pm and nadir at around 5 am in liver but not in testis, this oscillation is dependent on the circadian clock and on HERC2 regulation
Not up-regulated by Pi starvation
During growth inhibition caused by the exhaustion of any of a variety of nutrients (carbon, nitrogen, phosphate, sulfate, required amino acid) or by the presence of a variety of toxic agents. Positively regulated by guanosine 3',5'-bisphosphate (ppGpp) and by a RecA/FtsK-dependent regulatory pathway
Accumulates upon infection by generalist herbivores such as Spodoptera littoralis
Expression is induced by an intimate physical interaction of the fungal mycelia with the bacterium Streptomyces hygroscopicus (PubMed:19666480). Expression is repressed by VeA and MvlA via histone 3 acetylation by the SAGA/ADA complex (PubMed:23892751, PubMed:23841751)
Upon infection by virulent and avirulent races of pathogens, for example fungal pathogen C.fulvum
Constitutively expressed. Has no circadian rhythm expression pattern
Increased expression after 3 hours of phosphate starvation, no protein detected after 24 hours phosphate starvation (at protein level). Part of the pstS2-pknD operon
Expression is induced on squalestatin S1-producing YMG medium
Might be activated by XA21 in the nucleus upon pathogen infection (PubMed:19825552). Induced by biotic elicitors (e.g. fungal chitin oligosaccharide) (PubMed:23462973). Induced by pathogen infection (e.g. M.grisea and X.oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo)) (PubMed:16528562, PubMed:24093634). Accumulates after treatment with benzothiadiazole (BTH) and salicylic acid (SA) (PubMed:17601827, PubMed:16528562, PubMed:24093634). Transactivated by WRKY45 (PubMed:24093634)
Up-regulated in jejunum by dietary fructose intake (at protein level) (PubMed:18496516). Up-regulated in jejunum by dietary fructose intake (PubMed:18496516, PubMed:26071406). Up-regulated by dietary fructose intake in small intestine and testis (PubMed:12031501)
By ctnnb1
By ethylene, methyl jasmonate (MeJa), wounding and infection by a virulent strain of P.syringae pv maculicola
Decreased expression in the choroid plexus after penetrating injury in the central nervous system
Accumulates according to a robust circadian rhythm
Repressed in darkness. Induced by high light stress and during cold acclimation (at protein level)
Expression is repressed by thiamine
Oxygen is involved in the regulation of fixK expression. FixLJ strongly controls the transcription of fixK
Induced by salt stress (PubMed:16397796). Down-regulated by hydrogen peroxide in leaves (PubMed:25546583)
Overexpressed during growth on both D-xylose or L-arabinose compared to D-glucose. Significantly expressed during late stages of infection of barley leaves
By P.syringae pv. maculicola and pv. tomato. Induced by PAD4 locally at the infection site and in a salicylic acid-dependent manner systemically
By nitrogen and carbon starvation, and arginine, via the ArgR and Crp transcriptional regulators
Circadian-regulation with a peak at dusk
By ecdysone
Down-regulated in prostate cancer and medulloblastoma
By thyrotropin (TSH)
By growth at 3 degrees Celsius (PubMed:22564273), repressed by 6% NaCl (PubMed:22820328)
Induced by diamide, tau-butyl hydroperoxide, and menadione. However, at concentrations above 0.5 mM, menadione has an inhibitory effect on induction of trxA transcription
Dauer-inducing pheromone inhibits its expression and promotes dauer formation, whereas food reactivates its expression and promotes recovery from the dauer state
Repressed by darkness in roots and leaves, but increased ginsenosides accumulation. Repressed transiently by mevinolin (Mev)
Up-regulated by CXCL12 in prostate cancer cell lines
Induced in response of mechanical wounding. Induced by methyl jasmonate, a plant defense-related signaling molecule. Expressed under a diurnal rhythm (circadian clock control)
Not regulated by Pi starvation
Expression is high in white-phase cells and low in opaque-phase cells
By expression of p53/TP53 and by DNA damage in a TP53-dependent manner
Activated by a GATA-like transcription factor
Up-regulated in regulatory T-cells (Treg). Down-regulated during neural progenitor cell differentiation (PubMed:21258371)
Expression occurs in a growth-phase-dependent manner with optimal expression at post-exponential phase. Up-regulated by Agr (accessory gene regulator) and repressed by SarA (staphylococcal accessory regulator) and sigmaB factor
Induced by carbon starvation
Expression is greatly reduced following starvation
Isoform 1, isoform 3 and isoform 4 are induced by X-ray irradiation
Induced by soluble xylo-oligosaccharides, with beechwood xylan being the best inducer
Enhanced by heat stress but repressed by dehydration stress
By calcium
Activated by limf and repressed by ChLim
Induced by Pi starvation
By bacterial infection
Down-regulated by pathogen
Plasma AMH levels in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients are two- to threefold higher than in women with normal ovaries
Slightly repressed by glucose
Steady during exponential growth (at protein level), decreases as cells age in stationary phase. About 2-fold induced by cell-wall active agents cycloserine, ethambutol and isoniazid, 5-fold by starvation. Repressed by heat shock and SDS. Slightly repressed in hypoxia and in macrophage and mouse infection, slightly induced by NO and cAMP
At 37 degrees Celsius in the absence of calcium
Down-regulated in response to insulin
Not induced by wounding (PubMed:18267087). Induced by wounding (PubMed:24430866)
Up-regulated by hypoxia
In activated follicular B cells, expression is induced early after influenza virus infection (PubMed:23045607). Plasma levels are highly increased upon exercise, due to enhanced production by contracting skeletal muscles (PubMed:22037645)
By jasmonate, wounding, and cold, drought and salt stresses. Down-regulated by abscisic acid (ABA)
By abscisic acid (ABA) and drought stress
Up-regulated in response to K(+) limitation (PubMed:18633573, PubMed:21947979). Induced under desiccating conditions (PubMed:23757278)
Induced by amino acid starvation, glucose starvation, the DNA cross-linker mitomycin C (SOS response) and when translation is blocked. Induction is decreased in the absence of the Lon protease suggesting, by homology to other toxin-antitoxin systems, that Lon may degrade the YafN antitoxin. Transcription is negatively regulated by the cognate locus, probably by YafN. A member of the dinB-yafNOP operon; it has 2 promoters, 1 upstream of dinB and 1 specific for yafN-yfaO
Induced upon entry into stationary phase
Expression is increased during conidial swelling and germination in presence of human serum
Enzyme activity is low in early exponential phase and reached higher levels in the middle and late stages of exponential growth (at protein level). Repressed by glucose; induced by arginine, ornithine, or to a lesser extent proline (in the absence of glucose). Not induced by glutamate or glutamine (PubMed:9829940). Expression depends on the alternative sigma-L factor and the transcription factor RocR (PubMed:10468601). Subject to direct CcpA-dependent glucose repression (PubMed:15150224)
By drought, cold, high salinity and abscisic acid (ABA) treatments
Induced by iron starvation conditions. Transcriptionally repressed by IdeR and iron
Up-regulated during the first 7 days of nodulation
In response to DNA damage or genotoxic stress, such as UV irradiation or treatment with an alkylating agent, protein expression drastically drops
Down-regulated in root tissues but up-regulated in shoot tissues in response to cadmium (CdCl(2))
Part of the SigF regulon, induced by chlorite under positive control of SigF. Part of the probable yedZ1-yedY1-mrpX operon
In roots, upon sulfur starvation
By white light
Down-regulated 6 hours following staurosporine (STS) treatment and up-regulated 24 hours following STS treatment. Down-regulated 6 hours following beta-carotene treatment, while it is up-regulated 24 hours following beta-carotene treatment
By water stress, low temperature, heat shock, high salt and abscisic acid
By NaCl and mannitol
By abscisic acid (ABA)
By dehydration of shoots but not roots and not by heat shock or ABA
Induced by copper deficiency, ozone and senescence. Down-regulated by excess of copper
Up-regulated by cold stress and down-regulated by dehydration stress, salt stress, abscisic acid (ABA) and mannitol. Circadian regulation. Induced by hydrogen peroxide (at the protein level). Up-regulated under P.carotovorum SCC1 (Pec) infection
Up-regulated following injection with the Gram-negative bacterium E.coli. Up-regulation increases between 1 and 12 hours after the injection, then decreases between 12 and 48 hours, and then increases again at 72 hours
By estrogen (PubMed:11850811). Induced by proteasomal inhibitor MG132 (at protein level) (PubMed:16509823)
Induced by hypoxia leading to protein stability
Repressed by hypoxia
Induced by abscisic acid (ABA) and cold stress
By interferon
Expressed in both exponential and stationary phase; expression is slightly higher in exponential phase (at protein level)
Induced by glucose when readily available sources of nitrogen, such as ammonia or glutamine, are scarce
By interferon type I, type II and LPS
Expression of the gene is regulated by the two-component regulatory system SsrA/SsrB. It is also activated by SlyA and controlled by the two-component regulatory system PhoP/PhoQ
Induced by H(2)O(2) (PubMed:15840577). Induced by both chromate and the stationary phase (PubMed:14766567)
Induced upon starvation and slowed growth. cAMP/CRP-independent
Expression is increased by itraconazole (which targets the lanosterol demethylase CYP51/ERG11) and by zaragozic acid A (which targets the squalene synthase ERG9)
By T-cell activation (PubMed:8666674). Up-regulated by LIF (PubMed:19455659). Induced by IL1B (PubMed:29138114). Induced at higher levels by interleukin 12 in activated T cells (PubMed:9858509). Down-regulated by IL4 (PubMed:9858509)
Down-regulated by the cyanotoxin microcystin-LR
Expression is enhanced upon oxidative stress stimuli
The compound guanosine 5'-diphosphate 3'-diphosphate (ppGpp) is essential for the transcription of the bacABCDEF operon and BacG, and GTP regulates the transcription of both this operon and ywfH via the CodY-mediated regulation system
Expressed during both sexual and asexual development (PubMed:26773375). Expression is positively regulated by the secondary metabolism regulator laeA (PubMed:16426969, PubMed:17291795)
Induced by amino acid starvation and the protein synthesis inhibitor chloramphenicol
Present in both exponential and stationary phase (at protein level)
Expression is up-regulated during iron starvation and is controlled by the GATA-type transcription factor sreA and the Zinc cluster transcription factor acuM (PubMed:15504822, PubMed:18721228, PubMed:21062375)
By phenylethyl alcohol (PEA) in the olfactory sensory epithelium
Deletion of the conserved eukaryotic csnE deneddylase subunit of the COP9 signalosome leading to defect in protein degradation results in the activation of the silenced dba gene cluster (PubMed:23001671). Expression is positively regulated by the dba cluster specific transcription factor dbaA (PubMed:23001671). Expression is also controlled by the transcription factor flbB (PubMed:25701285)
Expression requires the sigma-E factor SigE
Expression is positively regulated by the secondary metabolism regulator LAE1 (PubMed:22713715)
Induced by the putative stalk-specific morphogen DIF (differentiation inducing factor)
Detected in log-phase B.subtilis cells (at protein level)
By cold stress. Down-regulated by salt stress
By abscisic acid (ABA), cold, drought and salt stresses
By hyperosmotic and hypo-osmotic stress
Expression at protein level is highly increased in brains of patients with Alzheimer disease. No changes are observed at mRNA level
By SHH. Also induced by NKX6-1 in the developing spinal cord, but not in the rostral hindbrain (By similarity)
During sporulation, plant infection and in response to hyperosmotic stress
Down-regulated during granulocytic regulation
Heat shock induces the synthesis of seven proteins at five otherwise inactive sites in the polytene chromosomes of fruit fly larvae. Two separate sites, producing two and three copies, respectively, code for the 70 kDa protein
Induced by galacturonate and negatively regulated by the KdgR repressor. Is subject to catabolite repression by glucose involving the ccpA gene
Up-regulated in response to myocardial infarction (MI)
By serum response factor SRF and myogenin. SRF binds to the CArG site and MYOG binds to the E-box element on SMYD1 promoter
Expressed in iron-deficient culture, but repressed in presence of iron (PubMed:12092808). Contains two GGATA sequences at -470 and -193 bp, consensus DNA-binding sites of GATA family transcription factor sreA which regulates siderophore biosynthetic genes and other genes involved in iron homeostasis (PubMed:12092808)
Induced by jasmonic acid (MeJA), salicylic acid (SA) and UV-C irradiation
Isoform 1 is up-regulated by chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) via the FXR transcription pathway. Isoform 2 is up-regulated by NF-kappa-B and in all stages of colorectal adenocarcinoma. Isoform 1 is not up-regulated in all stages of colorectal adenocarcinoma
Expression is positively regulated by brlA, a conidiation-specific transcription factor involved in the early stage of asexual development and necessary for conidiophore formation (PubMed:24612080). Expression is also induced by the cell wall integrity (CWI) signaling pathway that includes the mitogen-activated protein kinase mpkA and the transcription factor rlmA (PubMed:33705521). Expression is negatively regulated by the transcription factor sebA (PubMed:33705521)
Expressed only in the forespore compartment of sporulating cells
Induced by n-alkanes when cells grow fast during the exponential phase. Expression decreases significantly when cells reached the stationary phase of growth. Repressed by citrate
Part of the 17-gene eut operon transcribed from a single promoter, induced by ethanolamine and adenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl, vitamin B12)
By anaerobiosis and fumarate
Expression is repressed by iron (PubMed:23658520)
In roots by sulfate starvation or after selenate treatment
By biotic stresses
Up-regulated by light. Not under circadian regulation
The mdtABC operon is transcriptionally activated by BaeR
Positively regulated by sigma B factor
By CSF1 and lipopolysaccharides (LPS)
Up-regulated in response to high-fat diet in adipose tissue macrophages and in hepatic Kupffer cells (PubMed:17250804, PubMed:20813258). Up-regulated in response to either short- or long-term cold exposure in brown adipose tissue and inguinal white adipose tissue (PubMed:27853148). Up-regulated by ADRB3 agonist (PubMed:29343498)
Constitutively expressed, part of a 5 gene operon with multiple promoters. Not ethanol-stress induced
By phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)
Induced by sulfate, part of the yoaDCB operon
Expression is induced by copper deficiency and regulated by the CUF1 copper-dependent transcription factor (PubMed:21819456, PubMed:29608794). The CTR1 promoter harbors the Cu-responsive element (CuRE), which is critical for CUF1 binding and activation under copper-limiting conditions (PubMed:29608794)
Expression is down-regulated in presence of human keratinocytes
Induced in absence of iron
By IL-1 beta and thyroid hormone. Probably induced by dexamethasone, dihydrotestosterone, progesterone, retinoic acid and retinal. Repressed by the Notch-Hes signaling pathway
Induced by infection with the soil-born fungal pathogen Verticillium longisporum
Expression is induced in response to 2-benzoxasolinone (BOA) exposure (PubMed:25727347). Expression is also induced in response to 6-methoxy-2-benzoxazolinone (MBOA) and 2-aminophenol (2-AP) treatment (PubMed:26828593)
Represses its own transcription via a CodY-box in the promoter region
In leaves by drought stress
Expression is down-regulated by miR-27a-5p microRNA in natural killer (NK) cell lymphocytes in response to TGF-beta1
Expression is induced by the HAP43 transcription factor and repressed in response to high doses of peroxide stress
Regulated by E2F (PubMed:16179646, PubMed:16126853). Accumulates rapidly after cell cycle reactivation by sucrose addition following cell cycle arrest mediated by sucrose deprivation (PubMed:16179646, PubMed:15358564)
Expressed following a circadian rhythm with the highest level 4 hours into the light and the lowest level at the end of the night (PubMed:32064655). Induced by cadmium (PubMed:26484897). Induced by osmotic stress (PubMed:33924609)
By NGF in neuronal cells
Up-regulated during induction and maintenance of graft acceptance and down-regulated during graft rejection
Constitutively expressed. Up-regulated in response to salt stress and cold shock
Expression is up-regulated under spermine stress and depends on the pleiotropic drug resistance transcription factor PDR1 (PubMed:24576949)
By hypoxia
Up-regulated by TNF and IL1B
By xylose and arabinose, probably via the xylanolytic transcriptional activator XlnR. By ferulic acid, vanillic acid and other aromatic residues with the following substituants on the aromatic ring: a methoxy group at C-3, a hydroxy group at C-4 and an unsubstituted C-5. Repressed by simple sugars, probably via the carbon catabolite repressor protein CreA
By (-)-camphor and, to a lesser extent, by (+)-camphor
Up-regulated in the stem epidermis during active wax synthesis
Locus amb0974 is part of the probable 18 gene mamAB operon
Up-regulated by PAX6
Expressed during growth and early stationary phase
By 20-hydroxyecdysone
Serum inducible, and cycloheximide superinducible
Expression is cell cycle-regulated, with higher expression in G2-M phases
By heat shock and oxidative stress
Transcriptionally regulated by SigD; part of the yfmT/yfmS operon
By nerve injury; in Schwann cells
The promoter contains 4 ambient pH-regulated pacC-binding consensus motifs (GCCARG) and multiple cAMP-inducible C/EBP-binding motifs (CCAAT or CAAT). In addition, the promoter contains 3 MRAGGGR and 2 CATTCY consensus motifs that have been shown to serve as binding sites for the conidial formation-related brlA and abaA transcriptional activators (PubMed:18321192). Expression is up-regulated on exposure to light, in the presence of large amounts of glucose, during nitrogen starvation or at alkaline pH, all conditions highly conducive to elsinochrome accumulation (PubMed:18957608, PubMed:18321192, PubMed:20965063). Expression is positively regulated by the cluster-specific transcription factor TSF1 (PubMed:18957608). Expression is also positively regulated by the STE12 transcription factor in a TSF1-independent manner (PubMed:20965063)
Slight induction by manganese, copper or zinc deficiency. Inhibited upon iron deficiency and induced by iron overload
By heat shock (at protein level)
Induced by teicoplanin, vancomycin and oxacillin
Not down-regulated under iron deficiency
By interleukin-6
By the anticancer drug fluorouracil (5FU)
By various alkanes
By salt, wounding, abscisic acid, H(2)O(2) and salicylic acid (PubMed:12218065). Induced by aluminum (PubMed:25627216)
By fungal elicitor
During cell cycle progression is induced at the G1-S and G2-M transitions. Up-regulated in a panel of cancer cell lines
By nitrogen deprivation in roots
By cadmium
Expression increases in lungs following chronic hypoxia (PubMed:27742621). Expression in arteries increases in normal aging (PubMed:32679764)
Induced by the C2 sulfonates taurine, isethionate and sulfoacetate
Expression is highly induced upon exposure to voriconazole and itraconazole (PubMed:31501141). Is highly over-expressed in strain TIMM20092, an azole-resistant strain isolated in Switzerland (PubMed:31501141)
Not induced by stresses
Upon contact with the plant pathogen fungus Fusarium solani
Increased dramatically by cycloheximide (CHX) treatment within a short time (as early as 2 hours). Actinomycin D was used to determine the half-life, CHX treatment resulted in a dramatic increase of the half-life from 8 hours to greater than 12 hours
Transcribed during sporulation. May not be transcribed with the downstream gene (a ribosomal protein bS1 homolog), there is a probable transcription terminator between the 2 genes
Expression is positively regulated by the oxaleimides biosynthesis cluster-specific transcription factor poxB
Expression is up-regulated during infection
By TGF-beta
Down-regulated in mammary adenocarcinomas
By genotoxic stress and by DNA damage
By Gram-negative bacteria, in the respiratory epithelium (PubMed:22022271). Up-regulated during vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infection (PubMed:22464169)
Expression is regulated by the mother cell-specific transcription factors sigma K and GerE
Induced in roots by salt stress
By heat shock and tunicamycin. Not induced by carbon source starvation
Expression is down-regulated by dioctatin A (DotA), a metabolite of Streptomyces (PubMed:17660441)
Expression is positively regulated by the transcriptional regulator wor1 (PubMed:27274078). Expression is down-regulated during biotrophic growth within tomato leaves (PubMed:27997759)
Immediately upon microbial challenge with E.coli K-12. Expression increases 2.6-fold 6 hours after the challenge and 10.19-fold after 18 hours. No significant up-regulation in response to injury
By cytokinin in roots
Induced by riboflavin deficiency
Repressed by H-NS, induced by LeuO. Part of the rhsD-ybbC operon
By sucrose, nitrogen deficiency, ethylene, UV light and drought
Accumulates strongly in the root stele when exposed to iron (Fe)-deficient conditions (PubMed:24278034). Accumulates upon potassium ion (K) depletion (PubMed:15489280). Induced in roots by zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) ions (PubMed:18088336). Specifically activated in the roots upon colonization by nonpathogenic P.fluorescens WCS417r (PubMed:18218967)
By iron stress, salt stress and to a lesser extent by heat shock
By dexamethasone
Down-regulated by hydrogen peroxide in leaves
By TGF-beta. Regulated by Nodal in mesendoderm morphogenesis. Regulated by FOXH1, which acts as a negative regulator by recruiting GSC to promoter during early development
Induced by A.brassicicola, especially in cv. Di-G during compatible interaction
By TGF-beta in epithelial cells
Transcriptionally regulated by fur; repressed by iron
Induced by sugar starvation
Repressed by ComR. Induced by copper via release of ComR. Induced in biofilms and by several stress conditions
Up-regulated upon UV-B exposure
Up-regulated by auxin application
Expression increases during B-cell differentiation and is under the control of the B-cell specific transcription factors PAX5 and NF-kappa-B
Slightly induced by dark, abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA) (PubMed:20238146). Triggered by pathogen attack such as Pseudomonas syringae pv. Tomato DC3000 (PubMed:20238146)
Repressed by EthR
Repressed locally and systemically by phloem-translocated glutathione (GSH)
By 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) in kidney
Repressed by H-NS. Induced by heat shock
Expression requires either cleavage of the mRNA to liberate the ribosome binding site (RBS), or rapid translation before the hairpin in its 5' regulatory region can form. RNase 3 (rnc) is probably cleaves the RBS, while RNases J1/J2 (rnj1, rnj2) are involved in mRNA degradation
Up-regulated in macrophages stimulated with IFNG, GPI-mucins or bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS)
Encoded in the hsd locus, in the order hsdR-hsdM-hsdS. There is a promoter upstream of hsdR and another between hsdR and hsdM (PubMed:6255295). This probably allows expression of the methylase enzyme before the restriction-specific subunit (Probable)
By salt, drought and cold stresses, and abscisic acid (ABA)
Induced by DNA damage (at protein level)
Slightly induced by gibberellic acid (GA), jasmonic acid (JA, MeJA), nitrogen starvation and UV LIGHT treatment. Transiently repressed by salicylic acid (SA). Accumulates upon mechanical stimuli (e.g. wounding) in inflorescence. Down-regulated by sulfur-deficient stress
Induced, via LiaR, by antibiotics (vancomycin, bacitracin, nisin and ramoplanin), cationic antimicrobial peptides (human LL-37 and porcine PG-1), Triton X-100 and severe secretion stress
Expression is repressed by CEBPA
Down-regulated in response to low ELANE activity. Up-regulated by ELANE treatment in bone marrow cells
Up-regulated by light. Not regulated by circadian rhythm
By propanediol
By cholinergic agonists acting at inositol phosphate-linked muscarinic receptors in cardiac myocytes
By abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA) and wounding
The toxin locus has divergently transcribed operons maximally expressed during early stationary phase. This is part of the p47-ntnh-botA operon; no botA-specific transcript was seen (PubMed:15158256). The crude toxin extract was isolated from cells that had been growing statically for 96 hours (at protein level) (PubMed:19915042)
Induced by salt stress
Repressed by zinc via the metallo-regulatory protein zur
By type I and type III interferons
By D-xylose
Part of the CBASS operon consisting of capV-dncV-cap2-cap3
Expressed following oxidative stress under control of SigH
By melatonin
Ty1-DR6 is a highly expressed element. Induced under amino acid starvation conditions by GCN4
Expression is positively regulated by the acurin A cluster-specific transcription regulator acrR
Daily oscillation of protein abundance in plants grown in short days (SD) but not in long days (LD) (PubMed:12578985). Expression levels display circadian oscillations under constant conditions, with a low amplitude and a late phase, with maximal expression around the end of the light phase. Repressed by light (PubMed:11743105). In response to blue light and darkness, phosphorylated, ubiquitinated, and subsequently degraded (at protein level) in a SPA proteins-dependent manner (PubMed:20624951, PubMed:25792146, PubMed:22739826, PubMed:22311776). Transcripts levels oscillate weakly and proportionally to temperature, but protein levels are stable (PubMed:23511208). Accumulates in response to low blue light (LBL) and in low light (PubMed:26724867, PubMed:20935177)
By low potassium concentration
Strongly induced in monocyte-derived macrophages during cholesterol influx. Conversely, mRNA and protein expression are suppressed by lipid efflux. Induction is mediated by the liver X receptor/retinoid X receptor (LXR/RXR) pathway. Not induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Repressed by ZNF202
By bacterial infection, wounding, or bacterial cell wall components injection
Expression is positively regulated by flbD (PubMed:25277408)
Expression is down-regulated by the cluster protein AOL_s00215g275
Induced by growth on the sucrose isomers trehalulose, turanose, maltulose and palatinose
By Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000, Botrytis cinerea, flagellin, BTH and UV-C. Repressed by the transcription factors WRKY18 and WRKY40 upon infection with Golovinomyces orontii
Regulated by the circadian clock at warm growth temperatures as direct targets of CCA1, with highest levels from noon to dusk (PubMed:27837007, PubMed:27990760). Repressed by CCA1 at the transcription level via chromatin binding and in a temperature-dependent way (PubMed:27837007, PubMed:27990760). Induced by cold (PubMed:12172015, PubMed:16121258, PubMed:27837007). Induced by abscisic acid (ABA) (PubMed:17304219). Transcription is repressed by blue and red lights, but induced by darkness; by contrast, present at low levels in darkness but accumulates in blue light (at protein level) due to transcription auto-repression (PubMed:27837007)
Expression induced by arginine in an ArgR-dependent manner (27-fold). Induced to a much lesser extent by ornithine, glutamate, and aspartate (1.7- to 5-fold)
Down-regulated in omental and subcutaneous fat of obese animals
By copper
Regulated by RAM1 during arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) formation after inoculation with Rhizophagus irregularis
Transcribed at slowly increasing levels as cells progress from lag to exponential to stationary phase
Up-regulated by auxin treatment
Strongly induced by a wide range of stress signals: nitric-oxide, gamma- and UV irradiation, hydrogen peroxide, adriamycin and cytokines and this induction is dependent on p53/TP53. Expression is low in resting cells and increases almost 50-fold as the cells progress through the S phase
By salicylic acid, benzo (1,2,3) thiadiazole-7-carbothioc acid S-methyl ester, jasmonic acid, and abscisic acid
By auxin (PubMed:8159792, PubMed:8612592, PubMed:9278170). Induced by epi-brassinolide (epi-BL) (PubMed:22961663). Induced by cycloheximide (PubMed:8159792)
Induced in roots during nodulation triggered by low nitrogen and infection with Sinorhizobium meliloti
Expression is repressed by ZEB2
Up-regulated by abiotic stress (wounding) in transgenic Dau c 1.01 or Dau c 1.02 gene-silenced carrot roots, and to a lesser extent in wild-type roots. Up-regulated slightly in transgenic Dau c 1.01 or Dau c 1.02 gene-silenced carrot roots in response to biotic stress (infection with A.radicina)
Slightly induced in response to chitosan
By prolactin and androgen; inhibited by estrogen
By p53 when exposed to different DNA damaging agents, including gamma irradiation and chemotherapeutic drugs
By thyroid hormone
Repressed by fur in the presence of iron
Induced by salt stress in shoots and roots (PubMed:20472577). Induced by treatment with jasmonate (PubMed:28786735)
Up-regulated by gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)
Down-regulated by spr-1, spr-3, spr-4 and spr-5
Repressed by continuous light
Autoregulated
Up-regulated by abscisic acid
Constitutively expressed (PubMed:9811661). Induced upon hyperosmotic conditions, but the already high maximal uptake capacity is not further elevated, indicating that the amount of EctP is not changed (PubMed:17390131)
By glyoxylate and allantoin under anaerobic conditions
Up-regulated by degradation or export of cholesterol
Produced in the A cells of the islets of Langerhans in response to a drop in blood sugar concentration
By abscisic acid (ABA), and osmotic stress (e.g. polyethylene glycol PEG). Slight transient repression by salt (NaCl)
Cell cycle-regulated with a peak of transcription at the G1/S boundary
By auxin
By dehydration and salt stress
Expression is induced in loline alkaloid-producing cultures as well as in planta (PubMed:15654104)
By interferon gamma
In keratinocytes, by wounding or contact with collagen
Up-regulated by PQS
Expression increases approximately 3-fold upon entry into G1 phase compared with other phases of the cell cycle. Also induced following inhibition of mitochondrial protein synthesis by thiamphenicol
Expression is regulated by zinc (PubMed:11937503, PubMed:15276077, PubMed:25582195). Up-regulated by endoplasmic reticulum stress (PubMed:16636052)
Up-regulated by heavy metals such as Cu(2+) and Cd(2+), but Zn(2+) and Co(2+) have no effect. Forms part of an operon with ctsR, mcsA and clpC, which is repressed by CtsR
Up-regulated by IFN-alpha. Up-regulated in response to viral infection, including Sendai virus and bovine viral diarrhea virus
By high-pressure
Up-regulated by Ca(2+) (PubMed:17713573). Down-regulated by epidermal growth factor/EGF (PubMed:17713573)
Repressed by prolactin
Constitutively expressed during exponential growth. Encoded in an operon with ydiS and ydjA
Up-regulated by dehydration and salt stresses
Declines within 8 hours of imbibition in a gibberellin-dependent manner. Induced by dehydration but not by cold in germinating seeds, and induced by both dehydration and cold in leaves
Repressed by HBP or sulfate (Probable). Part of the dszA-dszB-dszC operon. This protein is expressed at high levels (at protein level) (PubMed:17420595)
Expression oscillates in a circadian manner in the liver with peak levels seen at CT12
By insulin
Transcriptionally regulated by PDR8
By arginine or homoarginine
By hypertrehalosemic hormone and starvation
Positively regulated by the transcriptional regulatory protein EmbR
Circadian-regulation. Peak of transcript abundance near subjective dawn. Up-regulated transiently by light
Up-regulated by heat-shock
microRNA 396 (miR396a or miR396b) negatively regulates growth-regulating factors (GRF1-4 and GRF7-9). Up-regulated in response to cyst nematode infection
By limited inorganic carbon availability
Repressed in darkness. Accumulates during leaf senescence. Induced during cold acclimation (at protein level)
Repressed by LexA, induced by DNA damage; it has 2 LexA binding sites both of which bind LexA with high affinity in a cooperative manner
(Microbial infection) mRNA levels increase in response to P.gingivalis challenge while protein expression decreases, suggesting proteasomal degradation in response to P.gingivalis infection of gingival epithelial cells
In seedling roots and seedling leaves, induced by salt stress (PubMed:14610885, PubMed:7870812, PubMed:9218720, PubMed:17426956). In seedling roots induced by abscisic acid (ABA) (PubMed:7870812, PubMed:9218720, PubMed:17426956). Induced by cold stress (PubMed:17426956)
Part of the rpsP-rimM-trmD-rplS operon
Not regulated by circadian rhythm, photoperiod or vernalization
Expression is under the control of the azaphilone cluster-specific transcription factor azaR (PubMed:22921072)
Repressed by herbicides such as flufenacet and benfuresate
By chitin
The expression of the ergot alkaloid synthesis cluster which leads to the synthesis of fumigaclavines is positively regulated by the brlA and stuA transcription factors (PubMed:19028996)
Repressed by SinR
Accumulates in roots during colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (e.g. Glomus intraradices)
Up-regulated by estradiol
By interferon type I, type II and LPS. Induced by infection with spring viremia of carp virus, presumably through type I interferon pathway
Induced by pathogen infection, H(2)O(2) and salicylic acid
Induced by TP53/p53 in response to oxidative stress and DNA damage
Induced by Phytophthora parasitica-derived necrosis and ethylene-inducing peptide (NLPPp) and microbe-associated molecular patterns (e.g. flg22)
Expression is induced by L-tyrosine
Strongly up-regulated under hypoxic conditions and in white but not opaque cells (PubMed:16854431, PubMed:19798425). Repressed by exposure to caspofungin (PubMed:15917516). Expression is probably regulated by EFG1 since SUN41 has 9 E-boxes in its promoter (PubMed:12492856)
By RpoS-dependent mechanism on stationary phase on the contrary to the second lysine decarboxylase CadA which is not induced by RpoS
By poly(RI), poly(RC) and Newcastle disease virus
By a subset of cytokines including EPO, leptin, LIF, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IGF1, growth hormone and prolactin
Silenced by the DNA-binding protein H-NS under standard growth conditions
By treatment with salicylic acid (SA), abscisic acid (ABA), iron, copper and UV-C. Induced by wounding, oxidative stress, infection with incompatible P.syringae and treatment with the fungal phytotoxin victorin
Expression is increased in rice-extract medium (REM) and is correlated with the production of pyriculol
Highly up-regulated during osteoclast differentiation
Up-regulated on pre-germinal center B-cells in a CD40-dependent manner. Up-regulated and down-regulated in Th17 cells by TGFB1 and IL2 respectively
Expression is regulated by the developmental regulators flbB and flbE (PubMed:23676908)
Up-regulated by agonists that activate NR1H3. Up-regulated by a fat-free high-carbohydrate diet. Not down-regulated by a high-carbohydrate diet supplemented with unsaturated fatty acids. Down-regulated by leptin
Up-regulated by Fe(3+)
Activated by Sonic hedgehog
Induced by bile acids such as cholate
By lactose
By activin. Down-regulated indirectly by bmp-4 signaling, mediated via vent1
By UVB
Down-regulated by treatment with gibberellin (GA3) (at protein level) (PubMed:12684786). Induced by hydrogen peroxide (PubMed:21972902)
Expressed in a circadian manner in the liver with a peak at ZT4
By p-hydroxyphenylacetate, succinate semialdehyde (SSA) and putrescine. Highly expressed under several stress conditions together with many genes related to the metabolism of nitrogen compounds
Induced upon copper deprivation
By DNA damage in a p53/TP53-dependent manner. Up-regulated following ionizing radiation in primary squamous cell carcinoma of the lung and in various colon cancer cell lines
Not regulated by auxin
Expression is highly induced during artificial growth in symbiosis with Populus, which is close to its natural condition
Expression is up-regulated during iron starvation (PubMed:20507510)
The translocator domain alone accumulates during growth under iron-limiting conditions, cell-associated full-length protein accumulates later (at protein level)
Induced by the two-component regulatory system CreC/CreB
Expression is under control of the CSY1 amino-acid sensor (PubMed:14871944, PubMed:28028545). Induced during biofilm development (PubMed:22265407). Expression is repressed by nitrogen sources (PubMed:28028545). Expression is repressed by the antifungal agents ketoconazole and flucytosine (PubMed:15917516). Expression is also regulated by NRG1 and TUP1 (PubMed:15814841)
When grown in ethanolamine and adenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl) (at protein level). Note this experiment was done in strain JM109, which expresses the eut operon
Up-regulated by p53
By heat shock. Repressed by glucose
By abscisic acid, osmotic stress and environmental stresses such as dehydration, salinity and low temperature
By abiotic stresses
Induced by transcription factors MSN2 and MSN4 in stationary phase and by transcription factors MSN2, MSN4 and HAA1 upon weak-acid stress. Up-regulated by low pH
Down-regulated in some primary cancers; due to aberrant methylation in primary colon cancers, astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas as well as in cancers of the colon, prostate and gastric regions, and glial cell lines. Expression reactivated on treatment with a demethylating drug, 5-azacytidine
Up-regulated in epithelial cells after skin injury. Keratinocyte mitogens
Induced by cadmium
Up-regulated in response to hypertonic stress
Up-regulated following infection of host macrophages
Negatively autoregulated
Down-regulated by high temperature. Up-regulated by salicylic acid, AgNO(3), chitin, cycloheximide, ozone, syringolin, salt stress and upon pathogen or nematode infection
Highly repressed by CodY
By estrogen
Induced by EGF growth factor at mRNA and protein levels (PubMed:21323578). Induced by androgens (PubMed:22155408). Negatively regulated by the microRNA miR-132 (PubMed:25450365)
Up-regulated by elicitor, methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid
Highly expressed under trichothecene-producing conditions
Up-regulated upon infection of human monocytes
In macrophages, during infection by mouse hepatitis virus strain 3 (MHV-3)
Induced by GlcNAc(2). Also induced, to a lesser extent, by colloidal chitin
Not expressed while still submerged, accumulates during aerial hyphae formation on minimal medium, no transcript detected during sporulation (PubMed:12832396). During aerial hyphae formation and early sporulation on rich medium, under control of ECF sigma factor BldN (PubMed:12832397). Expression depends on bldB but not bldA, bldD or bldH (at protein level) (PubMed:17462011)
By CSF3/G-CSF (PubMed:7510105). Up-regulated in CD4(+) T-cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with visceral leishmaniasis (PubMed:32839608)
Is slightly up-regulated when the bacterium is grown on t4LHyp or t3LHyp as sole carbon source
Accumulates in roots after methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment
Induced 30 minutes after flagellin treatment
By brassinosteroids
Expression is temperature-independent
Expressed during infection of host plant and non-sporulating growth, upon nitrogen starvation, in mating culture, in mycelium as well as in ungerminated sporangia
At the onset of stationary growth phase
Up-regulated 6 to 9 hours after elicitor-treatment and then declines by 12 hours
Expression is up-regulated upon hyphal competency and drastically increased during conidiation (PubMed:24123270). Expression is controlled by brlA, the master regulator of conidiophore development, and is responsive to the copper level in the medium (PubMed:24123270)
The probable operon is induced by urea
Expression is maximal in early exponential growth phase and declines with cell density to reach a plateau in the stationary growth phase. Induced by the C(4)-dicarboxylates succinate, fumarate and malate. Positively regulated by RpoN and the DctB/DctD two-component system. Negatively autoregulated
Not regulated by light during bud burst
Up-regulated upon Sv2a depletion
Is under the dual control of the transcriptional repressors LutR and SinR, which allows the lutABC operon to be induced during both growth in liquid culture and biofilm formation. Is induced by L-lactate, which relieves LutR repression
By mesoderm-inducers including t/bra, and both FGF and TGF-beta family members. FGF signaling is not required for initial expression in the dorsal marginal zone, but is required for its continued expression during mid to late gastrula stages
By superoxide
By Tetranychus urticae-induced volatiles, T.urticae infestation, ethylene, jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), and wounding
Down-regulated by drought in 30 days after fertilization seeds. Not regulated by drought in leaves, cotyledons, hypocotyls and roots
During wound-healing and by factors which induce suberization
Induced by wounding, feeding with herbivorous insects, infection with the fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea and infection with the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000
Up-regulated upon differentiation into neuronal cells in the presence of retinoic acid and BDNF. Down-regulated upon differentiation into astroglial cells
Repressed by alkaline pH and in presence of ammonia
Induced by thermal stress (PubMed:20439478). Repressed by oxidative stress (PubMed:20439478)
Induced by growth on D-sorbitol
Up-regulated upon B-cell receptor cross-linking
Expression induced by marR
By starvation
Induced by zinc oxide nanoparticles in intestinal cells (PubMed:24333255). However, not induced by zinc or cadmium (PubMed:26907254)
Expression is induced during iron deprivation (PubMed:18404210)
By activators of Toll-like receptors, such as lipoteichoic acid (LTA) (TLR2), polyinosine-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C), a synthetic analog of dsRNA) (TLR3) and bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) (TLR4), and by TNF (PubMed:14662828). Up-regulated in osteoblasts after exposure to invasive, but not invasion-defective, strains of Salmonella typhimurium (at protein level) (PubMed:17907925). In macrophages, up-regulated by endocannabinoid anandamide/AEA (PubMed:23955712)
(Microbial infection) In COVID-19 patient derived macrophages, expression is induced by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, probably via TLR2 (at protein level)
Not induced by auxin
By dehydration and cold treatment (PubMed:9545564). By drought and high salinity conditions, with maximal expression after 1 and 2 hours of exposure to these conditions. Expression in leaves decreases after exposure to the high salinity and abscisic acid (ABA) treatment, but expression in roots remain at a constant level (PubMed:19901034)
Induced by TGF-beta treatment in bone marrow macrophages
Directly regulated by MYC: expression is activated by MYC, suggesting the existence of a feedback regulatory loop
During p53/TP53-induced apoptosis
By auxin in root phloem
During infection of the host cells. Down-regulated by itself. Activated by Mg(2+) starvation in a phoP dependent manner
By salt
Expression is increases towards the late stages of rye plants infection (PubMed:27390873). Expression is positively regulated by the thioclapurine cluster-specific transcription factor tcpZ (PubMed:27390873)
Down-regulated by cytokinins and up-regulated by auxin. Not induced by nitrate
Up-regulated by IL4 and CSF2 in monocytes/macrophages. Down-regulated by bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and TNF in monocytice-derived dendritic cells. Up-regulated by MYB
Induced by gibberellic acid (GA) but repressed by nitrogen (N) (PubMed:24179095). Accumulates in roots in response to nitrate and ammonium chloride NH(4)Cl depletion and to osmotic stress (e.g. mannitol). Repressed in shoots by nitrogen starvation (PubMed:24179096)
Is up-regulated when the bacterium is grown on t4LHyp or t3LHyp as sole carbon source
May be induced under zinc-limiting conditions; in that case may be repressed by the zinc uptake regulation protein zur
Expression is up-regulated more than 10 fold in toxin producing cultures
By gibberellin (GA3) and wounding
Slightly repressed during the first 2 days after bacterial or Nod factor treatment
Upon tetraethylammonium (TEA) treatment
mRNA synthesis is suppressed during retinoic acid-mediated orthokeratotic conversion of tail scale epidermis
By arsenite and antimonite
By cyanide and propionitrile
By thyroid hormone (T3)
Gene expression is repressed by H-NS, activated by itself. More highly expressed in minimal than rich medium, poorly expressed in exoponential growth, levels increase in stationary phase (at protein level)
By stress conditions; heat shock, ultraviolet and oxidative stress (PubMed:1670771). Induced by hyperosmotic stress (0.5 M sorbitol) under control of hik34 and rre1 (PubMed:15471853). Induced by salt stress (0.5 M NaCl) under control of hik34 and rre1 (PubMed:15805106)
In hepatoblastoma Hep-G2 cells, down-regulated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)
Transiently induced by thiol-oxidant diamide, under control of SigR. Also induced when mycothiol is oxidized or conjugated
Upon viral infection
By low temperatures, 0 degree Celsius
By UV treatment
By auxin and ethylene
Induced by FKF1 (PubMed:25850808). Down-regulated by DLF1 (PubMed:25036785). During the basic vegetative growth phase (BVP, photoperiod-insensitive phase), suppressed via phytochrome-mediated light signals involving the phytochromobilin synthase HY2 (PubMed:25573482)
Up-regulated by low K(+) stress
By jasmonic acid (JA). Up-regulated in leaves infected by the pathogen M.oryzae
By 4-NP in the presence of NphR
By cold stress
Both isoforms down-regulated during muscle development. Up-regulated after denervation
Induced in strobilurin-producing conditions (on CGC medium after 6 days of growth)
Transcriptionally regulated by sigma-D factor
Activity increases during mitosis
During exponential-phase growth; repressed by ammonium
Expressed during stationary phase (at protein level)
Up-regulated by TNF, bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) (at protein level)
By p53/TP53 and p73/TP73. Directly activated by p53/TP53. Significantly down-regulated in tumor cell lines by methylation-dependent transcriptional silencing
Strongly up-regulated by PGN from B.subtilis. Weakly or not expressed in normal conditions. Regulated by the imd/Relish pathway
The concentration of CRP in plasma increases greatly during acute phase response to tissue injury, infection or other inflammatory stimuli
By wounding or by jasmonic acid (JA) treatment
Expression is induced during conidiospore formation (PubMed:9501518). Significantly up-regulated expression with colloidal chitin and chito-oligomers, namely N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc), N,N'-diacetylchitobiose (GlcNAc)2 and N,N',N''-triacetylchitotriose (GlcNAc)3. Expression is not affected by changes in the levels of reactive oxygen species or in the glutathione-glutathione disulfide redox balance, the changes which are physiological characteristics developing in aging and autolyzing fungal cultures. Down-regulated by the oxidative-stress-generating agent diamide, but not by menadione or hydrogen peroxide (PubMed:17455791)
During squamous differentiation of epidermal keratinocytes
Full expression of gldA is achieved by induction with hydroxyacetone and stationary-phase growth conditions
By low phosphate level
Up-regulated by fentanyl. Down-regulated by miR-190
Expressed at a higher level in a phoP disruption mutant than in the wild type
By cholesterol
By abiotic stresses such as chilling, heat-shock and salts (selenate and NaCl)
By cytokinins
Down-regulated upon cold exposure in brown adipose tissue in Zucker lean rats. Down-regulated by dexamethasone
By addition of L-amino acids after nitrogen starvation, by starvation in phosphate buffer and by the addition of protein synthesis inhibitors, D-amino acids, or ATP
Induced by RhaR in response to L-rhamnose. Binding of the cAMP receptor protein (CRP) is required for full expression
Induced by phthalate and repressed by glucose
Up-regulated during senescence
Induced during thermal stress (at protein level) (PubMed:7883049, PubMed:9276477). Induced by oxidative stress (hydrogen peroxide, sodium arsenite) (at protein level) (PubMed:9276477). Induced by copper stress (at protein level) (PubMed:9276477). Induced by protein synthesis inhibitor (cycloheximide) (PubMed:9276477)
Induced during development under sigma-K control and negatively regulated by GerE
Up-regulated by COMP
Expression is repressed by E2F6
Accumulates during Botrytis cinerea infection
By ischemia
Positively autoregulated. Induced upon nitrogen starvation
By tumor necrosis factor/TNF in cells
By propionate
Induced between 4 and 8 hours after treatment with auxin and remains high for at least 24 hours
In the presence of pentalenolactone (PL)
Circadian-regulation. Expression is higher during the light phase than during the dark phase
By TMAO and DMSO
Negatively regulated by YtrA
Upon cytokine stimulation
Expression is co-regulated with the other genes from the sirodesmin cluster and corresponds with sirodesmin production (PubMed:15387811)
During cell proliferation
Up-regulated during S-phase
By the nuclear respiratory factors NRF1 and NRF2/GABPB2 and PGC-1 coactivators
Up-regulated by salt, sorbitol, and abscisic acid (ABA)
Part of the probable nrdI(ymaA)-nrdE-nrdF-ymaB operon. Expression is constitutive but low, dramatically induced by thymidine starvation which requires recA
Up-regulated by the GmPep914 peptide, ethephon, methyl jasmonate and methyl salicylate
Associated with fruit ripening, but unresponsive to auxin treatment in vegetative tissue
By dithiothreitol-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response (PubMed:22050533, PubMed:24153418). Induced by tunicamycin-induced ER stress response (PubMed:24153418)
Up-regulated upon exposure to O(2). Repressed by PerR
Induced during exponential growth
Up-regulated upon infection by oomycetes, but not by bacterial or fungal pathogens
Expression is induced during late sexual development in the dark (PubMed:26773375)
Could be transcriptionally regulated by AbgR
Stress-induced increase in the mitochondrial levels is seen
By the DNA damaging agent mitomycin C
Down-regulated by Li(+) and inositol
Expression is up-regulated during co-cultivation of A.fumigatus with Streptomyces rapamycinicus that triggersthe production of the polyketide fumigermin during the bacterial-fungal interaction
Induced by growth on methanol or acetate
Expression is regulated by the aurofusarin biosynthesis cluster-specific transcription facto aurR1/GIP2 (PubMed:16461721)
Up-regulated at the transcriptional level by TP53
Weakly expressed during exponential growth in rich medium, stops at onset of stationary phase. In minimal medium is more strongly expressed and continues into stationary phase, part of the ychF-rpsF-ssbA-rpsR operon (PubMed:14762004)
Expressed with a circadian rhythm showing a peak in the evening
Induced by osmotic shock (0.8 M NaCl) and by heat shock (52 degrees Celsius)
Induced at least fivefold by indole in a dose-dependent manner
Expressed at all stages of growth
Up-regulated by jasmonate, wounding and herbivory
(Microbial infection) Triggered to degradation by the pathogenic Pseudomonas syringae HopZ1a protein in a COI1-dependent manner, thereby activating host jasmonate signaling
Transcribed at high levels in rapidly growing cells, but is indetectable in stationary-phase cells
Up-regulated in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in bronchoalveolar fluid (at protein level)
By ammonium or glutamine supply in roots
By acidic conditions. Could be induced by EvgA via the induction of YdeO (By similarity)
By nitrogen starvation, and arginine. Induced at stationary phase by sigma S
By iron stress
By de-achening. Down-regulated by synthetic auxin naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA)
By viral or other interferon-inducing stimulation in most cell types (at protein level). Down-regulated by ebola virus GP protein
Upon interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) treatment
By abscisic acid
By sucrose
Expression is persistently induced 90 min after the addition of the ABA precursor mevalonic acid (MVA) to the medium
Repressed by herbicides such as flufenacet and benfuresate (PubMed:12916765). Up-regulated by osmotic stress and down-regulated by low temperature, salt and darkness (PubMed:18465198)
By DNA-damaging agents and by the entry of cells into the stationary growth phase
Expression is low but constitutive, and repressed by VapB-VapC. Member of the vapB-vapC operon
By bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS)
Following tissue damages of the skin
Up-regulated by inducers of the unfolded protein response (UPR), including tunicamycin and thapsigargin
More highly expressed in exponential than stationary phase, it is induced 2-fold in response to model apple juice (pH 3.5)
Up-regulated by TLRs agonists
Repressed by abscisic acid (ABA) and drought stress
Expressed during infection of barley and Brachypodium (PubMed:28802024)
Induced 1.6-fold by hydroxyurea
Induced by light, nitrogen, and cytokinin (benzyladenine) treatments, but repressed by darkness and gibberellin (GA)
Induced about 3-fold when stationary phase cells bind to hydrophobic surfaces; requires direct contact with hydrophobic surfaces for up-regulation of Cpx activity (PubMed:11830644)
Expression is induced in biofilm
Up-regulated by chitin
Up-regulated by sulfur deprivation
By gibberellins
By phenanthrene
By isooctane
A class 3 flagellar gene, it is dependent on the master transcriptional regulators FlhC and FlhD, and then FliA for expression. Induced in early post-exponential phase at both 28 and 37 degrees Celsius, it shuts down later than class 1 and class 2 operon genes. Expression has to be shut down for adhesive curli fimbriae to be induced, i.e. on solid medium where biofilms form. Repressed by RpoS
Up-regulated by NEUROG3 and NEUROD1
Expressed with a circadian rhythm, with peak expression 10 hours from the beginning of the night
By iron
Positively regulated by cell integrity signaling through MPK1 in response to cell wall perturbation. Induction is dependent on transcription factor RLM1. Down-regulated during anaerobic growth. Up-regulated by low pH
Down-regulated by sterols
During the interaction with the intracellular environment of host cells
By IFN-alpha, IFNB1/IFN-beta and IFNG/IFN-gamma. Down-regulated by p53/TP53
Expression is sigma G-dependent
Transcriptionally up-regulated by immune challenge
Up-regulated via the HIF1A signaling pathway in response to hypoxia
By gibberellic acid (GA)
By interferons
Induced by Pseudomonas syringae tomato (both virulent and avirulent avrRpt2 strains), independently of PAD4. Ethylene induction is completely dependent on functional ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE2 (EIN2), ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE3 (EIN3), which is itself a transcription factor and CORONATIVE-INSENSITIVE1 (COI1) proteins. Induction by jasmonate, B.cinerea or F.oxysporum as well as the synergistic induction by ethylene and jasmonate requires EIN2 and COI1. Induction by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is independent of JAR1. Induction by salicylic acid (SA) is dependent on NPR1 but not on PAD4. Seems not to be induced by Alternaria brassicicola
Up-regulated by glucose and palmitic acid. Up-regulated by PPARD
By nicotinate
Component of the Rv3654c-Rv3660c operon that is highly up-regulated during M.tuberculosis infection of macrophages
Induced by chronic electroconvulsive seizure (ECS) treatment (PubMed:16687504). Induced in the hippocampus by novelty exposure and spatial learning (PubMed:26446228)
By UV light (PubMed:10075719). Down-regulated by NPAS4 (PubMed:25088421)
Expression is induced by the azasperpyranone cluster A-specific transcription factor ATEG_07666 which is itself regulated by the azasperpyranone transcriptional regulator ATEG_07667
By the removal of auxins
Transcription is increased specifically in response to 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and its indicator compounds 1,3-DNB, 2,4-DNT, and 2,6-DNT
Expression is very low in excess nitrogen (glutamate plus ammonia) and is induced during limiting-nitrogen conditions (glutamate). Expression decreases when allantoin is added during limiting-nitrogen conditions
By amino acid starvation
Transcripts accumulate during carbon stress conditions
Induced by formate
By retinoic acid. Expression is up-regulated in P19 cells during neural differentiation upon retinoic acid treatment (at the protein level)
By tunicamycin
Up-regulated in injured skeletal muscles and peripheral nerve
By calcium and UVB
By hypertonic stress
Transcribed from 2 promoters; expression from the stronger promoter is induced when aerial hyphae became visible and then declines. Expressed during exponential growth but decreases during stationary phase in liquid culture
Expression is regulated by the cluster-specific regulator verZ
Transiently induced by estrogen, with levels peaking an hour after hormone injection
Up-regulated upon milbemycins A3 oxim derivative (A3Ox) treatment
Induced by amino acid starvation. Induced by the protein synthesis inhibitors chloramphenicol, kanamycin and to a lesser extent by spectinomycin
A monocistronic transcript that is strongly expressed
Temperature seems to play the major role in regulation of transcription of the lcrE-containing operon of pYV, whereas Ca(2+) concentration has only a moderate effect at 37 degrees Celsius, and no effect at room temperature
By cyanide
By thermal stress
Down-regulated by auxin
By cold, UV, flagellin, jasmonic acid (JA), and salicylic acid (SA) treatments
Up-regulated during adipocyte differentiation in an in vitro preadipocyte differentiation model
Up-regulated by continuous exposure to growth hormone
Seems to be repressed by AS2 and AS1 but induced by STM, CUC1 and CUC2
Expression is positively regulated by the cluster-specific transcription factor tenR and is induced during cocultures with the natural competitor fungus Metarhizium robertsii
By methyl jasmonate (MeJA), and drought and salt stresses (PubMed:21332845, PubMed:19618278). Induced by wounding (PubMed:19618278)
By fructose
Expression is induced by activation of the Ras-Raf signaling pathway, and this may require JUN and JUNB. Expression can be repressed by E2F1, E2F2, E2F3 and E2F4. Expression is also repressed by non-classical inhibitors of NF-kappa-B signaling such as doxorubicin, daunorubicin and UVC, and by the NF-kappa-B p65 subunit (RELA)
Expression is strongly induced under conditions of nitrogen starvation (PubMed:17850255). Expression is positively regulated by the cluster-specific transcription factor rua1 that recognizes and binds to the specific 5'-T/G-G/T-C-G-C-A-T-A/T-C/T-C/T-G/A-3' upstream activating sequence found in all promoters of the UA biosynthesis genes (PubMed:20173069)
Down-regulated by ABA in roots (PubMed:15084714). Induced during incompatible interaction with the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Ref.2)
Induced by treatment with gibberellin (GA3)
Induced by abiotic stresses such as cold-stress, cycloheximide and sodium chloride (NaCl). Induction by abscisic acid (ABA) is repressed by cytokinin such as kinetin (at protein level)
Expression is positively regulated by the fumisoquins biosynthesis specific transcription factor fsqA (PubMed:25582336)
Increased in the prefrontal cortex of rat chronically treated with amphetamines
Not induced by sucrose, methyl jasmonate or wounding
Phycocyanin-2 is expressed in red but not in green light (inducible phycocyanin)
Suppressed by juvenile hormone
Up-regulated in the dopamine D1 and D2 receptor-containing neurons of nucleus accumbens shell after spinal nerve ligation
By infection with bacterial pathogen P.syringae
By cytokinin, gibberellin (GA3) and submergence. Down-regulated by the replication blocking agent hydroxyurea
Expression is regulated by light and circadian rhythms. Peak expression in the suprachiasma nucleus (SCN) and eye at the day/night transition (CT12)
By glycerol. Not subjected to glucose catabolite repression
It is induced 4 hours after macrophage infection
Expression is positively regulated by the transcriptional regulator wor1 (PubMed:24521437, PubMed:27274078). Expression is down-regulated during biotrophic growth within tomato leaves (PubMed:27997759). The expression is induced at later stages of infection when conidiophores emerge from the plant and produce conidia (PubMed:24465762)
By low levels of ethylene and submergence
By Ammonium chloride
Up-regulated by lycopene
Up-regulated by BDNF in cortical neurons (at protein level) (PubMed:20007471). Up-regulated under hypoxic conditions in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, a physiological conditions encountered by these cells in the endosteum (at protein level) (PubMed:23486467). In brown and sucutaneous white adipose tissues, down-regulated when environmental temperature rises from cold to thermoneutrality (PubMed:26584636). Up-regulated in adipose tissue by insulin through a post-transcriptional mechanism (PubMed:27322061). Expression levels increase in the fed state and decline after fasting (PubMed:26584636)
Repressed by darkness and sucrose
Up-regulated in response to c-Myc and by partial hepatectomy
By fungal cell walls
Down-regulated in medulloblastoma (MB)
Induced during infection of poplar leaves, with highest expression observed four days post inoculation
Transcription is repressed by glucose and by the binding of AraR to the operon promoter. L-arabinose acts as an inducer by inhibiting the binding of AraR to the DNA, thus allowing expression of the gene
Up-regulated by estrogen
Strongly reduced in roots after 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) treatment and after benzyladenine (BA) treatment. Strongly induced in shoots after NaCl treatment
In response to DNA damage in a wild-type p53/TP53-dependent manner
Induced in absence of non-fermentable carbon sources including glycerol, lactate, and acetate (at protein level) (PubMed:30270044). Expression is regulated by zinc levels (PubMed:17938904)
RamB represses its own expression. Additionally, ramB expression is subject to carbon source-dependent positive control by RamA
Down-regulated after exposure to far-red light. Subject to a negative feedback regulation by PHYA signaling. Up-regulated by white light
By streptozocin-induced diabetes. Repressed by low protein diet
Expression is up-regulated during the late stage of P.nodorum wheat leaf infection and is controlled by the cluster specific transporter elcR
Expression is induced by the unfolded protein response (UPR) during ER stress
In response to starvation conditions
Up-regulated by biotic and abiotic stresses and senescence. Down-regulated by cytokinin and nematodes or Agrobacterium infection
Not up-regulated by IFNG/IFN-gamma
By chitin oligosaccharide elicitor
Regulated by the imd/Relish pathway
Not regulated during water-deficit stress
Expression is up-regulated during ER stress by the unfolded protein response (UPR) regulator ire1
Repressed by glucose
Up-regulated by fungal elicitor
By wounding, locally and systemically, by cold and heat stresses, and by UV-C. Seems to not be influenced by UV-A and UV-B. Induced by the chloroacetanilide herbicides acetochlor and metolachlor, and the explosives 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX)
Expression is down-regulated in the presence of fennel, cardamom, chamomile, celery, anise and rosemary essential oils (PubMed:27548221). Expression is positively regulated by the cluster-specific transcription factor otaR1 (PubMed:30054361, PubMed:33540740). Expression is also modulated by a second regulator, otaR2, which is adjacent to the biosynthetic gene cluster (PubMed:30054361). Stilbenes such as resveratrol, piceatannol and pterostilbene downregulate the expression of the ochratoxin cluster (PubMed:35082059)
Expressed when grown photoautotrophically (at protein level)
Transcribed at the end of mitosis, but in cells with a prolonged G1 phase there is a second burst of transcription in late G1
Accumulates upon infection with avirulent Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000) carrying avirulence genes avrRpm1, avrRpt2, avrB, or avrRps4 but not with the virulent Pst DC3000 (Ref.1, PubMed:12059109). Induced by salicylic acid (SA). Accumulates rapidly in local and systemic tissues after wounding (PubMed:12059109). Triggered by spermine, an inducer of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes. Up-regulated by cucumber mosaic virus (CMV-Y and CMV-B2 strains) (PubMed:14666423)
Not regulated by light
Induced by the synthetic strigolactone analog GR24
Activated by Agr, SarA, SarV and MgrA
Present in both photosynthetically (anaerobically) and dark (aerobic respiration) grown cells (at protein level) (PubMed:19190939). A later paper showed this protein to be present in both chemoheterotrophically (dark) and photoheterotrophically (light) grown cells, but with more protein present in light grown cells (PubMed:22249883). The second report is thought to be correct (PubMed:23357331)
Expressed during growth on spruce wood (at protein level)
Upon infection by L.pneumophila
Up-regulated by low extracellular Mg(2+)
Part of the probable 18 gene mamAB operon
In response to infection, elicitor, ethylene, wounding
By potyvirus TuMV infection
Up-regulated by sulfur starvation and repressed by cysteine. Also induced by O-acetyl-L-serine (OAS), a direct precursor of cysteine, maybe via inactivation of a putative transcriptional repressor of the cysH operon whose activity is controlled by the intracellular levels of OAS
Repressed by fur. Induced by Btr in iron-limited conditions
Induced by 24-epi-brassinolide (24-eBL) and down-regulated by abscisic acid (ABA)
Induced during anaerobic growth
Part of the subA-subB operon (PubMed:15226357)
Induced by phosphate starvation, via PhoB (PubMed:7042685, PubMed:2842304, PubMed:1987150). Also induced by carbon starvation, via the cAMP receptor protein (CRP) (PubMed:1987150)
By 1,25(OH)2VD3 in monocytes
Repressed under conditions of excess protein secretion capacity and derepressed when protein secretion becomes limiting. This is regulated by SecM
Up-regulated by thapsigargin (PubMed:23152784). Down-regulated in the failing hearts of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (PubMed:23152784)
Up-regulated under iron-deficient conditions in root tissues
Repressed in epididymal adipose tissue of diet-induced obese mice or leptin receptor-deficient mice
Positively coregulated with aaeA and aaeX by AaeR
By salt and osmotic stresses
Expression is highly induced during growth on D-xylose
In roots by phosphate starvation. Repressed by auxin, cytokinins, and the Pi analog phosphite (Phi)
By drought stress; in roots
By high salt stress (PubMed:19704545, PubMed:17410378, PubMed:18363782, PubMed:19704528). Repressed by gibberellic acid (GA), but induced by the GA biosynthetic inhibitor paclabutrazol (PAC) (PubMed:18363782). Accumulates transiently in seeds upon imbibition (PubMed:19704545, PubMed:17410378, PubMed:18363782, PubMed:19704528). Induced by drought stress (PubMed:17158162)
The two ribH genes may be differentially expressed during the Brucella infection cycle. Brucella would use RibH1 for flavin biosynthesis during the extracellular phase and RibH2 during intracellular growth
Slight induction by UV-B light
Strongly induced by acrylate, the operon product (20-fold), and dimethylsulfonioproprionate, the operon substrate (DMSP, 10-fold). Part of the acuR-acuI-dddL operon
By drought and salt stresses and abscisic acid (ABA)
Expression shows a diurnal pattern of oscillation across the 24-hour light-dark cycle in liver, with a reduction in levels before the onset of the dark period (at protein level). Expression shows a diurnal pattern of oscillation in white adipose tissue (WAT), peaking at the beginning of the dark period. Up-regulated during polyclonal immune responses
By mitogens
Induced during entry into stationary phase
Induced by abscisic acid (ABA), heat, drought and high-salinity stresses. Promoted by methylviologen (MV), a superoxide radical generating drug
Induced by paraquat, a chemical causing production of reactive oxygen species (ROS)
Transcribed in the yeast form, but expression is increased two to threefold during hyphal induction. Also up-regulated more than twofold when PMT1 expression is impaired. MSB2 functions not only to secure basal levels of the PMT4 transcripts but is needed also for up-regulation of both transcripts upon PMT1 inhibition. Repressed by BCR1
Up-regulated by Pmg elicitor
By heat shock and retinoic acid
Inhibited by vanadate. Inhibition can partially be relieved by EDTA
In hypoxic trophoblast cells
Up-regulated upon pulmonary inflammation elicited by sensitization and aerosol challenge with the aeroallergen ovalbumin. Up-regulated during T-helper cell type 2 (Th2) inflammation. Induction is mediated by IL-13
Coexpressed with pceA
By Interleukin-19 (IL19)
By drought and cold stresses, and abscisic acid (ABA)
Up-regulated by interferon gamma (at protein level)
Up-regulated by heat shock
Induced during growth on L-lactate. Repressed by glucose
By fungal infection in germinating seeds
Induced during growth on caprolactam
Down-regulated by thyroid hormone T3 in retinal ganglion layers during the embryonic development (PubMed:19179482)
By pathogen infection
Induced in a zinc-responsive manner (PubMed:18020946). During zinc deficiency, the transcript remains associated with polysomes and is rapidly resynthesized and targeted to the basolateral membranes of these cell types after zinc-repletion (PubMed:18020946)
Expression is under the control of the terrein cluster-specific transcription factor terR (PubMed:25852654)
By hyperosmotic, oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress (at protein level)
Not induced by abiotic stresses
Regulated by the two-component system LytR/LytS
Up-regulated in presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS), like H(2)O(2), through the NF-kappaB signaling pathway. Up-regulated by sphingosine-1-phosphate (SP1) through the p38 MAPK signaling pathway (at protein level)
Down-regulated in renal cancers
Up-regulated by fgf17 and fgf8
Expression is down-regulated by flucytosine and upon adherence to polystyrene
Strongly induced by abscisic acid (ABA) in the flowers, leaves and root tissues (PubMed:26443375, PubMed:25720833). Accumulates in response to osmotic stresses (e.g. mannitol and NaCl) (PubMed:25720833)
By high light
By serum stimulation
Daily oscillation and diurnal expression in plants grown in short day (SD) but not in long day (LD) conditions
Induced by heat shock, cold stress, insect biting and abscisic acid (ABA). Down-regulated by treatment with jasmonate
Induced by jasmonic acid (MeJA) in vascular tissues, especially at the transition and elongation zones
Tightly cell cycle regulated and expressed in late S/G2 phase
Under conditions of iron deficiency and by the fur protein
By heat shock under the control of the HtpR regulatory protein
Repressed under stress conditions such as netting
Not found in healthy tissues, but accumulates to high levels in the extracellular compartment of leaves in response to pathogen infection or treatment with salicylic acid
Transcriptionally regulated by SicA and InvF. Also regulated by InvE
Induced around the genome segregation and cell division stages (PubMed:18987308). Down-regulated after UV irradiation, indicating division inhibition in response to DNA damage (PubMed:18987308). Expression is highest in dividing cells (PubMed:19008417)
By salt stress
Expressed at very low levels only
By a combination of high manganese and malonate levels
Not induced by glucose or fructose treatment in leaves
Induced during cell wall regeneration. Expression is also increased under high-iron conditions. Repressed by the HAP43 transcription factor
Down-regulated by tamoxifen
Up-regulated by retinoic acid (PubMed:26268560)
By N-acetylneuraminate
Expression is induced by L-tyrosine (PubMed:19028908). Expression is positively regulated by the cluster-specific transcription factor hmgR (PubMed:22046314)
By growth in a high-phosphate succinate medium (at protein level) (PubMed:8244935). Strongly induced by growth on medium containing FeSO(4) (at protein level) (PubMed:8806672)
Expression is induced by the developmental and secondary metabolism regulator veA (PubMed:26209694)
Induced by (+)-camphor and 2-oxo-delta(3)-4,5,5-trimethylcyclopentenylacetic acid
By red, far-red and blue light. Down-regulated by white light
In stationary phase; under control of SigD (PubMed:11987133). Repressed by LytR
Constitutively transcribed in vegetative cells, not expressed during hormogonia differentiation in red light
Part of the probable mtrEDCBAFGH operon
Triggered by light. Repressed by COP1 in darkness
Repressed by radiation
Very low up-regulation 8 days after inoculation with bacteria
Induced by low extracellular levels of magnesium via the PhoQ/PhoP two-component regulatory system
By NR1H2/LXRB and NR1H3/LXRA
Induced transiently by UV-B, ozone and wounding
By vegt, acting via nodal signaling
Down-regulated upon Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain DC3000 infection
(c-type) induced in VSMC by angiotensin II and injury to the artery
Up-regulated in activated CD8(+) T-cells. Up-regulated upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon treatments in macrophages. Up-regulated in CD8(+) T-cell infiltring pancreatic islets of prediabetic nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice (at protein level). Isoform 1 and isoform 2 are up-regulated upon T-cell receptor (TCR) stimulation in CD8(+) T-cells. Isoform 1 is modestly up-regulated upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in macrophages. Isoform 2 is up-regulated upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in macrophages. Isoform 2 is up-regulated upon poly(I:C) and interleukin IL2 in natural killer (NK) cells
Expressed exclusively during fungal penetration of host leaves, the time point at which plant defense reactions are triggered
Negatively regulated by lin-41 which causes degradation of the mRNA encoding this protein
Expression is positively regulated by the depudecin biosynthesis cluster-specific transcription activator DEP6 (PubMed:19737099)
Expressed during exponential and stationary growth phase (PubMed:17588813). Expression is repressed by amphotericin B and caspofungin (PubMed:15917516). Expression is also repressed during biofilm formation (PubMed:22265407)
By phorbol ester and TNF
By cyanate
Transient accumulation in response to a brief exposures to cold
Expression repressed by LDL1 via histone H3 and H4 deacetylation
Expression is induced by growth hormone and repressed by dietary intake of creatine
By 5-azacytidine
Induced by wounding
Induced by increased medium osmolality. Repressed by glycine betaine
By abscisic acid (ABA), and drought and salt stresses. Down-regulated by jasmonate and wounding
By 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB)
Expression is regulated by the sporulation transcription factor sigma E
Up-regulated upon interaction of cells with host macrophages and upon milbemycins A3 oxim derivative (A3Ox) treatment
Expression is also regulated by rsmA (PubMed:23671611)
Stabilized by low temperatures (at protein level)
By chemical/incision-induced brain injury which leads to increased expression in axon fiber bundles of the peri-lesioned region, by electrically-induced seizure (kindling) in brain, by UV irradiation in skin and by incisional and chemically-induced skin wounding which causes epidermal proliferation and hyperkeratosis. Induced by chemically-induced oxidative stress which leads to increased expression in the hippocampal pyramidal neurons 2 hours after treatment. Levels then decrease, drop to 60% of pretreated control levels at day 7 when avoidance learning is impaired and return to control levels at day 30. Also induced by spinal crush injury which leads to increased expression in spinal cord white matter adjacent to the lesion. Expression increases between days 1-14 post-injury with a peak at day 4
Repressed by herbicides such as flufenacet and benfuresate (PubMed:12916765). Down-regulated by darkness, low temperature, drought and osmotic stress (PubMed:18465198)
Constitutively expressed (at protein level)
By androgen in an isoform-specific manner; expression of isoform 4 is greatly induced
Up-regulated in response to mitochondrial stress
By TNF-alpha. Induced expression in lung, liver, kidney and heart after endotoxin treatment
Strongly down-regulated during embryonic stem cell differentiation, induced either by retinoic acid treatment, or by cell adhesion prevention leading to embryoid body formation
By DNA damage, and by ADP-ribosylation catalyzed by DarT (at protein level)
Up-regulated by phagocytic stimuli
Expression in the intestine up-regulated by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) (PubMed:31485561). Expression in the intestine and body muscle up-regulated at 15 degrees Celsius (PubMed:31485561)
Up-regulated by growth on oleic acid
By anaerobiosis
By wounding, abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), H(2)O(2), and infection with P.syringae pv. tomato DC3000 and B.cinerea (PubMed:20367464). Induced by salt stress (PubMed:23451802)
Induced by epinephrine during late exponential growth, probably via the QseC sensor
Up-regulated during the apoptotic death of myeloid cells induced by cytokine withdrawal, such as IL3, and during G-CSF-induced terminal differentiation of myeloblasts to granulocytes
Strongly induced by lecithin
By brassinolide. Strongly down-regulated by abscisic acid
Induced by ethylene
Slightly induced in roots by cadmium
By stress conditions caused by amino acid starvation (at protein level)
Expressed during all growth phases; expression is higher during early log phase and decreases as growth continues. Expression is dramatically increased in the presence of antibiotics virginiamycin M and lincomycin. A monocistronic operon
Up-regulated by ozone
Up-regulated in brain after seizures. Up-regulated in the hippocampus one hour after induction of long-term potentiation
Up-regulated during the differentiation of neural precursor cells into neurons but not glial cells. Up-regulated in heart upon induced hypertrophy
By UV-C light, hydrogen peroxide and methyl viologen
Follows a light-dependent circadian-regulated expression with a peak at midday, about 6 hours after dawn
Expression is induced by PGE2, S.aureus and lipopolysaccharide (PubMed:14568985). Induced in arteries and lung parenchyma following injury or stress (PubMed:27742621). Expression in vasculature, including arteries, increases in normal aging (PubMed:32679764, PubMed:29042481)
Induced by lactose, galactose and galactose-6-P. Repressed by glucose
Strongly induced in macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 during cholesterol influx. Induction is mediated by the liver X receptor/retinoid X receptor (LXR/RXR) pathway. Down-regulated by endotoxins or cytokines (TNF and IL1) in J-774 macrophages
By polyamines (PAs: putrescine, spermidine and spermine), methylglyoxal (bis-guanyhydrazone) (MGBG), and salt
By Sonic hedgehog (Shh) in limb bud
Induced by wounding and salt stress
Induced by low levels of proline and by osmotic shock. The leader of mgtA mRNA functions as a riboswitch, favoring transcription under low Mg(2+) conditions. Under limiting proline levels the MgtL peptide encoded within the mgtA leader cannot be translated, thereby favoring the transcription of the mgtA ORF. Induction by osmotic shock also depends on translational regulation by MgtL (Probable). Induced by low extracellular levels of Mg(2+)
Expression is induced during filamentation, biofilm formation, after UV exposure, as well as by benomyl, caspofungin, and ketoconazole. Also enriched in azole-resistant strains and in stationary phase. Expression is repressed by SKO1, HOG1, RFX2, farnesol, and in alkaline conditions. Expression is also controlled by the filamentous growth regulators CPH1, CPH2, and EFG1
In response to starvation for tryptophan and branched-chain amino acid imbalance
Repressed by zinc
By propane
Slightly induced by salicylic acid (SA). Positively regulated by SND1 and homolog proteins
Induced by AlkS
Up-regulated by MntR in response to manganese
Induced by entry into stationary phase, but not by carbon and energy starvation
Up-regulated by pre-growth of cells with dimethylsulfonioproprionate (DMSP)
By 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), which is a by-product of industrial processes and an important environmental contaminant (PubMed:11716501, PubMed:12147270). This induction is concentration and time-dependent and is mediated through an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocation (Arnt) signal transduction (PubMed:11716501, PubMed:12147270). Superinduced by cycloheximide and by inhibitors of the 26S proteasome (PubMed:11716501, PubMed:12147270)
Induced during environmentally induced bud dormancy (planting density). Repressed transiently after shoot apical meristem (SAM) decapitation (release from apical dominance)
Induced by growth on cellobiose. Negativelly controled by the CcpA regulator (PubMed:17909747, PubMed:21262549). Also induced in response to galactose (PubMed:21262549)
Is under the control of the sigma-B transcription factor. Is induced by heat shock, salt stress, oxidative stress, glucose limitation and oxygen limitation
Expression is dependent on SOX9
Expression is up-regulated in response to treatment with the DNA-damaging agent methyl methanesulfonate (MMS)
The expression is up-regulated in the mid-exponential and extended stationary phase
By fructuronate. Its expression is subjected to catabolite repression by glucose
Up-regulated by IL2 (PubMed:30487606). Down-regulated in tumor-infiltrating T-cells (PubMed:30487606)
By pregnenolone 16-alpha-carbonitrile (PNCN)
Cell cycle-regulated, showing a peak in the G1-phase
By salt and osmotic stress. Expressed in roots with a circadian rhythm showing an increase at the end of the night period, a peak during the first part of the light period and then a decrease
Highly expressed in both FV-P and FV-A-induced erythro-leukemia cell lines that have undergone rearrangements of the SPI1 gene due to the insertion of SFFV. Negatively regulated by microRNA-155 (miR-155) (PubMed:23166356)
Induced by ethylene (ETH), jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA), mainly in lines (e.g. cv. Ye478) susceptible to potyvirus such as maize rough dwarf virus (MRDV)
Up-regulated by the transcription factor ERF114
Upon SUB2 overexpression
Repressed by the CLV (CLV1, CLV2 and CLV3) proteins, possibly to rapidly down-regulate WUS expression in apical daughter cells after cell divisions, suggesting the existence of a feedback loop. Repressed by AG at the end of floral development. Down-regulated by ULT1, probably to establish floral meristem determinacy
By brassinosteroids (BR)
By alkaline conditions and during infection of tomato roots
Up-regulated by retinoic acid, VEGF, TNF-alpha/TNFA, lipopolysaccharide and in response to hypoxia (at protein level)
Expression is repressed by molybdate
Down-regulated by salt stress and treatment with mannitol
Induced under conditions of iron deficiency and negatively regulated by iron through fep1
Up-regulated upon fungal elicitor treatment or wounding
Up-regulated during anaerobic growth
Weakly induced by hyperosmotic stress in leaf blades, leaf sheaths and roots. Weakly induced by abscisic acid (ABA) in leaf blades and roots
By growth on tungsten or molybdenum under anaerobic conditions
Expression is induced under iron starvation conditions (PubMed:20507510)
By cocaine in cardiomyocytes
Induced by glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P)
Up-regulated by CSF1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). This induction is reduced in the presence of TNFSF11
Part of the lepA-hemN operon; there is a strong transcriptional terminator between the 2 genes, this gene is much less transcribed. There can be further readthough downstream (PubMed:8757728, PubMed:9371469). Induced under anaerobic conditions by resDE, fnr and arfM
Probably proteolytically degraded by PGM48 during leaves senescence (PubMed:28534654). Not induced by drought stress
Down-regulated by glucose (at protein level)
Up-regulated by IL-1. Isoform 1 is up-regulated with any signal for withdrawal from the cell cycle such as serum deprivation
In B cells, expression is increased by CD40 engagement (at protein level)
Expressed with a circadian rhythm showing a peak at dawn
By benzothiadiazole (BTH), dichloroisonicotinic acid, probenazole, jasmonic acid, wounding and infection with P.syringae and M.grisea
Accumulates in large amounts when cell wall integrity is compromised
Transiently induced by fungal (F.oxysporum f.sp. batatas O-17) and chitosan treatments, in association with the accumulation of umbelliferone and its glucoside (skimmin) in the tubers
Expression is positively regulated by the transcriptional regulator AndR
Up-regulated by chitin elicitors
Up-regulated by GPR39 in neuronal cells
By NaCl and abscisic acid (ABA) treatments
Up-regulated in the aerial parts by dark treatment. Not regulated by high CO(2) levels
Induced by IFN-gamma (PubMed:17018642, PubMed:18955028, PubMed:29321274). Induced by influenza A virus (PubMed:29321274)
Expression can be activated by RpoS and repressed by CRP, H-NS and GadW, depending on the conditions
Up-regulated in cortical neurons by treatment with N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA). Toxic doses of NMDA fail to induce Iduna expression. Sublethal exposure to oxygen-glucose deprivation also induces Iduna protein expression. Also induced by treatments that result in resistance to subsequent ischemic injury, such as 5 minute bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (at protein level)
By retinoic acid and by dorsal mesoderm-inducers including activin, derriere, dvr1/vg-1 and nodal
Induced by hydroxyurea (PubMed:20005847)
By exogenous sugar supply. Down-regulated by sugar starvation and light in dark-grown seedlings
Down-regulated after hypoxia
By genotoxic stress and by DNA damage (gamma-radiation, UV-B). Regulated by ATM in response to DNA double strand breaks (DSBs)
Insensitive to light/darkness, anaerobic treatment and heat, but repressed by sucrose
In stationary phase; under control of SigD
By endoplasmic reticulum stress-inducing agents such as thapsigargin, tunicamycin or brefeldin A, but not by heat shock
Up-regulated by polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (polyI:C) which mimics the double-stranded hepatitis C virus
Expressed only in the forespore compartment of sporulating cells. Expression is sigma F and sigma G-dependent
By gibberellin A3 (GA3). Not regulated by auxin
Up-regulated by TNF, IL1B, Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, C.albicans and bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) (PubMed:9202117, PubMed:10837369). Up-regulated by inflammation in skin keratinocytes in epidermal tissue (PubMed:9831658)
Repressed by RicR. Induced by copper
Expression is induced in complex medium (Czapek yeast autolysate medium) supporting calbistrin production
Repressed by inositol
By paraquat. Induced by white light exposure (PubMed:29500338)
Transcribed from its own promoter, it may also be cotranscribed with upstream ocp
By cold and heat stresses. Down-regulated by ozone
By L-fucose
By a musk indanone elicitor that mimics herbivory. By caterpillar S.littoralis oral secretions, in combination with wounding (PubMed:27662898). By corn leaf aphid feeding (PubMed:26378100)
Induced by phenylalanine or phenylacetate. Not induced by glucose
Expression is under the control of the xylanolytic transcriptional activator xlnR
Induced by erythritol and repressed by EryD
Up-regulated by glucose (PubMed:12825687). Induced by abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonate, salicylate, salt and osmotic stress (PubMed:23942253)
By androgen
Expressed constitutively throughout the growth phases, both in presence and absence of white light
Not induced by cadmium or other heavy metal stress
Expression is up-regulated upon exogenous application of fusaric acid (PubMed:26662839)
Expression is highly up-regulated in presence of fructose
Induced by phosphate or potassium deficiency
By blood meal
Accumulates locally in the root vascular bundle upon P.fluorescens WCS417r and P.putida WCS358r bacteria root colonization prior to induced systemic resistance (ISR) and after ethylene treatment (e.g. ACC)
Via a protein termed prestarvation factor which is produced and secreted by both growing and developing cells
By vancomycin, mediated by VanS/VanR. Part of the VanB-type operon associated to vancomycin resistance in E.faecalis V583
By activin
Induced by p-cumate and repressed by CymR
By stresses such as cold, drought, high salt, wounding, and abscisic acid (ABA)
By 2-aminoethylphosphonic acid
Part of the rbcL-rbcS operon, transcribed in light and constitutively during growth on fructose
Down-regulated in activated B-cells
Induced under hypoxic conditions in roots (PubMed:20113439, PubMed:21615413, PubMed:21398256, PubMed:24395201, PubMed:24728113, PubMed:32977426). Induced during hypoxia under nitrate nutrition (PubMed:30535180). Induced by ethylene (PubMed:21398256, PubMed:28698356). Induced by hydrogen peroxide (PubMed:24395201)
When cells are grown with the low sulfated agar
By glucose in pancreatic-beta-cells
Expressed in presence of xylose
Expression is positively regulated by developmental regulators veA and velB but not by the global regulator of secondary metabolism laeA (PubMed:27647242)
Repressed by fur in the presence of iron (By similarity). Transcriptionally up-regulated by hydrogen peroxide and to a lesser extent by hypochlorous acid and human neutrophil azurophilic granule proteins
Expression correlates with the production of depudecin with high levels on oat grain medium, and minimal levels on oat flower medium and complete medium (PubMed:28460114)
By fungal infection and abiotic stress
By BMP2 during chondrogenesis
Not induced by osmotic stress
Positively regulated by the two-component system NreB/NreC
Expression oscillates in a circadian manner in the aorta
Repressed by uracil
Specifically induced within macrophages by phagosome acidification. Induced at 37 degrees Celsius in minimal medium, suggesting that nutritional stress is a regulating signal
Expression is reduced in breast and ovarian cancer
By blue light
By infection with P.infestans
Expression is up-regulated during sporulation and unfolded protein response
By interferon-alpha (PubMed:26370074)
Up-regulated by runx2a
Expression is induced by the final product trichosetin and not by the trichosetin cluster-specific transcription acticator TF22 (PubMed:28379186)
Expressed in roots with a circadian rhythm showing an increase at the end of the night period, a peak during the first part of the light period and then a decrease
Induced during meiosis by the transcription factor mei4. Protein levels rapidly increase during meiosis and then decline
By wounding and insect feeding
Induced in the presence of epithelial cells
Expression is up-regulated in colistin-resistant clinical isolates (GKK-1 and GKK-3) compared to colistin-susceptible clinical isolate (GKK-2)
A member of the dormancy regulon. Induced in response to reduced oxygen tension (hypoxia) and low levels of nitric oxide (NO)
By wounding, salicylic acid, abscisic acid, methyl jasmonate, salt treatment and amino acids histidine, leucine and phenylalanine. No induction by glutamic acid, methionine or tryptophan
Induced by lecithin
By heat shock (shift from 30 to 45 degrees Celsius) (at protein level)
Up-regulated during neuronal differentiation of neuroblastoma cells treated with all-trans or 9-cis retinoic acid
Induced by cold, drought and salt stresses
Up-regulated under zinc-limiting conditions (PubMed:23213233). Induces by TGFB1 (PubMed:31412620)
Not induced by hypoxia. Up-regulated by salt stress
The cluster is expressed in rice fermentation medium (PubMed:25623211). Expression is correlated with the production of pestheic acid (PubMed:24302702). Three regulators are located in the cluster (ptaR1, ptaR2 and ptaR3), suggesting that the production of pestheic acid is controlled by a complex regulatory mechanism (PubMed:24302702)
Repressed by IdeR in the presence of iron and by Zur in the presence of zinc
Expression is induced during host plant infection
Expressed under the control of TyrR and TrpR repressors
Up-regulated in ovarian surface epithelial (OSE) cells with progesterone
Up-regulated by hypoxia in cardiac myocytes in a p53/TP53-dependent manner (PubMed:20935145). Up-regulated in ischemic cortex after reperfusion in a p53/TP5-independent manner (PubMed:24872551). Up-regulated in primary neurons by oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD)/reoxygenation insult in a p53/TP5-independent manner (at protein level) (PubMed:24872551). Up-regulated in ischemic myocardium in a p53/TP5-dependent manner (PubMed:22044588). Up-regulated in small intestine after gamma irradiation damage (PubMed:23726973)
By abscisic acid, jasmonate, salicylic acid, wounding and flagellin 22, a pathogen elicitor
Regulated by the general amino acid control
By exercise (PubMed:33473109). Up-regulated during cellular senescence (PubMed:29886458)
Induced in roots during early nodule formation
Up-regulated by CCL5 on the pre-B-cell lines NALM-6 and G2
Up-regulated in response to the drug metformin
Induced in late exponential growth phase (at protein level)
By heat shock, heat, cold shock and wounding
The promoter contains putative CRE1 binding motifs 5'-SYGGRG-3' and expression is differentially regulated in light and darkness by CRE1 (PubMed:28809958). Photoreceptors BLR1 and BLR2 negatively regulate the expression, while ENV1 exerts positive regulation (PubMed:28809958)
Expressed periodically during the cell cycle, with a peak in late G1. Transcriptional repression requires ZDS1. Protein accumulation is also periodic, peaking during S/G2 and declining prior to and during nuclear division of the unperturbed cell cycle. Stabilized during a checkpoint response in G2. Induced during meiosis. Induced by ethanol (at protein level)
Expression is controlled by the casein kinase CK2 (PubMed:24613994)
Up-regulated by stress agents, such as nutrient deprivation (at protein level) (PubMed:22565310). Up-regulation by gamma-irradiation is eventually followed by down-regulation (PubMed:19650074). Expression increases with the tumor aggressiveness. up-regulated by DNA-damaging agent such as doxorubicin (PubMed:18690848)
Down-regulated by salt treatment
Constitutively expressed and not cell-cycle regulated like its S.cerevisiae ortholog
By heat shock during early embryogenesis
Expression is regulated by iron, via the regulatory protein Fur (PubMed:2529253, PubMed:2139473). Induced by hydroxyurea (PubMed:20005847)
Up-regulated expression in the mantle following V.proteolyticus bacterial challenge reaching the maximum expression at 24 hours (about 1.5-fold) post-injection and then decreasing back to the initial level at 48 hours post-injection
Expression is repressed in medium containing both glucose and glutamate (PubMed:3023912). Expression is up-regulated by the presence of C2-compounds such as acetate (PubMed:25982115)
Expression is repressed by ammonium
By axon injury which results in up-regulation on severed axons with levels reaching a peak between 12 and 24 hours after injury (at protein level) (PubMed:16772169). By ecdysone (PubMed:16772168)
Transiently up-regulated during the initial 15 minutes of dough-fermentation
Up-regulated in memory CD8-positive alpha-beta T cell clones upon antigen-specific stimulation
Up-regulated in roots by low Pi
Transcripts are induced by dehydration, in rosettes but not in roots. Induction by cold, ABA, sodium chloride (NaCl) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) is dependent of the zeaxanthin epoxidase ABA1 protein (ZEP). Induction by glucose requires the short chain alcohol dehydrogenase ABA2 protein. Repressed by mannitol
Upon photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) (e.g. light fluence) increase and UV-B treatment. Accumulates in response to ozone fumigation, during recovery. Induced in response to oxidative stress, via a reduction of miR398-mediated silencing. Repressed by sucrose in a miR398-mediated silencing-dependent manner. Repressed by salt stress. Down-regulated by aconitase
Expressed with a circadian rhythm showing a peak during dark (under long day conditions)
Down-regulated by salt and cytokinin treatment
Part of the mgtC/mgtB operon. Induced by low extracellular levels of Mg(2+). Transcriptionally regulated by extracellular magnesium via the two-component regulatory system PhoQ/PhoP
Expressed in iron-depleted conditions and repressed in iron-replete media (PubMed:15158278, PubMed:28610916). Induced during infection in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) mice (PubMed:20545847)
Transcriptionally regulated by the regulatory protein AtoC
By dehydration stress. High local and systemic induction by wounding
A member of the dormancy regulon. Induced in response to reduced oxygen tension (hypoxia), low levels of nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO(2)). Expression peaks in the late log phase of growth
By sucrose and nitrogen starvation
Up-regulated in hypocotyls by far-red light treatment
By lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
By phosphate depletion (PubMed:11960029). Repressed by phosphate (Pi) and phosphite (Phi), with a faster suppression in roots than in shoots (PubMed:25697796)
By D-xylose, L-arabinose or L-arabitol
Expression is positively regulazed by the cluster-specific transcription factor pfmaF
During exponential phase in rich medium and repressed in minimum medium, hyper-osmolar medium or in sporulating conditions
Induced in seedling rosette leaves by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and cadmium (Cd). Induced in seedling roots by salt stress (NaCl). Inhibited in leaves and inflorescences of adult plants by exposure to cadmium
Not induced by inorganic phosphate deprivation
Accumulates after genotoxic agents treatment such as bleomycin (BLM), a small peptide that create DNA double strand breaks (DSBs)
Circadian-regulation. Highly expressed at the beginning of the light period, then decreases, reaching a minimum between 16 and 29 hours after dawn before rising again at the end of the day
By p53/TP53 following DNA damage (at protein level) (PubMed:24356969). Up-regulated during embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation into cardiomyocytes (PubMed:19658189, PubMed:26990106)
Up-regulated by agr
Accumulates to low levels when grown under continuous white light
Expression is induced on AF medium
Constitutively expressed. Expression is increased by a reduction in intracellular concentration of UDP-GlcNAc
Transcriptionally activated by MxiE in the intracellular environment of the host, in association with IpgC, under conditions of deregulated or active secretion. Expressed in a VirB-dependent but MxiE-independent way under conditions of non-secretion
Its release and/or synthesis is stimulated during parasitic infection
Up-regulated by ARHGEF4, SPATA13 and APC via the JNK signaling pathway in colorectal tumor cells
(Microbial infection) Induced in macrophages as well as in whole animals (spleen, lung and liver) by incubation or infection with M.bovis BCG and M.tuberculosis H37Rv (at protein level) (PubMed:11500442)
Expressed in presence of xylan and repressed by glucose
Cells grown on urea as a nitrogen source have more activity than those grown on nitrate (at protein level). RuBisCO activity of urea- but not nitrate-grown cells decreases with rising temperature (from 25 to 28 degrees Celsius, present versus predicted future ocean temperatures); there is only one RuBisCO in this cyanobacterium
Repressed by herbicides such as flufenacet and benfuresate (PubMed:12916765). Down-regulated by darkness and low temperature, and up-regulated by drought and osmotic stress (PubMed:18465198)
Regulated by the transcription factors NAC045 and NAC086
Transiently induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) stimulation in monocytes
Induced by lipopolysaccharide on neutrophils (at protein level) (PubMed:14557414). Induced by IL6 and LIF (PubMed:9338594)
In both etiolated and green leaves, down-regulated by light. In green leaf, increased by dark treatment
Down-regulated by biological and chemical stimuli
Up-regulated by retinoc acid (RA) in the pre-placodal ectoderm (PPE) during post-gastrulation development. Up-regulated by retinoc acid (RA) before, but inhibited after, neurogenesis development
By phorbol ester (PMA) and bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) treatment in macrophage cell line. By Aspergillus fumigatus conidia in peripheral blood mnonocytes
Under control of the CsgD transcription factor, part of the csgBAC/ymdA operon
Induced in the presence of intracellular L-methionine, L-leucine or L-isoleucine
Strongly up-regulated near anterior-facing wounds following head and tail amputation
By glucose, fructose and sucrose (PubMed:22561114). Induced by abiotic stresses (PubMed:22561114). Induced by cadmium (PubMed:16502469)
Nutrient deficiency conditions, which also induce sporulation
Down-regulated by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, PAO1 strain infection and up-regulated by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, PA14 strain infection
Repressed in the brain by chronic continuous hypoxia (at protein level)
By androgens (PubMed:8943214). During embryonic development, induced and maintained by sonic hedgehog in pre-somitic mesoderm, in immature somites and in urogenital sinus, but not in the other expression domains (PubMed:10906459)
Up-regulated by heat and oxidative stress (exposure to air, O(2) and H(2)O(2)) (at mRNA and protein levels). Various other environmental stress conditions such as an increase of the pH of the growth medium from 4.5 to 6.2, addition of the salt NaCl or of the solvent butanol, and lowering the incubation temperature also result in transiently increased transcript levels. Is also expressed under non-stressful conditions. Repressed by PerR
By activin and derriere
Expressed by 2 hours growth, increases to maximal concentration by 7 hours and remains high (stationary phase) (at protein level). More protein is found in cells growing under nutrient-deficient conditions
By cytokinin in procambium. Antagonized by the HD-ZIP III proteins and by mobile miR165 and miR166 microRNAs
Up-regulated by ethylene, methyl jasmonate, wounding and virus infection. Weakly induced by salicylic acid and 2,6-dichlorisonicotinic acid
Transiently induced by cold shock in a PNPase-dependent fashion
Not up-regulated by type-I interferon
By feeding (Probable). By the presence of Borrelia burgdorferi (By similarity)
Expression is low in the lactacting mammary gland but increases after weaning to a peak 4 days post weaning. Expression returns to baseline levels 6 days post weaning
Up-regulated in mesangial, visceral epithelial, and interstitial cells after predominant injury to these cells. Expression levels increase in hepatic cells undergoing in vitro transdifferentiation, which represents a model for hepatic fibrogenesis. Expression induced by indoxyl sulfate. Expression induced by angiotensin-2 via EGR1 in smooth muscle cells in neonatal but not in adult rats
Induced by abscisic acid (ABA)
Not regulated at the transcription level by high light
By N-acetylchitooligosaccharide elicitor
By absence of thiamine
In infected C57BL/6 mice levels remains constant following reactivation of TB (induced by the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor aminoguanidine) for 4 weeks then decreases over 10-fold until at least 11 weeks
By MEF2 during muscle differentiation. Down-regulated by muscle denervation. Down-regulated by trichostatin A or sodium butyrate, and during neuronal apoptosis (at protein level)
By light (PubMed:11943170). Accumulates in response to infection with the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae (PubMed:20040062). Induced by infection with the necrotrophic fungal pathogen B.cinerea (PubMed:21990940)
During drought and salt stress treatments
Up-regulated in alveolar macrophages upon allergen-induced airway inflammation (PubMed:17403936). Up-regulated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in response to house dust mite proteolytic allergens (PubMed:29093264)
Increased expression in lung after ovalbumin induction in a mouse model of ovalbumin-induced lung inflammation
Down-regulated upon zinc starvation (at protein level). Up-regulated upon zinc intake (PubMed:20133611). Up-regulated by dexamethasone (PubMed:20133611)
Induced in activity >100-fold in response to zinc-limiting growth conditions. Not expressed in zinc-replete cells
TGFB1 inhibits TM4SF20 expression to activate CREB3L1 (PubMed:25310401)
Induced during adipose conversion of 3T3-L1 cells. Up-regulated in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by troglitazone which stimulates PPARG expression during differentiation. Down-regulated in 3T3-L1 adipocytes exposed to TNF-alpha and to retinoic acid
In oligodendrocytes during differentiation of CG-4 cells
By FLO1
In bacterial-plant-symbiosis, this protein is encoded by a bacterial gene which is inducible by plant 4',7-dihydroxy-isoflavone or derivatives
Induced during growth on aliphatic alkenes (such as propylene, ethylene and 1-butylene), epoxides (such as propylene oxide and 1,2-epoxybutane) and chlorinated alkenes and epoxides (such as vinyl chloride, cis- and trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, 1-chloropropylene, 1,3-dichloropropylene, epichlorohydrin, and epifluorohydrin). Repressed during growth on other carbon sources
Up-regulated by FGF signaling in the developing trachea
In response to an inflammatory stimulant. T-kininogen II synthesis is induced and the plasma concentration of T-kininogen I is raised
Expressed in mid-log phase at considerably lower levels than antitoxin relB
Induced in seedlings in response to high levels of salt
By wounding and viral infection
Repressed 1.5-fold by hydroxyurea
By high salt diet and depolarization in brain
The GAL3 gene is a member of the family of galactose inducible, glucose-repressible genes (which include GAL1, GAL2, GAL7, GAL10, GAL80, and MELI)
By pathogen infection. Not detected in healthy leaves
Up-regulated in reactive astrocytes following neurotrauma (at protein level)
Down-regulated by beta-catenin/CTNNB1 in mesenchymal stem cells (at protein level). The down-regulation probably proceeds through ubiquitination by WWP1 E3 ubiquitin ligase and protein degradation
By 4-androstene-3,17-dione (AD)
Induced by pyrimidine limitation
Induced by arsenite and the proline toxic analog azetidine-2-carboxylate
Up-regulated by estrogen in the uterus of ovariectomized animals, with strongly increased expression detected in luminal epithelial and stromal cells at 6 and 12 hours after hormone injection
Induced by nitrogen. Repressed by glucose (Glc), fructose (Fru), sucrose (Suc), cold, osmotic stress, and nitrogen starvation
Induced by auxin
By BRM, at the chromatin level, and conferring a very specific spatial expression pattern. Directly induced by ESR2 in response to cytokinins. Precise spatial regulation by post-transcriptional repression directed by the microRNA miR164
Up-regulated rapidly and persistently in astrocytes in response to injury
Induced by oxidative stress
Expression is constant during exponential and early stationary phases, and increases significantly in later stationary phase
Down-regulated by PPARA agonist Wy-14.643
Up-regulated by PI/AP3, SEP2, SEP3 and AP1, but repressed by AG
Up-regulated in acidic and oxidative stress conditions
Induced 2-fold by hydroxyurea
Induced by E2F transcription factors (PubMed:14990995)
Expressed during vegetative growth it disappears during stationary phase and sporulation (at protein level)
Up-regulated under hypoxic conditions
By salicylic acid (SA)
By high salt conditions and drought stress
Up-regulated after traumatic brain injury in surviving neurons around the lesion site
Part of the rapH-phrH operon, which is transcribed from the SigA-driven rapH promoter (PubMed:21908671). Activated by the late competence transcription factor ComK (PubMed:17581123). Repressed by RghR (PubMed:16553878, PubMed:17581123)
Up-regulated by Cold. Down-regulated by salt
Expression inhibited by TGFB1, and weakly inhibited by BMP2
By wounding. Also expressed in upper non-wounded systemic leaves
Slightly induced by 16-hydroxypalmitic acid (HPA), a major component of cutin that triggers H(2)O(2) production. Accumulates in response to abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA) treatments
Up-regulated by Hessian fly larval infestation, salicylic acid, ethylene, H(2)O(2) and wounding. Not induced by methyl jasmonate
Induced by oxidative stress, in a manner dependent on transcription factor napA
Repressed by YqjI and Fur. YqjI is required for nickel-dependent regulation of yqjH, while Fur is required for iron- and cobalt-dependent regulation of yqjH
By auxin. Down-regulated by cytokinin
By chromate; induction increases when cells are grown in the presence of high sulfate concentrations (3 mM NaSO4(2-))
Up-regulated by interferons
Accumulates in response to phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium, or iron deficiency
In aerobic conditions. Expression is regulated by copper levels and the MAC1 copper-responsive transcription factor
Induced to high levels following extreme ionizing radiation exposure. Also highly induced in response to desiccation stress (By similarity)
Cell cycle regulated expression with a distinct expression peak at the G2/M boundary
No mRNA is detectable in stationary phase cells; the protein is subject to protein degradation in stationary phase
Is expressed during the exponential growth
By nitrate
Expression is highest at 15 degrees Celsius and decreases at any other temperature
Up-regulated in response to DNA-damage induced by ionizing radiation
By growth on GlcN or GlcNAc
Induced during adipocytes differentiation and in white fat from aged and diabetics mice
By bacterial and yeast infection
Up-regulated by prolonged fasting, in glucose-deprived cells and in response to a high-fat diet. Down-regulated by insulin. Up-regulated by PPARD
By androgens in prostate, and by albumin in kidney
Expressed in anaerobic conditions. Down-regulated by heme and the ROX1 and REO1 transcription factors in aerobic conditions
Constitutively expressed partially under control of SigR; both SigR-dependent and independent induction are further induced by the thiol-oxidant diamide (disulfide stress). Induced by Rif
Induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mast cells
Up-regulated in mature adipocytes and adipocyte tissue of obese animals
By type-2 cytokines IL4 and IL13 in response to helminth infection
Repressed by MhqR. Strongly induced by stress due to exposure to 2-methylhydroquinone (2-MHQ) and less strongly induced after diamide or catechol stress. Not induced by oxidative stress due to hydrogen peroxide or methylglyoxal
Less protein is secreted in a secG or double secG/secY2 mutant (at protein level)
By salt and osmotic stress (at protein level)
During the developmental stage with highest levels detectable between 12 and 16 h of development
By phenobarbital
Up-regulated by magnesium
By IL2/interleukin-2
By wounding and hydrogen peroxide, but not by jasmonate
By bacterial infection (at protein level) (PubMed:9736738). In hemolymph 6 hours after immune challenge, levels of expression increase for first 24 hours and persist for the following two weeks (at protein level) (PubMed:9736738)
Down-regulated upon DNA damage
Slightly down-regulated by ethylene treatment. No effect from wounding
Induced by heat in shoots, but suppressed in roots (PubMed:29272523). Repressed in roots in response to cold, drought and salt (PubMed:29272523)
Strongly and quickly induced by ethylene
Up-regulated by methylated AdaA itself in response to the exposure to alkylating agents such as MNNG
Up-regulated by CEBPD
Induced by Sae and repressed by Agr
Up-regulated in neurons in dorsal root ganglia in response to peripheral nerve injury (at protein level) (PubMed:15485775). Up-regulated in neurons in dorsal root ganglia in response to peripheral nerve injury (PubMed:15485775)
The most abundant of the sigma factor transcripts, it is expressed in exponential phase; repressed by detergent (7-fold), heat shock (9-fold, 45 degrees Celsius) and in stationary phase. Autoregulated (PubMed:15049808)
Expressed in response to iron deprivation at pH 7
Induced by jasmonate, copper, UV and chitin oligosaccharide elicitor
Induced during sexual reproduction (PubMed:20689743). Expressed during infection (PubMed:21398509)
By indole
Induced by sulfur limitation and oxidative stress. Repressed by the presence of cysteine
By infection with Cercospora beticola
In pancreatic islets, release is increased by high glucose treatment and, to a lesser extent, by endocannabinoid anandamide/AEA. The induction is more pronounced in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats compared to lean animals
Negatively regulated by the A class floral homeotic protein APETALA2 and by other repressors like LEUNIG, SEUSS, SAP or CURLY LEAF. Positively regulated by both LEAFY and APETALA1. Repressed by silencing mediated by polycomb group (PcG) protein complex containing EMF1 and EMF2. Up-regulated by HUA2
Both mRNA and protein accumulate at 2% and 0.03% CO(2), but not at 15% or 0.15% CO(2) (at protein level)
Strongly down-regulated in keratinocytes upon UVB irradiation
By cAMP and the MADS-box protein srfA
Up-regulated in mammary gland tumors
By urea and nitrogen starvation
Repressed by the transcriptional regulator MelR. Induced by melibiose and raffinose
Down-regulated by abscisic acid (ABA) and by salt stress
Constitutively expressed. Up-regulated in the shoots by cadmium. Down-regulated under zinc deficiency
Repressed by Zur. Up-regulated in response to extreme Zn(2+) deprivation. Also induced by cadmium and hydrogen peroxide
By EGF, TGFB1, retinoic acid- and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3)
Up-regulated during adipose differentiation of four different kinds of preadipocytes prepared from subcutaneous, perirenal, mesenteric and parametrial adipose tissues
By the herbicide safener fenclorim. By drought stress
Expression is regulated by light and circadian rhythms in the pineal gland (at protein level)
Induced by wounding and metyhl jasmonate
Constitutively expressed throughout log and plateau phases of growth
Transiently induced after wounding
Up-regulated via the HIF1A signaling pathway in response to hypoxia. Down-regulated in response to prolonged fasting
Induced by NANOG (PubMed:23040477). Induced by GSK3 inhibition through inhibition of TCF3 repression. Repressed by TCF3 (PubMed:23040478). Reduced upon differentiation induced by LIF depletion (PubMed:23508100)
Repressed by MgrA
Not expressed during infection (PubMed:20507510)
Up-regulated during differentiation of NK cells from CD34-positive hematopoietic cells in the presence of IL15. Down-regulated in mature NK cells
Up-regulated by cold temperatures and down-regulated by light. In response to low temperatures, transcripts accumulate in the whole etiolated seedlings but only in roots of light-grown seedlings
Induced by infection with an incompatible race of the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae
By meiosis
Isoform 1 and isoform 2 expressions are up-regulated by TNF in retinal pigment epithelial cells
Expression is sigma E-dependent
No expression under phage non-inducing conditions; induced by mitomycin C (at protein level)
By infection
Up-regulated by endoplasmic reticulum stress and proteasomal inhibition
By transcription factor HAA1 in response to acetaldehyde accumulation
Expression is positively regulated by the cluster-specific transcription factor frbF
Repressed by heat treatment
Induced by propane, 2-propanol and acetone
Up-regulated by methyl jasmonate treatment
By cadmium, lead, mercury, copper and manganese
Expressed constitutively at a low level
Induced by Nod factors in root hairs
Repressed by LexA, induced by DNA damage (PubMed:10760155). Induced 1.5-fold by hydroxyurea (PubMed:20005847)
By auxin in the root elongation zone
Expression is induced by hypoxia
Expressed on rich and minimal solid media likely in early stationary phase; dependent on DegSU. Not expressed in liquid LB, but only under conditions that promote biofilm formation
By abscisic acid, salicylic acid, wounding and flagellin 22, a pathogen elicitor
Transcribed by SigG at time T3 of sporulation
By retinoic acid
Expression is repressed by FOXO1 in pancreatic beta-cells
Down-regulated by iron deficiency
By wounding, locally and systemically
Up-regulated during erythroid cells differentiation (at protein level) (PubMed:23327923). Up-regulated upon Toll-like receptor TLR2 stimulation (PubMed:26599367). Up-regulated in macrophages upon M. tuberculosis infection (PubMed:20616063). Up-regulated upon sepsis (PubMed:26599367). Up-regulated by glucose (PubMed:29168081)
Induced by osmotic stress. Part of the osmU operon, which consists of four genes (osmV, osmW, osmX and osmY)
Up-regulated by carotenoids
Up-regulated 2 hours after elicitor treatment
By zinc
Up-regulated by cold during seedling germination
Expression starts 10 days after infection and shows an increase towards the late stages of infection which correlates with the formation of the sclerotia and thus the pigment production (PubMed:28955461). Is directly regulated by the cluster-specific activator CPUR_05433 (PubMed:28955461)
By salt stress, osmotic stress, cold treatment, and metals. Up-regulated by salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), abscisic acid (ABA) and auxin
Constitutively expressed, probably part of a pglW-pglX operon
Transcriptionally regulated by PhoP
Expression is induced in ganoderic acid (GA) producing conditions
By abscisic acid (ABA), drought and salt stress
By pheromone
By oxidative stress
Down-regulated in response to mild as well as prolonged energy depletion (PubMed:26442059). Up-regulated by glucose, sucrose and mannose (PubMed:26442059)
Transcription is highly induced by oxygen limitation and is under dual and independent control of Spo0A-AbrB and ResDE
During nodulation in legume roots after Rhizobium infection
Expression is regulated by light and circadian rhythms. In the SCN and harderian gland, maximum expression at ZT 6, lowest expression in the middle of the night at ZT 18. In the retina, peak levels at ZT 12, lowest levels at ZT 18
In fruits, expression is greatly decreased by gibberellic acid (GA3) on day 12 of storage and by 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) until day 12 of storage (PubMed:23265513). Expression in fruits is also decreased by low (0 degrees Celsius) temperature treatment throughout the storage (PubMed:25849978)
Expression is induced in biofilm and repressed by alpha pheromone
By low temperature but not by low oxygen levels, dehydration, heat shock, wounding or oxidative stress
Up-regulated in the midgut 24 hours after a blood meal
Up-regulated during granulocytic maturation (PubMed:17347302, PubMed:24163421)
Expression is under the control of StuA, which is responsible for transcriptional activation during acquisition of developmental competence
Expression is inceased two fold when the MAPK mpkB is deleted
Induced by hypoxia and heat shock
By cellulose, cellobiose, lactose and sophorose
Up-regulated in constant darkness and down-regulated in the light. Induced by cold (at protein level)
Expression is regulated by the two-component regulatory system SsrA/SsrB
Up-regulated during flagellar assembly
By stress, and tunicamycin
5-fold induction 30 min after touching
Induced by RpoS in stationary phase
By steroids (estrogen)
By anaerobic growth on Fe(3+) ions
By microRNA let-7; probably by direct interaction
Exhibits night/day variations with an increased expression at night. Higher levels in pineal gland in early morning than in early afternoon (at protein level)
Constitutively expressed. Not induced by stress, mastoparan or hypersensitive response elicitor harpin. Down-regulated by ABA
By gibberellin. Down-regulated by abscisic acid (ABA)
Down-regulated when grown with elevated levels of potassium chloride
Up-regulated by abscisic acid (ABA) and cold
A threefold increase of the activity arises after exposure to heat stress (37 degrees Celsius), to sodium chloride or ethanol for one hour. Not inducible by hydrogen peroxide
By jasmonate
Cell cycle-dependent with low levels at START and a peak in mitosis (at protein level)
In stationary phase (at protein level)
Up-regulated during growth on D-threitol relative to growth on glycerol
Up-regulated by salicylic acid (SA)
Up-regulated by biotic and abiotic stresses
By biotic and abiotic stresses such as pathogen infection (e.g. Botrytis cinerea and Pseudomonas syringae), salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), ethylene (ACC), liquid infiltration or spraying, and strongly during leaf senescence
Stimulated during seed imbibition (PubMed:24989044). Induced by gibberellins (GAs) and repressed by DELLA proteins in an ATML1- and PDF2-dependent manner (PubMed:24989044). Upon seed imbibition, increased GA levels in the epidermis reduce DELLA proteins (e.g. GAI/RGA2, RGA/RGA1/GRS and RGL2/SCL19) abundance and release, in turn, ATML1 and PDF2 which activate LIP1 expression, thus enhancing germination potential (PubMed:24989044)
Up-regulated by SHR
During stationary phase
Expressed in a circadian manner in the liver (at protein level)
By FGF signaling
Expression of the gene is induced inside phagocytic cells and is dependent on the SsrA/SsrB system
Up-regulated by aldosterone in kidney and colon, but not in heart. Down-regulated in cortex by antidepressant treatments
Induced by white light in dark-grown seedlings
By desiccation
When comparing gene expression levels of the four IMPase family genes in exponential cultures of M.tuberculosis, the level of cysQ is the highest, almost equal to sigA; impA and impC are expressed at approximately 40% of this level, while suhB is lowest, at 12% of the cysQ level
Expression is regulated by the Zn(2)-C6 fungal-type transcription factor FgSR which binds directly to the promoter
Negatively regulated by TnrA under nitrogen-limited conditions
Up-regulated in response to ifng1 (interferon gamma 1) and tnfb (TNF-alpha 2)
Down-regulated by white light in leaves
Induced by sodium arsenite
Induced by mannitol and repressed by glucose
Expressed in exponential phase (PubMed:10708372). Expressed from 2 promoters at the onset of sporulation, no longer expressed in mature colonies (PubMed:10671449)
Slightly induced by 20 J/m2 ultraviolet light. Member of the csa1-cas1/2-cas4 operon
Up-regulated in the majority of hepatitis C virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma
Not induced by galactose. Down-regulated by ethylene
By maltose and other alpha-glucosides, except sucrose
Expressed under normal conditions, its expression can further be increased after various stress treatments
Up-regulated by mechanical and gravity stimulations
Up-regulated in response to bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) signaling
By cold shock and salt stress
Circadian-regulation with peak levels occurring around 1 hour after dawn. Up-regulated by APRR1/TOC1 and transiently by light treatment. Down-regulated by APRR5, APRR7 and APRR9. The CCA1 mRNA is relatively stable in the dark and in far-red light but has a short half-life in red and blue light. Modulated by BHLH80/FBH1 via direct negative promoter regulation in response to warm temperature (at 28 degrees Celsius) (PubMed:25246594)
Up-regulated by light. Down-regulated by the herbicide R-imazethapyr
Repressed by NicR in the absence of 6-hydroxynicotinate (6HNA) inducer. In presence of 6HNA, repression is alleviated
By lipopolysaccharide
Up-regulated in peripherical mononuclear cells after antigen stimulation/lymphocyte activation
By rain-, wind-, and touch (thigmomorphogenesis)
Up-regulated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)
Up-regulated by flagellin and harpin
Expressed in a circadian manner in the midbrain with a higher level expression seen during the dark phase (at protein level)
By Notch signaling via a CBF1/Su(H)/Lag-1 (CSL)-dependent pathway
Decreased levels in 25-hydroxycholesterol treated melanocytes (at protein level)
Positively regulated by TnrA under nitrogen-limited conditions
Expression is controlled by the asperlin biosynthesis cluster-specific transcription factor alnR
Up-regulated by strigolactone treatment
By 5-alpha-di-hydrotestosterone and progesterone
By prolactin, IL-2 and FGF-2 in prolactin-dependent lymphoid cells (at protein level)
Head ectoderm expression is induced by RAX and lens expression is induced by PAX6
In wild-type flies, it is strongly down-regulated by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) interference mediated by Su(Ste) transcripts. In males lacking the Y chromosome, the absence of Su(Ste) locus, relieves such down-regulation, explaining why it is strongly expressed
Requires molybdenum
Expressed at all life stages
Expression is strongly up-regulated during the early stages of infection
Abundantly expressed under iodate-respiring conditions
Strongly down-regulated in muscle cell lines derived from biopsies of 5 Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients compared to a normal muscle cell line
Up-regulated in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress via the ERN1-XBP1 pathway of the unfolded protein response (UPR)
Up-regulated under iron starvation conditions
Induced by hydroxy-L-proline
By light, and also by 0.55 M NaCl
Up-regulated by auxin
Expression is positively regulated by the apicidin F cluster-specific transcription factor apf2 that binds to the eight-base-pair motif 5'-TGACGTGA-3' called the 'Api-box' that is found in all promoters of the apicidin F cluster except in the promoter region of apf2 itself (PubMed:25058475)
By probenazole (at protein level) (PubMed:17950386). Induced by UV-C (PubMed:24035516)
Is expressed at all temperatures, but accumulation of yceA transcripts decline with raising temperature. Thus, its expression is repressed by heat shock
Secreted in high amounts upon heat treatment of mature seeds
Induced by low temperature and by cycloheximide
By abscisic acid and H(2)O(2). Down-regulated by salt stress
Induced by a decrease in external pH from 7.5 to 5.7
Constitutively expressed at both 28 and 37 degrees Celsius. Induced by 0.3 M NaCl. Expression is RpoS dependent
Repressed by Fur in the presence of iron. Repressed at high pH by the two-component regulatory system CpxA/CpxR
Under oxygen-limited conditions
Stimulation by changing levels of cAMP via the cell surface cAMP receptor
Accumulates in root cortical cells containing arbuscules upon arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis with Glomus versiforme
By either cefoxitin or imipenem
Down-regulated in obstructive cholestasis. Up-regulated by treatment with pregnenolone-16 alpha-carbonitrile (PCN) and by overexpression of pregnane X receptor (PXR)
Up-regulated by mitogens and NUPR1
Unlike SOD4 and SOD5, SOD6 is not regulated during yeast to hyphae transition or by temperature. Up-regulated during biofilm formation and expression is controlled by HAP43
Up-regulated by CREB3 (PubMed:18587271). In NK cells, induced by IL2 (PubMed:9058802)
Expression is positively regulated by the dothistromin-specific transcription factors aflR and aflJ (PubMed:23207690, PubMed:25986547). Dothistromin biosynthetic proteins are co-regulated, showing a high level of expression at ealy exponential phase with a subsequent decline in older cultures (PubMed:17683963, PubMed:18262779)
Follows a circadian regulation; up-regulated in a diurnal manner. Accumulates in response to ammonium but repressed by nitrate. Induced by chloramphenicol (Chl), paraquat (Par), rotenone (Rot) and salicylic acid (SA)
Expression is highly up-regulated in invasive hyphae
Not induced by heat stress
Repressed by YefM, more strongly repressed by the YefM(2)YoeB heterotrimer. Induced in persister cells. Ectopic expression of Salmonella or Shigella toxin VapC induces the yefM-yoeB operon and also induces Yoeb toxin activity in a Lon protease-dependent manner
By putrescine
Cell cycle regulated with a peak at late M/early G1 phase mitosis (PubMed:24206843). Peak of expression during metaphase (PubMed:26261921). Strongly expressed up to mid-prophase I and decreases during late prophase (PubMed:26272661). Not induced by stress (PubMed:26261921)
Induced when inorganic phosphate is limiting; this is controlled by PhoB
By cytokinin (BA) in roots
By UV irradiation and repressed by p53/TP53
By PAX6
Regulated by an unusual system which consists of the activator GutM and the repressor GutR in addition to the cAMP-CRP complex
By iron limitation, glucose deprivation, and growth under low oxygen supply
Activation by auxin triggers recruitment to polysomes which release inactive ATPK1/S6K1
In exponential phase (at protein level)
By bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), TNF and IFNG/IFN-gamma. Induced by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) in U-937 cell line and bowes melanoma. Repressed by IL10/interleukin-10
By RAF1
Induced by abscisic acid (ABA) in aleurone cells, embryos, roots and leaves (PubMed:15618416, PubMed:19199048). Slightly down-regulated by gibberellic acid (GA) (PubMed:15618416). Accumulates in response to jasmonic acid (MeJA) (By similarity)
Expression is negatively regulated by the transcriptional repressor MT1396
By VEGF
With the exception of specific body sites, expression is induced under conditions of epithelial hyperproliferation such as wound healing, certain skin diseases, cancer, and by treatment of the skin with the phorbol ester PMA. Upon wounding, induced in the outer root sheath and the interfollicular epidermis including the basal cell layer (PubMed:10866680)
Lower levels upon jasmonic acid treatment
Down-regulated by cold
Transcriptionally induced by HrpL
Not regulated by 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone (DMBQ)
Expression is stimulated by gluscoe (PubMed:15054098). The promoter contains a CRE1 element (5'-TGACATAA-3') required for cAMP-mediated stimulation of expression (PubMed:15054098). Expression is also positively regulated by the cluster-specific transcription factor aflR that binds to an AFLR1 element (5'-TCGGCCAGCGA-3') (PubMed:15054098, PubMed:15746358). The promoter contains also an aflD-specific element called NorL (residues -210 to -238) and required for full transcription (PubMed:15746358). Natural plant compounds carvacrol (CR) and trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC) strongly reduce the expression (PubMed:26217023). Zataria multiflora essential oil reduces gene expression (PubMed:24294264). Expression is also repressed by curcumin (PubMed:23113196)
By flavanone naringenin
Negatively autoregulated. Induced by copper
By serum
Detected 12 hours post-infection of host HeLa cells
Induced by toluene
Transiently up-regulated during prolonged dark
By abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA). Down-regulated by salt treatment
Expression is negatively regulated by hstD (PubMed:23729383)
Expression is strongly increased during growth on protein-rich medium containing keratin
Regulated by thyroid hormone and TR
Induced by high temperatures (25 degrees Celsius) (PubMed:20610393). Induced by starvation (PubMed:25775534)
By serum starvation
By heat shock via the sigma factor RpoH (PubMed:9670013). Member of the two-component system CpxA/CpxR regulon (PubMed:9670013)
Transcriptionally regulated by YxdJ. Induced by the antibacterial protein LL-37, probably via YxdJ
Stilbenes such as resveratrol, piceatannol and pterostilbene downregulate the expression of the ochratoxin cluster
Induced specifically and reversibly by fructose both in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Also induced by ribose or xylose, but not by glucose
Up-regulated by TNF-alpha/TNFA (at protein level)
Expression is stimulated by conditions of low nutrient availability and high cell density
Circadian-regulation. Expression is higher during the light phase than during the dark phase. Down-regulated by chilling
Up-regulated when grown with elevated levels of potassium chloride
Expressed in a circadian manner in the brain with highest expression seen at Zeitgeber time (ZT) 6 hours
Down-regulated in muscle cell lines derived from patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)
The polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) containing MSI1, MEA, FIS2 and FIE repress the paternal RBR allele during pollen and seed development (PubMed:18976913). Down-regulated by TCP15 (PubMed:21992944)
By peptide YY
By rifampicin
By calcitrol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3)
Expression is regulated by the sporulation transcription factor sigma G
Expression is induced during limiting-nitrogen conditions by the nitrogen regulatory factor TnrA
Up-regulated in response to activation of unfolded protein response (UPR)
By salt stress and heat shock
By cytokines (TNF-alpha and interleukin-1) in acute monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1 cells
By abscisic acid (ABA), osmotic stress and heat shock
Slightly induced by glucose, gibberellic acid (GA), jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA). Transiently induced in inflorescence by mechanical stimuli such as touch or wounding, including herbivory-wounding. Up-regulated by sulfur-deficient stress
Both inositol and phosphate regulate GIT1 transcription and expression is positively regulated by the transcription factor PHO4 (PubMed:12912892)
Down-regulated during erythroid differentiation by GATA1. Down-regulated by HTLV-1 Tax through the CREB/ATF pathway. Up-regulated by the regulator of nonsense transcript UPF1. Up-regulated by the cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF4
By cytokinin
By cellulose, lactose and sophorose
Transcriptionally repressed by IdeR and iron. Induced during infection of human THP-1 macrophages
Up-regulated by CIA2 in leaves. Induced in light but repressed in darkness
Regulated by the transcription factor PHR2 (PubMed:20149131). Up-regulated in roots by phosphate starvation (PubMed:18563580). Down-regulated in roots by high phosphate or colonization by the mycorrhizal fungus G.intraradices (PubMed:12271140)
Negatively regulated by IolR. Induced by inositol
Up-regulated by drought, salt, abscisic acid (ABA)
Up-regulated in T-cells and B-cells activated through the TCR and the BCR respectively (at protein level)
By homocysteine (HC), may mediate accelerated synthesis of free thiol-containing proteins in response to HC-induced oxidative stress
Expression occurs in a growth-phase-dependent manner with optimal expression at post-exponential phase. Environmental conditions such as degree of aeration and salt concentration are also important in control of transcription and processing of SspA. Up-regulated by Agr (accessory gene regulator) and repressed by sigmaB factor and SarA
Transcripts accumulate during exponential growth. Is also subject to negative autoregulation
Induced by RH-0345, which is an ecdysone agonist used as insecticide
By growth on R,S-mandelamide, and to a lesser extent mandelate
Expression is directly activated by Rel (Relish)
By auxin and osmotic stress. Down-regulated by 1-N-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA), an auxin efflux inhibitor
Up-regulated by drought stress and in roots colonized by the beneficial endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica
Expression is induced by bacitracin, via the two-component regulatory system BceS/BceR
Expression is not affected in the presence of large amounts of glucose, during nitrogen starvation or at alkaline pH, conditions highly conducive to elsinochrome accumulation
By activation of lymphocytes by mitogens. By estrogen in the uterine epithelium of ovariectomized animals
Down-regulated by testosterone and retinoic acid
Not induced by Notch-signaling
By glucocorticoids (PubMed:18555765). Stimulated by the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) type glutamate receptor antagonist MK801 (PubMed:18555765). Vitamin D and the Wnt signaling pathway inhibit its expression and activity (PubMed:18555765). Down-regulated during osteoblast mineralization (PubMed:18555765)
Transcribed independently of the operon's upstream, overlapping gene (SCO3851); transcribed with srtE1 over the first 72 hours of growth. Part of the strE1-srtE2 operon
Up-regulated in response to IL4 and IL13 and during the allergic response
In brain pericytes, up-regulated at the mRNA level in response to oxidative stress
Is down-regulated by 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3
Induced by methyl jasmonate (MeJa) and UV irradiation
By estrogen in the uterine epithelium of ovariectomized animals. By eCG in ovary
Expressed in both exponential and stationary phase in rich medium; expression is higher in stationary phase (at protein level)
Induced by an increase in the osmolarity of the growth medium
By Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain DC3000 (PstDC3000)
Repressed by LexA, induced by DNA damage
Up-regulated in the leaf during the hypersensitive reaction provoked by a pathogen infection
Expression is repressed by the transcription factor hapX during iron starvation (PubMed:26960149)
During G2 phase of cell cycle. Promoter is bound by the FKH2 transcription factor
Induced during cold (4 degrees Celsius) acclimation (PubMed:17461790). Induced by salt (NaCl) (PubMed:20122158)
By high concentrations of Met (general AA biosynthesis control)
Highly up-regulated during growth on L-galactonate
Down-regulated during inflammation by inhibition of an SP1-mediated pathway
Repressed by BirA
Up-regulated in stimulated T-cells
The sibC sRNA prevents the toxic effects of IbsC overproduction, either by destabilizing the transcript and/or preventing its translation. Expression of the proteinaceous toxin is controlled by antisense sRNA SibC
Induced by TNF (at protein level)
Induced by TNF and becomes the predominant isoform which may lead to glucocorticoid resistance (at protein level)
Its expression is regulated by the 'high lysine' alleles Lys1 and Lys3a
Expression is highly regulated (PubMed:9852003). Expressed exclusively under anaerobic conditions in a manner that is largely FNR dependent (PubMed:9852003). Strongly induced by C4-dicarboxylates anaerobically (PubMed:9852003). Expression in response to C4-dicarboxylates is controlled via the DcuS-DcuR two-component system (PubMed:18957436). Repressed by NarL in the presence of nitrate and is subject to CRP-mediated catabolite repression (PubMed:9852003)
Induced by L-galactono-1,4-lactone (L-GalL), the terminal precursor for ascorbic acid (AsA) biosynthesis in the Smirnoff-Wheeler pathway
Down-regulated in leaf trichomes under salt treatment. Up-regulated by the fungal pathogen Phytophthora porri. Induced by cadmium (PubMed:16502469)
Up-regulated in the quinolinate synthase mutant old5 causing increased NAD steady state levels
By 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Induced at higher levels by TPA and cycloheximide together. Also induced by redox changes after stimulation by hydrogen peroxide or menadione
By (+)-camphor
Transcriptionally activated by CvfA
Positively regulated by the IlvR protein
By light, ABA and desiccation
Up-regulated during myotube formation
Induced by LEC2
Seems inhibited by heat shock
Up-regulated upon endoplasmic reticulum stress
Up-regulated by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in bone marrow-derived macrophages
Accumulates in roots during colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (e.g. Glomus versiforme)
By clofibrate
During infection of non-A non-B hepatitis virus or hepatitis delta virus
By heat shock and osmotic imbalance
By wounding and bacterial infection
Up-regulated under secretion stress conditions in a CssR/CssS-dependent manner
Transiently by ABA and polyethylene glycol (PEG)
Cotranscribed with vcrB and vcrC
By competence and damage
Repressed by NicS in the absence of 6-hydroxynicotinate (6HNA) or nicotinate inducers. In presence of 6HNA, repression is alleviated
By brefeldin A, oxidative stress and heat shock, but not by tunicamycin, hypersomotic stress or serum starvation
Induced by glutamine (at protein level)
Down-regulated in kidneys from a strain of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Down-regulated after unilateral ureteral obstruction or unilateral nephrectomy
Expressed during exponential growth, part of the mntA-hepT operon. Under control of MntA
Expression is up-regulated in the presence of benzoate
Seems to not be influenced by wounding
Up-regulated by adenine, via the adenine-dependent riboswitch. Also up-regulated by hypoxanthine and guanine
Induced by abscisic acid (ABA) and drought stress
Expression is decreased in presence of phenylacetic acid (PAA) (PubMed:23776469)
Expression increases >200-fold after exposure to tetracycline, doxycycline or inhibitor anhydrotetracycline but not tigecycline; expression is repressed by upstream TetR (MAB_1497c), is not under control of whiB7. Probably part of the TetR-TetX operon
In macrophages, up-regulated by IFNG, but not by IL2, IL4, IL10, nor TNF (PubMed:7884320). Up-regulated by IFNG in lymph node cells and thymocytes and other cell types (PubMed:7836757, PubMed:9725230, PubMed:24563254). In astrocytes, up-regulated by TNF and IFNG; when both cytokines are combined, the effect is synergistic (PubMed:19285957). Due to sequence similarity with Tgtp1, it is impossible to assign unambiguously experimental data published in the literature to Tgtp1 or Tgtp2 gene (Probable)
Induced by MprA. Induced by low concentrations of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). In strain BCG / Pasteur, induced during growth in macrophages
By activin; retinoic acid (RA) inhibits this up-regulation. Expression in neurons is regulated by calcium (Ca2+) activity: the lower the activity, the larger the number of neurons showing expression
Transcriptionally induced by CfaD and Rns
Up-regulated after Agrobacterium infection
Induced by abscisic acid both at transcriptional and at post-translational (pre-mRNA splicing) levels
Not induced in roots by phosphate starvation
By growth in high osmolarity conditions under control of OmpR (at protein level)
Induced in the liver 48 hours after tetrachloromethane (CCL4) administration
Up-regulated during apoptosis
Induced by oxidative stress and during contact with neutrophils. Expression is also up-regulated by the thioredoxin TRX1 and by treatment with Chinese herbal medicine baicalein
By hrpB
Up-regulated in articular cartilage and synovium from arthritis patients
Up-regulated by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) in T-cells
Down-regulated by mechanical and gravity stimulations
Expression is induced by methionine (PubMed:26173180). Nitrogen starvation induces expression of terB and promotes terrein production during fruit infection, via regulation by areA and atfA (PubMed:26173180). Iron limitation acts as a third independent signal for terrein cluster induction via the iron response regulator hapX (PubMed:26173180). Finally, expression is under the control of the terrein cluster-specific transcription factor terR (PubMed:25852654)
Rapid up-regulation during lymphocyte activation
Induced by cellular stress
Up-regulated by infection with P.aeruginosa
Up-regulated by Wnt signaling (PubMed:24670762). Up-regulated in the brain of aging individuals but not in Alzheimer disease patients (PubMed:24670762). Up-regulated by oxidative stress (PubMed:24670762). Down-regulated during neural progenitor cell differentiation (PubMed:21258371)
By sucrose, glucose, and fructose
Not induced by ethylene
Positively regulated by the two-component system YycFG. Expression is maximal during exponential growth
By lack of glutamine
Regulated by Ada in response to alkylating agents. Also induced by anaerobiosis or by acetate at pH 6.5, via RpoS. Represses its own synthesis during normal cell growth
Accumulates in individuals with asthma (at protein levels). Induced by tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Repressed by androgens (e.g. R1881)
During hormone-induced adipose differentiation and activated by insulin
By beta interferon (PubMed:2477366, PubMed:14764608). By IL6 in splenocytes (at protein level) (PubMed:14764608)
Is up-regulated (four-fold) by 4-coumarate (4-hydroxycinnamate) (PubMed:23065750, PubMed:29934329). Is also induced by its substrate, 4-vinylphenol (PubMed:29934329)
Up-regulated in CD14+ monocytes in response to the uropathogenic E.coli strain CFT073
By staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) in peripheral blood leukocytes
Induced during growth on cutin, in a manner dependent on transcription factors FarA and FARB (PubMed:30863878). Induced during growth on olive oil (PubMed:30863878, PubMed:22238011). Not induced during growth on the lipidic carbon sources 16-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid and propyl ricinoleate (synthetic cutin monomers), or triacetin and triesterate (triglycerides) (PubMed:30863878). Repressed during growth on glucose and on starch (PubMed:30863878, PubMed:22238011)
Highly induced by starvation during long-term stationary phase, while shows very low expression during exponential growth
By ammonium supply or colonization by nitrogen-fixing bacteria in roots. Down-regulated by glutamine supply in roots. Highest expression after onset of light
Triggered by EOBI in flowers
Induced by abscisic acid (ABA) and salt (PubMed:18326788). Induced by D-allose (PubMed:23397192). Induced by drought stress (PubMed:25418692, PubMed:25735958)
By rhamnose, galacturonic acid, polygalacturonic acid and sugar beet pectin
Under iron starvation
Induced by abscisic acid (ABA), and drought and salt stresses
By phorbol ester and inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF or IL1B/interleukin-1 beta, but not by growth factors
Expressed at low, approximately equal levels in exponential and stationary phases (at protein level)
By infection with O.dukei and O.ochengi
Up-regulated in cell lines and primary tumor samples with active AKT1
Induced by high temperature (PubMed:27611567). Repressed by the antifungal agent caspofungin (PubMed:31266771)
Expressed during both exponential and post-exponential growth (at protein level)
Up-regulated by IFNG/IFN-gamma in mesangial cells
Down-regulated upon stimulation with mitogen phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) or concavalin A in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)
Expressed in leaves after powdery mildew infection (e.g. Erysiphe cichoracearum UCSC1)
Repressed by FadR in the absence of LCFAs (fatty acids of, at least, 12 carbon atoms). When LCFAs are present in the medium, they are converted to long-chain acyl-CoAs which bind to FadR resulting in its release from the DNA and thus derepression of the transcription
The msmABCD operon is induced by methanesulfonic acid (MSA)
Expression is regulated by the secondary metabolite regulator cclA
Up-regulated by gonadotropin treatment
By stress (PubMed:12529438). Up-regulated by both hyper- and hypo-osmotic shocks (PubMed:22910366)
By ischemia/reperfusion and endotoxemia
Up-regulated in hepatocytes by pro-inflammatory cytokine IL6 and down-regulated by anti-inflammatory cytokine IL10
By mating pheromone. Expression is directly controlled by STE12 as cells respond to mating pheromone
Rapid but transient induction by wounding, salicylic acid treatment or pathogen infection
Activated by the two-component regulatory system MalK/MalR in response to malate. The regulator MalR binds to the promoter region of yflS
By testosterone
Up-regulated following cold exposure and upon fasting
Induced by oxidant stress in pulmonary artery endothelial cells
Up-regulated by PPARD
Expression is induced by cold and PPAR-gamma (PPARG)
Up-regulated by heavy metals such as Cu(2+) and Cd(2+), but Zn(2+) and Co(2+) have no effect. Forms part of an operon with mcsA, mcsB and clpC
Repressed by ppGpp in the presence of histidine
Accumulates in embryo upon imbibition
Down-regulated by MPK4
By acetochlor, metolachlor, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and 2,6-dinitrotoluene (2,6-DNT)
Down-regulated when the beta-APP42/beta-APP40 ratio is high, which is typical of Alzheimer's disease
Abundance in leaves follows a photoperiod-dependent circadian rhythm with an oscillating expression pattern peaking late in the light period (PubMed:21398647, Ref.10). Inhibited by water stress (PubMed:21398647). Repressed by abscisic acid (ABA), drought, high salinity (NaCl) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) treatments (Ref.10). Triggered by zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs); this induction is reversed by sodium nitroprusside (SNP, a NO donor) (PubMed:25958266). Accumulates upon infection by the bacterial blight agent X.oryzae pv. Oryzae (Xoo) strain PXO99 (PubMed:27185545). Influenced by heat stress (HS); up-regulated in conditons 35 degrees Celsius day / 27 degrees Celsius night, but repressed in conditions 38 degrees Celsius day / 30 degrees Celsius night (PubMed:29464319)
Repressed by sulfate and cysteine
Barely expressed under any of the conditions tested
By nitric oxide
Expression is induced by E2F1, E2F2 and E2F3
Up-regulated by VEGFA
Glucagon release is stimulated by hypoglycemia and inhibited by hyperglycemia, insulin, and somatostatin. GLP-1 and GLP-2 are induced in response to nutrient ingestion (By similarity)
Expression is repressed by the transcriptional regulator CodY (PubMed:12618455, PubMed:21097623). Contains two CodY-binding sites in the bcaP regulatory region, which both contribute to repression in vivo and do so independently of each other (PubMed:21097623). A single CodY-binding site is apparently sufficient for substantial CodY-dependent regulation, but both upstream and downstram CodY-binding regions are required for maximal repression of bcaP (PubMed:21097623). Efficient bcaP repression by CodY requires the simultaneous presence of isoleucine, leucine and valine, and other amino acids in the growth medium (PubMed:21097623)
Induced by salt stress, cold stress, drought stress and abscisic acid (ABA)
Up-regulated by auxin (IAA). Down-regulated by salicylic acid (SA) and hydrogen peroxide
By cold stress in adult brain. Cold-induction may be adult-specific since cold-induction is not observed during embryonic development. Induced by tcf7l1/tcf-3
Most efficiently by hypoxanthine. Twice the level of the transcription increase compared with the level due to induction by adenine, which exhibits 10-fold increase from non-induced (PubMed:23773263, PubMed:25513995). Low levels induced by ammonium and nitrate. 43 mmol/l ammonium or nitrate and 2.5 mmol/l adenine together induce only 2- to 3-fold higher levels compared to non-induced level (PubMed:23773263)
Up-regulated by the addition of dimethyl sulfoxide to aerobically growing cells. These conditions also increase the levels of SAMP3 conjugates in cells
Expression is positively regulated by the cluster-specific transcription factor otaR1 (PubMed:30054361, PubMed:33540740). Stilbenes such as resveratrol, piceatannol and pterostilbene downregulate the expression of the ochratoxin cluster (PubMed:35082059)
Not regulated by wounding, dehydration stress, methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid or abscisic acid treatments
Regulated by NMDA receptor
Castration resulted in a marked decrease in the level of the mRNA coding for the protein, whereas administration of testosterone to castrated males resulted in a marked increase
Part of the probable 17 gene mamAB operon
Induced by infection with the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, and the inducer of plant defense responses benzothiadiazole (BTH)
Regulated in response to changes in circulating iron concentrations, iron stores or the development of inflammation and iron-restricted erythropoiesis. Down-regulated following anemia induced by hemorrhage or hemolysis: down-regulation is mediated by ERFE (PubMed:12370282, PubMed:24880340, PubMed:15124018). The induction of upon inflammation is mediated by IL6 (PubMed:15124018)
By serum growth factors
By E2F1
Down-regulated in hepatocarcinoma
By abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene, dehydration, salt and cold
Repressed by the toxin-antitoxin system MqsR-MqsA; this mRNA is degraded by mRNA interferase MqsR
Not part of the egtA-egtB-egtC-egtD operon (PubMed:26774486)
In a cell cycle-dependent manner. Induced at low level through G1. Increased during S phase and decreased at the end of S phase
Expressed in a circadian manner in the liver with peak levels seen at CT12 (at protein level). Expressed in a circadian manner in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the brain and heart with peak levels seen between CT16 and CT20 in the SCN and between CT8 and CT12 in the heart
Alternative splicing of the pre-mRNA occurs in the 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) (PubMed:19368389). The shorter mRNA is constitutive transcript at all growth stages and different carbon or nitrogen sources, but the glutamate and NaNO(3) as main nitrogen source can up-regulate the longer mRNA form (PubMed:19368389). The longer mRNA is probably not translated (PubMed:19368389)
Up-regulated in the zygote after fertilization by the transcription factor WRKY2 (PubMed:21316593). Up-regulated by CLE8 (PubMed:22427333)
Expressed in mid-log phase, cotranscribed with lmo2184, the second gene in a possible lmo2186-lmo2180 operon (PubMed:15028680). Present in both exponential and stationary phase; more protein is expressed in log phase (at protein level) (PubMed:15028680, PubMed:16247833, PubMed:21725001). Induced under iron-deficient conditions and when fur (lmo1956, AC Q8Y5U9) is deleted (at protein level) (PubMed:15661014). Induced when bacteria are grown in human cell lines (PubMed:15661014)
Expressed equally at pH 5.5 and 7.2. Part of the arfA-arfB-arfC operon
Induced after microbes administration in the intestinal epithelia, particularly in the duodenal and jejunal epithelia (PubMed:11368156, PubMed:14967068). Down-regulated by androgen in the caput epididymis (PubMed:24284406)
Weakly induced by Pseudomonas syringae tomato (avirulent avrRpt2 strain), but also by mock inoculation
Slightly induced by Mn(2+), Na(+) and Ni(2+)
Up-regulated by prolactin in T-cell lymphoma. Maximum level of expression occurs at the G1/S phase transition of the cell cycle
Down-regulated by heat treatment
It is made aerobically and anaerobically, in minimal medium
Induced by eugenol and isoeugenol
Not induces in aerial parts by treatments with jasmonic acid, 6-ethyl indanoyl-L-Ile, fungal peptaibol elicitor alamethicin or herbivory
Highly activated by the presence of cholesterol
Up-regulated in response to filamentous phage secretin protein IV. Induced by PspF and negatively regulated by PspA
Reduced expression upon sucrose depletion-mediated cell proliferation arrest, and accumulates after sucrose treatment
Induced by wounding, methyl jasmonate and abscisic acid (ABA) (PubMed:12428010). Induced by salt stress (PubMed:14684170). Induced by osmotic stress (PubMed:10481069). Induced by freezing (PubMed:18701673). Induced by the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas viridiflava (PubMed:25409942)
Induced by hypoxia. Up-regulated in proliferating myoblasts induced to form differentiated myotubes
By high salt, desiccation and light stresses (at protein level)
Induced in early post-exponential phase, its expression decreases again at OD578 2-2.5
Induced by N-acetylneuraminate and modulated by N-acetylglucosamine, via the NanR and NagC regulators
Expression is linked to the cell cycle: low in serum-starved fibroblasts, increasing during the G1/S phase, highest during the S/G2 phase and then decreasing again
Induced by albendazole and thiabendazole, which inhibit the GTPase activity of FtsZ and probably septum formation
Expression is down-regulated by glibenclamide and 5-[(4-carboxyphenyl)methylene]-2-thioxo-3-(3-trifluoromethyl)phenyl-4-thiazolidinone (CFTR(inh)172), and up-regulated by cAMP/isoproterenol/IBMX, components that inhibit and stimulate chloride transport activity respectively
Up-regulated in response to cold in brown adipose tissue where it may regulate non-shivering thermogenesis (at protein level) (PubMed:20466728, PubMed:25578880). Up-regulated by high-fat diet (at protein level) (PubMed:19187776)
Up-regulated by prenatal nicotine exposure
By peroxisome proliferator methylclofenapate; 1000-fold in liver, 10-fold in kidney
Operon autorepressed by HigA1
By triiodothyronine
Transcribed under partial control of SigM ECF sigma factor (PubMed:17434969)
A possible member of the dormancy regulon. Induced in response to reduced oxygen tension (hypoxia). It is hoped that this regulon will give insight into the latent, or dormant phase of infection
By elevated dietary lipid levels in the intestine of the juvenile fish
In the growth phase, expression is correlated with several factors that lead to preference for the spore pathway. During multicellular development, expression increases 200-fold in differentiating spores
Up-regulated in the zygote after fertilization by the transcription factor WRKY2
In osteoarthritis affected-cartilage
Strongly expressed during exponential growth, decreases 2-4-fold in stationary phase, part of the rpsF-ssbA-rpsR operon (PubMed:14762004). The operon is induced by DNA damage by mitomycin C (PubMed:14762004)
By isopentenyladenine (iP), cis-zeatin (cZ) and dihydrozeatin (DHZ) (PubMed:22642989). Induced by cytokinin in roots (PubMed:17408920)
By galactose and on the plasma membrane by iron or copper deficiency. Repressed by glucose
Expression is co-regulated with the other genes from the iso-A82775C biosynthesis cluster and probably controlled by the cluster-specific transcription factors iacI and iacK
Slightly induced by the powdery mildew fungus G.cichoracearum
By indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and cycloheximide (CHX)
Induced by blue light
Up-regulated by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, PAO1 strain and PA14 strain infection and down-regulated by phagocytic stimuli
Expression is positively regulated by pcz1 (PubMed:25811807)
Actively expressed during vegetative growth
Induced by jasmonic acid (MeJA), salicylic acid (SA) and UV-C irradiation (PubMed:28365519). Accumulates upon root colonization by Myrmica ants (Myrmica sabuleti and Myrmica scabrinodis) concomitantly with jasmonates induction; this leads to the production of carvacrol, an attractant for the phytophagous-predaceous butterfly Maculinea arion, whose larvae initially feed on Origanum vulgare flowerheads before switching to parasitize Myrmica ant colonies for their main period of growth (PubMed:26156773). Slightly repressed by Spodoptera littoralis, an herbivory insect (PubMed:30231481)
Down-regulated during cell terminal differentiation. Accumulates during G2 phase and falls at completion of the cell cycle
Induced by elevated temperatures via the sigma-32 factor RpoH. Repressed by a SAM riboswitch, which is also effective when transcription is sigma-32-mediated
By androgens
Induced at low K(+) concentrations (in M.tuberculosis); overexpression of LprF or LprJ increases expression of this gene at 0 and 250 uM K(+) (in M.smegmatis)
Induced by chitin (e.g. chitooctaose) (PubMed:17722694). Accumulates in plants exposed to callus induction medium (CIM) (PubMed:17581762)
Down-regulated in NT2 neurons subjected to stress conditions which triggers neuronal apoptosis such as oxygen and glucose deprivation, followed by up-regulation in surviving cells
Down-regulated by oxidative stress
Up-regulated in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas. Expression is strongly inhibited in the medial septum and hippocampus brain regions of some Alzheimer disease patients
By imbibition
Expression in the liver and plasma oscillates in a circadian manner
By UV, flagellin, and jasmonic acid (JA) treatments
Induced by abscisic acid (ABA), salt stress and dehydration
Involved in multiple regulatory feedback loops with other endodermal factors, including the nodal-related factors/Xnrs. Autoinduces. By activin. Directly by vegt; originally cell-autonomously and then cell contact is required for expression to be maintained. By bmp-signaling
Expression is positively regulated by the atrR transcription factor (PubMed:28052140). Expression is induced upon voriconazole treatment (PubMed:16622700, PubMed:24123268). Expression is increased in clinical azole-resistant isolates (PubMed:23580559, PubMed:32209680). In particular F20140, F18304 and F18454 show over 25-fold greater basal expression levels, whereas F19980 (7.2-fold), F20063 (6.5-fold), F20451 (3.6-fold), F18454 (5.1-fold) and F15483 (2.1-fold) also show significantly raised levels of basal expression (PubMed:23580559)
Expression is down-regulated by ralstonins, lipopeptides produced by the plant pathogenic bacteria Ralstonia solanacearum (PubMed:29182847). Expression is positively regulated by the imizoquins cluster-specific transcription regulator imqK (PubMed:29182847)
Induced in the presence of tert-butyl alcohol (TBA)
Induced by anaerobiosis, there is no significant expression in an aerobic environment. Expression is further induced in the presence of nitrate or nitrite
Expression is induced ba resveratrol but is not dependent on light
By hydrogen peroxide. By abscisic acid (ABA), drought, and salt stress through the MKK1-MPK6 mediation
Induced following a blood meal (PubMed:10469250). Induced in response to bacterial infection (PubMed:10469250, PubMed:10646969). Induced in response to P.berghei infection (PubMed:16922859, PubMed:10646969)
Down-regulated by wounding, drought stress, salt stress and treatment with abscicid acid (ABA)
Up-regulated by dark and cold shock, anaerobiosis and upon seed imbibition. Repressed by gibberellic acid treatment in aleurones, but not in leaves. Not affected by abscisic acid treatment
Expression is induced in response to 2-benzoxasolinone (BOA) exposure
Down-regulated in lung cancer
Activated by RamA and repressed by RamB and GlxR
Expression was observed only in the late logarithmic and stationary phase. Repressed by the ferric uptake repressor (fur) protein in the presence of iron
Not induced in larvae following injection with microorganisms
Expression is controlled by rpkA
Up-regulated in subcutaneous adipose tissue during obesity and diabetes (at protein level)
By jasmonate and wounding
Up-regulated under iron-deficient growth conditions. Repressed by Fur under iron-rich growth conditions
Expression decreases as cell grow from early to late log phase and further decreases in stationary phase; there is about 5-fold less mRNA in stationary than early log phase
Repressed during growth on high concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxypropionic acid (2,4-DCPP)
Down-regulated during neuronal differentiation, probably by NMDA receptor
Equally expressed in stationary and exponential phase (at protein level)
Up-regulated in pancreas by obesity and dietary fat intake and in diabetic animals
By cold shock
By methyl jasmonate (MeJA)
Not induced by heat shock, instead protein level is decreased
By growth on polymeric substrates and L-arabitol
Fear memory increases expression 7-fold
By touch and during darkness conditions
Induced to high levels following extreme ionizing radiation exposure. Also highly induced in response to desiccation stress
Repressed by FadR in the absence of LCFAs (fatty acids of 14-20 carbon atoms). When LCFAs are present in the medium, they are converted to long-chain acyl-CoAs, which antagonize fadR as to its binding to fadR boxes on target DNA and thus derepress transcription
Expression down-regulated in quiescent fibroblasts and clearly induced by serum stimulation
By gibberellin (GA3) and brassinosteroid
Expression is up-regulated in spores
By EGF
Repressed by RspR
By pathogenic bacteria (e.g. P.syringae) and jasmonic acid (MeJA)
By fungal elicitors. Elicitation triggers a rapid, transient induction, reaching maximal abundances within about 0.5 hours and returning to basal levels within 4 hours
Up-regulated by hypoxia (PubMed:20097791). Up-regulated by the ERF-VII transcription factor RAP2-12 during hypoxia
By auxin (e.g. NAA)
During the developmental stage
Expression is down-regulated during macrophage differention of HL-60 cells
Down-regulated in cells grown photoheterotrophically with succinate
During adipocyte differentiation
By dehydration stress
Up-regulated in peripheral blood monocytes exposed to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
The ttgDEF operon is induced in the presence of toluene and styrene, but not m-xylene
Expression is low in vegetative mycelia and up-regulated during development of the basidiocarp
By oleate
Not induced by cytokinin treatment
Induced by arabinose (PubMed:2231717) (Probable). Transcription is dependent on the transcription factor AraC, the cAMP receptor protein (CRP) and cAMP (PubMed:2231717)
The mpl and the listeriolysin genes being physically linked, their expression may be regulated in a similar manner
The BMC operon and BMC production is induced by growth on 1,2-PD vitamin B12 medium
By adriamycin, gamma irradiation and H(2)O(2), in a p53/TP53-dependent way. At lower levels by UV irradiation. By TP73
May be induced by p53/TP53, suggesting that it may be required to modulate p53/TP53 response (PubMed:12417719). The relevance of such activity in vivo is however unclear and may not exist (PubMed:12417719). Induced by ATF4 in response to the unfolded protein response (UPR) (PubMed:24809345)
Expressed under trichothecene-inducing conditions
Induced by adriamycin treatment and this effect is counteracted by HGF/SF. Expression is reduced during differentiation
Detected as an approximately 140 kDa protein in bacteria (at protein level). Part of a high-molecular weight complex with other proteins from the ptox and cry loci. Encoded in the ptox locus, possibly in an ntnh-orfX1-orfX2-orfX3-pmp1 operon. Antibodies were raised against a peptide in the heavy chain (residues 422-435)
Circadian oscillation with peaks at subjective dusk
Up-regulated by herbivory and jasmonic acid, but not by salicylic acid
Transcriptionally up-regulated in t(1:19) pre-B cell acute lymphocytic leukemia by the chimeric TCF3-PBX1. Not expressed in pre-B cell that lack this translocation
By arsenic
Induced by treatment with the proteasome inhibitor MG132
Transcription is controlled by three promoters. Two of these promoters, P1 and P3 are expressed mainly during vegetative growth. The third one, P2, is up-regulated around the onset of sporulation
Under conditions of nitrogen excess, repressed by GlnR. Under conditions of nitrogen-limited growth, it positively regulates its own expression
Up-regulated by type-I interferon (PubMed:21151029). Up-regulated by poly(I:C) (PubMed:21151029)
Down-regulated in response to mild as well as prolonged energy depletion
Induced by cold in a DREB1A-dependent manner; this induction is accompanied by a reduction in trimethylation of 'Lys-27' of histone H3 (H3K27me3) in GOLS3 promoter (PubMed:19500304). Induced by methylviologen (MV), a superoxide radical generating drug
Up-regulated during cold stress (PubMed:19508276). Not regulated by Pi-starvation (PubMed:19566645, PubMed:24692424)
By phosphate-limiting growth conditions
Up-regulated by low magnesium ion levels
Activated by SigB in response to stress due to ethanol
By the phenolic antioxidant ethoxyquin
By p53/TP53. Protein levels are stabilized following gamma-irradiation
Transcription induced 6-fold by phosphate starvation, protein levels increase after 24 hours starvation (at protein level) (PubMed:20933472). Part of the pstS3-pstC2-pstA1 operon
Expression is regulated by FKH2 and repressed upon adherence to polystyrene and interaction with macrophages
Up-regulated in adipocytes of obese-diabetic db/db mice
Induced during infection of cotton
Expression increases in late G1 phase compared to other phases of the cell cycle
By LPS stimulation in the liver
Transcriptionally regulated by HrpG and HrpX
Target gene of PPARG, expression is induced upon PPARG activation (PubMed:26629404, PubMed:26240143). Expression is inhibited by TNF (PubMed:26240143)
Isoform 2: Imprinted (PubMed:21593219). Promoter methylation of the paternal allele may restrict expression to the maternal allele in placenta and leukocytes (PubMed:21593219). Isoform 1: Biallelically expressed (PubMed:21593219)
Acetate induction mediated by facB regulatory gene and probably by amdA regulatory gene. Omega amino acid induction is dependent on amdR regulatory gene
Exhibits night/day variations with a 100-fold increased expression at night in the pineal gland (at protein level). Up-regulation is due to a large degree to the release of norepinephrine from nerve terminals in the pineal gland and cAMP signaling pathway
Constitutively expressed from a very weak SigL-independent promoter during growth in culture. Also weakly autoregulated. Forms an operon with sigL
Expression is enhanced during wounding
Negatively controlled by the level of physiologically active gibberellin
By IL-1, LPS, peptidoglycan, bacterial lipoprotein, flagellin, MALP-2, R-848 and CpG DNA, but not by TNF-alpha
By heavy metal stress conditions, in response to Cu(2+)
By autocrine inflammatory stimuli
Highly expressed after 6 and 96 hours growth, there are fewer copies at 96 hours (at protein level)
Up-regulated at the mRNA level during transition from exponential to stationary phase. However, at the protein level, PanA is expressed at a high and relatively constant level throughout growth
Expression in female liver is influenced by circadian rhythm
Little by LPS or ConA in spleen cells
Strongly induced during mating of two strains of the opposite sex
Induced by flagellin (flg22)
Induced by Pseudomonas syringae tomato (both virulent and avirulent avrRpt2 strains), independently of PAD4. Also induced by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) independently of JAR1. Ethylene induction is completely dependent on a functional ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE2 (EIN2), whereas induction by wounding does not need EIN2. Induction by salicylic acid (SA) seems to be independent of PAD4 and NPR1. Transcripts accumulate strongly in cycloheximide-treated plants, a protein synthesis inhibitor. Seems to not be influenced by exogenous abscisic acid (ABA), cold, heat, NaCl or drought stress
Up-regulated during photomorphogenesis
Regulated by the MADS-box transcription factor srfA during development
Induced during stationary growth phase
By selenium deprivation
By insulin in subcutaneous adipose tissue
During amino acid starvation
By anaerobical conditions and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)
Expression is under the control of NF-kappa-B as well as the B-cell specific transcription factors PAX5 and EBF1
Up-regulated by bacteria, fungi and bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS)
By excess zinc
Induced by farnesol and ciclopirox. Expression is higher in opaque cells compared to white cells
By the transcription factor NKX2-5 that acts as a direct regulator
Expression is negatively regulated by XylR and is subject to CcpA-dependent catabolite repression
Expressed during symbiosis establishment in parallel to host M.truncatula PT4, the gene coding for an arbuscule-specific phosphate transporter
By flooding and etiolating but not by oxidative, nitrosative or hormonal stresses
By dehydration stress, auxin, abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonate, ozone and transition from dark to far-red and red light
Protein amounts are increased by ER stress elicited by tunicamycin
Expressed in copper depleted conditions via the regulation of the macA transcription factor
Down-regulated upon cholesterol-rich diet
By a subset of cytokines including IL6 and LIF
Expression is induced by the presence of dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) or by the deletion of OSM1, a HOG1-related mitogen-activated protein kinase (PubMed:26503170). Expression is directly induced by the TeA-specific transcription factor TAS2 which is itself regulated by the secondary metabolism regulator LAE1 (PubMed:28820236). Infection by the totivirus activates the expression of TAS1 by up-regulating the transcription of the gene transcription factor TAS2 (PubMed:32765467)
Down-regulated by chilling
By salt and drought stress
Regulated by CysB in response to sulfate starvation
Expression in metabolically active tissues is significantly suppressed by refeeding
Up-regulated by sucrose, fructose and glucose. Up-regulated under elevated CO2 condition
Expression is significantly up-regulated at the end of late growth phase, in the presence of Butyrolactone I (PubMed:28471414). Expression is positively regulated by the pgm cluster-specific transcription factor pgmR (PubMed:35351612)
Induced by UV-B in leaves and petioles, but not in roots and stems
Induced transiently by abscisic acid (ABA), salt (NaCl), cold and drought
Transcriptionally induced in the absence of sulfur, requires CysR for transcription. Part of the srpG-srpH-srpI operon
Positively regulated by cholesterol and negatively regulated by insulin
Expression is down-regulated when the stress-activated mitogen-activated protein kinase (sakA) is deleted (PubMed:20519633)
Within 24 hours after estradiol administration, APOB mRNA is increased five- to seven-fold in liver but is unchanged in intestine and kidney
By lactose and various galactosides, and subject to catabolite repression by glucose, galactose and succinate. In strain AR50 the expression of the lac operon is constitutive
Expression is regulated by the aurofusarin biosynthesis cluster-specific transcription factor aurR1/GIP2 (PubMed:16879655, PubMed:16461721)
Expression is induced in planta during disease development and peaks at 3 days post-inoculation correlating with the onset of necrotic lesion development (PubMed:22241993). Expression is increased in the absence of toxin A (ToxA) (PubMed:30858234)
Up-regulated by konjac glucomannan and by cellobiose and mannobiose, the possible degradation products of glucomannan. Repressed by glucose via the carbon catabolite repression system. Also repressed by GmuR
Highly expressed during syntrophic growth with butyrate (at protein level). Seems to be constitutively expressed
By sulfate starvation
Induced by expression of DNA ADP-ribosyl transferase (darT) mutant G49D but not by mutant E170A; G49D has decreased ssDNA ADP-ribosylation activity while E170A has lost the activity (at protein level)
The activity of this enzyme increases in presence of mating pheromone (transcriptional regulation)
Induced in root epidermal cells and outer cortical cells upon root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi (e.g. Rhizophagus irregularis), especially in arbuscule-containing cells under low phosphate (Pi) conditions
This transcript is expressed at a very low level between 4.5 and 72 umol blue light/m2/s. The whole antenna complex is most highly expressed under low light; as the light levels increase antenna complex levels decrease. Thus at least in this strain the amount of antenna complex is controlled mostly at a post-transcriptional level. The transcript is also strongly induced in response to iron-starvation
Autoregulated. Induced upon growth on fatty acids
Circadian-regulation (PubMed:23341335). Down-regulated by extrinsic thiamine, via a vitamin B1 derivative thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP)-sensing riboswitch regulation. Detected in both dark and light grown seedlings; increased progressively after transfer of etiolated seedlings to light. Up-regulated by salt, osmotic stress and abscisic acid (PubMed:22214485)
By histidine
Transcriptionally repressed by rok (PubMed:15743949), this was not found to be the case in another study (PubMed:17921301)
By salt (NaCl)
By ethanol and acetone in the liver and by testosterone in the kidney and adrenal tissues
By cholic acid
Moderately induced by chitin oligomers (e.g. chitohexaose (6-mer) and chitooctaose (8-mer))
Down-regulated by IFNG/IFN-gamma (at protein level). Up-regulated in anaplastic thyroid cancer cell lines
Hormones, such as auxin, environmental factors, such as mechanical wounding and a number of chemicals
Up-regulated by heavy metals such as Cu(2+) and Cd(2+), but Zn(2+) and Co(2+) have no effect. Forms part of an operon with ctsR, mcsB and clpC, which is repressed by CtsR
Repressed by brassinosteroids (BRs) such as brassinolide and 24-epi-brassinolide in a BRI1-dependent manner (PubMed:12012249). Induced rapidly but transiently induced by chitin, a fungal pathogen elicitor (PubMed:12012249)
By the leaffolder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis infestation and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment
Activated by IL6/interleukin-6 through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) pathway. It is likely that activation occurs through binding of phosphoinositides to the PH domain
Up-regulated in roots 2 hours after jasmonate treatment and 24 hours after wounding. Not induced in the leaves
By copper deficiency. Down-regulated by treatment with high concentrations of copper
Slightly repressed by vernalization. Negatively regulated at the chromatin level by VIL1 through the photoperiod and vernalization pathways. Requires EARLY FLOWERING 7 (ELF7) and ELF8 to be expressed. Up-regulated by HUA2
Induced by light
Only isoforms A are inducibly expressed in T lymphocytes upon activation of the T-cell receptor (TCR) complex. Induced after co-addition of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and ionomycin. Also induced after co-addition of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and ionomycin. Weakly induced with PMA, ionomycin and cyclosporin A
Upon exposure to a range of metals, particularly cadmium, zinc, copper and mercury
Expression activated by ComK (PubMed:11918817, PubMed:11948146)
By water stress, heat shock and to a small extent by abscisic acid (ABA). Induced within 30 min after the loss of leaf turgor
Up-regulated by cytokine stimulation
By PilR (PilR/S system) and RNA polymerase sigma-54 factor/RpoN
Accumulates upon phosphate (Pi) deprivation (PubMed:24297892). Expressed during arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis with AM fungi (e.g. Glomus versiforme) (PubMed:24297892)
Induced in the theca layer of the F3 stage ovarian follicle by intravenous injection of LPS. Repressed in the granulosa layer of the F3 stage ovarian follicle by intravenous injection of LPS. Expression in cultured vaginal cells is increased by LPS and S.enteritidis. Expression in the kidney and liver is not affected by intravenous injection of LPS
Up-regulated by fasting, returns to ground state upon feeding. Up-regulated by experimentally induced diabetes. Down-regulated by insulin treatment
By PhoP
Transiently induced by cold shock in a PNPase-dependent fashion (PubMed:14527658). Induced by the transcriptional regulator CecR (PubMed:27112147)
Part of the rbcL-rbcX-rbcS operon
Upon contact with the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv pisi and salicylic acid
In brain, by LPS
Accumulates in response to flooding stress (PubMed:2152168). Induced by salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA) (PubMed:2152168, PubMed:18657431). Stimulated by 16-hydroxypalmitic acid (HPA), a major component of cutin (PubMed:18657431)
Expression is induced under erinacine P-producing conditions
By both rootknot and cyst nematode infections
Probably regulated by the microRNA MAV8
By T-cell growth factor and IL2/interleukin-2
By type I interferons, dsRNAs and viruses
Highly induced by salt or oxidative stresses
By heparin and retinoic acid
Expression is maximal in early exponential growth phase and declines with cell density to reach a plateau in the stationary growth phase. Induced by the C(4)-dicarboxylates succinate, fumarate and malate. Positively regulated by RpoN and the DctB/DctD two-component system. Negatively regulated by DctA
In the absence of AI-2, repressed by LsrR. Induced by AI-2, via release of the LsrR repressor
Expression is activated by the FOXM1 transcription factor
The expression is subject to photoinduction (PubMed:12172798, PubMed:15133714). Expression is slightly induced after 2 h incubation at 42 degrees Celsius (PubMed:15133714)
Expressed constitutively at a high level and is moderately induced by high temperatures dependent on transcription factor HSF1
Repressed by the antifungal agent caspofungin
Induced by salt (NaCl), mannitol, methyl viologen (MV), sorbitol and cold (PubMed:21969089). Triggered by abscisic acid (ABA) (PubMed:27913741)
Expression is positively regulated by the fusaric acid cluster specific transcription factor FUB10 (PubMed:25372119). Expression is also positively regulated by the secondary metabolism regulator LAE1 (PubMed:22713715)
Expression is detectable but at low levels in vegetatively growing cells and increases during development induced by starvation (PubMed:27790999). Expression is highest during slug formation (approximately 16 h after induction) (PubMed:27790999). Expression decreases during culmination (from 18 to 24 h after induction) (PubMed:27790999)
By cytokinin in roots, shoots and leaves
By diethylmaleate, paraquat, menadione, sodium arsenite and cadmium chloride, arsenite and arsenate. By MG132, MG115, lactacystin and proteasome inhibitor I (PSI). By serum starvation, okadaic acid and glucose oxidase. Also up-regulated by RANK-L (at protein level). By etoposide and trichostatin. By the parkinsonian mimetic 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). By TGF-beta
Up-regulated by TNF
By p53/TP53, following X-ray irradiation
Expression is repressed during biofilm formation
Strongly up-regulated by TLR stimuli and interferon gamma
Induced by galacturonate, repressed by glucose
Cotranscribed with incD, incE and incG within 2 hours after internalization by host cells (PubMed:10447885). Detected at 4 hours post-infection in HeLa cells (at protein level) (PubMed:12694613)
Up-regulated by ESR1 in the presence of 17 beta-estradiol (E2)
Down-regulated by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, PAO1 strain and PA14 strain infection and by phagocytic stimuli
Expression is induced by gliotoxin (PubMed:20548963). Expression is controled by veA (PubMed:23087369). Expression is controled by brlA and abaA (PubMed:26032501). Expression is also regulated by rsmA (PubMed:23671611). Expression is also influenced by SfaD and GpgA (PubMed:19915845)
By IFNG
Expression is controlled by a sigma-E-regulated promoter which needs the sigma-E factor for the binding of the RNA polymerase and subsequent transcription
By trypsin
By growth in an acidic enriched medium containing arginine (biodegradative form), by growth in minimal media at neutral pH (biosynthetic). Putrescine and spermidine repress the speA gene and feedback inhibit ADC
Up-regulated in response to mast cell activation
Induced by growth on D-arginine and D-lysine
In intestinal epithelium, up-regulated in the presence of Gram-positive commensal gut bacteria (PubMed:25908210). May also be up-regulated by interferon gamma (IFNG) and TNF (TNF-alpha) (PubMed:25908210). Isoform 2: Expression is promoted and maintained by the mucosal environment (PubMed:23123061). Induced by IL2 on natural killer cell (PubMed:23696226)
In T(H) cells, induced upon antigen receptor ligation in the presence of IL6 and TGB1 (via STAT3). Oscillates diurnally in central nervous system. In liver, Isoform 1 oscillates diurnally but not isoform 4
Induced during seed imbibition (PubMed:17953649). Circadian-regulation with the lowest expression in the middle of the dark period (PubMed:17953649)
Expression is very low in the presence of fermentable carbon sources, but is induced, in contrast to PDC5, by ethanol
Induced by PDGF
Expression of MoaR1 appears to be modulated by oxygen availability since it is up-regulated in both microaerophilic (NRP1) and anaerobic (NRP2) cultures compared with aerobic cultures; thus, seems to be up-regulated during the shift into the persistent state in the human host
Down-regulated by methyl jasmonate (MeJA)
Repressed by herbicides such as flufenacet and benfuresate (PubMed:12916765). Down-regulated by darkness and low temperature, and up-regulated by salt and osmotic stress (PubMed:18465198)
Induced by heat shock, insect biting and abscisic acid (ABA). Down-regulated by cold stress and treatment with jasmonate
By auxin and salicylic acid (SA) (PubMed:10758484). Induced transiently in response to the generalist herbivore S.littoralis. Triggered by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and wounding (PubMed:16740150)
The expression of the dibenzodioxocinones biosynthesis cluster is positively regulated by the transcription factor dibT
Its expression is meiotically induced and required the IME1 protein
Induced by nitrate
Expression activated by ComK (PubMed:11918817). Positively regulated by SigO and its coactivator RsoA
Induced by gibberellic acid (GA)
Expression is higher in conidia than in vegetative hyphae
Up-regulated by herbivory
During the interaction with host plants
Up-regulated during intraperitoneal growth
By abscisic acid (ABA) during heterophyllous induction
In roots by lead
(Microbial infection) By pathogenic organisms, including Gram- positive and Gram-negative bacteria, parasites, viruses, and fungi.Down-regulated in response to enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection
By stresses, hormones, heavy metals, phosphatase inhibitors and infection with rice blast fungus (M.grisea). Down-regulated by drought, high/low temperature and UV-C
By herbicides
By galactan
Expressed during the earliest stages of maize kernel infection (PubMed:23834374)
Up-regulated after antimycin A or rotenone treatments (PubMed:14730085). Accumulates in the mitochondrial transmembrane lipoprotein (MTL) complex during phosphate (Pi) starvation (PubMed:26898467)
By TNF and CSF2/GM-CSF in dendritic cells and down regulation by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and ionomycin in monocytes
By growth in D-serine, controlled by DsdC
Induced in response to increased extracellular osmolarity, this is the second gene of the proU operon (proV-proW-proX). Osmoregulation requires curved DNA downstream of the transcription start site in proV, which is repressed when bound by H-NS. H-NS may act indirectly to influence the local topology of the promoter (PubMed:1423593)
Down-regulated in an ATR-dependent manner in response to DNA damage induced by doxorubicin, camptothecin, UV-C, methyl methanesulfonate, nocodazole, or gamma-irradiation. Down-regulation in response to DNA damage is required to allow RRM2 accumulation within the nucleus and for efficient DNA repair
Induced by Btr in iron-limited conditions
Up-regulated by TNF and IFNG
Expression is induced by H(2)O(2)
Transcription of sufT decreases when aerobically cultured cells are shifted to an anaerobic (fermentative) environment, and increases upon reaeration (PubMed:27517714). Up-regulated upon culture in serine dropout medium relative to liquid 20 AA medium (PubMed:27671355)
Oscillates diurnally in several tissues, mainly in central nervous system and liver (at protein levels) but also in pancreas, bladder and lumbar spinal cord. Rhythmic levels are critical for the generation of circadian rhythms in central as well as peripheral clocks. Targeted degradation of PER and CRY proteins enables the reactivation of CLOCK-BMAL1, thus initiating a new circadian transcriptional cycle with an intrinsic period of 24 hours
Expression is positively regulated by the cluster-specific transcription factor pbcR
Involved in multiple regulatory feedback loops with other endodermal factors, including the nodal-related factors/Xnrs. Autoinduces. Induced by activin. Induced directly by vegt; originally this is in a cell-autonomous fashion but subsequently cell contact is required for expression to be maintained
Down-regulated by salt stress
Up-regulated during the early stage of hypersensitive response
In endothelial cells by Notch signaling
Expression is down-regulated in macrophages and infected mice
Transcriptionally up-regulated by both L-arabinose and D-xylose via the pentose-specific regulator XacR (PubMed:25141768, PubMed:19584053). Expression is repressed by glucose (PubMed:19584053)
Isoform C: expression is induced by hypoxic treatments or myocardial infarction (PubMed:27763637). Isoform C: is negatively regulated by the microRNA miR-182 (PubMed:27763637). Isoform B: expression is down-regulated by LPS in alveolar epithelium (PubMed:26174362). Isoform B: induced during tissue ischemia (PubMed:19805174). Isoform B2: induced during tissue ischemia (PubMed:19805174)
By E.ampelina infection
Its expression is under the control of AlgB, which also regulates the alginate biosynthetic gene cluster
Shows relatively high basal levels of expression under non-inducing conditions. Induced by aromatic substrates, especially 3-hydroxybenzoate
This recessive y allele is expressed at low levels, resulting in an inner white flesh of the beet. However, yy plants still can make pigments but never make as much of it or have it in the same location as YY or Yy plants with an inner red flesh
Up-regulated by methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). In H293T cells by presence of rat calorie restriction (CR) serum
Down-regulated by TGF-beta and serum in quiescent cells. Rapidly and transiently induced by TGF-beta in actively growing cells
Expression is induced in presence of sodium nitrate, and repressed by glutamine (PubMed:22492438)
Repressed by LexA, induced by DNA damage (PubMed:10760155, PubMed:17462020). During the SOS response (at protein level when expressed as a fusion protein) (PubMed:17462020). The mRNA stability and translation is controlled by the small regulatory RNA symR, which probably blocks ribosome binding (PubMed:17462020). Expression of the proteinaceous toxin (putative endonuclease) is controlled by antisense sRNA SymR (PubMed:17462020)
Repressed by FST in 6-month-old mice but no effect is seen in 24-month-old mice (PubMed:27182554). Expression is increased 4-fold 3 days after denervation, becomes suppressed by approximately 75% 7 days after denervation, and eventually resolves to baseline by 28 days after denervation (PubMed:27182554)
By hypoxia (at protein level)
Down-regulated by submergence (PubMed:17205969). Induced by drought stress (PubMed:25735958). Down-regulated by glucose (PubMed:22859682)
Constitively expressed under many tested conditions
Highly expressed during syntrophic growth with butyrate (at protein level) (PubMed:19648244, PubMed:23468890). Seems to be constitutively expressed (PubMed:23468890)
Induced by lichenan, lichenan hydrolysate and cellobiose. Subject to carbon catabolite repression
Expression is repressed by ZKSCAN3
By xanthotoxin and bergapten (linear furanocoumarins) as well as by angelicin and sphondin (angular furanocoumarins)
Induced during neuronal differentiation neuroblastoma cells line but down-regulated during myogenic differentiation of skeletal muscle cells line
At least 4-fold induced following infection by Sulfolobus turreted icosahedral virus 1 (STIV-1) in strain 2-2-12 (PubMed:18337566). Undetected in non-infected cells. Induced following STIV-1 infection, protein is detectable by 12 hours post-infection (p.i.) and increases until at least 24 hours p.i. in strain 2-2-12 (at protein level) (PubMed:29203770)
Repressed by wounding
By iron overload treatment
Up-regulated in the intestine by fasting (PubMed:23604316). Down-regulated in response to a high-glucose diet (PubMed:29113111)
Up-regulated by PHA or TPA
Accumulates upon infection by generalist herbivores such as Spodoptera littoralis (PubMed:35401621). Induced by wounding (PubMed:35401621)
By mesoderm inducing factors and TGF-beta family members including nodal/nr-1 acting in an autoregulatory loop, nodal2/nr-2 derriere, bFGF and activin B
By sodium ribonucleate
Induced by wounding, salicylic acid (SA), methyl jasmonate, drought stress, dark and sucrose starvation (PubMed:16115070). Induced by chitin elicitor (chitooctaose) (PubMed:17722694). Induced by salicylic acid and infection with tobamovirus (TMV) (PubMed:19625399). By indole-3-acetonitrile, salicylic acid (SA), sodium nitroprusside (SNP), salt stress and drought stress (PubMed:22965747). Down-regulated by brassinosteroid (BR) and transition from dark to white light (PubMed:26493403)
By nitrogen starvation
By protocatechuate
Induced by heat shock during exponential growth and by heterologous amylases at the transition phase of the growth cycle. Negatively regulates its own expression
By Copper and oxygen
By salicylic acid, UV-C light and pathogens
Induced when bacterial cultures reach stationary phase; synthesis is triggered by phosphate starvation or a shift from aerobic to anaerobic conditions
Down-regulated by exposure to UV-B light
Positively regulated by the stringent response
Expression is significantly increased during in vitro dormancy (at protein level)
Repressed by zinc via the metallo-regulatory protein Zur
By ischemia. Up-regulated in the cingulate, retrosplenial and frontal areas of the cortex ipsilateral to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) by 163% at 6 hours, 220% at 2 days and 89% at 4 days after ischemia-onset, with expression reduced back to control level at 10 days after MCAO. Expression is almost undetectable in the infarct area between days 2 and 10 after MCAO
Expression is constitutive and independent of inorganic phosphate concentration and PHO4 activity
Up-regulated transiently by a cold treatment
Induced by the auxin analog 2,4-D
The microRNA396c negatively regulates GRF4 at the transcriptional level
Induced in response to the thiol oxidant diamide
By blood meal, iron and hydrogen peroxide (at protein level)
Induced by benzothiadiazole (BTH) (PubMed:17601827). Induced by sphingolipid elicitor and chitin elicitor, and a compatible race of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae (PubMed:22437844)
Induced by n-alkanes when cells grow slowly during the exponential phase. Expression decreases significantly when cells reached the stationary phase of growth. Repressed by citrate
Expression is induced upon voriconazole treatment
Accumulates in the mitochondrial transmembrane lipoprotein (MTL) complex during phosphate (Pi) starvation
Negative autoregulation. Repressed by CPC
Isoform RUSH 1-alpha expression is increased by progesterone and decreased by estradiol. Progesterone induction is increased in the presence of prolactin. Isoform RUSH 1-beta/RFBP expression is increased by estrogen and decreased by progesterone
Induced in response to corn root exudates, by lysine and by 5-aminovalerate
Expressed with a circadian rhythm with the highest level 8 hours into the light and the lowest level at dawn. The peak of expression in long days is slightly lower, shifted later and the decrease is slower
In roots, by salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and ethylene (ET) treatments
In arthritis-affected cartilage
By nutritional state, up-regulated by fasting
Induced as part of the humoral response to a bacterial invasion
Represses its own transcription in a TLE4-dependent manner. Induces in lens by PAX6 in a dosage-dependent manner. Activated by SOX2 during forebrain development. Inhibited by MTA1 in mammary glands
Exhibits low expression levels on L-arabinose and L-arabitol, as well as on D-mannitol. Transcript levels are shortly up-regulated during the initial stages of germination
Up-regulated by salicylic acid and in mutants defective in RNA silencing. Down-regulated by high temperature. Repressed by ZED1 in the absence of pathogens in an ambient temperature-sensitive manner (PubMed:28499073)
Transcription decreases slightly upon iron starvation
Monocistronically transcribed in the late sporulation phase and cotranscribed with mutY and/or fabL during exponential growth. However, sspE is not translated during this period
(Microbial infection) Up-regulated by cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in long-lived effector CD8(+) T-cells (PubMed:20921622)
Down-regulated by bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in glial cells (PubMed:12388062). Down-regulated upon hypoxia (PubMed:16583402)
(Microbial infection) At least 4-fold induced following infection by Sulfolobus turreted icosahedral virus 1 (STIV-1) in strain 2-2-12
By UV-C
Induced by hypoxia and probably by the DNA damaging agent mitomycin C. Part of the Rv1954A-higB1-higA1-Rv1957 operon, as well as the higB1 higA1-Rv1957 operon, which is probably the mitomycin-induced operon; the former but not latter operon is autorepressed by HigA1 (PubMed:20585061). Induced in persister cells in response to D-cycloserine (PubMed:21673191)
By glyoxylate
Induced by a defect in lipopolysaccharide molecules
By propane and acetone
Constitutively expressed, induced at 45 degrees Celsius (at protein level)
By CueR, at increased levels of cytoplasmic cuprous ions
Isoform MYB59-1 is induced by jasmonate (JA), salicylic acid (SA), gibberellic acid (GA), and ethylene. Also induced by cadmium (Cd)
Down-regulated by gibberellin (GA3)
Up-regulated in response to fungal and Gram-positive bacterial infections
Down-regulated by water deprivation in urinary bladder and ureter, but not in kidney medulla, colon, testis nor brain
Negatively regulated by ARF3/ETT in the abaxial gynoecium
By D-galacturonate
Up-regulated in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a ligand for toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and by poly(I:C), a ligand for TLR3
Anaerobically
By L-sorbose
By MRJP1 during the differentiation of honeybee larvae into queens
The genes forming the sterigmatocystin biosynthesis cluster are co-regulated and induced on oatmeal porridge or the fungal isolates were grown either on oatmeal porridge or in YEC medium (0.2% yeast extract, 5.0% corn steep liquor) (PubMed:8643646, PubMed:8017929). Expression is positively regulated by the cluster-specific transcription factor aflR that binds the palindromic sequence 5'-TCG(N5)CGA-3'found in the promoter (PubMed:9680223)
By tartrate
Induced in the presence of gamma-resorcylate
Induced in response to the thiol oxidant diamide, suggesting it is part of a disulfide stress response system. Oxidation of L31 may cause ribosome stalling, which would decrease the protein synthesis rate, allowing the bacteria to concentrate on stress survival
By cold shock (at protein level)
Not up-regulated upon GA treatment
By infection of leaves with certain strains of P.syringae pv syringae
Up-regulated in the presence of taurine
Expression is positively regulated by the aspercryptin cluser-specific transcription factor atnN (PubMed:27310134)
Expression is positively regulated by the cluster-specific transcription factor FGM4 and is induced during infection of coleoptiles of wheat seedlings (PubMed:23266949, PubMed:25333987). The fusaoctaxin A gene cluster is silenced by H3K27 trimethylation by the histone methyltransferase KMT6 (PubMed:31100892)
Strongly induced during adipocyte differentiation
Induced by potassium deprivation
Up-regulated in white and brown adipose tissues upon cold exposure and beta-adrenergic signaling
Repressed by LeuO and H-NS. Part of the uxaCA operon
By dark
Induced by 24-epi-brassinolide (24-epiBL, eBL) and inhibited by abscisic acid (ABA) (PubMed:23204503). Stimulated by auxin (PubMed:23020607)
By IFNG/IFN-gamma. Up-regulated upon autoimmune and bacterially-induced inflammation
Up-regulated after antimycin A or rotenone treatments
By beta-amino-butyric acid (BABA) and infection by Pseudomonas pathogen
Down-regulated in response to hypoxia lasting about 15 min, a treatment that leads to spontaneous convulsive seizures in these pups
Expression levels at protein level increase upon high-fat diet. mRNA levels remain unchanged
Up-regulated by 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone (DMBQ), 2,6-dimethylbenzoquinone and menadione (PubMed:11260494, PubMed:20424175). Not regulated by host root contact (PubMed:20424175)
Expression is positively regulated by the cluster-specific transcription factor MYCFIDRAFT_198930 and is up-regulated during banana leaves infection
Repressed under low and increased under high copper conditions
Expression is controlled by the global regulators for secondary metabolite VE1 and LAE1 (PubMed:19382792, PubMed:22713715). Expression is increased under histone deacetylase (HDAC)-inhibiting conditions (PubMed:22117026)
Regulates its expression by binding to its own mRNA
Expression is increased at 72 h of infection, and then the expression level drops back to the lower level for the remainder of the time course
Expression is induced by cell wall damage caused by caspofungin, and by osmotic stress through the HOG1 pathway. Expression is positively regulated by MNL1
Induced, via the two-component regulatory system LiaS/LiaR, by antibiotics (vancomycin, bacitracin, nisin and ramoplanin), cationic antimicrobial peptides (human LL-37 and porcine PG-1), Triton X-100 and severe secretion stress
By glyoxylate and allantoin under anaerobic conditions and by glyoxylate under aerobic conditions
Follow a cyclic expression; during interphase, accumulates gradually following G1, S to reach a critical threshold at the end of G2, which promotes self-activation and triggers onset of mitosis. Induced transiently by TGFB1 at an early phase of TGFB1-mediated apoptosis (Probable)
Down-regulated by retinoids
The sibE sRNA probably represses expression of ibsE mRNA, either by destabilizing the transcript and/or preventing its translation. Expression of the proteinaceous toxin is controlled by antisense sRNA SibE
Regulated by lutenising hormone (LH) in Leydig cells but not in germ cells
Repressed by glucose and induced by ethanol via the transcriptional activator CAT8. The promoter sequence located between -397 and -388 contains an upstream activating sequence (UAS)element whereas the sequence located between -261 and -242 contains an upstream repressing sequence (URS) element
By bmp4. Inhibited by Notch-signaling
Induced during growth on cutin, in a manner dependent on transcription factors FarA and FarB (PubMed:30863878). Induced during growth on suberin (PubMed:25043916). Induced during growth on the lipidic carbon sources 16-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid and propyl ricinoleate (synthetic cutin monomers), triacetin and triesterate (triglycerides), and olive oil (PubMed:30863878). Repressed during growth on glucose (PubMed:30863878)
Positively regulated by WalR. Mainly expressed during exponential growth and rapidly shut off as cells enter the stationary phase
Increased in high-fat diet ATM (adipose tissue macrophages)
Expression is under the control of the secondary metabolism regulator laeA (PubMed:17432932). Expression up-regulated upon exposure to exogenous gliotoxin (PubMed:25311525)
Induced by fructose
By bmp-signaling. Inhibition by fgf regulates the timing of hematopoiesis
By gibberellin
Expressed in S.maltophilia clinical isolate K279a grown under standard conditions (at protein level)
Up-regulated in response to T-cell activation (at protein level) (PubMed:16819553). Circadian alternative splicing switch accounts for rhythmic isoform expression. A circadian splicing switch produces isoform 3 in the brain cerebellum and liver (at protein level). Isoform 3 expression is regulated with the circadian rhythm but is also quickly increased upon light exposure (4-8 hours after light exposure). Expression of isoform 3 changes approximately 5-fold across a period of 24 hours, with concomitant changes in isoform 1, resulting in total U2af1l4 remaining constant (PubMed:24837677)
Circadian-regulated, with the highest expression 3 hours after the beginning of light period (in 14 hours light/10 hours dark cycle)
Expression is specific to in opaque cells, in presence of lactate, and during hyphal growth. Expression is repressed in response to alpha pheromone
Up-regulated by virus infection, double-stranded DNA, IFNG and insulin. Down-regulated by hydrocortisone
By p53/TP53; direct transcription target of p53/TP53
Activated by low magnesium concentrations, via the two-component regulatory system PhoP/PhoQ
Expression is up-regulated during pleuromutilin production
By 17-beta-estradiol. By hypoxia
By phosphate starvation, via the PhoP/PhoR two-component regulatory system
Accumulates in mycorrhizal roots upon colonization by the arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungus Glomus versiforme
Induced by A.niger alpha-1,3-glucan
During sporulation. Expression is activated by IME1 during meiosis
Despite the presence of an amyR-binding consensus sequence in the promoter, is not activated by isomaltose
Up-regulated by B.thuringiensis endotoxin Cry6Aa (at protein level)
By sucrose (at protein level)
Up-regulated in roots and shoots by iron deficiency and copper deficiency
By anaerobic stress. Up-regulated by sucrose, fructose and glucose and by sugar starvation. By submergence
Represses its own promoter; more strongly repressed by the YefM(2)YoeB heterotrimer. Induced in persister cells. Ectopic expression of Salmonella or Shigella toxin VapC induces the yefM-yoeB operon and also induces Yoeb toxin activity in a Lon protease-dependent manner
Constitutively expressed and not up regulated by osmotic stress
Upon Toll-like receptor (TLRs) stimuli. By SV-40
By methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) treatment
Strongly induced by elicitors from Phytophthora megasperma. Transiently activated by salt stress,
By acetanilide
Induced in response to altered availability of inorganic phosphate
Expression is controlled by the prtT transcription factor
By light in leaves
Positively regulated by LEC1
In response to DNA damage, genotoxic stress and replication stress, following UV irradiation, ionizing radiation, treatment with methyl methanesulfonate, hydroxyurea, or with aphidicolin, protein expression drops to undetectable levels, due to proteasomal degradation (PubMed:17317665, PubMed:22801543, PubMed:23233665, PubMed:23913683, PubMed:24300032). This down-regulation is ATR-dependent (PubMed:17317665)
By calorie restriction
Up-regulated in the liver of fasting animals
Expression varies periodically during the cell cycle in the same manner as transcripts of several kinetoplast and nuclear DNA replication genes
Part of the relA-mazE-mazF-mazG operon, there is also a second mazE-mazF specific promoter which is negatively autoregulated
By E2F
By the genotoxic agents methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), bleomycin and cisplatin
Produced when grown in air or in air supplemented with 5% CO(2) (at protein level). Part of the cbbL-cbbS operon
Expressed in presence of rice cell walls or on oat spelt xylan, but not when grown on sucrose
Up-regulated by salt and desiccation
Regulated by RAM1 during arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) formation after inoculation with Rhizophagus irregularis (PubMed:20804456). Repressed by inorganic phosphate (Pi), leading to defects in cortical AM colonization of roots in high Pi conditions (PubMed:21143680)
Under conditions in which the polar flagellum is not functional
Up-regulated by the osteoclast differentiation factor TNFSF11 (PubMed:17668438)
By the X.oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) transcription activator-like effector (TALe) protein AvrXa7
Up-regulated by hypoxia in gastric epithelial cells. Up-regulated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1A)
Expression is up-regulated by gibepyrone A which is able to induce its own production by an elevated GPY1 gene expression in a positive feedback loop (PubMed:27856636). Expression is down-regulated by the cluster-specific ABC transporter GPY2 (PubMed:27856636). Members of the velvet complex, VEL1, VEL2, and LAE1, negatively affect GPY1 gene expression and gibepyrone A product formation, whereas SGE1 represents a positive regulator of gibepyrone biosynthesis (PubMed:27856636)
Up-regulated during differentiation from monocytes into dendritic cells
Constitutively expressed in bone marrow cells. Down-regulated by treatment with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Up-regulated in calvarial osteoblast cells by IL-1alpha, IL11, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3
In bladder smooth muscle cells, exhibits night/day variations with a peak time at circadian time (CT) 4-12 and a trough at CT16-24
Slightly induced by gamma radiation, but not by white light or by UV-B
Induced during fruiting body formation
Regulated by the Fur protein
Down-regulated 6 hours following staurosporine (STS) treatment and up-regulated 24 hours following STS treatment. Down-regulated 6 hours following beta-carotene treatment, returning to its basal level 24 hours following beta-carotene treatment
Induced during the exponential growth phase
By the two-component system PilR/PilS component PilR (PubMed:9401034). In the contrary, PilS is a negative regulator of pilA expression. In addition, an increased level of c-di-GMP correlates with reduced transcription of the pilA gene (PubMed:26124238). Expression of pilA seems to be negatively regulated by the accumulation of pilin at a cell end (PubMed:15743959, PubMed:9401034)
High expression in ob/ob mice (obese) and mice fed at high sucrose diet
Induced by osmotic strength and repressed by osmoprotectants. Expression is not affected by the growth phase
Down-regulated in patients suffering of Huntington disease
Only expressed in opaque cells, in which it forms a positive feedback loop since it binds its own DNA regulatory region and activates its own transcription leading to the accumulation of high levels of WOR1
By interferons (IFNs) (PubMed:31685995). Expression is induced upon viral infection (PubMed:31685995)
Repressed by miR172a-2/EAT
In roots by phosphate starvation
Isoform Short is induced by SrfA
By dark in green leaf. Down-regulated by light
This gene is probably poorly expressed
Part of the fruBKA (fru) operon, which is induced in the presence of fructose via the FruR (Cra) regulatory protein (PubMed:33476373). Transcription is repressed by FruR in the absence of fructose (PubMed:33649152). CRP activates expression of the fru operon in the absence of glucose (PubMed:33649152). The two regulators can work independently to control the expression of the operon depending on carbon source availability (PubMed:33649152)
Up-regulated in response to enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection (at protein level)
Positively regulated by MarA, Rob and SoxS transcriptional regulators (at protein level)
Not under feedback regulation. Regulated by phytochrome. Induced by red light pulse and reaches its maximum level after 12 hours. Transcriptionally regulated by LEAFY COTYLEDON2 and FUSCA3. Not regulated by cold treatment or auxin. Up-regulated by paclobutrazol
Expressed during colonization of the host plant tomato by P.infestans
By stress conditions
Increased expression in methimazole-induced goiter
Down-regulated by osmotic stress, chilling, drought and treatment with gibberellin and abscisic acid (ABA). Increased expression in the recovery (post-stress) phase of gibberellin and abscisic acid treatment or drought
By EvgA
Induced by zinc and during infection of human macrophages (PubMed:21925112, PubMed:23482562). Transcriptionally regulated by iron (PubMed:9514635)
By lignosulfonate, veratryl alcohol and 2,5-xylidine
By NR5A1
By salt stress and drought stress
Induced by glycolate
Expression is high during exponential phase. Induced during hypoxic conditions. Induced in the lung and in spleen tissues of mice during the early and chronic stages of infection
Down-regulated after nephrectomy
Down-regulated by cisplatin (at protein level)
In exponential phase, strongly repressed by thiol oxidant diamide (at protein level)
Transcription up-regulated in response to intestinal colonization by probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum strain JDFM216
Induced by senescence and abscisic acid (ABA)
IncreaseD by both NF-kappa-B and SP1 in LPS-treated monocytes
By treatment with mannitol
Regulated by the srfA transcription factor
By IFNA1
Expression decreases during infection of human macrophages
Up-regulated in response to DNA damage in a RecA-dependent manner
Repressed by PuuR
By cadmium (at protein level)
Induced by methanol. Subject to strong carbon catabolite repression
In fruits, expression is decreased by gibberellic acid (GA3) or 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) at the beginning of storage (until day 6) (PubMed:23265513). Expression in harvested fruits is increased by low (0 degrees Celsius) temperature treatment, particularly at the end of storage (day 32) (PubMed:25849978)
Up-regulated upon milbemycin A3 oxim derivative (A3Ox) treatment
By 3-methylcholanthrene (3MC)
Part of the brxA-brxB-brxC-pglX operon
Repressed by miR393a (microRNA) in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) treatment
By TMV infection
Not regulated by heat
By benzoate and 2-aminobenzoate
By abscisic acid (ABA), drought and salt treatment
Up-regulated in response to high extracellular methionine
By certain acidic polysaccharides found in carrot root extract. This induction may be regulated by the polygalacturonase
During retinoic acid-mediated differentiation and by nerve growth factor (NGF). Inhibited by the antidepressants, citalopram and imipramin
Expression is significantly up-regulated under xenovulene A producing condition
Expression is positively regulated by the leucinostatins biosynthesis cluster-specific transcription regulator lcsF
Expression is induced when cells are grown in cultures containing vegetable oil as the carbon source
By gibberellins GA1, GA3, GA4 and GA9
Negatively regulated by sigma-B factor
By xylan and xylose but not by glucuronic acid
Expression is sigma D-dependent
Up-regulated by aldosterone in distal nephron (tubules) of the kidney. By dexamethasone and serum. By tumor suppressor p53 in mammary epithelial tumor cells. By FSH in granulosa cells. By injury to the central nervous system
Circadian-regulated, with the highest expression 1 hour after the beginning of dark period (in 14 hours light/10 hours dark cycle)
Dramatically down-regulated 1 day after gonadectomy
Slightly reduced in guard cells upon dehydration stress and abscisic acid (ABA) treatment
By L-threo-3-phenylserine
Up-regulated under salt stress
By lactose. The operon consists of lacABCDFEGX
Induced by cytokine and growth factor stimulation
Induced by ethylene but repressed by abscisic acid (ABA) and epi-brassinolide (epi-BL) treatments
By aldosterone, corticosterone and RU28362 in hippocampus. By corticosterone and RU28362 in cortex. The response to corticosterone is slow. Does not respond to vibratory stress. May be regulated by both the mineralocorticoid receptor and glucocorticoid receptor
Induced by wounding (PubMed:8234334, PubMed:15231736). Induced by methyl jasmonate (PubMed:15231736)
Expression is induced in response to alpha factor and regulated by the UME6 transcription factor
Not induced by salt stress
Up-regulated in denervated skeletal muscle (at protein level)
Induced by wounding (PubMed:23246835). Down-regulated by UV irradiation (PubMed:23246835)
Highly expressed during conidiation (PubMed:29958281). A conserved conidiation regulatory pathway containing BrlA, AbaA and WetA regulates expression. During conidiation BlrA up-regulates AbaA, which in turn controls WetA. Moreover, the Hog1 MAPK regulates fungal conidiation by controlling the conidiation regulatory pathway, and that all three pigmentation genes Pks1, EthD and Mlac1 exercise feedback regulation of conidiation (By similarity). Expression is also up-regulated in appressoria-forming germlings on locust cuticle (PubMed:29958281)
Circadian-regulated with a peak in the late period of dark phase and early period of the light phase
By Notch-signaling. Acts in a complex regulatory loop with other bHLH proteins
Part of an operon with spo0B
By the [Mg-tetracycline]+ complex
Induced by glucose, sucrose and salt stress
Highly expressed in nitrate- or ammonium-grown cells and exhibits two- to fourfold-higher expression in nitrogen-starved cells
By various differentiation-inducing agents
Not induced at the transcription level by phosphate starvation, but accumulation of the protein in starved shoots
Up-regulated in thymus upon endotoxin challenge (PubMed:10455175). Up-regulated during Treg differention in response to TGFB1 (PubMed:19564598). Up-regulated in pulmonary ITGAX/CD11C-positive dendritic cell subset upon chronic oxidative stress associated with aging (PubMed:26392224)
By touch, cold and salinity stress
Highly expressed in mucoid but not non-mucoid cells, probably activated by algR
By the green peach aphid Myzus persicae
Up-regulated prior to molting
Expressed under high amounts of nitrogen via regulation by GLN1 (PubMed:23932525). Moreover, components of the fungal-specific velvet complex VEL1, VEL2 and LAE1 act also as positive regulators of expression (PubMed:20572938, PubMed:23932525). Finally, expression is induced under acidic conditions in a PACC-independent manner (PubMed:23932525)
A possible member of the dormancy regulon. Slightly induced in response to reduced oxygen tension (hypoxia) and by low levels of nitric oxide (NO). It is hoped that this regulon will give insight into the latent, or dormant phase of infection
Expressed at low levels in agar-grown cells, part of the csgBAC (agfBAC) operon
Expression strongly induced by heat shock at 44 degrees Celsius for 20 minutes, after 60 minutes expression has fallen
By feeding (PubMed:11574922). By the presence of Borrelia burgdorferi (PubMed:16049492)
Accumulates during age-dependent and dark-induced leaf senescence. Induced by abscisic acid (ABA)
By 4-chloronitrobenzene
Up-regulated by ceramides
In paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, expression is enhanced by obesity
Accumulates 13 hours after cell cycle reactivation by sucrose addition following cell cycle arrest mediated by sucrose deprivation
Down-regulated by brassinolide (BL)
Induced by low-level blue light (453nm) during epithelial wound healing (PubMed:30168605). Induced by ultraviolet A light in dermal fibroblasts (PubMed:31380578)
By iron limitation
Exhibits circadian rhythm expression. Peak levels in early morning and low levels at early night
Expressed under acidic conditions and repressed by the processed, active form of RIM101 under alkaline conditions
Transcript abundance is low but expression is slightly up-regulated in the inactive stage (during anhydrobiois) (PubMed:23761966)
Induced during chlamydospore formation and filamentous growth. Expression is regulated by the NRG1 and TUP1 transcription factors
By salicylic acid
In roots by zinc and copper starvation
By iron deficiency, mainly in roots
Expression is up-regulated under iron depletion (PubMed:17056706)
By valine
Highly induced under sulfur starvation conditions
Transcription increases in cells adapted to higher salt concentrations, whereas transcription is weak in basal medium
By clofibrate; weakly
Down-regulated by gibberellin (GA)
Induced by tartrate, via TtdR
Transcribed in rich medium, particularly in the absence of glucose, and is under the control of catabolite activator protein. It is made aerobically and anaerobically. Repressed by LeuO. Part of the sdaCB operon
Expression increased in response to the protease inhibitor bestatin
During fibroblast senescence
Not induced by gonadotropins
Only moderately up-regulated by Pi starvation
By glucocorticoids
Not induced by 2,4-D treatment
Expression is higher in vegetative hyphae than in conidia and infection structures
Part of the yhjR-bcsQABZC operon (PubMed:24097954)
Inhibited by cyclosporin
By heat shock; weakly
Up-regulated in CD34(+) cells upon myelomonocytic differentiation. Down-regulated in many acute myeloid leukemias. Up-regulated in primary bronchial epithelial cells exposed to cigarette smoke extract
Induced by testosterone
By fungal infection
Transcriptionally regulated by iron and the fur protein
By alpha-factor in a cells
Present in photosynthetically (anaerobically) but not dark (aerobic respiration) grown cells (at protein level). Apparently unprocessed protein is also present, its quantities increase with culture age (PubMed:19190939). A later paper showed this protein to be present in both chemoheterotrophically (dark) and photoheterotrophically (light) grown cells, but with more protein present in dark grown cells (PubMed:22249883). The second report is thought to be correct (PubMed:23357331)
Part of the SigF regulon, induced by chlorite under auto-control. Part of the probable sigF-nrsF operon
By hemorrhagic shock
Up-regulated by growth on type I rhamnogalacturonan
By light. Probable feedback regulation
More strongly expressed in the presence of methionine than in the presence of sulfate
In smooth muscle cells, up-regulated after serum withdrawal, when cells become mature and non proliferative
Constitutively expressed, with or without glucose in the growth medium
By anaerobiosis, repressed by the molybdenum cofactor
Down-regulated under iron deficiency (PubMed:21411332, PubMed:25360591). Induced by iron supply (PubMed:25360591)
Up-regulated during cold stress
By salt stress or dehydration, in vascular tissues of roots, cotyledons and leaves (PubMed:11489173, PubMed:19017627). Not induced cold stress (PubMed:11489173). Up-regulated by abscisic acid in rosette leaves (PubMed:22932846, PubMed:22392280)
By rehydration
Repressed at high glucose concentrations
By estradiol injection in ovariectomized females
In the presence of rifampicin at 42 degrees Celsius
By inflammatory stimulation by LPS and by ODN1826, a TLR9 ligand, but not by poly(I:C), a TLR3 ligand
Induced during DC maturation and up-regulated in response to T-cell signals. In macrophage up-regulated by bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Up-regulated by 1-alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 during differentiation of primary monocyte into macrophage
Induced by abscisic acid (ABA) (PubMed:18315698, PubMed:18931143). Induced by drought, salt and osmotic stresses (PubMed:18931143)
Transcriptionally regulated by fur
Is expressed under aerobic conditions. Is repressed by glucose and anaerobiosis
Induced by sucrose
Up-regulated by interferon gamma (at protein level). Up-regulated by IRF1. Down-regulated in spleen by deoxynivalenol (DON), a mycotoxin that alters immune functions. Down-regulated by the selective inhibitor PR-957. Up-regulated by heat shock treatment. Down-regulated by EGR1 in neuronal cells
Slightly induced by abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA)
The synthesis of this protein is stimulated when fibroblasts are deprived of glucose
Induced by DNA-damage
Part of the pglZ-brxL operon
Repressed by the Crp-cAMP complex. Expression increases during growth, decreasing again in stationary phase; more strongly induced in an rnlA deletion mutant, levels remain high even in stationary phase (at protein level)
Expression is increased in low iron conditions
Up-regulated by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, PAO1 strain and down-regulated by PA14 strain infection
Induced by salt stress, cold stress and drought stress
Expression is positively regulated by stuA through direct binding of stuA to the abaA promoter region (PubMed:26283234)
Constitutively expressed at a low level from a sigma70-type promoter
Repressed by AcnR, RipA, GlxR and activated by RamA. Repression by RipA is part of iron homeostasis and serves to reduce the iron demand under iron limitation. The activation of acn transcription by RamA serves to allow the increased carbon flux through the TCA cycle during growth on acetate. GlxR is a global regulator that binds to the acn promoter and presumably represses its transcription in the presence of cyclic AMP (cAMP)
Expressed in both pectin- and glucose-grown mycelia
Expression is repressed in response to high levels of dietary calcium
By low oxygen levels
Expressed in presence of 2 percent glucose (PubMed:12187386). Expression is induced by progesterone and drugs such as cycloheximide, benomyl and chloramphenicol (PubMed:10612724)
Induced by low oxygen tension and metal ion deficiency. Repressed by NiCl(2) excess
Up-regulated in differentiating preadipocytes
Expression is up-regulated in appressoria-forming germlings on locust cuticle
Expression is positively regulated by the azaterrilone A cluster-specific transcription factor tazR
By salt stress. Down-regulated by treatment with mannitol and lead
Induced by L-lactate and repressed by D-lactate. Is thus regulated by the L-lactate/D-lactate ratio. Makes part of the lar operon (larABCDE)
By gibberellins. Down-regulated by abscisic acid (ABA)
Expression is icreased in presence of dsRNA such as poly(I:C)
Expression is highest in dividing cells
By type I interferons
In contrast to other major heat shock proteins, this one is also expressed at normal growth temperatures. It is also developmentally expressed during oogenesis
Expression is repressed by the transcriptional regulator XynR
Expression is increased during exponential growth and repressed by the antifungal drug plagiochin E (PLE)
Up-regulated during growth at high salinity
By DNA damage via PDR3
Induced by iron and osmotic shock. Repressed under metal-depleted growth conditions and by manganese-rich growth conditions. Negatively regulated by the ferric uptake regulator (Fur) and PerR
Up-regulated under conditions that enhance triacylglycerol deposition, including rosiglitazone treatment and high-fat diet. This up-regulation is mediated by PPARG
Expression is regulated by the aflatoxin cluster-specific transcription factor aflR (PubMed:18486503)
Protein expression is strongly induced by high concentrations of fermentable carbon sources, under anaerobic growth conditions, and by thiamine limitation, but is repressed by the presence of PDC1 (independent of its catalytic activity) and thiamine
By FUL, which restrict its expression to the margins
Carboxysome size and components vary with growth conditions. When grown in ambient air at medium light (50 uE meter(-2) second(-1)) there are 15 units of this protein per carboxysome, the numbers are stable under low light and high light, and increase under high CO(2) (at protein level). The CcmK3:CcmK4 ratio of 1:3.8 is stable over all growth conditions
Expression is induced during the infection of wheat and barley
Induced by high levels of zinc
Activated by the transcription factor DUO1
Expression is positively regulated by CSN5 during infection
In fiboblasts, expression is strongly induced by TGFB1 (PubMed:36735681, PubMed:36757924). In chodrocytes, expression is induced by IL1B (PubMed:34702854)
(Microbial infection) In alveolar cells and fibroblasts, expression is induced by Sars-CoV-2 infection
Strongly up-regulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in brain, heart, liver, colon and testis
Transiently induced in G1 phase (PubMed:19723804). Activated in fibroblasts during growth arrest. Rapidly induced in response to adriamycin-induced apoptosis. Inhibited by TP53 (PubMed:11896600). Up-regulated during cuprizone-induced inflammation and demyelination (PubMed:16374777)
Induced in absence of telomerase TLC1
Five-fold increase in meiosis in mei4-dependent manner
Expression is up-regulated by obesity
Up-regulated upon UV stress
Up-regulated during lactation
Down-regulated under iron starvation by TIS11. Transcriptionally up-regulated by YAP5 in response to increased cytosolic iron
Accumulates at stronger levels in low light than in normal or high light; more expressed in growth chamber conditions than when grown in the field (PubMed:22236032). Repressed in leaves exposed to desiccation, cold and high irradiance via a metalloprotease-dependent proteolytic process (at protein level) (PubMed:23598180). Activated by BZIP68 and GBF1 but repressed by BZIP16 (PubMed:22718771)
By heat shock. Part of the clpP-clpX operon, clpX can be expressed individually from its own promoter
Up-regulated by retinoic acid
By gibberellic acid (GA3) and submergence in the meristematic zone of internodes. Down-regulated by auxin
Up-regulated by butyrate, trichostatin A and 5'-aza-2' deoxycytidine (PubMed:14583459). Induced by DNA-damaging agents in a p53/TP53-dependent manner in HepG2 liver cancer cell line and HCT116 colon cancer cell line (PubMed:23235459)
Down-regulated upon hypoxia (PubMed:20046830). Up-regulated by the transcription factor c-Jun/JUN in a KRAS-dependent manner in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells (PubMed:24623306)
Up-regulated by androgens in cultured motor neuron cells
Expressed during stationary phase (PubMed:19121005), in minimal glucose or glycerol medium and at 45 degrees Celsius (PubMed:19734316) (at protein level)
Up-regulated in prefrontal cortex and core region of nucleus accumbens during late withdrawal from chronic cocaine administration
By sucrose, fructan substrates and fructose
Up-regulated in liver and kidney by dexamethasone, a glucocorticoid analog
Up-regulated in an EcfG-dependent manner under a variety of stresses, including high-temperature, acidic, alkaline and hyperosmotic conditions
This transcript is strongly expressed between 4.5 and 72 umol blue light/m2/s. The whole antenna complex is most highly expressed under low light; as the light levels increase antenna complex levels decrease. Thus at least in this strain the amount of antenna complex is controlled mostly at a post-transcriptional level. Transcription decreases upon iron starvation
First gene of the probable 18 gene mamAB operon
By 7-ketocholesterol (at protein level)
By serum and growth factors
Up-regulated after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Up-regulated in LPS-tolerized macrophage by LPS. Up-regulated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patient after acute sepsis
Positively transcriptionally regulated by AtxA, which, in turn, is induced by bicarbonate and high temperatures (37 degrees Celsius)
Only expressed when grown on L-arabinose
Induced by growth on glucose and ammonia
By heat
A heat shock at 35 degrees Celsius for 5 hours resulted in a 5-fold increase in levels
By high-salt stress
By trans-zeatin, cis-zeatin and isopentenyladenine in roots. Down-regulated by auxin and abscisic acid in roots
Inhibited by Notch and ESR1
Levels are regulated in a proteasome-dependent manner (at proteome level)
Induced by high light conditions
Accumulates after inoculation with Rhizophagus irregularis
By pathogens, methyl jasmonate and ethylene. Up-regulated by ORA59/ERF094
Induced during phosphate depletion and nutrient starvation (PubMed:19686042, PubMed:24722908). Part of the senX3-regX3 operon (PubMed:24722908). The two genes are separated by a rather long intercistronic region composed of a class of duplicated sequences named mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units (MIRUs) (PubMed:24722908). SenX3 and regX3 are coexpressed but also differentially transcribed during nutrient-rich and stress conditions (PubMed:24722908)
By choline and by high osmolarity in the presence of choline (PubMed:8752328, PubMed:22408163). Repressed by GbsR (PubMed:22408163)
Induced upon root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi (e.g. Rhizophagus irregularis) in roots and root tips (PubMed:25560877). Regulated by a complex comprising CCaMK, CYCLOPS, and DELLA during AM symbiosis (PubMed:27020747)
Regulated by DAN in inner ear
Repressed by water stress
By corticosteroids
By interferons alpha and gamma in a STAT1-dependent way
By BMP2, suggesting it is a target of BMP signaling
Expression is increased when the wild-type mycelia are starved for carbon sources, a condition that induces hyphal autolysis (PubMed:17119968). Significantly up-regulated expression with colloidal chitin and chito-oligomers, namely N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc), N,N'-diacetylchitobiose (GlcNAc)2 and N,N',N''-triacetylchitotriose (GlcNAc)3. Expression is not affected by changes in the levels of reactive oxygen species or in the glutathione-glutathione disulfide redox balance, the changes which are physiological characteristics developing in aging and autolyzing fungal cultures. Down-regulated by the oxidative-stress-generating agent diamide, but not by menadione or hydrogen peroxide (PubMed:17455791)
The expression of the putBCP operon is induced in a PutR-dependent fashion by very low concentrations of L-proline in the growth medium. CodY represses the operon by displacing PutR from DNA
In models of cancer cachexia, induced specifically at the onset and during the progression of muscle wasting
Mainly expressed during the vegetative phase of growth
By cholesterol, progesterone, AD and cholic acid
Induced by growth on syringate
Expression is decreased in the presence of KorA and KorC
Both isoform 1 and isoform 2 are up-regulated in response to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
In neuronal cells by wounding of the integument (at protein level) (PubMed:22227521). Activated by increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (PubMed:25594180)
Aerobically induced
By IFNG/IFN-gamma (PubMed:16959883). Induced by IRF1 in response to bacterial infection (PubMed:27693356)
Its expression is regulated by androgens such as testosterone
Expression is up-regulated by the depletion of the junctional protein paracingulin CGNL1 (PubMed:18653465)
Is strongly expressed in response to the interaction of H.pylori with the mammalian gastric mucosa
Induced at 37 degrees Celsius by the temperature-dependent transcriptional activator LcrF (VirF)
Induced by toluene, probably via the TdiR/TdiS two-component regulatory system
Expression is positively regulated by the cluster-specific transcription factor pytR
Up-regulated by interferon IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma (PubMed:9781816, PubMed:9989503, PubMed:10779520, PubMed:10950963). Induced by IL2/interleukin-2 (PubMed:9989503). Induced by Sendai virus (PubMed:26342464)
Light activation through pH changes, Mg(2+) levels and also by light-modulated reduction of essential disulfide groups via the ferredoxin-thioredoxin f system. In etiolated seedlings, induction occurs only after 4 hours of illumination
Up-regulated in denervated muscles (at protein level), with highest expression levels around 14 days following denervation. Negatively regulated by the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway
Increased by Angiotensin-2
By abscisic acid (ABA) and water stress
By cold treatment
Induced by auxin (NAA), abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonate (JA)
By growth in high osmolarity conditions (high sugar or salt) under control of OmpR (at protein level) (PubMed:3010044, PubMed:2464593). In the presence of 0.2 M NaCl, 2.0 mM sodium cholate (bile salts) decreases expression from the ompC promoter; how this is mediated is unknown (PubMed:28423182)
Up-regulated in response to mechanical stimuli in cardiac myocytes (at protein level) (PubMed:15862299)
Expression peaks at G1/S. CCN1 is stabilized during germ tube formation
Expressed in both exponetial and stationary phase in rich medium (at protein level)
Induced by both D- and L-alanine under aerobic and anaerobic growth conditions, in exponential and stationary phase. In the absence of inducer, high basal levels of activity are observed in cells growing exponentially under anaerobic conditions (at protein level) (PubMed:12193615). Strongly induced immediately after deflection from aerobic growth
By nitrogen deficiency and UV light. Negatively regulated by MYB66/WER, GL3 and BHLH2 in the developing non-hair cells, and positively regulated by CPC and TRY in the developing hair cells
Repressed by Brz, a triazole compound that acts as a brassinosteroid (BR)-specific inhibitor
Autoregulated (Probable). Up-regulated in the presence of xylan (PubMed:20937888)
Constitutively expressed on glucose medium and increased expression on ethanol
By foxf1-B
By cold stress and high light
Expressed in both exponential and stationary phase; expression is higher in exponential phase (at protein level)
Directly regulated by p53/TP53. Induced by serum and phorbol ester
By nerve growth factor
Induced by arsenate, arsenite, and antimonite
Expression is induced by ethanolamine and by N and C starvation conditions. Low expression in low ammonium with high glucose concentrations, and in high polyamine concentrations with sufficient glucose level (PubMed:31113893). Transcriptionally repressed by EpuRI (PubMed:31113893, PubMed:35409114)
Induced by galacturonate and at a higher level by polygalacturonate. Is expressed under the control of KdgR, but is not controlled by PecS. Is repressed by glucose
By IFNG/IFN-gamma in most cells
Expression is positively regulated by the cluster-specific transcription factor TRI6
Induced by cold and salt (PubMed:17151888). Probably repressed by HAG1/GCN5 (PubMed:17151888)
By Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria-mediated infection (PubMed:17537726). By parasite P.berghei infection (PubMed:16922859)
Induction by cold exposure in brown adipose tissues
By tobacco mosaic virus infection and by salicylic acid
Negatively regulated by microRNAs miR156b and miR156h
Produced when grown in air or in air supplemented with 5% CO(2). Part of the ccbL-ccbS operon
By auxin in roots (at protein level)
Up-regulated by hemin and 5-aminolevulinic acid
Transcribed and spliced in green leaves
Expression is positively regulated by the zearalenone biosynthesis specific transcription factor ZEB2 (PubMed:21833740)
Up-regulated in stimulated lymphocytes
Phosphate levels regulate glycerophosphoinositol transport activity and transcription factor PHO4 is required for GIT1 expression (PubMed:21984707). Expression profile differs significantly in isolates of high, medium, and low virulence, being the highest in the most virulent strains (PubMed:19151328)
By increasing intracellular Na(+) concentration
By ethylbenzene, toluene and acetophenone
Up-regulated by cholesterol-rich food
By the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita
Transcriptionally regulated by ArgP. Lysine has a negative effect on the expression of argO (By similarity)
Expression is induced at the beginning of the stationary phase, which is consistent with the timing of compactin production (PubMed:12172803). Expression is controlled by the ML-236B/compactin cluster transcription regulator mlcR (PubMed:12436257)
Up-regulated under sulfur-oxidizing conditions (at mRNA level), i.e. when grown on reduced sulfur compounds such as sulfide, thiosulfate or elemental sulfur
By drought stress. By mannitol, an osmotic agent. Positively regulated by LEC2
Induced by iron-limiting conditions
Up-regulated in white adipose tissue in response to pro-inflammatory signaling
Strong induction by nitrate in roots and hypocotyls. Strong induction by light and weak induction by nitrate in cotyledonary whorls
Down-regulated by water stress
Up-regulated by light. Down-regulated by dark
Up-regulated under phosphate starvation
By sulfur deprivation
Up-regulated transiently when the growth phase was changed from the log phase to the stationary phase
By drought and high-slat stress, but not by low-temperature, heat stress or abscisic acid treatment
Although swimmer cells have only a few flagella, the elongated swarmer cells are profusely covered by thousands of new flagella synthesized specifically in response to growth on surfaces or in highly viscous liquids
Induced during infection (PubMed:9002269, PubMed:9002270). By contact with cutin (PubMed:9002269, PubMed:9002270). Repressed by glucose (PubMed:9002269, PubMed:9002270)
The sibB sRNA probably represses expression of ibsB mRNA, either by destabilizing the transcript and/or preventing its translation (Probable). Expression of the proteinaceous toxin is controlled by antisense sRNA SibB
Up-regulated in cells upon senescence and terminal differentiation. Up-regulated after treatment with IFNB1/IFN-beta
Up-regulated in lung tissue in response to infection with influenza A virus
Endonuclease IV is induced by agents which generate superoxide radical anions
Expression is strongly increased during growth on protein-rich medium. Expressed at even higher levels when keratin is present in the protein-rich medium
Iron uptake is repressed by the global regulator Fur in presence of Fe(2+) (PubMed:12446835). Induced by hydroxyurea (PubMed:20005847)
Circadian-regulation. Expression increases after midnight, peaks just at dawn and gradually decreases during the daytime
Down-regulated by phosphate deficiency
By type I interferon (IFN) and viruses
Induced in larvae and adult gills by low salinity and repressed by high salinity
Significantly increased by cadnium
Up-regulated by activation of alpha1-adrenergic receptors
By salicylic acid and strongly during leaf senescence
In response to several B-cell activation signals
By abscisic acid (ABA) or phosphate deficiency in roots
Activated by 4-aminophenylmercuric acetate and phorbol ester. Up-regulated by ARHGEF4, SPATA13 and APC via the JNK signaling pathway in colorectal tumor cells
(Microbial infection) Expression induced by M.bovis MPB83 (at protein level) (PubMed:20800577)
Induced by zeatin (PubMed:29258424). Induced by auxin (PubMed:29258424). Triggered by brassinosteroids (PubMed:29258424). Accumulates in reduced red/far-red light ration (R:FR) conditions mimicking shaded conditions (PubMed:29258424). Repressed by abscisic acid (PubMed:29258424)
Down-regulated by auxin in roots
Induced by blue light illumination (470 nm), especially after dark adaptation. Induction is mediated through both cryptochrome 1 and cryptochrome 2 at lower light intensities and mainly through cryptochrome 1 at higher light intensities
Up-regulated by the aryl-beta-D-glucoside salicin
Down-regulated by cytokinins and up-regulated by nitrate, but not by ammonium
Regulated at the translational level via an alternative ribosome re-initiation mechanism in response to various stress such as endoplasmic reticulum stress or oxidative stress (PubMed:33384352). In the absence of stress, ribosomes re-initiate translation at an inhibitory upstream open reading frames (uORFs) of the QRICH1 transcript, which preclude QRICH1 translation. In response to stress and subsequent EIF2S1/eIF-2-alpha phosphorylation, ribosomes bypass the inhibitory uORFs and re-initiate translation at the QRICH1 coding sequence (PubMed:33384352). Positive autoregulation at the transcriptional level (PubMed:33384352)
Induced by abscisic acid (ABA) and salt stress in roots
Up-regulated by salicylamine
Up-regulated in response to androgens
By 17-beta-estradiol
The expression of pagP is down-regulated in Bvg-minus phase and up-regulated in Bvg-plus phase
By nitrate after two days of nitrogen deprivation and re-illumination after three days of dark adaptation
Up-regulated by ERF115, by brassinosteroid treatment, wounding and fungal infection
By N-acylhomoserine lactone (AHL)
By cyanide (By similarity). Expressed on the host leaf surface in late stages of fungal infection
Induced by interferons alpha and beta. Weaker induction was seen with interferon gamma. Increased expression was seen at the transcriptional level (By similarity)
By 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)
By cytokinin in roots and shoots
Induced by infection with the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv glycine 8ra
By low pH and excess glucose
Up-regulated by drought, salt and hydrogen peroxide treatments (PubMed:24773321). Induced by salicylic acid (SA) (PubMed:22268143, PubMed:22325892). Up-regulated by E.amylovora (PubMed:22316300). Triggered by P.syringae (PubMed:22325892)
Constitutively and highly expressed on solid and in liquid medium, with or without biofilm formation by 12 hours of culture. Repressed by DegU
Not induced by mycorrhizal colonization
Absent in G1-arrested cells and accumulates in G2-M
Expression is positively regulated by the transcription factor PHO4 (PubMed:24114876)
Up-regulated by testicular factors. However, does not seem to be directly regulated by androgens or estrogen
Accumulates to high levels when grown under continuous white light
Highly up-regulated during growth on PET film
Not controlled by the level of physiologically active gibberellin or by auxin. Up-regulated by paclobutrazol
Up-regulated by zinc and manganese. Not induced by cadmium, copper or iron. Down-regulated upon nematode infection
By IFNG/IFN-gamma in keratinocytes
Expression increased by oxygen deprivation (PubMed:19187779). Expression increased by glucose or fructose supplementation (PubMed:19936816, PubMed:29113111). Expression increased by simulated microgravity (PubMed:32448509)
YDJ1 is a heat shock gene whose expression increases moderately at elevated temperatures
By biphenyl
Induced by ozone
Induced in copper-deficient medium
Induced by air
Up-regulated by light, wounding and pathogen infection
By nitrogen deficiency and 5-fluorouracil plus methotrexate
Expression induced by hydrogen peroxide in neuronal cells. By monocrotaline in pulmonary epithelial cells (at protein level). Negatively regulated by OSBPL7 via GABARAPL2 leading to degradation on proteasomes (at protein level)
Induced by wounding (PubMed:24430866). Not induced by wounding (PubMed:18267087)
By endoplasmic reticulum stress (PubMed:21289099). Induced in nasal epithelial cells by high free iron levels (PubMed:32487760, PubMed:20484814, PubMed:27159390). Induced in nasal epithelial cells in high glucose (PubMed:32487760, PubMed:20484814, PubMed:27159390). Induced in nasal epithelial cells by 3-hydroxybutyric acid (BHB) (PubMed:32487760, PubMed:27159390)
By tryptophan starvation
Present in both red- and green-light-grown cells
Down-regulated following genotoxic stress
By phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)
The rhlR promoter region contains four different transcription start sites, two of which are included in the upstream gene (rhlB) coding region. The rhlR gene is subject to a complex transcriptional regulation. Expression is dependent on LasR and on different regulatory proteins such as Vfr and RhlR itself, and also on the alternative sigma factor sigma(54). Expression is partially LasR-independent under certain culture conditions and is strongly influenced by environmental factors
Expression is induced by nicotinate and 6-OH nicotinate, subject to nitrogen metabolite repression mediated by the GATA factor areA, and strictly regulated by the cluster-specific transcription regulator hnxR (PubMed:4581274, PubMed:29212709)
Present in when grown in sulfur-containing media, induced 42-fold after 48 hours of sulfur starvation (at protein level)
Down-regulated in CD40-activated monocyte-derived dendritic cells
By cobinamide
Part of the ruvA-ruvB operon. Expression of the ruv region is induced by damage to DNA and is regulated by LexA as part of the SOS response. RuvA and RuvB are also involved in mutagenesis induced by UV and X irradiation and by some chemicals (PubMed:3279394, PubMed:2842314). Induced by hydroxyurea (PubMed:20005847)
Low local and systemic induction by wounding
Coexpressed with the other cluster genes on brefeldin A production optimized medium
By sterol starvation
By starvation. Rapidly and transiently expressed in the first 5 min following the removal of nutrients. Expression declines after 30 min and is undetectable 2 hr after nutrient removal
Repressed by abscisic acid (ABA)
By P.aeruginosa infection
Accumulates in low CO(2) conditions
Up-regulated during neuronal differentiation
By environmental stress and during stationary phase
First induced but later repressed transiently by jasmonic acid (MJ). Slight induction after wounding, both in local and systemic tissues
By wilting and abscisic acid (ABA) (PubMed:8018874). Induced by drought stress (PubMed:12102506)
Up-regulated by trans-zeatin
Induced during growth with sulfoquinovose
By light and sucrose. Down-regulated by dark
(Microbial infection) Up-regulated in response to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viral infection
The appearance of HPR in the cotyledons of cucumber seedlings is both developmentally and light-regulated possibly at the level of transcription
By endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress
Slightly induced by the pathogenic bacteria P.syringae pv. tomato, the powdery mildew fungus G.cichoracearum, and the fungal pathogen B.cinerea
Up-regulated by ethylene treatment and wounding
Expressed in the vegetative growth phase under exclusive control of sigma-D (SigD). Expression of lytF is heterogeneous in the exponentially growing cell population; it is ON in single cells and OFF in long chains. The same subpopulation of cells that express lytF also express flagellin
Expression is highly induced in response to copper limitation by the copper-specific chelator bathocuproine disulfonic acid (BCS) (PubMed:31932719). The BIM1 promoter harbors three conserved Cu-responsive elements (CuRE), which are critical for CUF1 binding and activation under copper-limiting conditions, beginning at positions -239, -268 and -516 (PubMed:31932719). Consistent with their presence, binding of the CUF1 copper-sensing transcription factor to the BIM1 promoter is strongly induced under copper-limiting conditions and expression of BIM1 under these conditions is CUF1-dependent (PubMed:31932719)
By ecdysteroid
By 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in myeloid leukemia cells
Not regulated by salt stresses
By SHH
Ty1-LR2 is a weakly expressed element. Induced under amino acid starvation conditions by GCN4
Both the unedited and the RNA edited versions are induced by butyrate (at protein level). Only RNA edited version is induced by DTT, vinblastine or TNF (at protein level)
By furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF)
In response to penetration attempts of powdery mildew fungi
By hepatectomy, mitogens, and ischemia-reperfusion
Expression is induced by HOG1 and during biofoilm formation, and repressed by caspofungin. Also regulated by SSN6
Increased in systemic sclerosis fibroblasts
Is constitutively expressed
By 8-bromoadenosine-3',5'-phosphate
Induced by D-glucarate and D-galactarate
Up-regulated 17-fold 7 days after infection of human macrophages
Induced at the onset of hepatocyte polyploidization
Target of TAS1 (trans-acting siRNA precursor 1)-derived small interfering RNAs in response to temperature variations, thus reducing both basal and acquired thermotolerance (PubMed:24728648). Repressed by trans-acting small interfering RNA (ta-siRNAs) siR480(+)/siRNA255-mediated transcript cleavage (PubMed:16061187, PubMed:18753245). Highly up-regulated in seedlings exposed to heat shock, with higher levels of isoform 1 than isoform 2. Induced by HSFA1s-mediated (e.g. HSFA1A, HSFA1B, and HSFA1D) promoter activation (PubMed:24728648)
Up-regulated by CIA2 in leaves
Is transcribed only in the presence of nicotine
Induced by tunicamycin and DTT
Up-regulated by interferon
Circadian-regulation under long day (LD) conditions. Expression increases in the middle of daytime, peaks around the end of the light period and gradually decreases during the dark period and beginning of daylight
By viral infection with Drosophila C virus (DCV), feline herpesvirus (FHV), Sindbis virus (SINV) and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). Strongest induction occurs with SINV and VSV. Highest levels of induction occur 6-24 hours after infection with levels declining steadily until 96 hours after infection. Induction requires the dorsal-related immunity factor Dif but does not require the myeloid differentiation primary response protein MyD88 (PubMed:26739560). By muscle tissue stress (PubMed:30036358)
Expression is regulated by a complex signaling network which may include cross-pathway interactions mediated by sensing of the cluster final products or shared biosynthetic intermediates
Specifically induced in the anterior midgut of males (PubMed:15983375). Expression levels are regulated by juvenile hormone III (JH III) (PubMed:15983375)
Expression is dramatically up-regulated (29-fold) during the naphthoquinone-producing stage (on potato dextrose agar) compared with the naphthoquinone-nonproducing stage (on complete medium agar)
Expressed under acidic conditions. Expression is positively regulated by HAP43 and NRG1, and repressed by RIM101. Expression is also controlled by SUR7
Decreases steadily in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
Circadian-regulation with an afternoon peak in long days and with a broad night peak in short days (PubMed:21950734). Expression of AS1 in stem cells of the shoot apical meristem is prevented by SHOOT MERISTEMLESS (STM). Expression is activated by GTE6 during leaf morphogenesis (PubMed:16166385)
Negatively regulated by the let-7 microRNA
Repressed by 5 J/m2 ultraviolet light and 50 mM NaCl, slightly induced by 20 J/m2 ultraviolet light, 100 and 150 mM Nacl. Member of the csa5-cas7-cas5a-cas3-cas3'-cas8a2 operon
Expression is regulated by foxj1
Cotranscribed with incD, incE and incG within 2 hours after internalization
During differentiation of epidermal keratinocytes
The expression of this protein is developmentally regulated and is correlated with the 20-OH-ecdysone induced activity of puff 75B
Induced by cold, drought and salt stress, but repressed by pathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000, jasmonate (MeJA), ethylene (ET) and salicylic acid (SA), mainly in shoots
Activated by CRP. Essentially constitutive over all growth phases. 2-fold induced by ethanol, repressed by SDS and heat shock. Not induced by hypoxia, slightly induced by NO and in macrophage and mouse infection, 10-fold induced by cAMP. There are 2 CRP-binding sites in the promoter of whiB1, at low concentrations of CRP with or without cAMP transcription of whiB1 is enhanced via site CRP1, then repressed as site CRP2 is filled
Up-regulated by treatments inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress
Up-regulated in colon under several inflammatory conditions. Down-regulated by hyperoxia in bronchial epithelial cells
Decreased expression in heart following aortic banding, a procedure that mimics cardiac hypertrophy produced by high blood pressure
Induced in the presence of D-galacturonate (Ref.1, PubMed:9530868, PubMed:11386378). Expression is regulated by ExuR (PubMed:11386378). Maximal transcription activity is observed within 8 hours of bacterial inoculation into potato tubers, well before any visible symptoms of disease are detected (PubMed:11386378)
By nerve injury
Levels follow a circadian cycle with a progressive decrease during the day time (at protein level) (PubMed:25343985). Down-regulated by brassinosteroids (BRs) in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Repressed by BES1. Auto-activation of expression (PubMed:24981610). Targeted to 26S proteasomal degradation by the CULLIN3 (CUL3)-based E3 ligases CRL3(BPMs) (PubMed:25343985)
By growth on molybdenum, under anaerobic conditions
Repressed by BigR
Expressed at high levels equally in exponential and stationary phase in rich medium (at protein level)
Repressed by MntR in response to manganese
By PhoP. Repressed by BasR
Up-regulated in response to the cytokines IL1B, IFNG and TNF (PubMed:12244054). Strongly up-regulated in response to the bacterium P.aeruginosa (PubMed:12244054). Moderately up-regulated in response to S.aureus, E.coli and S.pyogenes (PubMed:12244054). Up-regulated in kidney in response to infection (PubMed:25075772)
In petals, transcripts, protein and enzyme activity levels follow a circadian oscillation, with an increase during afternoon to reach a maxima in darkness and exhibit lower levels in the morning, thus leading to a nocturnal emission of floral monoterpenes
Repressed by H-NS. Part of the citCDEFXG operon
In exponential phase (PubMed:19121005) repressed in minimal glycerol medium, repressed in low oxygen (PubMed:19734316) (at protein level)
Accumulates during cold acclimation, especially in roots
Up-regulated in response to lipopolysaccharid and IL1B treatment
By jasmonic acid (JA) and infection with the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe grisea
Induced by zinc-depletion via the transcription factor ZAP1. Expression is sensitive to intracellular zinc levels (PubMed:16551612). Repressed by inositol (PubMed:15201274)
By dehydration and salt stresses. Induced after one hour of dehydration-stress and reaches maximal levels after 10 hours. Induced by cold, ozone, senescence and dark-induced etiolation. Down-regulated by ozone (at protein level). Not induced by heat stress
Up-regulated by TNF-alpha and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro
By the AI-2 quorum sensing system
Up-regulated by alamethicin treatment
By cyclic-AMP; this induction is inhibited by DIF-1
Up-regulated by drought, salt and cold treatments
Repressed by FadR in the absence of LCFAs (fatty acids of 14-20 carbon atoms). When LCFAs are present in the medium, they are converted to long-chain acyl-CoAs, which antagonize FadR as to its binding to fadR boxes on target DNA and thus derepress transcription
Transcribed at low levels from its own promoter. Transcript includes downstream gene glk. Expressed when grown on glucose or galactose, levels decrease as cells enter stationary phase
By gibberellin. Down-regulated in leaves by drought stress
Induced by jasmonic acid (JA), abscisic acid (ABA) and salt (NaCl)
Up-regulated by Golgi stress-inducing agents such nigericin, trichostatin, tetoposide, campothecin and brefeldin A (PubMed:31133683). Up-regulated by IL1B/interleukin-1 beta and TNFA/TNF-alpha (PubMed:28073078)
Induced by amino acid starvation, carbon starvation and when translation is blocked. Induction no longer occurs in the absence of Lon protease suggesting, by homology to other toxin-antitoxin systems, that Lon may degrade the HicB antitoxin. A member of the hicA-hicB operon
Expressed during exponential and stationary phase growth, under autologous control
By abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene, salt, cold and heat
Constitutively expressed, levels decrease in stationary phase; more strongly induced in an rnlA deletion mutant, levels remain high even in stationary phase (at protein level). Both positively (PubMed:1328816) and negatively autoregulated (PubMed:6297782)
Induced by homogentisate and repressed by HmgR
Transiently repressed after nerve injury
By drought stress in guard cells
In shoots, strongly induced by abscisic acid (ABA) treatment and reduced after NaCl treatment or potassium starvation
By iron deprivation
By gibberellin and brassinolide. Down-regulated by abscisic acid (ABA)
Expression is induced when NaNO(3) is used as sole nitrogen source (PubMed:36137261). Expression is positively regulated by the cluster-specific transcription factor FMN4 (PubMed:36137261)
Expression is increased when transferring biotin auxotrophic mutant mycelia from biotin-supplemented medium to biotin-deficient medium
By ethylene and wounding
Up-regulated by G-CSF/CSF3 and M-CSF/CSF1 in bone marrow mononuclear cells, hence up-regulation may be linked to differentiation
By transcription factor HCM1 during S phase
Up-regulated in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
Up-regulated in response to depletion of tryptophan, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or availability of charged tRNATrp
Induced by neotrehalosadiamine
By drought stress and photooxidative conditions
By acid stress, via the EvgS/EvgA system
By acidic conditions. Forms an operon with upstream adiA but not downstream adiC
Expression is induced upon voriconazole treatment (PubMed:16622700). Expression is up-regulated in sreA deficiency strains, probably in response to accumulation of toxic compounds (PubMed:18721228). Expression is up-regulated during biofilm growth (PubMed:21724936). Expression is increased in clinical azole-resistant isolates (PubMed:15504870)
Down-regulated by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, PAO1 strain and up-regulated by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, PA14 strain infection
Induced by pathogens, cycloheximide and ozone treatment
Expressed in dark and light (at protein level). Part of the bphO-bphP operon (PubMed:27621284)
Strongly up-regulated by PPARG
Up-regulated in biofilm, in oralpharyngeal candidasis, and upon milbemycins A3 oxim derivative (A3Ox). Down-regulated by fluconazole
Up-regulated by brassinolides. Down-regulated by 2-aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), high CO(2), isoxaben, and propiconazole treatments
By conditions that induce the stringent response such as increased expression of RelA, heat shock at 43 degres Celsius, probably under control of sigma factor E and/or H (rpoE, rpoH), or growth in the presence of trimethoprim (TMP), mupirocin or serine hydroxamate
By Pi deficiency in roots
Accumulates at stronger levels in low light than in normal or high light; more expressed in growth chamber conditions than when grown in the field (PubMed:22236032). Repressed in leaves exposed to desiccation, cold and high irradiance via a metalloprotease-dependent proteolytic process (at protein level) (PubMed:23598180)
Ty1-GR3 is a weakly expressed element. Induced under amino acid starvation conditions by GCN4
Down-regulated by aging (PubMed:26463675). Induced by pulsatile shear stress (PubMed:28167758)
Up-regulation upon tissues inflammation is abolished by anti-inflammatory drugs
Repressed by MYB44. Induced by ABA
Induced in light but repressed in darkness
In roots, by aluminum and salt. Expressed with a circadian rhythm reaching a maximum at late in the dark period or early in the light period
By heat shock and cadmium
By fasting in hepatocytes. Up-regulated in fld/fld (defect in LPIN1) mice. Up-regulated at protein level but not at transcript level in ob/ob and db/db mice, two obese mice models
By thyroid hormones in hypothyroid animals
In response to low temperature. Is induced below an apparent threshold temperature of approximately 22 degrees Celsius
By bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and IL1B/interleukin-1 beta in peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Not regulated in the quinolinate synthase mutant old5 causing increased NAD steady state levels
Expression is regulated by the transcription factor AP-2-alpha/tfap2a
Up-regulated at protein level by cell density. However, at the mRNA level remains the same regardless of the status of cell density
By transcriptional activator RPN4
During infection
During mycoparasitism
Following heat shock stress
Highly activated by bacterial elicitors (e.g. flg22 and HrpZ) and fungal/oomycete elicitors (e.g. NPP1) (PubMed:16678099). Transiently induced by the pathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (PubMed:16678099)
Down-regulated in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) kidneys (PubMed:18180268). Up-regulated by testosterone and moderately down-regulated by estradiol (PubMed:10812069)
By environmental stress and abscisic acid (ABA)
High and constant expression in cycling cells. Down-regulated upon cell cycle exit and quiescence
Induced by several classes of structurally unrelated antibiotics, such as erythromycin, fusidic acid or linezolid
Down-regulated by abscisic acid
By environmental conditions
Up-regulated by double-stranded DNA breaks-inducing treatments (PubMed:17227549). Up-regulated by zeocin treatment (PubMed:21613568)
Regulated by srfA
Down-regulated by cadmium
Down-regulated by digoxin
In contrast to other thiamine biosynthetic genes, thiL is not transcriptionally regulated by thiamine-pyrophosphate. Appears to be constitutively expressed
Induced by salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (MeJA), wounding, flagellin 22 (fgl22) and abcisic acid (ABA)
Induced by methyl jasmonate (MeJA)
Strongly up-regulated under conditions of cholestasis
In osteoblasts, by FGF2
Expression is dramatically induced in the presence of insect hemolymph as well as by lipids (PubMed:35276754). In addition, is also up-regulated in cultures containing insect cuticle and under conditions of nutrient starvation (PubMed:35276754)
Repressed by dietary highly unsaturated fatty acids
Slightly induced by salt stress
Expression is negaticely regulated by the global nitrogen regulator areA
Expression is up-regulated during development of the basidiocarp
By ER stress inducer tunicamycin, by salicylic acid (SA) and by bacterial pathogen infection
Regulated by OAF1 and PIP2. Highly expressed in presence of glucose. Expressed at lower level in presence of glycerol or glycerol and oleate. Highly expressed in the presence of saturated fatty-acids such as myristate
Expression is up-regulated in mouse embryonic fibroblasts by genotoxic reagents 5-fluorouracil and etoposide (PubMed:16186796). Up-regulated in cardiac cells by anticancer drug doxorubicin (PubMed:26689472)
Expressed late in the infectious cycle
By abscisic acid (ABA) and dehydration in roots and plantlets, and by salt stress in plantlets
Expression is induced under iron-depleted conditions (PubMed:28842536)
Up-regulated by double-stranded DNA breaks-inducing treatments (PubMed:17227549). Up-regulated by DNA damage (PubMed:24399300)
Strongly induced upon phosphate (Pi) starvation
Expressed at low levels during exponential growth, it increases dramatically at the onset of sporulation (at protein level). A member of the spoIISA-spoIISB operon
Induced by auxin and nitrogen (N) (PubMed:24179095). Induced in shoots in response to nitrogen and nitrate starvation (PubMed:24179096, PubMed:25324386). Accumulates also under osmotic stress (e.g. mannitol and NaCl) (PubMed:24179096)
By interferon-alpha (PubMed:28129379). By viral infection (PubMed:26358190)
Down-regulated at late stage by auxin
Expression is positively regulated by the cercosporin cluster-specific transcription factor CTB8 (PubMed:17462021). Expression is also affected by nitrogen and carbon sources and pH, and is also controlled by another transcription activator, CRG1, previously shown to regulate cercosporin production and resistance (PubMed:17462021)
Rapidly up-regulated after pathogen exposure (e.g. avirulent and virulent Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato) in a salicylic acid (SA) defense-signaling pathway-dependent manner. Circadian-regulation with accumulation during the light period, peaks of expression at the end of the day, and low levels during the dark period. Up-regulated by UV-C light through a SA-dependent process and in a CONSTANS- (CO) dependent manner
By salicylic acid, flagellin, oligogalacturonides, silver nitrate, UV-C and infection with A.alternata and various strains of P.syringae. Activated by the transcription factor WRKY33 upon infection with P.syringae
Constitutively expressed in agar-grown cells (at protein level), part of the csgBAC (agfBAC) operon
The translation of shiA mRNA is activated by the small RNA (sRNA) RyhB (PubMed:17542919). In the presence of the RNA chaperone Hfq, shiA mRNA forms an inhibitory structure that blocks the translation initiation (PubMed:17542919). However, when RyhB is expressed, it pairs with the 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) of the shiA mRNA to prevent the formation of this inhibitory structure, which allows translation to proceed and synthesis of the shikimate permease (PubMed:17542919). Expression does not appear to be regulated by the TyrR protein, a repressor/activator that controls the expression of other genes involved in the biosynthesis or transport of the aromatic amino acids (PubMed:9524262)
Weakly induced by abscisic acid (ABA)
Up-regulated by IL1A/interleukin-1 alpha and TNF
Induced by methionine. Repressed by sulfate via the cysteine metabolism repressor YrzC/CymR
By homeobox transcription factors
Down-regulated in the brains of Alzheimer disease patients
Expressed with a circadian rhythm showing a broad peak in the late day
Up-regulated in the leaf sheaths of rice plants grown from seeds that were inoculated with the nonpathogenic P.fluorescens strain KH-1
Induced by cyclohexanol
Induced by both chromate and the stationary phase
Induced by INA and wounding
Under positive control of SigD (PubMed:11987133). Repressed by CsrA; repression is greater in the 1A96 than 168 genetic background and higher in minimal than rich medium (PubMed:17555441)
Repressed by BepR
Glucocorticoids suppressed mRNA expression and protein synthesis
Up-regulated by gamma-irradiation
Down-regulated in response to LPS (lipopolysaccharide) challenge
By bacterial infection (at protein level) (PubMed:9736738). Up-regulated in hemolymph 6 hours after immune challenge, levels of expression increase for first 24 hours and persist for the following two weeks (at protein level) (PubMed:9736738)
By PMA/ionomycin and concanavalin/interleukin-2
By drought
Expressed with a circadian rhythm showing a peak at dawn and then decreasing to reach the lowest levels early in the night in SD conditions
Expressed in the presence of either arabinose or arabinotriose. Repressed by glucose
Highly induced by isopentenyladenine (iP). Induced by cis-zeatin (cZ) and dihydrozeatin (DHZ) (PubMed:22642989). Induced by cytokinin in roots (PubMed:17408920)
By zinc, cadmium and cobalt (zinc being the best and cobalt being the worst inducer)
Isoform 1 is down-regulated by phorbol ester treatment. Isoform 2 is induced by phorbol ester treatment
Up-regulated by sugar
By cytokinin. Induction by cytokinin is blocked by auxin, but not by cycloheximide. Induced by sucrose and glucose. Induced by 24-epi-brassinolide. Down-regulated by sucrose starvation
By heat shock as well as salt or ethanol stress
Up-regulated in nutritive stress but not in acidic and oxidative stress
Expressed in presence of glucose, chitin or fungal cell walls. However, lower levels of expression were found on chitin. Also expressed in carbon starvation conditions
Circadian regulation. Up-regulated by light, heat, jasmonic acid, ethylene and abscisic acid treatments. Down-regulated by drought and salt treatment. Not induced by UV irradiation
Transcriptionally regulated by ONECUT1 in the developing endoderm
Expression is induced by hydrogen peroxide, and this induction requires prr1 and pap1p as well as atf1p and sty1p
By low temperature and also less strongly, by water stress or abscisic acid (ABA)
Down-regulated after extracellular amino-acid addition
By TGFB1
Expression shows a diurnal pattern of oscillation across the 24-hour light-dark, with increased levels during the light period (at protein level) (Ref.3). Down-regulated in the late stationary growth phase as compared to the early stationary and exponential growth phases (PubMed:23291769)
Induced in roots by treatment with inorganic phosphate
Up-regulated in pre-hypertrophic and hypertrophic chondrocytes during the embryonic development of long bones
Expression is strongly increased during growth on protein-rich medium. Expression levels are the same whether keratin is present or not in the protein-rich medium
Expressed at a high level during the early stages of infection
By IL1B/interleukin-1 beta and thyroid hormone. Probably induced by dexamethasone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), progesterone, retinoic acid and retinal. Repressed by the Notch-Hes signaling pathway
Up-regulated by UV-irradiation
Strongly expressed in the presence of human IgG
By wounding, gibberelic acid and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), but not after treatment with methyl jasmonate or active oxygen species
By wounding, drought and salt stresses, benzothiadiazole (BTH), ethephon, methyl jasmonate (MeJa), hydrogen peroxide, abscisic acid (ABA) and incompatible and compatible races of rice blast fungus (M.grisea)
Increased by p53/TP53
Inhibition upon iron and zinc deficiency. Not regulated by copper. Subjected to diurnal regulation
Part of an operon going from at least MXAN_7266 to MXAN_7259 that includes a CRISPR operon with transcription continuing into the pre-crRNA locus
Transcribed during vegetative phase, drops off during sporulation, rises again 30-40 minutes after germination. A small amount is present in dormant spores
Ty1-GR1 is a highly expressed element. Induced under amino acid starvation conditions by GCN4
Induced by the C24 primary bile acids cholic acid (CA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA)
Autoinduction down-regulated by SUP in adaxial region of the ovule outer integument. Negatively and spatially regulated by HLL, ANT, BELL1, NZZ/SPL and SUP
Initially decreases as oxygen levels drop, then rises again
By 1-butanol. Primary and secondary C3,C4 alcohols as well as butyraldehyde
Up-regulated in liver tumor tissues
Regulated in a cell cycle-dependent manner, peaking in G1 phase. Appears exclusively during the G1 and S phases (at protein level). Negatively regulated by transcription factor SBF (SWI4-SWI6 cell-cycle box binding factor)
Induced by a very large spectrum of stimuli distinct from glucocorticoids and serum. These include aldosterone, cell shrinkage, cell swelling, TGF-beta, ischemic injury of the brain, neuronal excitotoxicity memory consolidation, chronic viral hepatitis, DNA-damaging agents, vitamin D3 psychophysiological stress, iron, glucose, EDN1, CSF2, fibroblast growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, phorbolesters, follicle-stimulating hormone, sorbitol, heat shock, oxidative stress, UV irradiation, and p53/TP53. Many of these stimuli are highly cell-specific, as is the case, for example for aldosterone, which has been found to stimulate its expression only in cells derived from aldosterone-responsive epithelia. Isoform 2 is not induced by glucocorticoids but by excessive extracellular glucose and by TGFB1, in cultured cells
Decreased in the hypocotyl zone of cell elongation by water deficit
Induced under limited magnesium growth conditions by the PhoP/PhoQ two-component system
Mainly expressed when grown on glucose containing growth medium
Expression gradually increases to a maximum at 7 days after inoculation of pepper leaves
By the redox response regulator Anr under aerobic and anaerobic conditions and by Dnr only under anaerobic conditions
By wounding, methyl jasmonate, and by E.graminis infection in leaves
Up-regulated by UV treatment
Circadian-regulation with a peak at midnight
Up-regulated by low nitrate conditions
By pregnancy
Expressed in exponential phase, peaks at 10 days and decreases after up to 50 days in culture; induced by detergent (11-fold), heat shock (23-fold, 45 degrees Celsius), low aeration (2.5-fold) and oxidative stress (2.7-fold, SigE and SigH responsive). Seen to be induced (PubMed:9882660) and slightly repressed (PubMed:10027986) by 10 mM H(2)O(2). 2- to 6-fold induced by starvation. Its basal expression is largely under control of SigE, probably via MrpAB, although other factors including SigH also play a role. Half-life of about 2 minutes
Induced in interstitial capillaries in response to hind leg ischemia (PubMed:17068295). Alterations in nutrition and leptin administration are found to modulate the expression in vivo
Up-regulated in monocytes upon adhesion and recruitment to arteries (PubMed:30015240). Up-regulated by the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 beta/IL1B (PubMed:24529376)
Circadian-regulation
By AMP
Induced by srfA, during development
Constitutively expressed, but on a much lower level than phd1 (only 0.2% of the amount of transcript)
By gibberellin and H(2)O(2). Down-regulated by ascorbate
Induced by NFATC1 in bone marrow-derived macrophages (PubMed:23478294). Induced by TNFSF11/RANKL and TNF in bone marrow macrophages (PubMed:32741026)
Accumulates during age-dependent and dark-induced leaf senescence
Induced during the stationary phase of growth, by calorie restriction, by various hyperosmotic shocks or by low-intensity stress (at protein level)
Highly induced by cellobiose. To a lesser extent, is also induced by gentiobiose, cellobiitol, and methyl-beta-glucoside, but not by arbutin, salicin, esculin or phenyl-beta-glucoside
Expression is regulated by a large number of systems, including induction by quorum sensing via the two-component regulatory system QseB/QseC, induction by cAMP-CRP, repression by high osmolarity via OmpR and repression by H-NS
The subglutinol cluster is highly expressed when mycelia and hyphae are transferred to fresh media for a 3 h induction period, remaining expressed under conditions of heat shock (PubMed:34863012). The cluster is repressed in cultures reaching stationary phase or in early germinating cultures, as well as under conditions of UV, salt and oxidative stress (PubMed:34863012)
Induced in conditions of high pH and in the presence of sodium and potassium ions (PubMed:10428498, PubMed:11932440). Induced by manganese ions (PubMed:10428498). May be induced by calcium ions (PubMed:10428498, PubMed:11932440)
Expressed in light-grown cells, probably a member of the senC-regA-hvrA operon (PubMed:7961455)
Expression is 700-fold higher in the hyphae within the root than in the free-living mycelium after 24h of direct interaction with the roots (PubMed:25857333). Expression is low in vegetative mycelia and highly up-regulated during development of the basidiocarp (PubMed:25957233)
By heat and oxidative stresses, and abscisic acid (ABA)
Strongly induced in hypoxia
Constitutively expressed during log and stationary phase in sucrose-limited cultures, its levels decrease during stationary phase (at protein level)
A member of the dormancy regulon. Induced in response to reduced oxygen tension (hypoxia), low levels of nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO). It is hoped that this regulon will give insight into the latent, or dormant phase of infection. Induced in mouse lungs at the same time that adaptive host immunity induces bacterial growth arrest; induction is dependent on interferon gamma
By cold, drought stress and methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) treatment
Expression decreases after transfer to photoheterotrophic conditions
Rapid but transient induction by wounding, salicylic acid treatment or pathogen infection (PubMed:15618630). Accumulates at the penetration site of powdery mildew (e.g. G.cichoracearum) infection (PubMed:25747881)
By nitrate in roots. Expressed in roots with a circadian rhythm showing an increase at the end of the night period, a peak during the first part of the light period and then a decrease
Target of miR172 microRNA mediated cleavage, particularly during floral organ development (Probable). Induced by SH5 in spikelets abscission zones (AZ). Triggered by cold stress (PubMed:24923192)
Induced by AlkS and n-alkanes
Transcript abundance is medium and expression levels are not significantly affected by desiccation or rehydratation (PubMed:23761966)
Up-regulated by wounding with a peak 3 hours after wounding
Up-regulated by RNF207 (at protein level)
Induced by dehydroabietinal-dependent (DA), a diterpenoid tricyclic diterpene that promotes flowering and systemic acquired resistance (SAR)
May be the target of the microRNA (miRNA) MIR393a
By Alternaria brassicae pathogen infection
Transcriptionally regulated by SigB
Is constitutively expressed at low levels regardless of the presence or absence of D-xylose
Induced by high pH (PubMed:9430707). Not induced in response to sodium ions (PubMed:9430707)
Up-regulated by dehydration, salt stress and abscisic acid (ABA). Not regulated by cold
Induced by MPA resulting in resistance to the drug. Repressed by nutrient limitation
Induced in roots after inoculation with Mesorhizobium loti (PubMed:17071642). Down-regulated in developmentally young regions of roots after inoculation with Mesorhizobium loti (PubMed:23335614)
By hyperosmotic stress and dark-induced senescence
In macrophages, transiently down-regulated in response to TLR3 ligands and to L.guyanensis containing dsRNA LRV1 virus infection; however, protein levels are not affected
Repressed by MEA, FIS2 and FIE in seeds, and by PKL after germination
By interleukin-6 and acute acid-induced gastric injury. Inhibited by prolactin
Repressed by heat
Expression of the hemolysin is modulated by the availability of iron
Has 3 promoters, 1 is heat inducible at 42 degrees Celsius (probably under control of sigma-32). Transcription from the other 2 promoters is induced just prior to the onset of DNA replication, at the swarmer-to-stalked-cell transition, lasts through the stalked-cell phase and then decreases in the predivisional cell
Is induced by D-xylose. No significant levels of expression can detected when the cells are grown on various other sugars such as L-xylose, L-arabinose, D-galactose, D-tagatose and D-glucose
By the fungal pathogen Verticillium dahliae
Up-regulated by heat stress and continuous light. Down-regulated by continuous dark and cold stress. Not induced by pathogens or treatment with methyl jasmonate or methyl salicylate
Induced by biotic elicitors (e.g. fungal chitin oligosaccharide and fungal cerebroside elicitors) and pathogen infection (e.g. the compatible pathogenic fungus M.grisea race 007, M. grisea crabgrass BR29) (PubMed:18175928, PubMed:19772648, PubMed:23462973). Accumulates in response to M.oryzae (PubMed:21726398). Triggered by defense signaling molecules, such as salicylic acid (SA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), 1-aminocyclo-propane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), wounding and pathogen infection (e.g. X.oryzae) (PubMed:16919842). Repressed by gibberellic acid (GA) (at protein level) (PubMed:15047897, PubMed:19199048). Induced by abscisic acid (ABA) in aleurone cells, roots and leaves (PubMed:15618416, PubMed:16623886). Accumulates in response to uniconazole, a GA biosynthesis inhibitor (PubMed:16623886). Triggered strongly by cold in leaves, stems and developing spikes, but moderately by drought and salt stresses (PubMed:14645724, PubMed:23495849)
Induced by salicylate, methyl viologen, chitosan, hydrogen peroxide and sodium phosphate
Induced by drought (PubMed:27915173). Accumulates upon root colonization by Myrmica ants (Myrmica sabuleti and Myrmica scabrinodis) concomitantly with jasmonates induction; this leads to the production of carvacrol, an attractant for the phytophagous-predaceous butterfly Maculinea arion, whose larvae initially feed on Origanum vulgare flowerheads before switching to parasitize Myrmica ant colonies for their main period of growth (PubMed:26156773). Strongly induced by Spodoptera littoralis, an herbivory insect, thus triggering the production of carvacrol, which exhibits insecticide properties (PubMed:30231481)
Expression correlates with the formation of the sclerotia and thus the pigment production and is directly regulated by the cluster-specific activator CPUR_05433 (PubMed:28955461)
Activated by cAMP receptor protein (CRP). Repressed by DnaA
Expression is induced under gibberellin-producing conditions (PubMed:9917370)
Expression is stimulated under green light conditions (PubMed:27998068)
Down-regulated by drought and oxidative stresses. Up-regulated by wounding
By low temperature, and mostly by water stress or abscisic acid (ABA)
Up-regulated during ciliogenesis
Up-regulated in presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS), like bleomycin, H(2)O(2) and phenazine methosulfate
Not induced by pathogens or by wounding
Induced by TNFSF11/RANKL-stimulation of bone marrow-derived macrophages
By interleukin-18 and the induction is strongly mediated by an activator protein-1-dependent pathway
Induced by salt stress and abscisic acid treatment
By sulfite. Repressed by oxygen
Induced by mannitol. Repressed by MltR
Induced by phenylacetate, phenylacetaldehyde, 3-hydroxyphenylacetate, phenylalanine, phenylbutyric acid, DL-phenyllactate, phenylpyruvate, or 4-phenylbutyrate
By vancomycin, mediated by VanS/VanR
Expression is low but constitutive, and repressed by VapB-VapC. Translation of vapC mRNA requires VapB. Member of the vapB-vapC operon
By glycerol and sn-glycerol-3-phosphate
Up-regulated in response to chitosan
Repressed by thiamine. Induced by ethanol, Cu(2+) chloride and heat
By p53/TP53, UV irradiation, by hydrogen peroxide treatment or by treatment with a DNA-damaging reagent
This transcript is moderately expressed between 4.5 and 72 umol blue light/m2/s. The whole antenna complex is most highly expressed under low light; as the light levels increase antenna complex levels decrease. Thus at least in this strain the amount of antenna complex is controlled mostly at a post-transcriptional level. Transcription decreases slightly upon iron starvation
Up-regulated in astrocytes residing in or close to CNS lesions, such as cryo-injured cerebral cortex and stab-injured spinal cord (PubMed:12480185, PubMed:15665855). Up-regulated by ER stress in astrocytes (at protein level). This induction is accompanied by increased proteolytic cleavage that releases the N-terminal transcription factor domain (PubMed:15665855). Up-regulated by BMP2 and RUNX2 in calvaria osteoblasts. This induction at the transcript and protein levels is accompanied by increased proteolytic cleavage that releases the N-terminal transcription factor domain, possibly through mild ER stress (PubMed:19767743). Also induced by BMP2 in bone marrow stromal cells
Induced by synthetic TLR7 ligand gardiquimod (GRD) in cultured splenic macrophages
By FGF-1 (By similarity). Up-regulated by calpain inhibitor I (N-acetyl-leucyl-leucyl-norleucinal/ALLN)
By abscisic acid, dehydration and rehydration
Up-regulated during retrieval and consolidation of fear memory (PubMed:16819996, PubMed:28642476). Down-regulated in brain during Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and rabies virus infection (PubMed:17010311)
By DNA damaging agents, such as UV, adriamycin, actinomycin D and cisplatin
Early induced by insulin independently of glucose and by 17-beta-estradiol in liver
Induced when cells are grown on oleate as sole carbon source. Repressed by glucose
By Spo0A (PubMed:12817086) and PhoP (PubMed:16816204), during nutrient starvation, especially phosphate starvation. Repressed by AbrB during normal growth when nutrients are plentiful, in association with the transcriptional repressor Abh
Induced by gibberellin (e.g. gibberellic acid GA) that accumulates in seeds after red light treatment (PubMed:15056893). Accumulates rapidly but transiently upon infection with virulent but not with avirulent P.syringae (PubMed:16807755). In whole plants, expression increases after 2 hours of exposure to drought and abscisic acid (ABA), and after 5 hours of exposure to high salinity treatment. At the 5 hour time point, expression under drought and ABA treatment is also higher than that under the high salinity condition (PubMed:19901034)
Repressed by SMB in oriented-divised root cap stem cells
By cytokines. TNF-alpha may regulate expression in the thymus. Up-regulated in presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS), like H(2)O(2), in LPS-tolerized macrophages
By the neuronal determination factor neurog2/X-ngngr-1. Repressed by Notch signaling
Induced by methanol. Subject to strong carbon catabolite repression (By similarity)
Down-regulated upon bacterial infection in macrophages
By oxygen and heat shock
Activated by RamA and repressed by RamB
Strongly induced upon exposure to type I interferons, viruses, LPS, and other stresses, including certain genotoxic stresses
Enhanced by dehydration stress but repressed by heat stress
Up-regulated in asthenozoospermic sperm
Repressed by aspirin
Expression is induced by exogenous putrescine, cadaverine and spermidine. Induced also by ammonium limitation, but only with a simultaneous low glucose level (PubMed:28487688). Transcriptionally regulated by EpuRII (PubMed:35409114)
Induced by sucrose, glucose and abscisic acid (ABA)
By PAP1
By iron depletion
Up-regulated at the proliferative phase of the mentrual cycle. Up-regulated by estrogen
Transcribed from its own promoter, it may also be cotranscribed with downstream frp
By lipopolysaccharides in macrophages and in primary microglia
By dorsal mesoderm-inducing signals including activin and vegt. Not induced by wnt8 alone, but wnt8 potentiates the response to activin and vegt
Cell-cycle-regulated
In stationary phase of anaerobic cultures
Transcriptionally regulated by FIS at 37 degrees Celsius. Subject to H-NS-mediated transcriptional repression below 32 degrees Celsius and at low pH
By mechanical tensile force in periodontal ligament fibroblasts
By interferon beta
In contrast to uda-1, expression is not induced by stress
Up-regulated in the abscission zone following treatment with propylene and in both the abscission zone and surrounding tissues after wounding due to embryoctomy
Light activation through pH changes, Mg(2+) levels and also by light-modulated reduction of essential disulfide groups via the ferredoxin-thioredoxin f system
By winter conditions, at least in part by water temperatures of below 8 degrees Celsius
Expressed in both exponential and stationary phase in rich medium; expression is higher in exponential phase (at protein level)
Is part of an operon containing at least two genes, bsh and glnE (GlnE is glutamine synthetase adenylyltransferase)
CAD1/YAP2 expression is at least partially regulated at the level of mRNA stability. Two small upstream open reading frames (uORF) in its mRNA cause increased RNA decay. The translation initiation factor eIF2 counteracts this effect by causing reinitiation at the functional initiation site, thus suppressing RNA decay
Requires the presence of GABA
Is expressed at all temperatures, but accumulation of htrB transcripts slightly declines with raising temperature. Thus, its expression is not induced by heat shock
Rapidly induced by dehydration, high salinity and cold stresses
Induced by pro-inflammatory stimuli and down-regulated by anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid
Cotranscribed with sigma-M and yhdK. YhdL and yhdK negatively regulate sigma-M
By carbon dioxide-limited conditions, probably via CmpR
By heavy metal ions
Expression augmented in cells that overproduce ethylene but significantly suppressed in cells that have lower ethylene production
Repressed by herbicides such as flufenacet and benfuresate (PubMed:12916765). Up-regulated by osmotic stress and abscisic acid and down-regulated by darkness (PubMed:12177469, PubMed:18465198). Down-regulated by low temperature and up-regulated by salt and drought (PubMed:18465198)
Conditioned medium from iron-depleted astrocytes increases SLC9A9 levels in human blood-brain barrier endothelial cells (hBMVECs)
By serum; in 3T3 fibroblasts
This gene is probably the major expressed form
After 24 hours of starvation, up-regulated in the brainstem and cerebellum and down-regulated in the hypothalamus (PubMed:27981419). Following 8 weeks of high-fat diet, down-regulated in the brainstem (PubMed:27981419)
Expression of the pchEF operon is strictly dependent on the PchR regulator and is induced by extracellular pyochelin, the end product of the pathway. Repressed by Fur and iron
Not induced by nitrate
By heat shock, salt stress, oxidative stress, glucose limitation and oxygen limitation
Expression is regulated by the aurofusarin biosynthesis cluster-specific transcription factor aurR1/GIP2 (PubMed:16461721)
Expression increases about 5-fold as cells approach stationary phase, under control of sigma factor S (rpoS)
First expressed at onset of sporulation, maximal transcription at 18 hours during sporulation in mid-stationary phase. Under control of sigma-H factor; in B.subtilis is under control of the sigma-G factor
Induced in hyphae and up-regulated during oral infection. Expression is higher in white cells
By stress and hormones. By infection with rice blast fungus (M.grisea). Circadian-regulation. Expression is higher during the light phase than during the dark phase. Induced by salt stress (PubMed:16397796, PubMed:23468992). Induced by heat shock (PubMed:22196946). Induced by hydrogen peroxide in leaves (PubMed:25546583). Induced by drought and cold stresses (PubMed:23468992)
Induced by very low Mg(2+) via the PhoQ/PhoP two-component regulatory system (PubMed:28512220). Induced by SDS/EDTA (envelope stress), at 45 degrees Celsius, repressed in minimal glucose or glycerol medium and by the thiol oxidant diamide (at protein level) (PubMed:19734316). Expressed in both exponential and stationary phase in rich medium; expression is higher in exponential phase (at protein level) (PubMed:30837344)
Rapid down-regulation and/or degradation after fertilization
In sebocytes, expression is up-regulated by Cutibacterium acnes
By UV irradiation
By geminivirus (TGMV, CaLCuV or BCTV) infection (at the protein level)
By dexamethasone in calvarial osteoblasts
Up-regulated transiently following seed imbibition to decline rapidly as germination proceeds; this induction is delayed at supraoptimal temperature conditions (e.g. 34 degrees Celsius). Accumulates in seed coats of dormant seeds where germination does not occur after imbibition. Increased levels upon abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. Down-regulated by norflurazon (NF), an ABA biosynthesis inhibitor. Induced by stress such as glucose, salt or mannitol treatment. Upon seed imbibition, increased GA levels in the epidermis reduce DELLA proteins (e.g. GAI/RGA2, RGA/RGA1/GRS and RGL2/SCL19) abundance and release, in turn, ATML1 and PDF2 which activate LIP1 expression, thus enhancing germination potential (PubMed:24989044)
Expressed in log phase cells. Induced by treatment with rifampicin and gentamicin as well as by oxidative, nitrosative and nutritional stress. Induced in the lungs of mice infected for 4 weeks. A member of the relFG operon
Expression is regulated by WOR1
Not induced by aluminum
By vancomycin, requires sigE
Induced specifically in response to hyphal growth. Expression is repressed by neutrophils and purpurin. Regulated by RFG1, EFG1, NRG1, TUP1, CYR1, BCR1, and HAP43
By cytokinin in procambium (PubMed:30626969). Induced by the transcription factor MONOPTEROS (MP) in cells relevant for root initiation, and later in vascular tissues and hypophysis (PubMed:20220754)
Expression is induced by partial hepatectomy
Strongly induced under anaerobic conditions. Activated by ResDE, Fnr and ArfM
By flavonoid signal compounds
Induced by jasmonate (MeJA) in roots
By cytokinin in shoots
Increased by chronic hypoxia (PubMed:22082675). Activated by FOXO3 (PubMed:23382383). Negatively regulated by TP53 (PubMed:17998337)
Up-regulated in response to mechanical stretch of skeletal muscle (hypertrophy mechanically-induced)
Expression is positively regulated by H-NS
Not significantly induced by ultraviolet light or by NaCl. A monocistronic operon
Triggered by the transcription factor RLI1 to regulate leaf inclination in response to phosphate (Pi) availability (PubMed:29610209). Repressed by phosphate (Pi) deficiency in lamina joint cells in a RLI1-dependent manner (PubMed:29610209). By brassinolide (BL) (PubMed:27879391)
RNA is abundant in early lag phase, decreases by early mid-log phase and is undetectable by stationary phase (48 hours growth). Protein expression is slower; detectable by 5 hours, accumulating during early mid-exponential phase and then gradually disappearing by 50 hours growth (late stationary phase) (at protein level)
Constitutively expressed at a low level under all conditions tested, including stationary phase and several stresses. 3-fold induced during starvation (PubMed:11929527). Positively controls expression of its own operon (rsbW-sigF)
Accumulates in apical leaders upon wounding in resistant but not in susceptible to white pine weevil (Pissodes strobi) plants
Down-regulated by treatment with atrazine
Expression is repressed by anoxia. Expression is decreased during transition to slow growing or stationary phases
Expression decreases with age
Constitutively expressed; higher levels are found in light-grown cells and lower levels in dark cells unless grown in glucose (at protein level) (PubMed:11027719, PubMed:23119089). Transcript level is regulated by the redox state of the plastoquinone pool; transcript accumulates when electrons flow between PSII and cytochrome b6-f complex (reduction of the electron transport chain) (PubMed:11027719). LexA-like repressor probably represses its expression at least in part (PubMed:16840531). Induced by cold with maximal RNA induction at 15 degrees Celsius and maximal protein induction at 15-20 degrees Celsius (at protein level) (PubMed:23119089). Also expressed as part of the rimO-chrR operon; expression is greater at 20 than 30 degrees Celsius. The rimO-crhR transcript is processed between the 2 genes by RNase E (rne) (PubMed:32209657)
Up-regulated upon retinoic acid, Me2SO and PMA treatment in differentiating myeloid leukemia cells
Induced by auxin, abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene, mannitol and salt stress. Down-regulated by dark
During aerial hyphae formation
Abundant in nitrogen-deficient G0 cells and rapidly decreases its levels upon nitrogen replenishment
Repressed by LytR
The p58 isoform is specifically induced in G2/M phase of the cell cycle
Constitutively expressed during the mycelial, conidial, and perithecial stages of the life cycle (PubMed:8913744)
By salt stress (e.g. NaCl) and cold. Induced by P.tabacina
Up-regulated by oleic acid
Up-regulated during sporulation, under the control of the sigma-E transcription factor (SigE)
Expressed during multiple stages of host plant infection, including the prepenetration, late biotrophy, transition and necrotrophy
Regulated at the translational level in response to various stress such as endoplasmic reticulum stress, amino acid starvation or oxidative stress (PubMed:11106749, PubMed:12667446, PubMed:15277680, PubMed:21159964). In the absence of stress, ribosomes re-initiate translation at an inhibitory open reading frame (uORF) upstream of the ATF4 transcript, which precludes AFT4 translation (PubMed:11106749, PubMed:15277680). In response to stress and subsequent EIF2S1/eIF-2-alpha phosphorylation, ribosomes bypass the inhibitory uORF and re-initiate translation at the AFT4 coding sequence (PubMed:15277680). Expressed in a circadian manner in the midbrain with an increased expression seen during the dark phase (at protein level) (PubMed:21768648, PubMed:22572884). Expressed in a circadian manner also in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the brain, cerebral cortex, kidney and small intestine (PubMed:21768648, PubMed:22572884)
Induced by pathogenic bacterium S.aureus (PubMed:19785996). Repressed by high levels of Mn(2+) (PubMed:19801673, PubMed:19924247)
Regulated by silicon level; the expression being decreased 4-fold by continuous silicon supply for 3 days
By IL4/interleukin-4 in dendritic cells
Found to be up-regulated in duodenal mucosa during acute cholera
The onset of expression occurs at 48 h old stationary cultures and the steady-state levels correlates with the onset of aflatrem biosynthesis at 108 h (PubMed:19801473). Expression is regulated by nsdC (PubMed:26686623)
Induced by insulin. Inhibited by isoproterenol
Up-regulated by the oxygen-responsive transcription factor FNR under anaerobic conditions. Repressed in the presence of nitrate or nitrite via the two-component systems NarXL and NarPQ, respectively
Up-regulated in response to Cu(2+) (PubMed:25243607). Up-regulated in response to phoxim (an organophosphorus insecticide) and carbaryl (a carbamate insecticide) (PubMed:28456303)
Constitutively synthesized
Expressed in late exponential phase (other phases not tested); part of a large cas-CRISPR3 polycistronic operon
Regulated by RFX1/CRT1
By silencing of the transcription factor BTF3
Expression is cell cycle-specific with higher levels in cells arrested in G1/S and G2/M (PubMed:28655764)
Accumulates in roots, in a RAM1-dependent manner, during colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (e.g. Glomus versiforme and G.intraradices); the expression level correlates tightly with AM development
Up-regulated in endothelial cells with the angiogenesis inhibitors endostatin and fumagillin. By endothelial monocyte-activating polypeptide II in endothelial cells
By interferons alpha and beta (PubMed:25683609). Up-regulated by p53/TP53. Dramatically induced by progesterone in MDA-MB-231-derived ABC28 cells and T47D cells. By interferon gamma (PubMed:35777501). Expression is also modulated in response to several viruses and viral antigens (PubMed:36042495)
Up-regulated in shoots upon feeding by insect larvae
Strongly down-regulated in mantle-cell lymphomas. Up-regulated in migrating glioma cells
Induced by drought (PubMed:27915173). Accumulates upon root colonization by Myrmica ants (Myrmica sabuleti and Myrmica scabrinodis) concomitantly with jasmonates induction; this leads to the production of carvacrol, an attractant for the phytophagous-predaceous butterfly Maculinea arion, whose larvae initially feed on Origanum vulgare flowerheads before switching to parasitize Myrmica ant colonies for their main period of growth (PubMed:26156773). Slightly induced by Spodoptera littoralis, an herbivory insect, thus triggering the production of carvacrol, which exhibits insecticide properties (PubMed:30231481)
Up-regulated by interferon (PubMed:22427340). Up-regulated by vascular tissues injury (PubMed:22427340)
Expression is positively regulated by the aspyridones cluster specific transcription regulator apdR (PubMed:17369821)
Induced as part of the humoral response to a bacterial invasion. Transcripts appear within the immunized fat body
In T-cells, following T-cell receptor (TCR) activation. Levels peak 48 hours after TCR and CD-28 costimulation
By MESP2, and acts in a negative feedback loop with MESP2, functioning negatively toward MESP2 to regulate NOTCH signaling in the anterior presomitic mesoderm
Up-regulated by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (PubMed:9039268, PubMed:25030421). Up-regulated in lung after infection with M.tuberculosis (PubMed:18322212). Down-regulated by IFNG (PubMed:9039268). Up-regulated in lung in response to bacterial pneumonia (PubMed:9351627). Up-regulated in macrophages after exposure to L.major (PubMed:25030421). Not up-regulated in spleen in response to bacterial pneumonia (PubMed:9351627). Up-regulated in wounded skin (PubMed:11017147)
By infection with an avirulent isolate of Phytophthora brassicae
Induced by ethylene in ripe fruits
Induced by 3-hydroxybenzoate
Up-regulated by endocannabinoid anandamide/AEA
Induced in early phase of liver regeneration
By activin and retinoic acid
Up-regulated by IFN
Induced upon nitrogen starvation and oxidative stress
By ABA, osmotic stress and salt and heat treatments
Induced by glutathione but not sulfate (at protein level). Induced by methionine and taurine. Positively regulated by YtlI under supply of glutathione as sulfur source
Is the predominant flavodoxin expressed when A.vinelandii is grown on N(2) as nitrogen source. Is also synthesized during growth on nitrate, but in less abundance than AvFld 1
Induced by drought, cold and salt stress
In glycolate-grown cells but not in glucose-grown cells (at protein level)
Repressed when copper levels are low in a CUF1-dependent manner (at protein level)
Up-regulated in the absence of H3.3
By N-alkanes
Up-regulated by elicitor treatment
Induced by extracellular autoinducer AI-1 (Vibrio fischeri autoinducer oxoC6), in an SdiA-dependent fashion. Repressed by glucose. Induced at pH 5.0 in an RpoS-dependent fashion. Very poorly expressed in both rich and nutrient-poor medium due to inefficient translation (at protein level)
During drought, cold and salt stress treatments
The expression is subject to photoinduction
Up-regulated by exposure to IFNG/IFN-gamma. Down-regulated by phorbol myristate acetate/ionomycin treatment
By GlcNAc2, GlcNAc3 and beta-N,N'-diacetylchitobiose (Me-TCB)
Strongly down-regulated upon tetrodotoxin treatment
Expression is induced under conditions of nitrogen starvation
By L-alpha-glycerol 3-phosphate
Up-regulated by hypoxia (4% oxygen) (at protein level)
By far-red light
Induced by dark, abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA), and slightly by jasmonic acid (MeJA) (PubMed:20238146). Triggered by pathogen attack such as Pseudomonas syringae pv. Tomato DC3000 (PubMed:20238146)
Negatively regulated by microRNA 7-3HG (miR7-3HG), which targets the 3' untranslated (3'-UTR) region of AMBRA1 transcripts, leading to a decrease of AMBRA1 mRNA and protein levels, thereby inhibiting autophagy (PubMed:28059583). Strongly up-regulated during egulatory T-cells (Treg) differentiation (PubMed:30513302)
Expression is very low in excess nitrogen (glutamate plus ammonia) and is induced by TnrA during limiting-nitrogen conditions (glutamate). Expression is further induced when allantoin or uric acid are added during limiting-nitrogen conditions
Induced during synaptic long term potentiation
Down-regulated during embryonic stem cell neural differentiation and up-regulated by BMP4
Induced by salicylic acid (SA) or INA, methyl jasmonate, ethylene, wounding and pathogen infection. Accumulated in roots after Aluminum exposure. Up-regulated by GRP3
(Microbial infection) Up-regulated upon SFTS phlebovirus infection (at protein level)
RNA levels are high in late logarithmic phase
Expression in the liver oscillates in an ultradian manner (with a 12 hour period/cycle)
Expression is repressed by CEBPA. Strongly overexpressed in leukemic cells
Strongly induced in hypoxia. Direct transcriptional target of HIF1A
Specifically expressed under iodate-respiring conditions
Expression is reduced in animals with impaired hearing
Directly up-regulated in liver by HNF-4-alpha (HNF4A) binding to the promoter. May also be indirectly regulated by signaling via various orphan nuclear receptors. Strongly up-regulated by a liver X receptor (LXR) agonist. Slightly up-regulated by a pregnane X receptor (PXR) agonist. Strongly repressed by a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-alpha) agonist. Slightly repressed by a farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonist. Shows a diurnal expression pattern with peak levels 12 hours after light onset and lowest levels 0 hours after light onset
Highly expressed
Transcriptionally regulated by CodY
The stronger expression mediated by Pseudomonas syringae tomato during an incompatible interaction (avirulent T1 avrPto strain) than during a compatible one (virulent T1 strain) requires the resistance PTO-R as well as the Pseudomonas resistance and fenthion sensitivity (PRF) gene products. This induction is independent of ethylene (ET), jasmonate (JA) and salicylic acid (SA), and subsequent transcription of PTI5 does not require de novo protein synthesis. Also induced by Xanthomonas oryzae strain PXOA avrXa10, by Pseudomonas fluorescens strain 2-79, by PTO and by cycloheximide. Seems to not be influenced by abiotic stresses (ET, SA, JA and wounding)
Negatively regulated by microRNA-155 (miR-155)
By abscisic acid (ABA) and osmotic stress
Induced by HBR1 in response to hemoglobin and growth signals
By low pH
Up-regulated in acidic and nutritive stress conditions (PubMed:35175508). Detected exclusively in intraphagosomally grown mycobacteria (PubMed:35175508)
Not expressed constitutively
No effect of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) or gibberellin A3 (GA3)
Up-regulated in shoots by cadmium
Protein expression decreases in hearts failure patients (PubMed:16505176) and in response to oxidative stress (PubMed:17142452)
Induced during growth on homogalacturonan (HG)
The genes forming the sterigmatocystin biosynthesis cluster are co-regulated and induced on oatmeal porridge or the fungal isolates were grown either on oatmeal porridge or in YEC medium (0.2% yeast extract, 5.0% corn steep liquor)
Expression is positively regulated by the cluster-specific transcription factor cheR that binds directly to an asymmetric direct repeat present in the promoter
In the absence of chitobiose, expression of chiPQ is silenced by the ChiX small regulatory RNA (sRNA), which sequesters the ribosome binding site of the chiPQ mRNA by an antisense mechanism. In the presence of chitosugars, the chbBCARFG chitobiose operon is induced and acts as an RNA trap to degrade the constitutively expressed ChiX, leading to the translation of chiPQ. Chitobiose and chitotriose also induce chiP mRNA synthesis
The induction by glutamate, gamma-amino butiric acid (GABA), malate, aspartate, acetate, wounding, touch, and cold stress stimuli is abscisic acid (ABA)-independent, but calcium-dependent. Cold-mediated induction is rapid but transient
Ty1-LR1 is a weakly expressed element. Induced under amino acid starvation conditions by GCN4
Expressed in substrate hyphae and very immature aerial hyphae. Expression commences by 24 hours after germination, is maximal at 36 hours and has disappeared by 72 hours; expression is higher in wild-type strain J1501 versus M145 (at protein level). Requires bldD, cprA and ramR for expression, deletion of bldM or bldN increases accumulation of RamC (PubMed:12100547, PubMed:12453210). Probably part of the ramC-ramS-ramA-ramB operon (PubMed:12100547, PubMed:12453210). Transcribed from 23 to about 40 hours after germination, requires ramR for expression (PubMed:22486809)
By cytokinin and ethylene
Induced in response to denitrifying conditions. Activation requires NosR and DnrD regulators
During G1 phase of the cell cycle
The gene for PHO89 is only transcribed under conditions of phosphate limitation
In stationary phase
Repressed by fur in the presence of iron (By similarity). Up-regulated by hydrogen peroxide and to a lesser extent by hypochlorous acid
Expression is sigma H-dependent
By the PPARG agonist rosiglitazone
By increase of sulfur amino acid intake
Up-regulated upon nutrient starvation. Is also highly up-regulated in a DlaT-deficient strain. Part of the bkdABC operon
Up-regulated by tyrosine and acidic pH. Makes part of an operon together with tyrP and nhaC-2
Up-regulated by FGF2 tretament in embryonic telencephalon primary cultures
Expression is repressed both by aeration and by unsaturated fatty acids (PubMed:9055409, PubMed:9675816). Also repressed by heat and ethanol stress (PubMed:14654433). Rapid induction by glucose depends on the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway (PubMed:14654433). Long-term expression requires both carbon and nitrogen sources (PubMed:14654433). The activation of transcription is dependent on RAP1, and the ROX1-TUP1p-SSN6 hypoxic repressor complex is responsible for repression by oxygen (PubMed:10487921). The putative ROX1-binding sequence in the ATF1 promoter is 5'-CCTATTGTTTT-3' and the RAP1-binding sequence is 5'-AACCCAACAAA-3' (PubMed:10487921)
Transcribed at a low constant level in all growth phases. Part of the mraZ-rsmH-ftsL-pbpB operon
The Myb-MuvB complex mediates neuron-specific expression of the carbon dioxide receptor genes Gr63a and Gr21a
Up-regulated after treatment with LPS or in a rat model of adjuvant-induced arthritis (PubMed:10869354, PubMed:11067848). Down-regulated by the anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid dexamethasone (PubMed:10869354)
By infection with an avirulent race of rice blast fungus (M.grisea) and sphingolipid elicitors (PubMed:12237405). Down-regulated by a virulent race of rice blast fungus (M.grisea) (PubMed:12237405). Down-regulated by 24-epi-brassinolide (PubMed:17117160)
Up-regulated in both the abscission zone and surrounding tissues following treatment with propylene and after wounding due to embryoctomy
By IL1B/interleukin-1 beta and TNF
Suppressed by inorganic phosphate
By 3MC. Up-regulated by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and beta-naphthoflavone in pituitary
Part of the fumC-PA4469-sodA operon which is repressed by iron (at protein level)
By growth in D-serine
Up-regulated by antimycin A, low-nitrogen and salt stresses, high light, H(2)O(2), ethylene, paraquat, rotenone, salicylic acid, malonate,erythromycin and cold treatments
Expression is controlled by VirS. Induced at acidic pH and in macrophages
By aliphatic and chlorinated alkenes
Transcription is up-regulated by aromatic compounds including biphenyl, ethylbenzene, benzene, toluene, xylene, cumene, cymene, and chlorinated benzenes. Is under the control of the BphST two-component regulatory system
Repressed by transcription regulator Mce2R
By heat shock in the somites
Induced during the diauxic transition
Down-regulated by dietary stress. Significantly decreased expression between days 0 to 5 in egg whites of eggs laid by corticosterone-fed hens (at protein level). Decreased expression at day 14 in the magnum of the oviduct in the corticosterone-fed laying hens
Expression in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) is dependent on DNMT3L, which mnaintains a low DNA methylation on promoters, allowing its expression
By mitomycin, requires an intact dinR gene (PubMed:1657879). An SOS-independent induction of dinR occurs during competence, does not require an intact dinR gene (PubMed:1657879)
Induced by jasmonate (JA) treatment
Triggered by jasmonic acid (MeJA); this induction is repressed by 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (ethephon), an ethylene precursor, that can by alleviated by 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), a competitive inhibitor of ethylene receptors (PubMed:11299398). Accumulates upon wounding and feeding by the specialist herbivore Manduca sexta; these induction is dramatically amplified by a pretreatment with 1-MCP (PubMed:11299398)
Induced when the bacterium is cultured on xylan or beta-glucan but not on medium containing mannan. Is repressed by glucose
Up-regulated during hypersensitive response, but no expression detected during compatible interaction with pathogens (PubMed:10571865). Specifically induced in the inoculated zone 4 hours post pathogen infection (PubMed:20696912). Up-regulated by jasmonic acid and salicylic acid (PubMed:16463103, PubMed:16730712). Transcriptionally regulated by BZR2 (PubMed:19170933)
Induced by disturbances in intracellular calcium levels caused by the chelators BAPTA-AM and EDTA, the endoplasmic reticulum calcium-ATPase inhibitor thapsigargin and by calcium. Not induced by the endoplasmic reticulum stress-inducing drugs brefeldin A, DTT and tunicamycin, or by heat stress and hydrogen peroxide
Strongly induced during the hypersensitive reaction to TMV or to a fungal elicitor
Only found in ribosomes after the end of exponential growth. In PubMed:12904577 its expression was predicted to be repressed by the zinc-specific metallo-regulatory protein zur; in PubMed:15049826 it was shown that its expression is indeed repressed by zur
Transcriptionally regulated by Gcm (Glial cells missing)
Activity is maximal in late exponential and early stationary phase (at protein level) (PubMed:8022274, PubMed:16080684). Expression increases at pH 6.0 (PubMed:16080684). Under control of rpoS (at protein level). Transcribed at lower levels during anaerobic growth (PubMed:8022274)
Inducibly expressed in T-lymphocytes upon activation of the T-cell receptor (TCR) complex. Induced after co-addition of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and ionomycin
Both during budding and hyphal growth, no detectable levels are observed in G1 cells but, as cells passe through S-phase, begins to accumulate with a peak being reached during mitosis
By progesterone
Up-regulated in islet cells cultured in hyperglycemic concentrations of glucose
Up-regulated early after infection with P.syringae carrying avrRpt2 (PubMed:8742710). Up-regulated by brassinolide, cold treatment, syringolin, P.infestans infection and, at a lower level, by salicylic acid (PubMed:17723251). Down-regulated by 2-aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), high CO(2), isoxaben, and propiconazole treatments (PubMed:17723251)
Maximal levels in quiescence cells and early G(1). Levels decrease after mitogen stimulation as cells progress toward S-phase
Increased by methamphetamine (PubMed:28694771, PubMed:27031958). Up-regulated by cyclosporin A (PubMed:27451286). Induced by energy nd amino acid deprivation (PubMed:20181828)
By FGF signaling (PubMed:9458049). Repressed by microRNA-143-3P, which results in activation of MAPK signaling and promotion of excess accumulation of extracellular matrix. May thereby play a role in myocardial fibrosis (PubMed:30878395)
By wounding, drought and salt stress
Down-regulated in roots after treatment with asparagine
By gibberellic acid (GA3) and submergence
Up-regulated in silica-treated macrophages
By high salt conditions (PubMed:8325504). Induced by drought stress (PubMed:8325504, PubMed:12102506)
Repressed by iron
Induced as part of the humoral response to a bacterial invasion. Transcripts appear within one hour after injection of bacteria into the hemocoel, reach a maximum after 2-6 hours and have almost disappeared after 24 hours. Similar response is seen when flies ingest bacteria present in their food
Accumulates in roots, in a RAM1-dependent manner, during colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (e.g. Gigaspora gigantea, Glomus versiforme and G.intraradices) (PubMed:26511916, PubMed:20687807, PubMed:25841038). Induced in root tips by low phosphate (Pi) levels (PubMed:26476189)
Expression is inceased 10 to 15 fold when the MAPK mpkB is deleted
Expressed in log phase, part of the egtA-egtB-egtC-egtD operon, which does not include egtE (PubMed:26774486)
Constitutively expressed. Slightly induced by GlcNAc, (GlcNAc)2 and chitin. Repressed by DasR
Down-regulated by treatment with H(2)O(2)
Expressed in a circadian manner in the liver, brown adipose tissue (BAT), white adipose tissue (WAT), heart, skeletal muscle and suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the brain. Shows a higher expression during the light phase compared with the dark phase
Down-regulated in skeletal muscle upon acute injury
Transcription is dose dependently increased by the addition of beta-lactam antibiotics, fosfomycin, and bacitracin
By different stresses causing damage to the cell envelope, such as alkaline shock (PubMed:11454200), salt shock (PubMed:11544224), phage infection and certain antibiotics that affect cell wall biosynthesis (PubMed:12207695, PubMed:15870467). Does not respond to oxidative stress caused by diamide (PubMed:21685450). Association with RNAP core increases during most stresses but not during sporulation (at protein level) (PubMed:21710567)
Expression is up-regulated by dexamethasone
By Notch-signaling
Expressed at all stages of pathogenesis (PubMed:22885923, PubMed:26956617, PubMed:31599055). Among the most highly expressed genes in appressoria and biotrophic hyphae in planta (PubMed:26956617)
Up-regulated by AHL16/TEK
Induced in shoots and roots after nitrogen (N-deprivation) and phosphorus (P-deprivation) deprivations (PubMed:19430792). Induced by alkali stress (PubMed:22655071). Up-regulated by salt stress in old leaves (PubMed:23082824)
During meiosis
In liver, up-regulated in mice fed a high-fat diet for 2 days, and down-regulated in obese mice fed a chronic high fat diet. Also down-regulated in liver 4 hours after treatment with LXR agonist GW3965
By shikimate, quinate and QsuR
Expression is up-regulated during the biotrophic phase of infection on host plants
Induced by treatment with iron in roots and shoots (PubMed:22731699). Down-regulated under iron deficiency in roots and shoots (PubMed:22731699). Down-regulated by treatment with zinc in roots and shoots (PubMed:22731699)
Up-regulated by endoplasmic reticulum stress agents that induce the unfolded protein response (UPR)
Up-regulated by lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine 1-phosphate. Up-regulated by globular actin monomers, via MKL1 signaling. Up-regulated in uterus in response to progesterone. Up-regulated in uterus in response to estrogen. Up-regulated in pregnant uterus
Up-regulated by abscisic acid (ABA), glucose and salt
induced in low iron conditions
CsrA binds to the mRNA and reduces its levels. Expressed at low levels at both 28 and 37 degrees Celsius
Highly expressed in biofilms with down-regulation during later stages of biofilm formation. Expression is repressed by TPK1 and SFL1, and induced by TPK2. Also under the control of TOR1. Down-regulated by Riccardin D, a macrocyclic bisbibenzyl isolated from Chinese liverwort D.hirsute which has an inhibitory effect on biofilms and virulence. Induced by caspofungin
By lipopolysaccharide (LPS); in kidney, spleen, and colon. Expression is reduced in the presence of LPS in lung
Up-regulated by IFNG/IFN-gamma and IL2/interleukin-2 or in C2C12 cells
Down-regulated by antioxidants BO-653 and probucol. Down-regulated in response to enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection (at protein level)
Up-regulated upon binding of EIN3 to the promoter during methyl jasmonate-induced leaf senescence
By bacterial infection (at protein level) (PubMed:9736738, PubMed:32038657). Induced by Gram-positive bacteria M.luteus (at protein level) (PubMed:32038657). However, another study found the peptide was present in both immune challenged and unchallenged controls (at protein level) (PubMed:16510152)
Expression is positively regulated by the trichothecene cluster-specific transcription activator TRI10 (PubMed:12732543)
Strong in response to inoculation with fungi
Repressed by the Nus factor complex (NusA, NusB, NusE (rpsJ), NusG and SuhB)
Up-regulated in acute glomerulonephritis. Regulated by JUN/AP-1
Down-regulated in the epididymis upon castration
Repressed in darkness. Induced during cold acclimation (at protein level)
Expressed at low levels at both 28 and 37 degrees Celsius during transition into stationary phase
Up-regulated by bacterial stimuli, including by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in gut epithelial cell lines. This up-regulation may be mediated by Toll-like receptors TLR2 and TLR5. Up-regulated by various pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF, IL1B and IL17F. Up-regulation by IL17A in colon epithelial cells has been observed in some cases (PubMed:21993849), but not in others (PubMed:21993848)
Addition of nutrients and insulin induces its expression (at protein level)
Down-regulated by jasmonate
Expression decreases after heat shock or during growth to stationary phase (PubMed:6761581, PubMed:2651414). Degraded during heat shock treatment (at protein level) (PubMed:7646503). Up-regulated upon carbon upshift and down-regulated upon amino acid limitation in an HSF1-dependent manner (PubMed:10322015)
Not induced by exogenous gibberellin
Induced by growth on ethanol
Constitutively expressed in culture (at protein level) (PubMed:9846755, PubMed:23848406). Up-regulated in infected human pneumonocytes (PubMed:19906174). Zinc increases secreted levels of this protein; 0.5 mM Zn(2+), the physiological concentration in macrophages, induces 6-fold more secreted protein (PubMed:25299337). Part of the esxB-esxA operon (PubMed:9846755)
Up-regulated by fungal elicitor (PubMed:12833529). Up-regulated in both heat- and senescence-induced programmed cell death (PCD) (PubMed:15276441)
Periodically expressed in the cell cycle, with a peak before the onset of budding
By cold, by salicylic acid (SA), by abscisic acid (ABA) and by pathogen B.cinerea attack
Induced during the meiotic cycle
Up-regulated at transcript level by light and sucrose, and transiently by nitrate, but no changes at protein level. Down-regulated by ammonium, amino acids and N-metabolites resulting from nitrate reduction. Induced by sudden N starvation and by growth on low nitrate concentration. Circadian-regulation. Expression increases during the light phase and decreases during the dark phase
By retinoic acid. Likely target of the activated retinoic acid receptor alpha
By H(2)O(2)
Expression decreases in response to ergosterol perturbation or upon entry into stationary phase
Unlike E.coli, constitutively expressed at low and high osmolarity (0.3M NaCl) (at protein level). Expression is under the control of OmpR-EnvZ two-component system; still expressed at very low levels in high osmolarity in the absence of ompR-envZ (at protein elevel)
Positively regulated by PhoP
Induced in presence of Zea mays leaves and by xylan, and repressed by glucose. SNF1 acts as a positive regulator through the release of glucose repression
Induced in mammary gland during lactation
By oxidative stress and hydroxycinnamic acids. Down-regulated by synthetic auxin naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA)
Down-regulated (17-fold) in prion-infected cells
Induced in roots from 1 to 21 day after inoculation with Sinorhizobium meliloti (PubMed:17449807). Induced by Nod factors in root hairs (PubMed:17827349)
Up-regulated by ionizing radiation
Induced by heat and salt stresses
Expression is sigma I-dependent
By virus infection
By white light in dark-grown seedlings
Up-regulated by drought, salt, abscisic acid (ABA) and glucose or 2-deoxy-glucose (2DG). Autoregulated. Positively regulated by the light-signaling component HY5
Activity is induced in skeletal muscle during exercise
Expression is induced during the early biotrophic stage of development (PubMed:31034868). Expression is positively regulated by the ABA cluster-specific transcription regulator abl7 (PubMed:31034868)
Induced in the presence of the herbivory P.xylostella larvae (PubMed:14617060). Accumulates slighty in response to wounding and to several defense responses-inducing compounds including salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (MeJA) and alamethicin (Ala), an antibiotic peptide of fungal origin (PubMed:16165084)
Up-regulated in response to increased HD-ZIPIII activity (PubMed:18055602). Up-regulated by REV (PubMed:22781836)
Induced in the presence of IAA. Expression is probably repressed by IacR and exposure to IAA relieves this repression
Transcription is 18-fold up-regulated by growth on H(2)/bicarbonate compared to pyruvate, RuBisCO activity is induced by growth on H(2), H(2)/bicarbonate, formate, methanol and CO
Negatively regulated by microRNAs miR156 and miR157
Up-regulated by the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFA and in skin upon tissue inflammation
By nitrogen deprivation. Highest expression at the end of the light period
Activated by BauR
Transcribed at a low level in exponential phase, it may be further induced in stationary phase. Part of the mraZ-rsmH-ftsL-pbpB operon
Constitutively expressed at protein and RNA levels
Transcription is repressed by D-glucose and induced by D-xylose and L-arabinose
By nitrogen or tryptophan starvation
Up-regulated in small intestine and liver by high-fat diet
Up-regulated during dark-induced senescence
The two ribH genes may be differentially expressed during the Brucella infection cycle. Brucella would use RibH1 for flavin biosynthesis during the extracellular phase and RibH2 during intracellular growth (By similarity)
By acetate
By nickel ions
Expressed during host infection
Down-regulated with rising temperature (from 25 to 28 degrees Celsius) in both nitrate- and urea-grown cells (at protein level)
In the RTG-2 fibroblastic cell line, isoform 1 is highly induced by polyinosine-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)), a synthetic analog of dsRNA, that binds TLR3. Isoforms 2 and 3 are also up-regulated by poly(I:C), but to a lesser extent. In vivo, all 3 isoforms are induced by poly(I:C) (in anterior kidney leukocytes) and by viral infection, such as that of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) (isoform 1>isoform 3>>isoform 2) and infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV). However, induction kinetics is isoform-specific. Also up-regulated in vivo by a DNA vaccine based on the IHNV glycoprotein
Induced 4.2-fold by hydroxyurea (at protein level)
Up-regulated by IL1A and LTA, in thymus cortical reticular cell lines
Transcription is dependent on PhoP/PhoQ two-component system
By auxin in hypocotyls, root and stems but not in cotyledons and needles. To a greater degree in juvenile than mature shoots
The expression is subject to photoinduction and is transcriptionally co-regulated with the genes of the other carotenoid biosynthetic enzymes
Very low expression levels near the detection limit
Induced by copper
Stimulated in embryos by the transcriptional activator ABI3. Not induced in vegetative tissues by abscisic acid (ABA), osmotic stress or dehydration
Induced by palmitate, acetate and glucose. Repressed by succinate
Up-regulated by cisplatin
In brown adipose tissue, expression is induced by cold
Constitutively expressed during aerobic growth (PubMed:19121005), induced in low oxygen, and maybe by SDS/EDTA (envelope stress) (PubMed:19734316) (at protein level)
By partial hepactectomy and fasting
Follitropin decreased expression while lutropin and prolactin stimulated expression
Up-regulated during myeloid cell differentiation. The highest levels are detected in fully differentiated phagocytes. Up-regulated by IL2
Induced by MYCN (PubMed:28686580). Induced by interferon-beta (PubMed:31413131)
Up-regulated by interferon gamma (at protein level). Up-regulated by theophylline (THP), a reprotoxic agent thought to induce infertility
Induced about five-fold after UV-irradiation
During the M phase of the cell cycle (at protein level)
Highest expression during the exponential phase. Expression is increased about 3-fold by inactivation of isaA. Up-regulated by the presence of NaCl in a IsaA independent manner. Seems to be negatively regulated by SarA. Negatively regulated by the two-component systems LytSR and SaeRS whereas is positively regulated by sigma-B factor, agr and the two-component system YycFG
In the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), behaves like a day-type oscillator, with maximum expression during the light period. Oscillations are maintained under constant darkness and are responsive to changes of the light/dark cycles. There is a 4 hour time delay between PER1 and PER2 oscillations. The expression rhythms appear to originate from retina. In liver, peak levels at CT9. In the SCN, levels increase by light exposure during subjective night. Circadian oscillations also observed in skeletal muscle, bladder, lumbar spinal cord and liver but not in testis
Expression of dapB is up-regulated by ArgP and is repressed by lysine that prevents the binding of the ArgP activator. Thus, ArgP contributes to enhanced transcription of dapB when lysine becomes limiting
Repressed by GLD-1, which associates with the 3'-UTR of the mRNA and prevents its translation
Expression is positively regulated by the zearalenone biosynthesis specific transcription factor ZEB2 (PubMed:16262793). Conditions for carbon-, nitrogen-, or phosphorus-starvations lead to very low expression (PubMed:16262793). Increase in pH results in gradual reduction of the gene expression (PubMed:16262793)
By cytokines and mitogens
Down-regulated in stationary phase
By wounding, jasmonate, salicylate, salt, drought and cold stresses, sucrose, copper, cadmium, mercury, UV-C, fungal elicitor and ozone
Down-regulated in response to mild as well as prolonged energy depletion (PubMed:26442059). Down-regulated by the glycolysis inhibitor 2DG (PubMed:26442059). Up-regulated by glucose, sucrose and mannose (PubMed:26442059)
Is maximally expressed in the late stationary growth phase (at protein and mRNA level). Minimal comP expression levels are detected in the middle of the logarithmic growth phase
Expression is positively regulated by the transcriptional regulator wor1 (PubMed:24521437). Expression is down-regulated during biotrophic growth within tomato leaves (PubMed:27997759). The expression is induced at later stages of infection when conidiophores emerge from the plant and produce conidia (PubMed:24465762)
Up-regulated during the M phase of cell cycle progression. Down-regulated in both replicative and premature senescence of cancer cells
By heparin
By IFNG and LPS
Induced during infection of mouse macrophages (PubMed:20011113). Induced in persister cells in response to D-cycloserine (PubMed:21673191)
By acidic conditions. Expression is regulated by a complex system involving RpoS, cAMP, CRP, EvgAS, H-NS, GadE, GadW and GadX. The level of involvement for each regulator varies depending upon the growth phase and the medium (By similarity)
Strongly repressed during nitrogen excess
By iron deficiency in roots. Down-regulated in chlorotic leaves by iron deficiency
Highly expressed during conidiation (PubMed:29958281). A conserved conidiation regulatory pathway containing BrlA, AbaA and WetA regulates expression. During conidiation BlrA up-regulates AbaA, which in turn controls WetA. Moreover, the Hog1 MAPK regulates fungal conidiation by controlling the conidiation regulatory pathway, and that all three pigmentation genes Pks1, EthD and Mlac1 exercise feedback regulation of conidiation (By similarity)
Low induction by drought stress
Following submergence treatment, transient decreased levels that recovers after re-aeration
Expression is highest at onset of stationary phase in presence of NaCl and glutamate, and at low pH. Chloride-dependent expression is activated by GadR
By glucose, in a dose dependent manner
Down-regulated in hypothyroid conditions and up-regulated by glibenclamide
Repressed by the transcriptional regulator EthR
Increased during chondrogenic differentiation
Positively regulated by phosphorylated DegU
Expression is induced upon voriconazole treatment (PubMed:16622700). Expression is also induced during germination (PubMed:18796135)
Expression is regulated by the AcuK and AcuM transcription factors
Repressed by both deoxycytidine and thymidine
By LPS and Interferon gamma in primary astrocytes and microglia. Induced by Toll-like receptor ligand in dendritic cells. Inhibited by PPAR-alpha agonist such as fenofibrate and produced by TNF-alpha in microglia
Up-regulated by SCF/KITL and GCSF/CSF3
Down-regulated after root-knot nematode infection (PubMed:16236154). Accumulates locally within 72 hours after P.brassicae butterflies oviposition (PubMed:17142483). Induced late in response to bacterial and fungal elicitors (e.g. Pst DC3000 and Ecc culture filtrates), and upon wounding, salicylic acid (SA) and hydrogen peroxide H(2)O(2) treatments (PubMed:19825555). Induced by infestation with spider mites (PubMed:30042779)
Repressed by inositol. Repression is dependent on the presence of CPT1
Contradictory; shown to be induced in phosphate poor media (PubMed:8454193). Does not respond to decreased phosphate (PubMed:18282104)
Regulated by muscle activity. Strongly up-regulated after muscle denervation, including that of gastrocnemius muscle. Maximal expression is observed 10 days after denervation (at protein level)
Down-regulated by DTR via activation of EGFR
Up-regulated upon M2 macrophage polarization in response to IL4, CSF1 or IL10
Small up-regulation in nodules
By the DNA-damaging agents methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), H(2)O(2) and UV. Down-regulated by sucrose starvation and the cell cycle inhibitors aphidicolin, hydroxyurea and colchicine
Up-regulated by extracellular acidosis and down-regulated by alkalosis (at protein level)
Circadian-regulation with peak levels occurring at the end of the light period in flowers
Found in all cell types and all developmental stages (at protein level), the transcript is turned off in swarmer cells and turned on in stalked cells
Expression may be regulated by miR-451
Up-regulated in brain cortex in response to ischemia (at protein level) (PubMed:14713306). Down-regulated in dorsal root ganglion neurons after peripheral nerve injury (at protein level) (PubMed:24472174). Down-regulated in pulmonary artery myocytes in response to chronic moderate hypoxia
Induced under nitrogen starvation conditions, co-regulated by GCN4 and GLN3. Regulated by the MET4-based sulfur regulatory network. Expression is maximum in nonrepressing sulfur conditions and considerably repressed in the presence of organic sulfur. Induced by chromate
Expression is detected as early as 1 hour after infection of reconstituted human esophageal tissue and increases thereafter up to 48 hours postinfection. Expression is also increased when cells are exposed to several types of stress. Expression is decreased by Pseudomonas aeruginosa secretions. Moreover, expression is regulated by NGR1 and BCR1
Maximally expressed in late exponential growth phase. Expression decreases rapidly in the stationary phase. Expressed in both rich and minimal media with glucose as carbon source (at protein level)
Repressed by IscR
Represses its own expression
By salt stress, osmotic stress and metals. Down-regulated by abscisic acid (ABA)
Up-regulated by cold, heat shock, dehydration and salt stresses
Constitutively expressed at a low level, it is not further induced by hypoxia or nitric oxide exposure
Preferentially expressed in the late stationary phase
By anoxia
By pheromones during mating
By heat shock and by intracellular acid stress. Up-regulated by HSFA2 and upon pathogen infection
By 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid (INA) and salicylic acid (possibly an endogenous signal for acquired resistance). Strongly induced by pathogen infection
Under control of LasR (PubMed:11544214). In liquid cultures (aerobic), phz1 operon is induced by quinolone signal via 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone (PQS) (PubMed:23129634). In biofilm (microaerobic), phz1 operon is not induced by PQS, because the biosynthesis of PQS by the monooxygenase PqsH requires molecular oxygen (PubMed:23129634)
Preferentially expressed under nitrogen starvation conditions
By NR4A1/NUR77
Induced by excess iron and further synergistically regulated by lowering the medium pH
Up-regulated upon cardiomyocytes hypertrophy (at protein level)
By submergence in seedlings (PubMed:15944756). By dark-induced senescence in leaves (PubMed:11432928, PubMed:23296688)
Induced by high concentrations of copper, zinc and cadmium
By paraquat and ozone
Constitutively expressed during aerobic growth. Modestly induced by anaerobiosis. Not induced during nitrosative stress
Activated by hedgehog
Higher expression in cell lines established from normal non-tumorigenic tissues compared to cell lines established from highly metastatic invasive carcinomas (at protein level)
Up-regulated by acetate, citrate, antimycin A, cysteine and H(2)O(2)
By growth on N-alkanes or fatty acids
Up-regulated following macrophage activation
Levels are very low in quiescent cells. Up-regulated by mitogens
By PHA/PMA or by serum
Expressed under a diurnal rhythm
Inhibited by GA3, indicating the existence of a probable feedback loop. Inhibited by dihydro gibberellins. Regulated by phytochrome. Induced sharply after red light pulse with a peak at 4 hours, and then decreases rapidly as germination occurs. Increases again when etiolated seedling growth begins. Not regulated by long day exposure or auxin. Up-regulated by cold treatment, paclobutrazol and uniconazole P
Expression is positively regulated by the dothistromin-specific transcription factor aflR (PubMed:23207690). Dothistromin biosynthetic proteins are co-regulated, showing a high level of expression at ealy exponential phase with a subsequent decline in older cultures (PubMed:17683963)
Up-regulated by retinoc acid (RA) in the pre-placodal ectoderm (PPE) during development
Up-regulated in the presence of organophosphate pesticides and zinc
Slighty induced upon pathogen infection (e.g. P.syringae) (PubMed:24914891). Rapidly recruited to chromatin upon methyl jasmonate treatment (MeJA) to mediate transcriptional gene activation (PubMed:27495811)
By xylose. Repressed by glucose
Induced by NaCl upshock
Transcriptionally regulated by Rv1474c
By decoyinine and nutrient depletion
Induced by drought stress (PubMed:18550687, PubMed:22095047, PubMed:23625358). Induced by salt stress (PubMed:22095047). Induced by abscisic acid (ABA) and heat stress (PubMed:23625358)
Expression in the liver oscillates in a circadian manner with highest levels at Zeitgeber time (ZT) 12 hours (at protein level). Expression in the heart, lung, stomach and kidney oscillate in a circadian manner with highest levels at approximately circadian time (CT) 12 hours. Its expression levels peak at circadian time 12 hours (CT12), 8 hours earlier than the peak of PER1/2 and CRY1/2 transcriptional repressors (peak CT20-CT24). Thus, it can repress the CLOCK-BMAL1 activity in a different time window compared to CRY and PER proteins
Part of the rapH-phrH operon, which is transcribed from the SigA-driven rapH promoter (PubMed:21908671). phrH is also transcribed from a putative SigA-driven promoter embedded within the rapH gene sequence (PubMed:21908671)
Expressopm decreases upon treatment with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) which is used to induce Parkinson disease in mouse model
Induced by salt (NaCl) stress (PubMed:24285794, PubMed:24260266). Accumulates in response to osmotic stress (e.g. mannitol) and upon biotic stress, e.g. inoculation with the oomycete P.tabacina (PubMed:24260266). Triggered by auxins indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Repressed by kinetin or abscisic acid (ABA) treatments (PubMed:24285794)
By growth under severe iron limitation
By certain macrolide antibiotics
Up-regulated by heat shock in a heat shock HSF1-dependent manner (PubMed:25355627). Up-regulated by ionizing radiation (PubMed:19238419)
Induced by flagellin, jasmonic acid (JA), brassinosteroid and cytokinin, and repressed by abscisic acid. Insensitive to gibberellic acid
Specifically produced in response to stress: in absence of stress, some upstream open reading frame (uORF) of this transcript is translated, thereby preventing its translation (PubMed:19131336). By IL6 and various endoplasmic stresses such as methyl methanesulfonate (PubMed:12606582, PubMed:12824288, PubMed:8139541)
(Microbial infection) By infection with various viruses such as vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)
Up-regulated during in vitro adipocyte differentiation
Induced by light in dark-grown etiolated seedlings (PubMed:17485859). Circadian oscillation under 12 h light/12 h dark cycle conditions, with peaks in the middle of the light period (PubMed:17485859, PubMed:22984180). Down-regulated by cold and drought stresses (PubMed:22984180)
Expressed in the mesoderm and the neural crest in response to two sequential early inductions (mesodermal and neural)
Induced in response to cold
Expressed exclusively on media containing carbon sources that allow efficient sporulation
Not expressed in the presence of extracellular iron, repressed by fur in the presence of iron
Up-regulated upon cell differentiation
Rapidly and strongly induced in the dark, quickly repressed by light
Up-regulated by stimulation with retinoic acid and down-regulated with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)
Up-regulated in response to hypertonicity
By cocaine, which increases the levels of day-time expression
Upon retinoic acid-induced differentiation of smooth muscle cells in vitro
By growth in minimal medium or low temperature leading to a significant increase in pilA4 transcripts
In cartilage and cultured chondrocytes, induced by interleukin IL1B
Up-regulated in response to denervation-induced skeletal muscle atrophy. Induced by MYOD1
Up-regulated upon treatment with estradiol in MCF-7 cells
Induced in the liver, by peroxisome proliferator or fasting via the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). Diurnal regulation of its expression
Up-regulated by androgen
By gibberellic acid (GA3)
Expression increases from G1 to G2/M phase
Transcriptionally activated by HilA
Up-regulated by wounding, 2,4-D and methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Down-regulated by salt and mannitol
Induced by acaA in the slug tip. Induced by dstA in prestalk cells, but not in prespore cells
By infection with the bacterial pathogen P.syringae
Expressed during candidal infection of mice
Up-regulated by potassium depolarization, calcium ionophore, ATP and forskolin in culture cells (PubMed:7892240). Up-regulated by kainate in the hippocampus and piriform cortex (PubMed:7892240)
Up-regulated upon the induction of differentiation in cultured keratinocytes
Induced at 6 to 7 hours after sporulation
During anaerobic growth. Weakly or not expressed in most strains. It is activated by SlyA, while it is silenced by H-NS. Its expression is also regulated by CRP and FNR
During sporulation. Repressed during vegetative growth by HST1 and RFM1
Induced by dehydration
Requires glycerol 3-phosphate and the GlpP product; repressed by glucose
Induced by nitrate (PubMed:25723764). Down-regulated under nitrate deprivation conditions (PubMed:27419465)
Up-regulated during myelination
Repressed by GolR
Induced by infection with the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae
By abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid. Down-regulated by gibberellin
Up-regulated during the progression of epidermal keratinocyte differentiation (at protein level) (PubMed:27907090). Up-regulated upon calcium-mediated keratinocyte differentiation (PubMed:27907090). Up-regulated by transforming growth factor TGFB1 (PubMed:12408963)
The phoP/phoQ operon is positively autoregulated by both PhoP and PhoQ in a Mg(2+)-dependent manner. Induced by low pH
Expression is induced by ethanol and ethyl acetate and is mediated by the specific transcriptional activator of genes of the acetate utilization pathway facB. Expression is also induced by low concentrations of acetate or propionate and under the controle of the facB transcription activator
Up-regulated by p53/TP53 in response to ionizing radiation and DNA-damaging agents such as adriamycin. Phosphorylation of p53/TP53 at 'Ser-15' is required for effective induction
Down regulated by cold and dark stresses. Up-regulated by low humidity, osmotic stress and abscisic acid treatment. No effet of methyl jasmonate, GA3, salicylic acid, cytokinin or auxin treatments
Expression is controlled by the fumagillin biosynthesis cluster regulator fumR (PubMed:24082142). Expression is also under the control of the developmental and secondary metabolism regulator veA (PubMed:24116213)
Under sporulation control
By hydrogen peroxide and infection with an incompatible race of P.syringae and B.cinerea
Transactivated by the large envelope protein of the hepatitis B virus (HBV)
By potassium starvation
Up-regulated by elicitor
Cellulose is produced at a linear rate with respect to cell growth when O(2) is present
Circadian-regulation. Up-regulated in roots by iron deficiency, carbon monoxide and by treatment with glycine betaine. Down-regulated by zinc, cadmium and cytokinin. Not regulated by copper
In the brain, expressed with a circadian rhythm with high levels at the beginning of day and low levels at night (at protein level)
Induced by the beet severe curly top virus (BSCTV) C4 protein and by BSCTV infection
Repressed by brassinolide (BL) treatment (PubMed:12529536). Induced rapidly and transiently in seedlings hooks, petioles and cotyledons but fades out of hypocotyls after exposure to light (PubMed:32333772)
Induced by BasR
By brassinolide (BL) and dark treatment
By hydrogen peroxide and during DNA replication stress
Down-regulated during mitosis through proteasomal degradation
Up-regulated by hydrogen peroxide, the absence of sucrose and by dark versus light conditions
Part of the CBASS operon consisting of cap4-cdnD-cap2-cap3
Expressed approximately equally in exponential and stationary phases (at protein level)
Has been shown to be up-regulated some twofold by muscular exercise at the mRNA and protein level; this effect has been suggested to be mediated by PPARGC1A (PubMed:22237023). However, up-regulation upon exercise could not be reproduced, at least not at the mRNA level (PubMed:24040023)
In roots, strongly inhibited by 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), abscisic acid (ABA) and benzyladenine (BA) treatment or by potassium starvation
Up-regulated in liver by di-(2-ethylhexyl)phtalate (DEHP)
Strongly and specifically induced by organic peroxides. Repressed by OhrR
Increases by UVC treatment
Up-regulated by cadmium
By flooding
Up-regulated by jasmonate and pathogen infection
Repressed by herbicides such as flufenacet and benfuresate (PubMed:12916765). Up-regulated by wounding, drought and salt (PubMed:18786002). Strongly up-regulated by abscisic acid and drought, and to a lower level, by salt and osmotic stress (PubMed:19619160). Up-regulated by the MYB94 transcription factor (PubMed:25305760)
Induced by RpoS in response to multiple stress conditions, including shifts to acidic pH or high osmolarity as well as starvation or stationary phase. Catabolite repression by glucose (repression relieved by GABA) (PubMed:14731280). Makes part of the gabDTPC operon, which is up-regulated by nitrogen limitation (PubMed:12446648)
Induced by sulfoacetate
Down-regulated by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, PAO1 strain and up-regulated by PA14 strain infection
By hard-surface contact. Ethylene and the host surface wax enhance this induction which is essential for appressorium formation
Induced by cell wall-active agents, such as beta-lactams, glycopeptides, bacitracin, fosfomycin and lysostaphin
By phenobarbital in each tissue with the exception of the kidney
Expressed at the same level under glycolytic or gluconeogenic conditions
Expression correlates with fuminisins production (PubMed:11728154)
Expression is sigma S-dependent. Induced by both osmotic shock and entry into stationary phase
Induced in the presence of glycolate or glyoxylate (PubMed:8606183). Part of the glcDEFGB operon, which is induced by growth on glycolate, under the positive control of GlcC. Also induced by growth on acetate. Expression of the glc operon is strongly dependent on the integration host factor (IHF) and is repressed by the global respiratory regulator ArcA-P (PubMed:9880556)
By high light (PubMed:24151292). Triggered by the carotenoid metabolite beta-cyclocitral (beta-cc) (PubMed:27813110)
Induced by putrescine and nutrient starvation. Repressed by PuuR and low aeration condition. Repressed at the exponential phase and highly induced in early stationary phase
By Listeria infection. Expression is slightly down-regulated by dexamethasone and slightly up-regulated by IL-10. Strongly induced mRNA and protein expression by lipopolysaccharide
Up-regulated by growth on D-altritol or galactitol
At low osmolarity, treB is induced by trehalose-6-phosphate, but it becomes uninducible at high osmolarity due to induction of trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase OstB which is part of the biosynthetic pathway of trehalose synthesis at high osmolarity. Repressed by TreR
By growth hormone
Specifically transcribed in the early exponential growth phase
By cold shock (at protein level) (PubMed:8755892). Expression is sigma W-dependent; induced by alkali stress and by infection with phage SPP1 (PubMed:11454200)
By cytokinin and salt stress
Up-regulated by muramyl-dipeptide and lipopolysaccharide
Induced by exposition to gamma ray
By salt and drought stresses
Up-regulated by sulfate and the transcriptional regulator CysL
Expressed during exponential growth
By IFNG/IFN-gamma
Induced during the response to misfolded or unfolded cytoplasmic proteins; including during thermal stress, sodium arsenite, or acidic pH (at protein level) (PubMed:23592996, PubMed:27002830). Not induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress (PubMed:27002830)
By drought, cold, high salt, wounding and ethylene. Not induced by abscisic acid
Transcriptionally regulated by IscS
Repressed by Mce3R
Up-regulation by glucose of the Cvi-1 allele, but not of the Columbia and Landsberg erecta alleles (PubMed:18410483). May be up-regulated by the transcript elongation factor TFIIS (PubMed:21569772). Up-regulated by cold (PubMed:21803937, PubMed:22829147). Up-regulated by histone monoubiquitination through HUB1 (PubMed:17329563). Down-regulated by the histone demethylases LDL1 and LDL2 (PubMed:25852712)
TWI activity is required for MEF2 expression. SNA activity is needed for maintaining MEF2 expression
By TNF and IL1B/interleukin-1 beta, but not IL4/interleukin-4
Induced by EvgA, probably via YdeO
The complex is induced by either hyperosmotic stress or by low temperature. Osmotic induction is sigma B-dependent
Up-regulated upon exposure to arsenate
Is slightly over-expressed in strain TIMM20092, an azole-resistant strain isolated in Switzerland
Slightly up-regulated during growth on L-threitol relative to growth on glycerol
Expression is highly induced during desiccation (PubMed:28306513)
Markedly increased in an obese-mouse model lacking adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein FABP4
Is up-regulated by L-idonate (15-fold) and by 5-ketogluconate (80-fold). Seems to be catabolite repressed. Is probably under the control of the positive regulator IdnR. Is part of the idnDOTR operon
Expressed during infection of host (PubMed:8760791). Expression is repressed by glucose (PubMed:8300520)
In response to low temperature (By cold-shock)
Expression is up-regulated in the presence of beta-lactams
Part of the abs operon that is induced during growth with 2-aminobenzenesulfonate (ABS) as carbon source
In the absence of AI-2, repressed by LsrR. Induced by AI-2, via release of the LsrR repressor. In the absence of glucose, induced by cAMP-CRP by direct binding to the upstream region of the lsr promoter
Induced by gibberellin, abscisic acid (ABA), auxin, brassinosteroid, heat shock, salt stress and osmotic stress
Up-regulated after wounding to the integument. Levels are higher with septic wounding, using either Gram-negative or Gram-positive bacteria
By abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellic acid (GA)
Expression is controlled by the fumagillin biosynthesis cluster regulator fumR (PubMed:24082142). Expression is also under the control of the developmental and secondary metabolism regulator veA (PubMed:24116213). Expression is significantly up-regulated during infection (PubMed:30251593)
By nutritional conditions (PubMed:22326266, PubMed:18086666). Expression of isoform 3 is switched to the expression of isoform 2 during fasting (PubMed:22326266)
Expression levels are not affected by fasting
In white adipose tissue, cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, and testis, expression levels are down-regulated under well-fed conditions and are up-regulated during fasting
In white adipose tissue, cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, and testis, expression levels are up-regulated under well-fed conditions and are down-regulated during fasting
Under heat shock conditions, strongly down-regulated in L2 stage larvae with levels remaining low during the L3 and pupal stages. In second instar larvae, down-regulated 1 hr after starvation and then appears to return to normal expression levels 4 hr after nutritional starvation
The nrgAB operon is activated by TnrA under nitrogen-limited conditions
RamA represses its own expression
Up-regulated after TNFSF11 stimulation. Expression also induced by other cytokines such as TNF and IL1B. No significant inhibitory effect on the NF-kappa-B pathway is observed. Expression is increased in both denervation- and fasting-induced muscle atrophy
By DNA damage, as part of the SOS response, repressed by LexA (PubMed:3297925). Induced 8-fold by hydroxyurea (at protein level) (PubMed:20005847)
Expressed only in the forespore compartment of sporulating cells. Disappears after 45 minutes of spore germination. Expression is sigma G-dependent
Transcriptionally regulated by RamA and RamB
By injury to the body wall of the larva. Expression peaks at 10 hours post-injury and is maintained at this level for at least 3 days
Up-regulated by Gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the Gram-positive bacterial lipoteichoic acid (LTA) in mammary epithelial cells and to a lesser extent by prolactin/PRL
Triggered by nitrogen depletion
Ty1-PL is a highly expressed element. Induced under amino acid starvation conditions by GCN4
Induced by caspofungin. Expression is also regulated by SPF1
Induced or repressed by TGF-beta in a cell-specific fashion. Repressed by dioxin, retinoic acid, and TPA
The onset of expression correlates with the onset of aflatrem biosynthesis in stationary cultures (PubMed:15528556, PubMed:19801473). Expression is induced by the developmental and secondary metabolism regulator veA (PubMed:16988822)
Induced by 1 mM reactive nitrogen intermediate sodium nitroprusside dihydrate (at protein level). Induced by exposure to 50 uM FeCl(3). A possible member of the dormancy regulon. Induced in response to reduced oxygen tension (hypoxia), repressed by carbon monoxide (CO). It is hoped that this regulon will give insight into the latent, or dormant phase of infection
Transcriptionally up-regulated by both L-arabinose and D-xylose via the pentose-specific regulator XacR
Induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and TNFA
No expression of this mRNA was seen in leaves
May be controlled by sialic acid availability and a growth-phase-dependent mechanism
The phoP/phoQ operon is positively autoregulated by both PhoP and PhoQ in a Mg(2+)-dependent manner. Repressed by RcsB via sigma factor RpoS
By heat shock and light. This heat shock protein is induced by light only after a prolonged dark period or vice versa
Induced by progesterone; initially expressed in the uterus luminal epithelium spreading to the glandular epithelium 48 hours after treatment, increases expression at the plasma membrane (PubMed:18400107). Induced by estradiol in the cytoplasm of endometrial tissue; expression is induced 48 hours after initiation of estradiol treatment (PubMed:18400107)
By growth-stimulating agents
Expression is temperature-dependent. Expression is maximal between 30-37 degrees Celsius. Not expressed at 18 degrees Celsius
By methamphetamine in brain, via dopamine receptor activation (at protein level)
Expression of the SNF1 gene itself is not glucose repressible (PubMed:6366513)
Induced in malignant astrocytes following the loss of p53. Induced in hepatocytes following partial hepatectomy
Down-regulated by sucrose treatment
By methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (By similarity). Up-regulated upon induced differentiation and in heat stress
Up-regulated in dexamethasone-treated cells before the expression of albumin
By infection with the fungal pathogen Ascochyta pisi
Slightly induced by hydroxyurea
Expression in embryos and imaginal disks is induced by activation of the Wnt signaling pathway
Protein level is maximal in exponential growth phase and declines during late log and stationary phase
By propionate, but not acetate or glucose. Expression of prpBCDE operon is regulated by PrpR, CRP and a variety of sugars such as arabinose, galactose, glucose mannose and xylose
Induced by HAP43
Up-regulated by IL12 in T-lymphocytes. Up-regulated in subcutaneous adipose tissue of obese individuals
By salicylic acid. Transient induction by drought. Up-regulated by itself
Down-regulated in endothelial cells derived from cirrhotic liver
Positively regulated by EcpR
By temperature stresses
In roots by cadmium and lead
Induced, under aerobic conditions, by at least three different types of molecules, the sugars fucose and rhamnose, the diol ethylene glycol and the amino acid glutamate
By anaerobic stress and by glucose. Positively regulated by the NF-Y/HAP transcription factor complex at least composed of NFYB9/LEC1 or NFYB6/L1L and NFYC2/HAP5B in association with DPBF2/BZIP67. Positively regulated by LEC2
Induced upon entry into stationary phase, this is controlled at least in part by the RpoS sigma factor
Induced in the presence of D-galactarate, D-glucarate or D-glycerate
Down-regulated in response to enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection (at protein level)
Expression is about 10-fold higher during anaerobic than during aerobic growth (PubMed:10601216). Contains two transcriptional start sites, which are both functional. Both start sites are NarL repressible in the presence of nitrate and activited by RpoS. Fis is required only for transcriptional initiation from the upstream start site. Fnr can regulate expression from the downstream transcriptional start site only in the physical absence of the upstream region (PubMed:10601216). However, under all experimental conditions tested, only the upstream start site is active and acts as a silencer of downstream transcription (PubMed:10601216). Translation of the mRNA starting at the upstream site, but not the one starting atthe downstream site, requires RNase III (PubMed:10601216)
Expression controlled by the xylanolytic transcriptional activator xlnR
By ethylene, a major product of degradation of oceanic dissolved organic carbon by photochemical reactions initiated by sunlight
Down-regulated by high levels of riboflavin
By drought stress and abscisic acid (ABA)
Induced by phosphate
By 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)
Part of the rocDEF operon. Expression is sigma L dependent, induced by arginine, ornithine, ctirulline or proline. Ammonium and glutamine strongly repress induction of the rocD by proline, and only glutamine represses weakly induction by arginine
Up-regulated by the insecticide diazinon
Expression is under control of the CSY1 amino-acid sensor (PubMed:28028545). Expression is also regulated by HAP43, GCN2, GCN4 and SSN6 (PubMed:16215176, PubMed:15814841, PubMed:21592964). Induced during biofilm development (PubMed:22265407)
Down-regulated by TGFB1
Up-regulated by SPCH-SCRM module
In the absence of glucose and oxygen
Up-regulated within 6 hours after pathogen infection, ethylene or jasmonate treatments. Not induced by wounding
Circadian-regulation. Induction by light
By acid stress
Highly induced in the absence of glutamate. Induction is further increased when both glutamate and lysine are missing
Highly expressed under low-iron conditions and down-regulated under high-iron conditions (PubMed:26929401). Expression is regulated by hapX under low-iron conditions (PubMed:26929401)
By pheromones during mating, through the regulation by the STE12 transcription factor. Also induced in respiratory-deficient cells
Target of TAS1 (trans-acting siRNA precursor 1)-derived small interfering RNAs in response to temperature variations. Up-regulated by cold (at 4 degrees Celsius) (PubMed:20622450). Highly up-regulated in seedlings exposed to heat shock (PubMed:24728648)
In response to ascorbic acid induction, expression is activated by NFE2L1 in osteoblasts
By trehalose
Induced under phosphate limiting conditions
By alpha factor
Induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure, where expression increases significantly at 3 and 6 hours post-exposure, and gradually decreases to control levels by 12 hours post-exposure. Also induced during the nucleus insertion operation used in pearl culturing, which involves the implantation of a round pearl bead and a piece of mantle tissue from a donor oyster. Expression is highest at 2 days post-insertion and gradually decreases to control levels at 5 days post-insertion, maintaining that level until the end of the experiment at 20 days
Transcription is induced inside host cells and is dependent on the SsrA/SsrB and PhoP/PhoQ two-component systems
Induced by heat stress
Induced by psicoselysine. Makes part of the frl operon with FrlA, FrlB, FrlD and FrlR
Highly expressed during infection structure appressorium formation
Repressed by parathyroid hormone-related protein PTHLH/PTHRP
Up-regulated by blast fungus, UV, mechanical wounding, salicylic acid and abscisic acid, but not by methyl jasmonate
By cold-shock, osmotic-shock and during the transition to stationary phase. Expression is partially dependent on RpoS
Positively regulated by cell integrity signaling through MPK1 in response to cell wall perturbation. Induced by heat stress
Induced in persister cells in response to D-cycloserine
Expressed as a probable monocistronic transcript in mid-log phase (PubMed:3448465). Expressed more highly than the gvpA2 (c-vac) transcript at mid-log phase (PubMed:3185512). Maximally transcribed in late log phase (PubMed:1956294). In 'wild-type' cells (probably NRC-1/NRL) gas vesicles are seen at all stages of growth; in standing cultures, cells float. In this study gvpA2 (c-vac) was not detectably transcribed, while gvpA1 (p-vac) was transcribed at high levels during log growth and decreased in stationary phase. Presumably most to all gas vesicles are derived from this p-vac locus. If the p-vac locus is deleted gas vesicles appear during early stationary phase, but fewer vesicles are detected (PubMed:2586485). Gas vesicles appear earlier when grown in static culture, possibly due to O(2)-limitation (PubMed:33711860)
During retinoic acid-mediated differentiation
Expression and the subsequent production of PR-toxin take place under static culture conditions (oxygen limited), whereas no expression of the PR-toxin genes occurs under the strongly aerated conditions required for optimal penicillin production (PubMed:24239699). There is a negative control of the transcription of the PR-toxin genes by the penicillin biosynthesis gene product(s), or by a regulatory peptide encoded by a small ORF inside the penicillin gene cluster (PubMed:24239699)
Serum-induced levels in fibroblasts show circadian oscillations. Maximum levels after 1 hour stimulation, minimum levels after 12 hours. Another peak is then observed after 20 hours. Protein levels show maximum levels at 6 hours, decrease to reach minimum levels at 20 hours, and increase again to reach a second peak after 26 hours. Levels then decrease slightly and then increase to maximum levels at 32 hours. Levels of phosphorylated form increase between 3 hours and 12 hours
In response to heat shock and osmotic stress
By methyl methanesulfonate (MMS)
By glutathione
Induced at the onset of meiosis I and reaches a maximum level during pachytene (at protein level)
By pyrimidine starvation
Up-regulated in response to bacterial infection with S.typhimurium (PubMed:29123523). Highly expressed in macrophages when infected with S.typhimurium (PubMed:29123523)
During epidermal differentiation: expression is activated by p63/TP63
By ets transcription factors including ets1
A member of the dormancy regulon. Moderately expressed under aerobic conditions, it is strongly induced in response to reduced oxygen tension (hypoxia) and low levels of nitric oxide (NO)
Expression is down-regulated by insulin
Induced by copper, and by cadmium during the early stages of plant development. Gradual decrease of cadmium induction as plants continue to grow, and by 15 day after germination, total loss of induction
Expressed at the late exponential growth. Is cotranscribed with lukE
Up-regulated postnatally and in response to neuronal differentiation
Up-regulated by EGF (at protein level)
2.5-fold increase in plasma level of ghrelin upon fasting
Accumulates in response to Sinorhizobium meliloti inoculation leading to nodulation
By 2,4-dichlorophenoxypropionic acid (2,4-DCPP)
By chemostress caused by the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxypropionic acid and its metabolites
Induced late during sporulation by the sporulation-specific sigma factor sigma-K and negatively regulated by GerE
Expressed during multiple stages of host plant infection, including prepenetration, early biotrophy, late biotrophy, transition and necrotrophy
Estradiol and IL8/interleukin-8 decrease enzymatic activity in vitro in endometrial stromal cells by 40% and 30%, respectively
By hypoxia, directly activated by HIF1A. Expression is regulated by PRMT7
By alkanes
By a subset of cytokines including interleukins 2, 3 and 6, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and erythropoietin (EPO)
By mitogens and by stress
By beta-naphthoflavone and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)
Cotranscribed with incD, incF and incG within 2 hours after internalization
Expressed at the onset of the exponential phase (after 4, 8 and 12 hours of culture) but not at later time points
Up-regulated by cold treatment
Targeted by the COP9 signalosome to proteasome-dependent degradation
Its transcription is positively regulated by Vfr, the virulence factor regulator, in a cAMP-dependent manner (PubMed:24279383). Constitutes an operon together with PA2782 (PubMed:24279383, PubMed:25488299). Is expressed only during biofilm growth (PubMed:25488299)
By IFNG/IFN-gamma, IFNB1/IFN-beta, LPS and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (PubMed:18025219). Up-regulated upon infection by T.gondii or L.monocytogenes (PubMed:18025219)
Induced by secretin
By external ammonia
Induced in damaged or stressed epidermis and by interferon-gamma. Up-regulated by LEF1
Up-regulated by long-term potentiation (PubMed:9645480). Up-regulated by kainate in an NMDA-type glutamate receptor-dependent manner (PubMed:9645480)
Up-regulated in roots by nitrate. No effect in shoots. Induced by sudden N starvation and by low nitrate concentration
By light (at the protein level). Down-regulated by dark (at the protein level). Down-regulated by DCMU, an exogenous photosynthesis inhibitor
By mitomycin C and UV irradiation which requires RecA; probably a member of the yhaONM operon
Induced by amino acid and purine starvation in a GCN4 dependent manner
Low constitutive expression; the srpABC operon is further induced up to 17-fold by organic solvents (e.g. toluene and aliphatic solvents and alcohols) but not by antibiotics, heavy metals, pH, temperature, high NaCl or 60 mM acetic acid
Expression is regulated by the purR regulon. Down-regulated by adenine and up-regulated by guanosine
Expression shows a diurnal pattern of oscillation across the 24-hour light-dark, with increased levels during the light period (at protein level)
Constitutively expressed in retina
By heat shock, arsenic, azetidine-2-carboxylate, cadmium, copper, ethanol and hydrogen peroxide
Induced by abscisic acid (ABA), drought, light and wounding in leaves. Down-regulated by drought and ABA in roots
Up-regulated in mice fed a high fat diet, implicating a role in diet-induced obesity (at protein level)
Induced by excess of copper (at protein level)
By phenol
Strongly induced in kidney allograft during rejection
Up-regulated from 4 hours after E.coli bacteria injection and higher expression level is reached at 16 hours
By wounding, jasmonate and drought stress
Expression is induced in during osmotic stress and repressed in the absence of the mitogen-activated protein kinase sakA (PubMed:27706915). Expression is also highly induced at low and high caspofungin concentrations (PubMed:27706915)
Repressed by Fur in the presence of iron
By quinic acid and the positive regulator qa-1f
Abundance in leaves follows a light-dependent rhythm with an oscillating expression pattern peaking early in the light period (PubMed:21398647, PubMed:23331502). Inhibited by water stress and abscisic acid (ABA) in a concentration-dependent manner (PubMed:21398647, PubMed:23331502). Enhanced by ABA biosynthesis inhibitors nordihydroguaiaretic acid and tungstate under water stress (PubMed:21398647). Slightly affected by high salinity and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) treatments (PubMed:23331502). Accumulates upon infection by the bacterial blight agent X.oryzae pv. Oryzae (Xoo) strain PXO99 (PubMed:27185545). Repressed by cadmium (Cd) (PubMed:28969789)
Expressed in a circadian manner in the liver
Induced upon nitrogen starvation. Also induced by non-fermentable carbon sources such as glycerol, acetate and ethanol in a pap1-independent manner
Expression is induce on medium
Up-regulated in colon cancer cell lines. Up-regulated in fetal Down syndrome (DS) brain (at protein level). May be the target of the transcriptional activator NFE2L2
By ethylene, ozone, sulfur dioxide, Fe exposure, oxidative and heat-shock stresses, and by excess light treatment. Induced by cadmium (PubMed:16502469)
By ethoxyquin, oltipraz, butylated hydroxyanisole, and phenobarbitol
Induced by mitochondrial stress
Up-regulated in response to 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and juvenile hormone analog. Also up-regulated in response to the transcription factors BRC-Z2 and POUM2
In roots by the parasitic nematodes Heterodera schachtii and Meloidogyne incognita
Oscillates diurnally. Rhythmic levels are critical for the generation of circadian rhythms in central as well as peripheral clocks. Targeted degradation of PER and CRY proteins enables the reactivation of CLOCK-BMAL1, thus initiating a new circadian transcriptional cycle with an intrinsic period of 24 hours
May be up-regulated by SOX9 and SRY
In the absence of chitobiose, expression of chiPQ is silenced by the MicM small regulatory RNA (sRNA), which sequesters the ribosome binding site of the chiPQ mRNA by an antisense mechanism. In the presence of chitosugars, the chbBCARFG chitobiose operon is induced and acts as an RNA trap to degrade the constitutively expressed MicM, leading to the translation of chiPQ
In response to lymphokine or bacterial products
By chitin oligosaccharide elicitor and UV irradiation
Induced by phosphate deprivation (PubMed:22039214, PubMed:26503135). Induced by Rhizobium lipo-chitooligosaccharide elicitors (PubMed:26503135)
Positively regulated by cell integrity signaling through MPK1 in response to cell wall perturbation (PubMed:10594829, PubMed:11016834). Induction is dependent on transcription factor RLM1 (PubMed:10594829, PubMed:11016834). Expression is also up-regulated 7-fold upon exposure to polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) (PubMed:27246500)
Accumulates at the end of the night, but fades out during the day
Inhibited by thiol reagents and heavy metal ions
Induced by salt and cold stresses (PubMed:18813954, PubMed:19135985). Induced by drought stress (PubMed:19135985)
Expression depends on the two-component regulatory system MtrA/MtrB
Up-regulated by doxorubicin
Induced by wounding in roots and leaves sheaths
Expression is not affected following staurosporine (STS) treatment. Down-regulated 6 hours following beta-carotene treatment, remains down-regulated 24 hours following beta-carotene treatment
Activated by sorbitol and repressed by glucose
Expression is detected as early as 1 hour after infection of reconstituted human esophageal tissue and increases thereafter up to 48 hours postinfection
Induced by abscisic acid (ABA), transiently by ethylene, salicylic acid and water fload, but down-regulated by dehydration stress. Accumulates during cold acclimation. Accumulation during silique development is AGL15-dependent
By infection with the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, and treatment with fumonisin B1, a mycotoxin inducing apoptosis-like programmed cell death (PCD)
Maximally expressed at stationary phase
By mitogen stimulation in splenocytes, and by hypoxic-ischemic injury in the striatum and hippocampus
Activated by D-glucosaminate and inhibited by D-glucose
Rapidly induced in roots during development of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) upon colonization by AM fungus (e.g. Glomeromycota intraradices) (PubMed:19220794). Also observed in root nodules that arise from symbiotic associations with nitrogen-fixing Rhizobia bacteria (e.g. Mesorhizobium loti) (PubMed:19220794)
Activated by cAMP receptor protein (CRP), integration host factor (IHF) and by phenylacetyl-coenzyme A (PA-CoA) that prevents PaaX from binding its target sequences. Inhibited by PaaX
Up-regulated by abscisic acid (ABA) and low-fluence red light, but not by low-fluence blue light
Induced in nodules 7 days after rhizobial inoculation
Constitutively expressed on glucose medium and on ethanol
Expression shows cellular growth phase dependency, with the maximal expression at the diauxic shift. Expression is rapidly decreased when cells approach stationary phase (PubMed:9258332). By UV light (PubMed:12521307, PubMed:9258332). Expressed maximally (3.2-fold) at 4 hours after exposure to 240 J/m(2) of UV light (PubMed:9258332)
In p53/TP53-dependent manner in response to low levels of DNA damage. Not induced when DNA damage is severe
In zinc-depleted conditions and has increased expression in NAP1 deletion mutants
Expression is down-regulated as differentiation proceeds in stem cells
For induction, the TonB and the ExbB proteins have to be active. Induced by hydroxyurea (PubMed:20005847)
Specifically induced by a broad range of inhibitors of cell wall biosynthesis, including antibiotics that inhibit the synthesis of peptidoglycan (ampicillin), arabinogalactam (ethambutol), mycolic acids (isoniazid, ethionamide) and fatty acids (5-chloropyrazinamide). Down-regulated by the nucleoid-associated protein Lsr2
By interferon-gamma in macrophages
Expression is up-regulated during biofilm formation and down-regulated by RIM101, CYR1, RAS1, as well as by host macrophages
Expression is induced under gibberellin-producing conditions (PubMed:9917370). Expression is repressed by high amounts of nitrogen but is not affected by the presence of biosynthetically advanced GAs (PubMed:11943776)
Not induced by pathogens, cycloheximide and ozone treatment
By glucose
Induced by GlcNAc
Up-regulated when cells are growing in an adherent manner and upon milbemycins A3 oxim derivative (A3Ox) treatment. Expression is also regulated by CYR1, RIM101 and SSN6
Up-regulated by mibolerone (a synthetic androgen) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and is down-regulated by estrogen and progestin
Constitutely expressed
Down-regulated in response to cold exposure
By hyperosmolar salt stress and heat shock
Repressed by GbsR
By activin and TGF-beta1 (immediate early response gene)
Overexpressed in leiomyomas compared to myometrium
Induced by antibiotics (teicoplanin, ceftizoxime, imipenem, bacitracin, D-cycloserine and vancomycin)
No change in response to zinc deprivation
Expression is GerE and sigma K-dependent
Up-regulated by the antiterminator protein GlcT
Induced during biofilm formation
Up-regulated by methyl jasmonate (PubMed:17088293). Induced by N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD) in a nitric oxide (NO) dependent manner thus leading to increased ginsenosides accumulation (PubMed:23467002). Induced by A.niger mycelium-derived elicitor, thus improving ginsenosides production in adventitious roots culture (PubMed:27746309). Triggered by vanadate (Ref.10). Induced by Tween 80 (PubMed:24889095). Accumulates under heavy metal stress in the presence of CuCl(2) and CdCl(2) (PubMed:23232757). Influenced in roots and leaves by relative humidity and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and in leaves by rain (PubMed:30577538)
By mitogens and phorbol ester
By the herbicide glyphosate and wounding
Highly expressed during infection
Constitutively expressed in all growth phases, part of the MSMEG_1276-phd-doc-MSMEG_1279 operon
By wounding and fungal elicitor
Up-regulated after infection with M.tuberculosis
Produced during both methanol and methylamine growth. The expression of the azurin iso-1 gene is affected by copper ions
Protein level and kinase activity are reduced during nitrogen starvation
By proline, autorepression and catabolite repression, and is potentially nitrogen controlled
Expression is positively regulated by the ochratoxin cluster transcription factor otaR1, probably via its binding to the conserved 5'-ACGT-3' bZIP binding motifs found in multiple copies (3 to 4) in the promoters of the OTA biosynthetic genes (PubMed:35143724). Expression is induced by sucrose, glucose and arabinose which repress the gal4 transcription factor, a negative regulator of the ochratoxin gene cluster (PubMed:36006213)
Expressed during growth on DBT or DMSO as sole sulfur source; this protein accumulates to lower levels than DszA or DszC (at protein level) (PubMed:8932295). Part of the probable dszA-dszB-dszC operon (Probable). Desulfurization is repressed by sulfate, cysteine and methionine (PubMed:7574582, PubMed:8932295)
Expression is regulated through the cell cycle with an accumulation in S phase
In roots by iron starvation
By chemically-induced ER stress response
Probably part of the tubR-tubZ operon
Phycocyanin-1 is expressed at similar levels in green and red light (constitutive phycocyanin) (Ref.1). Constitutively transcribed in vegetative cells, not expressed during hormogonia differentiation in red light (PubMed:12324595)
Is only expressed during growth in the absence of sulfate or cysteine
Induced by uracil
By alkaline conditions
Induced by phosphate starvation, via PhoB (PubMed:1987150). Also induced by carbon starvation, via the cAMP receptor protein (CRP) (PubMed:1987150)
In strain ECOR 9 expression is greater at 37 than 27 degrees Celsius and increases upon entry into stationary phase (at protein level). Upon expression from a plasmid in strain AB1157 (with its own leader sequence) more protein is seen at 37 than 27 degrees Celsius (at protein level)
Expression is sigma Y-dependent. Induced upon nitrogen starvation
Induced by Gram-negative bacteria S.marcescens and B.thuringiensis infection
Part of the probable mms6 operon
By myo-inositol
Moderately expressed during the development but expression is induceded in the mycelium stage
By UV light, alkylating agents and heat shock
By zinc in roots and benoxacor
By brassinolide and dark treatment
Down-regulated by sucrose starvation
By nickel and cobalt
Subject to CRP-mediated catabolite repression. Repressed in the absence of oxygen, induced in the stationary phase and approximately 2-fold by citrate and C4-dicarboxylates
More prevalent in stationary than exponential phase (at protein level) (PubMed:21725001, PubMed:20176794). Single gene transcripts are substantially decreased in a sigB mutant, induced in mouse gut (PubMed:20176794). Induced as cells approach stationary phase and by growth at pH 5.5, at 45 degrees Celsius, in 7.5% NaCl and by oxidative stress (at protein level) (PubMed:20176794, PubMed:21725001)
By DL-DAP (at protein level)
In macrophages, expression is induced after treatment with IFNG or a combination of IFNG and Salmonella Tiphimurium
Transcriptionally activated in the presence of wounded plant tissue and by plant phenolic compounds, such as acetosyringone
Up-regulated in hepatocytes by oxidative stress caused by liver damage
Down-regulated during differentiation of cultured colon adenocarcinoma cells
By phosphate and nitrogen starvation, and in stationary phase, via the alarmone ppGpp
Repressed by arginine, via the ArgR repressor
Repressed by miR393a (microRNA) in response to flg-22 (flagellin-derived peptide 22)
Induced by TNF, IL1A/interleukin-1 alpha and IFNG/IFN-gamma
Negatively regulated by H-NS. Positively autoregulated. Also positively regulated by IHF
Down-regulated in sciatic nerve of mice with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (at protein level)
Down-regulated by high phosphate diet
Up-regulated by reactive oxygen species/ROS generated, for instance, upon chronic TOR signaling activation
Down-regulated by silicon supply in roots and leaf blades
Down-regulated during anaerobic growth
Up-regulated in brain tissue from patients with Huntington disease
By sulfate starvation in leaves
Constitutively expressed. Up-regulated under low pH conditions
Expression is higher in white cells
Up-regulated in response to all forms of DNA damage. LexA-regulated
Closely coexpressed with replication factor A (RF-A), the cohesion complex and the DNA polymerases alpha, delta and epsilon
Upon glucose starvation, as well as treatment with tunicamycin
By oleic acid
Circadian-regulation. Peak of expression toward the end of the dark period in both long day and short day photoperiods
By auxin and brassinolide
By phorbol myristate acetate in T-lymphocytes. This induction is not inhibited by cyclosporine
Expression is positively regulated by the pgm cluster-specific transcription factor pgmR
Expression is regulated by the metabolic and meiotic transcriptional regulator UME6
Activated by wounding, heavy metal, methyl salicylate, osmotic and salt stresses (PubMed:11090221, PubMed:17098468). Up-regulated by aluminum stress (PubMed:22163277)
Induced by high salt concentrations
By thyroid hormone, efaroxan and glibenclamide
Up-regulated by fatty acids
Mildy induced (5-fold) when grown in a non-replicating state
By infection with Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis isolate Emco5
Up-regulated in T-cells following TCR engagement
Levels in the cerebrospinal fluid are increased in obese mice
Transcribed from at least five promoters located in the yjbC regulatory region or in the yjbC-spx intergenic region (PubMed:17158660, PubMed:29271514). Induced by heat, salt, ethanol and disulfide stress and also by phosphate limitation (PubMed:11544224, PubMed:14597697, PubMed:24417481). Induced by cell wall stress but not by membrane stress (PubMed:29271514). Transcribed under partial control of SigM ECF sigma factor (PubMed:17434969, PubMed:29271514). Repressed by YodB and PerR. YodB protects a region that includes the P3 -10 and -35 regions, while PerR binds to a region downstream of the P3 transcriptional start site (PubMed:17158660)
Expressed during syntrophic growth with butyrate (at protein level) (PubMed:19648244, PubMed:23468890). Seems to be constitutively expressed (PubMed:23468890)
By retinoic acid in combination with fgf. By lmx1b in combination with lhx1/lim1
Isoform 1 is up-regulated at the recovery phase of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response and isoform 2 is up-regulated early during the ER stress response and gradually decreased at later phase of ER stress (PubMed:16461360). Isoform 1 and isoform 2 are down-regulated by laminar flow but up-regulated by disturbed flow in umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro (at protein level) (PubMed:19416856). Down-regulated by the B-cell-specific transcription factor PAX5 (PubMed:8627152). Up-regulated by interleukin IL-6 in myeloma cells (PubMed:10375612). Up-regulated during plasma-cell differentiation, either through the CD40 receptor signaling pathway or mitogens such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (PubMed:11460154). Isoform 1 and isoform 2 are down-regulated by laminar flow but up-regulated by disturbed flow in umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro (PubMed:25190803). Isoform 2 is up-regulated early during the ER stress response in a ATF6-dependent manner (PubMed:11779464, PubMed:17110785, PubMed:16461360). Isoform 2 is up-regulated by endostatin in a ERN1-dependent manner (PubMed:23184933). Isoform 2 is transiently up-regulated by the mitogenic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in endothelial cells (PubMed:23529610)
Induced in vitro in colon adenocarcinoma cells by interleukin-1, or in vivo in kidney and heart by lipopolysaccharide. Also induced by LH stimulation in granulosa cells of preovulatory follicles
Up-regulated during NEUROD2-induced neurogenesis
Highly induced by carnitine via the CdhR transcriptional regulator. Not induced by glycine betaine or pyruvate
In males, up-regulated in regenerating muscle tissue after injury
Up-regulated by manganese and zinc deficiency or by excess NaCl. Down-regulated by iron
Under autotrophic growth conditions
Transcriptionally regulated by PccR. Expression is dependent on the carbon source supplied: transcript levels from acetate- and propionate-grown cells increase 6- and 10-fold, respectively, when compared with succinate-grown cells
Down-regulated by phosphate deprivation (PubMed:16679424). Systemically regulated by microRNA399 (miR399) (PubMed:16679424, PubMed:18390805)
By SigK and GerE
By vitamin D3 and a mixture of inflammatory cytokines: TNF, IL1/interleukin-1 and IFNG/IFN-gamma
Expression is strongly reduced by benomyl (PubMed:25217721)
Not induced by wounding (PubMed:18267087). Slightly induced by wounding (PubMed:24430866)
Transcribed in a circadian rhythm with maximal expression at 12 hours and minimal expression 12 hours later; expressed as a kaiB-kaiC opperon (PubMed:9727980). Down-regulated by KaiC (PubMed:9727980, PubMed:14709675)
By octopine
Up-regulated by cAMP and follicle-stimulating hormone
Circadian-regulation with a peak of expression at or before dawn. Not regulated by biotic and abiotic stresses, by light and nutrient conditions or upon treatment with elicitors, chemicals, abscisic acid or phytohormones
Transcriptionally regulated by the KdpD/KdpE two-component regulatory system
Up-regulated in AED1 mutants
Repressed by bFGF; in embryonic stem cells
Induced by cell wall active antibiotics oxacillin, D-cycloserine or bacitracin
Forms part of an operon with disA
Hedgehog signaling is required for expression in embryonic lens
Transcribed from 80 minutes in synchronized cells
By cold stress, high light and chloramphenicol
Expression is regulated by light and circadian rhythms. Under circadian regulation, expression is influenced by the clock pacemaker genes period, timeless, Clock and cycle
Induced by abscisic acid, heat shock, salt stress and drought stress
Down-regulated by p53/TP53 in apoptotic cells
By low temperature, dehydration, abscisic acid (ABA), cytokinins (BA and zeatin), nitrate and high salinity. Induced by trans-zeatin (PubMed:27274065)
By the absence of external thiamine
Expression is induced during host infection
By the androgen dihydrotestosterone (DHT)
Expression is up-regulated by exogenously added D-2-hydroxyglutarate or D-malate
Under the control of phosphate. It is derepressed by phosphate starvation
Up-regulated by methyl jasmonate
Up-regulated by phorbol esters and EGF
Down-regulated by phorbol esters
Induced by heat
Subject to complex regulation at multiple levels (transcription, translation, regulation of activity and degradation). In the absence of heat shock, or after heat shock, activity is inhibited by transient association with DnaK and DnaJ, which reduces the amounts of free active RpoH, makes it unstable and mediates its degradation by the FtsH protease. During heat shock, the intracellular concentration of RpoH increases, due to slightly increased transcription, increased synthesis and stabilization of the protein. Induction occurs mainly at the post-transcriptional level, via translational thermoregulation: at low temperature, the structure of the rpoH mRNA blocks its translation, while at high temperature, melting of the mRNA secondary structure facilitates ribosome binding and synthesis of the RpoH protein. In addition, during heat shock, stabilization of RpoH is triggered by the titration of free DnaK/DnaJ by stress-induced misfolded proteins. Can also be induced by other stress conditions, including during the first round of cell division
By glucan elicitor, and to a lesser extent by yeast extract, P.megasperma elicitor, UV light and dilution
Up-regulated by pioglitazone and down-regulated by TNF in HUVEC
Reduced by methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) treatment
Up-regulated by brassinolide and heat treatment. Down-regulated by 2-aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), high CO(2), isoxaben, and propiconazole treatments
Expressed constitutively at a low level. Induced by cyclohexane oxide and (+/-)trans-1,2-dihydroxycyclohexane
Induced by heat shock and cold (PubMed:11402207). Induced by high light treatment and oxidative stress (PubMed:19704521). Up-regulated by viral infection (PubMed:15805473). Induced by infection with the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae (PubMed:18065690). Induced by abscisic acid (ABA), salt stress, osmotic shock, brassinosteroid, cytokinin and auxin (PubMed:28004282)
Over-expressed in azole-resistant clinical isolates
Strongly induced by cadmium, copper and mercury
Detected after 6 and 96 hours growth, there is no change in protein levels (at protein level)
Transcriptionally regulated by SHH
Down-regulated in cells with DM1 (Myotonic dystrophy type 1) mutation, via a mechanism that involves abnormal control of its mRNA stability by CUGBP1
By dehydration
Up-regulated by senescence
By infection with Phytophthora infestans
Expression is positively regulated by the fusarielin biosynthesis cluster-specific transcription factor FSL7, probably via its binding at the 5'-CGGNNNCCG-3' motif present in the promoter of all the cluster genes
Cell cycle-regulated. The nuclear isoform is present in very low amounts in G1 phase cells, but increases as cells progress through S phase, with a peak in late S/G2. The mitochondrial isoform follows a similar, but less pronounced induction pattern. The nuclear isoform is prone to APC/C-dependent degradation in G1, whereas the mitochondrial isoform is not (By similarity)
May be processed or degraded in a VPEgamma-dependent manner in vacuoles
Transcription of ptsI appears to be regulated in response to sugars supplied, i.e. is four-fold lower when cells were grown on lactose than when grown on glucose
No change in expression levels after treatment with high concentrations of copper
Activated by MYC and possibly E2F1
Positively regulated by agr (accessory gene regulator)
By dioxin
Regulated by the PhoP/PhoQ two-component regulatory system
By salt stress, in stems and leaves (at protein level). Follow a circadian regulation with higher levels in the light
Constitutively expressed during growth, increases slightly in stationary phase (at protein level)
Down-regulated by dehydration and salt stress
During compatible interaction with the endoparasitic nematode M.incognita
Down-regulated in the heart by clofibrate, a PPAR-alpha agonist
In response to cytotoxic stress but not genotoxic stress
Expressed in both exponential and stationary phases
Expression on xylan is very high, whereas elevated expression levels are also detected on galactose and xylose
Part of the ataA-tpgA operon
Constitutive expression
By pheromone. Expression is controlled by the STE12 transcription factor that binds to pheromone-response cis-elements (PREs) in the promoter of target genes
Expression is regulated by KRIT1 (PubMed:20668652). Transiently up-regulated during adipogenesis (at protein level) (PubMed:18388859)
6-fold up-regulation by phosphate deficiency
Expression is up-regulated by clotrimazole (PubMed:26512119). Expression is also up-regulated during biofilm formation (PubMed:27780306)
Basal expression regulated by ATR/RAD3. Can be induced by another pathway when dNTPs levels are low
Expressed during meiosis. Expression is under the control of the meiosis-specific transcription factor mei4
Expression oscillates in a diurnal and melatonin-dependent fashion in the preoptic area (POA) region in the hypothalamus, with maximal expression attained during the dark phase of the light/dark cycle
By muristerone
Target of TAS1 (trans-acting siRNA precursor 1)-derived small interfering RNAs in response to temperature variations. Up-regulated by cold (at 4 degrees Celsius), but rapid drop of expression after a temperature shift to room temperature (at 22 degrees Celsius) (PubMed:20622450). Highly up-regulated in seedlings exposed to heat shock (PubMed:24728648)
By heat and oxidative stresses
By histidine or arginine limitation
By nitrogen starvation. Induction requires HetR. Transcription positively regulated by NtcA
Expression is repressed by DasR in the absence of GlcN6P
Down-regulated in some breast cancer subtypes and breast cancer cell lines
By desiccation (leaves) and by abscisic acid (ABA) (leaves and callus)
LRAT activity is up-regulated by dietary vitamin A. Under conditions of vitamin A depletion, LRAT expression in the liver is induced by retinoic acid
Induced by both ethylene and methyl jasmonate treatments, or after pathogen attack
Down-regulated by microRNA 408 (miR408) via AGO1 and AGO2 in response to low copper availability
Induced in damaged or stressed epidermis. Induced by the cytokines interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha), and by the potent NF-kappa B inhibitor compounds Bay 11-7082 and Bay 11-7085. Down-regulated by the drug Imatinib
By heat shock and infection by avirulent and virulent bacterial pathogens (P.syringae)
Down-regulated by dark-induced senescence. Circadian-regulation with a strong expression during the transition from dark to light
Expression is up-regulated on exposure to fosfomycin
Enhanced by dehydration stress
The last gene in the probable 17 gene mamAB operon
Expression is maximal during the early to mid-log stage of growth and decreases after. Does not respond to heat shock up to 43 degrees Celsius. Part of the lemA-htpX operon
Expression is repressed by glucose and by HAP43
Up-regulated by endothelial cells when exposed to tumor conditional media
Negatively autoregulated (PubMed:328165, PubMed:6377308, PubMed:3279415). Autoregulation is either greatly reduced or nonexistent immediately after the addition of L-arabinose (PubMed:6377308). Transcription is stimulated by CRP in the presence of cAMP (PubMed:328165, PubMed:6377308)
Expression regulated by iron through the urbs1 transcription factor (PubMed:17138696)
Repressed by AbrB during growth and activated at the onset of sporulation in a Spo0A-dependent manner
The ttgVW operon is induced by toluene and styrene, but not by the antibiotics carbenicillin, chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, tetracycline or gentamicin
Transcriptionally regulated by MmpR5 (PubMed:24737322). Repressed by iron and IdeR (PubMed:12065475)
By osmotic stress, H(2)O(2), drought stress, and metals. Regulated by abscisic acid (ABA); down-regulated by 1 mM ABA (PubMed:14617062), whereas induced by 60 uM ABA (PubMed:16998070)
Repressed by tunicamycin, an inhibitor of N-glycosylation
Induced in the presence of choline, betaine, glycine betaine or dimethylglycine (PubMed:2116592, PubMed:19103776, PubMed:20869215). Induction is mediated by the transcriptional regulator GbdR (PubMed:19103776, PubMed:20869215). The nitrogen regulatory protein NtrC is necessary for full pchP expression (PubMed:20869215). Expression is also partially dependent on the sigma-54 factor (PubMed:20869215). Induced via GbdR in bovine lung surfactant and mouse BALF (PubMed:19103776)
Induced upon ER stress
Up-regulated by salt treatment and hypoxia
Weakly expressed in exponential phase, more induced upon entry into stationary phase. 3-fold induced by streptomycin and pH 4.5, 4-fold by ethanol. Slightly induced during entry into hypoxia, by cAMP, in macrophage infection and 5-fold induced by NO. Repressed by WhiB4
By lipopolysaccharides (LPS)
By apoptosis
By serum in low-passage fibroblasts
Repressed by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in promyelocytic HL-60 cells
Repressed in roots by salt stress
By transcription factor MAC1 upon copper deprivation
Not induced by elicitor treatment
By concanavalin-A in peripheral blood leukocytes
Temporarily up-regulated under high salt conditions
Induced by salt stress, osmotic shock and abscisic acid (ABA)
Expression in skin and hair follicle is regulated by HOXC13 and by GATA3
Expression is regulated by the AZF1 transcription factor
Induced during the hypersensitive response to X.campestris pv campestris and by the bacterial pathogen P.syringae pv. tomato
By cold, drought and salt stresses, bacterial elicitor flg22, and bacterial and oomycete pathogens
Up-regulated by pathogen infection, elicitor treatment and flg22, a 22-amino acid sequence of the conserved N-terminal part of flagellin
By methyl jasmonate, and wounding by the aphid M.persicae, and the lepidopteran herbivores P.rapae (white cabbage butterfly) and P.xylostella (diamondback moth)
By irradiation, elicitor, infection or wounding
Circadian-regulation. The transcript level rises progressively from dawn and decreases during the night
Expression is up-regulated at the early stages of infection
Isoform 2: Activated by MEF2C. Isoform 3: Activated by Nkx2-5
Expression is up-regulated by salicylic acid, abscisic acid and methyl jasmonate
Regulated by hrpB, which controls the type III secretion system
Down-regulated by light and upon germination. Not induced by abscisic acid or osmotic stress
Expression is regulated by YofA
By the root-colonizing endophytic fungus P.indica
Induced by cytosolic DNA. Induced by inflammatory stimuli in a cell-specific fashion. Up-regulated by IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma in B-cells and by LPS and viral and bacterial DNA (via Toll-like receptor signaling) in dendritic cells and macrophages
By BRM, at the chromatin level, and conferring a very specific spatial expression pattern
Constitutive expression with no clear cell-cycle regulation
Circadian-regulation with peak levels occurring around 1 hour after dawn. Up-regulated by APRR1/TOC1 and transiently by light treatment. Down-regulated by APRR5, APRR7 and APRR9
Up-regulated during neuronal polarization (PubMed:17439943)
Under conditions of low aeration, in stationary phase (at protein level)
Constitutive expression is further enhanced by treatment with TNF in peripheral blood B-cells and monocytes, while it is decreased in dendritic cells
By glucose deprivation in neuroblastoma cells
In late stationary phase
Strongly expressed in planta but weakly expressed in axenic culture (PubMed:17308187)
Induced by S.japonicum egg-mediated liver fibrosis at the site of egg granulomas; expression peakes at 12 weeks post infection with expression decreasing thereafter
Expression is repressed by HAP4 and BCR1
Up-regulated by GATA21/GNC and GATA22/CGA1. Induced by light or sucrose
Repressed by bromocriptine, a dopamine agonist
Up-regulated by methylated Ada itself in response to the exposure to alkylating agents
In magnesium-deficient conditions
By glucan and P.megasperma elicitors
Accumulates rapidly and transiently in leaves after inoculation with Xanthomonas campestris (PubMed:9426222). Slightly repressed by wounding (PubMed:19420714)
By acetone (PubMed:21183637). Transcriptionally activated by MimR (PubMed:21856847)
By inflammatory stimulus in liver. The level of this protein increases during acute phase, then decreases again
By copper, salicylic acid (SA), nitric oxide (NO) and infection with P.syringae pv. tomato
Highly expressied on medium lacking a nitrogen, carbon or sulfur source
Repressed by hydroxyurea
Circadian-regulation with peak levels occurring in the afternoon in flowers
In the fibroblastic RTG-2 cell line, induced by polyinosine-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)), a synthetic analog of dsRNA, that binds TLR3
Expression is repressed by the presence of casamino acids
By amino acid starvation, by glucose starvation and by chloramphenicol; induction is independent of ppGpp. Autorepressed by RelB, RelE acts as a corepressor (PubMed:9767574, PubMed:19747491, PubMed:18501926, PubMed:22981948). Member of the relBEF operon (PubMed:2990907). Operon induced by ectopic expression of toxins HicA, HipA, MazF, MqsR and itself, but not by YafQ (PubMed:23432955)
Not induced by nitrate or by growth on low nitrate concentration. Down-regulated by imbibition
During hyperosmotic stress and thermal stress
Expression is correlated with the production of patulin (PubMed:25120234). Expression is positively regulated by the secondary metabolism regulator laeA (PubMed:27528575, PubMed:30100914). Expression is strongly decreased with increased sucrose concentrations. This decrease is lost in the presence of malic acid (PubMed:30100914). Expression is increased with pH changes from 2.5 to 3.5 in the presence of a limiting concentration of sucrose, 50 mM (PubMed:30100914). Natural phenols present in apple fruits such as chlorogenic acid or the flavonoid epicatechin modulate patulin biosynthesis. They increase expression in the absence of sucrose, have little impact in the presence of 15 mM sucrose, and decrease expression in 175 mM sucrose (PubMed:30100914). Expression is positively regulated by the patulin cluster-specific transcription factor patL (PubMed:25625822). Finally, expression is also positively regulated by the velvet family proteins transcription regulators veA, velB, velC, but not vosA (PubMed:30680886)
Accumulates after heat shock
Expression is up-regulated during the early plant infection stages
A possible member of the dormancy regulon. Induced in response to reduced oxygen tension (hypoxia), it is not induced by nitric oxide exposure
By anthranilate but not by benzoate or salicylate. Expression is positively regulated by the transcriptional regulator AndR
Expression is increased after induction of MEL cells to differentiation by DMSO
By long-chain fatty acids. Expression of fadL is under the control of the FadR repressor
Transiantly in leaves by sucrose, but not by abscisic acid (ABA)
Peak of expression in summer
By cocaine in the lateral septum. Up-regulated in the failing heart
Cell cycle-dependent regulation. Up-regulated during the G2/M phase
Induced by low temperature stress or foliar application of the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA)
Repressed upon infection with the P.syringae virulent DC3000 strain, in a flg22- and avrPtoB-dependent manner (at protein level)
Post-transcriptionally regulated by the GlmY/GlmZ sRNA regulatory cascade. The sRNA GlmZ, together with Hfq, directly activates glmS mRNA translation through base-pairing. A second sRNA, GlmY, positively regulates glmS indirectly, by sequestering the adapter protein RapZ and protecting GlmZ from RNA cleavage
Induced by hypochlorous acid. Positively regulated by the ferric uptake regulator (fur), in a Fe(2+) dependent manner. Negatively regulated by PerR
Expression is induced in presence of cycloheximide, 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide, and 1,10-phenanthroline (PubMed:12589826). Expression is up-regulated during biofilm formation (PubMed:25784162). Expression is also increased in high-iron conditions (PubMed:15387822). Expression is decreased after combined treatment with fluconazole and osthole (PubMed:28607012)
Up-regulated in the developing brain by shh signaling
Expression starts to rise in the S-phase and peaks in the M-phase with a non-negligible basic expression level also in the other cell cycle phases
By nitrogen deficiency. Transcription increases 3-6 hours after nitrogen reduction, peaks at 12 hours and declines slowly after. Under control of both nctA and hetF
By abscisic acid (ABA), salt, and osmotic stress (at protein level)
By t/xbra. By gata4 and gata6. Repressed by zbtb33/kaiso
By viral infection
Up-regulated by glucose and by insulin (PubMed:22387028). Up-regulated after memory training in radial arm maze experiments (PubMed:11573004). Up-regulated after sciatic nerve injury (PubMed:28111162). Up-regulated during adult neuronal stem cell differentiation (PubMed:26305964)
In response to nutrient limitation. Repressed by high glucose concentrations
By estrogen in vagina, cervix, uterus and kidney
Expression is moderately up-regulated 2 days after intracranial injury and increases at 4 and 7 days post-injury
Up-regulated upon terminal differentiation of primary keratinocytes
Up-regulated in response to interferon alpha (IFN-alpha) stimulation (at protein level)
By stress and DNA-damaging agents
By dopamine
Expression is RSF1 and RSF2 dependent
Without light exposure, high levels at ZT6 and low levels at ZT18 and ZT22. Light exposure increases levels in the SCN in phase dependent manner. Levels increased significantly during the subjective night (ZT10-20). In the piriform cortex, levels increased by light at ZT14
Up-regulated by mechanical wounding, and methyl jasmonate or coronatine treatments
Up-regulated by sulfate deprivation, but not by other environmental stresses
By the bacterial pathogen P.syringae pv. tomato
Induced by the interleukin IL1B (PubMed:10377395, PubMed:10760517). Induced By p53/TP53 (PubMed:9305847)
Expression is induced at 9-18 hours post-infiltration (hpi)
Induced by srfA, during development. Down-regulated in grlA null-cells at 16 hours of starvation
Specifically accumulates during the early phase of sexual development (PubMed:24587098)
Is expressed at all temperatures, but accumulation of transcripts decline with raising temperature. Thus, its expression is repressed by heat shock
Up-regulated upon coincubation of the fungus with the terrestrial bacteria Streptomyces iranensis, Bacillus subtilis or Pseudomonas putida
Repressed during adulthood by normal aging
Up-regulated in gastric cancer
Is expressed in both exponential and stationary phases of growth. Appears to be part of an operon together with PA2874 and PA2875
Expressed from a tri-cistronic operon that encodes AssT, DsbI and DsbL
By oligogalacturonide fragments released by fungal infection. Detected after 5 hours of incubation with the pectic fragments and reaches a maximum after 10-12 hours
By monocrotaline
Strongly induced by the exposure to arsenic which causes glutathione depletion
Expression is under control of the plcR regulon
Up-regulated in CD8+ T-cells upon activation
Weakly expressed during exponential growth with a marked and transient increase at the onset of the stationary phase (PubMed:18067544). Protein expression is very low during the first 3.5 hours after inoculation (at protein level) (PubMed:22950019). Induced by alkaline shock (PubMed:18067544)
Repressed by sucrose starvation (PubMed:11470540). Induced by gamma irradiation (PubMed:25124817)
Induced during cell wall regeneration and upon milbemycins A3 oxim derivative (A3Ox) treatment. Expression is also regulated by SSN6
Up-regulated in macrophages in response to cholesterol accumulation. Up-regulated by cAMP
Weakly expressed in maxicells, part of the metY operon that extends to pnp (PubMed:2849753)
By IL1/interleukin-1 and TNF
Inhibited by 10 uM UDP
Overexpressed in prostate cancer, suggesting that it may play a role in initiation and progression of prostate cancer, processes in which lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) plays key roles
Up-regulated by pathogens during an incompatible interaction, but not upon infection by a virulent pathogen. Up-regulated by salicylic acid, abscisic acid, ethylene and methyl jasmonate
By methanol or methylamine
Antisense RNA inhibition of the mppB gene induces gene expression of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins (mppA and cxdA) and surprisingly also of the mppB gene itself. These results suggest that antisense RNA inhibition of mppB induces gene expression of mitochondrial proteins, presumably in a retrograde signaling manner. Up-regulated by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, PAO1 strain and PA14 strain infection
Down-regulated by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, PAO1 strain and PA14 strain infection and by growth on bacteria
In pancreas, expression exhibits a circadian rhythm in the presence of light/dark cycles
Constitutively expressed. Is under catabolite repression
Regulated by MYB1
Induced in roots and leaves during drought and salt stresses, and upon abscisic acid (ABA) treatment (PubMed:30729606). Up-regulated in the stem epidermis during active wax synthesis (PubMed:16299169)
Under the control of the Staphylococcus aureus exotoxin expression (Sae) two component gene regulatory system
Up-regulated in response to bacterial infection by S.typhimurium or M.marinum
Expression of the proteinaceous toxin is probably controlled by an antisense sRNA, in this case RdlC. Only a few of these TA systems have been mechanistically characterized; the mechanisms used to control expression of the toxin gene are not necessarily the same (Probable)
Accumulates during seed germination, at the beginning of rapid greening
Up-regulated by LPS
After 24 hours of starvation, up-regulated in the brainstem and down-regulated in the cortex and striatum (PubMed:27981419). Following 8 weeks of high-fat diet, down-regulated in brainstem and hypothalamus (PubMed:27981419)
Expression is coactivated by retroviral integration in BXH-2 murine myeloid leukemias
Transcriptionally activated by VirB and MxiE, in association with IpgC, upon invasion of the eukaryotic cell. Induced at 37 degrees Celsius
Constitutively expressed; independent of nitrate and nitrate levels
Down-regulated by cold stress
Expression is positively regulated by the cluster-specific transcription factor pynR
Not induced by salicylic acid
A member of the dormancy regulon. Induced in response to reduced oxygen tension (hypoxia) (at protein level) and low levels of nitric oxide (NO)
Slightly induced by salicylic acid
Expression is persistently induced 60 min after the addition of the ABA precursor mevalonic acid (MVA) to the medium
Repressed by miR166 in the shoot apicam meristem (SAM) region of devoloping embryo
By FGF-4 and activin
By P.syringae and salicylic acid (SA)
By hydrogen peroxide (PubMed:16183833). Induced by light. Down-regulated by salt stress and treatment with mannitol (Ref.5)
Expression is induced by fluconazole and in azole-resistant strains (PubMed:15273122, PubMed:15820985). Expression is induced during biofilm formation (PubMed:15075282). Expression is up-regulated when ERG6, CYP51/ERG11 or ERG24 are deleted (PubMed:15473366)
Up-regulated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)
Induced by neurite outgrowth in neuroblastoma cell lines Neuro-2a
Induced methyl jasmonate (MeJA) in adventitious roots (PubMed:25642758). Induced by A.niger mycelium-derived elicitor, thus improving ginsenosides production in adventitious roots culture (PubMed:27746309)
Regulated in parallel with CLCNKA under furosemide treatment. A significant decrease occurred after furosemide treatment in inner medulla (0.5 fold), whereas cortical and outer medulla levels remained unaffected. Regulation with CLCNKA in inner medulla is limited to the thin limb; levels in collecting ducts were not affected by furosemide treatment. During furosemide treatment selective down-regulation with CLCNKA in thin limb plays a role in maintaining salt and water homeostasis
Regulated by the AKT1/LEF1 pathway in breast cancer cell lines
Constitutively expressed during exponential growth. Encoded in an operon with ydiR and ydiS
In response to low temperature (at protein level) (PubMed:2404279, PubMed:8898389)
May be down-regulated in diabetic patients
By heat shock, UVB, wounding, abscisic acid, H(2)O(2) and salicylic acid
By the siderophore, pyoverdine, and under iron starvation conditions
Transcriptionally activated by EspR (PubMed:18685700, PubMed:22389481, PubMed:25536998). Repressed by the MprB/MprA two-component system, by direct regulation and via EspR (PubMed:23104803, PubMed:25536998). Up-regulated by the PhoP/PhoR two-component system, via EspR (PubMed:16573683, PubMed:25536998)
Conflicting data is available; found to be a member of the pezAT operon (upon ectopic expression in E.coli); in S.pneumoniae strain 0100993 is found in a monocistronic operon
Transcriptionally repressed by CCAAT complex in response to low iron supply conditions
Repressed by farnesol
By cold. Follows a circadian rhythm; accumulates mostly at the dark phase transition
Induced by arabinose and arabina,n and repressed by glucose
Transcription is repressed by D-glucose and induced by L-arabinose and L-arabitol
During sporulation and at high pH
Up-regulated in denerved muscles cells. Down-regulated in soleus muscle in an electrical activity-dependent manner
More highly expressed in early growth phase, expression decreases as cell density decreases. Part of the vapB1-vapC1 operon
By the Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola effector HopW1-1 (PubMed:18266921, PubMed:16531493). By salicylic acid (PubMed:21934146, PubMed:23749844)
Transiently repressed by ethylene
Slightly induced by DL-DAP
Up-regulated upon cytokine activation
By FOXO4; expression in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) is mediated by FOXO4
Expressed in exponential-phase cells
Up-regulated by glycerol 3-phosphate
Highly expressed both in culture with rice cell walls (RCWs) as a carbon source and in infected rice leaves
Not induced by heat or cold treatments, H(2)O(2), dehydration, high salt, abscisic acid, 2,4-D, ACC, methyl jasmonate or salicylic acid
Up-regulated in proliferating tissues
Constitutively expressed, with higher levels at stationary phase
A member of the dormancy regulon. Induced in response to reduced oxygen tension (hypoxia), low levels of nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO). It is hoped that this regulon will give insight into the latent, or dormant phase of infection. Induced in C57BL/6 mouse lungs 3 weeks after low dose aerosol infection with H37Rv bacteria
Up-regulated in the somata of the procerebral neurons after associative conditioning with paired presentation of a carrot juice odor and an aversive quinidine taste
Induced by Gram-positive bacterium M.nematophilum CBX102 infection but not by Gram-negative bacterium P.aeruginosa PAO1 infection
By interferon tau and phorbol ester
Down-regulated by fasting
Expression is up-regulated in the exponential phase of growth, followed by a significant and gradual reduction in the stationary/sporulation phase. Is not up-regulated during ethanol stress
By oxygen at the level of transcription through heme (PubMed:2546055). Expression drops rapidly when the oxygen concentration falls below 0.5 uM O(2) (PubMed:9169434)
Induced at low levels by wounding (PubMed:28760569). Induced by methyl jasmonate (MeJA), infection by the fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea and infestation with the caterpillar Mamestra brassicae (PubMed:28559313)
Slightly induced by abscisic acid (ABA) and accumulates during senescence
Induced by salicylic acid (SA) in roots, stems and leaves (PubMed:21973266). Induced by jasmonate in roots (PubMed:21973266). Induced by ethylene in roots and leaves (PubMed:21973266). Induced by salt stress, osmotic shock, cold stress and abscisic acid (ABA) (PubMed:24407603)
Repressed in darkness. Levels decrease in leaves during aging (at protein level). Slightly and transiently repressed by high light stress (at protein level)
By growth factors such as TGF-beta, PDGF, IGF1
Expression is induced in presence of citrus root extracts or during the interaction with the susceptible host
Stimulated by intracellular signaling factors
Induced in lung epithelial cells upon bacterial and fungal infection. Up-regulated in lung epithelial cells by IL17F; this might account for a persistent activation via a positive feedback loop
Repressed upon infection with the P.syringae avirulent DC3000 strain containing avrRpm1 (at protein level)
Transiently induced by red (R) light, far-red (FR) light and abrasion in dark-grown seedlings. Not induced by FR light in phytochrome A (phyA) mutant
Expression is controlled by the monacolin K cluster transcription regulator mokH (PubMed:19968298)
Expression is up-regulated during infection of tomato roots
Under anaerobic conditions
Both mRNA and protein accumulate at 0.15% and 0.03% CO(2), but not at 15% or 2% CO(2) (at protein level)
Induced by abscisic acid (ABA) (PubMed:20576316, PubMed:18315698, PubMed:21546455, PubMed:22301130). Induced by auxin (PubMed:21546455, PubMed:22301130). Induced by gibberellin (PubMed:21546455). Induced by salt and drought stresses (PubMed:20576316, PubMed:21546455, PubMed:22301130). Induced by cold stress (PubMed:20576316). Induced by oxidative stress (PubMed:20576316, PubMed:22301130)
By irradiation (PubMed:14706351, PubMed:19104912). This induction is dependent on hus-1 (PubMed:14706351)
Strongly induced (17 to 25-fold) by nitrosative stress, starvation, when grown in a non-replicating state, in the presence of gentamycin or rifampicin
Induced by amino acids starvation
Down-regulated by growth on bacteria
Up-regulated by high temperature via activation by PIF4. Positively regulated by STY1 and during the day by REV1
By removal of nutrients, in a cAMP-independent manner
Expression is increased during filamentous growth and controlled by the RSF2 transcription factor
Down-regulated by TNF in adipocytes (at protein level)
Induced in roots by auxin, phosphate starvation, treatment with the synthetic strigolactone analog GR24, and colonization by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices
Abnormal expression in testes of patients with male infertility
Expression is up-regulated during biofilm growth (PubMed:21724936). Expression is also induced upon amphotericin B treatment (PubMed:18838595). Expression is down-regulated by tetrandrine and posaconazole in a synergistic manner (PubMed:28080217). Expression is increased in clinical azole-resistant isolates (PubMed:15504870)
By activin and vegt signaling, both acting via nodal. By bmp signaling in a dose-dependent manner. Fgf is necessary but not sufficient for induction
By PDGF through a CREB-dependent transactivation of the NOR1 promoter
Induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (PubMed:27129230). Induced by type I interferon (IFN) and viruses (HIV-1 and SeV viruses) (PubMed:27129230)
Slightly reduced by dark treatment
Repressed by CRP
Induced by Bmp-signaling. Suppressed by Wnt-signaling
Up-regulated by FGF4 and FGF8
Expression is repressed by iron in a sreA- and acuM-mediated way (PubMed:21062375, PubMed:21840411)
Maternal PHLDA2 allele is activated, while paternal Phlda2 is repressed due to genomic imprinting. Down-regulated by hypoxia. Although highly similar to PHLDA3 protein, it is not regulated by p53/TP53
Induced after heat shock (50 degress Celsius). Part of the sigH-rshA operon
Up-regulated by sucrose and Pi deficiency in roots (PubMed:18094993). Down-regulated by auxin, cytokinin and abscisic acid (ABA) (PubMed:18094993). Up-regulated in leaves following treatment with ABA (PubMed:22612335). Down-regulated by the transcription factors WRKY6 and WRKY42 (PubMed:25733771)
Induced by all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) (at protein level)
Induced by DNA damaging agent mitomycin C, part of the socA-socB operon
Weakly induced by vancomycin
Transcribed at low levels, estimated to be present at about 100 molecules per cell (at protein level)
Induced by salicylic acid (SA), wounding, and after feeding by cotton leafworm (Spodoptera litura) larvae
Up-regulated by cAMP in macrophages
By 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13 acetate (TPA)
6-fold repressed by starvation
Expression is down-regulated by BMP2
Positively regulated via NR1H4/FXR in adrenal gland, kidney and intestine
Highly induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and TGFB1, more moderately by IFNG, IL18, IL1B, TNF and the dinucleotide CpG (at protein level). Constitutive expression in bone marrow macrophages is down-regulated in the presence of IL4 and CSF2. Induced by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) in different cell lines
Part of the sapA-sapB-sapC-sapD-sapF operon, RNA detected in mid-log phase cells
Slightly induced by ethylene
Up-regulated by calcium ions in differentiating keratinocytes. Up-regulated in myofibroblasts
Up-regulated during osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells
Down-regulated by thyroid hormone T3 (PubMed:19179482)
Induced methyl jasmonate (MeJA) in adventitious roots (PubMed:15356323, PubMed:15538577). Accumulates upon Cle-mediated signaling, an elicitor derived from fungal cell walls of C.lagenarium, thus inducing the accumulation of saponins. Triggered by ethylene (ACC), rose bengal (RB), nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) (PubMed:15821288). Accumulates under heavy metal stress in the presence of NiCl(2) and CdCl(2) (PubMed:23232757). Influenced in roots and leaves by relative humidity, and in roots by soil water potential (PubMed:30577538)
Maximal induction occurs at 37 degrees Celsius and in low-iron environments
By blood meal, 10 fold increase within 10 hours
Up-regulated by AvrRps4 in an EDS1-dependent manner
Optimal protein expression in vivo requires both Zn(2+) and Ca(2+) during growth (at protein level)
Part of the dgoRKADT operon, which encodes proteins for the metabolism of D-galactonate (PubMed:30455279). Negatively regulated by DgoR (PubMed:30455279). Induced by galactonate, but not by glycerol, gluconate or galactose (PubMed:324806, PubMed:30455279). Repressed by glucose (PubMed:211976)
Not induced by pathogen infection
Expressed with a circadian rhythm showing a broad peak between 12 hours and dawn. Higher expression under long days
By aluminum chloride and ferrous chloride
Expressed during exponential and post-exponential growth at both 28 and 37 degrees Celsius
Up-regulated at high salt concentration
Up-regulated during CVB3-induced viral myocarditis in the cardiac infiltrating macrophages
Expression is induced in muscles in response to muscle injury (PubMed:25085416). Expression is induced in muscle progenitors response to muscle overload (PubMed:28186492). Down-regulated by in microRNA miR-491, which binds specifically to its 3' untranslated region of Mymk leading to its down-regulation (PubMed:28579197)
In vitro, is responsive to TNF
By activation of the Notch signaling pathway
Expression occurs in a growth phase-dependent manner with optimal expression at post-exponential phase. Environmental conditions such as degree of aeration and salt concentration are also important in control of transcription and processing of SspB. Up-regulated by agr (accessory gene regulator) and repressed by SarA (staphylococcal accessory regulator) and sigmaB factor
Down-regulated in axillary buds within 15 hours after decapitation and then up-regulated
By phosphate deprivation as well as by IL8/interleukin-8 in hypertrophic chondrocytes
Not induced by hormones or during leaf senescence
By anaerobic conditions, however not induced by NO alone
Expression is induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
Down-regulated during infection by Plasmodiophora brassicae
Up-regulated upon cardiomyocytes hypertrophy
By 4-hydroxybenzoate and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate
Induced by partial submergence (PubMed:9037160). Induced in leaves by infection with the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae (PubMed:17012402). Induced by phosphate deficency (PubMed:30810167)
Induced by trans-zeatin (at protein level)
By stimulation with various mitogens
Up-regulated after septic shoc
Expression is up-regulated in mycelia grown in a zinc-deficient medium (PubMed:14814150). Expression is strongly induced with the formation of aerial hyphae, accumulates in conidia and decreases very fast as the mature conidia germinate (Ref.3, PubMed:4384627, PubMed:5111767, PubMed:131723). Induced by the presence of proteins in the culture medium (PubMed:6237174). Low concentrations of sucrose or glucose, Casamino acids or some amino acids such as methionine, cysteine, phenylalanine and tryptophan strongly repress the expression (PubMed:6237174)
By abscisic acid, H(2)O(2) and salt stress. Down-regulated by nitrogen or phosphorous deprivation
By wounding, methyl jasmonate (MeJA), ethylene. The expression of the peptide PEP1 precursor is induced by the mature peptide PEP1
Androgen dependent, as shown by the decrease in the level of the protein following castration
Up-regulated when cells are exposed to severe hypoxia (in vitro)
By lactose. Part of an operon consisting of lacL, lacM, and galE
Induced by ethephon (ethylene-releasing compound) in buds and to a lower extent in leaves. Strongly induced by cycloheximide and mechanical stimuli. Wounding leads to a both local and systemic expression, independently of ethylene, and through a de-novo-protein-synthesis-independent regulation. Wound induction is reduced by methyl-jasmonate. Induction by purified xylanase from Trichoderma viride (TvX) and another elicitor from Phytophthora infestans (PiE), that appears to be mediated by both protein kinases and protein phosphatases
Induced during cell wall regeneration and repressed by HAP43
Induced by infection with the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv maculicola strain ES4326
By pathogens and viruses infections
By carbonic acid and CO(2)
Interacts with its own promoter-operator region. Autogenously regulated by a mechanism that gives similar rates of expression of tyrR irrespective of concentration of the aromatic amino acids
Constitutively expressed during exponential growth and early stationary phase, it decreases in late stationary phase; part of the mazE-mazF operon. Negatively autoregulated by one or both of MazE-MazF
By osmotic stress and by methylglyoxal in a HOG pathway-dependent manner
Induced upon ER stress (PubMed:19822669, PubMed:17498661). Down-regulated upon heat stress (PubMed:17498661)
By osmotic, ionic, oxidative and heat stress
Induced by sucrose (PubMed:10220464). Down-regulated under phosphate starvation (at the protein level) (PubMed:19211700). Up-regulated by beta-aminobutyric acid (BABA) (PubMed:20484986). Induced after infection by the effector avirulence protein AvrRpm1 from P.syringae (PubMed:27337039). Induced by trehalose (PubMed:25071807)
Up-regulated by dietary cholesterol and cholestyramine. Down-regulated by dietary bile acids, such as chenodeoxycholic acid and cholic acid
By sodium ions. Induction at low salt concentrations (0.3 M) is mediated by the high-osmolarity glycerol (HOG)-MAP kinase pathway, a system activated by non-specific osmotic stress, and by the protein kinase A pathway. At high salt concentrations (0.8 M) is mediated by the protein phosphatase calcineurin, which is specifically activated by sodium ions
By dorsal mesoderm-inducing signals including activin and other nodal-related proteins
Repressed by H-NS
By oxidative stress conditions and iron starvation
By brlA
During nodulation in legume roots after Rhizobium infection, and after release of bacteria from the infection thread
Down-regulated in lungs by dexamethasone treatment
By limited oxygen supply
Activated by PrpR and repressed by RamB
By heat and osmotic shock
Induced during growth on nonfermentable carbon sources and repressed during growth on glucose
Expression is induced 4-fold during ectomycorrhiza formation (PubMed:21352231). Expression is highest at 15 degrees Celsius and decreases at any other temperature (PubMed:21352231)
By cAMP at limiting phosphate concentrations. Repressed by phosphate
Down-regulated by HIV-1 Tat or phorbol ester (TPA) treatment in endothelial cells (at mRNA and protein levels)
Constitutively expressed. Not induced by inflammatory stimulation
Down-regulated by gonadotropin
Upon activation of the T-cell receptor/CD3 pathway and can be augmented by coactivation of the CD3 and CD28 pathways
Strongly activated by UV, anisomycin, and osmotic shock but not by phorbol esters, NGF or EGF
Repressed under conditions of excess protein secretion capacity and derepressed when protein secretion becomes limiting. This is regulated by SecM (By similarity)
Up-regulated in response to V-Jun induced cell transformation
Up-regulated by wounding
Expression increases about 5-fold from early log phase to stationary phase, dropping in late stationary phase (at protein level)
Is not markedly up- or down-regulated by DNA damage, nutrient deprivation or by exposure to TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma (PubMed:25929859)
By heavy metals such as cadmium
In vitro, up-regulated by IFN-alpha
By TBX21 in developing as well as mature Th1 cells
By FGF-4, activin and retinoic acid
Expression is repressed by the HTH-type transcriptional regulator GamR
Less protein is secreted in a secA2 or a double secG/secY2 mutant (at protein level)
Expressed in a circadian manner in the liver with a peak at approximately circadian time (CT) 8 hours (at protein level)
Specifically induced by chitin and is catabolite repressed
Up-regulated in galls upon nematode infection
By nerve growth factor. At lower levels by epidermal growth factor and membrane depolarization. At much lower levels by fibroblast growth factor and interleukin 6
Transposition of this element is induced approximately 100-fold by 10 kGy gamma irradiation and approximately 50-fold by 600 J/m(2) of UV irradiation, both of which damage DNA. It rarely transposes without irradiation (PubMed:16359337). Both excision and insertion of ISDra2 are increased by irradiation, transposition occurs in irradiated cells, probably triggered by single-stranded DNA formed during genome reassembly, and is not due to specific induction of TnpA expression (PubMed:20090938)
Transcription increases throughout growth and is maximal during stationary phase. Is not up-regulated upon exposure to HOCl
By IL1B/interleukin-1 beta and TNF in microvascular endothelial cells (at protein level)
Expression correlates with the formation of the sclerotia and thus the pigment production (PubMed:28955461)
Ty1-DR1 is a weakly expressed element. Induced under amino acid starvation conditions by GCN4
Slightly induced towards stationary phase. Induced by heat and oxidative stresses
By infection with the bacterial pathogen P.syringae pv. tomato strain DC3000
By drought, cold, salt and abscisic acid (ABA) treatments
Up-regulated by trans-zeatin, but not by cold, heat, hypoxia, salt stress, auxins, gibberellins, wounding, etiolation and salicylic acid or methyl jasmonate treatments
Essentially constitutive over all growth phases. 2-fold repressed by ethanol, 4-fold by SDS. Not induced by hypoxia, slightly induced by NO, cAMP, 8-fold induced in mouse lung infection
By salinity stress
Down-regulated at low calcium levels
Down-regulated by Ca(2+) and cAMP
By EPO/Erythropoietin which induces erythroid differentiation
Induced by salicylic acid (SA) and by some chemicals generating reactive oxygen species (ROS, e.g. nitric oxide (NO), intracellular superoxide and singlet oxygen) such as sodium nitropruside (SNP), paraquat and rose bengal (RB). Accumulates locally, at the infection site, in response to both incompatible and compatible bacterial pathogens (e.g. Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000) in a SA-dependent manner, with a faster response during hypersensitive reactions
As the light levels increase antenna complex levels decrease. Transcript expression level is unaffected by iron concentration
Produced by T-cell after stimulation by antigen or induction by concanavalin a (Con-A)
Highly induced by auxin
Expression is induced upon exposure to amphotericin B, griseofulvin, the allylamine terbinafine, and the azole itraconazole
In roots under low K(+) conditions and transiently by nitrate
Arc expression is regulated at transcription, post-transcription and translation levels (PubMed:9808461, PubMed:10570490, PubMed:11226315, PubMed:18614031). Transcription is tightly coupled to encoding of information in neuronal circuits (PubMed:10570490). Expression is induced by neuronal and synaptic activity (PubMed:7777577, PubMed:7857651, PubMed:10570490). Induced at highest level in hippocampus within 30 minutes, dropping to basal levels within 24 hours (PubMed:7777577, PubMed:7857651). Arc transcripts are transported to dendrites and become enriched at sites of local synaptic activity where they are locally translated into protein (PubMed:9808461, PubMed:18614031). Arc transcripts resemble some viral RNAs and contain an internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) that allows cap-independent translation (PubMed:11226315)
Specifically induced by cold temperatures
Up-regulated by p53/TP53 in response to DNA damage
Regulated by the two-component regulatory system YdfH/YdfI
By interferon-gamma in Stat1-dependent manner
Only transcribed when chitin is the carbon source. The promoter contains the consensus motif for the creA/crel/crr1 carbon catabolic repressor
Induced by auxin (PubMed:15829602, PubMed:15960615). Induced by ethylene (PubMed:15960615)
Induced by cold stress in roots
By hydrogen peroxide. Up-regulated in response to amino acid starvation
By cellobiose
Repressed under nutrient-rich culture conditions
Induced by TGF-beta treatment (PubMed:11707329). Induced by a wasting-associated liver metabolism as a result of a methionine-choline deficient diet or cancer-induced cachectic phenotype (PubMed:23307490). Induced by renal hyperosmotic stress (PubMed:17147695)
Expression is regulated by KRIT1
By auxin, gibberellin, abscisic acid (ABA) and kinetin in roots
Positively regulated by cell integrity signaling through MPK1 in response to cell wall perturbation. Induction is dependent on transcription factor RLM1
Up-regulated by vernalization. Repressed by VIL2, AGL6, CLF, EMF2 and FIE via epigenetic chromatin H3K27me3 and H3K9me2 regulation during the vegetative development
Degraded at the end of mitosis. Down-regulated upon exposure to nitric oxide
Expression is induced by the cAMP-activated global transcriptional regulator CRP
Circadian-regulation. Up-regulated by auxin, paclobutrazol and cold treatment. Negatively controlled by the level of physiologically active gibberellin
Constitutively expressed, increasing levels as growth progresses (at protein level)
By wounding (PubMed:16941210). Triggered by MYB69 to repress lignin biosynthesis (PubMed:35640133)
Target gene of the Wnt/Beta-catenin pathway, transcriptionally regulated by the CTNNB1/TF7L2 complex
Repressed upon infection with mycobacteriophage TM4, and also by expression of the virus paralog whiBTM4 (AC Q9ZX29)
Up-regulated in breast and prostate cancer cells
Expressed in the late logarithmic growth phase
Induced by fungus spore (F. graminearum) inoculation and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment in leaves (PubMed:27421723). Triggered by abscisic acid (ABA) in roots (PubMed:27421723)
Up-regulated by oxidative stress
Circadian-regulation with highest levels in early afternoon and lowest levels during the night
Repressed during biofilm formation
Accumulates in leaves 1.5 hours postinfiltration of Pseudomonas syringae
Activated during G0/G1 transition in cultured cells
Part of the dgoRKADT operon, which encodes proteins for the metabolism of D-galactonate (PubMed:30455279). Negatively regulated by DgoR (PubMed:30455279). Expression is induced in the presence of D-galactonate and galactose (PubMed:30455279, PubMed:324806)
Induced in a p53/TP53-dependent manner in response to cellular stress
Up-regulated in the skin of psoriasis and atopic dermatitis patients
Up-regulated in tuberculosis dormancy
Up-regulated during mouse infection
Synthesized in response to growth limitation
Induced by abscisic acid (ABA), osmotic stress and salt stress
Expression is regulated by nhr-80 and nhr-49 in the intestine
Repressed by cold
Expression is coordinately up-regulated with MDR1 in drug-resistant, clinical isolates. Expression is induced by HAP43
Expression is repressed by RIM101
Transcribed in a circadian rhythm with maximal expression at 12 hours and minimal expression 12 hours later; has its own promoter (PubMed:9727980). Protein levels are fairly constant (at protein level) (PubMed:10786837). Rapidly forms aggregates in the presence of oxidized (but not reduced) quinone analog DBMIB (2,5-dibromo-3-methyl-6-isopropyl-p-benzoquinone), an artifical electron acceptor for photosystem II that reduces the plastoquinone pool (at protein level). Aggregation is irreversible, and prevents KaiA from stimulating phosphorylation of KaiC (PubMed:20231482)
Under sulfate limitation conditions, it is transcriptionally activated by the LysR-type transcriptional regulator, CysB
By pod removal and methyl jasmonate
Up-regulated in response to dopamine
Expression is induced by N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc)
Expression is up-regulated during conidiation of A.fumigatus strains displaying high adherence to pulmonary epithelial cells
Induced by drought, salt, cold and sugars (e.g. glucose, fructose and sucrose)
Up-regulated in stimulated thyroids. Down-regulated by forskolin and TSH. Up-regulated by EGF
Down-regulated in failing hearts
Association with RNAP core increases during sporulation but not tested stresses (at protein level)
Up-regulated by cAMP
Produced during vegetative growth
Induced during anaerobic growth. Induced by cold shock
Up-regulated by 1,2-dithiole-3-thione (D3T)
Not induced by high CO(2)
Induced by salt, heat and drought
Induced by NAI1 (at protein level)
Induced by estrogens and suppressed by androgens. Expression is under the influence of pituitary growth hormone and thyroid hormone
Induced in prostate, after castration. This induction is reversed by androgen supplementation
Up-regulated in CD8+ T-cells simultaneously stimulated with TGFB1 and IL4/interleukin-4
Expression is decreased during transition to slow growing or stationary phases
Up-regulated by abscisic acid and ethylene (PubMed:9437863). Up-regulated by salt, dehydration and osmotic stresses (PubMed:19017627). Not regulated by abscisic acid (PubMed:22392280)
Not induced by nitrate in roots
Expression is strongly induced within 30 min of infection of soybean and then slowly declines
Induced by anaerobisis (at protein level). A member of the dormancy regulon. Induced in response to reduced oxygen tension (hypoxia), low levels of nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO). It is hoped that this regulon will give insight into the latent, or dormant phase of infection
(Microbial infection) In macrophages, induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection
Transient slight accumulation in response to a brief exposures to cold
Up-regulated under nitrogen starvation conditions
Overexpressed under N(2)-fixing conditions
By stress conditions e.g. heat shock and oxidative stress under control of SigH. There is another promoter
Induced in stretched embryonic lung mesenchymal cells
Induced by inositol (PubMed:9226270). Repressed by glucose (PubMed:11160890). Is cotranscribed with iolR, the repressor of the iol operon (PubMed:9226270)
Expression is not induced in response to 2-benzoxazolinone (BOA) exposure
By gibberellic acid (GA3). Accumulation continues to increase throughout 24 hours of GA3 treatment. Very little effect by other plant hormones like brassinolide (BL), 6-benzyladenine (BA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and abscisic acid (ABA). Inhibitory effect from uniconazole, a potent GA biosynthesis inhibitor
Expression is induced by host macrophages
Accumulates during leaf senescence
Up-regulated early after high-light irradiation, but not by paraquat or high salt
Down-regulated in malignant brain tumors
Not induced by high-salt and drought stresses
Positively regulated by PhoB and negatively regulated by the cyclic AMP-cAMP receptor protein (cAMP-CRP) complex
Up-regulated during osteoblast differentiation (in vitro). Up-regulated in cartilage from osteoarthritis patients
By auxin. Down-regulated by blue and far red lights
Transcription is activated by the regulatory protein BcrR in the presence of bacitracin
Induced by cadmium (at protein level) (PubMed:16502469, PubMed:18354042, PubMed:19710230). Induced by selenium (selenate), copper and hydrogen peroxide H(2)O(2) (at protein level) (PubMed:16502469, PubMed:18354042, PubMed:19710230). The induction in response to sulfur starvation is repressed by glutathione (GSH) (at protein level) (PubMed:19710230)
By anaerobic conditions
Transcriptionally activated by the EnvZ/OmpR regulatory system
Induced by arabinan and repressed by glucose
Does not show circadian oscillation
Accumulates in response to very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs C20:0 to C30:0)
Up-regulation during the yeast-to-hypha transition is dependent upon the function of YAK1. HOG1 represses the expression of BRG1 via the transcriptional repressor SKO1. Regulated by TYE7 during late-stage biofilm formation
Expression is relatively low at the spore resting stage and increases steadily from the induction of germination to a peak after 180 min, at the onset of the polar growth stage
Exhibits circadian rhythm pattern in the pineal gland with highest levels at ZT 24. Expression in the retinal photoreceptor cells oscillates in a circadian manner
Repressed by members of the TOC1/PRR1 family of clock genes
By iron starvation and infection with the bacterial pathogens P.syringae and E.chrysanthemi
Overexpressed in certain types of cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma and lung cancer associated with tobacco smoking
By salt-stress, mannitol or ABA in stems. By heat shock in seedlings
Up-regulated in response to ifng1 (interferon gamma 1), tgfb1b (TGF-beta), and tnfb (TNF-alpha 2)
Expression is repressed by biotin
Induced in blood plasma by hyperglycemia (PubMed:24283382). Decreased in blood plasma by hyperinsulinemia (PubMed:24283382)
Its expression is maximal under reduced oxygen conditions and depends on the two-component regulatory system FixLJ
By T-cell receptor (TCR) ligation, which leads to enhanced KLRK1-HCST cell surface expression. Down-regulated by IL21/interleukin-21 in T-cells and NK cells
By high-fluence white light, UV-A and UV-B
Constitutively expressed when grown in minimal media
May be repressed at low inorganic phosphate levels by the pho regulon
Induced in response to decrease in pH and as a function of growth phase
Positively regulated by AnoR
Up-regulated by exposure to oxygen (at protein level)
Induced by drought, cold and salt stresses. Induced by wounding and treatment with abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonate (JA), salicylic acid (SA) and ethylene
Up-regulated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, high endothelial venules, airway epithelium and submucosal gland in response to inflammatory cytokine TNF (PubMed:1730767, PubMed:16873769). Down-regulated upon differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells to osteoblasts (PubMed:16771708)
By heat shock under both nitrogen-fixing and nitrogen-supplemented growth conditions. Induced within 5 to 15 minutes of the start of heat stress, levels peak after 1 hour and expression continues throughout the period of heat stress
Strongly expressed during exponential growth, decreases 2-4-fold in stationary phase, part of the rpsF-ssbA-rpsR and the ychF-rpsF-ssbA-rpsR operons (PubMed:14762004). The operon is induced by DNA damage by mitomycin C (PubMed:14762004)
Not induced by heat shock
Induced by abscisic-acid (ABA) and dehydration
Not induced in wounded or jasmonate-treated leaves
By red light. Stable upon light exposure
By insulin in adipocytes (at protein level)
Induced by freezing (PubMed:18701673). Induced by the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas viridiflava (PubMed:25409942)
Repressed by fumarate and nitrate. Up-regulated by sulfite, but only in the absence of fumarate and nitrate (at protein level)
The fujikurins gene cluster is specifically expressed during rice infection (PubMed:23825955)
By heat shock, high osmolarity, oxidative stress, DNA damage and glucose starvation
By wounding and Rhizobium infection
Down-regulated after antimycin A or rotenone treatments
Induced by singlet oxygen. Autoregulated. Part of the rpoE-chrR operon
Induced methyl jasmonate (MeJA) in adventitious roots
By lipopolysaccharide. Expression increases until 4 hours after treatment and then gradually decreases, remaining high 24 hours after stimulation
By cytokinin in procambium
Up-regulated in a number of cancer cell lines (at protein level)
Up-regulated in pretreated yellow poplar (PYP)-grown cells
Down-regulated when grown with elevated levels of potassium chloride (PubMed:17258477). Induced under oxidative stress conditions dependent on transcription factor napA (PubMed:19965775)
Isoform 2 is up-regulated in corneal epithelium cells under hypoxia (at protein level) (PubMed:11734856). Isoform 2 is up-regulated by hypoxia in a HIF1A-dependent manner (PubMed:12119283, PubMed:17355974). Isoform 3 is up-regulated by hypoxia (PubMed:18070924)
Up-regulated by progesterone and down-regulated by estrogen in benign endometrium
Transcriptionally regulated by sigma-E factor
Expression is controlled by the transcription repressors SUM1, HST1 and RFM1
Expression is strongly increased in the presence of cycloheximide, camptothecin, imazalil, itraconazole, hygromycin and 4-nitroquinoline oxide (4-NQO)
Specifically induced upon tunicamycin, DTT as well as rhodanine-3-acetic acid derivative OGT2468 treatment
Part of the SigD-controlled yvyF-csrA operon and the SigA-controlled fliW-csrA operon (PubMed:17555441)
Repressed by LexA
Expression in the developing embryo is induced by activation of the Notch signaling pathway
By infection with the helminth parasite N.brasiliensis
Increased markedly during skeletal muscle differentiation (at protein level)
Induced by abscisic acid (ABA). Accumulates in roots and, to a lower extent, in leaves during progressive drought in an ABA-dependent manner (PubMed:7823904). Triggered by cold acclimation (PubMed:15165189)
In liver, expression is induced by the environmental contaminant 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD); the induction is mediated by AHR
By nitrate. Repressed by ammonium, the repression is not removed by the addition of extra nitrate. Urea weakens the effect of nitrate, but does not repress expression itself, implying it possibly reduces nitrate uptake rather than nitrate reduction. Up-regulated by nitrite
By salt stress, ABA, and mannitol in roots. Repressed in leaves by the same treatments
Transcriptionally regulated by the sigma factor SigM
Up-regulated under iron-starved conditions
Induced by high CO(2)
IL2/interleukin-2 stimulation inhibits expression, while IL12/interleukin-12 increases expression
Up-regulated by IFN-alpha
Expression is positively regulated by the trichosetin cluster-specific transcription activator TF22 (PubMed:28379186)
In monocytes, up-regulated by treatment with colchicine and IFN-alpha, by the pro-inflammatory cytokines IFNG/IFN-gamma and TNF, by bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and by retroviral infection. Repressed in monocytes by the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL10/interleukin-10, TGFB1 and IL4/interleukin-4. In neutrophils and macrophages, up-regulated by IFNG/IFN-gamma with a peak after 8 hours of treatment
By salt, mannitol, cold, methyl viologen and abscisic acid (ABA)
By infection, plant wounding, or elicitor treatment of cell cultures
By 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3
Induced after prolonged growth with antifungal drugs such as clotrimazole, miconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, terbinafine and fenpropimorph
In S.pneumoniae strain 0100993 is found in the pezT/SP_1052/SP_1053 operon
Not induced by abscisic acid (ABA), dehydration and salt stress
Circadian-regulation. Down-regulated upon photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) (e.g. light fluence) increase and in response to ozone fumigation
Expressed during exponential growth, decreases in stationary phase. Transcription is down-regulated by AbrB and DegU in logarithmic and stationary phase respectively
By cadmium (Cd). Induced in roots and shoots under sulfur-deficient conditions
Circadian-regulation. Expression increases during the dark phase with a peak at the beginning of the light phase and then decreases to reach the lowest expression at the end of the light phase. Induced by UV-B
Possibly induced by cytokinins
In cultured foreskin fibroblasts, up-regulated in response to Ca(2+) stimulation
Up-regulated following pathogen challenge or salicylic acid (SA) treatment
By high-salt and drought stresses
Regulated by the transcription factors NAC045 and NAC086 and up-regulated by salt stress
Repressed by estrogens, androgens and thyroxine in adults (at protein level) (PubMed:7887957, PubMed:9634868, PubMed:10622403, PubMed:17316636). Repression by estrogens and androgens does not occur in immature 20-day old animals (PubMed:18703064). Induced by prolonged light deprivation and starvation (at protein level) (PubMed:10622403)
By cold. Repressed by abscisic acid (ABA)
Repressed progressively during incompatible Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) infection (strain UK1) in resistant cultivars (e.g. cv. Aki-masari) but not in susceptible cultivars (e.g. cv. Yukihime-kabu) (PubMed:27255930). When the plant is infected by a compatible TuMV strain (UK1 m2), the down-regulation is transient and last two days (PubMed:27255930). Induced by jasmonic acid (JA) and hydrogen peroxide H(2)O(2) treatments (PubMed:27255930)
Up-regulated by LysR. Repressed in the presence of lysine
By cold (at protein level)
By estrogens. Contrary to other type I interferons, not induced by known pattern-recognition receptor pathways
Induced in leaves during infection by Botrytis cinerea
Induced by L-rhamnose via the RhaR-RhaS regulatory cascade. Binding of the cAMP receptor protein (CRP) is required for full expression. Also induced by L-lyxose
Up-regulated upon elicitation
Rapid turn-over by proteasome-mediated degradation (at protein level)
Induced in early stationary phase (at protein level)
By CSF2/GM-CSF. Down-regulated by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)
Transcriptionally activated by SfnR
By sucrose and cytokinin. Induced by jasmonic acid (JA) in a COI1- and brassinosteroids-dependent manner
Expression is high in vegetative mycelia and highly up-regulated during development of the basidiocarp (PubMed:25957233). Expression is positively correlated with root abscisic acid (ABA) content during ectomycorrhizal interaction with poplar trees (PubMed:31504720)
Up-regulated in mucin minimal medium
Up-regulated by IFNB1/IFN-beta in cell lines sensitive to the proapoptotic effects of IFNB1 but not in apoptosis-resistant cells. Up-regulated by TNF in trophoblast cells
Slightly induced by salt (NaCl) (PubMed:26307965, PubMed:31841963). Accumulates in response to osmotic (mannitol) and cold treatments (PubMed:31841963)
Transcriptionally induced by internally generated superoxide stress in a manganese-dependent way. The presence of manganese increases SodA homodimer activity and simultaneously decreases SodM homodimer activity. This occurs primarily due to post-transcriptional effects, since the expression of the gene is independent of manganese availability in the absence of superoxide generating compounds
By low iron conditions and by heat shock. Iron regulation is mediated through the fur protein
Induced by biotic elicitors (e.g. fungal chitin oligosaccharide) (PubMed:23462973). Induced by pathogen infection (e.g. M.grisea and X.oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo)) (PubMed:16528562). Accumulates after treatment with benzothiadiazole (BTH) and salicylic acid (SA) (PubMed:17601827)
By zinc deficiency
Expression is moderately increased during growth on protein-rich medium. Expression levels are the same whether keratin is present or not in the protein-rich medium
Expression is up-regulated at high-iron conditions
Up-regulated in the myeloid 32D cell line by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)
By pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF and IL1B/interleukin-1 beta
By optic nerve injury
By cadmium ions Cd(2+). Progressively repressed in senescent leaves. Levels follow a circadian rhythm, with lower levels during the night (PubMed:18390807). Down-regulated in response to iron deprivation (PubMed:24117441)
Seems to activate its own expression and that of the repressor ROX1 which in turn represses YAP6 expression
The GAL1 gene is a member of the family of galactose inducible, glucose-repressible genes (which include GAL2, GAL3, GAL7, GAL10, GAL80, and MELI)
By cold stress, abscisic acid (ABA) and water stress
By bezafibrate
By hydrogen peroxide, ethephon, abscicic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA). Barely induced by heavy metals
Up-regulated in response to pentachlorophenol (PCP), a toxic pollutant (PubMed:28402832). Up-regulated in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and bacterial infection with E.piscicida (PubMed:30076291). Up-regulated in response to bacterial infection with E.tarda (PubMed:30150286)
By interferon gamma and lipopolysaccharides (LPS)
Expressed from 2 promoters, 1 of which (clpP2) is positively regulated by the thio-oxidizing agent diamide, probably via SigR. Probably a clpP1-clpP2 operon
Moderately induced by chitin oligomers (e.g. chitohexaose (6-mer) and chitooctaose (8-mer)) and flagellin (e.g. flg22)
During differentiation of leukocytes. This induction is STAT3-dependent. Up-regulated in adipose tissues by high-fat diet
Expressed with a circadian rhythm showing a broad peak in the middle day
By leptin
Expressed in exponential phase, peaks about 18 hours (PubMed:20023033, PubMed:24020498). Protein is associated with magnetosomes as they start to develop, rises to a maximum quickly (at protein level) (PubMed:30367002). First gene in the 4 gene mamXY operon (PubMed:20023033) (Probable)
Exhibits night/day variations with an increased expression at night in the pineal gland
Up-regulated by salicylic acid or upon turnip crinkle virus or avirulent bacterial pathogen infection
Accumulates in root hairs within five days under phosphate (Pi) deficient conditions (at protein level)
Significantly down-regulated in breast and colorectal cancer
By methylamine
Expressed throughout cell growth. Negatively influences its own expression
The first gene of the probable mtrEDCBAFGH operon
Expressed in limited copper conditions. Expression is positively controlled by MAC1 and TYE7. Induced during biofilm formation and contact with macrophages as well as by alkaline pH via RIM101. Expression is down-regulated by 17-beta-estradiol
By TNF and IL1B/interleukin-1 beta in adipose tissue. Up-regulated by androgens, including testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT)
Target of miR172 microRNA mediated cleavage, particularly during floral organ development
Down-regulated by sulfur deprivation
By oxidative stress, dependent on transcription factor YAP1 (PubMed:10480913). By oleic acid (PubMed:21763276)
By interferon-gamma
Negatively regulated by ArgR
Expression is increased in intermediate compared to fully aerobic conditions
Accumulates in roots during S starvation, but decreased after SO(4) anion restoration (at protein level). Repressed locally and systemically by phloem-translocated glutathione (GSH) (at protein level)
Developmentally regulated, is also induced by heat shock and cold shock
Phycocyanin-3 is expressed in red light under conditions of sulfur deprivation
By interferon gamma. By LPS and viruses (at protein level)
In the heart, up-regulated by hypertrophic stimuli
Induced under conditions that maximally induce expression of the locus of effacement (LEE) large pathogenicity island (PAI). Not induced by D-serine
Up-regulated by FGF
Induced under low-glucose conditions in pollen tubes (PubMed:26893494). Down-regulated by glucose (PubMed:26893494)
By HBxAg
Expressed with a circadian rhythm showing a peak before dawn
Diurnally oscillating levels. Induced by abscisic acid (ABA) (PubMed:18202002). Regulated indirectly by CAMTA1, probably via a DREB/ERF pathway (PubMed:23547968). Accumulates during dehydration stress (PubMed:8075396)
Induced 2.4-fold by hydroxyurea
By the TLR ligands lipopolysaccharide, CpG dinucleotide and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid
By the BNL-FGF pathway in the tracheal system and by the egf receptor pathway in the wing imaginal disk and the follicle cells of the ovary
By T-cell receptor stimulation in a process that requires p38 MAP kinase and ERK signaling
Induced by drought and oxidation stress
Induced by heat stress (PubMed:23904186, PubMed:26791749, PubMed:29036198). Transcription from the hpk-1 promoter is not altered by heat shock treatment, suggesting that heat shock affects hpk-1 levels through a post-transcriptional mechanism (PubMed:26791749). Induction is greatest in hypodermal seam cells and neurons with much lower levels of induction in intestinal cells (PubMed:29036198)
Induced during mitosis
By heat shock, salt stress, oxidative stress, glucose limitation, oxygen limitation and entry into stationary phase. Association with RNAP core increases during alcohol, NaOH, NaCl stress and during sporulation (at protein level) (PubMed:21710567)
Inducible by 2-thiouric acid, and highly repressible by ammonium
Expression is induced in mycelia grown in high iron medium or transferred from low iron medium into high iron medium, and repressed in mycelia grown in low iron medium or transferred from high iron medium into low iron medium (PubMed:9988696)
Up-regulated by APL/FE (PubMed:26239308). Not regulated by photoperiod, circadian rhythm under long days, vernalization or gibberellin treatment (PubMed:22529749)
Testicular factors or hormones other than androgens present in the testicular fluid may be involved in the regulation of CRES gene expression
By iron deficiency. No expression is detected when sufficient iron is present
Expressed in exponential phase, peaks about 18 hours (PubMed:20023033, PubMed:24020498). Protein is associated with magnetosomes as they start to develop, maximal protein is detected early then decreases (at protein level) (PubMed:30367002). Second gene in the 4 gene mamXY operon (PubMed:20023033) (Probable)
Up-regulated in macrophages exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (at protein level) (PubMed:15793005). By estrogen and lipopolysaccharides (LPS)
Up-regulated in SIV or SHIV infected monkeys with decreased CD4+ T-cell count
Upon cell proliferation
By transcription factor PDR1, by transcription factor HAA1 in response to acetaldehyde accumulation and by the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin
Is under the control of KdgR repressor (Probable). Its expression is up-regulated in the presence of galacturonate and glucuronate (PubMed:23437267). Is also up-regulated in intestinal E.coli of mice fed a lactose-rich diet and down-regulated in E.coli of mice on a casein-rich diet (PubMed:22427493)
Expression is regulated by the asperfuranone cluster transcription factor afoA (PubMed:19199437)
Repressed by zinc, via zur
Cell surface expression is increased by Thioglycollate in elicited macrophages
Induced by the antifungal agent caspofungin
Induced by wounding (PubMed:11595796, PubMed:18267087, PubMed:20348210, PubMed:24430866). Induced by methyl jasmonate (PubMed:24430866)
Expression is positively regulated by the developmental and secondary metabolism regulator veA (PubMed:24951443). Expression is highly increased following piperine exposure (PubMed:28830793)
Seems to be constitutively expressed
Up-regulated by AgmR but the exaE promoter is down-regulated in the presence of a combination of glucose and ethanol
Increased by PPARA and PPARG treatment in both liver and H35 cells
By noise exposure
Regulated in response to carbon source, temperature, growth phase, and physical environment. Expression is up-regulated by rapamycine, and thus is under the regulation of the TOR pathway. Binds its own promoter and is also under the control of EFG1
Cotranscribed along with teaABC
Circadian-regulation with peak levels occurring in flowers during the light period, in the afternoon
Up-regulated by water stress, heat-shock, mycotoxin and pathogens
By human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)
Upon treatment with yeast extract
Induced by dexamethasone and, in pancreas, by treatment with the proteinase inhibitor FOY-305 which binds to activated trypsin and induces release of cholecystokinin
Highly expressed in the adaxial and abaxial cells of lamina joint under Pi-sufficient conditions (PubMed:29610209). Strongly induced by nitrate via PHR2-mediated transcription activation (PubMed:33316467)
Strongly repressed by phosphate (Pi) deficiency, with a faster protein degradation (at protein level)
Accumulates upon phosphate (Pi) deficiency, due to an increased protein stabilization (at protein level)
In liver and kidney, by glucocorticod hormones. Levels in the liver also increase 2-fold on animals fed on a high protein diet or during fasting. By hypoxia during cerebral ischemia
Induced by INA
Induced by jasmonate (JA) (PubMed:25005917, PubMed:28733419, PubMed:30610166). Induced by wounding (PubMed:28733419, PubMed:25005917). Induced by infection with the fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea (PubMed:28733419). Induced by coronatine (PubMed:25005917)
Specifically induced during senescence via a complex epigenetic processe involving histone methylation
Transcriptionally activated by MntR in response to manganese excess. Expressed at a basal level in the absence of MntR
By water stress
Induced during batch culture
Induced in primary T cells by activation with IL-2
Induced by homocysteine and other endoplasmic reticulum stress-inducing reagents. Induced by phorbol ester (TPA)/ionomycin, and stimulation of the T-cell receptor (TCR) complex in T-cells
Induced by drought (Ref.1, Ref.2, PubMed:25039074). Accumulates in dehydration-treated fruits (PubMed:19246595). Repressed after pollination. Inhibited by gibberellic acid (GA(3)) and auxin (4-Cl-IAA) treatments (PubMed:19322584). Induced by abscisic acid (ABA) (PubMed:19322584, PubMed:25039074). Up-regulated by salicylic acid (SA) in roots; this accumulation is repressed by salt stress (NaCl) with high SA treatment but with low SA (PubMed:25039074). Regulated by the NAC transcription factor NAP2 (PubMed:29760199)
By RhoA activation in cancer cells (at protein level)
Up-regulated by continuous blue light and fungal elicitor treatment. Not regulated by salicylic acid
Constitutively expressed at both 28 and 37 degrees Celsius, during transition into stationary phase, more highly expressed on plates than in liquid medium. Expression is RpoS dependent and repressed by H-NS
The onset of expression occurs at 60 h old stationary cultures and the steady-state levels correlates with the onset of aflatrem biosynthesis at 108 h (PubMed:19801473). Expression is regulated by nsdC (PubMed:26686623)
By glycerol supplementation as the sole carbon source in the minimal growth medium
By etoposide treatment, induction requires p53. Etoposide induces DNA damage in cells by inhibiting DNA topoisomerase II, and ultimately causes apoptotic cell death
Induced by fungal pathogen infection (e.g. F.verticillioide)
Up-regulated by immunosuppressive cytokine IL10 on dendritic cells and CD4+ T cells (PubMed:20448110). Up-regulated by progesterone in cytotrophoblasts (PubMed:16210391)
Repressed in presence of farnesol, probably through a intracellular decrease of diacylglycerol
Induced when grown on glutarate, and also moderately up-regulated by 5-aminovalerate (5AVA) and L-lysine
Expression in HC11 cells from midpregnant mouse mammary epithelium increases upon reaching lactogenic competency, and is down-regulated upon exposure to lactogenic hormones that induce milk protein (Beta-casein) expression. Up-regulated upon differentiation in corneal epithelium
Up-regulated by chemotherapeutic DNA-damaging agents and by p53/TP53 and/or by p73/TP73 in response to cytotoxic insults (PubMed:24652652). Up-regulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in monocytic THP1 cells (PubMed:20236627). Up-regulated in umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) cultured in THP1 monocyte LPS-induced medium
By viroid infection
Induced by hypoxia
By the presence of non-fermentable carbon sources and oxidative stress
By paraquat
Repressed during vernalization (PubMed:12724541). Regulated by HAM1 and HAM2 via epigenetic modification of chromatins at H4K5 acetylation during flowering (PubMed:23273925)
Transcription is repressed by NmtR. Induced by nickel and, to some extent, cobalt
By excess light treatment, by wounding and by heat-shock stress
Expression is repressed in iron starvation conditions and induced in high iron conditions and is controled by the hapX and sreA iron acquisition regulators (PubMed:26960149)
Repressed by saturated fatty acids such as palmitate and stearate in skeletal muscle cells. Induced by insulin and reduced by aging in skeletal muscle biopsies. Down-regulated in type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects as well as in pre-diabetics
Down-regulated by Zn(+2)
By phytohormones. Transiently by wounding
Expression is negatively regulated by the leucinostatins biosynthesis cluster-specific transcription regulator lcsF
Constitutively expressed. Expressed at a fairly constant level in cells undergoing glycolysis or gluconeogenesis
By nematode infection in roots. Down-regulated by salt stress in root meristem and replication blocking agents (hydroxyurea and aphidicolin)
Strongly induced when grown at 35 degrees Celsius
Expression is positively regulated by the cluster-specific transcription factor PfmaF
Increased under sterol-deprived conditions and decreased by the addition of exogenous sterols
Transiently up-regulated by fungal elicitors, peaking 6 hours after elicitor treatment
The ttgABC operon is repressed by toluene; this is mediated by TtgR. The ttgABC operon is induced in response to chloramphenicol and tetracycline
Expressed predominantly in exponential phase (PubMed:15985609). PknB levels are regulated in response to hypoxia; its expression is down-regulated during hypoxia and recovers to aerated levels upon reaeration (at mRNA and protein level) (PubMed:24409094)
In astrocytes after brain injury
By rice blast fungus (M.grisea) 48 hours after infection. Down-regulated by sucrose in excised leaves
Accumulates in roots, in a RAM1-dependent manner, during colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (e.g. Glomus versiforme)
Overexpressed in frontal cortex upon chronic lithium treatment
Up-regulated by SHR and by itself
Not detectable during the early stages of osteoclast differentiation induced by TNFSF11/RANKL (PubMed:17698421, PubMed:17988971). Up-regulated during the later stages of osteoclast differentiation (PubMed:20441802, PubMed:18508966, PubMed:17698421, PubMed:17988971). Up-regulated in macrophages and blood mononuclear cells treated with TNFSF11/RANKL
Induced 6 hours post pathogen infection in the area immediately neighboring the inoculated zone
Up-regulated by estradiol. Down-regulated by tamoxifen
(Microbial infection) Induced by HIV-1 infection
By yeast extract and dilution. Slight induction by glucan elicitor
Up-regulated in response to iron starvation. Negatively autoregulated. Also repressed by CcpA in stationary growth phase
By cold exposure and repressed by heat exposure
By light, auxin and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC)
Under oxidative stress on the mycelium by aromatic xenobiotics (guaiacol, hydroquinone, benzoquinone), and by copper salt at a concentration of 1 mM (growing mycelium)
The level of AmpE affects the basal level of beta-lactamase expression in the absence of AmpD and in the presence of the AmpR transcriptional regulator
Targeted to degradation by the host proteasome by VBF and Agrobacterium virF in SCF(VBF) and SCF(COI1) E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes after mediating T-DNA translocation to the nucleus
Expressed constitutively in cellobiose and glucose cultures
Down-regulated in crawling cells. Up-regulated in motility-defective cells
Repressed by H-NS, activated by LeuO. Activated by the BaeSR two-component regulatory system, possibly due to envelope stress. Part of the casABCDE-ygbT-ygbF operon
Down-regulated by at least 4 X-linked genes, termed X-signal elements including fox-1 and sex-1 (PubMed:9217163). High levels of xol-1 in males correlate with low sdc-2 expression, preventing dosage compensation. Conversely, low levels of xol-1 in hermaphrodites correlate with high sdc-2 expression and the assembly of the dosage compensation complex on the X chromosome
Expression can be repressed by GadX, depending on the conditions
In rich medium highest expression in exponential growth, expression decreases in stationary phase (at protein level)
By mechanical damage to nerve cells
In seeds, induced by jasmonate
Enzyme activity levels follow a circadian oscillation, reaching a maxima at the transition from day to night (diurnal rhythm)
Up to threefold after interferon treatment
Induced by UVB, wounding, ethylene and methyl jasmonate (PubMed:12218065). Induced by salt stress and heat shock (PubMed:12218065, PubMed:20383645). Induced by aluminum (PubMed:25627216)
By Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Up-regulated in aorta endothelial cells in response to complement activation
Expressed at all stages of early rust development (spores, germlings and infection structures developed on an artificial surface), with highest transcript levels present in haustoria
Constitutively expressed during hyperosmotic stress
Up-regulated by abscisic acid and drought
Induced by low concentrations of fructose, but not by sucrose. Repressed by glucose or high concentrations of fructose
Repressed by sucrose starvation
Induced under anaerobic and microaerobic conditions (PubMed:8955321, PubMed:30885932). This control is mediated by Fnr, NarX, NarQ and NarL (PubMed:8955321). Expression is not reduced by the addition of respiratory electron acceptors, including nitrate, under anaerobic conditions (PubMed:30885932)
By interferon-beta
(Microbial infection) Upon dengue virus infection
Part of the khtSTU operon. Induced by salt stress at alkaline pH
By interferon type I, type II and bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Little or no induction by IFNG/IFN-gamma is observed in monocytic cell lines. Induced by infection with hepatitis C virus, yellow fever virus and Sendai virus, presumably through type I interferon pathway. Induction by infection with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), stomatitis virus (VSV), chikungunya virus (CHIKV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) occurs independent of the IFN pathway
Not up- or down-regulated by cold
Highly induced by DNA-damage
Expressed in actively growing cells
Induced by growth on acetate
APF rose about 2-fold during the acute phase reaction
Is highly up-regulated by L- and D-alanine. However, it is likely that intracellular L-Ala is the signal for induction of the dadAX genes through DadR binding to several putative operator sites
Natural plant compounds carvacrol (CR) and trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC) strongly reduce the expression (PubMed:26217023)
Increased by DMSO and retinoic acid
The concentration of CRP in plasma increases greatly during acute phase response to tissue injury, infection or other inflammatory stimuli. It is induced by IL1/interleukin-1 and IL6/interleukin-6
Negatively regulated by H-NS. Positively regulated by IHF and EcpR
Constitutively low in all growth stages; repressed by detergent (3.5-fold). Induced by WhiB5
In the presence of glutamate in the medium, the expression is reduced five-fold, at high potassium concentration (5 mM) (PubMed:33481774). In the absence of glutamate, expression does not respond to the supply of potassium (PubMed:33481774)
Its expression is up-regulated in the presence of galacturonate and glucuronate (PubMed:23437267). Is also down-regulated in E.coli of mice fed a casein-rich diet (PubMed:22427493)
Upon nutrient starvation
Induced by infection with the root-knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne incognita and potato aphids
By elevated hydrostatic pressure
By methylviologen (MV), a superoxide radical generating drug
During exponential phase and in conditions antithetical to sporulation
Positively regulated by signaling through MPK1 in response to cell wall perturbation. Expression is also regulated by the SWI5 transcription factor
Not induced by vernalization
Light activation through pH changes, Mg(2+) levels and also by light-modulated reduction of essential disulfide groups via the ferredoxin-thioredoxin f system. In etiolated seedlings, induction occurs only after 8 hours of illumination
Up-regulated by TNF (PubMed:9488477, PubMed:10807909, PubMed:12379221). Up-regulated by IFNG. TNF and IFNG act synergistically to stimulate OPTN expression (PubMed:10807909). Induced by glucocorticoids, such as dexamethasone (PubMed:12379221). In an in vitro experimental setting, in which donor eyes are subjected to increased perfusion pressure (10 to 30 mm Hg) in the anterior chamber, there is no up-regulation in the trabecular meshwork at the transcript level for periods ranging between 1 and 24 hours (PubMed:12646749). However, exposure to continuous elevated pressure for several days shows an induction of OPTN expression, with a 56% increase after 7 days (PubMed:12379221)
(Microbial infection) Up-regulated in response to Sendai virus infection or double stranded RNA treatment (at protein level); the up-regulation is direct and not mediated through a response to type I interferons; this may negatively regulate the interferon response to RNA-activated antiviral signaling pathways
Transcription starts during stationary phase. Few foci are seen in exponential phase cells; the number of foci increases as cells enter stationary phase (at protein level) (PubMed:19383680, PubMed:23651456, PubMed:22753055). Few foci are seen on rich media, when cells are grown in minimal medium more foci are seen (at protein level) (PubMed:22753055). Expressed at low levels in rich media during exponential growth, more highly expressed in stationary phase on sporulation/biofilm-inducing media, activated by spo0A probably via AbrB (at protein level). Surfactin induces expression via spo0A (PubMed:25909364)
By brassinosteroid (BR), repressed by the BR biosynthesis inhibitor brassinazole (BRZ)
Accumulates strongly after pollination in whole ovaries. Induced by auxin (4-Cl-IAA) treatment and abscisic acid (ABA) (PubMed:19322584). First transiently repressed (1 day after treatment) and later induced (2 days after treatment) by abscisic acid (ABA) and dehydration (PubMed:25039074)
Not induced by wounding, methyl jasmonate, methyl salicylate or etephon
By high temperature but not by drought or anaerobic conditions
Up-regulated by TBF1 and upon milbemycins A3 oxim derivative (A3Ox) treatment
Expression is increased with increased iron
Expression requires SigE and SigH (PubMed:19376862, PubMed:20701538). Induced in response to environmental stress, such as redox stress, heat shock, acid shock, SDS stress and thioridazine (THZ) (PubMed:20701538, PubMed:19376862). Induced in host phagocytes (PubMed:20701538). Induced by hypoxia and reaeration (PubMed:25422323)
Not induced by pathogen or salicylic acid
Induced after transfer to photoheterotrophic conditions
Highly induced upon nitrogen starvation and during conjugation
Transcriptional activation requires MET4 as well as MET31 and MET32. Regulated by intracellular AdoMet levels. L-methionine regulates the abundance of MET30. The amount of MET30 regulates the activity of the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex SCF(Met30)
Circadian-regulation with peak levels occurring at the end of the light period in flowers; this expression is monitored by ODO1-mediated induction and by LHY binding and repression to cis-regulatory evening elements in its promoter (PubMed:15805488, PubMed:26124104). Triggered by EOBI in flowers (PubMed:23275577)
By de-achening. By injection with salicylic acid, with transcript levels increasing by a factor of 5-6 at 4 hours post-injection, remaining stable until 6 hours post-injection and falling below control levels at 8 hours post-injection. Down-regulated by synthetic auxin naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA)
Up-regulated in liver tumor tissues (at protein level)
Transiently by pathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas syringae. Faster level reduction following induction by treatment with the virulent compatible DC3000 strain than with avirulent incompatible strains
Expression increases during the exponential phase of growth and remains at a steady level up to the stationary phase
Upon inorganic phosphate (Pi) deprivation
Release is stimulated by hypoglycemia and inhibited by hyperglycemia, insulin, and somatostatin
Production by islet alpha cell is increased by IL6
Induced in response to nutrient ingestion
Induced in iron-deplete conditions (at protein level) (PubMed:29549126, PubMed:12888492). Repressed in iron-replete conditions by transcriptional repressor fep1 (PubMed:29549126, PubMed:12888492)
By UV radiation and heat shock. The mRNA is stabilized during stationary phase
In response to mating
By bacteria (E.coli and M.luteus)
Down-regulated upon treatment with dexamethasone. Not regulated by hypoxic conditions
Part of the glcDEFGB operon, which is induced by growth on glycolate, under the positive control of GlcC. Also induced by growth on acetate. Expression of the glc operon is strongly dependent on the integration host factor (IHF) and is repressed by the global respiratory regulator ArcA-P
Up-regulated by salt, osmotic and oxidative stresses. Up-regulated by abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA). Down-regulated by heat shock and dehydration stresses
By oxygen deprivation
Moderately induced by acrylate and dimethylsulfonioproprionate (DMSP), as well as by 3-hydroxypropanoate. Part of the acuR-acuI-dddL operon
By ozone-induced oxidative stress
Expression is increased by cadmium ans repressed by cysteine
By abscisic acid (ABA), salt and osmotic stress. Not induced by anoxia
By hepatitis C virus
By heat shock, and under conditions of deoxyribonucleotide depletion and DNA damage
Up-regulated by auxin. Down-regulated by paclobutrazol
Up-regulated by salicylic acid or upon turnip crinkle virus infection
Constitutively expressed at low levels
Down-regulated by the ribozyme Rz3'X. Up-regulated in colorectal cancer tissues
Expression is repressed by microRNAs miR-15b and miR-322, repressing muscle cell differentiation
Down-regulated by antioxidants BO-653 and probucol. Up-regulated by bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and TNF
Constitutively expressed. Not induced by hydrogen peroxide or by iron
Repressed by miR167
In aortic endothelial cells, induced by cytokines, including TGFB1
By phosphate limitation
Expression is induced in bean root exudates and water
Up-regulated during growth on erythritol, D-threitol or L-threitol relative to growth on glycerol
Up-regulated in the aerial parts by dark treatment, high CO(2) levels and necrotrophic pathogen infection
Down-regulated upon abscisic acid treatment
Follow a circadian regulation with higher levels in the light
Up-regulated by the Ca(2+)-regulated transcription factor NFATC4
Regulated by E2F (PubMed:16179646). Accumulates rapidly after cell cycle reactivation by sucrose addition following cell cycle arrest mediated by sucrose deprivation (PubMed:16179646, PubMed:15358564)
Expression increases during biofilm formation on n-hexadecane. Forms an operon with aupA
Induced by a wide range of growth factors and mitogens; IL2, IL3, IL4, IL7,IL9 and by interferon-gamma (IFNG)
Induced following infection
Up-regulated by 'SHORT-ROOT' (SHR)(PubMed:16640459). Strongly down-regulated by sugar deprivation, but not regulated by day-length
Expressed in late-exponential phase; part of the hipBA operon
Up-regulated in cultured aortic smooth muscle cells upon transition to a nodular, multilayered culture
Circadian-regulation with peak levels occurring in the morning under diurnal but not constant light conditions in a CCA1- and LHY-dependent manner
Overexpressed in diabetic db/db mice
A possible member of the dormancy regulon. Induced in response to reduced oxygen tension (hypoxia) and low levels of nitric oxide (NO). It is hoped that this regulon will give insight into the latent, or dormant phase of infection
Regulated both transcriptionally and post-translationally by the transcription factors NAC045 and NAC086
Induced by salt, drought and cold stresses, and abscisic acid (ABA)
Induced by chitin oligosaccharides but not by N-acetyl-D-glucosamine nor by other sugars
Induced by 3-aminobenzoate
Repressed by cycloheximide (CHX) and abscisic acid (ABA)
Repressed by miR-148a
By osmotic, ionic and heat stress, and by water-deficiency
Expression is up-regulated during infection of host tomato
By auxin, abscisic acid (ABA) and benzylaminopurine
Up-regulated by xylose. Subject to carbon catabolite repression (CCR)
Negatively regulated by AGAMOUS (AG) in floral organ primordia (PubMed:9150601). Induced by flagellin (flg22) (PubMed:20413097)
Up-regulated by ionizing radiation (IR)
Expression is regulated by E2FA and E2FB
Not induced by abscisic acid or by 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC)
By low-oxygen stress
Induced in roots during nodulation
Up-regulated in fibrolamellar carcinomas
Post-transcriptionally down-regulated by MqsR which acts on the ghoST transcript selectively, degrading the ghoS segment while leaving ghoT intact; conditions which induce MqsR (e.g. overexpression, nalidixic acid, azolocillin or H(2)O(2)) decrease ghoS expression and thus increase ghoT transcripts (PubMed:23289863)
Up-regulated during growth on acetate
Up-regulated by IL12/interleukin-12 on activated T-cells. IL12-activated cells expressed enhanced levels of DPP4 but not mRNAs. Down-regulated by TNF. Up-regulated in migratory endothelial cells and in the invasive endothelial cells in tumors. Induced by hypoxia (PubMed:16670267)
By auxin. Repressed by miR165 and miR166
By different stresses causing damage to the cell envelope, such as alkaline shock (PubMed:11454200), salt shock (PubMed:11544224), phage infection and certain antibiotics that affect cell wall biosynthesis (PubMed:12207695, PubMed:15870467)
Expression in the liver oscillates in a circadian manner with peak levels during the night
By the bacterial elicitor flg22, and bacterial and oomycete pathogens
Up-regulated by erythropoietin (at protein level)
Slightly induced by benoxacor, cloquintocet, fenchlorazol and fluorazol
Up-regulated by nitrate, but not by molybdate
Up-regulated during calcium-induced terminal differentiation of outer root sheath (ORS) keratinocytes
Down-regulated by pathogen and salicylic acid. Up-regulated by salt, gibberellic acid and methyl jasmonate. Not regulated by 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC)
By lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Down-regulated by cytokines IL1B; TNF and IL23 (PubMed:24743970, PubMed:29955092). Up-regulated in tears from patients suffering from different forms of dry eye disease (DED) (PubMed:29955092)
Up-regulated by wounding. Not induced by drought, high salt, low temperature or herbicide treatment
May be down-regulated by GNL2 (at protein level)
Up-regulated under phosphate starvation (PubMed:19566645, PubMed:24368504). Up-regulated during cold stress (PubMed:19508276)
By fnr. Autorepressed
By light. Down-regulated by dark
Expression is regulated by SEF1, SFU1, and HAP43
During conjugation and nitrogen starvation
Expression is highly induced during growth on D-arabinose. The promoter contains the conserved cis-regulatory element 5'-AACATGTT-3' ARA-box found in arabinose-induced genes
(Microbial infection) Accumulates after 0.5 to 6 h of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) infection
Does not show significant changes in expression throughout M.tuberculosis growth phases
Down-regulated of 40% in white adipose tissue of ob/ob obese mice
Constitutively transcribed at low levels, repressed by argR
Up-regulated by indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Effect of IAA is not affected by mannitol. Not up-regulated by fusicoccin
Induced by arabinose
By mating pheromones. By cells of the opposite mating type
Expressed in conidia but not in aerial hyphae or conidiophores
Expression is very low in cells grown in basal medium but increases significantly after a salt shock
During drought stress treatment
By soluble compounds from rhizobium (in cells through which the infection thread is migrating and also in cells that do not yet contain an infection thread)
Induced by its substrate heme and CoCl2
Expression is up-regulated during nitrogen starvation
Expression is regulated by neuronal activity
Up-regulated by bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS)
Up-regulated by manganese (PubMed:29453449). Up-regulated by lipopolysaccharides (at protein level) (PubMed:23403290, PubMed:28056086). Up-regulated by inflammatory cytokines like TNF (PubMed:12504855, PubMed:18390834). Down-regulated following phorbol ester treatment (PubMed:12504855). Up-regulated by zinc and T-cell activation (PubMed:19401385)
(Microbial infection) Up-regulated by live and heat-killed Mycobacterium bovis bacterial cell wall
Not induced after bacterial or Nod factor treatment
Induced by heat stress (PubMed:23994682). Induced by wounding (PubMed:23246835). Down-regulated by UV irradiation (PubMed:23246835, PubMed:23994682). Down-regulated by aluminum stress (PubMed:32989851)
Induced by poly(I:C) in gut but not in spleen (PubMed:31546038). Induced following infection with spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) (PubMed:31546038). Down-regulated following infection with bacterial pathogen Edwardsiella tarda (PubMed:31546038)
Induced under anaerobic and microaerobic conditions. Expression increases in the presence of hypoxanthine, xanthine and uric acid. Expression is reduced in the presence of nitrite and nitrate under anaerobic conditions
Induced about 50-fold on moving from rich to starvation medium. By CRP and cAMP in starvation medium. Translation increased by depletion of extra- or intra-cellular purine nucleotides in starvation medium. High levels of purine nucleotides by contrast decrease its translation under the same condition
In contrast to some bacterial and mammalian enzymes, MGT1 is not induced by alkylating agents
Expression shows a peak at the start of the cell cycle just before bud emergence in late G1 phase
By retinoic acid, in embryonic anterior brain and eye
Specifically activated by bHLH factors
Up-regulated progressively in the fat tissue as they develop diet-induced obesity (PubMed:12869692). Up-regulated in differentiating preadipocytes (PubMed:12869692)
Induced by growth factors (PubMed:2498083). Up-regulated in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus after 6 hours of exposure to pups (PubMed:8706134). Induced by cocaine in the striatum (PubMed:9294222). Induced by kainic acid (PubMed:23303048). Induced in the hippocampus by novelty exposure and spatial learning (PubMed:26446228)
Induced by cocaine in the striatum
Induced by cocaine in the striatum (PubMed:9294222). Induced by chronic social defeat stress, with resilient mice showing the greatest induction in both core and shell nucleus accumbens subregions (PubMed:20473292)
By fungal elicitor and calcium
Transcriptionally regulated by DesR/DesK in response to cold shock
Induced by cadmium in roots, but not in shoots
By progesterone. Induced by activated Ras, and this requires DMTF1. Repressed by non-classical inhibitors of NF-kappa-B signaling such as doxorubicin, daunorubicin and UVC, and by the NF-kappa-B p65 subunit (RELA)
Up-regulated by the PhoP/PhoR two-component system
Induced by light, detected at low levels in etiolated seedlings
Expression is under the control of the secondary metabolism regulator laeA (PubMed:17432932)
By maltose. Repressed by MalI
Induced in response to linearmycins and other polyenes via the two-component regulatory system LnrJ/LnrK
By 20-hydroxyecdysone (20HE) 106 hours after egg laying
Up-regulated by the synthetic glucocorticoid fluocinolone acetonide
Induced by short jasmonic acid (MeJA) exposure (48 hours), but repressed after a long exposure (120 hours)
Expression is under strict control of the medium composition. Induced by citrate, via the two-component regulatory system CitT/CitS. Repressed by rapidly metabolized carbon sources like glucose, glycerol and inositol, via the carbon catabolite repression system. Is also repressed by succinate and glutamate, albeit to a lesser extent
By 2-(p-chlorophenoxy)isobutyric acid (CPIB)
Accumulates after heat shock (HS) (PubMed:16500991, PubMed:23073024). Enhanced translation during recovery after heat treatment mediated by CLPB1 in a positive feedback loop (PubMed:23439916)
By heat stress. Expressed at a higher level in respiring cells than in fermenting cells (at protein level)
Down-regulated by methyl jasmonate
Expression is repressed by LfrR (PubMed:15215089, PubMed:17043130). Induced by ethidium bromide, acriflavine or rhodamine 123, via inhibition of LfrR binding (PubMed:17043130)
Up-regulated by dexamethasone (at protein level)
Accumulates upon the removal of flower heads and young leaves (PubMed:10598105). Triggered by jasmonic acid (MeJA) (PubMed:15604714, PubMed:9869416)
Up-regulated in leaves by salt stress, heat or cold treatments and abscisic acid
Induced by methyl jasmonate (MeJA), bacterial pathogens (e.g. Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato), high light and wounding
Triggered by wounding and jasmonic acid (MeJA)
Highly induced by iron deficiency
Regulated by vestigial (vg) in the wing
By salicylic acid (SA), by a bacterial pathogen infection or by oxidative stress. May be regulated by WRKY DNA-binding proteins at the transcriptional level
Probably part of the cry34Ab1-cry35Ab1 operon
Up-regulated by PPARG and during adipocyte differentiation
By integration of mouse mammary tumor virus
Light fluence rate-dependent induction, independent of light quality
By formaldehyde, under the control of HxlR. Not induced by methanol, formate, or methylamine
Up-regulated by cold, drought, salinity, abscisic acid and fungal infection
Down-regulated in differentiated embryonic stem (ESC) cells, compared with strong expression in undifferentiated ESC cells
Up-regulated by cold exposure
By rhamnose
Slightly up-regulated in response to acceptor limitation at photosystem I (PSI) in plants lacking of photosynthetic [2Fe-2S] ferredoxin (Fd)
By competence and DNA damage (PubMed:7798154)
Circadian-regulated, with a peak in expression just before the light period in short day conditions
Expression is correlated with levels of ribosomal proteins, thus periodic SHB17 expression coincides with the peak demand for ribose phosphate that occurs during ribosome synthesis
Induced by brassinolide
Up-regulated by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (at protein level) (PubMed:15793005). By bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and by p53/TP53 (PubMed:9305847, PubMed:10200294). In monocytes by the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) (PubMed:11274176)
(Microbial infection) By human cytomegalovirus infection
Repressed by thiamine
Up-regulated by light. Transiently induced during leaf and culture senescence
Up-regulated by heat schock
By trimethyltin (TMT), a trialkyltin compound which is a potent neurotoxic agent that selectively damages specific brain regions
Is expressed during exponential growth, with mRNA levels approximately half of the level of sigA
Not induced by low-humidity stress or by abscisic acid treatment
Highly up-regulated during the early stages of invasion of the human blood-brain barrier
Expression is highly up-regulated during all stages of pathogenic development (PubMed:21692877). Expression is positively regulated by the unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling via the binding of CIB1 to the UPRE motif localized at the PIT1/PIT2 promoter (PubMed:27093436)
Part of the 17-gene eut operon transcribed from a single promoter, positively regulates its own expression, induced by ethanolamine and adenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl, vitamin B12). This is the last gene in the operon and has a second weaker promoter that is constitutively transcribed at a low level (PubMed:10464203, PubMed:3045078, PubMed:1328159, PubMed:26565973) (Probable). Subject to catabolite repression; expression is substantially lower during growth on glucose than during growth versus succinate. Catabolite repression is overcome by adding exogenous cAMP to the glucose growth media (PubMed:1328159). Induced after phagocytosis by mouse RAW macrophages and in spleen in mouse infection; the whole eut operon is not induced (PubMed:26565973)
Accumulates in roots, in a RAM1-dependent manner, during colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (e.g. Glomus versiforme) (PubMed:23122845, PubMed:26511916). Triggered by RAM1 (PubMed:26511916)
Up-regulated during co-cultivation with L.plantarum
In macrophages, down-regulated by endocannabinoid anandamide/AEA
Expression is probably maintained throughout planktonic growth at a certain basal level, down-regulated during biofilm growth and promptly up-regulated when dispersal from the biofilm is imminent
mRNA expression is constant at all CO(2) concentrations tested, however more protein accumulates at 15% and 2% CO(2) than at 0.15% and 0.03% CO(2) (at protein level)
By oxidative stress (PubMed:11443091). Low expression in exponential phase, rises in stationary phase, translation is repressed by CsrA via translational coupling to the upstream open reading frame IdlP (at protein level) (PubMed:28851853)
Transient strong induction in response to cabbage leaf curl virus (CaLCuV) infection at an early stage
By senescence, dark, sucrose starvation, 3-O-methylglucose, salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate, methyl viologen and infection by the pathogens A.brassicicola and P.syringae pv. tomato
Induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and salicylic acid (SA) (PubMed:22268143). Early but transient accumulation after osmotic stress (e.g. polyethylene glycol, PEG) (PubMed:23815736). Up-regulated by E.amylovora (PubMed:22316300)
Up-regulated by P.aeruginosa, PAO1 strain and PA14 strain infection
Expressed at very low levels throughout growth
Down-regulated during differentiation
Up-regulated by light and down-regulated by norflurazon and lincomycin. Low expression in the dark
Up-regulated in response to chitosan within 15 min, peaks 8-fold at 2 h, and returns to basal levels by 8 h
By phosphate starvation in shoot
By accumulation of abnormal proteins, such as at high temperatures. Under stress conditions
By cytokines in response to infection. By IFN-gamma
Induced by gamma irradiation
By touch, salt and hydrogen peroxide treatments, drought stress, wounding, dark and infection by the bacterial pathogen P.syringae
Up-regulated by S-nitrosoglutathione under anaerobic conditions. Repressed by the global regulator Fur
Transcription is repressed by glucose and by the binding of AraR to the operon promoter. L-arabinose acts as an inducer by inhibiting the binding of AraR to the DNA, thus allowing expression of the gene (Probable)
By Al, primarily in leaf hydathodes and the phloem throughout the plant, along with the root cortex. Regulated positively by STOP1
Expression is induced in high iron conditions
By cold stress (PubMed:9735350). Subject to degradation by the 26S proteasome pathway in freezing conditions (PubMed:28344081)
In leaves by iron deficiency
Expression is induced by the AFT2 iron homeostasis transcription factor, as well as by 8-methoxypsoralen and UVA radiation
Cell cycle-regulated. Expression peaks during mitosis
By senescence, but not by heat shock
Up-regulated in response to oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide treatment
Activated in breast and prostate cancer cells. Activated by actinomycin-D induced DNA damage
By monoterpenes such as limonene and myrcene, but not by acetate
Induced by gibberellic acid (GA) and phosphorus (P), but repressed by brassinosteroids (BR), salicylic acid (SA) and nitrogen (N) (PubMed:24179095). Repressed by auxin (e.g. IAA and NAA) (PubMed:24179095, PubMed:27296247). Accumulates in roots in response to nitrate, nitrogen and ammonium chloride NH(4)Cl depletion (PubMed:24179096, PubMed:25324386). Induced in shoots by osmotic stress (e.g. mannitol) (PubMed:24179096)
Induced by ethanol
Expression is under the control of the CDA4 transcription factor. Induced by nitric oxide, high-iron conditions, during transition to filamentous growth, by contact with host macrophages, and during oral infection. Expression is repressed by HAP43 and CWT1
Up-regulated during gall formation induced by root-knot nematodes
Down-regulated upon IL2-mediated activation. Transcriptional activation correlates with reduced histone acetylation
Accumulates in response to thiourea (TU, a non-physiological thiol-based reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger), TU supplementation under salt stress (NT = NaCl + TU), hydrogen peroxide H(2)O(2) and H(2)O(2) supplementation under salt stress (NH = NaCl + H(2)O(2))
General decrease in dorsal root ganglia in response to injury from dorsal rhizotomy, with the greatest decrease evident 21 days post-injury, returning to comparable levels 1 year post-injury (PubMed:28270793). Decreased in dorsal root ganglia in response to sciatic nerve transection 3 days post-injury, returning to comparable levels 14 days post-injury (PubMed:28270793)
Only expressed at detectable levels in conidiating cells, but not in vegetative hyphae or yeast cells (PubMed:11994146)
By 2-ethoxyphenol
Gas vesicles are abundant in low light, and collapse after exposure to high light
Expression is sigma A-dependent
Present at much lower (<5%) level than hcp-3 (at protein level)
Part of both a high- and low-molecular weight complex with other proteins from the ptox and cry loci. Encoded in the ptox locus, possibly in an ntnh-orfX1-orfX2-orfX3-pmp1 operon
Up-regulated in activated satellite cells and in the regenerating muscle (PubMed:19406121). Down-regulated by MSTN in skeletal muscle (PubMed:19406121, PubMed:18255059, PubMed:23516508). Down-regulated by dexamethasone by a MSTN (PubMed:23516508)
Repressed by the microRNA 159 (miR159); the production of miR159 is stimulated by the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) (PubMed:21441434). Activated by ARID1 in male germline cells via specific histone acetylation regulation (e.g. H3K9Ac) (PubMed:25057814)
Induced by either urocanate or N-formyl-L-glutamate
Induced by growth on trimethylamine but not methanol or monomethylamine. Part of the mtbC-mttB-mttC and mtbC-mttB-mttC-mttP-mtbB1 operons
By methyl jasmonate (MeJA) (PubMed:21332845). Induced by drought and salt stresses (PubMed:19618278)
By treatment with KCl and serotonin
Highly expressed in fracture tissue, particularly in osteoblasts, osteoclasts and chondroblasts
By darkness, ethylene, cytokinin and heat stress
Up-regulated in response to NaCl treatment
Expression is positively regulated by MtrR (PubMed:10447892, PubMed:14645274). MtrR acts by modulating the expression of the regulatory protein FarR, which directly controls the expression of the farAB operon (PubMed:14645274)
Up-regulated in embryos by all-trans retinoic acid at the prim-5 stage (24 hpf) in more anterior regions of the neural tube, especially in the midbrain, with weaker expression in the forebrain and in the eye primordium
Down-regulated by pathogen, salicylic acid and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC). Up-regulated by salt, gibberellic acid and methyl jasmonate
By red (R) light and far-red (FR) light in dark-grown seedlings. Not induced by abrasion
Down-regulated at high glucose levels of 10 and 25 mmol/liter glucose with highest expression at low glucose levels of 3 mmol/liter
Transiently induced in response to mild-acid conditions
Up-regulated by continuous red light
By IV-HSL via the transcriptional regulator BjaR1
Expression is slightly induced in late log phase
Induced by light. Circadian regulation with a peak of expression at dusk (PubMed:25711711). Down-regulated by abscisic acid (ABA) and brassinosteroid (BR) (PubMed:25711711)
microRNA 396 (miR396a or miR396b) negatively regulates growth-regulating factors (GRF1-4 and GRF7-9)
By the fungal pathogen B.cinerea and an avirulent strain of P.syringae pv tomato
In response to elevated hydrostatic pressure
Expression seems not to be induced during iron deprivation (PubMed:18404210)
Expressed strongly at the early stages of host infection (up to 24 hours after infection) but subsided quickly afterward
Induced by estrogens and suppressed by androgens (By similarity). The expression is under the influence of pituitary growth hormone and thyroid hormone. Synthesis influenced by aging
Expression enhanced by contact with host cell wall. Also regulated by HrpRS and HrpL
Repressed by the miRNA miR-JAW (PubMed:12931144). Induced by blue light. Stabilized by light but labile in darkness due to proteasome-dependent proteolysis (at protein level) (PubMed:26596765)
By herbivory
Induced by DNA damage cues including gamma-irradiation, and UV and hydroxyurea treatment
Degradation of tRNA(fMet) is induced by chloramphenicol treatment, suggesting the antitoxin is unstable when the growth rate decreases
Regulated during cell cycle progression
Not induced by cold-shock
By hydrogen peroxide and infection with the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain DC3000
Expression is induced in complex medium (CM) in which putrescine is both nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) source, in defined media (DM) with putrescine as the N source and glucose as the C source, DM with ammonium or nitrate as the N source and glucose as the C source, and in nitrogen starvation media (NS) without the N source and glucose as the C source (at protein level). Not expressed in CM in which yeast extract is both the N and the C source (at protein level). Constitutively expressed at different growth phases in CM in which yeast extract is both the N and the C source and in DM with ammonium or nitrate as the N source and glucose as the C source. Also constitutively expressed in NS regardless of the nitrogen deficiency time (48, 96 or 120 hours). Expression may be regulated at post-transcriptional level (PubMed:34439822). Expression is down-regulated in CM with 40 mM glutamine in the mid-exponential phase after nitrogen starvation for 72 hours (PubMed:32296946)
Negatively regulated by TTP family members: TTP binds to the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of PLK3 mRNAs, contributing to the rapid degradation of transcripts
By the pathogen elicitor flagellin 22 and by benzothiadiazole (BTH), a synthetic activator of the salicylic acid (SA)-dependent immunity (at protein level)
Expressed in exponential and stationary phases
By CSF2/GM-CSF, IL5/interleukin-5 and n-butyrate
Negatively regulated by the microRNA (miRNA) let-7 which causes degradation of the mRNA encoding this protein. This requires a let-7 complementary site (LCS) in the 3'-UTR of the mRNA encoding this protein (PubMed:17890240, PubMed:24239284). Down-regulated by retinoic acid in Tera-2 cells (PubMed:15722555)
Expression is positively regulated by brlA, a conidiation-specific transcription factor involved in the early stage of asexual development and necessary for conidiophore formation (PubMed:24612080)
Up-regulated by momilactone B (PubMed:26058145). Not regulated by light (PubMed:19060111). Up-regulated by abscisic acid (PubMed:22610367)
Is constitutively expressed (PubMed:8606183). Is repressed by the presence of glycolate (PubMed:9880556). GlcC exerts an autogenous repression on its own gene (PubMed:9880556)
By double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)
Expression invreases increased 4-5 days after inoculation, but is not detected during spore formation
By interferon type I, type II and LPS. Interferon alpha induction is rapid and transient, peaks 4-6 hours after stimulation and returns to basal levels 24 hours after stimulation. Interferon gamma elicits a more prolonged response where expression remains elevated 48 hours after stimulation. Induced by infection with Vesicular stomatitis virus and pseudorabies virus, presumably through type I interferon pathway
Efficiently transcribed only during growth on ethanol plus succinate
Up-regulated in livers of rats fed on a high carbohydrate diet
Induced by methyl jasmonate and feeding with the herbivore Manduca sexta caterpillars
Expression is switched on about four to five hours after the onset of sporulation, a time that corresponds approximately to the stage of spore coat synthesis and deposition
Part of the SigD-controlled yvyF-csrA operon and the SigA-controlled fliW-csrA operon (PubMed:17555441). Expressed from the SigA operon at low levels during log phase, with a 5-fold increase as the culture transitions to stationary phase, peaking 1 hour later
Transactivated by MYB28
By abscisic acid, H(2)O(2), heat treatment, dehydration and high salt, but not by cold treatment, 2,4-D, ACC, methyl jasmonate or salicylic acid
Expression is induced upon voriconazole treatment (PubMed:24123268). Expression is also induced in triazole-resistant isolates (PubMed:32209680)
Expressed specifically highly during conidia germination and in the marginal growth regions of colonies
By salt stress. Follow a circadian regulation with higher levels in the light
Isoform 1: Expressed in the light (PubMed:29129375). Isoform 3: Expressed in the dark (PubMed:29129375)
Repressed by HAN
Down-regulated by endoplasmic reticulum stress treatment
By Agrobacterium
Repressed by phosphorothioate modified antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotides (PS-ODNs), which acts against the mRNA of glutamine synthetase
By certain acidic polysaccharides found in carrot root extract. This induction may be regulated by the polygalacturonase (By similarity)
Up-regulated upon nematode infection
Glucose or phosphate starvation, and addition of decoyinine. Also by heat shock, salt stress and oxidative stress
Expression is hihghly increased in nitrogen starved hyphae, as well as in invasive hyphae (PubMed:28067330)
Induced as part of the humoral response to a bacterial invasion (PubMed:2390977). Transcripts appear within one hour after injection of bacteria into the hemocoel, reach a maximum after 2-6 hours and have almost disappeared after 24 hours (PubMed:2104802). Similar response is seen when flies ingest bacteria present in their food (PubMed:2104802)
Slightly down-regulated by chemically-induced ER stress response
Up-regulated by all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) in several tumor cell lines
Expressed constitutively and induced by high temperatures dependent on transcription factor HSF1. According to PubMed:2674684, it is constitutively expressed at low levels, however, due to the specificity of the antibody, this result is unsure
Up-regulated by brassinosteroids and gibberellins (PubMed:23020777, PubMed:29258424). Up-regulated by auxin (PubMed:16901781, PubMed:16371470, PubMed:29258424). Up-regulated by phototropism and gravitropism in the region of the hypocotyl farthest form the incident stimulation (PubMed:16371470). Transcriptionally regulated by ARF7 (PubMed:16371470). Down-regulated by abscisic acid and methyl jasmonate (PubMed:23020777). Induced by zeatin (PubMed:29258424)
Increases to maximal levels upon transition from exponential to stationary phase
By fungal elicitor and UV irradiation
Expression is induced in response to DNA replication stress
By auxin under dark condition. Down-regulated by auxin under light condition
By feeding with high-fat diet and cold exposure. By beta-3-adrenergic receptor activation and thyroid hormone treatment
By thiosulfate
Induced by calcium shortage
Highly expressed in presence of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)
By wounding, drought and salt stresses, benzothiadiazole (BTH), ethephon, methyl jasmonate (MeJa), hydrogen peroxide, abscisic acid (ABA) and incompatible and compatible races of rice blast fungus (M.grisea) and rice bacterial blight (X.oryzae)
Expressed at high levels in the presence of carboxymethylcellulose and repressed in the presence of glucose
Down-regulated in primary B-cells early after ligand-stimulated activation. Up-regulated in bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-stimulated peritoneal macrophages
Expression is induced by HAP43, by osmotic stress, by oxidative stress, by heavy metal stress, and during biofilm formation
Repressed by Li(+)
Induced by potassium starvation in roots. Down-regulated by sodium
By jasmonic acid (JA) and infection with rice blast fungus (M.grisea)
Constitutively expressed. Not induced by meso-2,6-diaminopimelate
By lipopolysaccharide (LPS), four hours after treatment levels show an increase in many tissues. After 12 hours maximum levels are observed in the heart
Induced by sodium, lithium and potassium
By fibronectin
Induced by jasmonate (PubMed:11500565, PubMed:9342878). Induced by coronatine (PubMed:11500565, PubMed:16008101). Induced by 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) (PubMed:11500565). Induced by wounding (PubMed:11500565, PubMed:9342878, PubMed:18247047). Induced by abscisic acid (ABA) (PubMed:9342878). Induced by the cell wall elicitin from the non-pathogenic biocontrol agent Pythium oligandrum (PubMed:19304739)
Expression is induced at the beginning of the stationary phase, which is consistent with the timing of compactin production (PubMed:12172803). Expression is controlled by the ML-236B/compactin cluster transcription regulator mlcR (PubMed:12436257, PubMed:18667169)
Up-regulated 48 hours after estrogen treatment mainly in the uterine endometrial stroma (PubMed:12063187). Induced in ovarian granulosa cells after 12 hours treatment with chorionic gonadotrophin (CG). Further up-regulated in corpora lutea by the luteotrophic hormone PRL (PubMed:12960062)
Expressed constitutively with similar lebels in swollen conidia, germlings and hyphae (PubMed:21062375)
(Microbial infection) Down-regulated at 6 hours post infection, and then up-regulated until 48 hours post infection in spleen cells in response to Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) infection
By gibberellin in germinating seeds
Accumulates strongly in response to blue light due to reduced preventing 26S proteasome-mediated degradation in an ADO1/ZTL and ADO2/LKP2 dependent manner, but levels decrease in the absence of blue light via 26S proteasome degradation (at protein level)
Up-regulated by menadione. Up-regulated by the transcription factor LTF isoform delta-lactoferrin (at protein level)
Constitutuively expressed (at protein level)
Down-regulated during yeast-to-hyphal transition and by fluconazole. Induced during cell wall regeneration following protoplasting and highly overexpressed after treatment with micafungin
Expression is not affected by lovastatin or fluconazole
Peaks during G1 and S phases of the cell cycle in U2OS cells. Up-regulated in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), adenocarcinoma (AC), colon, ovary, rectum and stomach tumors
Down-regulated upon hypertonic conditions
Down-regulated by light
Neither up- or down-regulated in response to zinc ion contamination and in response or to mixed metal ion contamination (cadmium, copper, lead and zinc)
By mechanical wounding, treatment with jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA) and benzothiadiazole (BTH), and in response to infestation by the rice striped stem borer Chilo suppressalis and rice leaf folder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis
Regulated in response to oxygen
By interferon (IFN)
By exposure to dioxygen and hydrogen peroxide
Induced upon calcium influx (PubMed:26663079). Expression is regulated by neuronal activity (at protein level) (PubMed:18815592, PubMed:22194569, PubMed:24201284, PubMed:24855953). Induced in CA3 region of the hippocampus after contextual learning (PubMed:22194569). Induced following sensory input in newborn olfactory bulb interneurons (PubMed:25088421). Induced in the medial prefrontal cortex cells of the brain following experiences with positive valence (PubMed:27238022). Induced in pancreatic beta cells in response to calcium influx (PubMed:26663079). Down-regulated by REST (PubMed:24291638). Transcripts are regulated by a subset of miRNAs, such as miR-203, miR-224 and miR-744, that bind to its 3'-UTR region and down-regulate its expression (PubMed:24291638, PubMed:27189618)
Induced in muscle by wounding
Encoded in an operon with groES, groEL, ydiM, ydiO and ydiP. This operon is heat-inducible
Inhibited in nutrient-poor medium
Not induced during nodulation. Up-regulated upon pathogen infection
Differentially expressed during meiosis
By glucocorticoids in lymphoid cells and upon IL4, IL10, IL13 or glucocorticoid treatment in monocyte/macrophage cells. Transiently induced by IL2 deprivation in T-cells. Expression is up-regulated by synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone in differentiating myoblasts (By similarity)
By arsenate As (V) (PubMed:18684332). Accumulates in response to abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellic acid (GA), cold, and drought stresses. Induced by various salt treatments such as NaCl, KCl, MgCl(2), MnCl(2) and ZnCl(2) (PubMed:20061304). Expressed during leaf senescence (PubMed:20966154)
Regulated by EFG1, NRG1, and TUP1. Expression is increased with increasing cell density and during host infection. Expression is repressed by linalool
Up-regulated by insulin in cultured embryos
By heat shock, by salicylic acid (SA), by abscisic acid (ABA), by calcium, by hydrogen peroxide, and by pathogen B.cinerea attack. Up-regulated by HSFA2
Expression is regulated by changes of iron conditions with an increase in low iron. Transcription is negatively regulated by SFU1
Regulated positively by RAM1 during arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) formation after inoculation with AM fungi (e.g. Rhizophagus irregularis and Glomus intraradices)
Induced by ethylene in roots (PubMed:23134674, PubMed:24312429). Induced by auxin in roots. Down-regulated by abscisic acid (ABA) and paclobutrazol (PubMed:24312429)
By L-carnitine or crotonobetaine
Up-regulated by oxidized LDL and hypoxia in macrophages
Upon iron deprivation. Induced by ethylene, particularly in root tips and hooks of ethiolated seedlings. Promoted by ozone O(3). Accumulates in response to very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs C20:0 to C30:0). Induced in roots by nitric oxide (NO)
Expressed at the postexponential growth phase; regulated by the DegS-DegU system
Induced in roots by ammonium supply
Up-regulated upon H(2)O(2) or salt treatments
By nitrate or fumarate under anaerobic conditions
By polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) in liver and kidney
Up-regulated in aerial parts by 8 hours exposure to darkness, whereas longer exposure down-regulate expression in both roots and aerial parts
Expression is regulated by ClgR
Expression is highly induced by propionate. Also induced by ethanol. Transcription is subject to CreA-mediated carbon repression
Synthesized during pathogen infection or other stress-related responses
By dimethylsulfonioproprionate (DMSP) and acrylate
Rapidly and strongly induced by lowering the ratio of red to far-red light
Highly expressed at multiple time points in both early and late stages almost the entire host infection process
Slightly induced in pollen upon high-temperature exposure (HTE)
In liver, is down-regulated by adiponectin and by the PPARA agonist, fenofibric acid
By fungal pathogens such as Phytophthora infestans and Botrytis cinerea. Promoted by ethylene in the vascular cylinder of primary roots and in the root cortex in the root/hypocotyl junction zone
Circadian regulation with a peak of expression at dawn under continuous light conditions (PubMed:17653269). Circadian regulation with a peak of expression around dusk and lowest expression around dawn under continuous light conditions (at protein level) (PubMed:17653269)
Induced by nitric oxide. Negatively regulated by Fnr and Fur, but no obvious Fnr or Fur binding sites were found, suggesting that this regulation could be indirect
By mating pheromones
Up-regulated by hexamethylene bisacetamide (HBMA)
By ozone, benzothiadiazole (BTH) and infection with the bacterial pathogen P.syringae pv. maculicola. Down-regulated by nitric oxide
Expression is induced by nicotinate and 6-OH nicotinate and is subject to nitrogen metabolite repression mediated by the GATA factor areA (PubMed:29212709)
Expression is induced in response to IFNG/IFN-gamma (PubMed:8702776, PubMed:11500431, PubMed:12438372). Expressed in response to Toxoplasma gondii infection (PubMed:12438372)
Expression is negatively regulated by velA (PubMed:20543063). Expression is stimulated by the polyamines 1,3-diaminopropane (1,3-DAP) and spermidine (PubMed:23089625)
By nitrogen-limiting conditions
By phytate
Expression is significantly repressed by leucine and moderately repressed by isoleucine
Expression independent of the iron status
Up-regulated by okadaic acid and genistein
By salicylic acid (SA), menadione and, to a lower extent, by 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), benoxacor, cloquintocet, fenchlorazol and fluorazol
Overexpressed during heart failure
By a combination of a neural inducing signal (nog/noggin) and a posteriorizing signal (retinoic acid). Inhibited in the neural plate by foxd5
Expression is sigma F-dependent
CtsR autoinduces its own synthesis by derepression of the clpC operon after heat shock
Down-regulated by high succrose; via the repression of bZIP11. Up-regulated by proline and salt or drought stress
Levels of expression are constitutively high during infection and spore formation
120-fold increase in transcription when crude oil is used as a sole carbon source instead of sucrose
Expression is cell-cycle regulated. Expressed during mitosis from the prophase to the telophase
Amplified and overexpressed in a number of cancers (at protein level)
Expression decreased by the copper-sensing transcription factor MAC1
Induced by low light (LL) but repressed by high light (HL). Inhibited by cold
Induced in early phase of liver regeneration. Expression is maximally increased 6 hours after partial hepatectomy, both at the liver RNA level and at the plasma protein level
Expression in specific regions of the developing brain is negatively regulated by its antisense mRNA. In particular, down-regulated in pyramidal and granule cells in the hippocampus during early differentiation and the migration stage
Up-regulated by glucose. Down-regulated by heat stress. Positively regulated by LEC2 and by NGA3. Negatively regulated by SPL
Induced by ionizing irradiation and treatment with a cross-linking reagent, cisplatin
Expressed in aerobic conditions and under genotoxic stress (PubMed:10601195, PubMed:15878181). Expression is increased during respiratory growth and regulated by the heme activator protein transcriptional activation complex (PubMed:24318983)
Appears to be constitutively expressed in various carbon sources
Reduces by glucose (PubMed:21046358). Up-regulated during vascular smooth muscle cell de-differentiation by IL1B (PubMed:16741924)
By p53
Up-regulated by DNA damage and oxidative stress (PubMed:24399300). Down-regulated by iron excess treatment (PubMed:25624148)
Expression is activated by AHL signals in a positive-feedback loop
Induced by dehydration, in rosette leaves but not in roots (PubMed:10972874, PubMed:28188272). Induced by hydrogen peroxide H(2)O(2) and aldehyde treatment (PubMed:28188272)
Expressed during sexual development (PubMed:16278459). Is not expressed during infection of wheat plants (PubMed:23290226). Expression is positively regulated by the fusarielin biosynthesis cluster-specific transcription factor FSL7, probably via its binding at the 5'-CGGNNNCCG-3' motif present in the promoter of all the cluster genes (PubMed:22252016)
Expression is induced in the presence of fluconazole and up-regulated in azole-resistant strain (PubMed:15820985). Expression is positively regulated by the transcription regulator HAP43 (PubMed:21592964). Expression is also induced by N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (PubMed:22406769). Expression is repressed during spider biofilm formation (PubMed:22265407)
By exogenous short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Up-regulated by glucose (Ref.6). Down-regulated by STKL1 and STKL2 (PubMed:27031427)
By light (PubMed:15326282, PubMed:27729721). Accumulates within two hours in etiolated seedlings exposed to light (PubMed:27729721)
Up-regulated in islets of obese hyperglycemic db/db mice
Up-regulated by growth on xylan
Accumulates by 2 hours post-innoculation with maximal expression at 4 hours, and has disappeared by 8 hours in rich media (PubMed:18948176). Slightly different results were found in another study; in rich medium, expression increased slowly over time and was maximal at 6 hours. In minimal medium without glucose expression decreased as growth progressed, while in minimal medium plus glucose expression was constant during growth. SR5 antitoxin RNA is always present at levels equal to or in excess of toxin mRNA. Responds to a number of different stresses; ethanol, methanol and isopropanol and pH 9.1 stress cause a rapid loss of bsrE and SR5 mRNA, Fe(2+) limitation and pH 5.3 stress increases the SR5 RNA while oxygen depletion decreases SR5 with no effect on bsrE mRNA. Heat shock at 48 degrees Celsius causes a gradual decrease in bsrG mRNA (PubMed:26940229)
Up-regulated only marginally in response to chitosan
Is repressed by the transcriptional regulator PtsJ
Associated with aluminum toxicity
Up-regulated in nephrectomized kidney
Induced in response to heat shock (45 degrees Celsius), pH 10, hyperosmolarity and starvation (PubMed:18227175). Repressed by WhiB1, activated by Cmr (PubMed:22464736)
Expression is the highest at the mycelium stage
Expression is up-regulated in nutrient-rich media and cell-free insect hemolymph
Down-regulated in the dark
Controlled by zygotic patterning genes
Rapidly induced after wounding
Induced by hydroxyurea
Down-regulated by IFNG/IFN-gamma (at protein level). Induced in breast cancer tissue. Up-regulated by sulforaphane in breast cancer cells
Circadian-regulated, with a peak in expression at 8 hours light time on a 12 hours light/dark cycle (at protein level) (PubMed:21976480). Induced by heat shock. Down-regulated by infection with the bacterial pathogen P.syringae (Probable)
Induced by MurNAc 6-phosphate that releases the repressor MurR from the DNA. Also up-regulated by the cAMP receptor protein crp via the binding of crp-cAMP to a class I site upstream of the murQ promoter. Repressed by MurR in the absence of MurNAc 6-phosphate
In conditions of increased oxidative stress, the protein is stabilized, increasing its mature intramitochondrial form and thereby protecting COX from oxidatively induced degradation
By blood feed
Down-regulated in response to mixed metal ion contamination (cadmium, copper, lead and zinc), but not in response to zinc ion contamination
Expression is up-regulated during co-cultivation of A.fumigatus with Streptomyces rapamycinicus that triggers the production of the polyketide fumigermin during the bacterial-fungal interaction
Down-regulated by UV-B
Up-regulated by wounding and upon pathogen infection
At low level by auxin
Weakly induced by high osmolarity but not by trehalose. Expression is partially dependent on RpoS
Induced by anoxia (PubMed:24385935). Induced by paraquat, a chemical causing production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (PubMed:24385935)
By acetate as carbon source in the growth medium. Is inactivated by addition of glucose (catabolite inactivation)
In response to methylmercury
Expressed during growth in host lung and brain, and during growth in presence of epithelial cells (PubMed:24355926). Induced in presence of high free iron (at protein level) (PubMed:27159390). Induced during growth in high glucose (at protein level) (PubMed:27159390). Induced in presence of 3-hydroxybutyric acid (BHB) (at protein level) (PubMed:27159390)
By methyl methanesulfonate
Up-regulated by retinoic acid treatment in embryonic carcinoma cells. Present at low levels in untreated cells
Induced by chloramphenicol (Chl), erythromycin (Ery), paraquat (Par), rotenone (Rot) and salicylic acid (SA)
Mainly activated by FadR, but minor repression is also conferred by FabR (PubMed:11859088, PubMed:21276098)
In brain areas affected by ischemia
By the macrolide rapamycin in a TOR-dependent manner
Expressed at 28 degrees Celsius in stationary phase
Expressed under many growth conditions, up-regulated in macrophages
Constitutes an operon together with PA2783. Its expression is up-regulated in biofilms, while it is poorly expressed in planktonic cells
In response to injury of the body wall of the larvae
By the isoflavone genistein
By wounding of the leaves (at protein level). Expressed in unwounded leaves on day 7, indicating factors in senescence may up-regulate the expression (at protein level) (Ref.4). By plant hormone methyl jasmonate (MJ) in leaves and to a lesser extent in petioles, but not in stems or roots (at protein level) (PubMed:9249986). In leaves, both local and systemic expression is induced by mechanical wounding. Increased expression is detected in wounded local leaves after 6 hours, but expression decreases at 12 hours after wounding (PubMed:9249986, Ref.2, PubMed:12746543). An increased expression is also detected in the opposite non-wounded half of the main vein of leaves and in neighboring non-wounded leaves. Not induced by treatment of leaves with 20 uM abscisic acid (ABA), 1% NaCl or 6% sucrose (PubMed:9249986). In response to wounding in leaves, up-regulated by MJ, ethylene (ET) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), via activation of the MAPK signaling cascades (Ref.2, PubMed:12746543, PubMed:17971062, PubMed:25063862, PubMed:30824008). Up-regulated by synthetic plant peptide hormone hydroxyproline-rich glycopeptide (HypSys IV) upon wounding through the action of jasmonate and H(2)O(2) (PubMed:26924170). Down-regulated by nitric oxide (NO) produced by the NO synthase (PubMed:12746543)
By wounding in cauline leaves, stems, and siliques, but not in rosette leaves
During respiratory growth
Up-regulated in the kidney in renal diseases (at protein level)
By 20-hydroxyecdysone during the three larval stages, at pupariation and in pupae
Expression is regulated by the MAP kinase PMK1, which is a key regulator of the infectious process
By glucose, fructose and sucrose (PubMed:22561114). Induced by abiotic stresses (PubMed:22561114)
By septic injury
Regulates its own expression during larval development (PubMed:24184105). Transcriptionally regulated by transcription factor lim-6 in RIS interneuron in all developmental stages (PubMed:26949257)
Up-regulated by EGF; delayed early response target for EGF (at protein level)
By gibberellin (GA3), submergence and wounding
Expressed in presence of xylose. Repressed in presence of glucose through the action of the creA transcription repressor
Up-regulated during erythroid differentiation and heme biosynthesis (PubMed:17006453, PubMed:22294697). Up-regulated by cellular porphyrins (at protein level) (PubMed:17006453). Up-regulated in red blood cells under anemic condition (PubMed:22655043). Induced by sodium arsenite in a dose-dependent manner (PubMed:21266531)
By EPO/erythropoietin
Induced by hyperosmotic stress
Expression in the liver oscillates in a circadian manner
Up-regulated by ozone and salt stress
In seedlings by transition from dark to light. Up-regulated during senescence
Up-regulated by IL3 and CSF2. Up-regulated in murine embryonal carcinoma cells in response to retinoic acid treatment. Levels reach a maximum after 4 hours, are decreased after 8 hours and are back to maximum after 12 hours. Levels are decreased after 24 hours and back to basal levels after 48 hours. Expression remains constant in retinoic acid-treated embryonic stem cells
Down-regulated by auxin under light condition
Up-regulated by cold stress
By copper ions
Repressed by miR172 after photoperiod changement
By heat shock, UVB, salt, wounding, ethylene, methyl jasmonate, abscisic acid, H(2)O(2) and salicylic acid (PubMed:12218065). Induced by cold stress (PubMed:28351986)
Expressed in spores as well as during host plant infection
Expression induced by PrfA; expressed in bacterial growth medium at very low levels in the absence of extra copies of prfA (at protein level) (PubMed:8878044, PubMed:8641748, PubMed:8975898). Transcription induced upon a shift to growth in minimal medium and also in infected mouse cells; expression is low 1 hour post-infection and reaches its maximum 5 hour post-infection (PubMed:8878044). Detected by 5 hours post infection in human Caco-2 cells (at protein level) (PubMed:19767742). In infected HeLa cells expression increases gradually over time (at protein level) (PubMed:20855622)
Induced by the powdery mildew pathogen Erysiphe cichoracearum (PubMed:12920300). Accumulates upon infection with the downy mildew Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis, the powdery mildew Erysiphe orontii, and the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae. Present only in or around the main veins of cotyledons and leaves infected by H. arabidopsidis (PubMed:25376907). Induced by salicylic acid (SA) (PubMed:23959884, PubMed:25376907). Accumulates in senescing leaves (PubMed:23959884)
Expression is induced by nicotinate and 6-OH nicotinate, subject to nitrogen metabolite repression mediated by the GATA factor areA, and strictly regulated by the cluster-specific transcription regulator hnxR (PubMed:29212709)
Expressed during exponential growth, part of the mntA-hepT operon. Under autocontrol by MntA
Induced by iron starvation conditions and during infection of human THP-1 macrophages. Transcriptionally repressed by IdeR and iron
Induced by L-arginine in the absence of ArgR, via the AruR/AruS two-component regulatory system
Up-regulated in response to all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) (PubMed:12409287). Up-regulated in tear fluid of patients suffering from dry eye disease (PubMed:26559477). Up-regulated in response to the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL1B and TNF, and the bacteria E.coli and P.aeruginosa (PubMed:26559477)
Induced by the ECF sigma factor SigM
By T helper 2 (Th2) cytokines such as IL-4, IL-13 and IL-10. In tumor-infiltrating dendritic cells by prostaglandin E2
Constitutively expressed at a low level, not induced by salicylate
Expressed at 28 degrees Celsius in late stationary phase, more highly expressed on plates than in liquid medium. Expression is RpoS-, CsgD- and DgcM-dependent
Negatively autoregulated; induced by anaerobic growth in the presence of NO
In roots by ABA in an ABI1-dependent manner and by osmotic stress (e.g. sorbitol) in an ABI1-independent manner, but in leaves by low humidity (at protein level). Also induced by salt stress
By phenylacetate (PhoAc), 2OH-PhoAc, 3OH-PhoAc, 4OH-PhoAc, phenylalanine, and tyrosine. Not induced by acetate or glutamate. Expression is partially repressed by glucose
Negatively regulated by the microRNA miR-132
Following DNA damage. Down-regulated in renal cell carcinomas
Expression level is unaffected by H(2)O(2); however Gsp rapidly accumulates in E.coli in the presence of H(2)O(2)
Up-regulated in regenerating neurons after nerve injury
Up-regulated during osteoclast differentiation
Induced in the presence of MTBE or tert-butyl alcohol (TBA)
By wounding and jasmonic acid (MeJA)
Down-regulated in response to the thiol oxidant diamide
By UV irradiation, X-rays, growth arrest and alkylating agents. The induction is mediated by some kinase(s) other than PKC
Down-regulated in breast and lung cancer cell lines
Induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Interferon gamma (IFNG) decreases expression
Represses its own translation via the N-terminus (at protein level)
Up-regulated by full-length CEBPA
Expressed during meiosis
Expression is decreased by polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)
Expression is induced early during infection of P.infestans
Is not up-regulated in the hippocampus by acute social defeat stress or glucocorticoids stimulation
Thermally induced and down-regulated in the presence of calcium
Induced by transcription factors DAL81 and STP1, which are activated by a signal initiated by the plasma membrane SPS (SSY1-PTR3-SSY5) amino acid sensor system in response to external amino acid levels
Down-regulated during megakaryocytic differentiation of K562 cells by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) (at protein level). Up-regulated in normal PBMCs by mitogens
By xylan
Up-regulated in differentiating adipocytes (PubMed:17118936). Isoform 2 maximal expression level during the neural differentiation of P19 cells treated with retinoic acid (RA) is estimated to be 2.5-fold of the expression level of the untreated cells and it is detected 1-2 days after RA treatment and it decreases steeply thereafter to the basal level. Isoform 2 expression level increases steeply after 1 day of RA treatment and is estimated to be 4.2-fold of the original level at 0 hours (PubMed:16352598)
Induced following infection. Induced in response to LPS and interferon
Up-regulated by light and by auxin. May be up-regulated by E2FA
Highly expressed, but only in cells subject to sulfur limitation, and it is turned on by the positive-acting 'Cys-3' sulfur regulatory protein
By osmotic stress, cold stress, citric acid, and in presence of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS)
By bacterial infection. Detected within 24 hours of infection
Detected at low levels in preovulatory follicles. Up-regulated in preovulatory follicles during luteinization 12 to 36 hours after stimulation with human chorionic gonadotropin. Up-regulated in granulosa cells 12 to 39 hours after stimulation with human chorionic gonadotropin. Detected at low levels in corpora lutea. Detected at constant low levels in theca interna
Highly up-regulated in the presence of isethionate
Down-regulated in breast cancer patients with poor prognosis
Transcript levels increase when cells are grown in the absence of iron. Protein levels increase when cells are grown in the absence of iron
By interferon type I, type II and LPS. Induced by infection with viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), presumably through type I interferon pathway
Expression is induced by HHP stress
Up-regulated by heat stress (at protein level)
Induced by a ribosomal frameshifting mechanism in response to increased levels of intracellular polyamines
By IFN-alpha and IFN-beta. Upon stimulation the regulatory phosphorylated alpha and beta subunits assemble with the gamma subunit and translocate from the cytoplasm to the nucleus
Its expression is increased by bacterial challenge
Up-regulated by NKX2-2 and NEUROG3
Is transcribed only in the presence of nicotine under the control of the transcriptional activator PmfR. Forms part of an operon with nepA, folD, mabO and purU
By FGF7
Regulated by epigenetic histone methylation on H3K9me in a KYP and CMT3-dependent manner
Expression is sigma K-dependent and negatively regulated by GerE
Transcriptionally regulated by VirB (InvE)
During darkness conditions
Down-regulated in cultured insuloma cells after dexamethasone treatment
By E2f
Expressed during growth in culture; expression increases from lag to exponential phase. Has a weak SigL-independent promoter, is also weakly autoregulated, no other sigma factor allows its transcription. Forms an operon with rslA
SP1 transcription factor binds to the ABCB8 core promoter region, possibly regulating its transcription
By Spo0A during nutrient starvation (PubMed:12817086). Repressed by AbrB during regular growth when nutrients are plentiful, in association with the transcriptional repressor Abh
Under conditions of nitrogen-limited growth, repressed by TnrA
By abscisic acid (ABA), salt, salicylic acid, wounding, and fungal infection
By cold (PubMed:28723567). In hepatocytes, expression is increased following incubation in a ketonic medium (PubMed:30530497)
Expression is inhibited by PKA activity and is subject to glucose repression (PubMed:17703972). Expressed primarily in conidia (PubMed:12409104). Expressed and secreted during germination and early growth (PubMed:16376592, PubMed:17703972)
Expression is positively regulated by the cluster-specific transcription factor hmgR
Expression is increased in the absence of the C-24(28) sterol reductase ERG4 (PubMed:22947191). Expression is positively regulated by the FgSR transcription factor that targets gene promoters containing 2 conserved CGAA repeat sequences (PubMed:30874562)
Inhibited by Hg(2+), p-chloromercuribenzoate and Ag(+)
Induced by methyl jasmonate in roots (PubMed:12369619, PubMed:19002761). Down-regulated by auxin (PubMed:8038607). Accumulates upon the removal of flower heads and young leaves (PubMed:8038607)
Expressed in hyphae. Regulated by the EFG1 and TUP1 transcription factors
Repressed by fur in the presence of iron (By similarity). Transcriptionally up-regulated by hydrogen peroxide
Strongly up-regulated in response to cold in fat cells; expression is dependent on cAMP
By ABA
By glucose (PubMed:24625790). Induced by salt, drought stress and methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) treatment (PubMed:17158162)
In leaves after iron deprivation
Induced by taurine. Positively autoregulated
Induced anaerobically by phenylalanine, phenylacetate or phenylglyoxylate
Up-regulated in the midgut epithelium in response to bacterial uracil
Significantly inhibited by Al(3+) and Co(2+), moderately by Zn(2+) and not by Mg(2+), Ca(2+), Mn(2+), EDAT or EGTA. Competitively inhibited by UDP
By ethanol
By the unfolded protein response pathway. Accumulation of unfolded proteins in the ER leads to splicing of the hac1 precursor mRNA to produce the mature form
By light and growth factors
Circadian-regulation with a peak in the middle of the morning. Induced by nitrate and sucrose in roots. Down-regulated by ammonium, glutamine, asparagine and aspartate in roots
Induced by excessive iron, but repressed by iron deficiency. Induced by heat, darkness, osmotic stresses and acid abscisic (ABA)
Up-regulated by indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and fusicoccin. Effect of IAA is however nullified in 0.25 M mannitol, which prevents cell expansion without affecting auxin action per se
Expressed predominantly on cells from early exponential phase of growth. Up-regulated by sigma-B factor during early growth stages but not in later stages, although this positive effect on transcription is most probably indirect. Up-regulated by SarA. Down-regulated by Agr
Levels of toxin expression vary greatly among strains. Highly leukotoxic strains (JP2-type strains) produce more LtxA protein and ltx mRNA than minimally leukotoxic strains (652-type strains). Variations are probably due to different types of promoters
By DNA damaging agents such as gamma irradiation, adriamycin or taxol in lymphoid cells, but not by stress stimuli such as heat shock. This induction of protein expression does not occur at the RNA level, and does not require new protein synthesis
By stressful environmental conditions such as salt stress, AgNO(3), and sulfur deficiency
In response to loss of mitochondrial DNA in a transcription factor PDR3-dependent manner. Induced in response to altered glycerophospholipid asymmetry of the plasma membrane in a transcription factor PDR1-dependent manner (By similarity)
Induced by high temperatures (25 degrees Celsius)
Strongly induced by auxin in a IAA14/SLR1 and ARF7 dependent manner, especially in xylem pole pericycle cells, lateral roots initiating cells
Up-regulated by stimuli that trigger unfolded protein accumulation in the ER (UPR) (e.g. DTT or tunicamycin)
Induced by spermidine
This transcript is too unstable to be able to determine its expression levels. The whole antenna complex is most highly expressed under low light; as the light levels increase antenna complex levels decrease. Thus at least in this strain the amount of antenna complex is controlled mostly at a post-transcriptional level. Transcription decreases upon iron starvation
Up-regulated by nitrogen limitation
Levels are following a circadian rhythm oscillated under day/night cycles with higher levels during the night
Synthesizes gas vesicles at all stages of growth in media containing 15-25% NaCl, but not in 13% NaCl. This gene is highly transcribed in all salt levels tested, excpet for very low expression in stationary phase. Longer transcripts able to cover the whole locus are detected at much lower levels. The protein is expressed in both 13% and 20% NaCl (at protein level)
Down-regulated by mitogen stimulation of PBMC and spleen T-cells
By interleukin-3 (IL3)
Expression is constitutively high and slightly induced during the late infection stages (approximately 1.5-fold)
Up-regulated upon DNA damage
Induced by ultraviolet and ionizing radiation through a cep-1-dependent mechanism
Under heme-deficiency conditions. Heme-deficient induction requires ROX3
Up-regulated in cells treated with agents that damage DNA or block replication. This up-regulation seems to be independent of transcription
Strongly up-regulated in the anterior midgut and the posterior midgut in response to bacterial uracil
Up-regulated on cholate
By IFNG and IRF1
By iron deficiency in roots
Upon seed imbibition, increased GA levels in the epidermis reduce DELLA proteins (e.g. GAI/RGA2, RGA/RGA1/GRS and RGL2/SCL19) abundance and release, in turn, ATML1 and PDF2 which activate LIP1 expression, thus enhancing germination potential
Up-regulated 5-fold during chondrocyte terminal differentiation
Repressed by KRYPTONITE/SUVH4, member of the histone H3-K9 methyltransferase family that contributes with other factors to the CpNpG methylation of the SUP gene resulting in its silencing. The alternative epigenetic states of the SUPERMAN locus have been called Clark Kent alleles. Positively regulated at an early stage of development by LEAFY and by B class homeotic proteins APETALA3 and PISTILLATA. Later expression is maintained by both the B class homeotic proteins and the C class homeotic protein AGAMOUS. These two steps of regulation require the intervention of additional factors
Induced by the DNA-damaging agents etoposide and neocarzinostatin
Expressed predominantly by the mycelial cells. Also induced during cell wall regeneration and biofilm formation. Repressed by fluconazole
By stress conditions e.g. heat shock and by hyperosmotic environments
Expression is down-regulated during biotrophic growth within tomato leaves (PubMed:27997759). The expression is induced at later stages of infection when conidiophores emerge from the plant and produce conidia (PubMed:24465762)
By TLR7 and TLR9 stimulation
Positively regulated by TnrA under nitrogen-limited conditions. Induced by ArfM
By oxidative, osmo- and heat stress
Transcriptionally repressed by zur (zinc uptake regulator), in response to high extracellular zinc concentrations
By methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and abscisic acid (ABA). Down-regulated by salicylic acid (SA), the ethylene precursor ACC, drought, wounding and mannitol treatment, and in both etiolated and dark-adapted seedlings
Induced by NaCl in roots and shoots (PubMed:10395929, PubMed:14988485). Induced by KCl in roots and shoots (PubMed:14988485)
In the presence of beta-lactam antibiotics, MRSA cells produce this unique PBP in excessively large amounts and can still proliferate, while all the normal PBPs are inactivated (reversible switching ability of PBP formation)
By gamma-radiation (PubMed:12894227). By bacterial infection (PubMed:20505310)
Expression is increased by rapamycin, which mimics nitrogen starvation by inactivating the TORC1 complex
Regulated by phosphate, probably through its PHO4-binding elements in the promoter
The level of expression increases 2.2-fold, 5 hours after exposure to radiation, and returns to near a base line 5 hours later
Up-regulated in cardiac hypertrophy and hypoxemia
Up-regulated by cold stress. Circadian regulation. Induced by hydrogen peroxide (at the protein level)
Down-regulated in response to DNA-damage (PubMed:19581926). Induced upon influenza infection (PubMed:36379255)
Directly up-regulated by SCARECROW (SCR), as part of the differentiation program controlled by SHORT-ROOT (SHR)
Up-regulated during differentiation of preadipocytes into adipocytes upon treatment with a combination of glucocorticoids and INS
May be an IRF6-target
Up-regulated by sre1 in response to absence of oxygen
By dithiothreitol-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response
Expressed during stationary phase in minimal glucose medium (PubMed:19121005), induced by EDTA, strongly repressed on shifting from minimal glucose to minimal glycerol medium (at protein level). Induced under zinc-limiting conditions in stationary phase; repressed by the zinc uptake regulatory protein Zur
By replication stress, in chromatin. Probably degraded by the proteasome upon Thr-186 dephosphorylation
By auxin, sucrose, oryzalin and the nematodes Heterodera schachtii and Meloidogyne incognita in roots. Down-regulated by abscisic acid (ABA) and hydroxyurea
Induced in the hemolymph by septic injury caused by dorsolateral puncturing with a needle contaminated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) solution (PubMed:25182719). Induced in the salivary glands by feeding (PubMed:23624615). Induced in the fat body and the grease coupler of the salivary glands in response to oral ingestion of S.aureus and P.aeruginosa (PubMed:23624615)
Induced by ribose and repressed by RpiR
Cell cycle regulated. Up-regulated at the G1/S phase transition and then decreases rapidly as cells progress into S-phase
Repressed by itself and by the cAMP receptor protein crp
Up-regulated by chitin or cellulases elicitors
Specifically induced by H.schachtii (cyst nematodes) in nematode-induced syncytia
Expression is induced in the hypothalamus and olfactory bulb after feeding
Up-regulated in microglia cells and macrophages by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Up-regulated by infection with M.smegmatis
Induced by heat in roots, but suppressed in shoots (PubMed:29272523). Accumulates in response to cold, drought, oxidation stress and salt (PubMed:29272523)
Expression is up-regulated during oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) infection and during stationary phase. Repressed by HOG1, BCR1 and hydrogen peroxide
By homocysteine (HC), may mediate accelerated synthesis of free thiol-containing proteins in response to HC-induced oxidative stress. Also induced following exposure to ionizing radiation
Following chronic low dose of ionizing radiation, expression is up-regulated in male spleen and down-regulated in female spleen (at protein level)
Up-regulated at mRNA and protein levels during transition from exponential to stationary phase
Is 10-fold down-regulated during log phase and strongly induced at the diauxic shift. Expression remains high during the postdiauxic phase and continues into stationary phase. Is also up-regulated during the presence of cadmium ions
By various antibiotics or by sodium salicylate
Is part of the operon cntOLMI that is negatively regulated by zinc level through the Zur repressor, which leads to transcriptional activation of this operon under zinc depletion
Repressed by estrogen
Induced by salt and drought stresses, and hydrogen peroxide
Is highly up-regulated during growth on sulfoquinovose, compared to growth on glucose or succinate (at protein level)
In the hypothalamus, expression is induced in response to feeding
By sucrose in the dark. Down-regulated by starvation
Repressed by the transcriptional regulator CecR
By UV light, methyl methane-sulfonate (MMS) or hydroxyurea (HU), and during meiosis
Induced by estrogens and suppressed by androgens
Constitutively expressed during exponential phase, normoxic and hypoxic stationary phase
Constitutively expressed. The level of slaA transcription is much higher than slaB
By pollination
Up-regulated by growth on oleic acid. Repressed by FadR and by the cyclic AMP receptor protein-cAMP (CRP-cAMP) complex
By DNA-damaging treatments such as MMS, cisplatin and gamma-radiation
By Spo0A (PubMed:12817086) and PhoP, during nutrient starvation, especially phosphate starvation. Repressed by AbrB during normal growth when nutrients are plentiful, in association with the transcriptional repressor Abh
Induced during growth on sulfolactate or taurine
Repressed by caspofungin
Induced in the intestine by Gram-positive bacteria M.nematophilum CBX102 and UV336 and M.luteus DMS20030 infection but not by Gram-negative bacterium P.aeruginosa PAO1 infection (PubMed:27525822). Induced in the intestine, pharynx and vulva by Gram-positive bacterium S.aureus infection (PubMed:20617181). Induced by Gram-positive bacterium B.subtilis (PubMed:20617181). Induced by starvation (PubMed:27525822)
Repressed by glucose-hexokinase treatment (PubMed:16199612). Induced by heat stress (e.g. 37 degrees Celsius) (PubMed:17085506, PubMed:18055584). Accumulates in response to 3-oxo-octanoyl-homoserine lactone treatment (3OC8-HSL), a bacterial quorum-sensing signal (PubMed:22995300). Regulated by light (PubMed:24884362)
By jasmonic acid and ethylene
By two classes of mesoderm inducing factors: transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) family and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)
Up-regulated in the plasma by adiponectin in healthy fasting female
By streptozotocin and fasting in skeletal muscle
Expression is regulated by sirodesmin (PubMed:15707846). Expression is co-regulated with the other genes from the sirodesmin cluster and corresponds with sirodesmin production (PubMed:15387811)
Suf operon is under both the Fe-dependent Fur repressor and the oxidative stress dependent OxyR activator
Up-regulated in response to low levels of glucose and anoxia-reoxygenation stress. Up-regulated by trichostatin A. Down-regulated in response to high levels of glucose. Down-regulated by histone deacetylation in several tumors
Expression is up-regulated during fruiting body formation (PubMed:24942908)
Expression enhanced by contact with host cell wall. Also regulated by HrpRS and HrpL (By similarity)
Expression is induced upon voriconazole treatment (PubMed:12135575, PubMed:15504870). Expression is increased in clinical azole-resistant isolates (PubMed:26933209, PubMed:28080217, PubMed:29124846). Expression is down-regulated by tetrandrine and posaconazole in a synergistic manner (PubMed:28080217)
By terpenes such as sclareolide and sclareol, and by some phytohormones such as jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene. Strongly induced by compatible pathogens such as the fungus B.cinerea, and the bacteria P.syringae pv tabaci, as well as by non pathogenic bacteria such as P.fluorescens, and P.marginalis pv marginalis. Weak induction by incompatible pathogens such as P.syringae pv syringae (at protein level)
Accumulates in leaves in response to UV-A
Up-regulated by auxin (PubMed:14729917, PubMed:16901781). Up-regulated by phototropism in hypocotyls, with a higher level on the shaded side (Ref.10)
Not induced by pathogen infection, but down-regulated by dark treatment
By salt stress, osmotic stress, metals and heat treatment. Up-regulated by abscisic acid (ABA) and auxin
Strongly induced by cold (PubMed:8260628, PubMed:15144380, PubMed:12481097, PubMed:18808718). Accumulates in response to abscisic acid (ABA) (PubMed:8260628, PubMed:21673078). Accumulates during compatible but not during incompatible interactions with the downy mildew pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis, and thus belongs to compatible specific (CS) proteins (PubMed:19656045)
Levels of ENO2 increase dramatically in cardiovascular accidents, cerebral trauma, brain tumors and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
(Microbial infection) Activated by human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) UL38 in order to provide the virus with glycosyl building blocks
Induced by hyperosmotic shock
Up-regulated by iron excess
Repressed in O(2) deprivated (hypoxia/anoxia) conditions
Induced by bile acids
In the liver and kidney, by peroxisome proliferator, via the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and by fasting
By methyl jasmonate (MeJA) (PubMed:21332845). Induced by abscisic acid (ABA), and drought and salt stresses (PubMed:19618278)
Induced by transcription factor ZAP1 in response to zinc deficiency
(Microbial infection) Reduced by T.gondii in the testes and uterus
Expression is induced in the presence of caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, protocatechuic acid, and benzoic acid
Down-regulated by cold (PubMed:25146936). Up-regulated by treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (PubMed:23593031). Up-regulated during the dark phase of the diurnal cycle (PubMed:19154206). Regulated by the transcription factor WRKY46 and up-regulated by light (PubMed:24773321)
By pheromone (alpha-factor)
The promoter contains putative CRE1 binding motifs 5'-SYGGRG-3' and expression is differentially regulated in light and darkness by CRE1 (PubMed:28809958). Photoreceptors BLR1 and BLR2 negatively regulate the expression, while ENV1 exerts positive regulation (PubMed:28809958). Moreover the SOR biosynthetic genes show a mechanism of positive feedback on each other in darkness (PubMed:28809958)
Rapidly induced after activation of T-cells. However, the gene continues to be expressed in long-term cultures of activated T-cells
Up-regulated by inhibitors of histone dacetylation
Synthesis of this protein in the hepatic parenchymal cells is induced in vivo by androgens, glucocorticoids, growth hormone, and insulin, and inhibited by estrogens
By tobacco mosaic virus infection, wounding, UV light, salicylic acid and ethylene
Up-regulated in peripheral blood B-cells by IL4 and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
Up-regulated during adipocyte differentiation
Up-regulated in stented coronary arteries (at protein level)
By GATA1 which binds to GFI1B promoter in cooperation with the transcription factor NFYA. Target gene of transcription factor E2-alpha/TCF3 that promotes growth arrest and apoptosis in lymphomas
By heat shock treatment
Expressed, albeit at a very low level
By salicylate
By galacturonate, tagaturonate and fructuronate. Its expression is subjected to catabolite repression by glucose
Up-regulated during the period of mesangial cell migration and proliferation that follows mesangial cell injury
Up-regulated in the presence of nitric oxide, reactive oxygen intermediates, mitomycin C, cephalexin or during growth in macrophages (PubMed:16942606). Expression is strongly DNA damage inducible independently of RecA (PubMed:16885473). Down-regulated under hypoxic growth conditions (PubMed:16942606)
Induced during stationary phase
Up-regulated by estrogen in the uterus of ovariectomized animals, with strongly increased expression detected in luminal epithelial cells at 6 and 12 hours after hormone injection
Upon DNA damage by agents such as ionizing radiation, UV and actinomycin D. Activated by p53/TP53
In fruits, up-regulated by gibberellic acid (GA3) or by cold treatment during storage
The transcript levels are constant during infection
Expressed during infection and the expression levels increase with disease progression
By hypoxia in many cultured cell lines
Expression is induced by neuronal activity in the developing cerebral cortex: expression is driven by the presence of a enhancer sequence only present in primates that binds the MEF2 transcription factors (PubMed:27830782)
By choline chloride
Expression increases in mesenchymal cells at fracture sites during healing. Also highly expressed in chondrocytes and osteoblasts at newly formed cartilage and bone
Induced by high salinity and cold stress. Induction is mediated by SigB, the master regulator of the general stress response
Up-regulated by IFNG/IFN-gamma and IRF1 (at protein level). Up-regulated by TNF (at protein level). Up-regulated by tetrodotoxin (TTX) in glial cells. Up-regulated in Crohn's bowel disease (CD). Down-regulated by the selective inhibitor PR-957. Down-regulated in mature dendritic cells by HSV-1 infection. Up-regulated by heat shock treatment
Induced by IGF-I
Upon brain ischemia it is up-regulated in ischemic tissues and more specially in neocapillaries (at protein level). Up-regulated upon hypoxia
Expression is induced by the unfolded protein response (UPR) and controled by the UPR-specific transcription factor CIP1
By elicitor from R.solani
By photooxidative stress
Repressed by tryptophan
By myb
Not induced by light or iron
By the bacterial pathogen X.campestris
By glucose, sucrose and fructose
Weakly expressed in glucose or malate minimal medium
Expression is induced by DSF signal, via the RpfC/RpfG two-component system
Induced by infection with the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000
Activated by GATA18/HAN
By heat shock and other environmental stresses
Expression is up-regulated by exogenous molting hormone (beta-ecdysterone) and down-regulated by exogenous juvenile hormone (JH) III in the silk gland and fat body of the fifth instar larva
Increased contractile activity leads to a decrease in SERCA1 expression, while decreased contractile activity leads to an increase in SERCA1 expression
Expressed during isotropic growth (swelling) but not during polarized growth (germ tubes and hyphae) (PubMed:20382249). Expressed exclusively in the later stages of conidiation and in blastospores when M.anisopliae is living as a saprophyte (PubMed:20382249). During infection processes, is also expressed by appressoria on the cuticle surface and hyphal bodies inside the insect haemocoel (PubMed:20382249)
Isoform 2 is down-regulated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells
Transcriptionally regulated by the AceR regulator (PubMed:29481596, PubMed:32636271). Strongly induced by the short-chain diamines cadaverine and putrescine. Only moderately induced by the triamine spermidine and weakly induced by the tetraamine spermine (PubMed:31416917). Expression is also induced by more than 10-fold in response to chlorhexidine exposure (PubMed:24277845, PubMed:29481596)
Locally and systemically induced by pathogen infection and locally only by mechanical stresses
Only expressed in stationary phase
By salt treatment in cotyledons
By nitrosative and osmotic stresses
Expression increases as the cells enter the stationary phase, with a statistically significant peak at the late stationary phase. A similar increase in the mRNA levels is found in the sporulating cells
Up-regulated in periinfarct ventricular myocardium
Up-regulated in stored tubers 8 hours after wounding and by jasmonate. Down-regulated in growing tubers containing already high levels of LOX1.5 at the time of wounding
Induced by the cytokinin 6-benzylaminopurine
By unfolded protein response (UPR)
Induced in both roots and shoots by potassium starvation (Ref.1). Down-regulated by salt stress in roots (PubMed:20028724)
Repressed by presence of biotin, under control of BirA. Probably part of the bioY-yhfST operon
Repressed in glucose and ethanol media, but induced under peroxisome proliferation conditions in methanol and oleate media
Isoform 2 is induced by fungal elicitor, Ca(2+) ionophore, mastoparan, and the Ca(2+)-ATPase inhibitor BHQ. Induction by fungal elicitor strongly reduced by treatment with the Ca(2+) channel blocker BAPTA
Up-regulated in fibroblast primary cell cultures under stimulation by IFNG/IFN-gamma, TNF and IL6/interleukin-6
By PHYA under continuous far-red light. Circadian-regulation under constant light. Up-regulated by red, far-red and blue light, and during the night phase under short-day conditions
Induced under oxidative stress conditions
By salicylic acid (SA) and infection by a crucifer-infecting tobamovirus (TMV-cg)
By polychlorinated phenols
Expression is under the control of transcription factor XYR1 and highly induced by xylan, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), and hop cell wall
Significantly induced under copper-limiting conditions
In macrophages, strongly induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Levels reach a maximum 6 hours after exposure to LPS and are lower, but still much increased after 12 and 24 hours
Increased expression in glioblastomas and on wounding, in basal keratinocytes. This expression is calcium ion-dependent
By IL1/interleukin-1
Under the regulatory control of the MalT protein
Repressed by retinoic acid (RA)
Up-regulated by concanavalin-A stimulation
Transcription decreases during mid-log phase and is maximal during stationary phase
Induced at stage III of sporulation
Induced by phenobarbital and repressed by 3-methylcholanthrene or dexamethasone
Induced under anaerobic conditions and by hydrogen peroxide stress. It is also dependent on induction by ResDE, Fnr and ArfM
Under the control of the iron homeostasis regulating AFT1 and AFT2 transcription factors. Up-regulated upon SUB2 overexpression
Induced in roots after inoculation with Mesorhizobium loti (PubMed:17071642, PubMed:23335614, PubMed:24329948). Induced in roots by infection with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis (PubMed:23926062)
Induced in the shoot apical meristem (SAM) during vernalization
Down-regulated by cholesterol loading of macrophages
Not induced by heat shock or wounding
Down-regulated by parathyroid hormone
Expressed with a pronounced diurnal rhythm characterized by a peak at the end of the day and early night (at protein level). Slightly induced by sucrose (Suc)
Up-regulated in response to interleukin-3 (IL-3) withdrawal-induced apoptosis of 32Dcl3 cells (derived from bone marrow)
Induced by wounding (PubMed:17085687, PubMed:17273867). Induced by oral secretion of the herbivore Manduca sexta caterpillars (PubMed:17273867). Induced by treatment with JA-Ile (PubMed:17085687)
Up-regulated by BMP2
By insulin (at protein level)
Expressed during exponential growth. Transcription is transiently activated within 40 min after induction by benomyl and other toxic chemicals. Multidrug resistance and PDR5 mRNA level are activated by the transcription regulators PDR1, PDR3, YAP1, YAP2, STB5 and by the mitochondrial rho zero mutation. Mutations or deletion in the PDR1 or PDR3 transcription factors strongly activate PDR5 mRNA and PDR5 translation. The transcription regulator RDR1 represses PDR5 expression
Up-regulated in response to infection with influenza A virus
Transiently induced by thiol-oxidant diamide, under direct control of SigR. Also induced when MSH is oxidized or conjugated
Constitutively expressed but is up-regulated by exposure to atomospheric oxygen in an OxyR-dependent manner
During regeneration of liver
Up-regulated after exposure to ionizing radiation and other genotoxic agents. Up-regulation is mediated by p53
Induced by L-arabinose, and to a lesser extent by D-glucose or a nutrient-rich medium
Induced by auxin, but repressed by potassium (K) and nitrogen (N) (PubMed:24179095). Accumulates strongly in the roots under nitrogen depletion, and in the shoots under nitrate limitation (PubMed:24179095, PubMed:25324386). Also induced by osmotic stress (e.g. mannitol and NaCl). Strongly repressed in roots by carbon dioxide CO(2) (PubMed:24179095)
By IFNG/IFN-gamma and IFNB1/IFN-beta (PubMed:9862701, PubMed:18025219). Up-regulated upon infection by T.gondii or L.monocytogenes (PubMed:18025219). By IRF1 in response to bacterial infection (PubMed:25774715)
By acidic conditions. Expression is regulated by a complex system involving RpoS, cAMP, CRP, EvgAS, H-NS, GadE, GadW and GadX. The level of involvement for each regulator varies depending upon the growth phase and the medium
Expression in Sertoli cells is repressed by germ cells
Up-regulated during vascular injury, in atherosclerosis and in diabetes
By light stress, drought and salt stress
Expressed in light grown cells, strongly repressed post-transcriptionally by UV-C light, repressed by H(2)O(2) and SeO(4) but not by SeO(3) (PubMed:15225304)
By xylan and xylose
By brassinolide (BL), auxin and dark treatment
Induced by auxin in an ABP1-dependent manner (PubMed:21223392, PubMed:29258424, PubMed:27999086). Triggered by brassinosteroids, including brassinolide (BL) (PubMed:29258424, PubMed:30649552). Accumulates in reduced red/far-red light ration (R:FR) conditions mimicking shaded conditions (PubMed:29258424). Repressed by abscisic acid (PubMed:29258424). Induced by light (PubMed:31325959)
By a musk indanone elicitor that mimics herbivory (PubMed:27662898). By corn leaf aphid feeding (PubMed:26378100)
Induced by pathogen infection and salicylic acid
Up-regulated by copper
Expression is specifically up-regulated during biotrophic development (PubMed:21976020). CMU1 is one of the most highly expressed fungal genes during plant colonization (PubMed:20360107)
Expression is induced by DNA-damaging agents such as methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) or dimethyl sulfate (DMS) (PubMed:18485869, PubMed:25847245). Massively induced by cyanamide (PubMed:25847245)
By muramyl-dipeptide and lipopolysaccharide
Peaks of expression occur during the endosporulation stage
Up-regulated by karrikins treatments (PubMed:20351290). Under MAX2-dependent negative feedback regulation (PubMed:23893171)
By auxin in roots
Induced 1.3-fold by hydroxyurea
By 4-NP
Induced by thermal stress
Up-regulated by elicitor, salicylic acid and virus infection
Down-regulated in differentiated cells, due to methylation of its promoter by the methyltransferase DNMT3B
Repressed by MepR
Induced by pathogen infection, by H(2)O(2) and by salicylic acid
Expressed in exponentially growing cells. Induction has been reported to occur after amino acid starvation in a ppGpp-independent fashion and to be Lon protease-dependent (PubMed:12972253), but also to not occur after amino acid starvation and to be regulated by ppGpp (PubMed:8650219). Also induced in M9 minimal medium and by chloramphenicol treatment (PubMed:21944167). MazE alone and in combination with MazF, represses transcription of the mazE-mazF operon. Fis activates transcription. Part of the relA-mazE-mazF-mazG operon, there is also a second mazE-mazF specific promoter which is negatively autoregulated (PubMed:2844820, PubMed:8650219). Operon induced by ectopic expression of toxin RelE; operon induction by amino acid starvation requires the relBEF operon (PubMed:23432955)
Carboxysome size and components vary with growth conditions. When grown in ambient air at medium light (50 uE meter(-2) second(-1)) there are 7.4 units of this protein per carboxysome, the numbers are stable under low light, and increase under high light and high CO(2) (at protein level)
Down-regulated by high temperature. Up-regulated by pathogen, calcium, low humidity, avirulence gene product avrRpt2 and salicylic acid
By high-salt conditions
In the absence of pentalenolactone (PL)
Up-regulated during differentiation of myoblasts (PubMed:28569745, PubMed:28569755, PubMed:28386024). During muscle regeneration (PubMed:28569745, PubMed:28569755, PubMed:28386024)
By auxin (2,4-D). Feedback loop leading to direct down-regulation by itself
Down-regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues
Subject to local inactivation by the RAS-RAF-MAPK signal transduction pathway, which leads to relief of target gene repression. This pathway may be locally activated by a variety of ligands and receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) according to the developmental stage and tissue. In terminal patterning, activation of tor by the locally processed ligand trk may promote cic inactivation specifically at the embryonic terminal poles. In the developing wing, activation of Egfr by vn may lead to cic inactivation specifically in prospective vein tissue
Its translation is regulated by tryptophan-activated RNA-binding regulatory protein (TRAP)
Expressed under conditions that induce DNA competence (PubMed:9535083)
By cationic antimicrobial peptides and by Mg(2+)-limiting conditions
By green light
By retinoic acid in combination with activin
By anthranilate
By copper deprivation, and repressed by copper sufficiency
Induced by EvgA
By GDNF/glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor
By darkness
Expression is up-regulated during the late plant infection stages
Up-regulated by PELP1 in response to estrogen
By cold stress (Ref.1, PubMed:15020631). Induced by heat shock, drought, wounding and infection by soybean mosaic virus (SMV) (Ref.1)
Its expression is highly regulated and responds rapidly to nitrate induction and to ammonium ion repression
By Neurog3
Positively regulated by X-NGNR-1 and negatively regulated by lateral inhibition
By TNF which induces strong nuclear localization
Stimulated by PDGF/platelet-derived growth factor
By the bacterial pathogens P.syringae pv. phaseolicola, pv. syringae, pv. tomato and pv. tabaci, and flagellin
Circadian-regulation with peak levels occurring late afternoon (e.g. 3 to 7 pm)
Located in the pceABCT gene cluster that is flanked by insertion sequences including transposase genes (PubMed:16133337). PceA, pceB and pceC are cotranscribed (PubMed:16957221)
By polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) and viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) strain 07.71 in muscle, head kidney, spleen and liver
9-fold induced by starvation
Expression is repressed by laeA
Expression is observed in the middle of the vegetative growth phase (PubMed:9438344)
Expression is induced by TMA and HHP stress
Association with RNAP core remains approximately constant during all stresses tested and during sporulation (at protein level)
By arginine
Expression is enhanced at 60 and 90 min after the addition of the ABA precursor mevalonic acid (MVA) to the medium, but declined after 120 min
Following DNA damage (PubMed:18202719). Up-regulation in response to DNA damage is not confirmed by PubMed:22802528
Probably induced by the DNA damaging agent mitomycin C. Part of the Rv1954A-higB1-higA1-Rv1957 operon, as well as the higB1-higA1-Rv1957 operon, which is probably the mitomycin-induced operon; the former but not latter operon is autorepressed by HigA1 (PubMed:20585061)
Circadian-regulation with peak levels occurring at the end of the light period in flowers (PubMed:26124104, PubMed:12590126). Triggered by EOBI in flowers via the regulation of its promoter (PubMed:23275577)
Up-regulated by MK-801, an uncompetitive N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, mostly in the superficial layers of the parietal, temporal, occipital and frontal cortices
Cotranscribed with the two upstream genes, yutD and yutE. YutF overproduction increases the level of yutDEF operon expression, and this up-regulation is enhanced in the presence of inorganic phosphate
Up-regulated in the presence of starch
Induced by growth at high osmolarity
By light, UV, cold, drought, ethylene, jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), abscisic acid (ABA), cadmium (CdCl(2)), high salt (NaCl), and cytokinins
By abscisic acid (ABA) in leaf blades and leaf sheaths (PubMed:15084714). Induced during incompatible interaction with the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Ref.3)
By sphingolipid elicitor (SE)
Late induced after mechanical wounding. Enhanced expression following incompatible bacterial pathogen attack. Expressed under a diurnal rhythm (circadian clock control)
By viral infections or double-stranded RNA
Strongly induced in a subpopulation of cells in the proximal blastema during regenerative outgrowth
Up-regulated by interleukin IL15 in a TBX21/T-bet-dependent manner in tissue-resident memory T (Trm) cell population (PubMed:27102484). Up-regulated during the differentiation of natural killer T (NKT) cells (PubMed:22885984). Down-regulated in NKT cells after antigenic stimulation (PubMed:22885984)
(Microbial infection) Up-regulated in response to Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection in skin CD8(+) tissue-resident memory T (Trm) cells, but not in spleen
(Microbial infection) Up-regulated in response to choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection in gut CD8(+) tissue-resident memory T (Trm) cells
Requires EARLY FLOWERING 7 (ELF7) and ELF8 to be expressed. Up-regulated by HUA2
Down-regulated in response to enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection
Up-regulated by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and down-regulated by gibberellin A3 (GA3)
Induced during stationary growth phase (PubMed:8440252). Requires ppGpp for translation (PubMed:11532026)
Induced by TP53
Expression is induced by DNA-damage and TNF
Up-regulated following T cell activation
By shift to long days (LD)
Transcriptionally regulated by AtxA. Transcription is also positively controlled by carbonic acid and CO(2)
Induced by HBV x antigen upon hepatitis B viral infection
Expressed during exponential and post-exponential growth at both 28 and 37 degrees Celsius. Repressed by RpoS
By interleukin-6 and interferon-gamma
Repressed by contact with target cells
In splenocytes, expression is highly induced after yctivation by IL4 and LPS
Induced in biofilms and in oralpharyngeal candidasis. Repressed by alpha pheromone
Induced by heat shock (37 degrees Celsius) and osmotic shock (0.5 M NaCl) but not by exposure to alcohol, sulfite or ethidium bromide
Up-regulated during hibernation
By all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). Up-regulated in colorectal carcinomas
Constitutively expressed during growth in culture
Expression is repressed by isoleucine but not by leucine
Expression of this form I ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase operon predominates when carbon dioxide is limiting
Induced upon differentiation of CD4-positive T cells toward Th17 effector cells upon antigen receptor binding in the presence of IL6 and TGFB1 (PubMed:16200068, PubMed:16990136, PubMed:18025225). Up-regulated by IL23A-IL12B, IL1B and TNF and inhibited by IFNG and IL4 (PubMed:16200068, PubMed:18025225). Up-regulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines in response to microbes in various immune cells: induced in innate lymphoid cells upon fungal infection, in Vdelta4-positive gamma-delta T cells upon C.mastitidis infection, in Vdelta5-positive gamma-delta T cells upon S.aureus infection and in Vdelta1-positive gamma-delta T cells upon E.coli infection (PubMed:23255360, PubMed:28709803, PubMed:20364087, PubMed:17372004). Induced in gamma-delta T cells in intestinal lamina propria upon acute injury (PubMed:26431948). Induced in KLRB1/NK1.1-negative iNKT cell subset upon CD1D stimulation (PubMed:17470641)
Ethylene induces high levels of systemic expression of basic chitinase with expression increasing with plant age. Locally and systemically induced by jasmonic acid (JA) and pathogens such as A.brassicicola and P.syringae, particularly in case of hypersensitive responses (HR). Not induced by wounding
During erythroid differentiation
Induced upon antigen receptor binding in the presence of IL6 and TGB1 (PubMed:16990136, PubMed:18025225). Up-regulated by IL23A-IL12B, IL1B and TNF and inhibited by IFNG and IL4 in CD4-positive T cells (PubMed:18025225). Induced upon fungal infection in innate lymphoid cells (PubMed:23255360). Induced in lung epithelial cells upon bacterial and fungal infection (PubMed:28813677). Induced in brown adipose tissue upon cold exposure (PubMed:32076265)
Down-regulated in differentiating neurons and mature neurons
By carcinogenic agents and by UV light. During squamous differentiation of epidermal keratinocytes
Expression is positively controled by the cluster-specific regulator ATEG_00326 (PubMed:21236704)
Expression is up-reglated during sexual development (PubMed:19277664). Expression is also up-reglated during confrontation with the arthropod fungivore Drosophila melanogaster (PubMed:28485098)
RamB represses its own expression (independently of the available carbon source) and is negatively regulated by PrpR
Fluctuates during the cell cycle, being low in early swarmer cells and rising dramatically during the G1-S transition (when tmRNA accumulates). Decreases during DNA replication in stalked cells to rise again as cell division starts, reflecting the stability of tmRNA at all stages of the cell cycle (at protein level)
Down-regulated during cold acclimation. Accumulation during silique development is AGL15-dependent
Up-regulated upon differentiation into neuronal cells in the presence of retinoic acid and BDNF. Up-regulated upon differentiation into astroglial cells
Part of the sigI-rsgI operon, which is transiently induced by heat stress. Expression is positively regulated by SigI via the sigma-I promoter (PubMed:17185538). In exponentially growing cells, expression is regulated by the WalRK two-component system, which represses the sigma-I promoter and activates the sigma-A promoter, leading to the formation of a basal level of RsgI (PubMed:23199363). WalRK can also positively and directly regulate transcription of the operon under heat stress through a binding site located upstream of the sigma-I promoter (PubMed:24125693). Repressed by glucose (PubMed:17185538)
Accumulates in response to heat stress
By jasmonic acid (JA), NaCl, sucrose, UV light, nitrogen deficiency and drought
Expression is increased in sulfur-limited chemostat cultures
Not induced as part of the cellular response to endoplasmic reticulum stress (PubMed:25751668). Up-regulated by androgens and by estrogens in prostate cancer cells (PubMed:23294566) Up-regulated by a hormone (estrogen-receptor alpha) independent mechanism in ovarian cancer (PubMed:22361111)
By salt treatment. Down-regulated by jasmonate
By IFNG/IFN-gamma, IFNB1/IFN-beta and TNF-alpha (PubMed:9659399, PubMed:18025219). Up-regulated upon infection by T.gondii or L.monocytogenes (PubMed:18025219)
Down-regulated in developing tension wood at the primary walled stage
Up-regulated under iron-depletion conditions. Down-regulated in response to high extracellular iron levels
By drought, salt and cold stresses
Induced by iron starvation, repressed by fur
Upon exposure to double-stranded RNA and interferon-gamma
Triggered by EOBI in flowers (PubMed:23275577). Fades out in flower petals after pollination, thus resulting in a decrease in methylbenzoate emission (PubMed:14630969). Strongly repressed by ethylene (PubMed:14630969)
Expression is sigma W-dependent. Up-regulated by alkali shock and by infection with phage SPP1
Part of the rocDEF operon. Expression is sigma L dependent, induced by arginine, ornithine or proline
Induced by jasmonate (JA) treatment (PubMed:31988260). Induced by low phosphate conditions (PubMed:27251390, PubMed:29651114)
Repressed by AbrB, a transcription factor that negatively controls biofilm formation
Increased in dorsal root ganglia in response to injury caused by dorsal rhizotomy (PubMed:28270793). Increased in dorsal root ganglia in response to both sciatic nerve crush and transection injury (PubMed:28270793)
By TGFB1 present in the melanoma cell conditioned medium (MCCM)
Repressed in the presence of nicotinic acid
By cold shock and salt stress, but not by drought or abscisic acid (ABA)
By weak acids like sorbate through the WAR1 transcription activator
Induced by cell wall-affecting antibiotics such as oxacillin, beta-lactams, vancomycin, fosfomycin, bacitracin and detergents such as Triton X-100, SDS, Nonidet P40, and CHAPS
Repressed by adrenergic agents (phenylephrine, isoproterenol, dobutamine and clenbuterol), forskolin and phorbol myristate acetate (at transcriptional levels) (PubMed:22143674). No change in expression with endothelin-1 (PubMed:22143674)
Subject to nitrogen catabolite repression (NCR). Not found in cells grown on rich nitrogen sources like ammonia, glutamine or glutamate, but is found in cells that have been subjected to nitrogen starvation or have been grown on a poor nitrogen source such as proline
By glycolate
By hypoxic stress
Expression is repressed by glutamine and at alkaline ambient pH and highly induced under nitrogen starvation and acidic pH conditions (PubMed:19400779)
Up-regulated by fasting
By stress, such as heat shock and oxygen limitation
Expression is under control of the CSY1 amino-acid sensor (PubMed:28028545). Expression is also regulated by PLC1 and GCN4 (PubMed:16207920, PubMed:16215176). Expression is induced during development of biofilm (PubMed:22265407)
Down-regulated in a number of cancer cells
Up-regulated by IL4/interleukin-4
Produced during growth on methylamine
Oscillates diurnally in synaptic vesicles (at protein level)
Up-regulated by wounding and herbivory
Induced by FNR. Expression is highest under anaerobic conditions at 28 degrees Celsius in stationary phase
Expression is induced by L-tyrosine (PubMed:22046314). Expression is positively regulated by the cluster-specific transcription factor hmgR (PubMed:22046314)
Down-regulated by Notch signaling
Up-regulated in CD8+ T lymphocytes by treatment with anti-CD3 and in B lymphocytes by treatment with CD40 ligand and anti-B cell receptor antibody. In macrophages, no induction following LPS treatment. Down-regulated by a combined treatment with TNF and IFNG (at protein level)
By ciprofibrate
Negatively regulated by the two-component system YycFG
Expression increases during early growth in macrophages (PubMed:16352831). Expression is directly regulated by both the MprAB and TrcRS two-component systems (PubMed:16352831, PubMed:22099420). Negatively regulated by TrcS/TrcR (PubMed:16352831). Activated by MprA/MprB under envelope stress (PubMed:22099420). Expression may also be regulated by sigma E (PubMed:16352831)
By salt and methyl jasmonate treatments, drought stress and infection by the bacterial pathogen P.syringae
Expressed during exponential growth in rich medium and at lower levels in exponential and stationary phase in minimal medium (zorO mRNA cannot be distinguished from zorP mRNA by these assays as they are practically identical)
By heat shock and canavanine
By nitrogen and carbon deprivation as well as in the presence of tyrosine. Also induced by phenylalanine, but only in nitrogen-free medium
Up-regulated by wounding. Expression peaks 6 hours after wonding, decreasing afterward
Transiently induced by transition from dark to light (at protein level) (PubMed:8980495, PubMed:10794530). Induced by high light stress (at protein level) (PubMed:19940928, PubMed:24850838)
In roots by sulfate starvation
Present at very low levels in nutrient-replete cells, and at 50-fold higher levels in nitrogen- or sulfur-deprived cells and to a variable extent (<10-fold) during phosphorus deprivation
Induced by aging in bone marrow
By phosphate deprivation, mostly isoform 2
Expression is regulated by the developmental and secondary metabolism regulators laeA and veA
Up-regulated by the unfolded protein response (UPR)
Up-regulated under phosphate limitation and by increasing partial pressure of CO(2)
Induced by submergence
By high-fructose diet
Induced in cells undergoing arrest in response to DNA damage and TGFB1 treatment
Induced by the transcription factor ZAP1 during zinc depletion and negatively regulated by the transcription factor GIS1 predominantly during nutrient limitation. Induced by inositol supplementation
Expressed on rich and minimal solid media likely in early stationary phase; not dependent on DegSU. Not expressed in liquid LB, but only under conditions that promote biofilm formation
Up-regulated by wounding, elicitors, methyl jasmonate or 12-oxophytodienoic acid (PDA)
Induced by gibberellin
Expression is induced in vitro in the presence of phosphatidylcholine
By the five linkage-isomeric alpha-D-glucosyl-D-fructoses, or by maltose or maltitol
Up-regulated in response to viral infection
By interleukin-4
Expression is significantly suppressed in the presence of alpha-bisabolol
Expression is growth phase dependent and sensitive to the media conditions reaching high levels in stationary phase (at protein level) (PubMed:17302814). It is probably regulated by the CpxRA two-component regulatory system (PubMed:12511488)
Down-regulated by glucose and sucrose but up-regulated by mannose
By cadmium, lead, and zinc
Up-regulated by EPO and EGF. Transiently up-regulated by retinoic acid in F9 teratocarcinoma cells
Expression is positively regulated by the cluster-specific transcription factor TSF1 (PubMed:18957608). Expression is up-regulated during nitrogen starvation (PubMed:18957608)
By IFNG/IFN-gamma during macrophage activation, and by TNF and IL1B
In the SCN, nuclear expression is lowest between CT7 and CT13. Cytoplasmic expression is highest at these times. In liver, peak levels from CT21 to CT3. Expression of both phosphorylated and unphosphorylated forms of BMAL1 with other circadian clock proteins occurs between CT15 and CT18. Expression in the heart oscillates in a circadian manner
Up-regulated by hypoxia (at protein level)
By abscisic acid (ABA), wounding, and drought and salt stresses (PubMed:19618278). Induced by jasmonate (JA) (PubMed:23104764). Negatively regulated by the SCF(COI1) E3 ubiquitin ligase-proteasome pathway during JA signaling (PubMed:24647160)
Unlike CRH11, CRH12 is down-regulated during cell wall regeneration. Also regulated by NRG1, TUP1, and RIM101
By methanol
By allophanate or its non-metabolized analog oxalurate. Repressed in the presence of readily used nitrogen sources
Expression in extrasynaptic regions of muscle is induced by denervation. Expression in myoblasts is induced during differentiation into myotubes and by treatment with nerve derived trophic factors such as AGRN (agrin) and NRG1 (neuregulin)
By stachydrine
By high concentrations of copper. Inhibited by copper starvation
Pituitary levels decrease on VIP immunization
By heat, ethanol, osmotic shock and infection by filamentous bacteriophages
Constitutive, high-level transcription is commonly observed in laboratory and clinical strains of Candida albicans that are resistant to the antifungal drug fluconazole. Multiple cis-acting sequences within the promoter mediate its activation. One, a benomyl response element (BRE), is situated at position -296 to -260. It is required for benomyl-dependent MDR1 up-regulation and is also necessary for constitutive high expression of MDR1. A second element, termed H(2)O(2) response element (HRE), is situated at position -561 to -520. The HRE is required for H(2)O(2)-dependent MDR1 up-regulation, but dispensable for constitutive high expression. Two potential binding sites (TTAG/CTAA) for the transcription factor CAP1 lie within the HRE. Expression is induced by fluconazole, rifampicin, methotrexate, diethylmaleate, diamide, 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide, benomyl, o-phenanthroline (OP), hydrogen peroxide, methyl methanesulfonate, and sulfometuron methyl. Expression is down-regulated by tetrandrine and levofloxacin derivatives. Transcription is positively regulated by ADA2, CAP1, MRR1, UPC2, and TAC1; and negatively regulated by REP1. Transcription is also regulated by the general transcription factor MCM1. MCM1 is dispensable for up-regulation by H(2)O(2) but is required for full induction by benomyl
Down-regulated by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in prostate cancer samples from patients assigned to receive weekly high-dose 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 before radical prostatectomy. Also down-regulated by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in the human androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cell line LNCaP and in the estrogen-sensitive breast cancer cell line MCF-7
By far-red light. Down-regulated by far-red light (at protein level)
Not expressed in wild-type cells, it is induced in an mspA deletion mutant
Constitutively expressed at low levels in mid log phase, in high (10 g/ml NaCl) and low (0 g/ml NaCl) ionic strength medium (at protein level)
Up-regulated by a wide array of pathogens and pathogen-products together with self-signals for danger or injury. Up-regulated in psoriatic dermal tissues, in dendritic cells of multiple sclerosis patients and in tumors
50% increase with progesterone treatment in cultured oviduct epithelial cells
Expression is reduced when the vacuolar protein VLP4 is absent (PubMed:28557308)
Induced in hepatocytes during the proliferative phase of liver regeneration. Induction requires a continuous pattern of GH (growth hormaone) secretion and an intact GH-GH receptor-signaling complex
No basal expression in untreated young leaves, but rapidly and strongly up-regulated upon abscisic acid treatment (PubMed:9617813). Strongly up-regulated (10'000-fold higher expression at day 33) in the quinolinate synthase mutant old5 (PubMed:18978034)
By TGF-beta (PubMed:11335131)
Up-regulated by inflammatory cytokine IL1B
Up-regulated in liver upon treatment with peroxisome proliferator
Expression is induced by N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), by the alpha pheromone, and in filamentation-inducing media
Induced during early S phase
Ty1-GR2 is a weakly expressed element. Induced under amino acid starvation conditions by GCN4
Expression is regulated by the PhoR-PhoB two-component system
Upon growth stimulation in starved human fibroblasts. Decreases in response to growth arrest induced by cell-cell contact
Strongly up-regulated in salivary gland during blood-feeding on the host. Peak expression is detected 48 hours after feeding begins
Induced by phosphate limitation
In response to low temperature and salt stress
Phosphorylation of mature, glycosylated APP occurs 48-72 hours after treatment of neuronal cells with nerve growth factor which correlates with the timing of neurite outgrowth
Transcriptionally regulated by SigD
Induced by L-galactono-1,4-lactone (L-GalL), the terminal precursor for ascorbic acid (AsA) biosynthesis in the Smirnoff-Wheeler pathway (PubMed:22323769). Accumulates during seed imbibition (PubMed:31284602)
By ozone. Down-regulated by light stress (PubMed:20500828). Induced by infection with Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (PubMed:21711359). Induced by salt stress, drought stress and abscisic acid (ABA) (PubMed:22225700). Induced by salicylic acid (SA) and infection with the bacterial pathogen P.syringae and the necrotrophic fungal pathogen B.cinerea (PubMed:24215930)
Down-regulated during myoblast differentiation
By wnt-signaling from the posterior mesoderm
Circadian-regulation with a peak in expression in the middle of the light period
Induced by glucose, repressed by arginine, less protein accumulates when grown in the presence of glucose and arginine (at protein level)
Up-regulated by IL3, IL5 and CSF2
Up-regulated in adipose tissues in obese patients
Up-regulated in regenerating neurons after nerve injury (PubMed:19913522). Rapidly and highly induced in regenerating liver and mitogen-stimulated cells (PubMed:1902565)
Expressed in vegetatively growing cells and in nodules
Induced by Pseudomonas syringae tomato (both virulent and avirulent avrRpt2 strains). Not affected by methyl jasmonate (MeJA), ethylene or salicylic acid (SA)
By retinoic acid in neuroblastoma Neuro2a cells. Down-regulated following fear conditioning (at protein level) (PubMed:26430118)
Down-regulated by insulin and leptin. Not regulated by nutritional status (fed/fasting) Up-regulated in podocytes by puromycin. Up-regulated after feeding in the hypothalamus
Up-regulated following DNA damage (PubMed:25624349)
Expression is not affected by calcium
By IFN-alpha and by IL1B/interleukin-1 beta. Up-regulated in articular cartilage and synovium from arthritis patients. Up-regulared in chondrocytes
By sleep deprivation. By acute nicotine in adolescent brain (at protein level)
By IL6/interleukin-6, prolactin and growth hormone
Induced in response to increased extracellular osmolarity, this is the third gene of the proU operon (proV-proW-proX). Osmoregulation requires curved DNA downstream of the transcription start site in proV, which is repressed when bound by H-NS. H-NS may act indirectly to influence the local topology of the promoter (PubMed:1423593)
Preferentially expressed when quiescent fibroblasts are stimulated to proliferate. It is inducible by growth factors and overexpressed in acute myeloid leukemias
Expression is induced when the bacterium is grown on trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline (t4LHyp) and cis-4-hydroxy-D-proline (c4DHyp) as sole carbon source
Expression remains constant during conidiation
By ethylene, polyamines (PAs: putrescine, spermidine and spermine), methylglyoxal (bis-guanyhydrazone) (MGBG), salt, and AgNO(3)
By Ca(2+)
By calorie restriction which induces endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression. Induced in liver by pyruvate during fasting. Expressed in a circadian manner in the liver with maximal and minimal levels reached at around Zeitgeber time (ZT) 16 and ZT4, respectively. Its deacetylase activity in the liver is also regulated in a circadian manner, with a peak at ZT15. Down-regulated by palmitate; palmitate down-regulation is mediated by the induction of miR-195 that directly targets SIRT1
In shoots and roots by zinc and copper starvation. Inhibited by excess copper ions
Induced in roots during drought and salt stresses, and upon abscisic acid (ABA) treatment
By nitrogen starvation, and arginine. Induced at stationary phase via sigma S
Is repressed by Fis. Positively regulated by RpoS and Crp. Induced by ethanol. Expression is maximally induced during the transition from exponential phase to stationary phase
Constant levels during cell cycle. Activated by CYCB1
Expression is high in early log-phase and significantly drops as cells enter late log phase
Stimulated by retinoic acid (RA). Expressed in a circadian manner in the liver with a peak at ZT10
In ovaries, hormonally induced at the onset of oocyte maturation
Constitutively expressed in a constant ratio along the growth of the bacterium
Induced in keratinocytes by all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), via increase in mRNA stability
Induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in thymus. Down-regulated by LPS in liver, lung, heart, spleen, dendritic cells and peritoneal macrophages. Induced by TNF-alpha in dendritic cells and peritoneal macrophages
In peripheral blood B cells isoform LAMP-2A, LAMP-2B and LAMP-2C are up-regulated in response to treatments that stimulate immune responses via the Toll-like receptors TLR7 or TLR9
By chitin oligosaccharide elicitor and the phytopathogenic fungus Bipolaris oryzae
By low oxygen growth conditions, especially in rhizosphere
By N-acetylchitooligosaccharide elicitor and by protein phosphatase inhibitor calyculin A. Induction by N-acetylchitooligosaccharide elicitor is inhibited by the protein kinase inhibitor K-252a
Up-regulated during cell wall regeneration and down-regulated in kidney lesions. Expression is also regulated by HAP43 and SSN6
Induced by chemical activators of the unfolded protein response (UPR) such as tunicamycin, DTT and thapsigargin
Repressed by sulfate or cysteine
Strongly induced in embryonic fibroblasts transformed by v-Jun
By cold stress. Positively regulated by the transcription factor ICE1. Subject to degradation by the 26S proteasome pathway in freezing conditions (PubMed:28344081)
Up-regulated 6 and 12 hours-post-infection after infiltration with P.syringae pv. maculicola and between 2 and 4 dpi after infection by P.infestans
High light, methylviologen, t-butyl hydroperoxide, and salt stress conditions increase the expression level
By dorsal-mesoderm inducing signals including vegt and other nodal-related proteins. By sox17
Weakly induced by high copper concentration
Highly up-regulated in the presence of taurine or isethionate
Increased levels in failing myocardium. Up-regulated in several tumor types including ostomalacia-associated tumors and endometrial and breast carcinomas
A member of the dormancy regulon. Induced in response to reduced oxygen tension (hypoxia), low levels of nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO). It is hoped that this regulon will give insight into the latent, or dormant phase of infection. Induction by hypoxia is independent of nitrate and nitrate levels
By high temperature and the circadian clock. Expression peaks at zeitgeber time 9 (ZT9) corresponding to afternoon of a subjective day, the hottest time of daily temperature fluctuation
Induced in embryonic stem cells (ES cells) by STAT3 and POU5F1
Up-regulated in proliferating cultured fibroblasts
Up-regulated by low-phosphate diet
Transcription induced by L-cysteine (in vivo), under control of DecR. Member of the dlsT(yhaO)-yhaM operon
Part of the tapA-sipW-tasA operon (PubMed:10464223). Expression is directly repressed by the DNA-binding protein master regulator of biofilm formation SinR and activated by the extracellular matrix regulatory protein RemA (PubMed:16430695, PubMed:23646920). Also positively regulated by the sporulation transcription factors sigma H and Spo0A and repressed by the transition phase regulatory protein AbrB, probably indirectly (PubMed:10464223). Induced by a high concentration of salt (PubMed:10559173). During most conditions of growth, may be present at very low levels or is not synthesized at all, due, at least in part, to post-transcriptional repression (PubMed:10559173)
Up-regulation by LPA/lysophosphatidic acid is dependent on GNA12
Repressed by thiamine, but not by thiazole. Induced by various stress conditions, including heat, cold or osmotic shock
Expression increased after activation of T-cells by mitogens or activation of NK cells by IL2/interleukin-2
Up-regulated upon amino acid deprivation (PubMed:14623874, PubMed:16621798, PubMed:15774260). Up-regulated upon hypertonic conditions (PubMed:15922329, PubMed:16621798)
Expression is positively regulated by the phomenoic acid biosynthesis cluster-specific transcription regulator C6TF
Induced late during copper exposure
Accumulates in DNA-damaged cells (at protein level)
By ethylene, abscisic acid (ABA) and dark
Induced by infection with the cucumber mosaic virus (CMV-Y and CMV-B2 strains)
The toxin locus has divergently transcribed operons maximally expressed during early stationary phase. This is part of the orfX1-orfX2-orfX3 operon. A longer botR-orfX1-orfX2-orfX3 operon is also transcribed at lower levels
Expression is positively regulated by the secondary metabolism regulator laeA (PubMed:16426969, PubMed:17291795)
By gibberellic acid (GA3) and submergence. Down-regulated by auxin
By heat shock and methyl viologen (paraquat)
Detected in iron-restricted, mid-log-phase cells, part of the feoA-feoB operon (strain NCTC 11168)
Activated by FHY3 and FAR1 under far-red light (FR); HY5 prevents this activation (PubMed:16045472, PubMed:21097709, PubMed:18033885). Down-regulated by FR, red (R) and blue (B) lights (PubMed:18033885, PubMed:16045472). Accumulates in dark (D)-grown but not in R and FR-grown hypocotyl cells. Repressed in etiolated plants transferred to FR conditions in a FHY3-dependent manner (PubMed:15469493, PubMed:11711433). Inhibited by light (PubMed:11726703). Repressed by PHYA-mediated phosphorylation in R illumination; the phosphorylated form is a substrate for ubiquitin/proteasome-mediated degradation (PubMed:22582101, PubMed:19208901). PHYA-dependent down-regulation by light is largely at post-transcriptional level, primarily mediated through the 26S proteasome-dependent protein degradation (PubMed:16244150)
Up-regulated by 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone
Up-regulated by IL1B/interleukin-1 beta and IL6/interleukin-6
Expression of the proteinaceous toxin is controlled by an antisense sRNA, in this case RdlD. Only a few of these TA systems have been mechanistically characterized; the mechanisms used to control expression of the toxin gene are not necessarily the same (Probable)
Capsule synthesis is transcriptionally regulated by AtxA, AcpA and AcpB
By heat shock, oxidative stress, retinoic acid, IFN-alpha and the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine. Induction by IFN-alpha is impaired in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Down-regulated by human cytomegalovirus UL112 microRNA during viral infection which leads to decreased binding of KLRK1/NKG2D and reduced killing by natural killer cells
Up-regulated in breast cancer cells
Expression is highly up-regulated under low oxygen and low sterol conditions in a sre1- and scp1-dependent manner
Repressed by YodB. Strongly induced by stress due to exposure to catechol and less strongly induced after diamide or 2-methylhydroquinone (2-MHQ) stress. Not induced by oxidative stress due to hydrogen peroxide or methylglyoxal
Up-regulated by bile acids, such as cholate and chenodeoxycholate. Maximally expressed during the early stationary phase of growth
By cobalt and urea or cyclohexanecarboxamide
Repressed by sucrose, glucose and fructose. Slightly induced by turanose and mannitol
Constitutively expressed, levels remain the same over 144 hours of growth (at protein level) (PubMed:25048532). Expressed during exponential phase in static growth conditions (PubMed:20161777). Expressed during late exponential phase in the presence and absence of the mamK-like gene (PubMed:24957623). Part of the probable 18 gene mamAB operon (Probable)
Induced by dark, abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA) (PubMed:20238146). Triggered by pathogen attack such as Pseudomonas syringae pv. Tomato DC3000 (PubMed:20238146)
Down-regulated by aphid infection, 2-aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), high CO(2), isoxaben, and propiconazole treatments. Up-regulated by brassinolides
Repressed by tyrosine and induced by phenylalanine under the control of the regulatory protein TyrR (PubMed:6090409, PubMed:1860819, PubMed:15049824). The promoter region of tyrP contains two adjacent TyrR boxes, which are the targets for the action of TyrR (PubMed:1860819, PubMed:15049824). In the presence of tyrosine and ATP, binding of hexameric TyrR to both TyrR boxes inhibits binding of RNA polymerase (RNAP) to the tyrP promoter and leads to tyrosine-mediated repression of the gene (PubMed:1860819, PubMed:15049824). In the presence of phenylalanine, TyrR binds as a dimer to the upstream box, which enhances the binding of RNAP to the tyrP promoter and leads to phenylalanine-mediated activation (PubMed:1860819)
Expression is induced by the azasperpyranone cluster A-specific transcription factor ATEG_03638 which is itself regulated by the azasperpyranone transcriptional regulator ATEG_07667
By paraquat (methyl viologen)
Induced during anaerobic growth and completely repressed during aerobic growth
Induced by treatment with gibberellin (GA3) (PubMed:9435140). Induced during senescence and pathogen-induced cell death (PubMed:23938390)
Present when grown on glucose
Transcriptionally regulated by MmpR5
During molting and in response to eyestalk ablation
Slightly induced by salicylic acid (SA) (PubMed:16463103). Expressed in a cell cycle-dependent manner, with highest levels 2 hours before the peak of mitotic index in cells synchronized by aphidicolin. Activated by CYCB1 (PubMed:17287251). Accumulates at powdery mildew (e.g. G.orontii) infected cells
By pro-inflammatory cytokines IL1A, IL1B and TNF in synovial fibroblasts. By IL1A and TNF in keratinocytes. Constitutive in articular chondrocytes
Up-regulated by arsenate and down-regulated by arsenite
In the pineal gland, exhibits night/day variations with a 4-fold increased expression at night (at protein level). Up-regulation is due to a large degree to the release of norepinephrine from nerve terminals in the pineal gland and cAMP signaling pathway. Nocturnally elevated expression is also observed in the brain cortex. In osteoblasts, up-regulated by PGE2 (at protein level)
Down-regulated during neural differentiation
Induced by carbon starvation. Induction requires the cAMP-cAMP receptor protein (CRP) complex (PubMed:1848300). The carbon storage regulator CsrA regulates translation of cstA by sterically interfering with ribosome binding (PubMed:12867454)
Expression is induced in the presence of fluconazole (FLC)
Positively regulated by cAMP-CRP. Up-regulated in the presence of non-PTS carbon sources (PubMed:22059728). According to PubMed:22059728, pka is up-regulated during the stationary phase growth, while according to PubMed:22124017, it is absent from the late exponential and stationary phase cells (PubMed:22059728, PubMed:22124017)
Not induced by NAI1
By phosphate starvation, via the alternative sigma factor sigma-B
Induced in lung during endotoxemia. By LPS and inflammatory cytokines in alveolar epithelial type II cells
Exhibits night/day variations with a 7-fold increased activity at night. At the mRNA level, the nocturnal increase is lower than 2-fold
Up-regulated by dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in androgen-sensitive LNCaP prostate cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. Up-regulation by DHT is transient, reaching maximum levels after 24 hours and decreases slightly after 48 hours
Induced by drougt stress in leaves and stems
Induced under aerobic conditions and repressed under anaerobic conditions
In fragrant cultivars (e.g. cv. Mitchell and cv. V26), increases before the onset of volatile emission at the end of the light period, peaks at night and decreases when volatile emission declines early morning; this precise regulation is tuned by ODO1 binding and activation of its promoter
By brassinolide
Down-regulated by treatment with high concentrations of copper
By infection with the fungal pathogens B.cinerea and A.brassicicola, and avirulent and virulent strains of P.syringae pv tomato DC3000 (at protein level). Induced by ethylene and copper
Induced by T.gondii infection in the testes and uterus
Transcripts levels decrease upon imbibition but remains stable at the protein level
Hemagglutination is completely inhibited by galactose. Is not inhibited by mannose, and the chelating agent EDTA
Up-regulated in response to cardiac hypertrophy
In the gastrointestinal tract, expression is induced in response to a high-fat diet
Expression is sigma M, sigma X and sigma I-dependent. Induced by vancomycin and bacitracin, via sigma M. Expression is maximal during early exponential phase and decreases during stationary phase
Up-regulated by high-fat, high-cholesterol diet
Strongly induced at 16 degrees. Expression is repressed by YcgE. At 16 degrees Celsius with blue light irradiation, expression of this operon is absolutely dependent on YcgF for relief of YcgE repression. Part of the ycgZ-ymgA-ariR-ymgC operon
Up-regulated by growth arrest
Induced by gamma radiation and by white light, but not by UV-B. Regulated by ATM in response to DNA double strand breaks (DSBs)
Induced by hydrogen peroxide. Repressed by superoxide radicals and anoxia
Induced by L-cysteine
By the HOG1 MAPK, cell wall perturbations, and nitrogen stress. Expression is controlled by the MSS11 pseudohyphal growth transcription factor
During the diauxic shift. In response to oxidative stress
Up-regulated during adipocyte and myogenic differentiation
By bacterial infection (at protein level)
By auxin accumulation
Expression is repressed by amphotericin B and caspofungin (PubMed:15917516). Expression is also repressed during biofilm formation (PubMed:22265407)
Isoform TrkA-III is up-regulated upon hypoxia in cells normally expressing it
Induced in response to galactose and severely repressed in response to glucose
Not up-regulated by unfolded protein response (UPR)
Expression is induced by HAP43 and during biofilm formation
Up-regulated by the myogenic factor myoD during gastrulation
Slightly induced by abscisic acid (ABA)
CsrA binds to the mRNA and reduces its levels. Expressed at low levels at both 28 and 37 degrees Celsius. Repressed by RpoS
Induced by methyl jasmonate (PubMed:15231736, PubMed:28733419). Induced by wounding (PubMed:15231736). Induced by infection with the fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea (PubMed:28733419). Induced in fruit by storage in cold (PubMed:29528226). Induced by hydrogen peroxide and infection with root-knot nematodes (PubMed:30576511)
Up-regulated by phosphate deficiency
Not induced by ammonium supply in roots
Not expressed in liquid culture (in vitro), induced by H(2)O(2) (at protein level). Expressed 6 hours after infection of human macrophages, expression continues for at least 5 days
By derriere
Up-regulated in oligodendrocytes in response to complement activation
Expression increases approximately 3-fold in late G1 phase compared to other phases of the cell cycle
Suppressed in stalks during infection by G.zeae
Induced by L-lactate but not by a racemic mixture of DL-lactate. Makes part of the larR(MN)QO operon
Expressed at higher levels during the exponential growth phase
Transiently expressed during the early exponential phase
Expression is up-regulated in presence of human keratinocytes
Transcribed at a constant level in all growth phases. Part of the mraZ-rsmH-ftsL-pbpB operon
By acidic conditions. Could be induced by EvgA via the induction of YdeO
Expression is induced upon exposure to griseofulvin, the allylamine terbinafine, and the azole itraconazole
By rice blast fungus (M.grisea) 12 hours after infection
Expression is up-regulated by CDH1/E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell interaction
Peroxisomal thiolase is markedly induced (at the level of transcription) by various hypolipidemic compounds in parallel with the other two enzymes of the peroxisomal beta-oxidation system
In white adipose tissue, it is regulated by leptin. By insulin. Up-regulated in diabetic mice. Down-regulated upon fasting and replenished upon refeeding in adipose tissue and liver. Down-regulation in obese animals can reduce hepatic lipogenesis and hepatic steatosis as well as attenuate hyperlipidemia, thereby leading to an improvement in metabolic syndrome
Repressed by the presence of ammonium as nitrogen source
Expressed under control of the sigma-G factor in the forespore
By heat, ethanol, osmotic shock and infection by filamentous bacteriophages. Expression is positively regulated by cyclic AMP-cAMP receptor protein (cAMP-CRP). Expressed at higher levels during growth on glycerol, acetate or proline as carbon source relative to expression during growth on glucose
Repressed by testosterone in Harderian glands. In skin, induced by UVB light
Strongly down-regulated by DNA damage-inducing agents
Induced by L-sorbose and repressed by D-glucose
MYCBP expression is synergistically activated by SP1 and GATA-1
In roots. By heavy metals such as zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni) and cobalt (Co). Also induced by some phytohormones including auxin (NAA), cytokinin (BA), jasmonic acid (JA) and abscisic acid (ABA). Triggered by biotic (submergence) and abiotic stresses (ethanol, PEG), as well as by oxidative stresses mediated by antioxidants (DTT and ascorbic acid) and oxidants (hydrogen peroxide)
Expression is controlled by PDR1 and PDR3 which bind its propmoter PDRE element, and by ROX1 and CBF1
Induced by NaCl in a ABA-independent manner
Up-regulated by IFNG in macrophages and in B-cell lymphoma cell lines (PubMed:16809771, PubMed:27796300, PubMed:26479788). Up-regulated by IFNB1 or viral infection (PubMed:26479788). Down-regulated by IL4 in macrophages (PubMed:27796300)
Induced by formaldehyde and repressed by FrmR
Transcriptionally regulated by sigma-A factor. Down-regulated by rex. Highest expression during the exponential growth phase
By sugar starvation
Aspirin appears to inhibit expression
Highly expressed during exponential growth in rich media (PubMed:29246799). Also part of the 3 most highly expressed extracellular proteases in minimal media (PubMed:29246799). Expressed on human skin (PubMed:29246799)
By cytokines such as IL3 and THPO
During conjugation
Levels increase up to 3-fold on a 6-week cholesterol-enriched diet
During liver regeneration
By propanediol aerobically and anaerobically, under control of PocR, Arc and Crp. Has 2 promoters
Repressed by MmpR5 (PubMed:24590481, PubMed:24737322). Repressed by iron (PubMed:12065475). Regulation is IdeR-independent (PubMed:12065475)
Up-regulated on CSF1 treatment
Accumulates in roots, in a RAM1-dependent manner, during colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (e.g. Glomus versiforme and Gigaspora gigantea) (PubMed:19912567, PubMed:21223389, PubMed:26511916). Induced in roots (including root hairs) by rhizobial bacteria (e.g. Sinorhizobium meliloti) synthesized Nod factors in a NFP, DMI1 and DMI3-dependent manner (PubMed:21223389). Also observed in root nodules that arise from symbiotic associations with nitrogen-fixing Rhizobia (PubMed:19912567, PubMed:21223389)
Slightly induced by abscisic acid
Up-regulated upon starvation conditions. Expression is under the control of UME6 which acts along with a histone deacetylase complex including SIN3 and RPD3 to regulate negatively ATG8 levels and subsequent autophagic activity
Repressed by glucose and induced by ethanol and threonine
Is up-regulated when the bacterium is grown on trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline (t4LHyp) or trans-3-hydroxy-L-proline (t3LHyp) as sole carbon source
Up-regulated with tert-butyl hydroquinone (t-BHQ)
By fluconazole, an azole-derivative widely used for the treatment of fungal infections of the skin and its appendages
Expression is induced by HAP43 under low iron conditions
By hypoxia and heat shock
By high salinity, PEG, cold shock, and abscisic acid (ABA)
By replication arrest and DNA damage. Repressed by CYC8, RFX1 and TUP1
Up-regulated in breast carcinomas
Down-regulated by brassinosteroid and zeatin
By low Mg(2+) concentration
By DNA damage
Up-regulated at the double-negative to double-positive transition during thymocyte development. Down-regulated by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)
By wounding, UV irradiation, and pathogen attack
Transiently up-regulated during adipogenesis (at protein level)
Induced by acidic environment, high oxygen availability and exposure to aminoglycosides
Down-regulated after nerve injury
Expression is induced by sophorose, cellulose, oat spelt xylan, lactose, and arabinose
The 56 kDa isoform is constitutively expressed. The 54 kDa isoform increases 9-fold during 10 hours of high light stress and decreases after 24 hours of photoinhibitory treatment
Circadian-regulation. Up-regulated y virus infection
Repressed in larvae by starvation for 18 hours with levels recovering when larvae are refed with yeast or glucose
Expressed very quickly after G1 release, just prior to initiation of DNA replication
Induced by mta
Up-regulated by paraquat, high salt and early after high-light irradiation. Down-regulated by cold
Part of the rimO-crhR operon; upon a cold shift from 30 to 20 degrees Celsius, expression increases to a peak at 20 minutes, then decreases. In a crhR deletion, mRNA rises to high level and remains high for at least 2 hours; de novo transcription is wild-type, suggesting CrhR is involved in wild-type regulation of mRNA levels. The rimO-crhR transcript is processed between the 2 genes by RNase E (rne)
Up-regulated under carbon limitation and repressed under high glucose
Down-regulated in 20 out of 23 of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) samples and is undetectable in 5 HCC cell lines tested
Regulated by retinoic acid, EGF and IFNG/IFN-gamma (PubMed:14721776). Down-regulated by IL-13 in cultured human bronchial epithelial cells (related to asthmatic condition) (PubMed:20621062)
Suppressed significantly by PPARA and PPARG in THP-1 and blood-borne monocyte-macrophages. Decreased after pitavastatin treatment in peripheral blood macrophages and remnant lipoprotein (RLP)-induced foam cell formation
Enhanced cell surface expression upon platelet and monocyte activation
Constitutively expressed, levels decrease toward stationary phase (at protein level). Induced in a dose-dependent manner by UV irradiation
By irx1 in the neural plate. By bmp4-signaling in the ventral mesoderm. Down-regulated in the dorsal mesoderm at stage 11 by Spemann Organizer repressors including gsc
By growth on gluconate
Expressed during exponential growth in rich medium and at lower levels in exponential and stationary phase in minimal medium (zorO mRNA cannot be distinguished from zorP mRNA by these assays as they are practically identical) (PubMed:20156992). Translation of this mRNA is repressed by secondary structures in its 5' UTR and partially by OrzO sRNA. Processing of the 5' UTR increases its translation in vitro and comparative toxicity in vivo (PubMed:27903909)
Induced by erythritol and negatively autoregulated
Induced in roots during colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (e.g. Glomus versiforme) (PubMed:23122845, PubMed:26511916). Regulated by DELLA1 during mycorrhizal symbiosis (PubMed:26511916)
Induced by (GlcNAc)2 and (GlcNAc)3
During myogenesis
Release of soluble SPINK6 is down-regulated by TNF-alpha. IFN-gamma and retinoic acid. Expression is reduced after mechanical and metabolic injury to the skin barrier
Expressed and active 2 hours after sporulation starts (at protein level); stimulates its own transcription (PubMed:18208527)
Up-regulated during the transition from G1 to S phase of the cell cycle. The highest levels are observed in S phase, after which the levels decrease markedly
Up-regulated in response to water stress
Transcription is modulated as a function of mycobacterial growth and division status, maximum expression being observed in log phase cells
By salicylic acid and during leaf senescence
When cells are starved for glucose, ammonium, or phosphate, when they are exposed to a carbon dioxide atmosphere, when they are shifted to higher temperatures or when they enter stationary phase. Adenine-repressible
In response to bitter compounds derived from hops
Depends on the long term potentiation (LTP) and the activation of NMDA receptor signaling
By tunicamycin and A23187. Induced 3-4 fold 10 hours after treatment
Expression is induced by methionine (PubMed:26173180). Nitrogen starvation induces expression of terC and promotes terrein production during fruit infection, via regulation by areA and atfA (PubMed:26173180). Iron limitation acts as a third independent signal for terrein cluster induction via the iron response regulator hapX (PubMed:26173180). Finally, expression is under the control of the terrein cluster-specific transcription factor terR (PubMed:25852654)
By pectin
By the stalk-specific morphogen DIF (Differentiation inducing factor)
Up-regulated by GABA and beta-alanine. Is not subject to nitrogen catabolite repression
Up-regulated by UV-C induced DNA damage, but not by DNA double-strand breaks caused by bleomycin
By NGF
Down-regulated in hepatocytes after treatment with the procarcinogen N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA)
Down-regulated in response to enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection. Induced by NANOG during S-phase entry
Expressed with a circadian rhythm showing a broad peak in the middle day under long day (LD) conditiions
In response to heat shock (45 degrees Celsius) and hyperosmolarity
By Mef2 during myoblast fusion in developing muscles of embryos and pupae
Repressed by ethylene (ACC) and cytokinin, but induced by auxin (1-NAA and 2,4-D)
Expression is regulated by the transcriptional regulatory protein of anaerobic gene expression, ANR. Both ANR box1 and box2 are required for the functioning of the aer promoter
Up-regulated by glucose and palmitate. Up- regulated via the HIF1A signaling pathway in response to hypoxia
Up-regulated in response to DNA damage induced by doxorubicin, camptothecin, UV-C, methyl methanesulfonate, nocodazole, or gamma-irradiation
Down-regulated by nitrate and by imbibition (PubMed:12668777, PubMed:17540716, PubMed:25474587). No induction by growth on low nitrate concentration, but strong induction in mutant with disruption in both NRT2.1 and NRT2.2 (PubMed:15107992). However, this overexpression could not restore the nitrate influx (PubMed:15107992). Induced under long-term nitrogen starvation (PubMed:25065551). Strongly up-regulated upon inoculation with the plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria Phyllobacterium (PubMed:16160849)
Expressed constitutively in antigen-presenting cells and induced by IFN-gamma in other cell types
Induced by 2-methylene-4-butyrolactone (MBL)
Accumulates in seedlings within 6 days after a shift from dark to light
Up-regulated upon fasting
Induced by UV-B, wounding, salicylate, ethephon, 5-aminolevulinic acid and abscisic acid (ABA)
Cell cycle-regulated with a peak during septation (at protein level). Induced by transcription factor ace2 during mitosis. Degraded via SCF-dependent proteolysis
By viral mimic polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in microglia
By gibberellin and epibrassinolide
By cytokinin and gibberellin
In skin fibroblasts of superficial dermis upon skin lesion with highest level between days 5-10
By ovulation in ovaries (at protein level)
Expressed in exponential phase, peaks about 18 hours. The most highly expressed gene in this operon (PubMed:20023033, PubMed:24020498). Protein is associated with magnetosomes at mid-development then decreases (at protein level) (PubMed:30367002). Third gene in the 4 gene mamXY operon (PubMed:20023033) (Probable)
Is expressed constitutively and repressed by ursodeoxycholate
Expression is anaerobically up-regulated via the sterol regulatory element binding protein sre1
By the proteasome inhibitor MG132. Down-regulated during reinitiation of mitotic activity
Induced by fasting in the liver, but not by cold exposure in brown adipose tissue. Induced also by saturated fatty acids in primary hepatocytes
Up-regulated in coculture of VSMC/endothelial cell (EC) or by direct exposure to VEGF of VSMC monoculture. Up-regulated from the second trimester of pregnancy to the term and in the placenta of women with preeclampsia (PE). Up-regulated in monocytes exposed to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
Isoform A is repressed by thyroid hormone
Negatively autoregulated (PubMed:22479184). Transcriptionally regulated by the MprB/MprA and PhoP/PhoR two-component systems (PubMed:25536998). Expression is growth phase-dependent, peaking in the stationary phase (PubMed:22479184). Probably induced upon phagocytosis (PubMed:18685700)
Up-regulated in liver in response to high-fat diet
Up-regulated in experimentally-induced cryptorchid testis
Up-regulated by sleep deprivation
Induced by salicylate
Induced by galactarate, D-glucarate and D-glycerate
Transcriptionally regulated in a cell cycle-dependent manner by the mlu1 cell-cycle box binding factor (MBF) complex independently of sep1 and ace2. Strongly up-regulated in cells arrested in S phase by hydroxyurea
By putrescine and agmatine. Also regulated by the global CbrA/CbrB two-component system
Down-regulated by UV-C treatment
Ty1-LR4 is a highly expressed element. Induced under amino acid starvation conditions by GCN4
By sterol depletion
By polyamine analogs
Positively regulated by signaling through MPK1 in response to cell wall perturbation
Up-regulated by bioactive gibberellins
APCDD1 is transcriptionally regulated by the CTNNB1/TF7L2 complex
In bladder smooth muscle cells, exhibits night/day variations with low levels during the sleep phase, at circadian time (CT) 4-12 (at protein level). Down-regulation during the night allows increase in bladder capacity, avoiding disturbance of sleep by micturition. Expression starts to increase around CT12 and forms a plateau during the active phase (CT16-24) (at protein level). Circadian transcription is activated by NR1D1. Up-regulated by SP1 and SP3
Down-regulated by gurken (grk) and EGF receptor signaling, preventing its expression in dorsal follicle cells
The least expressed of the 6 small subunit genes
By 3-methylcholanthrene (3MC) and beta-naphthoflavone (BNF)
By bacterial infection. Expression detected 2 hours post-injection, with expression increasing until 48 hours post-injection and remaining considerably high at least until 72 hours post-injection
Oscillating expression during diurnal growth. Maximal expression in the dark period
Expression is induced by the presence of the cluster-specific polyketide synthase PKS1 (PubMed:18957608). Expression is up-regulated during nitrogen starvation or at alkaline pH, but repressedin the presence of large amounts of glucose (PubMed:18957608)
By 3-aminotriazole
Overexpressed in injured nerves
Iron uptake is repressed by the global regulator Fur
Negatively regulated by the miRNA lin-4 which causes degradation of the mRNA encoding this protein. This requires a lin-4 complementary element (LCE) in the 3'-UTR of the mRNA encoding this protein. Also negatively regulated independent of lin-4 and this is counteracted by the action of lin-14. Positively regulated by TGF-beta signaling
Repressed by heat and dehydration stress
Expression is regulated by PurR
By calcium shortage
By acetochlor, metolachlor and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT)
Exhibits night/day variations with close to 100-fold increased expression at night (PubMed:15684415, PubMed:19103603). Up-regulation is due to a large degree to the release of norepinephrine from nerve terminals in the pineal gland and cAMP signaling pathway, which activates an alternative promoter within intron 20 resulting in isoform 2 production (PubMed:15684415, PubMed:19103603). Levels rapidly decrease after exposure to daylight and become undetectable at midday and late afternoon (PubMed:15684415, PubMed:19103603)
Up-regulated when cells are grown with L-arginine as compared to the growth of cells with nitrate (at mRNA and protein level). The increase is substantially higher in the PsbO-free mutant than in wild-type
Induced by cell wall-affecting antibiotics such as oxacillin, vancomycin, fosfomycin, and bacitracin
Not induced by environmental stresses such as dehydration, salinity and low temperature
Expression is repressed by glucose (PubMed:3096965). The transcription factor rfx1 controls penicillin biosynthesis through the regulation of the acvA, ipnA and aatA transcription (PubMed:22960281). Expression is also controlled by the transcription factor pacC that specifically recognizes the 5'-GCCARG-3' sequence in the promoter (PubMed:8736532)
In response to the DNA-damaging agent MMS
By cytokine TGF-beta and binding of activated SMAD3 to the TRIM26 promoter (PubMed:29203640). Upon herpes simplex virus type 2/HHV-2 infection (PubMed:33419081). By type I interferon (PubMed:35872575)
Up-regulated after artery wall injury (at protein level)
Induced by growth factors in cultured vascular smooth muscle. Up-regulated in proliferating myoblasts induced to form differentiated myotubes
Circadian-regulated, with the highest expression at the end of the light period and the lowest at the end of the dark period (in 12 hours light/12 hours dark cycle). Induced by cold (at protein level)
Inhibited by PtdIns (product inhibition)
Up-regulated during hibernation in brown adipose tissue
By salt (osmotic) stress
Expression in the bone marrow displays diurnal rhythmicity (a circadian rhythm that is synchronized with the day/night cycle)
By cold stress. Down-regulated by dehydration
Expression is induced by 20-OH-ecdysone which initiates and coordinates the molts
Down-regulated during infection with the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato avirulent avrRpt2 strain
By INS or IGF1 through the PI-3 kinase/mTOR pathway
Upon interleukin-4 treatment in B-cells
Induced by light in dark-grown seedllings
Barely up-regulated by jasmonic acid
Repressed by the HTH-type transcriptional regulator MtrR. Negatively autoregulated
Nitrate reductase activity can be induced by nitrate and not repressed by ammonium or oxygen
Up-regulated by UV irradiation, doxorubicin (DOX) and TP53 in embryo fibroblasts
By zinc starvation
Expression is increased upon exposure to hygromycin B
Up-regulated in skin homing T-cells of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) and in activated circulating T-cells. Up-regulated in lesional biopsies of patients with allergic contact dermatitis (ACD)
Induced in a subjective night-specific manner
Induced by heat shock and cold (PubMed:11402207). Up-regulated by viral infection (PubMed:15805473). Induced by infection with the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae (PubMed:18065690). Induced by cytokinin (PubMed:28004282)
By calcium shortage, copper deficiency (via MAC1) and the presence of galactose (via GAL4)
Induced by blue and far-red light treatments
Part of the yhjR-bcsQABZC operon (PubMed:19400787, PubMed:24097954). Expressed at low levels in mid-log phase, expression increases as cells enter stationary phase, the increase in stationary phase is dependent on rpoS (PubMed:24097954). In K12 strains the premature stop codon in position 8 has polar effects on downstream genes, decreasing their expression about 10-fold (PubMed:24097954)
A huge increase in expression is observed between the fourth and fifth day for solid and liquid cultures (PubMed:18093806)
Up-regulated by the transcription factor JKD, and down-regulated by SHR, SCR and itself
Only detected in the mycelia phase, but not in yeast cells
Increases with aging and decreases by short-term exercise training in aging skeletal muscle
Induced by srfA, during development. Down-regulated by phagocytic stimuli. Up-regulated by Legionella pneumophila infection. Rapidly up-regulated by hyperosmotic stress, which is dependent on dstC. Shows early transcriptional response to sorbitol exposure
By progestin in ovarian tissues and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in oocytes undergoing meiotic maturation
In CD8(+) T-cells mRNA levels are down-regulated following T-cell receptor (TCR) stimulation (PubMed:35939714). In NK cells mRNA levels are down-regulated following KLRK1/NKG2D receptor stimulation (PubMed:35939714)
Levels in brain increase at fasting and decrease at 4 and 7 hours of refeeding
Down-regulated during adipogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells
Expression is subject to a complex network of regulatory controls at the transcriptional level (PubMed:8809757, PubMed:9168602). Under anaerobic conditions, is repressed by the global transcriptional regulator FNR, which binds at two sites in the ndh promoter region (PubMed:9168602). Transcription can be activated or repressed by the DNA-binding protein Fis (Nbp): at high concentrations, during early-exponential phase, Fis represses ndh transcription by binding to at least three sites in the ndb promoter, whereas at low concentrations Fis activates ndh expression by binding solely to the far upstream high-affinity site (PubMed:8809757). Also regulated by the integration host factor (IHF) and the histone-like protein HU (PubMed:9308170)
Induced by PTF1A in multipotent pancreatic progenitor cells (PubMed:22096075). Induced by CDX1 and CDX2 during somitogenesis and goblet cell differentiation (PubMed:22015720)
Induced 3.1-fold by red light, 2.6-fold by far-red light, and 2.3-fold by blue light. Not induced by abscisic acid
By sucrose in caryopsis from 1 to 2 and from 9 to 10 days after flowering
Induced by wounding. This enhancement is greatly reduced by treatment with arachidonic acid or after inoculation with the fungal pathogen, P.infestans
Strongly and rapidly down-regulated by salt stress in shoots and roots
By renal stresses
Induced by the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) (PubMed:22474183). Induced by infection with the fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum (PubMed:26075826)
Induced by benzothiadiazole (BTH) and infection with an incompatible strain of the blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae
Up-regulated by jasmonate and abscisic acid treatment. Up-regulated locally and systemically at the transcript levels 6 hours after wounding, but the protein levels remain constant. Not induced by pathogen infection
Induced by iron via heme and non-iron metalloporphyrins in macrophages as well as by erythrophagocytosis (at protein level). Also induced by hemolysis
Induced on monocyte-derived macrophages by S.typhimurium infection (PubMed:19860908). Induced on monocytes and dendritic cells upon contact with CD8(+)CD28(-) alloantigen-specific T suppressor (Ts) cells (PubMed:11875462)
Induced by iron deficiency
Up-regulated by the type I interferon IFNB1, in a STAT2-dependent manner (PubMed:22305621). Induced by polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) (PubMed:12396720, PubMed:27663720)
Expression is induced by beta-ketoadipate, via the transcriptional activator PcaR
By indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and cycloheximide (CHX). By auxin. By treatment with ozone
Accumulates in roots during colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (e.g. Rhizophagus irregularis and Glomus intraradices)
Repressed by hudR
Repressed by the negative regulatory complex REP1-REP2
Modestly up-regulated by FGF2
Up-regulated in kidney upon metabolic acidosis
By hydrogen peroxide and cold stress
Expression is high in media supplemented with glucose, moderate in acetate, galactose and low in maltose medium (PubMed:12073030). Expression is higher in the yeast phase than in the hyphal phase of growth as well as higher in the exponential than in the stationary phase (PubMed:12073030). Expression is affected by antifungals (PubMed:15917516). Expression is repressed during biofilm formation (PubMed:19527170, PubMed:22265407)
By growth at 3 degrees Celsius (PubMed:22564273), and 3.5% ethanol, repressed by 6% NaCl (PubMed:22820328)
Up-regulated by cold stress, but down-regulated by drought and salt stress
Up-regulated by a low magnesium-containing diet
Highly induced under copper-limiting conditions. Down-regulated by YcnK, especially under high copper concentrations. Down-regulated by CsoR
Inhibited by heat shock treatment
Up-regulated in T- and B-cells following TCR and BCR engagement, respectively
By senescence. Not induced by heat stress
By indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and cycloheximide (CHX). By auxin
Not regulated by light. Up-regulated locally by wounding and reactive oxygen species. Not regulated by methyl jasmonate
Up-regulated by the intestine-specific transcription factor CDX1 in an activated KRAS-dependent manner in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells (PubMed:24623306)
Induced 2.1-fold by hydroxyurea
By viral transfection
By maltose, trehalose and sucrose and repressed by glucose and lactose
Strongly repressed by thiamine
Up-regulated during differentiation of bladder epithelial cells and down-regulated during differentiation of prostate epithelium
By hormones or elicitors treatment. By exposure to abiotic stress
By EPTC (S-ethyl dipropylcarbamothioate)
By increase in temperature
By the transcriptional regulator DmlR in the presence of D-malate or L- or meso-tartrate, under aerobic conditions. Is not induced by L-malate, D-tartrate or succinate. Is also induced at high levels under anaerobic conditions in the presence of D-malate and its expression is more than 5-fold greater than the one under aerobic conditions. Repressed by glucose or nitrate under anaerobic conditions. During aerobic growth, appears to be repressed by the DcuS-DcuR two-component system, and is not repressed by glucose
Up-regulated during hematopoietic differentiation
By the proliferator-activated receptor alpha agonist bezafibrate
Circadian-regulation (PubMed:23818596, PubMed:25012192). Maximum levels of expression in the subjective morning (PubMed:23818596, PubMed:25012192). Up-regulated by a light pulse in the middle of the night via the phytochrome family of red/far-red light photoreceptors (PubMed:23818596, PubMed:25332490, PubMed:25012192). Up-regulated following a temperature upshift during the dark period (PubMed:24690904). Repressed by members of the TOC1/PRR1 family of clock genes (PubMed:23818596)
Down-regulated by EGF
Strongly by siamois, moderately by cer1 and weakly by wnt8 and nog
Expressed with a circadian rhythm showing a peak at ZT15 (zeitgeber 15)
Down-regulated upon carbohydrate starvation
Induced at 10 degrees Celsius
Induced by jasmonate (JA) and ethylene. Down-regulated by freezing and heat stresses
Induced by amino acid starvation and by chloramphenicol treatment
Activated by SigB
During persistent inflammatory pain the expression levels are down-regulated
Up-regulated by PDCD1 following infection by HIV-1 virus, leading to inhibit T-cell functions and exhaust T-cells. Up-regulated by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) protein EBNA2 following infection by EBV
Expression under light condition is higher than that under dark condition (PubMed:35949485). Expressed almost constitutively at an increased level throughout the asexual and sexual developmental processes (PubMed:35949485)
Strongly induced by iron deficiency in roots, but not in shoots
By growth at 37 degrees Celsius
Follows a circadian regulation; up-regulated in a diurnal manner. Up-regulated by high-light
Inhibited by fluoride and N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine
ATXN1 protein levels are directly regulated by PUM1 protein: PUM1 acts by binding to the 3'-UTR of ATXN1 mRNA, affecting ATXN1 mRNA stability and leading to reduced ATXN1 protein levels
Part of the dnaB-darT-darG operon
By salt and drougt stresses, H(2)O(2), salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA)
Up-regulated by UV-B irradiation in epithelial keratinocytes
By osmotic stress. Choline is required for full expression
Up-regulated during early pregnancy coinciding with placentation. Also up-regulated in joint cartilage affected by arthritis
Expression is repressed by inositol and choline. The 5' flanking region contains two copies of the CATRTGAA motif and a 5'-AAACCCACACATG-3' GRFI site, which are involved in the regulation of expression. OPI1 and SIN3 play the role of repressors for OPI3 expression whereas UME6 is an activator of OPI3 expression
Expression is constant during late log phase and for at least 2 hours in stationary phase (at protein level) (PubMed:11849533). Probably repressed by AbrB and SinR, as well as partially by ComK (PubMed:11849533). Probably negatively regulates its own expression (PubMed:11849533, PubMed:21085634). There are 1000-3000 proteins/chromosome in exponential phase grown in minimal medium (PubMed:21085634)
Expression is positively regulated by the TRI6 and TRI10 core trichothecenes biosynthesis gene cluster transcription factor (PubMed:12620849)
Highly induced during unfolded protein response (UPR), also called endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, in a bZIP60-dependent manner (PubMed:15978049, PubMed:20944397). Induced by tunicamycin, an ER stress inducer inhibiting N-linked glycosylation (at protein level) (PubMed:15978049, PubMed:20944397). Accumulates in response to dithiothreitol (DTT) and azetidine-2-carboxylate (AZC), ER stress inducers disturbing disulfide bonds formation and acting as a proline analog, respectively (PubMed:20944397)
Upon potassium (K) starvation
Induced in response to the caterpillar P.xylostella feeding
By gellan
Strongly down-regulated by abscisic acid (ABA)
By upshift to 37 degrees Celsius
Down-regulated following hypoxia. Up-regulated in breast cancers
Induced by 24-epibrassinolide
By mitochondrial stress. Induced by white light exposure (PubMed:29500338)
Following incompatible or compatible interaction with pathogenic bacteria, but not by wounding or salicylic acid. The induction is localized and does not seem to result from a systemic response. Induction occurs more rapidly with an incompatible interaction
By beta-ketoadipate
Expression is induced during oxidative stress
Maternal MEA allele is activated by DME but repressed by MET1 in the central cell of the female gametophyte, the progenitor of the endosperm
By salt treatment in cotyledons and cold stress in pollen (PubMed:12805584, PubMed:22232384). Repressed by auxin (e.g. IAA) (PubMed:19000166)
Up-regulated in the intestine by fasting
Transcriptionally regulated by CytR and DeoR
Regulated by the Nodal pathway
By wound, in oral mucosa undergoing tooth extraction
The onset of expression occurs at 60 h old stationary cultures and the steady-state levels correlates with the onset of aflatrem biosynthesis at 108 h (PubMed:19801473)
Is slightly over-expressed in strain TIMM20092, and azole-resistant strain isolated in Switzerland
Expression is stimulated by gluscoe (PubMed:15054098). Expression is regulated by the atfB, srrA, AP-1, and msnA transcription regulators (PubMed:23281343). These factors bind respectively to the conserved motifs CRE1 (5'-TGACATAA-3'), SRRA (5'-T/GNT/CAAG CCNNG/AA/GC/ANT/C-3'), AP-1 (5'-TGAGTAC-3') and STRE (5'-CCCCT-3'), present in the promoter of aflB (PubMed:23281343). Zataria multiflora essential oil reduces gene expression (PubMed:24294264). Expression is repressed by curcumin (PubMed:23113196)
By wounding and cold stress. Induced by acclimation and repressed by chilling
Constitutively expressed, part of the cdaA-cdaR-glmM-glmS operon (PubMed:23192352)
Repressed by glucose and inositol
By alkaline pH. Expressed 12 times higher in tube cultivation grown at pH 6.1 for 2 days compared with cells cultured at pH 5.5. However, at day 4, the levels were equal at both pH values. In the fermentor cultivations, expressed 32 times more at pH 6.1 than at pH 5.0 after 24 h. At 48 h, the expression level was nine times higher at the higher pH
Expressed under anaerobic conditions
Transcription is negatively regulated by SFU1, copper, amphotericin B, and caspofungin; and induced by ciclopirox olamine
By trans-zeatin and isopentenyladenine in roots. Down-regulated by auxin and abscisic acid in roots
By various stress, such as oxidative stress, amino-acid deprivation, hypoxia and ER stress (PubMed:16670335, PubMed:19752026, PubMed:19855386, PubMed:19919955, PubMed:21159964, PubMed:22242125). Specifically produced in response to stress: in absence of stress, AltDDIT3, the upstream ORF of this bicistronic gene, is translated, thereby preventing its translation (PubMed:21285359). During ER stress, induced by a EIF2AK3/ATF4 pathway and/or ERN1/ATF6 pathway (PubMed:19855386, PubMed:21159964). Expression is suppressed by TLR-TRIF signaling pathway during prolonged ER stress (PubMed:16670335, PubMed:19752026, PubMed:19855386, PubMed:19919955, PubMed:21159964, PubMed:22242125)
By bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in endothelial cells. By interferon (IFN)
Circadian-regulation with the lowest expression in the middle of the dark period (PubMed:21183706). Induced during seed imbibition (PubMed:25655823). Induced by cytokinin (PubMed:26303297)
Negatively regulated by the Mrp homolog protein SalA and by SenS
Poorly expressed in exponential phase; induced by heat shock (20-fold, 45 degrees Celsius). Induced 10-fold by the thiol-oxidative agent diamide within 30 minutes of exposure, by 2 hours expression is again normal. Autoregulates its own expression, part of the sigH-rshA operon
Down-regulated at the ring stage by melatonin
Strongly induced (about 10-fold) by nitrosative stress
Induced by IFNG treatment in monocytes (in vitro)
Down-regulated at the onset of flowering
Repressed by Rip1 and independently by the metal chelator phenanthroline
Expression is induced during S phase and depends on the MBF transcription factor complex
Transcriptionally regulated by InvF and SicA. Also regulated by SirA
Repressed by Fur
Eexpression is up-regulated in spores
Induced by salt stress and abscisic acid (ABA)
Expressed at higher level at alkaline conditions. May be under the control of pacC, the transcription factor that regulates pH-conditional gene expression. Expression is very low under normal condition, salt condition and heat-stress condition
Induced by UV irradiation
By abscisic acid (ABA) (PubMed:20133881). In cauline leaves, activated by cold stress, but repressed by heat stress (PubMed:22525244). Within inflorescence meristems, down-regulated by both cold and heat stress treatments (PubMed:22525244). In developing siliques, activated by cold stress, but unaffected by heat stress (PubMed:22525244)
Induced by abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA) and auxin (PubMed:15181205). Up-regulated in seedlings and down-regulated in mature plant by salt stress (PubMed:21677096)
During growth on methanol
By maltose or maltodextrins, even in the presence of glucose
Up-regulated after wounding. Levels are higher with septic wounding, using either Gram-negative or Gram-positive bacteria
Autoregulated. Expressed throughout vegetative growth and sporulation. Could be post-translationally regulated
In PC-12 cells, nerve growth factor induces neuronal differentiation and represses expression of the receptor. Down-regulated also by fibroblast growth factor and dibutyryl cAMP. Epidermal growth factor, an agent that does not induce differentiation, does not repress expression. Protein kinase A appears to be an obligatory cellular component in regulation
Expressed during colonization of tomato leaves by P.infestans
Expression is positively regulated by the dothistromin-specific transcription factors aflR and aflJ (PubMed:23207690, PubMed:25986547)
By p53/TP53 in response to DNA damage
During adipogenesis. Upon insulin treatment. Up-regulated in obeses mice. Transcription is activated by KLF3 and KLF15
Encoded in an operon with groES, groEL, ydiN, ydiO and ydiP. This operon is heat-inducible
Induced in damaged or stressed epidermis
Some up-regulation in diabetic nephropathy
Isoform 1 and isoform 2 are up-regulated by estradiol during myogenic differentiation and down-regulated in fully developed myotubes
Repressed by cysteine, an effect that is attributed to CysB
Down-regulated by 24-epibrassinolide
Expression is repressed during spider biofilm formation
Induced by all-trans retinoic acid
Upon retinoic acid treatment
By heat shock and light
Down-regulated by salt or drought stress. Up-regulated by proline, hypoosmolarity or rehydration (PubMed:17106685, PubMed:20403182, PubMed:9003320, PubMed:9847097). Activated by BZIP53 (PubMed:16810321)
Inhibited by bacitracin and sulfhydryl-specific reagents
Expression is activated by FOXJ1
Mildly induced (about 4-fold) when grown in a non-replicating state
Highly induced by iron, copper and manganese deficiencies
Part of the probable 4 gene mamGFDC operon
Expression is positively regulated by the cluster-specific transcription factor MYCFIDRAFT_198930 and is up-regulated as early as 2 weeks post-inoculation and remains high through 9 weeks
Up-regulated in aggressive tumors: expression is significantly increased in stage 3 and 4 neuroblastomas, compared to stage 1 disease
Expression increases upon a variety of stimuli, including growth factors, cytokines, neurotransmitters, polypeptide hormones, stress and cell injury
By auxin (PubMed:12226665). Induced by salt stress (PubMed:24350984)
Expression is negatively regulated by the transcription factor AflR, as well as by two signal transduction elements, protein kinase A and RasA
1.8-fold induced by growth in 15% sucrose, no change upon growth at pH 5.6 (PubMed:30524381). Part of the ompR-envZ operon (Probable)
Strongly up-regulated upon D.coniospora infection
Induced by abscisic acid (ABA), auxin and gravity in roots
Induced by T3LHyp, D-proline and D-lysine, but not by trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline (T4LHyp) and L-proline
Probably part of the ramC-ramS-ramA-ramB operon
Up-regulated by slat stress (PubMed:17289662). Up-regulated by oxidative stress (PubMed:21996493)
Differentially expressed under different growth conditions. Highly expressed in sputum bacteria
No circadian regulation
Expressed equally in exponential and stationary phase in rich medium (at protein level)
Expression is induced in response to phosphate starvation in a PhoR-dependent manner
By LasR
Up-regulated by rosiglitazone, a PPARG agonist, in Caco2 and HCT116 colorectal carcinoma cells (PubMed:21088234, PubMed:23470617). Down-regulated by CRH (at protein level) (PubMed:23470617)
Up-regulated by steroid hormone
Up-regulated by IFNG/IFN-gamma stimulation in monocytes and induced on dendritic cells grown from peripheral blood mononuclear cells with CSF2 and IL4/interleukin-4
Induced by auxin (PubMed:17675404). Down-regulated by potassium deprivation (PubMed:15173595)
Up-regulated by cell depolarization and calcium entry through L-type calcium channels
Up-regulated by cold, dehydration, salt, osmotic and oxidative stresses. Up-regulated by abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA)
Increased expression in the recovery (post-stress) phases of both drought and chilling
Present at higher lower (>95%) level than cpar-1 (at protein level)
Not induced by high light
By 2-aminopurine
Preferentially expressed during the mycelial growth phase with only low levels of transcript detected in the yeast form. Induced by iron starvation and ciclopirox. Positively regulated by BCR1 and RIM101, and repressed by TUP1. Expression is also regulated by EFG1, CPH1, HAP43, and SEF1
Ethylene treatment has no effect on RNA, but down-regulates the protein levels
Expression is induced by sodium butyrate, an inhibitor of colon cancer cell proliferation
Expression is regulated by the phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase pathway
Accumulates in roots, in a RAM1-dependent manner, during colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (e.g. Glomus versiforme and G.intraradices)
In liver under fasting conditions and by thapsigargin (PubMed:12749859, PubMed:12791994). Expression is activated by ATF4 in response to stress (PubMed:17369260)
By cold shock in a PNPase-dependent fashion
During ascospore formation within the cleistothecium
Up-regulated in both the abscission zone and surrounding tissues after wounding due to embryoctomy
Induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and TNFA. Under high-fat diet, highly induced (via NF-kappa-B) in adipocytes and M1-polarized adipose tissue macrophages
Expression of the rrpa-rrpB (nrsR-nrsS) operon is induced 3-fold by Ni(2+) and less by Co(2+). Autoregulates its own expression
Restricted to actively growing cells. Peak of accumulation in the G1/S boundary and in the S phase
Induced by methyl jasmonate (MeJA, MJ) and silver nitrate (AgNO(3))
Induced when grown in presence of ammonium nitrate, L-phenylalanine, L-tryptophan and L-tyrosine
Expressed in the plant infection stage
By infection with Pseudomonas syringae
By the transcription factor c-fos
During growth with phenylacetate and phenylalanine
Induced by drought stress
Present in all phases of the cell cycle (PubMed:14742878). Induced by the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita at the nematode feeding sites (NFS), and accumulates in subsequent root galls (PubMed:12437298)
Up-regulated in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) adenocarcinoma (AC), adenosquamous cell carcinoma (ASCC), bronchioalveolar carcinoma (BAC), breast and uterus tumors
Induced by nitrogen starvation
Induced by cadmium in roots
Repressed by the transcriptional regulator GanR and induced by galactobiose. Also repressed by glucose
Up-regulated in response to the type I interferon IFNB1, in a STAT1 and STAT2-dependent manner (PubMed:1709495, PubMed:22305621). Induced by polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) (PubMed:15899864, PubMed:27663720)
Forms part of an operon with lodA
Expression is positively regulated by the brlA and abaA transcription factors (PubMed:26032501)
By nitrogen deficiency, sucrose and UV LIGHT (PubMed:17053893, PubMed:9839469). Triggered by HY5 in response to light and UV-B (PubMed:19895401)
Down-regulated by dark and high CO(2) treatment
Expression is induced in complex medium (Czapek yeast autolysate medium) supporting calbistrin production (PubMed:30598828). Expression is positively regulated by the calbistrin biosynthesis cluster-specific transcription factor calC (PubMed:30598828)
Down-regulated by wounding and activated by salicylic acid (SA)
The MCPI RNA, but not its protein, is highly induced by wounding the leaves
Induced by limited extracellular thiamine levels
Expressed during meiosis and in response to nitrogen deprivation
Up-regulated under iron-depletion conditions
Expression is almost undetectable in vegetatively growing cells (PubMed:31063135). Small amounts of transcripts accumulate between 4-8 hrs of development, continue to accumulate until they peak at 16 hrs, and decline thereafter (PubMed:31063135)
Dependent on photosynthetic conditions. Expression declines about 80-90% in the darkness. Re-illumination up-regulates the expression to normal levels. In the presence of glucose, expression is down-regulated by about 20%
Expression levels are down-regulated following differentiation in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and in differentiated mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs)
Expression is inhibited by miRNA MIR378C (PubMed:34006929). Expression is induced by PDGF (PubMed:34006929)
By rhizobial infection. In roots, expression increases up to fivefold at 3-7 days post-inoculation (dpi), with further increase at 12 dpi
Stimulated by hypoxia; suggesting that it is regulated via the HIF-pathway
By indole-3-acetonitrile, abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), sodium nitroprusside (SNP), salt stress and dehydration stress
Up-regulated in colon cancer
Highly up-regulated following high-fat diet treatment. Down-regulated upon fasting. Strongly induced in the cold environment (4 Degrees Celsius for 4 hours)
By leukemia inhibitory factor or retinoic acid in vitro. In vivo, induced during the axonal elongation period following axotomy
Regulated in a Cpx-dependent fashion
Expression is down-regulated by the presence of C2-compounds such as acetate
By IFN-alpha and IFNG/IFN-gamma
Negatively regulated by auxin
Expressed with a circadian rhythm showing a peak during the middle of the day (under long day conditions)
Following injection with puromycin which induces nephrosis, down-regulated by 40% 3 days post-injection and by 80% at day 10. Also down-regulated by HgCl2 with rapid decrease at day 3
Expression is activated by mutations in esaB and essB (newman)
Transcriptionally regulated by InvF and SicA. Also regulated by SirA (By similarity)
Isoform c is regulated by tgf-beta signaling in the early mesendoderm
By propionate, but not by glucose
By cell wall stress and the YRR1 transcription factor
By treatment with high concentrations of salt
Regulated in a cell cycle dependent manner with the lowest expression during G0 or the quiescent phase and with peak expression during G2/M phase (at protein level)
Up-regulated by fasting. Transiently up-regulated during the differentiation of pre-adipocytes
By aromatic amino acids in the growth medium. Expression also induced in ARO8 mutants grown on minimal ammonia medium
By photoperiod, by light treatment of dark-grown seedlings, and by heat shock
A 12-fold increase was seen in the presence of a low sodium-high potassium diet
By low copper concentrations
Shows high levels of constitutive expression and repressed by caspofungin
Down-regulated in shoots by copper deficiency. Not regulated by iron availability
By cytokines
Up-regulated in response to high-sucrose diet
Regulated by insulin, cAMP and dexamethasone
By touch, cold, salinity stress and ozone
Slightly induced by heat stress
Induced by primisulfuron and abscisic acid, and weakly by 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Not induced by salicylic acid, hydrogen peroxide, reduced and oxidized glutathione or cadmium
By TCF7L2 and CTNNB1
Expressed in response to phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling. Activation of PI3K results in FOXO phosphorylation by AKT1 and loss of ENTPD5 transcriptional repression. Up-regulated in PTEN-deficient cells
By heat shock. Transcriptionally regulated by CtsR (PubMed:15554981). Up-regulated by heavy metals such as Cu(2+) and Cd(2+), but Zn(2+) and Co(2+) have no effect (PubMed:22126623). Forms part of an operon with ctsR, mcsA and mcsB
Ty1-JR1 is a weakly expressed element. Induced under amino acid starvation conditions by GCN4
Constitutive, three-fold induction occurs for growth on gluconate and two-fold for growth on hexuronic acids
By lactose or galactose. The operon consists of lacABCDFEGX
Down-regulated by cold stress, wounding and infection with the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae
By ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF). Repressed by vitamin A. Induced by retinoic acid
SCE70 expression is neither significantly influenced by light nor heat shock
Expression is directly activated by ATF4/CREB2. In response to mTORC1 signal, expression is down-regulated due to degradation of ATF4/CREB2 (PubMed:23663782). Induced following DNA damage (PubMed:23562301). The expression is strongly inhibited by fasting (PubMed:24043310)
By juvenile hormone (JH)
In undifferentiated keratinocytes under postconfluency growth conditions (in vitro) (PubMed:11175259). By high glucose in retinal pigment epithelia cells (PubMed:25121097)
Overexpressed in a number of cancer tissues, such as lung adenocarcinoma and colon adenocarcinoma (PubMed:27117702)
Decreased levels on WNT3A stimulation
Negatively controlled by ExuR (PubMed:783117). Repressed by H-NS (PubMed:19429622)
By activators of Toll-like receptors, such as lipoteichoic acid (LTA) (TLR2), polyinosine-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C), a synthetic analog of dsRNA) (TLR3) and bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) (TLR4) (PubMed:16546100). Up-regulated by IL2 via STAT5 signaling (PubMed:26098997). Slightly up-regulated in osteoblasts after exposure to invasive, but not invasion-defective, strains of Salmonella typhimurium (at protein level) (PubMed:17907925)
Moderately, by hydrogen peroxide, calcium ionophore and dexamethasone
By D-glucosaminate and DgaR
During infection of human HEp-2 cells, it is strongly down-regulated by IFN-gamma cytokine
Up-regulated by polyamine biosynthesis inhibitor, difluoromethylornithine (DFMO)
Induced by TNFSF11/RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis
Transiently induced at low levels by fungal (F.oxysporum f.sp. batatas O-17) and chitosan treatments, in association with the accumulation of umbelliferone and its glucoside (skimmin) in the tubers
Down-regulated upon neuronal activity in response to an enriched environment, NMDA injection in the brain or seizures induced by kainic acid (at protein level) (PubMed:28842554). Up-regulated after social defeat stress (PubMed:30665597)
Accumulates according to a robust circadian rhythm. Displays only a moderate amplitude in the liver (1.6-fold) and none in the brain
Weakly induced by hyperosmotic stress and abscisic acid (ABA) in leaf blades (PubMed:15084714). Induced during incompatible interaction with the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Ref.2)
Protein levels in intracellular macrophage host increase with infection time (at protein level)
Positively regulated by LEC2, by NGA3 and by STY1
Expressed during exponential phase in static growth conditions (PubMed:20161777). Part of the probable 18 gene mamAB operon (Probable)
By renal osmotic stress
Up-regulated in brain upon West Nile virus infection
By ethylene, asbscisic acid (ABA), auxin (IAA), and Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolica
Regulated by HrpRS and HrpL
By estrogen and silica
By nickel and cobalt. Transcriptionally repressed by RcnR. Probably also regulated by Fur. Cadmium, copper and zinc have no effect on the transcription
Repressed by hypoxemia in fetal brain
By auxin in the roots, cytokinin in the shoot apex and sucrose in suspension cell culture. Down-regulated by salt stress in root meristem and shoot apex
Down-regulated by auxin (PubMed:8038607). Accumulates upon the removal of flower heads and young leaves (PubMed:8038607, PubMed:10598105). Triggered by jasmonic acid (MeJA) (PubMed:10965939, PubMed:15604714, PubMed:9869416)
Grg-1 message levels were found to increase within minutes following the onset of glucose deprivation and rise 50 fold during the first 90 minutes of derepression
By ferulic, p-coumaric and caffeic acids (at protein level) (PubMed:9546183). Cells extracts from caffeic acid-induced cells exhibited lower activity on the three acids, which indicates that caffeic acid could be a less efficient inducer (PubMed:9546183). Up-regulated by salicylate (PubMed:17295427)
Transcriptionally activated by MgrA. Expressed maximally during the stationary phase of growth
Carboxysome size and components vary with growth conditions. When grown in ambient air at medium light (50 uE meter(-2) second(-1)) there are 52 units of this protein per carboxysome, the numbers are stable under low light and high light, and increase under high CO(2) (at protein level). The CcmK3:CcmK4 ratio of 1:3.8 is stable over all growth conditions
By X-rays and bleomycin treatment
Accumulates during infection by filamentous (hemi)biotrophic oomycetes (e.g. H.arabidopsidis and P.parasitica) and fungal (e.g. E.cruciferarum) pathogens, being locally expressed in cells surrounding the pathogens both at early and late stages of infection (PubMed:21711359, PubMed:25274985). Induced by microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) flg22 or elf18 (PubMed:27317676)
Induced by amino acid starvation, glucose starvation and when translation is blocked. Also induced by nalidixic acid, azolocillin and H(2)O(2) (PubMed:23289863). It has been suggested that MqsA represses its own operon (PubMed:19690171). Induction is decreased in the absence of the Lon protease suggesting, by homology to other toxin-antitoxin systems, that Lon may degrade the MqsA antitoxin. Transcription is activated by MqsA (PubMed:20105222). A member of the mqsRA operon. Most highly induced gene in persister cells (PubMed:16768798). Degrades its own transcript (PubMed:23172222). This operon induced by ectopic expression of toxins RelE, HicA and YafQ but not by MazF or HicA (PubMed:23432955)
In leaves, less expressed in dark than in light
Down-regulated in gastric cancer tissue and in gastric cell lines of differentiated and poorly differentiated types
Repressed by MntR in the presence of manganese
Repressed by H-NS (PubMed:20132443). Activated by LeuO (PubMed:19429622). Activated by the BaeSR two-component regulatory system, possibly due to envelope stress (PubMed:21255106). Part of the casABCDE-ygbT-ygbF operon (PubMed:19429622)
In carbon, ammonium, phosphate and sulfate starvation conditions
Up-regulated by IL6/interleukin-6 and IL10/interleukin-10 and inhibited by CSF2/GM-CSF and IL4/interleukin-4 on antigen-presenting cells (APCs)
Down-regulated under hypoxic conditions in endothelial cells (at protein level) (PubMed:21832157). Up-regulated by growth factor (TGF-beta), cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) in keratinocytes (PubMed:20166898). Up-regulated also by glucocorticoid dexamethasone in keratinocytes (PubMed:20166898). Up-regulated in keratinocytes in response to wounding in a p38 MAPK-dependent manner (PubMed:20166898, PubMed:27182009). Up-regulated by the parathyroid hormone (PTH) in osteoblast-like cells in a cAMP/PKA-dependent manner (PubMed:15465005, PubMed:19179481). Up-regulated in response to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) (PubMed:19179481). Up-regulated during monocyte/macrophage differentiation in response to phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) (PubMed:26542173). Down-regulated by butyrate in colorectal cancer cells (PubMed:10367403)
Down-regulated under nitrogen starvation
By steroids (estrogen). Expression of VTG II is lower than that of VTG I
During sporulation
Expression is induced by neocarzinostatin (PubMed:11562456). Expression is induced during G2 phase of cell cycle (PubMed:16278933). Expression is slightly up-regulated upon exposure to boric acid (PubMed:19414602). The AMF1 promoter contains 8 predicted enhancer box (E-box) transcription factor binding domains (PubMed:24707045)
By auxin and cytokinin
The highest level of transcriptional activity is reached in the presence of choline. Regulated at the transcriptional level by a sigma-54-dependent promoter. Transcription can be activated by NtrC in the absence of a preferential nitrogen source, by CbrB in the absence of a preferential carbon source, and by the integration host factor (IHF), by favouring DNA bending. Negatively regulated by BetI in the absence of choline
By cell wall perturbation
Actively expressed at 27 degrees Celsius but not at all at a temperature higher than 35 degrees Celsius (PubMed:7592391). Expression is repressed by curcumin (PubMed:23113196)
Highly unstable; disappears during cell division but is afterwards quickly re-established in lateral root primordia and primary root (at the protein level)
Expression is dependent upon the presence of the cell wall integrity pathway mitogen-activated protein kinase SLT2 and its downstream transcription factor RLM1
During imbibition of seeds
Activated by light stimulation at night through the suppression of beta-adrenergic signaling
Constitutively expressed. TatA is the most highly expressed of the tat genes
In the liver and kidney, by peroxisome proliferator (such as Clofibrate) treatment, via the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) or fasting for 24 hours
By alpha and beta interferons, but not by gamma interferons
Not regulated by nitrate. Down-regulated upon nematode infection
Expression of this operon predominates when carbon dioxide is limiting
By CsgD
Induced by nitrogen (N) and potassium (K), but repressed by auxin (PubMed:24179095). Repressed in shoots in response to ammonium chloride NH(4)Cl and osmotic stress (e.g. mannitol) (PubMed:24179096). Triggered by nitrogen depletion (PubMed:25324386)
Constitutively expressed during exponential growth. Encoded in an operon with ydiO and in a second with groES, groEL, ydiM and ydiN. This second operon is heat-inducible
By mesoderm-inducing factors including activin, basic fibroblast growth factor, nodal2/nr-2, dvr1/vg1, vegt and t/bra. Autoinduced by derriere itself
By IFNG/IFN-gamma. Negatively regulated by microRNA-155 (miR155)
Becomes more restricted to the distal region of the root tip upon addition of aluminum (Al)
Induced by arginine and repressed by succinate
Slightly increased by endoplasmic reticulum stress
Expressed in equally in both exponential and stationary phase in rich medium (at protein level)
Expression of the proteinaceous toxin is probably controlled by an antisense sRNA, in this case rdlB. Only a few of these TA systems have been mechanistically characterized; the mechanisms used to control expression of the toxin gene are not necessarily the same (Probable)
By phenethylamine
Down-regulated in the presence of H(2)O(2)
By abscisic acid (ABA) and salt stress
Expression is controled by the transcriptional regulator srbA
By wounding and paraquat. Not induced by anoxia
Up-regulated after T-cell activation
Slightly induced by heat-shock and high intensity light
Expressed at very low levels
Light fluence rate-dependent induction, independent of light quality. Up-regulated by blue light treatment
By 3-hydroxybenzoate and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate
Strongly induced in leukocytes by the JAK/STAT pathway in response to cytokines. Induced by different cellular stresses, heat shock and cytotoxic agents
Expressed preferentially during the stationary phase in the absence of nitrate
Induced by heat shock and cold (PubMed:11402207). Induced by dehydration stress and abscisic acid (ABA) (PubMed:8075396). Up-regulated by viral infection (PubMed:15805473)
Expression is consitently weaker in the absence of BSND protein expression than it is in its presence. The half-life with BSND protein is much longer than that without it. Rapidly degraded without BSND protein, exhibiting a very short half-life of less than 1 hour
By dithiothreitol- and tunicamycin-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response (PubMed:24153418). Induced by heat shock (PubMed:23160806)
By 3-methylcholanthrene (3MC) and estradiol-17-beta
Expressed in early embryonic state, adult active, and adult anhydrobiotic state (PubMed:23029181). Transcript abundance is high and expression levels are completely unaffected by desiccation or rehydratation (PubMed:23761966)
Up-regulated upon UV-B irradiation
Not induced by Pi deficiency in roots
Down-regulated by insulin
By osmotic stress; levels decrease under saline conditions
Suppressed when monocytes are differentiated towards dendritic cells by CSF1 and IL4
Up-regulated during osteoclastogenesis (in vitro)
By dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in prostate cancer cells
By CDX1 and CDX2. Induction by CDX2, but not CDX1, is potentiated by TCF1
Expression is induced during infection and decreased by benomyl treatment
By hydrogen peroxide and UV irradiation (PubMed:14749723, PubMed:15976810). In pancreatic islets, expression increases under hyperglycemic conditions (PubMed:22611253). Expression is also induced by sulforaphane, an isothiocyanate obtained from cruciferous vegetables (PubMed:26995087)
Transcription of tehB is independent of both tellurite exposure and oxidative stress
Regulated by dietary vitamin A and exogenous retinoic acid in liver
By IFN-alphas and IFNG/IFN-gamma in hematopoietic cancer cells
Expressed constitutively. Not induced by dark treatment or sucrose starvation
Induced during growth on lactose or lactulose
By osmotic stress
Down-regulated upon neuronal activity in the hippocampus (PubMed:28842554). Up-regulated after social defeat stress (PubMed:30665597)
Down-regulated by Busulfan
Induced by abscisic acid (ABA) during seed germination (PubMed:33037128). Induced by dehydroabietinal-dependent (DA), a diterpenoid tricyclic diterpene that promotes flowering and systemic acquired resistance (SAR) (PubMed:32392578). Up-regulated by heat stress (at 30 degrees Celsius) and remains up-regulated transgenerationally in the unstressed progeny (at 22 degrees Celsius), partly via an heritable feedback loop involving HSFA2 (PubMed:30778176)
Transcription is repressed by KmtR. Induced by nickel and cobalt
By growth hormone releasing factor (GRF)
By heat shock at 40 degrees Celsius
Induced by xanthurenic acid (XA) and human serum
Optimal by PMA and ionomycin
Expression is subject to at least 3 different regulatory controls, carbon, sulfur and nitrogen repression (PubMed:870075). Intracellular cysteine and ammonia appear to be the metabolic signals for sulfur and nitrogen repression (PubMed:870075). Moreover, pH regulates expression independently from other metabolic signals, with highest levels of AEP mRNA at pH 6.5 (PubMed:8842151, PubMed:9308186). The transcriptional activator RIM101 and the Rim pathway are required for the alkaline induction of gene expression (PubMed:9199331, PubMed:11861549). Two major upstream activation sequences (UASs) are essential for promoter activity under conditions of repression or full induction. The distal UAS (UAS1) is located at position -790 to -778, whereas the proximal UAS (UAS2) localizes at positions -148 to -124 (PubMed:8264600, PubMed:10206713)
Strongly induced by catechol, less strongly by 2-methylhydroquinone (2-MHQ) but only weakly by chromanon (6-brom-2-vinyl-chroman-4-on)
Induced by Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola (PubMed:27758894). Induced by low water potential stress and treatment with exogenous proline (PubMed:24237637)
By wounding, aeroponic growth condition, darkness, sucrose, glucose and mannitol
Increases a few-fold upon upshift to 37 degrees Celsius
Induced by elevated temperature (e.g. at 25 degrees Celsius)
Up-regulated by Pseudomonas syringae avrRpt2 and fumonisin B1 (FB1)
Generated during an inflammatory reaction
Down-regulated posttranscroptionally by auxin
By diamide and 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) in a transcriptional factors YAP1 and/or MSN2/4-dependent manner
Up-regulated by transcription factors, such as MASH1, NEUROD1, NEUROG3, NGN3 and TCF3
Expression is under the control of the two-component regulatory system PhoQ/PhoP
Ty1-MR1 is a weakly expressed element. Induced under amino acid starvation conditions by GCN4
By both Co(2+) and superoxide stress
Induced by GlcNAc (PubMed:20487300). Transcriptionally activated by AtrA (PubMed:20487300). Expression is repressed by DasR in the absence of glucosamine 6-P (GlcN6P) (PubMed:16925557)
Expression is strongly increased by growth on D-arabinose, both at the mRNA and at the protein level
By alkanes or fatty acids; repressed by glucose
Up-regulated by cadmium treatment
By chromate; induction increases when cells are grown in the presence of high sulfate concentrations (3 mM SO4(2-))
Transcriptionally regulated by ZSCAN10
Inhibited by low relative humidity (LRH) via epigenetic CG methylation, thus leading to a reduced stomatal index
Expression is repressed by the zinc cluster transcription factor acuM in order to stimulate expression of genes involved in both reductive iron assimilation and siderophore-mediated iron uptake (PubMed:21062375)
In response to food intake. Stimulated by insulin
Not induced by cold, salt, drought or UV stress, or by abscisic acid or jasmonic acid
Repressed during TNFSF11/RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation
TNF alpha, IL-1 alpha, and LPS, down-regulated expression at the surface of neutrophils (at protein level) (PubMed:11994513). Expression is decreased in dendritic cells by signals inducing their maturation (e.g. CD40 ligand, TLR9 ligands, LPS, and TNF alpha) (PubMed:10438934, PubMed:18258799). Isoform 2: mRNA expression is up-regulated by agonists of neutrophils CSF2/GM-CSF, IL3/interleukin-3, IL4/interleukin-4 and IL13/interleukin-13 (PubMed:11994513)
By sox8, sox9 and snai1/snail, wnt-signaling and fgf-signaling in the neural crest-forming region
Expression in embryos at ectoderm/endoderm boundaries during gut organogenesis is induced by activation of the wg signaling cascade
Not induced under starvation conditions
Up-regulated by growth on rhamnose
Expressed only under condition of low heme concentration
Expression is under the control of RAS1. Up-regulated during colonization of the cecum and invasion of host tissue. Down-regulation correlates with clinical development of fluconazole resistance
By light, cadmium and lead. Down-regulated by salt stress and treatment with mannitol
Repressed by salicylic acid (SA) treatment
By E2F1 and serum stimulation
Not induced by wounding
Expression is decreased upon fluphenazine treatment
Up-regulated by drought, abscisic acid, osmotic stress, salicylic acid, wounding and pathogens, but very low induction by jasmonic acid
Positively regulated via the bile acid-activated nuclear receptor farnesoid X receptor (NR1H4/FXR). Up-regulated in mice lacking Mrp4, but it is unable to compensate for the absence of Mrp4
Up-regulated in embryonic fibroblasts and neuroblastoma cells by antioxidants through the Nrf2-ARE pathway (at protein level). Up-regulated by the antioxidant dithiolethione (D3T) in liver, small intestine and brain (at protein level). Down-regulated under lithium treatment
Twofold induction by far-red light and 14-fold suppression by red light
During meiosis and by external ammonia
By hydrogen peroxide, salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), ethylene, abscisic acid (ABA), fungal elicitor, infection with rice blast fungus (M.grisea) and wounding
Up-regulated by adiponectin in primary hepatocytes through the insulin signaling pathway. Down-regulated by amino-imidazole carboxamide riboside (AICAR), an AMPK activator that potentiated insulin secretion
Induced by jasmonic acid, thus triggering sesterterpenoids accumulation and reducing feeding and growth of the herbivorus insect Spodoptera exigua (PubMed:26941091). Accumulates transiently after salicylic acid treatment (PubMed:26941091)
By auxin. Repressed by miR165
Up-regulated when grown on alkanes as sole carbon source
Exhibits some circadian rhythm expression. Levels increase slightly during subjective day peaking at 10 hours. Levels decrease between 14 hours and 18 hours to peak again at 20 hours-22 hours
Positively regulated by alternative sigma factor SigD
Up-regulated by brassinolide, nematode infection and cold treatment. Down-regulated by aphid infection, 2-aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), high CO(2), isoxaben, and propiconazole treatments
Unlike the other amidase AmiE, expression of amiF is not repressed by iron
Down-regulated by hypoxia
Activated in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) following optic nerve transection. Also induced under starvation conditions, through the action of the foxo1 and foxo3 transcription factors
Up-Regulated in activated macrophages
Stimulated by hypoxia; suggesting that it is regulated via the HIF-pathway. By ER stress in a DDIT3/CHOP-dependent manner
By TNF, IL1/interleukin-1 and bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS)
Up-regulated in response to hyperosmotic shock
By the herbicide safener fenclorim
Up-regulated by srfA transcription factor
By Notch-signaling. Acts in a complex regulatory loop with other transcription factors and neural crest inducing signals at the neural plate border
By pax6
By potassium starvation in both roots and shoots of young seedlings
Induced by jasmonic acid (JA) and systemically by wounding. Slightly induced by dehydration
By auxin and cycloheximide
Is likely expressed constitutively at low levels (PubMed:25406451). Expression is induced by shikimate, via the HTH-type transcriptional regulator ShiR (PubMed:25406451). Quinate, a precursor of shikimate, also induces expression, but other organic acids such as protocatechuate, 4-hydroxybenzoate, vanillate or benzoate have no effect on the induction (PubMed:25406451)
By 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid
Expressed during serum starvation or contact inhibition of cells grown in murine fibroblasts
By salinity, drought, submergence, cold and heat stresses, and ozone
Is among the most highly expressed proteins in the proteome
Down-regulated in cancer pancreatic cells undergoing differentiation and apoptosis
By lipopolysaccharide, interferon beta and IFNG
Not regulated by abscisic acid, desiccation and osmotic stress
In response to exposure to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and upon entry into stationary phase
Expressed independently of nitrate induction and anaerobiosis
Either partial repression by glucose or induction by galactose. Induced by heat shock
This transcript is moderately expressed between 4.5 and 72 umol blue light/m2/s. The whole antenna complex is most highly expressed under low light; as the light levels increase antenna complex levels decrease. Thus at least in this strain the amount of antenna complex is controlled mostly at a post-transcriptional level. Transcription decreases upon iron starvation
Negatively regulated by the transcriptional repressor NanR. Induced by N-acetylneuraminate, via inactivation of NanR
By cis-jasmone
By gamma irradiation and chemical mutagens but not by UV irradiation
Up-regulated by BDNF
By UV-B light and oxidative stress provided by methyl viologen
By dark-induced senescence
Expression is up-regulated during development of the basidiocarp (PubMed:25957233). Expression is positively correlated with root abscisic acid (ABA) content during ectomycorrhizal interaction with poplar trees (PubMed:31504720)
Induced by TPA maximally by 2.5-fold at 4 hours, in HepG2 cells (at protein level)
Up-regulated by inflammatory stimuli
By jasmonate, ozone and high light. Circadian-regulation, with a peak in expression at the beginning of the light cycle
Induced by ethylene and abscisic acid (ABA)
Up-regulated upon depletion of mitochondrial nucleic acids
By chitin oligosaccharides, but not with polymeric chitin or chitin monomers
Up-regulated by intracellular increase in cAMP levels, such as those elicited by forskolin and epinephrine treatments, and increase in calcium (ionomycine). Up-regulated by exercise in skeletal muscle (at the mRNA level) and blood (at protein level). Drastically down-regulated by fasting. Up-regulated in skeletal muscle by refeeding; the extent of induction by refeeding may be dependent upon the muscle fiber type, being much higher in soleus than in plantaris. Both glucose and lipid are equally potent in this induction, in the absence of any gut-derived hormones. Highly induced within 4 hours of bleeding (PubMed:24880340)
Locally and systemically up-regulated by the bacterial pathogen P.syringae
The phoP/phoQ operon is positively autoregulated by both PhoP and PhoQ in a Mg(2+)-dependent manner, inhibited at high Mg(2+) concentrations (PubMed:10464230). Induced by dsbA disruption and dithiothreitol (PubMed:22267510)
Highly but transiently induced by nitrite and nitrate
Expression is increased about three-fold after 30 min of illumination, and decreased thereafter
Induced by abscisic acid (ABA) in an ABI1- and ABI4-dependent manner. Stimulated by stress conditions including high salt, osmotic stress (e.g. mannitol) and dehydration. May be induced by ABI4 but repressed by ABR1. Repressed by darkness but induced by light
Induced in late stationary growth phase
By low temperature and drought
By potassium starvation in roots of young seedlings
By hypoxia but highly abundant under normoxic conditions (at protein level)
By acetylated low-density lipoprotein
Slow-response activation by thyroid hormone (T3)
Up-regulated in many cancers cells. Up-regulated upon treatment with radiation or 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in colorectal cancer cells, suggesting that it might be associated with increased resistance of colorectal cells against radiation and 5-FU. Down-regulated upon siomycin A, a thiazole antibiotic, treatment, leading to inhibit tumor growth in vivo
Up-regulated in cryptorchid testes
By gamma-interferon
Down-regulated 6 hours following staurosporine (STS) treatment and up-regulated 24 hours following STS treatment. Down-regulated 6 hours following beta-carotene treatment, remains down-regulated 24 hours following beta-carotene treatment
Constitutively expressed under all conditions tested except for 3-fold reduction in stationary phase, standing culture and upon growth in H(2)O. 2-fold induced by starvation. Half-life of over 40 minutes
Expressed in a circadian manner in the liver with a peak at ZT16 (PubMed:19786558)
By the unfolded protein response pathway. Accumulation of unfolded proteins in the ER leads to splicing of the hacA precursor mRNA to produce the mature form
Contains three promoters, P1, P2 and P3 (PubMed:9209034, PubMed:9765583). Repressed by the regulatory protein TyrR, which binds to TyrR boxes (PubMed:9209034, PubMed:9765583, PubMed:14614536). In the absence of TyrR, the RNA polymerase (RNAP) has a higher affinity for P1 than for P2 and P3 and occupies the P1 promoter region (PubMed:9765583). When TyrR and its cofactors are present, TyrR inhibits the binding of RNA polymerase to the P1 promoter by recruiting RNA polymerase to the P3 promoter (PubMed:9765583). P1 is not repressed by TyrR alone but is repressed in the presence of phenylalanine, tyrosine or tryptophan (PubMed:9209034). P2 is partially repressed by TyrR alone and totally repressed by TyrR in the presence of tyrosine, phenylalanine or tryptophan (PubMed:9209034)
Activated by the two-component regulatory system BvgS/BvgA
In strain S1 (grown in vitro in SP-4 broth), low expression, higher expression in the presence of mammalian cells. In vitro expressed at low levels in early- and mid-log phase, transcription decreases about 130-fold by stationary phase. In vitro protein levels peak between 24-48 hours then decrease by 60 hours, remaining constant until at least 144 hours (at protein level). In the presence of HeLa cells and in infected mice, mRNA is detected at higher levels within 15 minutes, after 38 hours infection protein can be detected inside normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells (at protein level) (PubMed:20199607). Upon infection of female BALB/c mice, strain S1 shows significantly higher expression of CARDS in bronchoalveolar lavage than strains M129-B7 or M129-B9 which have little detectable protein; S1 expression is highest 1 day after infection and remains detectable until at least 10 days post-infection (at protein level) (PubMed:20508214)
By methyl viologen
Induced by cold
Repressed by MYB88 and MYB124 during stomatal development
Up-regulated by nitrate in roots while down-regulated in shoots
Under denitrifying conditions
In adipocytes, up-regulated by rosiglitazone, an insulin-sensitizing drug
Repressed after wounding or treatment with ethylene
Expression is highly induced by the CUF1 copper regulatory factor in response to copper deprivation and repressed in presence of physiologically low concentrations of copper (PubMed:15334556, PubMed:17290306). Expressed at high levels after phagocytosis by macrophage-like cells and during infection of mouse brains, but only at low levels in lungs, consistent with limited copper availability during neurologic infection (PubMed:17290306, PubMed:35506343)
By hydrogen peroxide, heat shock, paraquat, or uric acid catabolism but not by osmotic stress
By growth on mammalian cells
Induced by light, but repressed by dark (PubMed:19919572, PubMed:22526496). Up-regulated by the specific inhibitor of the biosynthesis of brassinosteroids (BRs) brassinazole (Brz) (PubMed:19919572)
By irradiation and dexamethasone
Induced by 3HPP
Accumulates in leaves during senescence mediated by the phloem-feeding green peach aphid (GPA)
Up-regulated in the mammary gland upon the onset of lactation (PubMed:28978694). Up-regulated in peripheral blood lymphocyte B cells upon activation (PubMed:28978694)
Upon cytokine activation, it is expressed at low level
Repressed by sucrose and gibberellic acid (GA)
Stabilized by cytokinins
By ischemia. Up-regulated in the microglia in the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), expression reduced back to control level at 14 days after MCAO
Increased expression during the stationary phase when grown at 70 degrees Celsius (PubMed:18699868). Increased expression during the logarithmic growth phase in oxidative stress and upon treatment with diamide. Increased expression by heavy metal ion, antibiotic, high salt and organic solvent stresses (PubMed:21054499)
By TNF. Inhibited by HIV-1 Nef
Expression is up-regulated during U.virens plant infection
Expression is repressed by the transcription repressor SRE1 under iron replete conditions (PubMed:23980626)
The botrydial biosynthesis cluster genes are co-regulated by the Ca(2+)/calcineurin signal transduction pathway, which is under the control of the alpha subunit BCG1 of a heterotrimeric G protein (PubMed:19035644). Expression of the cluster is also positively regulated by the cluster-specific transcription factor BOT6 (PubMed:27721016)
Induced by abscisic acid (ABA) and salt (PubMed:18326788). Induced by D-allose (PubMed:23397192). Induced by infection with the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) (PubMed:23826294). Induced by drought stress (PubMed:25418692, PubMed:25735958)
Levels increase from 1.4 to 3-fold in acute-phase processes such as in acute ischemia stroke (AIS), unstable angina and programmed surgery. In hepatocytes, induced by IL6 but not by other cytokines such as IL1B
By cold. Repressed by drought
By salt and ABA treatments
Induced by dark and starvation but repressed by glucose feeding subsequent to starvation in a TOR-dependent manner
Upon CD3/CD28 stimulation in CD4 T-cells. Induced by LPS in pre-B-cells
By activin in the presence of de novo protein synthesis, and by gsc and not2
Up-regulated in the presence of D-xylose, L-arabinose and D-arabinose
By oxidizing agents
Transcribed starting in early sporulation and into later stages; not expressed during vegetative growth. Second gene in the orf1-orf2-cry2Aa (cryB1) operon
Up-regulated upon p53/TP53 activation
In activated T-cells
Regulated by both cAMP and cGMP to allow differential regulation of different regulons (PubMed:12057955). Cyclic AMP is required for Vfr binding to vfr, regA, ptxR, and cpdA promoter DNA (PubMed:20494996, PubMed:25897033). Cyclic GMP instead inhibits the formation of Vfr-DNA complexes (PubMed:20494996, PubMed:25897033)
By water deficit in upland rice. Expression decreased by water deficit in lowland rice. Circadian-regulation. Expression is higher during the light phase than during the dark phase
By activin, derriere and not2
By blood feeding
Expressed during exponential growth. Expressed as both a monocistronic transcript and a mutY-fabL-sspE transcript
Expression is regulated by GCN2 and GCN4
Expressed in exponentially growing cells. Induction has been reported to occur after amino acid starvation in a ppGpp-independent fashion and to be Lon protease-dependent (PubMed:12972253), but also to not occur after amino acid starvation and to be regulated by ppGpp (PubMed:8650219). MazE alone and in combination with MazF, represses transcription of the mazE-mazF operon. Fis activates transcription. Part of the relA-mazE-mazF-mazG operon, there is also a second mazE-mazF specific promoter which is negatively autoregulated. This operon induced by ectopic expression of toxin RelE; induction of this operon by amino acid starvation requires the relBEF operon (PubMed:23432955)
Induced during glucose starvation
Expressed under high-CO2 condition
Induced by infection by the grapevine powdery mildew E.necator
By ngn1
Induced by succinate and fumarate. Expression of dctA requires the DctB, DctS and DctR proteins and is decreased in the presence of malate
By endoplasmic reticulum stress-inducing agents such as tunicamycin and thapsigargin in liver, kidney and cerebrum
Expressed under a diurnal rhythm (circadian clock control)
Induced in the theca layer of the F3 stage ovarian follicle by intravenous injection of LPS. Repressed in the granulosa layer of the F3 stage ovarian follicle by intravenous injection of LPS
Induced by sucrose and glucose. Down-regulated by auxin
Repressed by the HTH-type transcriptional regulator KdgR (PubMed:4359651). Induced in the presence of KDG (PubMed:4359651)
In the stationary phase, aerobic expression is positively autoregulated and significantly dependent on RpoS and Lrp. Its transcription is directly or indirectly repressed by FNR
By rhamnose and sugar beet pectin
Induced by VEGF and FGF2
Induced during yeast-to-hyphal transition and by osmotic and oxidative stresses. Expression is also increased when cells were grown on nonfermentable substrates as the only carbon source, in serum, and in the presence of neutrophils. Down-regulated by shikonin. Expression is controlled by EFG1, NRG1 and RIM101
By cycloheximide (CHX)
Up-regulated in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress (at protein level)
Slightly induced by water deficit
Induced by 17-beta-estradiol in bone marrow stromal cells, osteoblasts and osteoclasts
Up-regulated during monocyte differentiation into macrophages (PubMed:10639163). Down-regulated by cholesterol loading of macrophages (PubMed:10639163, PubMed:24028821)
Up-regulated in primary human gastric cancers
Appears to be constitutively expressed
By fluoride, via a fluoride-responsive riboswitch
By low temperature (12 degrees Celsius) treatment
In fruits, expression increases by propylene or abscisic acid (ABA) treatment, and is highest on day 4 and 8 of storage, respectively. Expression decreases by 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) or gibberellic acid (GA3) treatment during storage
Up-regulated in astrocytes upon reoxygenation after hypoxia
The FBPase protein levels during growth on glucose, gluconate, ribose, pyruvate, lacatate, or citrate do not vary much (inferior or equal to two-fold) with respect to the carbon source
Induced by pheromone. Down-regulated by RIM101 and inositol
The Myb-MuvB complex mediates neuron-specific expression of the carbon dioxide receptor genes Gr63a and Gr21a. Conversely, Mip120 and E2F2, are required for repression of Gr63a in inappropriate neurons
Expression is repressed by RtcR
By calcium and in psoriatic lesions
By phosphate starvation (at protein level), shown for protein in MDR25 and for RNA in MDR1. Different strains have widely differing amounts of protein that can be sheared from the cell surface, in order of decreasing quantities MDR25 >> MDR1 > PAO1 > MDR13 (PubMed:18282104)
Present from early exponential to stationary phase in equal amounts (at protein level)
Up-regulated in LPS-stimulated monocytes and macrophages, especially in polarized M1
Is up-regulated when the bacterium is grown on t4LHyp as sole carbon source
In monocytes, down-regulated by the cell-wall fraction of Mycobacterium bovis (BCG-CWS)
By 4-methoxybenzyl alcohols, anisyl and veratryl alcohols. Repressed by carbon catabolite
Repressed by high temperature (at protein level) (PubMed:27866167). Induced by oxidative stress (PubMed:27866167)
Induced by fructoselysine and psicoselysine. Makes part of the frl operon with FrlA, FrlC, FrlD and FrlR
Up-regulated in the colon, but not in spleen or liver, during infection with Citrobacter rodentium. Up-regulated by various inflammatory cytokines, including TNF, IL1B, IL17A and IL17F in colon epithelial cells
Induced under cell wall stress, but not disulfide stress, and this induction requires the CssRS two-component system, which responds to both secretion stress and cell wall antibiotics. Phosphorylated CssR acts as an anti-repressor by antagonizing YuxN repression
Induced by lead (Pb) stress (Pb(NO(3))(2))
Expression is negatively regulated by protein kinase A (PubMed:23390613)
In the absence of FabH, expression is positively regulated by the stringent response factors (p)ppGpp and DksA
Overexpressed in acid environments
Up-regulated by sigma-X and sigma-W factors
Down-regulated by (+)-menthofuran
By brassinosteroids (BRs). Up-regulated by LEC2
Strongly up-regulated in tibialis anterior muscles after denervation
Repressed by epibrassinolide
Induced by Gram-positive bacterium M.nematophilum CBX102 infection but not by Gram-negative bacterium P.aeruginosa PAO1 infection (PubMed:27525822). Induced by Gram-positive bacterium S.aureus infection (PubMed:24882217)
Expression level is low on glucose or other fermentable carbon sources. Induced about 3-fold on glycerol, and significantly induced by ethanol
By a variety of mitogenic agents in serum starved cells. Expressed in a circadian manner in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the brain and heart with peak levels between CT16 and CT20 in SCN and between CT8 and CT12 in the heart
Expression is inversely regulated in male and female in response to the male-specific pheromone cis-vaccenyl acetate (cVA) and is dependent on the active neurotransmission of cVA-sensitive neurons to second order olfactory neurons
Induced in microglia following nerve injury (at protein level) (PubMed:25690660). Induced in liver dendritic cells by physiological concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (PubMed:21257958)
Expression is up-regulated by clotrimazole and quinidine (PubMed:23629708). Expression is regulated by the pleiotropic drug resistance transcription factor PDR1 (PubMed:23629708)
Induced by hypoxia (PubMed:18231589). Expression probably induced in both active and resting C57BL/6 mouse macrophages (PubMed:20628579). Induced in persister cells (PubMed:21673191). Induced by Ethambutol, Isoniazid and streptomycin treatment and by starvation, repressed by rifampicin treatment (PubMed:28724903). Probably part of the mbcT-mbcA operon (PubMed:30792174)
Up-regulated by nucleosides (at protein level)
By 17-beta-estradiol but also by a group of natural and synthetic estrogens as well as by estrogenic environmental compounds. Repressed by the antiestrogen 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen
By Il-1 and TNF-alpha
Induced when methionine is the sulfur source, but not by sulfate
Expressed at the exponential growth phase and maximally induced during the transition from late exponential phase to stationary phase. Repressed by SarR and activated by two-component regulatory system ArlS/ArlR. Activated by SigB in strains harboring an intact sigB operon (rsbU, rsbV, rsbW, and sigB). Transcription is also attenuated by MsrR
By leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and cAMP analogs. Suppressed in the presence of astrocytic or neural-stem-like differentiation factors such as bone morphotic protein (BMP) and fetal calf serum
By heat shock and arsenic
Accumulates within 5 days in response to Sinorhizobium meliloti inoculation leading to nodulation (PubMed:15516512, Ref.2). Repressed in nodules exposed to nitrate (Ref.2)
Induced by dehydration and abscisic acid (ABA)
Transcribed under partial control of SigM ECF sigma factor (PubMed:17434969, PubMed:25918422). Expression is up-regulated in the absence of MurJ (PubMed:25918422)
By oxidative stress (at protein level)
By Al treatment
Expression is elevated in the myocardium during heart failure, and decreased in inter-uterine growth restriction (IUGR)-associated placenta
Binding activity reduced by FKBP5
By the zinc-responsive transcription factor ZAP1 in response to zinc deficiency and by mild heat stress
Induced by increasing copper concentrations under microaerobic respiration and anaerobic photosynthetic conditions (PubMed:26396241, PubMed:34791351). Not detected under aerobiosis even at high copper concentrations (PubMed:34791351). Full induction requires the presence of the transcriptional regulator CopR (PubMed:26396241)
Up-regulated by forskolin and thyrotropin (at protein level)
Transcript abundance is high and expression levels are not significantly affected by desiccation or rehydratation (PubMed:23761966)
Expression is regulated by the transcription factor ERG
Down-regulated by cytokinins and up-regulated by auxin
Expression correlates with aurofusarin production and is restricted to vegetative mycelia (PubMed:16461721). Expression is negatively regulated by the MAPK-mediated osmotic stress-signaling pathway (PubMed:17897620)
Expressed during growth on poplar wood (at protein level)
Expression is probably regulated by riboflavin, via an FMN riboswitch
Induced during biofilm formation on catheters inside the host (PubMed:25406296). May be repressed during biofilm formation ex vivo (PubMed:21769633)
Up-regulated by P.aeruginosa, PAO1 strain and PA14 strain infection and down-regulated by phagocytic stimuli and growth on bacteria
By beta-aminobutyric acid (BABA) and elicitors of pattern-triggered immunity (PTI), such as flg22 and elf26 peptides
By salt stress and light
Strongly up-regulated by hypoxia. Up-regulated by dexamethasone in skeletal muscles. Up-regulated in various cellular models of Parkinson disease (at protein level)
Repressed at pH values above 6 and progressively induced at more acidic pH values
Expressed at very low levels in untreated trophozoites of the parasite. Expression is markedly stimulated in nitrite-supplemented medium. Induction by nitrite is probably mediated by NO, likely generated upon reduction of nitrite. Also induced in cells grown in the presence of the NO-donors 3,3-bis(aminoethyl)-1-hydroxy-2-oxo-1-triazene (DETA-NONOate), and S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO)
Part of the mgtC/mgtB operon. Induced by low extracellular levels of Mg(2+)
Induced by DNA damage, repressed by LexA (PubMed:10760155). Induced in response to low temperature (PubMed:8898389). Sensitive to temperature through changes in the linking number of the DNA. Induced by cold shock (42 to 15 degrees Celsius) (at protein level) (PubMed:8898389). 5.1-fold induced by hydroxyurea treatment (at protein level) (PubMed:20005847). mRNA levels are repressed in a mazE-mazF-mediated manner (PubMed:22412352)
Induced during starvation conditions (PubMed:23461567). Regulated by ArnS (PubMed:27731916)
Strongly induced by ethephon (ethylene-releasing compound) in buds and to lower extent in leaves. Strongly induced by cycloheximide and mechanical stimuli. Wounding leads to a both local and systemical transient expression, independently of ethylene, and through a de-novo-protein-synthesis-independent regulation. Not influenced by methyl-jasmonate. Induction by purified xylanase from Trichoderma viride (TvX) and another elicitor from Phytophthora infestans (PiE), that appears to be mediated by a protein kinase cascade, and to be negatively regulated by protein phosphatases
Circadian-regulation at the protein level, but not at the mRNA level. Strongly decreased expression during the dark phase. Accumulates at high levels at the beginning of the day
Induced on trimethylamine or methanol, but not on acetate as the sole energy source
Up-regulated 24 hours after starvation and then appears to return to normal expression levels 48 hours after nutritional starvation
Expression is induced by mitochondrial DNA deletions, chloramphenicol and nicotinamide
Repressed in germinating seeds by microRNA159 (miR159)-mediated cleavage in an abscisic acid (ABA) and ABI3-dependent manner, probably to desensitize hormone signaling during seedling stress responses (PubMed:15226253, PubMed:17217461). Induced by increased upon gibberellic acid (GA) treatment (PubMed:20699403)
In fibroblasts at times and sites of tissue remodeling during development, tissue repair and carcinogenesis. Up-regulated upon tumor stem cell differentiation. Up-regulated by transforming growth factor-beta, 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate and retinoids
By TNF and IL6/interleukin-6
Induced by diethyl maleate (PubMed:12235164). Up-regulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and oxygen (PubMed:11136724)
By red light
Levels of this protein are positively controlled by the second messenger c-di-GMP (at protein level) at a post-transcriptional level. Increased levels of c-di-GMP lead to increased levels of PgaD
By membrane depolarization or forskolin
Subject to nitrate and nitrite induction, and nitrogen metabolite repression. CrnA expression is mediated by the products of nirA, areA, and niaD
Expression is activated by IRF1 (PubMed:29321274). Up-regulated following interferon treatment (PubMed:10564822, PubMed:29073079). By lipopolysaccharides (LPS) (PubMed:10564822)
By D,L-threo-3-hydroxyaspartate
By 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) in MNCs from adults. By the heterodimer AHR/ARNT
By flavonoids
Locally induced during infections with both compatible and incompatible Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis isolates, specifically in cells containing haustoria or directly surrounding the intercellular hyphae (PubMed:18248595, PubMed:25376907). Induced by the salicylic acid analog BTH. Accumulates in constitutive defense mutants (e.g. sid2 and npr1 mutants) (PubMed:18248595). Accumulates upon infection with the downy mildew Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis, the powdery mildew Erysiphe orontii, and the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae as well as salicylic acid (SA) treatment (PubMed:25376907)
Up-regulated by p53/TP53
Down-regulated by antioxidants BO-653 and probucol
Induced by Calcofluor White (PubMed:9234668). Repressed by alpha-factor (PubMed:9234668). Unchanged during sporulation (PubMed:9234668)
By GATA-1 during erythroid maturation
By IL9/interleukin-9, but not by IL2/interleukin-2 or IL4/interleukin-4
Up-regulated by salt
The trimeric FdhABC(3) complex is the main formate dehydrogenase enzyme in the presence of molybdenum
Expression is up-regulated at the earlier infection stages
By 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC, ethylene precursor), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), and Botrytis cinerea. Also induced by cadmium
Induced by nitrogen limitation
Submicromolar concentrations of NO induce NorV-dependent NO consumption; as NO reductase is sensitive to oxygen, no activity is detected in its presence. Repressed by oxygen in the presence of NO. Different effects on anaerobic induction in the absence of NO, and in the presence of N(O)3- or N(O)2- have been reported. Transcription is negatively regulated by FNR and does not require NarL or NarP
Down-regulated in gastric and colorectal carcinomas, suggesting that it may be used as a marker for distinguishing between benign adenomas and premalignant lesions (at protein level)
Expression is induced by the azasperpyranone transcriptional regulator ATEG_07667
Up-regulated with increasing cell-density by HNRNPD. Up-regulated in ovarian and breast cancer cells by ERBB2 overexpression. Not induced by TGFB1
By bacterial and fungal infection (at protein level) (PubMed:14645501, PubMed:9736738, PubMed:32038657). Detected within 24 hours of bacterial infection (at protein level) (PubMed:14645501, PubMed:9736738). Induced by Gram-positive bacteria M.luteus (at protein level) (PubMed:32038657)
Accumulates in response to ultraviolet-B (UV-B) illumination
By infection with the endomycorrhizal fungus G.versiforme
Up-regulated by estrogen in breast cancer cells lines
By MYC overexpression in a concentration dependent manner in neuroblastoma cell line
By seawater acclimation in sexually maturing migratory silver eels but not in sexually immature non-migratory yellow eels
Up-regulated by IL4/interleukin-4 and dexamethasone in the macrophages. Up-regulated by glucocorticoid
By dithiothreitol-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response (PubMed:22050533, PubMed:21223397). Induced by salt stress (PubMed:22050533)
By brassinosteroids, osmotic stress and high salinity. Accumulates in response to SA, ethylene, methyl jasmonate (MeJA), flagellin (e.g. flg22), and type A trichothecenes such as T-2 toxin and diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), but not in response to type B trichothecenes such as deoxynivalenol (DON)
Induced by zeatin (PubMed:29258424). Repressed by abscisic acid (PubMed:29258424)
By type I interferons (PubMed:21478870). By M. tuberculosis infection (PubMed:34722780)
Up-regulated by the osteoclast differentiation factor TNFSF11 (PubMed:17668438). Down-regulated upon neuronal differentiation (PubMed:8995448). Down-regulated in presence of retinoic acid (PubMed:7904822). Down-regulated by dibutyryl cyclic AMP (PubMed:8065921)
By starvation and high osmolarity
By cocaine and amphetamine
By auxin, pathogens and heavy metal ions
Up-regulated under hypertonic conditions
Expression is down-regulated by ras
Up-regulated during aging in intestinal stem cells
By glucocorticoids. Activated by fatty acids
By submergence in seedlings
Up-regulated in intestine by exposure to a low-calcium diet (PubMed:17129178, PubMed:22878123). Down-regulated in intestine in response to a high-calcium diet (PubMed:17129178)
By auxin and salicylic acid (SA). Repressed by jasmonic acid (JA)
Expression is induced during infection of coleoptiles of wheat seedlings (PubMed:23266949, PubMed:25333987). The fusaoctaxin A gene cluster is silenced by H3K27 trimethylation by the histone methyltransferase KMT6 (PubMed:31100892)
Up-regulated in response to liver X receptor/NR1H3 or NR1H2 agonist GW3965 (PubMed:28846071, PubMed:25898003, PubMed:25806685, PubMed:24206663). Up-regulated in peritoneal macrophages upon exposure to 22(R)-hydroxycholesterol (PubMed:24206663)
Down-regulated during neuronal differentiation. Down-regulated by pro-apoptotic stimuli (PubMed:21212266)
By maltose; repressed by glucose
Down-regulated by angiotensin II in a NFATC3-dependent manner (PubMed:15322114)
Up-regulated by both CYC and DICH
Up-regulated by androgen in a prostate cancer cell line
Up-regulated during macrophage differentiation in response to IL33
Induced by transcription factor stuA upon carbon starvation and during early sexual development
Weakly expressed in exponential phase, expression peaks as cells enter stationary phase then falls again. 30-fold induced by iron-starvation, 60-fold by heat shock, 70-fold by streptomycin and kanamycin. 2-fold repressed by ethanol and streptomycin. Slightly induced during entry into hypoxia, by NO, cAMP, in mouse infections and 15-fold induced in macrophage infection
By nutritional state, up-regulated by fasting, fluid deprivation and insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Orexin-A immunoreactivity varies diurnally and peaks during the dark phase, in the pons and the location of locus coeruleus
By isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG)
Down-regulated by 1-N-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA), an auxin efflux inhibitor
Induced by RpoS and IHF in the early stationary phase. Induced by OxyR in response to oxidative stress during exponential phase. ClpXP probably directly regulate proteolysis of dps during exponential phase. ClpAP seems to play an indirect role in maintaining ongoing dps synthesis during stationary phase
Expression is repressed during the growth phase, but is induced as the growth rate decreases due to nitrogen depletion of the culture medium (PubMed:12409099). Highly expressed only under acidic culture conditions (PubMed:12409099, PubMed:19400779). Also induced by salt starvation (PubMed:19838698). Expression is repressed by regulatory gene, areA, a transcriptional regulator responsible for the activation of nitrogen assimilation genes (PubMed:12409099). Expression is also negatively regulated by vel1 (PubMed:20572938)
Expression is increased by fivefold in rice-extract medium (REM) and is correlated with the production of pyriculol (PubMed:27902426). Expression is also increased during invasive growth during rice infection (PubMed:27902426). Expression is negatively regulated by the 2 cluster-specific transcription factors TRF1 and TRF2 (PubMed:27902426)
Expression is increased in response to DNA replication stress
By the sigma(32) subunit of RNA polymerase
Expression is induced in the presence of benzoic acid (PubMed:10852481, Ref.3). Expression regulation is particularly complex, involving regulatory promoter elements, differential promoter use and regulation at the post-transcriptional level (PubMed:10852481)
By NaCl
Induced by exposures to biotic stress (e.g. nematode and Botrytis cinerea) and abiotic stress (e.g. salt, genotoxic, wounding, drought and oxidative stress). Repressed by exposures to biotic stress (e.g. Agrobacterium tumefaciens) and abiotic stress (e.g. hypoxia, cycloheximide, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, AgNO(3) and aminoethoxyvinylglycine)
Down-regulated by light in a phytochrome A-dependent manner, via protein destabilization and subsequent degradation by the 26S proteasome (at protein level). Reduced transcription in light conditions in a HY5-dependent manner
Up-regulated by kainic acid-induced seizures (PubMed:17577668). Up-regulated after contextual fear conditioning (PubMed:15519747). Down-regulated at day 2 after axotomy and up-regulated at day 7 after axotomy (PubMed:17234598, PubMed:12957493)
Induced by phenol and 4-chlorophenol but not by hydrogen peroxide
By pathogens (e.g. Pseudomonas syringae), wounding, abscisic acid (ABA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Higher levels in light than in dark conditions (PubMed:12232208, PubMed:7506426). Induced by infection with the fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum (PubMed:26075826)
Induced by fructoselysine and psicoselysine. Makes part of the frl operon with FrlA, FrlB, FrlC and FrlR
Transiently down-regulated by cold
Expressed in the late exponential growth phase and at higher levels in the stationary phase. A member of the dosCP operon. Expression is RpoS dependent and is higher at 28 degrees Celsius than at 37 degrees Celsius
Expressed at low levels during late logarithmic and stationary growth (at protein level) (PubMed:28851853)
Up-regulated by the transcription factor ELK1 in a interleukin IL1B-dependent manner through activation of the NF-kappa-B and ERK signaling pathways (PubMed:19747262, PubMed:20137095, PubMed:22037600). Up-regulated by chemokine CCL2 in endothelial cells and in peripheral blood monocytes (PubMed:16574901, PubMed:18364357). Up-regulated in activated T lymphocytes (PubMed:23185455). Up-regulated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) in primary T lymphocytes (PubMed:19909337, PubMed:23185455). Up-regulated by interleukin IL17 in keratinocytes (PubMed:26320658). Up-regulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (PubMed:19909337). Up-regulated by tumor necrosis factor TNF-alpha and interleukin IL1 in acute monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1 cells (PubMed:18178554, PubMed:19909337). Up-regulated by amyloid precursor protein (APP) (PubMed:19185603)
(Microbial infection) Up-regulated in response to Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and dengue virus (DEN) infections (PubMed:23355615)
By light in a cytokinin-dependent manner and N(6)-benzylaminopurine (BA). Also induced by sucrose, glucose and fructose. Induced by several abiotic stresses like salt, cold, heat, oxidative, drought, PEG8000, glucose treatments as well exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) application (PubMed:25058458)
Sensitive to nitrogen catabolite repression
Induced by arabinose. Transcription is dependent on the transcription factor AraC, the cAMP receptor protein (CRP) and cAMP (PubMed:328165, PubMed:2962192, PubMed:7768852). Also induced by L-lyxose (PubMed:10913097)
By contact with cutin
Induced by n-alkanes
Up-regulated by NGF
Induced by RGF1 peptides
In contrast to the other two peroxiredoxins, HYR1/GPX3 expression is constitutive, not stress-induced
Overexpressed in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients
By wounding. Rapid but transient down-regulation by salicylic acid treatment or pathogen infection
Part of the tapA-sipW-tasA operon (PubMed:10464223). Expression is directly repressed by the DNA-binding protein master regulator of biofilm formation SinR and activated by the extracellular matrix regulatory protein RemA (PubMed:16430695, PubMed:23646920). Expressed constitutively at a low level (PubMed:9694797). Also positively regulated by the sporulation transcription factors sigma H and Spo0A and repressed by the transition phase regulatory protein AbrB, probably indirectly (PubMed:10464223)
Inhibited under glucose deprivation
By IL10/interleukin-10
Up-regulated in granular cells of the dentate gyrus of CA1 and CA3 after kainate-induced seizures (PubMed:12871996). Up-regulated by high-fat-diet and aging-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress (PubMed:28092655). Expression level fluctuation follows the circadian clock amplitude (PubMed:28092655)
By IFNG/IFN-gamma. Up-regulated in TNF treated lung fibroblasts
By cold stress, and by infection with the fungus A.alternata and the parasite H.polygyrus
Up-regulated by light and down-regulated by Li(+)
Up-regulated by auxin and down-regulated by brassinolide
Down-regulated by high dietary Mg(2+) levels
Specifically down-regulated by H.schachtii (cyst nematodes) in nematode-induced syncytia
By the X.oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) transcription activator-like effector (TALe) proteins (artificial TAL effectors)
By cAMP, glucocorticoids, phorbol esters and insulin
Not regulated at the transcript level, but circadian-regulation at the protein level with a peak at the end of the subjective day
Up-regulated by exposure to prolactin or interleukin-2
Expression is induced in the stationary phase
Induced in response to low levels of nitric oxide (NO)
Up-regulated by cytokinin, auxin, paclobutrazol and gibberellin A3 (GA3)
By anaerobiosis and indoleacetic acid (IAA) + benzyladenine (BA) + LiCl treatment
By salicylic acid (SA), ethylene and infection with rice blast fungus (M.grisea)
By cadmium, and to a lesser extent by mercury, copper, heat, hydrogen peroxide and IL-6
Down-regulated in breast tumors
Is expressed at a very high level and is reciprocally regulated with dapL and dapF
Transcribed both as part of an operon and from its own specific promoter during sporulation (PubMed:10986251). Transcription is stimulated by WhiG (PubMed:22355671)
Down-regulated by microRNA-221 (miR-221)
The arpABC operon was not seen to be induced by carbenicillin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin nor by hexane, toluene or p-xylene
Expression is induced during iron deprivation (PubMed:18404210). Also induced in response to reactive nitrogen species (PubMed:16030248). Expression is regulated by the transcription factor SRE1 (PubMed:22117028)
Up-regulated by a wide range of conditions, such as intracellular iron depletion, carbon source restriction, high temperature, high osmotic stress, cold stress, unfolded protein response, and high hydrostatic pressure. The promoter contains several binding sites for the stress response transcription factors MSN2, MSN4 and HSF1. Down-regulated when treated with different antifungal drugs from the azole class
Up-regulated by As(III)
Induced by low extracellular levels of Mg(2+) via the PhoP/PhoQ two-component regulatory system (PubMed:10464230) (Probable). In exponential phase (at protein level) (PubMed:19121005). By dithiothreitol (PubMed:22267510)
During anaerobic conditions
Expressed in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress (PubMed:31721015). By lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (PubMed:30881595)
Expression is regulated by the upstream regulator ada1 (PubMed:24161731)
3-fold in leaves and 2-fold in roots 1 day after exposure to high sodium chloride
By the unfolded protein response pathway. Accumulation of unfolded proteins in the ER leads to activation of IRE1, which initiates splicing of the untranslated HAC1 precursor mRNA to produce the mature form
Up-regulated by osteopontin
By estrogen, tamoxifen and growth hormone. Repressed by progesterone and by the antiestrogen ICI 182780
Upon B-cell activation
Expression increases during wine fermentation
By LPS immunostimulation. In hemocytes, expression increases sharply at 3 hours, decreases slightly at 6 hours, increases significantly again at 24 hours and decreases at 48 hours after LPS injection. In muscle, expressed less than the control in the first 6 hours, then the expression increases strikingly from 6 to 24 hours and decreases at 48 hours after LPS injection
During compatible and incompatible interactions with Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, especially in the infected epidermis. Induced by abiotic stresses such as wounding, cold, drought, and salt
Down-regulated by cystine
Expression is induced during mycelial growth and at 14 days after infection, corresponding to the development of pycnidia on oilseed rape leaves (PubMed:25727237)
Up-regulated in synovial fluid mononuclear cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Not regulated by light or plant N status. Up-regulated at the protein level but not at the transcript level by medium acidification
By gibberellic acid (GA). Inhibited by abscisic acid (ABA)
Up-regulated during adipocyte differentiation (PubMed:17288565, PubMed:22701344). Up-regulated transiently in response to fibroblast growth factor FGF4 in a MAPK-dependent manner in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) (PubMed:24733888). Up-regulated by interferons and/or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in a STAT1- and p38 MAPK-dependent manner (PubMed:11533235, PubMed:16514065, PubMed:16508014, PubMed:16508015). Down-regulated in muscle satellite cells upon muscle injury (at protein level) (PubMed:25815583). Up-regulated by various mitogens (PubMed:7559666). Up-regulated by LPS and TNF-alpha (PubMed:9703499). Up-regulated by interferon IFN-gamma and/or LPS in a STAT1- and p38 MAPK-dependent manner (PubMed:15187092, PubMed:16514065). Up-regulated during adipocyte differentiation (PubMed:22701344). Up-regulated in keratinocytes during epidermal repair after wound healing (PubMed:20166898). Down-regulated during the conversion from quiescence to activated satellite cells upon muscle injury (PubMed:23046558, PubMed:25815583)
In the prostate, up-regulated in response to androgen deprivation
By stress; by heat shock
By injury to the larval cell wall
By N-acetylchitooligosaccharide elicitor (PubMed:12956525). Induced by UV-C (PubMed:24035516)
By high fat and high carbohydrate diets
Up-regulated by 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone (DMBQ), 5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (juglone), 2,6-dimethylbenzoquinone and menadione (PubMed:11260494, PubMed:20424175). Up-regulated by host root contact (PubMed:20424175)
Amino-acid starvation stabilizes protein level (PubMed:21847093). Up-regulated upon impaired ribosome biogenesis and starvation (PubMed:25393288)
Negatively regulated by TFL1 and by the C class floral homeotic protein AGAMOUS. Positively regulated by CAULIFLOWER
By light in etiolated seedlings (at protein level)
Up-regulated upon glucose treatment
Induced at high levels by nitrate under anoxic conditions in the dark. Induced by oxic conditions, even in the absence of nitrate. It is suggested that the extent of electron flux to nitrate or oxygen, under anoxic or oxic conditions, respectively, serves as the signal for induction
Induced by infestation with spider mites (PubMed:30042779). Down-regulated in roots in response to drought stress (PubMed:7823904)
By nerve injury (PubMed:9465296). Expression is activated by p53/TP53 (PubMed:23690620)
Under starvation and during sporulation. Also by pheromones and calcium in a calcineurin-dependent manner
Increased expression during neural differentiation
Not induced by methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) treatment
Induced in response to potato aphid (e.g. M.euphorbiae) infestation and root-knot nematode (e.g. M.javanica) inoculation. Up-regulated by salicylic acid (SA) and suppressed by methyl jasmonate (MeJA)
Up-regulated during the lipopolysaccharide/LPS-induced inflammatory response (at protein level) (PubMed:16950869). Up-regulated by IL6 (PubMed:15863613, PubMed:16950869, PubMed:17065364). Up-regulated by interleukin-1/IL1 via nitric oxide (PubMed:19179618). Up-regulated upon endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by tunicamycin or high-fat diet (at protein level) (PubMed:28673968). Up-regulated into hepatocytes upon glucose uptake (at protein level) (PubMed:27703010). Up-regulated by iron in retina (at protein level) (PubMed:28057442)
Differentially expressed under different growth conditions
Up-regulated during differentiation from monocytes to macrophages (PubMed:27472885). Down-regulated by digoxin
Strictly inducible. Induced by 3-hydroxybenzoate and gentisate
By cytokinin in roots, shoots and leaves (PubMed:17408920, PubMed:22383541). Induced by infection with the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae (PubMed:23234404)
Regulated by IL2/interleukin-2 in peripheral blood T cells
Up-regulated by pathogens, abscisic acid, etephon, salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate
Exhibits circadian oscillation expression in SCN, liver, skeletal muscle, testis and eyes. In the SCN, highest levels during subjective day at CT6 and CT9, lowest levels at night, CT15, CT18 and CT 21. In the liver, skeletal muscle, testis and eyes highest levels at CT15, CT15-CT18, CT9 and CT15, and CT9-CT15, respectively. During subjective night, unresponsive to light exposure
Expression is positively regulated by the transcriptional regulator wor1 (PubMed:24521437, PubMed:27274078). Expression is down-regulated during biotrophic growth within tomato leaves (PubMed:27997759)
Repressed in darkness. Accumulates during leaf senescence
Down-regulated after axotomy and up-regulated following hind paw inflammation. Down-regulated in vitro by electrical stimulation and by deprivation of NGF
Induced by copper in roots, but not in shoots
Repressed by glucose but is activated in the presence of non-fermentable carbon sources or salt stress. The latter transcriptional activation of NSF1 is partially dependent on the SNF1 signaling pathway
By abscisic acid (ABA) treatment (PubMed:11798174). Induced by salt, heat and drought stresses
By dark-induced senescence. Induced by infection with an avirulent strain of the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonase syringae pv. tomato DC3000
The hydroperoxide product serves to activate the resting enzyme. The activation is accompanied by the oxidation of Fe(2+)entadiene structure. L-1 prefers anionic substrate
By viruses and IFN
By lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and inflammation
By glucose starvation
The expression in monocytes is highly induced by 27-hydroxycholesterol, priming monocytes/macrophages such that LPS-mediated inflammatory reaction is accelerated. Secretion of soluble CD14 is also enhanced
Is regulated by the GacS/GacA two-component system that controls P.entomophila pathogenicity. Seems also regulated by PrtR
By TGFB1 and BMP2
By N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate
Not induced by dehydration or abscisic acid (ABA)
Up-regulated in kidney and liver following in utero morphine treatment
Repressed by AS2 in adaxial tissue
Induced by SigK
Transcribed at a high level under all of the conditions tested
Up-regulated after TSH stimulation
Transcription is regulated in a cell cycle-dependent manner, with maximal expression around the time of septum formation
Constitutively expressed, but on a much lower level than phd1 (only 4.8% of the amount of transcript)
By interferon-alpha and interferon-gamma, in spleen and liver
Transcriptionally repressed by RetS and activated by LadS
Induced upon antigen stimulation
By wounding and transition from dark to light
Induced by anti-inflammatory mediators such as glucocorticoids, interleukin-6/IL6 and interleukin-10/IL10; suppressed by pro-inflammatory mediators like bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), IFNG/IFN-gamma and TNF
By 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid (INA) and salicylic acid (possibly an endogenous signal for acquired resistance). Strongly induced by infection with the bacterial pathogen P.syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (PubMed:1392589). Induced by infection with avirulent and virulent strains of P.syringae pv. maculicola (PubMed:1824335). Induced by infection with the turnip vein clearing virus (TVCV) and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) (PubMed:23656331)
Not induced by p53/TP53 or TP73/p73
Induced by alpha interferon (at protein level)
Induced in response to leucine limitation. Regulated via the T box transcriptional antitermination system
By the mycorrhizal fungus G.intraradices colonization in roots
By deprivation of nitrate
Expressed in early embryonic state, adult active, and adult anhydrobiotic state (PubMed:23029181). Transcript abundance is low but expression is slightly up-regulated in the inactive stage (during anhydrobiois) (PubMed:23761966)
By growth on acetate
By angiotensin-II or its agonist CGP42112A, via MTUS1 and PTPN6 (at protein level)
Transcription is CssS dependent. Induced by heat shock during exponential growth and by heterologous amylases at the transition phase of the growth cycle. Negatively regulates its own expression during exponential growth and during heat shock
Up-regulated in response to polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)), and interferon phi 1 (ifnphi1)
Most highly expressed when the upstream czcCBA transcript is not induced
Strongly induced by wounding. Induced by Pseudomonas syringae tomato (both virulent and avirulent avrRpt2 strains), independently of PAD4. Also induced by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) independently of JAR1, but seems to not be affected by ethylene. Induction by salicylic acid (SA) is controlled by growth and/or developmental conditions, and seems to be more efficient and independent of PAD4 in older plants
By interleukin-1, interleukin-6, and TNF-alpha
By a subset of cytokines including those belonging to the interferon, interleukin and colony-stimulating factor families
mRNA stability is at least partially under the control of CsrA; loss of csrA leads to higher transcript levels, possibly mediated by protein binding to the mRNA (PubMed:7751274)
By gamma rays treatment
Repressed by pro-inflammatory cytokines
Expressed in a circadian manner in the aorta
Expression is increased in the absence of the C-24(28) sterol reductase ERG4
Induced during growth on sulfolactate or cysteate
Induced by high light (HL) but repressed by low light (LL). Slightly inhibited by cold
Inhibited by low concentrations of calcium
Not induced by Pi deficiency
Up-regulated by bile acids, when grown in the presence of deoxycholate or chenodeoxycholate
By salt stress, but not by abscisic acid
The gene for SUS1 bears 2 introns, and its expression is highly regulated by splicing, translation and decay. The presence of the introns thereby play a key role for SUS1 function in yeast
Expression is cooperatively activated by MYB and CEBPG
By dorsal wnt signaling. Inhibited by bmp signaling
By carbon monoxide; under anaerobic conditions
Induced by the crown rust fungus Puccinia coronata
Down-regulated by treatment with cadmium
By Legionella pneumophila infection
Most expressed in mid- to late-log growth phases (at protein level) (PubMed:20889757). Has 3 promoters, P1 (upstream of nagK) gives rise to a nagK-cobB transcript, P2 (within the nagK coding region) gives rise to a transcript able to generate both CobB isoforms, while P3 (nucleotide 44 of the long isoform) can only give rise to the CobB-Short isoform (PubMed:20889757)
Transcriptionally regulated by SicA and InvF. Also regulated by InvE (By similarity)
Expression is highly up-regulated in azole resistant strains and in the presence of miconazole
Maximally expressed during post-exponential growth phase. Repressed by SarT
By growth factors in early G1 phase and probably by cell-cycle regulation in S phase. DNA methylation probably plays a direct negative role in suppressing S100L gene expression in tumor cells
In brain and kidney, during hibernation torpor (at protein level)
Rapid but transient down-regulation by wounding, salicylic acid treatment or pathogen infection
Expression is up-regulated during the biotrophic phase of infection on potato plants
Expression is induced by growth in hypoxic conditions and by caspofungin and ketoconazole. Expression is negatively regulated by BCR1, HOG1, PLC1, RIM101, SSN6, and SUR7
Not regulated by pathogen infection, elicitor treatment and flg22, a 22-amino acid sequence of the conserved N-terminal part of flagellin
Expressed from S phase through G2 and M phases and are degraded at the end of mitosis. Expression is down-regulated by the anti-fungal agent plagiochin E (PLE)
Expression is repressed by micro-RNA mir-124 (at protein level)
By homocysteine, 2-mercaptoethanol, tunicamycin in endothelial cells. Induced approximately 20-fold during in vitro differentiation of the colon carcinoma cell lines HT-29-D4 and Caco-2. Induced by oxidative stress in colon cancers. Decreased expression in colon adenomas and adenocarcinomas. Induced by nickel compounds in all tested cell lines. The primary signal for its induction is an elevation of free intracellular calcium ion caused by nickel ion exposure. Okadaic acid, a serine/threonine phosphatase inhibitor, induced its expression more rapidly and more efficiently than nickel
Expression is up-regulated during tomato leaf infection (PubMed:21722295). Expression of the botcinic acid clusters genes BOA1-13 and BOA17 is coregulated by BCG1 during both in vitro and in planta growth (PubMed:18208491, PubMed:21722295)
Rapidly up-regulated by hyperosmotic stress, which is dependent on dstC. Strongly inducible by 8-bromo-cGMP and to a lesser extent by 8-bromo-cAMP. Not induced by DIF (differentiation-inducing factor- a chlorinated hexaphenone)
Up-regulated by ER stress
Activated in an LPA-dependent manner by LPAR1 and in an LPA-independent manner by LPAR2
By starvation, heat shock and in response to some toxic agents
By gibberellin in aleurone cells
By abscisic acid (ABA), and cold and salt stresses
Induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and its induction is dependent upon PKC activity
Up-regulated in liver and small intestine by cholesterol feeding (PubMed:11099417). Up-regulated via the oxysterols receptor LXR/retinoic X receptor (LXR/RXR) pathway (PubMed:14657202). Endotoxin (LPS) significantly decreased mRNA levels in the liver but not in the small intestine (PubMed:12777468)
Up-regulated by EOBII (PubMed:20543029). Triggered by EOBI in flowers via the regulation of its promoter (PubMed:23275577). Circadian-regulation with peak levels occurring at the end of the light period in flowers; this expression is monitored by LHY binding and repression to cis-regulatory evening elements in its promoter (PubMed:26124104)
Expressed at low levels at both 28 and 37 degrees Celsius
Up-regulated during differentiation of the N1E-115 neuroblastoma cell line
Constitutively expressed in vitro
Expression occurs in a growth phase-dependent manner with optimal expression at post-exponential phase. Up-regulated by Agr (accessory gene regulator) and repressed by SarA (staphylococcal accessory regulator) and sigmaB factor
Expression is regulated by MYEF2 and MYOD1
Probably transcribed under control of the sigma A factor (sigA), protein levels are negatively regulated by an antisense RNA (PubMed:22956758)
By submergence in root tips and lateral roots of seedlings. Down-regulated by water deficit
Expression is reduced under iron-limiting conditions
Up-regulated in CD4+ T cells upon stimulation via TCR and upon HIV-1 infection
Expression is up-regulated in azole resistant clinical isolates (PubMed:15215138). Expression is induced by exposure to arole antifungals such as fluconazole, ketoconazole or itraconazole (PubMed:11353609, PubMed:15820985)
Expression is regulated upon white-opaque switching. Repressed by RIM101 and alpha pheromone, and up-regulated upon interaction with macrophages
Induced by estrogen/ER in breast cancer cells
Down-regulated during embryonic stem (ES) cell differentiation
Up-regulated by dark treatment, abscisic acid and methyl jasmonate
Light-dependent expression. Inhibited by acidification of thylakoids (below pH 5), sucrose and norflurazon (caroteonid synthesis inhibitor leading to photobleaching)
Expression in the retina oscillates in a circadian manner
Up-regulated by auxin in the root and hypocotyl
Is constitutively expressed, even in the absence of both myo-inositol and scillo-inositol (PubMed:20133360). Is up-regulated under certain stressful conditions (PubMed:22383849)
Expressed only under low-sulfur conditions and expression is under the control of the cys-3 transcriptional activator
By ethanol, heat and salt via sigma B-dependent promoter
Expressed during degradation of thiocarbamates and atrazine
Down-regulated by the AS1 repressor complex including HDA6
Ty1-PR1 is a highly expressed element. Induced under amino acid starvation conditions by GCN4
Transcriptionally regulated by SigD. Negatively regulated by TnrA under nitrogen-limited conditions
Up-regulated by dark treatment
By ulvan
Upon infection by virulent and avirulent races of pathogens, for example fungal pathogen C.fulvum. Also induced by ethylene
The compound guanosine 5'-diphosphate 3'-diphosphate (ppGpp) is essential for the transcription of the bacABCDE operon and GTP regulates the transcription of both this operon and ywfH via the CodY-mediated regulation system
Induced by LeuO, part of the acrEF operon
Slightly induced by blue light, especially after dark adaptation
Expression is increased in presence of fructose
Highly up-regulated during growth on glycine betaine
Strongly induced by (GlcNAc)2, (GlcNAc)3 and colloidal chitin (PubMed:17351098, PubMed:18227241). Repressed by DasR (PubMed:18227241)
By growth in a high-phosphate succinate medium; more highly expressed in mucoid than non-mucoid cells in both Y and LTG mdia (at protein level) (PubMed:8244935). Part of the fumC-PA4469-sodA operon which is repressed by iron (PubMed:8806672)
By polar lipids
Negatively regulated by the C class floral homeotic protein AGAMOUS in stamens and carpels. MicroRNA 172 (miRNA172) negatively regulates APETALA2 at the translational level and may modulate its expression pattern. Seems not to be influenced by jasmonate and Alternaria brassicicola
Induced by NANOG and POU5F1/OCT4 (PubMed:21898682). Negatively regulated by the interaction of microRNA MIR1305 with 3 miRNA responsive elements (miREs) in its 3'-UTR (PubMed:27339422)
By subinhibitory concentrations of chloramphenicol
YfmP is autoregulated. There is no induction with copper or other metals
Controlled in part by the amount of available iron (PubMed:1838574). Induced 1.5-fold by hydroxyurea (PubMed:20005847)
By abscisic acid (ABA), osmotic stress and salt
Expression is induced during grayanic acid production conditions
Induced by ornithine, repressed by putrescine. Part of the speFL-speF-potE operon
Only in young seedlings by ABA, imbibition, glucose, 2-deoxy-glucose (2DG), trehalose, and osmotic stress
Expression in regulated by NRG1 and TUP1
Shows maximal expression at the beginning of post-exponential growth phase and increased expression by glucose in the post-exponential growth phase when cells are cultured on rich medium. Expressed constitutively during growth in minimal medium
Up-regulated by drought stress
Expression is induced by NFATC2
Up-regulated by p53/TP53, phorbol esters, double-stranded RNA, IFNB1/IFN-beta and viruses
Induced by drought stress, salt stress and abscisic acid (ABA) in roots
By N-acetylneuraminic acid, colominic acid, and sialic acid
Not induced by histidine starvation
Negatively regulated by the transcriptional repressor FatR (PubMed:11574077, PubMed:11734890). Is induced by fatty acids such as oleate, linoleate and phytanate, that bind and displace the FatR repressor (PubMed:11734890). Is also induced by palmitate, likely via another mechanism (PubMed:11574077). Transcribed under partial control of SigM ECF sigma factor (PubMed:17434969)
Down-regulated by ammonium supply
Down-regulated upon induction of apoptosis
Expressed in the presence of D-xylose under conditions of acidic ambient pH, probably under the regulation of the pacC transcription factor. Repressed in presence of glucose through the action of the creA transcription repressor
Up-regulated by salt and salicylic acid. Down-regulated by gibberellic acid and methyl jasmonate. Not regulated by pathogen or 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC)
By a variety of stressful conditions including bacterial infection, heat shock and paraquat feeding
Weakly induced when grown at 35 degrees Celsius
Lysine, Sugar starvation, ABA and MeJA induce isoform Long, but not isoform Short (at protein level). Nitrogen starvation repress isoform Long, but not isoform Short (at protein level). Isoform Long and isoform Short are both slightly induced by NaCl and drought stress, but repressed by sugars
By tissue wounding
Induced by rifampicin and ofloxacin
By fructose and LevR
By copper and silver
Expression is cell-cycle regulated, low in G1/S, accumulates during G2/M, and decreases rapidly after
Inhibited by TGF-beta1 (Probable). Down-regulated by LPS (PubMed:21907835)
Induced by abscisic acid (ABA) in aleurone cells, embryos, roots and leaves (PubMed:25110688). Slightly down-regulated by gibberellic acid (GA) (By similarity). Accumulates in response to jasmonic acid (MeJA) (PubMed:16919842)
Upon CD3/CD28 stimulation in CD4 T-cells
Induced by oleic acid, through its ORE-like (oleate responsive element) promoter element and the PIP2-OAF1 transcription factors
By iron stress, and also by exposure to oxidative stress such as hydrogen peroxide and methylviologen treatment
Maximum induction requires anaerobiosis, acidic conditions and tyrosine
Expression is up-regulated during plant colonization, 3 days after infection
Activation of peripheral blood leukocytes with phytohemagglutinin induces strong expression of the membrane isoform followed by the release of the secreted isoform
During osteoblast differentiation
In animals in which experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) has been induced
Increases following spirochete infestation and decreases in response to engorgement, events that are temporally linked to B.burgdorferi entry into and egress from the vector
Expression is under the control of an enhancer element that is encoded in an intron of the close-by HERC2 gene. The enhancer element containing the T-allele of the polymorphism rs12913832 mediates binding of the transcription factors HLTF, LEF1 and MITF and increases OCA2 expression. In contrast, transcription factor binding and OCA2 expression are reduced in carriers of the C-allele of polymorphism rs12913832. Thus, people homozygous for the C-allele have light-colored eyes, while people homozygous for the T-allele of polymorphism rs12913832 most often have brown eyes
By synaptic activity through NMDA receptors and L-type voltage-sensitive calcium channels. By cAMP in active neurons
Up-regulated by the proneural transcription factors Neurog2, Neurod1 and Ebf3
Accumulates in response to cold
By LPS (PubMed:15192144). Transcription and translation induced by M.tuberculosis and a number of different M.tuberculosis components in macrophages; EsxA is the most potent activator tested (at protein level) (PubMed:20148899). In pancreatic islets, release is increased by high glucose treatment. In pancreatic islets and macrophages, release is also increased by endocannabinoid anandamide/AEA (PubMed:23955712)
By phosphate deprivation
Up-regulated in the mitochondria by E2F1 after addition of 4-hydroxytamoxifen (at protein level)
By low phosphate
Expressed during copper starvation via the regulation of both aceA and macA transcription factors
In the liver, by peroxisome proliferator (Clofibrate) treatment, via the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) or fasting for 24 hours
Up-regulated by calcium in cells forming cell-cell contact sites. Up-regulated by DNA damaging agents like H(2)O(2) or ionizing radiation (IR)
Induced during infection of D.discoideum and by elevated levels of Zn(2+)
By anaerobic conditions. Induced by nitrite, repressed by nitrate, and inhibited by oxygen
Protein expression is stabilized by cellular cholesterol status and cholesterol synthesis intermediates desmosterol, lathosterol and lanosterol
Down-regulated upon nematode infection
By ecdysone. In larval epidermis, expression is rapidly induced. In adult epidermis expression responds to a pulse of hormone and there is a time lag between initial exposure and appearance of DDC
Highly expressed during conidiation (PubMed:20966095). Expression is positively regulated by hsp90 (PubMed:22822234). Expression is decreased by 2',4'-Dihydroxychalcone (2',4'-DHC) (PubMed:26190922)
By light. In etiolated seedlings, maximally expressed after 3 days of illumination
Coexpressed with PPE17
By hedgehog signaling in the floor plate. In response to injury and stretch
Expression is regulated by light and darkness, but this regulation is further modulated by the carbon source in relation to the growth rate (PubMed:25386652). Expression is under the control of LAE1 (PubMed:23390613)
Positively regulated by CAULIFLOWER and APETALA1. Down-regulated by TFL1
Repressed by MYB4
Up-regulated during barrier recovery
Induced by hypoxia. This induction is reversed by exposure to normal levels of oxygen
Slightly down-regulated by brassinolide
Not regulated by alamethicin treatment
By environmental stresses such as dehydration, salinity and low temperature
Induced by interferon (IFN) upon infection by virus like SARS-CoV-2
Induced by salicylic acid (SA) and upon infection by the incompatible bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000 (avrRpt2)
Up-regulated during spermatogenesis (PubMed:18032416)
Up-regulated by inflammatory signals in regulatory T-cells (Treg)
Repressed post-transcriptionally by white light (at protein level)
Highly induced during germination and drops to a low constant level throughout vegetative development. Repressed by ammonium. Down-regulated by endocytosis in responde to ammonia or the presence of cytosine
Transcribed during aerial hyphae formation on minimal medium, about 10- to 25-fold lower expression than the short chaplins (Probable). Strongly induced during aerial hyphae formation and early sporulation on rich medium, under control of ECF sigma factor BldN (PubMed:12832397)
Expression at the transcriptional or the translational level is not regulated in a circadian fashion
By all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) and IL3 in EML cell line
By diet of egg yolk in animals which have a high level of OTC activity due to presence of OCB gene
Transiently induced during 3T3-L1 cell differentiation into adipocytes. In vivo, down-regulated by fasting in both white and brown adipose tissues. High-fat diet down-regulates expression in white adipose tissue and up-regulates it in brown adipose tissue
By zinc deficiency in roots and shoots
Induced by ethylene (ACC) via PIF3 binding to its promoter and subsequent transcription regulation (PubMed:29167353). Accumulates upon submergence through ethylene signaling (PubMed:31638649). Repressed by aminoethoxyvinyl-Gly (AVG), an inhibitor of ethylene biosynthesis (PubMed:29167353, PubMed:31638649). Higher levels in light-grown hypocotyls (PubMed:29167353)
By unc-86
Induced in a dose-dependent manner by UV irradiation (at protein level)
Induced by infection with the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato strain DC3000 carrying the avirulent factor avrRpm1
By N-acetylglucosamine
By exposure to light
By WNT1 but not by WNT5A in mammary epithelial cells
Up-regulated in response to V.parahaemolyticys challenge. Highest expression at 6 hours postinjection of the bacterium, then gradually down-regulated upto 48 hours postinjection
Down-regulated by ENC1 via a proteasomal ubiquitin-independent protein catabolic process
Up-regulated by alamethicin, herbivory, uprooting, woundingd, jasmonic acid and methyl jasmonate, but not by salicylic acid. Induced specifically around the lesions
Expressed at low osmolarity, not expressed at high osmolarity (at protein level). Expression is under the control of OmpR-EnvZ two-component system; not expressed in the absence of ompR-envZ (at protein elevel)
During T-cell activation
Up-regulated after heat shock, ponasterone A and deoxycholic acid (PubMed:15896671, PubMed:16640557). Induced in response to pro-inflammatory cytokines (PubMed:30009832)
Up-regulated in cells exhibiting reduced susceptibility to azoles
By acetate, acetaldehyde and ethanol. Subject to glucose catabolite repression. Inactivated and degraded after addition of glucose (at protein level)
Activated by DUO1 in sperm cells (SC) of mature pollen
Down-regulated by auxin but induced by cytokinin
Translation is induced by amino acid starvation (PubMed:29432178). Translational repression during nutrient-rich conditions is dependent on several uORFs (upstream open reading frames) present in the 5'-UTR of the mRNA; these promote ribosome dissociation (PubMed:29432178). Translational induction occurs in conditions reducing translation machinery efficiency, leading to ribosomes scanning over the uORFs, and increased translation of the mRNA (By similarity)
Repressed by iron via the binding of the Fur protein to the amiE promoter
Up-regulated by IFNG/IFN-gamma, TNF, IL1B/interleukin-1 beta, bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and phenylalanine, and down-regulated by dibutyryl-cAMP, iloprost and 8-bromo-cGMP in HUVEC cells. Up-regulation of GCH1 expression, in turn, stimulates production of tetrahydrobiopterin, with subsequent elevation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity. Cytokine-induced GCH1 up-regulation in HUVECs in response to TNF and IFNG/IFN-gamma involves cooperative activation of both the NF-kappa-B and JAK2/STAT pathways. Also up-regulated by hydrogen peroxide in human aorta endothelial cells (HAECs)
Expressed in both exponential and stationary phase; expression is considerably higher in exponential phase (at protein level)
Transcription slightly induced by phosphate starvation, part of the pstB3-pstS2-pstC1-pstA2 operon (PubMed:20933472)
Up-regulated in midgut, fat body and hemolymph in response to bacteria E.coli or S.aureus infection
Up-regulated in the dark and by methyl jasmonate or oligogalacturonide. Down-regulated in the light and by ammonium or 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)
Activated by SigB in response to ethanol stress
By oxidative stress and by dark treatment. Down-regulated by sucrose, but not by osmotic treatment
Seems to be constitutively expressed. Is expressed at a similar level under N-limited and N-sufficient conditions
Up-regulated by auxin (PubMed:17259265). Up-regulated by phosphate limitation (PubMed:16384909, PubMed:16617110)
Up-regulated substantially after T-cell activation
Up-regulated by TNF-alpha
Up-regulated at transcriptional level by chorionic gonadotropin via cyclic AMP-induced androgen formation in the Leydig cell
Negative feedback mediated by FPA itself
Expression and activity peak in the G2 phase of the mitotic cycle and decrease once the cells have entered mitosis due to degradation by the anaphase promoting complex APC/C-CDC20. In G1 phase, both isoform 1 and isoform 2 are almost undetectable. However, at the G1/S transition, there is an increase in expression of both isoforms which then remain at this increased level throughout S and G2. At the onset of mitosis, isoform 1 undergoes a rapid disappearance whereas isoform 2 continues to be present at about the same level as in G2. During the rest of mitosis, isoform 1 remains absent, while isoform 2 only begins to decline upon re-entry into the next G1 phase
Strongly induced by acetoin. Transcriptionally up-regulated by AcoR and sigma-L factor. Subject to catabolite repression by glucose, in a CcpA-independent manner
By the monoterpene limonene
Enhanced by heat stress but repressed by dehydration stress in young seedlings but not in older plants
By iron depletion. Repressed by the ncRNA ryhB
Transcriptionally up-regulated by Anr in response to Fe(3+) in oxygen-limiting conditions (PubMed:10570200, PubMed:11021918). Post-transcriptionally up-regulated by GacA (PubMed:10570200). Stimulated by glycine
Constitutively expressed, highly up-regulated following ionizing radiation for at least 12 hours (at protein level)
By ethylene during corolla senescence
Expression is up-regulated by ergosterol depletion, by azoles, and in anaerobic conditions. Transcript is repressed during co-incubated with macrophages, a condition that induces filamentous growth. Promotes positive auto-regulation through binding to its own promoter
By (GlcNAc)2
Up-regulated by the GmPep890 peptide and methyl salicylate. No induction by methyl jasmonate
by NRG1 (at protein level)
Expression is induced by interleukin-6 (IL6) (PubMed:18039467). Up-regulated in a number of cancers, such as lung cancer, prostate cancer, melanoma and colorectal cancer (PubMed:30580966)
Up-regulated by arginine and repressed by lysine
Is not induced either by drought, cold and salt stresses, or heat shock
Up-regulated in liver in response to Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) infection. 2.8-fold induction after 8 h injection of SGIV and the expression increases up to about 70-fold at 72 hours post injection, then decreases to about 26-fold at 120 h
Expression is not induced by the synthetic polyester poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) (PBSA)
By maltulose, leucrose and palatinose, but not by maltose, glucose or sucrose
Transcribed from its own promoter, as well as another upstream of the preceeding gene (AC P40182). Expressed when grown on glucose or galactose, levels decrease as cells enter stationary phase
Injury-stimulated induction in the fibroblasts and endothelial cells and by inflammatory cells entering the wound (PubMed:12524533). Injury-stimulated induction in neurons (PubMed:28453791). Strongly induced in activated microglial cells that surround motor neurons after peripheral axonal injury, but not by astrocytes (PubMed:21092856). Up-regulated in response to a cortical injury. Up-regulated in activated glia during normal aging (PubMed:28541286). Induced in response to inflammation (PubMed:27789271)
Expression is repressed by the addition of iron (PubMed:1570306, PubMed:1431884). Induced by transcription factor MAC1 upon copper deprivation (PubMed:7814363, PubMed:9153234, PubMed:9726978, PubMed:10341420). Induced by transcription factor AFT1 upon iron deprivation (PubMed:7720713, PubMed:9200812, PubMed:9726978, PubMed:10341420, PubMed:16024809)
Post-transcriptionally repressed by microRNA miR-214 in cancer cells
Up-regulated under iron-depletion conditions in the proximal portion of the duodenum where it is abundantly expressed in the brush border of absorptive epithelial cells (at protein level)
Is repressed by the transcriptional regulator CtsR. Forms part of an operon with ctsR, mcsA and clpC
Directly induced by NAC92 during senescence onset
Strongly induced by stress due to exposure to 6-brom-2-vinyl-chroman-4-on (chromanon) and less strongly induced after exposure to 2-methylhydroquinone (2-MHQ) or catechol stress
Up-regulated in prostate cancer
Appears in pancreatic juice after induction of pancreatic inflammation
By infection with the Gram-negative bacterium V. splendidus. Following infection, expression is significantly increased at 4 hours (approximately 15-fold above control), then decreases to control levels at 8 hours. Expression increases 2-fold above control 12 hours post infection and remains constant till 48 hours post expression. By 72 hours, expression returns to control levels
By fungal elicitor, arachidonic acid and salicylic acid
Expression is regulated by AZF1
Protein levels are negatively regulated by Salmonella
By maternal vegt
Activated by CLOCK and BMAL1 heterodimers and light; inhibited by period genes (PER1, PER2 and PER3) and cryptochrome genes (CRY1 and CRY2)
Up-regulated by methamphetamine and cocaine in the neocortex, but not by pentobarbital nor by D1 antagonist
Expression is not induced in the presence of fluconazole (FLC)
In response to low temperature (at protein level)
Repressed by treatment with estradiol
Strongly induced by wounding, ethrel, iron, ethylene and 1-amino-cyclopropane-carboxylic acid (ACC). Accumulates in response to very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs C20:0 to C30:0)
Up-regulated by GDF9 dose-dependent manner and BMP4 in granulosa cells. Highly regulated during folliculogenesis
By CLE40 in root quiescent center (QC)
By progesterone, testosterone and, to a much lower extent, estrogen. Induced by oxidative stress via FOXO3 activation (PubMed:28545464). Up-regulated by hypoxia (at protein level)
Up-regulated by exposure to 7,8-Dihydroxy-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (BPDE) after which is found in the culture medium of amniotic epithelial cells
Expressed constitutively and induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
By retinoic acid. This induction requires functional NFKB pathway
By phytohemagglutinin (PHA) in peripheral CD8(+) T cells
By methyl jasmonate. Also induced in response to the caterpillar P.xylostella or P.rapae feeding
Present at low levels under low light conditions, but accumulates under high-intensity light. Induced by UV-A illumination. Fades out upon wounding
Expression requires transcriptional regulator ClgR
Up-regulated by compounds that cause peroxisome proliferation, such as ciprofibrate and clofibrate (at protein level) (PubMed:8615769). Up-regulated by compounds that cause peroxisome proliferation, such as fenofibrate, ciprofibrate, clofibrate, bezafibrate and gemfibrozil (PubMed:8615769, PubMed:12381268)
Expression is strongly stimulated by periodic pulses of cAMP
Up-regulated upon HHV-1 infection
Slightly induced by CdCl(2) (PubMed:16463103). Accumulates in the dark (PubMed:23888064, PubMed:25920996). Diurnal expression pattern with maximal levels in the morning (at protein level). Specifically induced during leaf expansion (PubMed:24806884). Expressed in old and dark-treated leaves (PubMed:25920996)
Induced by type I interferons and by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
By FGF-1, FGF-2, calf serum, platelet-derived growth factor-BB, and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate
By thyroid-stimulating hormone
Expression is maximal when xylan is the only carbon source, and repressed by glucose. Expression is detected from the beginning of tomato leaves infection in the just-inoculated leaves, and the level sof transcript increased between 24 and 48 hours postinfection simultaneously with the appearance of visible lesions on the leaves
Is induced by aerobic growth on L-lactate, but not by aerobic growth on D-lactate or glycerol or by anaerobic growth on glucose
Expressed at high levels during late logarithmic and stationary growth (at protein level) (PubMed:28851853). Translation is repressed by CsrA (PubMed:28851853)
Induced by alpha-aminoadipate semialdehyde in a LYS14-dependent manner. Repressed by lysine
By exposure to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
Up-regulated by ammonia
Down-regulated by the transcriptional repressor ZEB1 during NEUROD2-induced neurogenesis
Induced by cold, dehydration, salt, hydrogen peroxide and abscisic acid (ABA)
By secretion stress
By glycine
Increased expression after UVB irradiation
Not induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharideS (LPS) or IL1/interleukin-1 in endothelium, monocytes or neutrophils. Not induced by PHA in lymphocytes
Circadian-regulation with a peak in the middle of the morning. Induced by nitrate and sucrose in roots. Down-regulated by asparagine and aspartate in roots
Up-regulated in bone marrow-derived macrophages by Th2 cytokines, IL-4, IL-13 and LPS
Up-regulated by wounding and jasmonic acid treatment
By tissue wounding and auxin
By abscisic acid (ABA) and oxidative stress
Specifically induced in macrophages by IL4/interleukin-4, IL13/interleukin-13, and IL10/interleukin-10. Expression is inhibited by IFNG/IFN-gamma while glucocorticoids exert a slightly positive synergistic effect in combination with IL4/interleukin-4. Strongly induced in several human cell lines, including monocytic U-937 cells, by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Induced in PBMC by staphylococcal enterotoxins SEA and SEB
Expression is increased in response to DNA replication stress (PubMed:22842922). Expression is regulated by ZAP1 during zinc-deficiency via changes in transcription start sites (PubMed:31692084). Expression is also down-regulated during unfolded protein response (UPR) (PubMed:32475637, PubMed:33184379)
Repressed by glucose through the MIG1 and MIG2 repressors
Circadian regulation with a peak of expression at midday
Expressed during growth on inositol and during sexual reproduction (PubMed:20689743). Expressed during infection (PubMed:21398509)
CFA/I fimbriae are only expressed in the presence of the positive regulator CfaD
Expression is induced in presence of maltose, sucrose or inulin and controlled by the catabolite repressor creA and by the inulinolytic genes regulator inuR
Repressed by HAP43. Down-regulated during oral epithelial infection. Up-regulated in response to galactose
Late induced by infection with an incompatible bacterial plant pathogen
By hypoxia. Expression is significantly up-regulated by severe hypoxia in brain but not in eye
Strongly expressed upon entry into stationary phase, 12-fold induced at pH 4.5, 10-fold induced by streptomycin, 2-fold by starvation and by ethanol (PubMed:16870781). Repressed during iron-starvation (PubMed:16870781). Slightly induced by hypoxia and cAMP, 9-fold by NO (PubMed:22829866). Only slightly induced in macrophage and mouse infection (PubMed:22829866)
Expression in skeletal muscle is down-regulated in response to a hypertrophic stimulus
Over-expressed in azole-resistant clinical isolates (PubMed:29311090). Expression decreases upon exposure to diazinon and increases upon exposure to benomyl (PubMed:31321335)
Induced by UV irradiation. Expression starts to increase in early S phase and is steady high until late S phase in both cancer and normal cells
The phoP/phoQ operon is positively autoregulated by both PhoP and PhoQ in a Mg(2+)-dependent manner. Induced at pH 4.4 (at protein level)
Induced by leucine, L-alpha-amino-n-butyric acid and, to a lesser extent, by several other amino acids. This induction is mediated by lrp
Induced by jasmonate (PubMed:15541369, PubMed:15914931, PubMed:22456953). Induced by wounding and drought stress in leaves (PubMed:15914931, PubMed:22456953). Induced by phosphate starvation in shoots (PubMed:33128314)
Induced early in sporulation. Not detected during vegetative growth
By serum (at protein level)
Expression is induced by IFNG and LPS, through CIITA
Constant expression in light and darkness
Expression is induced by the developmental and secondary metabolism regulator veA, as well as by the cluster 27 transcription factor znf27 (PubMed:24412484)
Expression is decreased by virstatin
Up-regulated up to sevenfold by elemental sulfur addition
Overexpressed in atherosclerotic lesions
Up-regulated in response to IL3 and IL4, during the inflammatory response and upon parasitic infection
Expression is induced during conidiation
Down-regulated by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in monocytes and dendritic cells
Accumulates in response to flg22 (at protein levels)
By inositol
Following T-cell activation, expression inhibited by IL4 and induced by IFN gamma
Up-regulated at post-transcriptional level by iron deficiency
Induced by UV-C
Induced by the N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) N-3-oxo-hexanoyl-homoserine lactone (3OC6-HSL) and N-3-oxo-octanoyl-homoserine lactone (3OC8-HSL)
Induced after P.brassicae oviposition
Induced during infection of airway epithelial cells
Expression is up-regulated during development and Legionella infection
By p53/TP53 following DNA damage
Up-regulated by auxin (IAA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), hydrogen peroxide and nitrates. Down-regulated by salicylic acid (SA), abscisic acid (ABA), hydrogen peroxide, sugars, cold and NaCl. Positively regulated by the transcriptional factor TAC1. Circadian-regulation; expression increase during the dark phase and decrease during the light phase
Induced during the switch from the yeast form to filamentous growth and by fluconazole. Expression is negatively regulated by CPH2, EFG1, RFG1, and TUP1
expression is cell cycle regulated and peaks at phase G2/M
By BMP2 in fibroblast, myoblast and preosteoblast cell lines
Up-regulated by NANOG, up-regulation which is increased by SOX2 and POU5F1. Up-regulated by nicotine; up-regulation which is prevented with tubocurarine, a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist. Down-regulated by sodium vanadate and retinoic acid (RA). In ES cells, down-regulation correlates with differentiation
Does not seem to be up-regulated during banana leaves infection
Expressed at higher levels under excess phosphate culture conditions (PubMed:6090402). Induced by phosphate starvation via the PhoR/PhoB two-component regulatory system (PubMed:18031348)
By light. Repressed by BZR2
Up-regulated during granulocytic differentiation in a ERK-dependent manner (is mediated by activation of ERK) (at protein level). Up-regulated during the differentiation and maturation of primary megakaryocytes. Down-regulated during monocytic-macrophage differentiation in a ERK-dependent manner
The first gene of the 17-gene eut operon transcribed from a single promoter, induced by ethanolamine and adenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl, vitamin B12) (PubMed:3045078). Expressed at low levels following mouse infection, not induced in infected macrophages or in spleen (PubMed:26565973)
Induced during stationary growth phase (at protein level) (PubMed:11168583). Induced by the signal autoinducer AI-2 (PubMed:11514505)
Expression is negatively regulated by the transcription factor AflR, as well as by two signal transduction elements, protein kinase A and rasA. Expression is up-regulated in D.melanogaster-challenged colonies in a Drosophila-Aspergillus insect-fungus model system (PubMed:24023705). Expression is also controled by mpkB (PubMed:18378656)
Expression is almost undetectable in vegetatively growing cells and increases during development induced by starvation (PubMed:27790999). Expression starts to decrease during culmination (from 18 to 24 h after induction) (PubMed:27790999)
By the plant hormone abscisic acid in response to water stress
Expression is up-regulated under nutrient starvation (in strain H37Ra)
Up-regulated in response to induction of double-strand breaks. Down-regulated by heat shock
Up-regulated by salt treatment (PubMed:20122158). Up-regulated by nitrogen treatments such as ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, glutamate and glutamine but not by potassium nitrate (PubMed:9701597). Down-regulated by hypoxia (PubMed:18077464)
Expression reduced by 20% under dark conditions
Up-regulated at 7 days after osteogenic induction (PubMed:29850565). Down-regulated in late G2 phase or mitosis (PubMed:17485488). Down-regulated in G2 phase after DNA damage in a CDKN1A-dependent manner (PubMed:19211842). Down-regulated in G1 phase when APC-FZR1 complex is active and accumulates at the G1-S transition, coincident with the inactivation of APC-FZR1 complex (PubMed:29875408). At the G1-S transition, transcriptionally induced by the E2F transcription factor (PubMed:11988738)
Induced during anaerobic growth in the presence of formate; part of a hyfR-focB transcript, it is not clear where the hyfR promoter is located, nor if the upstream operon (hyfABCDEFGHIJ) includes these last 2 genes
Up-regulated in EPCAM-positive intestinal epithelial cell upon helminth infection (PubMed:29024642). Up-regulated in intestinal epithelial organoids in response to stimulation with T-helper type 2 cytokines IL4 and IL13 (PubMed:29024642)
Expressed in a circadian manner in the circumvallate papillae, levels being lower during the dark period. Protein levels decrease in presence of lipids
Down-regulated by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), IFN-alpha and TNF on macrophages
By nerve growth factor and tumors promoters
Up-regulated in response to DNA damage (PubMed:25283148). Up-regulated in myocardial infarction area (at protein level) (PubMed:21195082)
Up-regulated upon oxidative stress (PubMed:23642167, PubMed:22096585, PubMed:21356557). Up-regulated in keratinocytes upon exposure to heme and reactive oxygen species (PubMed:22096585). Up-regulated in hemoglobin-perfused placenta (PubMed:21356557)
Up-regulated in airway epithelium and submucosal gland in response to inflammatory cytokine TNF
Expression is up-regulated by methyl jasmonate (MeJA)
Expression is highly induced in diabetic liver
By UV light
Positively light-regulated during the firt stage of development. Up-regulated transiently by a cold treatment. Induced in shoots of plants subjected to a long Fe deficiency stress. Down-regulated by salicylic acid, a plant defense-related signaling molecule
Repressed by microRNA159 (miR159a and miR159b) in vegetative tissues (PubMed:20699403, PubMed:17916625, PubMed:15226253). Specific expression in floral organs and in the shoot apices is regulated via miR159-mediated degradation (PubMed:15722475). Slightly induced by ethylene and salicylic acid (PubMed:16463103)
Circadian-regulation (PubMed:24442277). Down-regulated in axillary buds within 24 hours after decapitation and then up-regulated (PubMed:15908603). Down-regulated by the transcription factor ERF114 (PubMed:23616605). Down-regulated by cold (PubMed:24442277). Almost complete down-regulation by sucrose, fructose and glucose, but not by other sugars (PubMed:16463203). Up-regulated by heat and dark growth conditions (PubMed:24442277). Isoform 2: Up-regulated by salt. Isoform 4: Up-regulated by salt. Isoform 1: Not up-regulated by salt. Isoform 5: Not up-regulated by salt (PubMed:24442277)
By jasmonic acid (e.g. 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid OPDA)
Expression is 10-20-fold higher in the logarithmic phase than in the stationary phase and this pattern is not influenced by the presence or absence of oxygen
By heat stress (at protein level)
By N-(aminocarbonyl)-2-chlorobenzenesulfonamide (2-CBSU)
Induced by cold stress. Down-regulated by drought stress
Expression is increased by cocaine, selectively in the nucleus accumbens. mRNA is present at increased levels in the nucleus accumbens 3 weeks after withdrawal from cocaine self-administration
Up-regulated under oxidative stress conditions
Expression is induced by RpoS during carbon starvation and at stationary phase. Is also regulated by cAMP-CRP and Lrp, which play the roles of a nearly essential activator and of a positive modulator, respectively. Repressed by CsiR. Makes part of the operon glaH-lhgD-gabDTP
By Jasmonic acid (JA)
Expression is induced in response to treatment with IR or UV and this requires p53/TP53 activity
Expressed within five minutes of heat shock at 42 and 45 degrees Celsius in one week-old seedlings. Maximal level of expression after 30 minutes and decrease of expression after four hours at 45 degrees Celsius. No induction detected after salt stress, low temperature, desiccation, or abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. Protein expressed up to 72 hours in Indica rice and up to 96 hours in Japonica rice after a 2 hours heat shock at 42 degrees Celsius
Expression restricted to late G2-phase and M-phase during the cell cycle
Repressed by MYB88 and MYB124 in newly formed guard cells
Up-regulated in the context of tissue inflammation
Post-transcriptionally repressed by microRNA miR-143 during neural differentiation
Constitutively expressed throughout the growth phase
Up-regulated by inducers of the unfolded protein response (UPR), including tunicamycin and dithiothreitol
By light. Down-regulated by treatment with mannitol
By cold stress in response to DNA damage induced by UV irradiation or UV mimetic agents. Up-regulated by hypoxia
Induced by p53/TP53, suggesting that it may be required to modulate p53/TP53 response
By TNF (at protein level). By HIV-1 infection of primary fetal astrocytes
Down-regulated by doxorubicin (adriamycin), in vitro
Induced by the pathogenic bacteria P.syringae pv. tomato and the fungal pathogen B.cinerea, as well as by salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA). Induced by osmotic stresses (e.g. cold, high salinity, drought, mannitol, and sorbitol) via an abscisic acid-dependent pathway. Highly induced during senescence (PubMed:25794936). Triggered by NAC072/RD26 during senescence (PubMed:29659022)
Regulated at the transcriptional level in response to the cellular availability of the alternate electron acceptors oxygen, nitrate, and fumarate
By TNF in experimental allergic panencaphalomyelitis (EAP) and by TNF and IL-1 in primary astrocytes
By nitrogen starvation and pheromone
Down-regulated in mice lacking Ovol1
Up-regulated during cell proliferation
By abscisic acid, brassinosteroid or gibberellin treatments, by salt or osmotic stresses, and by dehydration and rehydration. Expression regulated by phytochrome B
Activated after Ras induction via a mechanism involving reactive oxygen species
Up-regulated in the adult anterior midgut after the ingestion of bacterial uracil. Strong up-regulation detected 1 hour, 2 hours and 16 hours after ingestion, whereas no up-regulation was detected at 4 hours
Transcriptionally regulated by iron and the ferric uptake repressor (fur) protein
By Tnfa (TNF-alpha), by Il6 in white and brown adipose tissue, and IL1B in white adipose tissue. Tnfa, Il6 and Il1b shows sinergistic stimulatory effects
By triiodothyronine (T3) and L-thyroxine (T4)
Down-regulated during the progression of melanoma in vivo. Diminishes MMP9 expression by effecting reduced NF-kappa-B binding to the promoter
Transcription is activated by grauzone (grau), which binds to its promoter region
Up-regulated by TITF1
Expression is negatively regulated by both mTORC1 and mTORC2 (at protein level)
Expression is not regulated by the aflatoxin pathway aflR activator or aflS coactivator but by the fadA-dependent signaling pathway (PubMed:15341913)
By heat and high light
Up-regulated by high-intensity light and H2O2 (Ref.1). Down-regulated in the late stationary growth phase as compared to the early stationary and exponential growth phases (PubMed:23291769)
By SRRT
By growth factors such as FGF and TFG-beta. By Wnt-signaling and BMP-signaling
By abscisic acid (ABA) and NaCl
Induced in the presence of the herbivory P.xylostella larvae
By exogenous cAMP, repressed by DIF
By infection by filamentous bacteriophages. Expression is positively regulated by cyclic AMP-cAMP receptor protein (cAMP-CRP)
Expression requires MET4, and is repressed by an increase of intracellular S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet)
By abscisic acid (ABA) and the cytokinin benzyladenine (BA)
Down-regulated by IL13
By hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2))
Is up-regulated during biofilm formation, and is also induced during a late stage of infection of the host. However, cdpA expression is not regulated by c-di-GMP concentration
Isoform 1 expression oscillates diurnally in peripheral tissues such as liver, brown adipose tissue (BAT), kidney and small intestines. Isoform 2 is induced upon antigen receptor ligation in the presence of IL6 and TGB1 (via STAT3). Induced by TGFB1 in T-cells
Activated by MqsR (PubMed:16352847, PubMed:18713317). Activated by DksA and (p)ppGpp, under partial control of RpoS, the sigma stress factor (at protein level) (PubMed:21488981). Binds to 4 sites in its own mRNA and represses translation (PubMed:21696456). Expressed from 5 promoters; P2 and P5 depend on housekeeping sigma factor 70 (rpoD) while P1 and P3 2 depend on RpoS; indirect activation of P3 leads to increased transcription during the log to stationary phase shift (PubMed:21696456)
Induced upon entry into stationary phase, in a RpoS-dependent manner. Stability of the rraA transcript is Rne dependent, suggesting the existence of a feedback mechanism in the regulation of RraA level
In response to mechanical wounding of plant tissue and probably also after pathogen infection
Expression is maximal during the early rapid growth phase and increases during biofilm growth. Induced by caspofungin. Transcripts is also regulated by RCK2, SIT4, and HTG4
Expression is controlled by homeobox transcription factors. At larval stages, induced by starvation, and mildly by hypoxia in midgut but not fat body
By auxin under light or dark conditions and gravitropic stimulation of coleptile
Transcription is significantly up-regulated during growth in iron/heme-restricted conditions
Up-regulated during the S phase of the cell cycle (PubMed:18006823). Expressed at low levels during G phase (PubMed:18006823)
Down-regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma
Induced by drought stress and wounding
Not induced by kainate
By bitter compounds denatonium and quinine
Inhibited in nutrient-poor medium (at protein level)
By nickel
By salt and cold stresses, and abscisic acid
Down-regulated by TGFbeta in fibroblasts. This inhibition is mediated by SMAD3
Expression is positively regulated by the cluster-specific transcription factor FGM4 and is induced during infection of coleoptiles of wheat seedlings (PubMed:23266949, PubMed:25333987). Expression is also up-regulated during infection of barley (PubMed:21585270). The fusaoctaxin A gene cluster is silenced by H3K27 trimethylation by the histone methyltransferase KMT6 (PubMed:31100892)
Expression is sigma S-dependent
Induced by reoxygenation following hypoxia and by exposure to silica. Repressed by interferon gamma, LPS and TPA
Induced in hypoglycemia, and, in vitro, by carbocal, in fetal pancreatic cells
Induced by sucrose depletion. Specifically induced by H.schachtii (cyst nematodes) in nematode-induced syncytia
Mainly produced during exponential phase of growth
Negatively regulated by riboflavin, probably via an FMN riboswitch
Repressed by the mycotoxin fumonisin B1
By oligosaccharide elicitor (N-Acetylchitooligosaccharide) extracted from the rice blast fungus (M.grisea) cell wall. Strongest induction by chitin oligomer with greater degree of polymerization (heptamer). By inoculation of M.grisea in rice cell suspension culture
Accumulates in shoots and roots upon potassium-starvation
Induced by touch and salt stress (PubMed:16533544, PubMed:21277785). Induced by wounding, calcium, magnesium and methyl jasmonate (PubMed:16533544). Induced by osmotic stress, cycloheximide and ozone (PubMed:21277785). Induced by abscisic acid (ABA) (PubMed:29175650)
Induced by phosphate starvation. Highly repressed following nitrogen deprivation
Repressed by abscisic acid (ABA) and osmotic stress (salt stress)
By 2,5-dichlorohydroquinone
Induced by anaerobic conditions, hypoxia and cold. Repressed by heme
Up-regulated by methyl jasmonate (MeJA)
Down-regulated by sucrose and up-regulated by palatinose
Activated by gibberellic acid (GA) (PubMed:20844019). Negatively regulated by AP3/PI (PubMed:18417639). Strong accumulation during cold imbibition of nondormant seeds, but not at warm temperatures. Regulated by PIF transcription factors (PubMed:20844019). Induced by cytokinin (e.g. benzyladenine) (PubMed:22811435). Repressed by HAN (PubMed:23335616). Inhibited by SOC1 (PubMed:23739688). Down-regulated by auxin (2,4D) and auxin response factors (e.g. ARF2 and ARF7) (PubMed:23878229)
Constitutively transcribed at low light (5 umol photon m(-2) sec(-1)), transcripts decrease rapidly on a shift to 50 umol photon m(-2) sec(-1)
Up-regulated by inducers of the unfolded protein response (UPR)
Induced by jasmonate (JA), wounding and infection by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae
Induced during sexual reproduction (PubMed:20689743). Expressed during infection of host (PubMed:21398509)
By methyl jasmonate
Up-regulated upon adipocyte differentiation in response to INS. Down-regulated by treatment with rosiglitazone
Constitutively expressed, induced by thiol oxidant diamide, slightly at 45 degrees and slightly at pH 5.5 Celsius (at protein level)
Is induced by nopaline
Transcript abundance is medium and expression is slightly down-regulated in the inactive stage (during anhydrobiois) (PubMed:23761966)
Probably induced by trehalose-6-phosphate
Induced under phosphate-limiting conditions
Up-regulated upon CpG dinucleotides activation. Down-regulated upon activation by Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands
Induced at low concentrations of extracellular Mn(2+) and by the addition of Zn(2+)
By photoperiod. Short days stimulate accumulation, while long days inhibit
By salt stress and abscisic acid (ABA)
By sucrose starvation, heat shock and abscisic acid (ABA). Not induced by heavy metals
Induced under anergic conditions. Up-regulated during T-cell anergy induction following signaling through the T-cell antigen receptor
Circadian-regulation under short day (SD) conditions. Expression increases after midnight, peaks just at dawn and gradually decreases during the daytime
By auxin. Not induced following darkness
Expression is repressed in media containing high amounts of nitrogen (PubMed:20572938)
Expression is sensitive to temperature but not to light
Up-regulated by all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) in retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19)
Up-regulated by Notch
Inhibited by nodal signaling downstream of vegt, and by notch signaling downstream of dvr1/vg1. Neurula stage, but not early stage, expression is regulated by canonical wnt signaling
IL17A induces its expression in primary keratinocytes and skin wounds
Expression is increased during growth on glucose, in the presence of heme, and during oxygen limiting growth conditions and, unexpectedly, during anaerobic growth (PubMed:1730736). Two upstream activating sequences, UASl and UASZ, and an upstream repressor element, URS1, plus a second possible or cryptic repressor element, URSP, are present in promoter (PubMed:1730736). HAP1 participates in activation from UASl but not from UAS2, whereas the ROXl repressor represses expressio of ERG11 (PubMed:1730736)
Rapidly and transiently down-regulated during the transition from G0 to G1 induced by mitogen stimulation
Expression is decreased upon exposure to voriconazole (PubMed:16622700). Expression is regulated by the GATA transcription factor sreA during hypoxia (PubMed:18721228, PubMed:22144905, PubMed:22006005)
Slightly induced by dichromate, partially dependent in itself for expression, does not depend on sigT or sigE. Probably part of the sigF-nrsF operon (PubMed:22985357)
By feeding
Induced by E2A-HLF, a chimeric transcription factor containing the transactivation domain of E2A linked to the DNA-binding and dimerization domain of HLF (PubMed:11486032). Induced during TNFSF11/RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation (PubMed:23990468)
Expression is strongly induced under conditions of nitrogen starvation (PubMed:15932999). Expression is positively regulated by the cluster-specific transcription factor rua1 that recognizes and binds to the specific 5'-T/G-G/T-C-G-C-A-T-A/T-C/T-C/T-G/A-3' upstream activating sequence found in all promoters of the UA biosynthesis genes (PubMed:20173069)
By jasmonate. Down-regulated by hydrogen peroxide
By low levels of the dorsalizing factor LiCl. Inhibited by high doses of LiCl. In order to temporally control hematopoiesis, fgf-signaling inhibits expression in posterior regions of the embryo by antagonizing bmp-signaling
By aeroponic growth condition, darkness, sucrose, glucose and mannitol
A member of the dormancy regulon. Moderately expressed under aerobic conditions, it is strongly induced in response to reduced oxygen tension (hypoxia), low levels of nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO) (PubMed:11416222, PubMed:12953092, PubMed:17609369, PubMed:18474359, PubMed:18400743). It is hoped that this regulon will give insight into the latent, or dormant phase of infection. Expression under hypoxic conditions, but not aerobically, is autoregulated. Member of the Rv3134c-devR-devS operon (PubMed:10970762)
Up-regulated in response to transient cerebral ischemia in cerebral cortex, striatum and subcortical white matter fibers in the ischemic region starting from 24 hours after initiating the ischemia
Down-regulated by biological stimuli
By salt stress, abscisic acid (ABA) and fungal infection
Transcription and activity down-regulated at elevated CO(2) concentrations
By the neuroprotective peptide VIP
Not significantly cell cycle regulated
EIN3-dependent induction by ethylene
By submergence. Down-regulated by cytokinin
Upon mitogenic stimulation by concanavalin-A
By bmp-antagonism. By chordin
Regulated by ARR2
By beta-1,3-xylan
By heat shock (PubMed:3057437). Transcriptionally up-regulated by sigma-E factor and the Cpx two-component signal transduction pathway (PubMed:7883164, PubMed:9351822)
Expressed from day 6 after rhizobium infection. Persists up to 43 days after infection
By heavy metals
By IL-6 in myeloid cells
DNA damage-inducible. Transcriptionally regulated by LexA
Constitutively expressed. Not induced in response to methyl jasmonate (MeJA) or mechanical wounding
By dark treatment. Down-regulated by sucrose in a hexokinase dependent manner. Up-regulated by Leucine and its derivative alpha-keto acid (KIC)
Rapidly induced by auxin. Accumulates locally in response to wounding
Expression is almost undetectable in vegetatively growing cells and increases during development induced by starvation (PubMed:27790999). Expression is highest during he ultimate stage of mature fruiting body (approximately 24 h after induction) (PubMed:27790999)
By forskolin in Caco-2 cells
By nitric oxide, cGMP and pro-inflammatory cytokines
By Na(+), in a SOS signaling pathway-dependent manner
Strongly up-regulated under conditions of MRP2 deficiency
Can be negatively regulated by the interaction of microRNAs miR-125a and miR-125b with at least two miRNA responsive elements (miREs) in the 3'-UTR of this gene. These interactions may reduce both translation efficiency and mRNA abundance. Negatively regulated by retinoic acid
Light-inducible
Dark-inducible
Expression is induced by the presence of dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) or by the deletion of OSM1, a HOG1-related mitogen-activated protein kinase (PubMed:28820236). Expression is positively regulated by the secondary metabolism regulator LAE1 (PubMed:28820236). Infection by the totivirus induces the transcription of TAS2 (PubMed:32765467)
By p53, camptothecin, stroke injury and infection with coxsackievirus B3. This up-regulation is sufficient to induce apoptosis in neural tissue
Circadian-regulation (PubMed:27255839). Up-regulated by CO in leaves in response to long days (PubMed:27255839)
By N-sulfodiaminophosphinyl, the inorganic moiety of phaseolotoxin, at 18 degrees Celsius
Not expressed without supplemental iron
Circadian-regulation. Expression increase during the dark phase and decrease during the light phase. Induced by cycloheximide (CHX), sclareol, and heavy metals such as Pb(2+) ions. ETR1-, EIN2-, JAR1-, NPR1- and EDS5-dependent induction by incompatible fungal pathogens (A.brassicicola), by compatible fungal pathogens (S.sclerotiorum and F.oxysporum), and by compatible bacterial pathogens (P.syringae pv tomato). Also induced by phytohormones such as salicylic acid (SA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and ethylene. Induced by abscisic acid (ABA) treatment and drought via a WRKY1-mediated regulation (PubMed:20133880, PubMed:26820136). In cauline leaves, activated by cold stress, but repressed by heat stress (PubMed:22525244). Within inflorescence meristems, down-regulated by both cold and heat stress treatments (PubMed:22525244). In developing siliques, activated by cold stress, but unaffected by heat stress (PubMed:22525244)
In the presence of GABA
Induced upon infection
By maltose and maltotriose. Repressed by glucose (By similarity)
Expression is up-regulated by copper deficiency and decreased dramatically when the copper concentration increases (PubMed:25281782). Expression is up-regulated by the deletion of ctrA2 (PubMed:25281782)
Expressed with a circadian rhythm, with peak expression at the beginning of the night
Up-regulated expression in apoptotic granulosa cells and in atretic follicles of the ovaries (PubMed:18653706)
Directly regulated by p53/TP53. Negatively regulated by miR-126
(Microbial infection) Myostatin concentrations are decreased in serum of fish infected with nodavirus as compared to serum from uninfected fish (at protein level)
By exposure to reactive oxygen species (PubMed:11289612). Strongly induced by gibberellic acid (GA(3)) leading to an increased artemisinin yield (Ref.18)
Rapidly induced by sulfur dioxide SO(2) in a sulfite oxidase (SO)-dependent manner
Regulated by the cAMP receptor protein crp
Exhibits night/day variations with a drastically increased expression at night in the pineal gland
Up-regulated upon keratinocyte differentiation (at protein level)
Increases in strong (1 mM) hydrogen peroxide stress, and decreases in milder (0.5 mM) hydrogen peroxide stress
Indirectly by 20-hydroxyecdysone
By DFPM in the root meristematic zone. Induced by salicylic acid (SA)
Up-regulated during capillary tube formation in umbilical vein endothelial cells
Autoregulated; mediates its own polyadenylation and translational activation during frog oocyte maturation
By vanillin and ferulic acid
By anaerobic growth conditions and other conditions leading to accumulation of cytosolic NADH
Not induced by heat shock, dark to light transition, proteasome inhibitor MG132 or geldanamycin
Strongly induced by potassium chromate (K(2)Cr(2)O(7)) and cadmium chloride (CdCl(2)), but not by inducers of oxidative stress or thiol such as H(2)O(2), paraquat or diamide (PubMed:22985357). Induction by Cr and Cd requires sigF (PubMed:22985357). Probably part of the CCNA_03363 to CCNA_03366 operon
Expressed during growth on Fe(2+), sulfur and thiosulfate
Induced in the presence of exogenous hemoglobin and during the exponential growth phase and by cold-stress
By nitrogen starvation (PubMed:8051059). Expression is about 20-fold higher in stationary phase (PubMed:8051059). Positively regulated by the translational regulator CsrA (RsmA) (PubMed:15126453)
Expressed in mid-log phase at lower levels than toxin relE
Induced by chilling and mannitol (PubMed:7948880, PubMed:9517002). Induced by drought stress (PubMed:9517002, PubMed:20490919, PubMed:24062085). Induced by salt stress (PubMed:9517002, PubMed:20490919, PubMed:24062085). Induced by abscisic acid (ABA) (PubMed:20490919, PubMed:24062085). Induced by D-allose and D-glucose (PubMed:23397192)
Induced in response to increased extracellular osmolarity, this is the first gene of the proU operon (proV-proW-proX). Osmoregulation requires curved DNA downstream of the transcription start site in this gene, which is repressed when bound by H-NS. H-NS may act indirectly to influence the local topology of the promoter (PubMed:1423593)
Regulated by carbon source. Most abundant during growth on D-xylose and L-arabinose
By hyperosmotic stress in roots. Weakly induced by hyperosmotic stress and abscisic acid (ABA) in leaf blades (PubMed:15084714). Accumulates upon incompatible interaction with Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Ref.2)
Induced in pulmonary artery and lung parenchyma following injury or stress (PubMed:27742621). Expression in arteries increases in normal aging (PubMed:32679764)
Down-regulated by IL1B and IFNG
Strongly up-regulated by PGN from B.subtilis. Regulated by both imd/Relish and Toll pathways
Ty1-A is a weakly expressed element. Induced under amino acid starvation conditions by GCN4
By proline and is regulated by a common control element encoded by the PUT3 gene
Slightly by dehydration and low temperature
Induced in response to osmotic stress
Expressed during sporulation stages IV/V, part of an operon with downstream gene BMD_4542
Down-regulated by miR-15b (PubMed:26202983). Down-regulated in BRAFi resistant melanomas, leading to increased levels of JAK1 and possibly promoting BRAFi resistance
By SHH. Also induced by NKX6-1 in the developing spinal cord, but not in the rostral hindbrain
Up-regulated upon cell cycle arrest
Repressed by addition of D-galactose, D-mannose, D-glucose, D-ribose or sucrose, but not by the addition of non-metabolizable sugar analogs
Up-regulated by cellular porphyrins (at protein level) (PubMed:22655043, PubMed:17006453, PubMed:23180570). Up-regulated during erythroid differentiation (at protein level) (PubMed:22655043). Induced by sodium arsenite in a dose-dependent manner (PubMed:21266531)
Is mainly expressed during anaerobic growth. Is under the control of the Fnr transcriptional regulator
By O-dinitrobenzene
Induced by bleomycin, methyl methane sulphonate and hydrogen peroxide, which are known to induce oxidative lesions in DNA. Also induced by bacterial flagellin, which is known to elicit plant defense responses and a rapid oxidative burst, and by xylanase
By phosphate-limited conditions, via derepression by PhnF, and probably also via the two-component regulatory system senX3/regX3
Expression controlled by a sigma-E-regulated promoter which needs the sigma-E factor for the binding of the RNA polymerase and subsequent transcription
Activated by cAMP receptor protein (CRP) and integration host factor (IHF). Inhibited by PaaX
Induced by ciprofloxacin or mitomycin C in subinhibitory concentration
By the two quorum-sensing circuits LasR-LasI and RhlR-RhlI in a growth-phase dependent manner
By salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (MJ), ethylene (ET), wounding, and infection with the fungal pathogen A.brassicicola and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), both in local and systemic tissues
Up-regulated by interleukin IL15 in primary NK cells
Regulated by light only upon heat shock
By dorsalizing and ventralizing growth factors during mesoderm induction. Responds to the FGF-induced MAPK/Ets-serum response factor (srf-elk1)-signaling pathway. Induced by activin and bmp4 acting indirectly via an FGF-signaling pathway. Induced in response to wound-induced activation of the MAPK pathway. Induced by both t/bra and foxa4/pintallavis alone, with maximal activation requiring both transcription factors. Induction by t/bra is indirect and probably occurs via the FGF-signaling pathway, whereas induction by foxa4/pintallavis may be direct
Part of the yhjR-bcsQABZC operon. Expressed at low levels in mid-log phase, expression increases as cells enter stationary phase, the increase in stationary phase is dependent on rpoS (PubMed:24097954). Expression is higher at 28 than 37 degrees Celsius (at protein level) (PubMed:24097954)
Expression regulated by iron through the urbs1 transcription factor (PubMed:17138696). During pathogenic development, expression is confined to the phase of hyphal proliferation inside the plant (PubMed:17138696)
Transcriptionally regulated by ArgP in response to the accumulation of intracellular arginine or canavanine. Lysine has a negative effect on the expression of argO
Expression is repressed by iron
By gibberellin (GA3)
In root stele by iron deficiency
Induced upon heat-shock stress (at protein level)
By methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and wounding, probably through nitric oxide-mediated (NO) induction. Slightly locally induced upon herbivors infestation such as aphids (Myzus persicae and Brevicoryne brassicae), or caterpillar (Spodoptera exigua). Induced by leaf-volatiles generated by herbivors-mediated wounding such as (E)-2-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexenol or allo-ocimene (2,6-dimethyl-2,4,6-octatriene). Increased levels by bacterial pathogens (e.g. P.viridiflava and P.syringae pv. tomato). Repressed by WRKY62
By the transcription factor POU5F1 in ES cells that acts as a direct biphasic regulator: a steady-state concentration of POU5F1 up-regulated its expression, while an elevated concentration of POU5F1 down-regulated its expression. Up-regulated by the transcription factor FOXD3. Up-regulated in ES cells by transcription factors T (Brachyury) and STAT3. Down-regulated by p53 in response to DNA damage induced by ultraviolet light (UV) or doxorubicin. Down-regulated upon ES differentiation by mediating autorepression through interaction with ZNF281/ZFP281
Induced by pathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000, jasmonate (MeJA), ethylene (ET) and salicylic acid (SA), mainly in shoots (PubMed:31001913). Induced by increased levels of photorespiratory hydrogen peroxide H(2)O(2) (PubMed:21443605). Up-regulated by heat stress (PubMed:25593351). Strongly induced by the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea, both in locally and systemically infected leaves (PubMed:25593351)
Ty1-MR2 is a weakly expressed element. Induced under amino acid starvation conditions by GCN4
Strongly induced (up to 70-fold) by infection with phytopathogenic fungi like R.solanum, F.culmorum and B.cinerea
May be induced by serotonin
By light; perhaps through white collar-1 (wc-1) and white collar-2 (wc-2). Also activated directly by wc-1 and wc-2
Repressed by fur in the presence of iron (By similarity). Transcriptionally up-regulated by hydrogen peroxide and to a lesser extent by hypochlorous acid. Slightly down-regulated by human neutrophil azurophilic granule proteins
After inflammation stimulus
Transcriptionally repressed following hypoxia by HIF1A in leukemic cells
Up-regulated in liver in the absence of dietary unsaturated fatty acids(PubMed:1982442). Expression in adipose tissue seems to be constitutive (PubMed:1982442)
Expression is strongly activated (7-fold at 16 degrees Celsius compared to 37 degrees) at low temperature
Accumulates in response to stress conditions caused by abscisic acid (ABA) or salt treatment
By abscisic acid (ABA), dehydration, salt stress in plantlets. Induced by heavy metals and H(2)O(2)
Down-regulated in tumor cell lines in response to a high level of methylation in the 5' region. The CpG island methylation correlates with TMEFF2 silencing in tumor cell lines
Strongly up-regulated in response to viral hemorrhagic septicaemia virus infection
Up-regulated by dark treatment (PubMed:17468209). Induced during natural and dark-induced leaf senescence (PubMed:24719469)
By cytokinin in roots and leaves
Expression is strongly activated by cold shock (over 30-fold at 16 degrees Celsius compared to 37 degrees) at low temperature in a PNPase-dependent fashion. Repressed by RpoS
Modestly repressed by alanine and leucine via Lrp
By interleukin-1-beta in renal mesangial cells
By wounding, NaCl and by heat shock
Not regulated by high CO(2) levels. Up-regulated upon necrotrophic pathogen infection
Imprinted. Promoter methylation of the maternal allele may restrict expression to the paternal allele in placenta
Induced during switch to solvent production
Expression is induced upon exposure to itraconazole
Expression is increased during oxygen-glucose deprivation, reaching the highest expression level 12 hours after reoxygenation. Expression is also increased by ischemia, where maximum expression is reached 7 days after ischemic conditions
Part of the chpS-chpB operon
By cAMP and osmotic shock
The Vxr system positively regulates its expression
Controlled in part by the amount of available iron (PubMed:1838574). Induced 1.4-fold by hydroxyurea (PubMed:20005847)
Up-regulated during myoblast differentiation
By dichloromethane
Encoded in an operon with TP_0320, TP_0321, TP_0322 and TP_0323 that may code for an ABC-type nucleoside uptake system, with TP_0322 and/or TP_0323 encoding putative permeases, and TP_0319 encoding a ligand-binding protein
By spinal cord injury. This effect is particularly prominent in macrophages, microglia and reactive astrocytes
Mildy induced (5 to 9-fold) by oxidative and nitrosative stress, starvation, growth in the presence of isoniazid or gentamycin, strongly induced (24-fold) when grown in a non-replicating state
Up-regulated by auxin and paclobutrazol
Inhibited by growth in complex medium but induced by culture in plant extract
In high salinity conditions
Induced by ciprofloxacin and up-regulated by LexA
Expression is induced in the absence of erg4A
Increased after TCDD exposure in liver. Highly increased after TCDD exposure in kidney, spleen and heart. Up-regulated by 3-MC in small intestine
Repressed by the microRNA (miRNA) miR-26a
By bacterial challenge
Part of the rapF-phrF operon, which is controlled by ComA
Transcriptionally up-regulated by CueR in response to copper ions
Expressed with a circadian rhythm showing a peak during the middle of the day (under long day conditions) (PubMed:19513231). Up-regulated by light (PubMed:25557369)
Strong induction by ethylene and by wounding
By benzothiadiazole (BTH), dichloroisonicotinic acid, probenazole, jasmonic acid, wounding and infection with P.syringae and M.grisea, by stresses, hormones, heavy metals, high/low temperature, UV-C and phosphatase inhibitors
Up-regulated upon auxin treatment (PubMed:22087851). Up-regulated by jasmonate and methyl jasmonate (PubMed:23702703)
By 3- or 4-carboxydiphenyl ether and by phenol
Most abundant aquaporin in early embryonic state, adult active, and adult anhydrobiotic state (PubMed:23761966, PubMed:23029181). Expression is slightly up-regulated in early embryonic state (PubMed:23029181)
By the MYB-ETS fusion oncogene
Expression increases throughout development, reaching its peak during sporulation (PubMed:2152896, PubMed:1372277). Transcription is inhibited by excess nutrients and stimulated by peptidoglycan components and the B signal (PubMed:1372277). The csgA upstream region appears to process information concerning the levels of nutrients, peptidoglycan components and the B signal (PubMed:1372277). In the absence of nutrients, a region extending 400 bp upstream from the start site is necessary for development and maximal expression (PubMed:1372277). In the presence of low levels of nutrients, a region extending approximately 930 bp upstream is essential for the same tasks (PubMed:1372277)
Strongly expressed in planta but not expressed in axenic culture (PubMed:17308187)
Expressed in a circadian manner in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the brain
By brassinolide (BL)
Repressed by OpcR
Down-regulated by phorbol myristate acetate/ionomycin treatment
By salt, cold and drought stresses. Down-regulated by gibberellin
Isoform 1 is induced by insulin, prolactin and hydrocortisone in mammary epithelial cells. Expression of isoform 2 is repressed by the same treatment
By pathogen infection. Systemic induction during systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Not induced by light
By the activation of T-lymphocytes
Up-regulated by cholesterol-rich diet
Expression is regulated by the heterotrimeric G protein pga1 (PubMed:18364746)
Not induced by resveratrol or tannins
In roots by wounding and ethephon
By succinate, fumarate, and malate. Expression depends on the RpoN sigma factor
Constitutively expressed throughout the cell cycle (at protein level)
In exponential phase. The ohsC RNA (previously known as ryfC) prevents the toxic effects of shoB overproduction, probably by repressing its translation. Expression of the proteinaceous toxin is controlled by antisense sRNA OhsC
Frequently down-regulated in nonsmall cell lung carcinomas and prostate cancers. Down-regulation in prostate cancer is due to CpG hypermethylation of its promoter. However, some involvement in cancer is unclear
Expression is controlled by light and by a circadian clock. Differentially regulated at the level of mRNA stability at different times of day, being a target of the degradation pathway mediated by the downstream (DST) instability determinant and thus following a circadian clock rhythm with highest levels in early afternoon (PubMed:16055688). Rapidly degraded upon illumination; this degradation coincides with the release of the LFNR from the thylakoid membrane (PubMed:26941088). Repressed by calmodulin (CaM) antagonists such as trifluoperazine (TFP) and N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthelene-sulfonamid-hydrochloride (W7); this repression is alleviated by lanthanum (e.g. LaCl(3)) (PubMed:16980540)
By vitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, and by calcium and phosphorous deficiency
Induced by iron starvation conditions and during infection of human THP-1 macrophages. Transcriptionally repressed by ideR and iron (By similarity)
Up-regulated during the differentiation of oligodendrocyte lineage cells and during brain development at the time of myelination. Down-regulated in the hippocampal CA fields and dentate gyrus by seizures
Expressed in response to both environmental conditions and genetic regulatory factors. Transcription is subject to complex control and is stimulated by the SPI1-encoded HilC and HilD (By similarity)
Induced when grown at 35 degrees Celsius
Levels follow a circadian cycle with higher levels during the day, in a calcium ion-dependent manner (PubMed:17227550). Triggered by water stress, osmotic stress (e.g. salt and mannitol), diacylglycerol pyrophosphate (DGPP) and abscisic acid (ABA) (PubMed:8148648, PubMed:9418048, PubMed:12694590, PubMed:16463099, PubMed:16766676, PubMed:21374086, PubMed:8448363, PubMed:1830821). Pretreatment with lanthanum, a calcium-channel blocker, prevents mannitol-mediated induction (PubMed:9418048). Induced reversibly by low temperature; by both acute (2-24 hours at 4 degrees Celsius) and chronic (5-6 weeks at 10 degrees Celsius) cold treatments (PubMed:8148648, PubMed:12694590, PubMed:21374086, PubMed:8290624, PubMed:8448363, PubMed:1830821, PubMed:19470100, PubMed:17227550). Levels are correlated with the rate of root elongation in the cold (PubMed:19470100). Induced by the plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) Enterobacter sp. EJ01 (PubMed:24598995). Triggered by WRKY8 during salt stress via direct promoter regulation in a pathway that involves PP2CG1 (PubMed:21374086, PubMed:23451802, PubMed:22627139). Induction by salt is also ethylene-dependent, with the intervention of EIN3 that activates ESE1, the transcription regulator of the pathway (PubMed:21832142). The salt-mediated accumulation involves reactive oxygen species (ROS), ROS-dependent induction being repressed by the NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenylene iodonium (DPI) (PubMed:21677096). Stimulated reversibly via histone modifications (e.g. enrichment of H3K9ac and H3K4me3) by wounding and water deprivation (PubMed:22983672, PubMed:22505693, PubMed:18779215). Inactivated via histone modifications after rehydration (e.g. removal of H3K9ac and reduction of H3K4me3) (PubMed:22505693). At 22 degrees Celsius, induced synergistically by osmotic stress and ABA. In cold conditions, however, impaired induction by osmotic stress but induced synergistically by cold and ABA (PubMed:9880362)
Up-regulated by high fat diet (at protein level)
Expression is highly repressed by the histone deacetylase HDA1 and the beauvericin cluster-specific repressor BEA4 (PubMed:27750383). BEA biosynthesis is also repressed by the activity of the H3K27 methyltransferase KMT6 (PubMed:27750383)
By wounding and methyl jasmonate (MeJa). Down-regulated by salicylic acid (SA)
Induced by ABA at both transcript and protein levels in a specific, transient manner
Expression reduced by 70% under dark conditions
In hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), up-regulated by cannabinoids, including the CNR1/CB1R agonist arachidonyl-29-chloroethylamide (ACEA) (at protein level)
Induced by spermine and infection with the cucumber mosaic virus (CMV-Y and CMV-B2 strains)
Circadian-regulation. Peak of transcript abundance near subjective dawn. Down-regulated and strongly decreased amplitude of circadian oscillation upon cold treatment
By mitomycin C and UV irradiation which requires RecA
Expression is induced under mimicked-infection conditions
By senescence
By treatment with H(2)O(2) (PubMed:8658136). Repressed by FurA (PubMed:11401695)
By iron deficiency, specifically in the root vasculature (e.g. pericycle) (PubMed:20675571, PubMed:25452667). Destabilized upon iron-binding (PubMed:25452667)
In response to a plant signal such as luteolin via the regulatory gene NodD
Activated in cells undergoing apoptosis
Progressive reduction of protein levels after 4 month of age in the hippocampus of SAMP8 mouse, a mouse with early aging syndrome and reduced ability of learning and memory
Constitutively expressed, activity is maximal at the end of vegetative growth and declines during stationary phase when grown in rich broth (LB) (at protein level). Expressed in a similar fashion in minimal medium containing glucose, fructose, trehalose, maltose or sucrose
Induced by combination of forskolin and dexamethasone in primary hepatocytes
Induced by light. Repressed by darkness, cold, anaerobic treatment, heat and sucrose. Changes conformation depending on redox conditions
Induced under low nutrient or anoxic conditions
By hypercapnic stimulation (CO2 inhalation) in ventral medullary surface neurons but not in the cerebral cortex
Expression increases approximately 3-fold upon entry into G1 phase compared to other phases of the cell cycle. Also induced following inhibition of mitochondrial protein synthesis by thiamphenicol
Up-regulated in the absence of histone deacetylase 2/HDAC2 in the heart from HDAC2-null mice
By salt stress in young plants. Up-regulated during low water potential. Induced upon non-host pathogen infection
Induced by ketoconazoland fluconazole; and repressed by EFG1, RIM101, SSN6, and alkaline conditions. Enriched in the media of yeast form-containing cultures. Expression is also regulated by HAP43, SEF1, and SFU1
Down-regulated by beta-catenin
Is not expressed during vegetative growth; is expressed at stage 5 of sporulation specifically in the mother cell compartment, under the control of the sigma-K factor. Is repressed by GerE
Upon lipid starvation conditions, expression is activated by FOXO (FOXO1 and FOXO3)
Reduced when grown in a poor nitrogen source medium and strongly down-regulated when cells enter quiescence under nutrient-limiting conditions
By light. In etiolated seedlings, initial expression is reduced but after further illumination, levels steadily increase
By aniline
By heat shock, salt stress, ethanol stress, oxidative stress, glucose limitation and oxygen limitation
Locus amb0973 is part of the probable 18 gene mamAB operon
By PDGF and angiotensin II in aortic smooth muscle cells. By deprivation of NGF in neuronal cell cultures. Induced during coronary heart ligation
In macrophages, release is increased by endocannabinoid anandamide/AEA
Cotranscribed with vcrA and vcrC
Transcription is repressed by heat shock
Transcription decreases upon iron starvation
Transcribed under both aerobic (with succinate or glucose) and anaerobic (with glycerol with or without fumarate) conditions (PubMed:24374335). Part of the sdhE-ygfX operon (PubMed:22474332)
By heat stress and oilseed rape mosaic virus (PubMed:10760238, PubMed:10760305, PubMed:11489180, PubMed:16644052, PubMed:16995899, PubMed:17144892, PubMed:7866032). Regulated by HSA32 that retards its decay in a positive feedback loop (at protein level) during recovery after heat treatment (PubMed:23439916)
By IFNB1/IFN-beta
Not induced by arginine, repressed by RocR itself
During a Nippostrongylus brasiliensis parasite infection. The expression is a transient event, with a maximum at day 6 of the 13-day-long infection
By cold and UV-B
Expression is induced upon exposure to a wide range of unrelated cytotoxic compounds, including acriflavine, benomyl, ethidium bromide, ketoconazole, chloramphenicol, griseofulvin, fluconazole, imazalil, itraconazole, methotrexate, 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide, tioconazolethe, or the allylamine terbinafine (PubMed:16849730, PubMed:17425668, PubMed:27121717). Expression in up-regulated in the presence of keratin (PubMed:19141731)
Constitutively expressed, it is further induced by S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) and S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) (at protein level)
Ty1-NL2 is a weakly expressed element. Induced under amino acid starvation conditions by GCN4
Not expressed by conditions that usually induce expression in other bacteria, such as amino acid starvation, antibiotics or addition of chitin. Induces its own transcription by a mechanism that requires CRP, cAMP and CRP-S site in its promoter. Negatively regulated at the post-translational level via degradation by Lon protease
Expression is negatively regulated by the TUP1 transcriptional repressor. Also regulated by EFG1, RFG1 and RIM101. Induced during hyphal growth, during mating process, under alkaline conditions, and by farnesol. Repressed by fluconazole
Constitutively expressed. Not induced by bacterial infection
By benzoate
Not regulated by elicitor
Expression is repressed by caspofungin and during chlamydospore formation. Also regulated during white-opaque switch, and by NRG1, TUP1 and HAP43
Up-regulated upon activation of glutamate-operated calcium channels
Induced upon entry into host epithelial cells
Up-regulated by salicylate via the transcriptional regulator BsdA
Transcriptionally regulated by POU5F1/OCT4 and SOX2
By heat shock. Transcribed by the sigma-32 subunit of RNA polymerase
In podocytes, up-regulated by retinoic acid
Up-regulated by unfolded protein response (UPR) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress triggered by thapsigargin or tunicamycin
Induced in high iron conditions
Slightly induced by potassium dichromate (K(2)Cr(2)O(7)) (PubMed:22985357). Induction by Cr is partially dependent on sigF (PubMed:22985357). Probably part of the sigF-nrsF operon (PubMed:22985357)
Accumulates in response to CuCl(2), mannitol, sorbitol, and flagellin oligopeptide (e.g. flg22) treatments. Induced after long treatment (2 days) with NaCl, KCl, MgCl(2) and FeCl(3). Slight induction in Mg(2+) deprivation. Slightly repressed by dehydration
Induced in the presence of D-nicotine (PubMed:5849820). Expressed during stationary phase (PubMed:4019415)
Regulated by the CpxA/CpxR two-component system. Negatively regulated by EnvZ/OmpR
Induced 24 hours after treatment with Nod factor or Sinorhizobium meliloti
Increased expression upon activation of the Insulin/TOR/Myc pathway in response to protein diet
In the first section of the leaf sheath expression decreases after 7 days of cold treatment. In the second section of the leaf sheath expression increases upon cold treatment. In the thrid section of the leaf sheath and the first section from the leaf blade expression increases in the first 4 days of cold treatment before returning to its original levels. In the leaf tip expression decreases after 2 days of cold treatment
By NaCl and abscisic acid (ABA)
Repressed hyphae and in biofilm
Up-regulated upon ischemia/hypoxia
By polyamine analogs in M1 myeloid leukemia cells
By liver X-receptor/retinoid X receptor agonists or cholesterol loading
Induced by infection with the bacterial pathogen P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000. Repressed in response to drought and abscisic acid (ABA)
Expression is down-regulated prior to the diauxic shift
By 9-cis retinoic acid (9CRA)
Induced during growth on maize and banana roots
Up-regulated upon denervation (at protein level)
Up-regulated in brown adipose tissue of diabetic fatty (fa/fa) rats. Exposure of fa/fa rats to cold resulted in a much smaller increase as compared to lean rats in which a 2.6 fold increase was seen. Leptin is required for normal basal and cold-stimulated expression in brown adipose tissue and hyperleptinemia rapidly up-regulates its expression. It is induced not only by cold exposure but also by prolonged low-intensity physical exercise in epitrochlearis muscle
By growth on lactose
By abscisic acid, H(2)O(2) and nitrogen deprivation. Down-regulated by salt stress
Expression is regulated by the sigma factor RpoS
Up-regulated in activated peripheral monocytes and THP-1 cells
By iron deficiency in roots and chlorotic leaves
Up-regulated in response to environmental toxicants such as methylmercury
Not induced by abscisic acid
By growth in the presence of long chain fatty acids (C14-C18) (PubMed:7836365)
Strongly down-regulated upon differentiation in a neuroblastoma cell line (at protein level)
Up-regulated by notch1
Down-regulated by hemin in the liver and by 6-amino-levulinate (or its methyl ester) in the liver, kidney, heart, testis and brain
Up-regulated by PGN from B.subtilis
Induced upon entry into stationary phase by iron, oxidative and salt stress under aerobic conditions. AcnA is subject to CRP-mediated catabolite repression and ArcA-mediated anaerobic repression. AcnA is negatively regulated by ryhB RNA
Accumulates transiently in response to jasmonic acid (MeJA)
Autoregulated. Differentially up-regulated under different stress conditions, such as low concentrations of detergents and alkaline pH. Induced by low concentrations of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in a SigE-dependent manner. In strain ATCC 25618 / H37Rv, repressed during growth in macrophages
Expression is induced by methionine (PubMed:26173180). Nitrogen starvation induces expression of terA and promotes terrein production during fruit infection, via regulation by areA and atfA (PubMed:26173180). Iron limitation acts as a third independent signal for terrein cluster induction via the iron response regulator hapX (PubMed:26173180). Finally, expression is under the control of the terrein cluster-specific transcription factor terR (PubMed:25852654)
By maltose, and repression by glucose
Positively regulated by WalR. Expressed mainly during exponential growth and rapidly shut off as cells enter the stationary phase
By polyamine analogs in analog-sensitive H157 cells
Induced as a primary response to 20-hydroxyecdysone in third instar larval imaginal disks
Expression is highly up-regulated during iron starvation (PubMed:26960149)
In natural killer cells, by IFNB1/IFN-beta and IL2/interleukin-2 (at protein level) (PubMed:10438909). Up-regulated by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress triggered by thapsigargin or tunicamycin (PubMed:27485036)
Rapidly and strongly induced by H(2)O(2) treatment in both leaves and roots. Accumulates during senescence and in response to wounding
Induced during growth on lactose. Repressed by glucose
Induced in alveolar epithelial cells during exposure to the fungus R.delemar, a causative agent of mucormycosis
Carboxysome size and components vary with growth conditions. When grown in ambient air at medium light (50 uE meter(-2) second(-1)) there are 853 RuBisCO complexes (RbcL8S8) per carboxysome (measured using the small subunit), the numbers decrease under low light and high CO(2), and increase under high light (at protein level)
Expression is correlated with the production of patulin (PubMed:25120234). Expression is positively regulated by the secondary metabolism regulator laeA (PubMed:27528575, PubMed:30100914). Expression is strongly decreased with increased sucrose concentrations. This decrease is lost in the presence of malic acid (PubMed:30100914). Expression is increased with pH changes from 2.5 to 3.5 in the presence of a limiting concentration of sucrose, 50 mM (PubMed:30100914). Natural phenols present in apple fruits such as chlorogenic acid or the flavonoid epicatechin modulate patulin biosynthesis. They increase expression in the absence of sucrose, have little impact in the presence of 15 mM sucrose, and decrease expression in 175 mM sucrose (PubMed:30100914). Finally, expression is also positively regulated by the velvet family proteins transcription regulators veA, velB, velC, but not vosA (PubMed:30680886)
Up-regulated by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) in HL-60 cells
Repressed by estrogen in anterior pituitary cells (PubMed:25360890). Induced by estrogen and progesterone in astrocytes (PubMed:31214013). Induced by growth hormone and Igf1 in Leydig cells at 10 and 40 days old but not at 60 days (PubMed:16619233)
Induced by the oxidant juglone and starvation
Expressed in proliferating cells, the expression decreases during senescence. In keratinocytes, expression levels decrease upon calcium exposure
Induced by the elicitor harpin (HrpN) from Erwinia amylovora and infection with E.amylovora (PubMed:9724698). Induced by infection with the bacterial pathogens Pseudomonas syringae pv syringae and Pseudomonas syringae pv tabaci (PubMed:9724698). Induced by salicylate (SA), wounding, jasmonate (JA), paraquat and 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (3AT) (PubMed:9724698)
By the metal chelator phenanthroline via Rip1
Expressed at higher level in female compared to males cells (at protein level)
Expression is down-regulated by resveratrol (PubMed:26420172)
Transcribed after 6 hours in infected mouse fibroblast cells, that is from the mid-phase of the developmental cycle
Induced by exposures to biotic stress (e.g. Agrobacterium tumefaciens) and abiotic stress (e.g. hypoxia, cycloheximide, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, AgNO(3) and aminoethoxyvinylglycine). Repressed by exposures to biotic stress (e.g. nematode and Botrytis cinerea) and abiotic stress (e.g. salt, genotoxic, wounding, drought and oxidative stress)
Integrin alpha-E/beta-7 is induced by TGFB1
By salicylic acid (SA) (PubMed:22577987). Repressed by drought (PubMed:34197643)
Abundance in roots follows a diurnal oscillating expression pattern peaking during the night period (Ref.11). Induced by water stress and abscisic acid (ABA) in a concentration-dependent manner (PubMed:21398647, Ref.11). Activated by salicylic acid (SA) (PubMed:29464319). Repressed by ABA biosynthesis inhibitors nordihydroguaiaretic acid and tungstate under water stress (PubMed:21398647). Induced by high salinity (NaCl) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) treatments (Ref.11). Triggered by zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs); this induction is reversed by sodium nitroprusside (SNP, a NO donor) (PubMed:25958266). Repressed by cadmium (Cd) (PubMed:28969789). Inhibited by heat stress (HS) (e.g. 35 degrees Celsius day/27 degrees Celsius night, 38 degrees Celsius day/30 degrees Celsius night) (PubMed:29464319)
Induced by H(2)O(2), via OxyR
Synthesis is controlled by glucocorticoids, interleukin-1 and interleukin-6, It increases 5- to 50-fold upon inflammation
Up-regulated by forskolin probably through the transcription factor MITF
Deletion of the conserved eukaryotic csnE deneddylase subunit of the COP9 signalosome leading to defect in protein degradation results in the activation of the silenced dba gene cluster (PubMed:23001671). Expression is positively regulated by the dba cluster specific transcription factors dbaA and dbaG (PubMed:23001671). Expression is also controlled by the transcription factor flbB (PubMed:25701285)
Expression is cell cycle-regulated, with an increase from prophase to cytokinesis and return to basal levels at the next G1 phase
By feeding (By similarity). By the presence of Borrelia burgdorferi (By similarity)
By Fnr, NarL and NarP under anaerobic conditions in the presence of either nitrate or nitrite
Circadian-regulation with a peak in the middle of the morning and at the end of the light period. Isoforms 1 and 2 are induced by sucrose in roots. Isoform 1 is induced by nitrate in roots, but not isoform 2. Isoform 1 is down-regulated by ammonium, glutatmate and aspartate in roots, but not isoform 2
Induced by N-benzylformamide. Repressed by glucose
Expressed with a circadian rhythm showing a peak at the end of the day and then decreasing to reach the lowest levels at the end of the night
Not induced by light
Expressed during normal cell growth and in bacteria growing in a human cell line (at protein level) (PubMed:11742086). Transcription activated by SlyA, which is dependent on PhoP
Expression is under the control of the developmental and secondary metabolism regulators laeA and veA (PubMed:24082142, PubMed:24116213)
Poorly expressed in logarithmic growth, induced in stationary phase. By acid stress (pH 4.5), heat shock. Has 3 promoters, the first 2 are sigma-70-dependent, the third is positively auto-regulated
Up-regulated by wounding in local and systemic leaves
Up-regulated by androgens in the prostate, but not in the other tissues tested
Expressed in exponential and stationary phase in rich medium; expression is a bit higher in stationary phase (at protein level)
Induced by glycine and repressed by the C1 metabolic end products
Induced by phenylalanine or tyrosine via TyrR and repressed by tryptophan via the Trp repressor
Expression is regulated by circadian rhythms. Up-regulated by parathyroid hormone (PTH) (at protein level). Up-regulated by IL-3, forskolin, 8-bromo-cAMP, phorbol myristate acetate and PTH in primary osteoblasts and calvariae
Expression is controlled by VirS. Induced at acidic pH and in macrophages, and in response to low levels of nitric oxide (NO)
Slightly induced by cold stress
Expression is induced in response to methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and locally and systemically in response to mechanical wounding (PubMed:17416643). Parenchyma-specific induction of expression in flowers and leaves by MeJA. No induction of expression by MeJA in epidermal, vascular or sporogenous tissues (PubMed:7550377). Caterpillar (Helicoverpa zea) labial saliva induces expression in leaves damaged by herbivory (PubMed:23065106)
Up-regulated in alveolar macrophages in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
Up-regulated by poly I:C
Down-regulated by P.aeruginosa, PAO1 strain and PA14 strain infection
By bacterial and parasitic infection
Highly expressed in young root nodules in parallel with membrane proliferation but is repressed in mature nodules
Isoform 2: Expressed in a circadian manner in the intestine
The ERG3 promoter contains 2 upstream activation sequences, UAS1 and UAS2 (PubMed:8772195). UAS1 regulates gene expression but does not affect sterol regulation (PubMed:8772195). UAS2 is required for sterol regulation (PubMed:8772195). The absence of sterol esterification leads to a decrease of ERG3 expression (PubMed:8772195)
By etoposide, puromycin or carboplatin
By auxin (e.g. NAA) and cytokinin (e.g. 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA))
Negatively regulated by AHL21/GIK
Expressed throughout the entire infection process during in infection of rye tissue
By ethephon and jasmonic acid
By nog, zic1 and zic3
Induced by jasmonic acid (JA)
Induced by MUTE in stomatal-lineage cells
More protein is secreted in a secA2 mutant (PubMed:18621893), while less protein is secreted in a secG or double secG/secY2 mutant (PubMed:20472795) (at protein level)
Up-regulated by cadmium, Hg, Fe and Cu, but not by Mn or Co
Induced by high light at protein level, but not at transcript level. Strongly up-regulated in response to acceptor limitation at photosystem I (PSI) in plants lacking of photosynthetic [2Fe-2S] ferredoxin (Fd)
Expression is sigma W-dependent. Induced by alkali stress. Strongly induced at the end of the exponential growth phase
Up-regulated by p53/TP53 in cancer cells (PubMed:25899918). Up-regulated by DNA damage stimulus or starvation (PubMed:25899918)
Expression does not significantly increase during development of the basidiocarp
Not induced in the ovarian follicle by intravenous injection of LPS. Expression in cultured vaginal cells is increased by LPS and S.enteritidis
By the five sucrose isomers and other alpha-glucosides (but not by sucrose or glucose)
Association with RNAP core increases during H(2)O(2), NaOH, rifampicin stress and during sporulation (at protein level)
During neurite outgrowth
Induced during exposure to the weak acid stress of acetic acid, through the regulation by the transcription factor MNL1
Rapidly induced by cold
By methionine. Repressed by sulfate and cysteine
Up-regulated by serum (at protein level)
Induced by salicylic acid (SA), ethylene and infection with the rice blast fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae (Ref.1). Induced by abscisic acid (ABA) and heat shock in leaves (PubMed:25002225)
Activated by RamA and repressed by RipA and RamB
Up-regulated by LIF. Down-regulated during differentiation of embryonic stem cells, or during retinoic acid-induced differentiation of F9 cells (at protein level). Regulated by JMJD1A, which mediates histone H3K9Me2 demethylation at its promoter, thereby activating expression
Expression is positively regulated by the transcriptional regulator wor1 (PubMed:24521437, PubMed:27274078). Exhibits high expression at the early stages of infection when runner hyphae were growing on the tomato leaf surface (PubMed:24465762). Expression drops after penetration when the fungus is colonizing the apoplastic space between mesophyll cells (PubMed:24465762, PubMed:27997759). The expression is induced at later stages of infection when conidiophores emerge from the plant and produce conidia (PubMed:24465762)
Induced during p53/TP53 mediated apoptosis. Up-regulated by DNA damage in cortical neurons in the presence of p53/TP53
Down-regulated in macrophages by single-stranded CpG oligodeoxynucleotide stimulation
Up-regulated during adult neuronal stem cell differentiation
Expression is very low in excess nitrogen (glutamate plus ammonia) and is induced during limiting-nitrogen conditions (glutamate). Expression is further induced when allantoin or allantoate are added during limiting-nitrogen conditions
Up-regulated by hypoxia in hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1A)-dependent manner
Expression is barely detectable at the basal hyphal growth phase but induced during conidial development (PubMed:18448366)
Induced by the mycotoxin fumonisin B1
Up-regulated during osteogenic differentiation
Expression is cell-cycle dependent with highest levels during S phase
Up-regulated by interleukin IL6 and soluble interleukin receptor IL6R in astrocytes (PubMed:25903009)
Induced by wounding and methyl jasmonate (MeJA)
By methyl jasmonate and infection with the fungal pathogen B.cinerea
Induced in the presence of L-alanyl-L-alanine dipeptides
By salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (MJ), ethylene, abscisic acid (ABA), dark and infection with the fungal pathogen A.brassicicola and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV)
Expressed throughout the meiotic cell cycle
By gibberellin A3 (GA3)
Accumulates in response to ammonium but repressed by nitrate
Down-regulated in the pyramidal cell layer of CA1 in the hippocampus by global ischemia
Under positive control of gibberellic acid
Expression decreases in response to peroxisome proliferators
Down-regulated by Legionella pneumophila infection
Repressed by ethanol
Induced by DNA-damaging agents
Up-regulated by cold, salt and cytokinin treatment
Follows a light-dependent circadian-regulated expression with a small peak in the evening, about 12 hours after dawn
Expression is induced in absence of HOG1 under non-stressed conditions
Down-regulated by dexamethasone (in vitro)
By ABA, dehydration, wounding and salt treatment
Regulated at the post-transcriptional level. In rich medium, protein is expressed only in the stationary phase of growth. In minimal medium, protein is expressed only at pH 5.5 in the presence of urocanic acid
By tomato fruit ripening. Expression is up-regulated by plant hormone auxin in tomato fruits
Up-regulated in colon under several inflammatory conditions. Up-regulated upon pulmonary inflammation elicited by sensitization and challenge with the chitin-free aeroallergen ovalbumin or with chitin-containing antigen house dust mite (HDM) extract. Up-regulated in lungs after S.pneumoniae infection. Up-regulated in splenic cells of mammary tumor-bearing animals. Down-regulated by hyperoxia in lung
Up-regulated by IFNG/IFN-gamma (at protein level). Up-regulated by IRF1. Up-regulated by TNF (at protein level). Up-regulated by tetrodotoxin (TTX) in glial cells. Up-regulated in Crohn's bowel disease (CD). Up-regulated by CD40L via the NFKB1 pathway in cancer cells
Transiently induced by K(+) depletion
The estrogen ethinylestradiol (EE2) significantly decreases expression in both male and female livers. The environmental contaminants polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) result in an increase in gene expression and a delay in metamorphosis
The mRNA levels in rat liver are up-regulated in response to thyroid hormone (T3) and a carbohydrate-rich diet. Up-regulated in liver at the time of weaning, when pups switch from a high-fat milk diet to having to synthesize their own fatty acids. Down-regulated by fasting. Levels of mRNA increase within 20 minutes of T3 administration
Induced by copper and, to some extent, by ferric and lead ions
Expressed in log phase cells. A member of the relJK operon
Induced under anaerobic conditions
Expression increased by estrogen in ovarian cancer cells
Expression is induced by the GacS/GacA two-component system and repressed by the pathway-specific regulators PhlF and PhlH. Expression is not influenced by the substrate DAPG or the degradation product MAPG
Up-regulated in bone marrow upon differentiation (at protein level)
Transcriptionally regulated by IdeR
By auxin-rich callus induction medium (CIM) in root explants followed by a transfer onto cytokinin-containing shoot induction medium (SIM)
Ty1-ML2 is a highly expressed element. Induced under amino acid starvation conditions by GCN4
Induced during growth on olive oil (PubMed:18987860). Induced during growth on the lipidic carbon source 16-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid (synthetic cutin monomer) (PubMed:18987860). Induced during growth on plant material (PubMed:18987860). Induced during growth on pectin (PubMed:18987860). Repressed during growth on glucose carbon source (PubMed:18987860)
By lipopolysaccharide (LPS) through TRL4-TRIF-dependent pathway. Expression in Sertoli and promyelocytic cells is enhanced several-fold by all-trans retinoic acid
In leaves, by wounding, elicitation, bacterial or fungal infection
By hypoxia, leading to inhibit NOS3 expression
During persistent infection, while it is induced one day after infection, but transcription, it is severely down-regulated
By anaerobic conditions. Its expression is under the control of DmsR
Repressed by D-glucose
Repressed by GlnR under conditions of nitrogen excess (PubMed:2573733). Repressed by TnrA under conditions of nitrogen limitation
Not induced by infection with virulent or avirulent P.syringae. Not induced by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) and yeast elicitator (YE)
Induced under green light, it is part of the cpeESTR operon
Expression is repressed in the presence of nitrate
Induced by both root-knot and cyst nematodes when nematode feeding sites (NFS, giant cells) are developped and form galls
By elevated osmotic pressure in the growth medium
Induced by salicylic acid (PubMed:18583528). Down-regulated upon treatment with flagellin 22, a pathogen elicitor (PubMed:18583528). Induced by auxin, cytokinin and thermospermine in roots (PubMed:28199662). Induced by spermine, thermospermine, N-acetylspermine and spermidine in roots (PubMed:24550437)
Positively autoregulated (PubMed:11101667). Part of the senX3-regX3 operon (PubMed:9426136). The two genes are separated by a rather long intercistronic region composed of a class of duplicated sequences named mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units (MIRUs) (PubMed:9426136)
By salicylic acid (SA) and BTH
By arsenate
Repressed by herbicides such as flufenacet and benfuresate (PubMed:12916765). Up-regulated by osmotic stress and down-regulated by low temperature, salt and drought (PubMed:18465198)
Up-regulated by salt, drought, abscisic acid and glucose, but not by cold
Down-regulated in emphysematous lung compared to normal lung
In B cells, expression is highly increased upon activation by LPS or CpG
Expression is under control of the CSY1 amino-acid sensor (PubMed:28028545). Expression is also regulated by PLC1 and GCN4 (PubMed:16207920, PubMed:16215176). Expression is induced during development of rat catheter biofilm (PubMed:19527170)
Constitutively expressed (at protein level) (PubMed:28319081)
(Microbial infection) Up-regulated specifically following influenza A virus (IAV) infection in a viral replication-dependent manner (at protein level) (PubMed:26864902)
Not regulated by UV-B
Up-regulated by the transcription factor KLF4 in a interleukin IL4-dependent manner in macrophage (PubMed:25934862). Up-regulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (at protein level) (PubMed:21616078). Up-regulated by chemokine CCL2 during adipocytes differentiation (PubMed:19666473). Up-regulated in activated T lymphocytes (PubMed:23185455). Up-regulated in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in a MyD88-dependent manner in macrophages (PubMed:18178554, PubMed:18682727, PubMed:19322177). Up-regulated by phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate (PMA) in primary T lymphocytes (PubMed:23185455). Up-regulated by interleukin IL17 in keratinocytes (PubMed:26320658)
Induced by interferon alpha
Expression is regulated by the aurofusarin biosynthesis cluster-specific transcription factor aurR1/GIP2 (PubMed:16879655, PubMed:16461721). Expression is negatively regulated by the MAPK-mediated osmotic stress-signaling pathway (PubMed:17897620). Expression is also regulated by the CID1 cyclin C-like protein (PubMed:19909822)
Expression is slightly induced in the presence of caffeic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid and protocatechuic acid
Up regulated by iron deficiency in roots and leaves, as well as by nickel, high zinc or high copper treatments. Repressed by heat treatment, high iron, low copper and low zinc treatments
In macrophages, up-regulated by IFNG, but not by IL2, IL4, IL10, nor TNF (PubMed:7884320). Up-regulated by IFNG in lymph node cells and thymocytes and other cell types (PubMed:7836757, PubMed:9725230, PubMed:24563254). In astrocytes, up-regulated by TNF and IFNG; when both cytokines are combined, the effect is synergistic (PubMed:19285957). Due to sequence similarity with Tgtp2, it is impossible to assign unambiguously experimental data published in the literature to Tgtp1 or Tgtp2 gene (Probable)
Up-regulated by IFNG, IFNA1 and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) within 20 hours. Transiently up-regulated during the early stages of infection by Listeria monocytogenes. After 6 days expression is back to basal levels
Repressed by HAP43
Up-regulated by endoplasmic reticulum stress
Accumulates in response to Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mites) infection, and transiently after mechanical wounding and upon treatment with alamethicin (ALA), a potent fungal elicitor
Part of the CBASS operon consisting of cdnD-cap2-cap3-cap4
In response to DNA damage; expression is regulated by KLF4
Transcription is stable during the exponential phase and increases only in standard conditions in late exponential phase
Down-regulated by aging
In cultured bacteria, first detected in late exponential growth (17 hours), reaches maximal levels at 24-25 hours and remains nearly constant for 5 days (at protein level)
Down-regulated during the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)
A monocistronic operon. Induced by L-alanine in minimal media. Constitutively expressed in rich medium, declines during sporulation. Induced early during sporulation on minimal medium by L-alanine. Affects its own expression (PubMed:8226620). Transcription activated by AdeR (PubMed:22797752)
Ty1-DR5 is a weakly expressed element. Induced under amino acid starvation conditions by GCN4
Expression is cell-cycle regulated. Levels increase as dividing cells traverse the G1/S boundary (PubMed:18171986). The protein is degraded by the proteasome pathway during mitotic exit. Also degraded in response to DNA damage in G2 cells; this degradation is mediated by the E3 FZR1/APC/C complex (PubMed:25349192)
The most abundant of the sigma factor transcripts, it is expressed in exponential phase; repressed by detergent (7-fold), heat shock (9-fold, 45 degrees Celsius) and in stationary phase. Not autoregulated (PubMed:22015173)
Down-regulated by theophylline (THP) and 1,3-dinitrobenzene (DNB), two reprotoxic agents thought to induce infertility
No induction in fermentatively grown cells
Up-regulated under iron-deficient conditions in root and shoot tissues (PubMed:16926158, PubMed:18224446, PubMed:24887487). Slightly induced in shoots by zinc deficiency (PubMed:18224446)
Repressed during nodule organogenesis and reinduced in mature nodules
In peripheral blood mononuclear cells and purified monocytes, up-regulated by bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and interferon-beta/IFNB1 at the mRNA level (PubMed:16893518, PubMed:24879791). However, this increase is not observed at the protein level, which remains constant in monocytes and other cell types following LPS treatment (PubMed:25121752) (PubMed:26508369). In monocyte-derived macrophages, some up-regulation at the protein level is observed following treatment with LPS and IFNB1 (PubMed:25964352). In SH-EP1 neuroblastoma cell line, up-regulated by NF-kappa-B RELA/p65 at both mRNA and protein levels
Levels follow a circadian cycle with a progressive accumulation during the day time (PubMed:25343985). By light. Expression is delayed and reduced under SD conditions. Repressed by FLC. Up-Regulated by VOZ1 and/or VOZ2 (PubMed:22904146). Up-regulated by APL/FE (PubMed:26239308). Down-regulated by the H3K36me2 modification at the FT locus produced by the interaction between EFM and JMJ30 (PubMed:25132385). Repressed by MYB56 (PubMed:25343985)
Induced by renal hypertonic stress, via mRNA stabilization
Transcriptionally regulated by guanidine, via a guanidine-sensing riboswitch
Induced more than 30-fold upon cold shock. The induced activity is maximal after 2 h of cold shock, and then gradually declines but does not disappear (PubMed:10092655). Induced in persister cells (PubMed:16768798)
Highly expressed in biofilms and during candidiasis infection dissemination
Positively regulated via the bile acid-activated nuclear receptor farnesoid X receptor (NR1H4/FXR)
Up-regulated by pro-inflammatory stimuli, such as IFNG (at protein level). Down-regulated by anti-inflammatory stimuli, such as TGFB1 and dexamethasone (at protein level)
Up-regulated by oxidative stress and when chloroplasts undergo differentiation into chromoplasts
Up-regulated by high glucose concentration in beta-cells (at protein level)
Induced under microoxic conditions
Expression is positively regulated by the dothistromin-specific transcription factors aflR and aflJ (PubMed:23207690, PubMed:25986547). Dothistromin biosynthetic proteins are co-regulated, showing a high level of expression at ealy exponential phase with a subsequent decline in older cultures (PubMed:17683963)
Expression is negatively regulated by Ca(2+)
By interferon-alpha and interferon-beta
Repressed upon infection with the P.syringae avirulent DC3000 strains containing avrRpm1 or avrRpt2 (at protein level)
Preferentially expressed in yeast cells, the host parasitic phase
Up-regulated by moderate light in correlation with the redox state of the photosynthetic electron transport
By coronalon, jasmonic acid and wounding, but not by salicylic acid, cimene and limonene. Also induced in response to the caterpillar P.xylostella or P.rapae feeding
By salt-stress
Up-regulated in cells progressing through G2/M phase
Induced by gravity stimulation
By cAMP-dependent DNA-binding protein Vfr that directly activates exsA transcription from a promoter located immediately upstream of exsA
A shift from 22 degrees Celsius to 30 degrees Celsius leads to a modified spatial repartition in flowers
Expression requires SigE (PubMed:11489128, PubMed:25899163). Induced by carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP) (PubMed:25899163). Induced in response to thioridazine (THZ) (PubMed:20386700)
By high-salt stress, but not by abscisic acid
Induced by biotic elicitors (e.g. fungal chitin oligosaccharide) (PubMed:23462973). Accumulates in response to M.oryzae (PubMed:21726398)
Only at higher temperatures, and no basal expression
Presence of Phe represses the TYR1 gene expression
Up-regulated by kainate treatment in neuronal cell layers of the hippocampus
Induced by IFNG (PubMed:16809771, PubMed:26479788). Induced by IFNB1 (PubMed:26479788)
Most abundant protein released by H.capsulatum. Its production continues as the yeast multiplies inside host cells
Transcription occurs independently of the rapE promoter and is controlled by the Spo0A-AbrB pair of transcriptional regulators
Strong increase at the onset of the dark period followed by a progressive decrease. Transient increase at midday
Expression is induced during cell wall stress (PubMed:27473315). Also induced during asexual development (PubMed:32005734)
Expression is induced in epidermis during the 4th ecdysis, pupal ecdysis, pupal stage and eclosion (PubMed:15898116). Induced by 20-hydroxyecdysone in the cultured wing imaginal disks, but not in fat bodies, of day 5 fifth larval instar (PubMed:28943345)
Induced during magnesium-deficient conditions
Subject to nitrogen catabolite repression. Expression is low in the presence of the preferred nitrogen sources, and up-regulated by GABA
Up-regulated in response to viral infection. Induced by the E1A adenoviral protein
Represses its own expression. DhaL and DhaK act antagonistically as coactivator and corepressor of the transcription activator by mutually exclusive binding to the sensing domain of DhaR. In the presence of dihydroxyacetone, DhaK that binds dihydroxyacetone has less affinity for DhaR and is displaced by DhaL-ADP, which stimulates DhaR activity. In the absence of dihydroxyacetone, DhaL-ADP is converted by the PTS to DhaL-ATP, which does not bind to DhaR
Expressed in the presence of D-xylose under conditions of alkaline ambient pH, probably under the regulation of the pacC transcription factor. Repressed in presence of glucose through the action of the creA transcription repressor
Up-regulated by interferon gamma (at protein level). Up-regulated by IRF1. Up-regulated by heat shock treatment. Down-regulated by EGR1 in neuronal cells
By stress conditions such as salt stress, water deficit, or treatment with abscisic acid
Induced upon entry into stationary phase and by cyclic AMP (cAMP). Repressed by glucose (catabolite repression) and by CsrA
Slightly induced in roots during phosphate starvation
Not up-regulated following myocardial infarction (MI) (at protein level) (PubMed:26611206)
Induction mediated by wounding and methyl JA (MeJA) needs COI1. Also induced by BR (24-epibrassinolide), UV LIGHT, wind, touch, and the detergent Sapogenat T-110. Seems to not be influenced by salicylic acid, cold and heat treatments (PubMed:11094980, Ref.4). Induced by infection with the fungal pathogens Botritys cinerea and Alternaria brassicicola, insect feeding with Spodoptera littoralis, and wounding (PubMed:29291349)
Transient accumulation in response to a brief exposures to cold. Induced by glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) and azelaic acid (AA) during systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and Pseudomonas fluorescens GM30 strain during induced systemic resistance (ISR)
Only expressed in stationary phase. Expression is increased in the absence of adenylyl cyclase and in biofilms
Strongly down-regulated in response to 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E). Up-regulated in response to juvenile hormone analog
Strongly induced by gibberellic acid (GA(3)) leading to an increased artemisinin yield
Up-regulated in fat of obese subjects
Autoregulated. Induced by low concentrations of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). In strain BCG / Pasteur, induced during growth in macrophages
Possible cell-cycle regulation with highest expression during the S-phase (at protein level). Probably rapidly degraded by the proteasome
Expressed in a circadian manner in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the brain with peak levels between CT16 and CT20
Induced during preadipocyte differentiation into adipocytes
Expression is regulated by the VEL1 (PubMed:20572938)
Up-regulated by LPS and IFNG (at protein level) (PubMed:7561525, PubMed:11457893, PubMed:14576437, PubMed:15294976, PubMed:17911638). Up-regulated upon infection by various pathogens including T.cruzi, T.gondii, L.monocytogenes, M.tuberculosis and murine cytomegalovirus (PubMed:14707092, PubMed:16339555)
Associated with stimuli that promote myeloid differentiation
By the alkylating agent methyl methanesulfonate (MMS)
Induced by low temperature
Expressed at the same levels in light and dark (at protein level)
Induced by high temperature (PubMed:27611567). Induced by the antifungal agent caspofungin (PubMed:31266771)
By LPS in spleen and blood
Induced by low iron levels, and down-regulated by elevated iron levels
By lithium Li(+) in hippocamp
In vitro, up-regulated in peritoneal macrophages by GPI-mucins, bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and poly(I:C). Small induction, if any, by IFNG alone. Induction is maximal 12 and 18 hours following LPS stimulation (at protein level). Also induced in T-helper cells activated by phytohemagglutinin. In vivo, up-regulated by infection with protozoan parasites, including Plasmodium chabaudi and Trypanosoma cruzi. This induction is dependent upon IFNG, MYD88 and TICAM1
By Pi deficiency in roots and shoots. Induced by sucrose, auxin and cytokinin. Down-regulated by abscisic acid (ABA)
Protein levels increase during the S phase of the cell cycle, are highest during G2 and mitosis, and decrease to low levels at G1. Levels are lowest at the transition from G1 to S phase
Cytokine and cellular adhesion trigger induction. Down-regulated in a majority of lung carcinoma samples
During humoral immune response (PubMed:9738891). By lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (PubMed:15115439). Induced by A.niger alpha-1,3-glucan (PubMed:34443685)
Induced following Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection (PubMed:8383238)
By high levels of DNA-damaging agents
Induced by infestation with spider mites
Regulated by ATX1 and ATX2 by epigenetic histone H3 methylation
Expressed only during limited or partially limited nitrogen conditions. Can be induced to high levels in the presence of purines or intermediates of the purine catabolic pathway. Expression seems indirectly controlled by TnrA and GlnR
Strongly up-regulated in bronchioles with recurrent airway obstruction (RAO)
By light. Down-regulated by sucrose in the dark
Induced 1.5-fold by hydroxyurea
Oscillates diurnally, rhythmic expression in the early night is critical for clock function (at protein level). In SCN, exhibits circadian rhythm expression with highest levels during the light phase at CT10. No detectable expression after 8 hours in the dark. Circadian oscillations also observed in liver, skeletal muscle and cerebellum, but not in testis
By stress; by heat shock and also at the onset of solventogenesis
Repressed by osmotic stress (300 mM mannitol)
Transcriptionally induced or derepressed before the onset of solventogenesis
Members of the velvet complex, VEL1, VEL2, and LAE1, negatively affect GPY2 gene expression and gibepyrone A product formation, whereas SGE1 represents a positive regulator of gibepyrone biosynthesis
By bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in Hep-G2 cells
In dendritic cells, the expression is up-regulated by LPS and anti-Fc-gamma receptor
Expressed during growth on DBT or DMSO as sole sulfur source (at protein level) (PubMed:8932295). Part of the probable dszA-dszB-dszC operon (Probable). Desulfurization is repressed by sulfate, cysteine and methionine (PubMed:7574582, PubMed:8932295)
Up-regulated by mucosal injury from active Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis. Up-regulated in colorectal tumors. Up-regulated in epithelial cells at regenerating margins of peptic ulcers in the stomach and duodenum
Repressed by oxygen
Down-regulated by androgen in prostate cancer cells
Not induced by interferons
Induced in isoniazid (INH)-resistant, KatG-deficient strains as well as in INH-sensitive strains when challenged with the drug. Increased expression in these strains probably compensates for loss of katG activity in detoxification of organic peroxides. A possible member of the dormancy regulon. Induced in response to reduced oxygen tension (hypoxia). It is hoped that this regulon will give insight into the latent, or dormant phase of infection
Carboxysome size and components vary with growth conditions. When grown in ambient air at medium light (50 uE meter(-2) second(-1)) there are 719 units (both forms are included in this measure) of this protein per carboxysome, the numbers decrease under low light and high CO(2), and increase under high light (at protein level)
Part of an operon that includes stf3 and cyp128, which are required for the production of SMK
Strongly induced by auxin
In response to low temperature (PubMed:8552679). Induced by cold shock (42 to 15 degrees Celsius) (at protein level) (PubMed:8898389)
Up-regulated by OLIG1
By lack of a primary nitrogen source
Induced during the earliest stages of adipogenesis
By glucocorticoids. Vitamin D and the Wnt signaling pathway inhibit its expression and activity
By constitutively activated RET proteins. By p53/TP53
By androgens in kidney and lung
Expression is high at the spore resting stage and further increases about 1.5-fold during spore swelling, up to 90 min after induction of germination, followed by a 6.5-fold decrease before and during polar growth
By heat shock and acidic conditions
Expression is increased in clinical azole-resistant isolates, displaying amounts of transcript increasing from 3.3- to 44.3-fold (PubMed:15673750, PubMed:18312269, PubMed:29464833). Expression is controlled by the pleiotropic drug resistance transcription factor PDR1 (PubMed:18312269, PubMed:29464833). Expression is increased during biofilm growth (PubMed:24645630). The expression levels are significantly down-regulated after exposure to the combination of fluconazole and tacrolimus (FK506) (PubMed:25355935)
By a variety of stressful conditions including bacterial infection and heat shock
Strongly induced by singlet oxygen generated from photooxidative stressors (by high light, rose bengal, neutral red, methylene blue, dinoterb, nitrofen, the antioxidant biosynthesis inhibitors norflurazon and isoxaflutole, or a switch of dark-adapted cultures to light) (Ref.1, PubMed:11485197, PubMed:15597886, Ref.5, PubMed:16160847, PubMed:17997989, PubMed:19690965, PubMed:32344528). Mildly to moderately induced by oxidative stress (by hydrogen peroxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, and paraquat) (Ref.1, PubMed:11485197, Ref.5, PubMed:19690965). Not induced by salt stress (by sodium chloride) (Ref.1)
By abscisic acid (ABA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), drought, cold, salt and wounding
By sodium depletion and angiotensin II in adrenal zona glomerusa (at protein level)
Up-regulated by cytokines but followed by a rapid decline in B lymphocytes
Decreased expression in high concentrations of phosphate and iron. Transcriptionally regulated by PhoB
Induced by ornithine; putrescine does not trigger ribosome stalling and so appears to repress expression. Part of the speFL-speF-potE operon
Induced in absence of copper and oxygen. Regulated by CRR1 protein, which activates its transcription in absence of copper
Up-regulated locally and systematically during systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and locally by salicylic acid. The local induction is independent of EDS1 while the systemic induction is EDS1-dependent
By high-cholesterol diet
By sucrose and nitrogen starvation and during senescence. By methyl viologen. By salt and osmotic stress. By necrotrophic fungal pathogen B.cinerea. Up-regulated in response to both water stress and hydrotropic stimulation
By the zinc-responsive transcription factor ZAP1
Repressed by RipA
Expression is also under the control of the gipA transcription factor (PubMed:24784729)
By FGF-signaling. Inhibited by bmp-signaling
Induced about 2-fold at 18 degrees Celsius (at protein level) (Ref.12). Basally expressed at 37 degrees Celsius, 3.5-fold induced after shift to 20 degrees Celsius, maximal expression is seen at 2 hours (at protein level). No increase in expression when cells are grown at 43 degrees Celsius or when engineered to produce increased levels of the stress second messenger ppGpp. Expression at low temperatures is activated by CRP (PubMed:30305394)
Induced during incompatible interaction with the fungal pathogen Puccinia striiformis (Ref.2). Induced by abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene, cold stress, salt stress and wounding (Ref.2)
Down-regulated in HCT 116 colorectal cancer cells, leading to aberrant centrioles composed of disorganized cylindrical microtubules and displaced appendages. Down-regulated by p53/TP53
By interferon (IFN), virus infection, or intracellular dsRNA
Induced by drought and salt stresses
Repressed by Rip1, highly induced by metal chelator phenanthroline in the absence of Rip1
Down-regulated in the absence of cap
By aluminum
By iron limitation and to a smaller extent by manganese limitation
Expression is regulated by the zinc metabolism transcription factor ZAP1 via its promoter ZRE element (zinc-responsive element)
Markedly in glioma cell lines and prostate cancer cell lines
Expressed on galactose and galactosecontaining oligosaccharides (lactose, melibiose, raffinose, and stachyose) and polysaccharides (pectin, xylan, gum arabic, gum karaya, and locust bean gum)
By boron excess (B)
Induced by stress-inducing agents such as H(2)O(2), sodium nitroprusside and cadmium chloride
Constitutively expressed during growth in culture (PubMed:10974545). Induced during growth in macrophages (PubMed:12366866)
By a wide variety of microbial and tissue components such as bacterial flagellin and lipopolysaccharides (LPS), dsRNA (reflecting an antiviral response), cell death signals, monosodium urate (MSU) (the end product of the urine catabolism, which is one of the principal endogenous immunological 'danger signal' in vertebrates)
Transcribed in nitrate-grown cells, but not in cells grown on urea or ammonia. Transcription is probably controlled by the global nitrogen regulator NtcA
Expressed during exponential phase in static growth conditions in the presence and absence of the mamK gene (PubMed:20161777). Expressed during late exponential phase in the presence and absence of the mamK gene (PubMed:24957623)
Expression is repressed by HAP43
Full induction attained in the presence of nitrite. Subject to glucose and nitrate repression
By growth arrest in general, by carbon, phosphate, and nitrogen starvation as well as osmotic shock and oxidative stress
Down-regulated by salicylic acid (SA), ethylene, hydrogen peroxide and cold. Up-regulated by NaCl
Last member of the probable 18 gene mamAB operon
Synthesized by the aleurone cells stimulated by gibberellic acid (GA) (PubMed:2152126, PubMed:8756590). Repressed by abscisic acid (ABA) (PubMed:8756590)
Increases during ripening
Expression remains constant during conidiation (PubMed:28447400). Expression is positively regulated by BrlA and AbaA (PubMed:28447400)
Down-regulated by microRNA mir-1 (PubMed:18510933). Up-regulated in many head neurons during prolonged starvation (PubMed:27487365)
Up-regulated by interleukin IL6 together with soluble interleukin receptor IL6R in astrocytes (PubMed:25903009). Up-regulated by interleukins such as IL1B or tumor necrosis factor TNF in astrocytes (at protein level) (PubMed:25903009). Up-regulated by interleukin IL6 together with soluble interleukin receptor IL6R in astrocytes (PubMed:25903009). Up-regulated also by other cytokines such as interleukin IL11, oncostatin M (OSM) and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) (PubMed:25903009). Up-regulated by interleukin such as IL1B or tumor necrosis factor TNF in astrocytes (PubMed:25903009). Up-regulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (PubMed:25903009, PubMed:23980096). Up-regulated by interleukin IL10 in a STAT3-dependent manner in bone marrow derived macrophages (PubMed:18025162). Up-regulated by TNFSF11//RANKL in a c-Fos/FOS-dependent manner (PubMed:23980096)
By interferon (IFN) and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C)
Up-regulated upon cell contact (at protein level). Down-regulated by phorbol ester (at protein level) and calcium ionophore but up-regulated by phorbol ester in megakaryocytic cells (PubMed:10397721)
By polycyclic hydrocarbons (Governed by the aromatic hydrocarbon-responsive (AH) locus)
Induced in germline stem cells by retinoic acid
Down-regulated by ethylene
Up-regulated in CD8-positive T cells by IL4/interleukin-4
Up-regulated on galacturonic acid
During squamous metaplasia induced by cigarette smoke exposure
Induced by CO(2)
Expression in liver is down-regulated by dietary PUFA
Induced by immunization in mature dendritic cells (DC), in marginal zone (MZ) metallophils, in follicular DC (FDC) and tingible body macrophages of germinal center. Down-regulated by steroid hormones and PRL
During S phase of cell cycle
Expression is induced by copper deprivation, and repressed by copper sufficiency (PubMed:7929270). Expression is regulated by the copper ion-sensing transcription factor MAC1 through the cis-acting copper ion-responsive element 5'-TTTGCTCA-3', termed CuRE, present in its promoter (PubMed:9188496, PubMed:9211922, PubMed:9726991, PubMed:9599102, PubMed:9867833, PubMed:10480908, PubMed:10922376, PubMed:12011036)
Down-regulated by muramyl-dipeptide and lipopolysaccharide
By salicylate (at protein level)
(Microbial infection) Expression increases when incubated with M.tuberculosis or its lipoprotein LpqH; induction is TLR2-dependent (at protein level)
Activated by activin, basic fibroblast growth factor (BFGF) and fork head
At low level by auxin. Induced by wounding (PubMed:21619871)
Atxn1 protein levels are directly regulated by Pum1 protein: Pum1 acts by binding to the 3'-UTR of Atxn1 mRNA, affecting Atxn1 mRNA stability and leading to reduced Atxn1 protein levels
Accumulates in response to tunicamycin (Tm, inhibitor of proteins N-glycosylation in endoplasmic reticulum) and dithiothreitol (DTT, reducing agent that blocks disulfide-bond formation of cytosolic and ER proteins)
Strongly induced by phosphate limitation (150-fold for MDR25 smooth colonies, 1400-fold for MDR25 rough colonies and 5000-fold for MDR1) (PubMed:18282104). Highly expressed compared to the same gene in PA14, suppressed by inorganic phosphate, but less sensitive to phosphate than strain PA14
By septic injury caused by dorsolateral puncturing with a needle contaminated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) solution
Expression is strongly induced by spermine, but not by agmatine, putrescine or spermidine
By mitogens such as TPA in 373 cells and by nerve growth factor in PC12 pheochromocytoma cells
In chronic pancreatitis tissue, expression is suppressed by camostat mesilate, a serine protease inhibitor, and by Saiko-keishi-to, a herbal medicine
Repressed after alkaline pH stress
Rapid and transient reduction of expression in response to brief cold treatment. After recovery, the level is maintained until 2 days after cold treatment, before declining again
Induced in 3-methylcholanthrene-treated rats
By forskolin and N6,O2'dibutyryl adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate, but not by 1,9 dideoxyforskolin
Up-regulated in jejunum by a diet with a high fructose content (at protein level) (PubMed:8404647, PubMed:9820812). Up-regulated in kidney by a diet with a high fructose content (at protein level) (PubMed:9820812). Up-regulated in jejunum by a diet with a high fructose content (PubMed:8404647)
By polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), beta-naphthoflavone and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Up-regulated by diesel exhaust particles (DEP). Decreased by estradiol (at protein level)
Induced within cerebellar granule cells by exposure to N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)
5- to 10-fold by 100 uM cadmium
Induced by STATa
Down-regulated by IL-10 in a malignant cell line derived from a murine model for chronic lymphocytic leukemia
During S phase of the cell cycle
Up-regulated in differentiating myoblasts and upon muscle regeneration (at protein level)
Repressed by MngR. Induced by mannosyl-D-glycerate
Expression is up-regulated in acidic, nutritive and iron stress in M.tuberculosis H37Ra
by LPS
Up-regulated by mannose. Is under the control of ManR. Is subject to carbon catabolite repression (CCR) by glucose. Forms part of an operon with manP and manA
Down-regulated in dmtA-null cells
By Spo0A during nutrient starvation, through its direct negative control of AbrB, repressed by AbrB during regular growth when nutrients are plentiful, and also by SdpR (PubMed:16469701). Induced by expression of SDP (active peptide of sdpC) (PubMed:16469701, PubMed:23687264)
By drought and salt stresses
Down-regulated in response to iron deprivation
Repressed by brassinolide (BL) treatment (PubMed:12427998). Induced rapidly and transiently in seedlings hooks but fades out of hypocotyls after exposure to light (PubMed:32333772)
Accumulates in roots upon auxin deprivation (PubMed:17174363). Induced by jasmonic acid (MeJA) (PubMed:17174363, PubMed:17283012, PubMed:24287136)
Up-regulated in breast cancer
Up-regulated during nodulation, but not by Nod factors or pathogen infection
Up-regulated by oxidative stress and by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in dopaminergic neurons
By shock H(+) and Al(3+) treatments
Expression is induced in vitro in the presence of phosphatidylcholine. Also induced upon infection of THP-1 macrophages
90-fold induction by sucrose after 24 hours and by heat stress
By AlpA (PubMed:7511582)
Induced by formaldehyde. Negatively autoregulated
The phoP/phoQ operon is positively autoregulated by both PhoP and PhoQ in a Mg(2+)-dependent manner. Repressed by RcsB via sigma factor RpoS. Induced by antimicrobial peptides (similar to those in macrophages) and low Mg(2+) concentrations
Up-regulated by anoxia but not affected by hypoxia
Up-regulated by endocannabinoid anandamide
Up-regulated at the transcriptional level when sulfate, cysteine, cystathionine or homocysteine are the sulfur sources. Repressed by methionine
Up-regulated upon induction of early leaf senescence
Transcribed during late G1 and S-phase, repressed in G2
Up-regulated by osmotic stress and chilling
In pancreatic islets, secretion is stimulated by IL1B. In islets from Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats, but not lean animals, secretion is also increased by endocannabinoid anandamide/AEA
Part of the pchDCBA operon. Is probably positively controlled by PchR. Repressed by iron
Up-regulated in response to mild as well as prolonged energy depletion (PubMed:26442059). Induced by NaCl (PubMed:26442059)
By all-trans-, 9-cis- and 13-cis-retinoic acid and by serum treatment, following starvation, in the retinoblastoma cell line Y79
By neuronal stimulation with serotonin (at protein level) (PubMed:14697206). MicroRNA-22 (miR-22) binds to the 3'-UTR of CPEB mRNA and inhibits its translation while serotonin triggers down-regulation of miR22, thereby up-regulating CPEB expression (PubMed:26095361)
Expression is induced during iron starvation (PubMed:17845073)
Expressed at low levels (at protein level). Probably part of a cas1-cas2-ago operon
Expression is controlled by homeobox transcription factors. At larval stages, induced by starvation, and by hypoxia in midgut and fat body
By wounding; up to 7-fold increase
Transcriptionally regulated by Fnr and by the TtrR/TtrS two-component regulatory system
Induced by abscisic acid (ABA) and drought stress (PubMed:19161942). Induced by salt stress (PubMed:19161942)
By senescence, wounding, ethylene and salicylic acid (SA)
Down-regulated following a high-cholesterol diet
By polycyclic hydrocarbons such as dioxin (Governed by the aromatic hydrocarbon-responsive (AH) locus)
Up-regulated in vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in response to VEGF signaling
Repressed in adult muscle, and stimulated in adult spleen, when fish are grown in overcrowded conditions
Negatively regulated by H-NS. Positively regulated by IHF and EcpR (By similarity). Induced by low temperature
Down-regulated by cadmium (PubMed:16797112). Induced by sucrose (PubMed:22561114). Induced by abiotic stresses (PubMed:22561114)
Induced upon exposure to the volatile odorant diacetyl
May be repressed by MqsA
Expression is strongly induced during the response to alpha-factor
Part of the cydDC operon, which is highly expressed under aerobic growth conditions and during anaerobic growth with alternative electron acceptors such as nitrite or nitrate (PubMed:9335308). Induction by nitrate and nitrite is dependent on NarL and Fnr (PubMed:9335308)
During early embryonic cardiogenesis
By autotrophic growth conditions
By ponisterone A in erythroleukemia cells
Exhibits enhanced expression in matured epithelial layers (PubMed:23608536). Apical leptin, Staphylococcus aureus alpha-toxin and Pseudomonas aeruginosa acyl-homoserine lactone 3O-C12-HSl lower expression levels, altering junctional integrity in intestinal cells (PubMed:20434232, PubMed:22354024, PubMed:24314862)
Up-regulated by both hyper- and hypo-osmotic shocks
Up-regulated by abscisic acid (PubMed:11402199, PubMed:15159630). Down-regulated by the transcription factor ERF114 (PubMed:23616605). Down-regulated by glucose, sucrose and mannose (PubMed:26442059). Induced by abscissic acid (ABA) (PubMed:26442059)
Repressed by MYB44 and ERF4. Induced by salt stress and ABA
Post-transcriptionally repressed by let-7 microRNAs
Dramatically induced during adipocyte differentiation
Induced in response to zinc deficiency
Expression is regulated by the KAR4 transcription factor and reduced after pheromone induction
Down-regulated by ABA in roots
Up-regulated in response to activation in primary T helper cells
Induced by treatment with brefeldin A
Accumulates in roots upon aluminium (Al) exposure in an STAR3/ART1-dependent manner (at protein level) (PubMed:23888867). Up-regulated in shoot tissues in response to cadmium (CdCl(2)) (PubMed:19017626)
Activity is enhanced by nerve growth factor (in superior cervical ganglia and adrenal medulla). Trans-synaptic stimulation with reserpine, acetylcholine and glucocorticoids
Induced by TP53/tumor suppressor p53 and gamma-irradiation
Active throughout the cell cycle (PubMed:11807065). Expressed during exponential and stationary phases; more protein expressed in stationary phase (at protein level) (PubMed:15601712). Under partial control of the GacA/GacS two-component regulatory system (PubMed:15601712)
Up-regulated during adipocyte differentiation (at protein level) (PubMed:23300339)
The onset of expression occurs at 48 h old stationary cultures and the steady-state levels correlates with the onset of aflatrem biosynthesis at 108 h (PubMed:19801473)
Highly expressed in 24 hour cultures while still submerged, during aerial hyphae formation on minimal medium, decreases once aerial growth ceases (PubMed:12832396). Strongly induced during aerial hyphae formation and sporulation on rich medium, under control of ECF sigma factor BldN; more strongly expressed when sporulation is blocked by deletion of whiB, whiD or whiH (PubMed:12832397). Expression depends on bldB but not bldA, bldD or bldH (at protein level) (PubMed:17462011)
By phenobarbital in susceptible strains (3-fold in CS), but not in the LPR strain
By TGF-beta (PubMed:1388724, PubMed:8024701)
Expressed in stationary phase. Part of the cydB-cydX operon
Induced by ethanol and the protonophore carbonylcyanide p-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) and, more modestly, by sodium and potassium. Positively regulated by the two-component regulatory system NatK/NatR
Up-regulated in response to mild as well as prolonged energy depletion (PubMed:26442059, PubMed:29406622). Up-regulated by the glycolysis inhibitor 2DG (PubMed:29406622). Induced by NaCl (PubMed:26442059). Induced by abscissic acid (ABA) (PubMed:29406622)
Transcription is highly induced in abscesses. Up-regulated by MgrA. Down-regulated during stationary-phase
By different stresses, such as ethanol, salt, and phosphate starvation, in a partially sigma-B dependent manner. Transcribed under partial control of SigM ECF sigma factor (PubMed:17434969)
Down-regulated during early differentiation of normal hematopoietic cells. Up-regulated in leukemic cells at all stages of differentiation from patients with chronic myeloid leukemia
Up-regulated during osteoclast and foreign body giant cells (FBGCs) differentiation by TNFSF11 and cytokines. Down-regulated by estrogen
Transcriptionally regulated by the forespore-specific sigma factor, SigG, and the general stress response regulator, SigB
Upon exposure to antituberculous drugs such as isoniazid, ethionamide or PA-824, Rv2525c expression is significantly up-regulated together with those of other genes involved in cell wall processes
Expression is under the control of the RFX1 transcription factor
Slightly induced by auxin (IAA) and jasmonic acid (JA). Accumulates upon mechanical stimuli (e.g. wounding) in inflorescence. Down-regulated by sulfur-deficient stress
By infection with rice blast fungus (M.grisea)
Not induced by mitomycin C, so not part of the SOS regulon; it is encoded in an operon with at least nudB and yebC but also has its own promoter
Repressed by elevated hydrostatic pressure
Up-regulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation in microglia (PubMed:22102906). Increased expression in activated microglia and in the demyelinating lesions of adult brain (PubMed:22102906)
By hemolysin B cytoplasmic protein
By ionising radiation (IR)-induced DNA damage, by dehydration and after cadmium exposure
Induced by glucose when readily available sources of nitrogen, such as ammonia or glutamine, are scarce. Transcriptionally activated by TnrA and repressed by KipR
Induced by PPARA ligands clofibrate and Wy14,643
Accumulates in roots during colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (e.g. Rhizophagus irregularis)
By cytokinins (BA and zeatin) and nitrate
Expression is induced by lovastatin and fluconazole and is repressed by amphotericin B and caspofungin (PubMed:14653518). Expression is repressed during spider biofilm formation (PubMed:22265407)
Highly expressed in 24 hour cultures while still submerged, during aerial hyphae formation on minimal medium, decreases once aerial growth ceases. Strongly expressed in aerial hyphae (at protein level) (PubMed:12832396). During aerial hyphae formation and sporulation on rich medium, under control of ECF sigma factor BldN; more strongly expressed when sporulation is blocked by deletion of whiB, whiD or whiH (PubMed:12832397). Expression depends on bldB but not bldA, bldD or bldH (at protein level) (PubMed:17462011)
Induced by wounding in the epidermal layer of mature stem internodes
Repressed by abscisic acid (ABA) and ABAP1. Degraded by the proteasome
Expression is negatively regulated by the transcriptional regulator GerE
Induced by cholesterol and repressed by KstR
By abscisic acid treatment, salt or osmotic stresses, and by dehydration and rehydration. Expression regulated by phytochrome B
Accumulates rapidly in leaves upon heat shock treatment and during infection by a pathogen
Up-regulated in K562 and HEL cells undergoing megakaryocyte differentiation induced by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)
By beta-adrenergic stimulation (at protein level)
Preferentially expressed in biotrophic invasive hyphae at the post-invasive stage
Up-regulated by testosterone
Expression is induced during iron starvation
Not expressed under 22 tested conditions
Present at a constant level throughout the cell cycle
Up-regulated in lesional keratinocytes of patients with atopic dermatitis (PubMed:16461143). Up-regulated by IFNG/IFN-gamma (PubMed:11877449, PubMed:14504285, PubMed:15184896, PubMed:21261663, PubMed:18439099). Up-regulated by bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) (PubMed:11877449, PubMed:15184896, PubMed:14504285). Up-regulated by triacylated lipoprotein (Pam3Cys) (PubMed:21261663). Up-regulated by TGFB1/TGF-beta (PubMed:18439099)
Transiently induced by cold shock in a PNPase-dependent fashion. Upon stress induction (OMPs or heat shock) decreases in under 3 minutes (at protein level). Part of the rseD-rpoE-rseA-rseB-rseC operon (PubMed:9159522, PubMed:9159523, PubMed:28924029)
Up-regulated by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)
Up-regulated in subcutaneous adipose tissue during obesity and diabetes
Up-regulated by bacterial peptidoglycans stimulation, such as muramyl dipeptide and in biopsies from inflamed mucosal areas of Crohn's disease patients
Down-regulated in patients suffering of passive Heymann nephritis (at protein level)
Repressed transiently after shoot apical meristem (SAM) decapitation (release from apical dominance)
Constitutively expressed, levels are high for 24 hours after innoculation then decrease in stationary phase (up to 144 hours) (at protein level) (PubMed:25048532). Part of the probable 18 gene mamAB operon (Probable)
By alpha interferons. Decreased levels in THP-1 cells after treatment with recombinant interferon-lambda
By IL6. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and lipopolysaccharide activate the UPR and induce cleavage of CREBH in the liver (PubMed:16469704). Down-regulated in the liver during fasting-refeeding. This down-regulation may occur at the postranscriptional level and may be mediated by SYNV1/HRD1, which induces CREB3L3 ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation (PubMed:30389664)
Is constitutively expressed in the different growth phases. Its transcription is not subject to carbon catabolite repression (CCR), and is not affected by arginine or low pH. Is cotranscribed with arcR
Up-regulated during 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-acetate (TPA)-induced megakaryocytic differentiation of K562 cells
By salicylic acid (SA) and infection by H.parasitica
Constitutively expressed. Inducible by oxidative stress in the exponential phase of bacterial growth
Induced by deoxyadenosine and thymidine. Repressed by DeoR and glucose
Expressed in leaves after powdery mildew infection (e.g. Erysiphe cichoracearum UCSC1) (PubMed:15155802). Induced in seedlings by the beneficial symbiotic fungus Trichoderma atroviride (PubMed:22942755)
By abscisic acid (ABA) and by salt stress
Expression is under control of the CSY1 amino-acid sensor (PubMed:28028545)
By DNA damage, glucocorticoid treatment, growth factor deprivation and p53 (By similarity). By ER stress in a DDIT3/CHOP-dependent manner
By steroids. Derepression of gene transcription occurs by binding of the steroid inducer molecule to a repressor protein
Expressed at intermediate levels
Up-regulated during adipocyte differentiation. Up-regulated by starved state in white (WAT) and brown (BAT) adipose tissues. Down-regulated during fasting in WAT and BAT. Up-regulated during cold exposure in BAT
Up-regulated in brain from MPTP-intoxicated mice, a model for Parkinson disease
Down-regulated by glucose or fructose treatment in leaves and immature seeds
Up-regulated during mitosis
Up-regulated by light, cycloheximide, phosphate starvation, carbon availability and high pH. Down-regulated by phosphate and phosphite. Very high sensitivity to phosphate at low pH. Not under circadian control and not affected by nitrogen supply
Expressed at the highest levels in fructose media (PubMed:33476373, PubMed:33649152). Expression can be modulated by CRP in the presence of fructose and glucose (PubMed:33649152)
By wounding and water stress; in response to plant hormones 2,4-D, BAP treatment; in response to L-Pro treatment. Repressed by salt stress
Regulated at the translational level in response to various stress such as endoplasmic reticulum stress, amino acid starvation or oxidative stress (PubMed:27629041, PubMed:33384352). In the absence of stress, ribosomes re-initiate translation at an inhibitory open reading frame (uORF) upstream of the ATF4 transcript, which precludes AFT4 translation. In response to stress and subsequent EIF2S1/eIF-2-alpha phosphorylation, ribosomes bypass the inhibitory uORF and re-initiate translation at the AFT4 coding sequence (PubMed:27629041)
By abscisic acid and salt and dehydration treatments. Down-regulated by hypoxia
Induced by wounding and methyl jasmonate in leaves
Down-regulated upon infection with rat cytomegalovirus
Induced by Diabrotica virgifera damage in roots and Spodoptera littoralis damage in leaves (PubMed:18296628, PubMed:29151152). Accumulates upon stemborer Chilo partellus eggs deposition in some cultivars (e.g. cv. Braz1006) but less in others (e.g. cv. Delprim and cv. B73) (PubMed:28428873)
By p-hydroxybenzoate
Expression is repressed by iron starvation and up-regulated in the absence of the sidN siderophore synthetase (PubMed:23658520)
By type I interferon, predominantly IFN-beta
Induced by TGF-beta
In stationary-phase. Induced by hydrogen peroxide
Expression is activated by RUNX3. Repressed by the oncoprotein BCR-ABL; BCR-ABL misregulates expression by inducing a switch in binding from RUNX3 to RUNX1, a repressor of 24p3R expression, through a Ras signaling pathway
Induced by RH-5992, which is an ecdysone agonist used as insecticide
By light and sucrose. Down-regulated by treatment with amino acids
Part of the yceD-rpmF operon
Transiently increased in rapidly dividing Schwann cells in response to sciatic nerve transection 2 days post-injury
Following crush injury to sciatic nerves
Up-regulated by zinc (at protein level) (PubMed:31471319). Up-regulated in macrophages by LPS (at protein level) (PubMed:32441444)
Up-regulated in intestinal epithelial cells in response to pro-inflammatory stimuli including TNF and bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS)
Down-regulated in a number of cancers, such as pancreatic cancer or colon carcinomas (PubMed:23217706). Post-transcriptionally regulated by miR-766 (PubMed:23653361). Expression is post-transcriptionally repressed by miR-122 (PubMed:26748705)
Up-regulated in response to the activation of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors at synapses (PubMed:9144248). Rapidly and transiently up-regulated in response to light exposure in the cell bodies and dendrites of visual cortical neurons (at protein level) (PubMed:15564573)
By tunicamycin and a calcium ionophore, A23187
Up-regulated by TP53 (PubMed:11463392, PubMed:11572983). Up-regulated by DNA damage, glucocorticoid treatment and growth factor deprivation (PubMed:11572983). Up-regulated by ER stress in a DDIT3/CHOP-dependent manner (PubMed:22761832)
2-3 fold induced by UV light
Expressed with a circadian rhythm showing a peak during the end of the day (under long day conditions). Repressed during senescence and upon water stress. Accumulates at wounding sites. Altered expression of both oscillator and output genes
Induced in stationary phase and under conditions of stress and starvation (at protein level)
Activated in response to stress, such as the addition of ethanol to the culture medium or UV irradiation of cells. Inhibited rather than stimulated, by Magnesium
By DNA-damaging treatments such as high intensity light, UV-C and gamma-radiation
In vegetative tissues, expression is repressed by MET1. In the endosperm, the maternal MPC allele is activated by DME and the paternal MPC allele is repressed by MET1
By cytokinin treatment
By light (PubMed:9620274). Induced by hypoosmolarity (PubMed:15047879). Repressed by sucrose (at protein level) (PubMed:9721683, PubMed:15208401)
Induced by sulfite
Up-regulated in response to Gram-negative bacterial infections
Part of the tapA-sipW-tasA operon (PubMed:10464223). Expression is directly repressed by the DNA-binding protein master regulator of biofilm formation SinR and activated by the extracellular matrix regulatory protein RemA (PubMed:16430695, PubMed:23646920). Also positively regulated by the sporulation transcription factors sigma H and Spo0A and repressed by the transition phase regulatory protein AbrB, probably indirectly (PubMed:10049401, PubMed:10368135, PubMed:10464223)
LIF and OSM activate the type I OSM receptor while only OSM can activate the type II OSM receptor
Induced under high salinity stress and stationary growth phase. Increased ectoine biosynthesis occurs as soon as the cells start to grow in high osmolality medium, but there is no immediate 5-hydroxyectoine production. Appreciable amounts of 5-hydroxyectoine are made only when cell growth slowed and the culture enters in stationary growth phase
Expression is directly activated by NR1H2 and NR1H3. Expression is not dependent of the sterol-response element-binding proteins (SREBPs). Expression is indirectly induced by LDL
By vanillate
By abscisic acid (ABA) and during leaf senescence
Expressed in the stationary growth phase. Regulated by Sae, which is essential for emp transcription. Repressed in the presence of glucose as a result of a pH-mediated decrease in expression of sae. Also under control of both Agr and SarA
Expressed during transition into stationary phase, at both 28 and 37 degrees Celsius. Expression is RpoS dependent
Induced by salt in shoots
Up-regulated by dexamethasone and thapsigargin
By low extracellular levels of Mg(2+), proline and by osmotic shock. The leader of mgtA mRNA functions as a riboswitch, favoring transcription under low Mg(2+). Under limiting proline levels the MgtL peptide encoded within the mgtA leader is unable to be translated, also favoring transcription of full mgtA mRNA. Osmotic shock induction also depends on MgtL translation (Probable)
Induced by NAI1
By Th17/Th1 type cytokines, but not by Th2-type
Up-regulated in a mouse model of heart failure
Expression of the proteinaceous toxin is probably controlled by an antisense sRNA, in this case RdlA. Only a few of these TA systems have been mechanistically characterized; the mechanisms used to control expression of the toxin gene are not necessarily the same (Probable)
Repressed by the androgen dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and the estrogen estradiol (E2) (at protein level)
Maximal induction is dependent upon prolactin and insulin
Up-regulated in asyncronously growing fibroblasts following serum deprivation but not following contact inhibition. Down-regulated during synchronous cell cycle re-entry
By cold and salt stresses (PubMed:10929125). Induced by N-acetylchitooligosaccharide elicitor (PubMed:12956525). Induced by UV-C (PubMed:24035516)
Very poorly expressed in exponential phase; further repressed at room temperature. Up-regulated 10-fold 7 days after infection of human macrophages. Induced by DNA-damaging agents but not by surface stress (detergent)
Down-regulated upon illumination in seedlings germinated in the dark
Induced by zinc. Negatively autoregulated
Up-regulated by phagocytic stimuli and growth on bacteria
Is constitutively expressed at moderate levels
Induced by arabinose. Transcription is dependent on the transcription factor AraC, the cAMP receptor protein (CRP) and cAMP
Up-regulated during sensecence. Down-regulated in seedlings by transition from dark to light
Up-regulated by foxj1 during motile cilia formation
Down-regulated by caloric restriction. Up-regulated by insulin and IGF1
Expressed in log phase cells. Induced by treatment with rifampicin and gentamicin as well as by nitrosative and oxidative stress. Expressed in human macrophages 110 hours after infection. Induced in the lungs of mice infected for 4 weeks. A member of the relJK operon
Promoted by ODO1 (PubMed:26620524). Circadian-regulation with peak levels occurring in the afternoon in flowers (PubMed:26620524)
By ketoconazole. the promoter contains a sterol regulatory element motif, which has been identified as a UPC2-binding site
By mercuric ions. Negatively regulated by MerR
By root flooding (PubMed:24363315). Induced by senescence (PubMed:24659488)
Triggered by HY5 in response to light and UV-B
Constitutively expressed in vitro, suggesting that it could be an essential gene (PubMed:11967065, PubMed:16672626). Expression is regulated by SigA. Down-regulated during stationary phase, under nutrient starvation and oxygen depletion (PubMed:19068228)
Up-regulated by ATMIN, PAK1 and estrogen
By salicylic acid, ethylene, jasmonic acid, pathogens, wounding and strongly during leaf senescence
Up-regulated upon flagellum biogenesis
Regulated in parallel with BSND under furosemide treatment. Decreased to half in the inner medulla under furosemide treatment. In the renal cortex and outer medulla levels were weak and did not change. Regulation with BSND in inner medulla is limited to the thin limb; levels in collecting ducts were not affected by furosemide treatment. During furosemide treatment selective down-regulation with BSND in thin limb plays a role in maintaining salt and water homeostasis
Increases during the initial stages of osteoblast differentiation
By type I interferon
Constitutively expressed in culture (at protein level) (PubMed:27220037)
Component of the signal transduction operon Rv3361c-Rv3365c that is highly up-regulated during M.tuberculosis infection of macrophages
Expression is induced during infection of host grapevine
Ty1-JR2 is a highly expressed element. Induced under amino acid starvation conditions by GCN4
By citrate via CcpC. When citrate is absent, CcpC binds to the sites near the citB promoter and blocks expression. When citrate is present, it causes a change in the interaction of CcpC with its binding sites, resulting in derepression of citB. When citrate is very abundant, CcpC activates citB expression, presumably reflecting a change in the interaction of CcpC with RNA polymerase. Also induced by decoyinine and nutrient depletion
Specifically expressed under low phosphate concentrations (PubMed:30192424). Expression is very low and undetectable under classical growth conditions but long-term exposure to low phosphate triggers its expression (PubMed:30192424). Administration of free phosphate, cardiolipin and phosphatidylinositol to phosphate-starved culture turns off expression of the gene (PubMed:33757409)
Expression in the liver and bone marrow displays diurnal rhythmicity (a circadian rhythm that is synchronized with the day/night cycle)
Up-regulated by high levels of glucose
By abscisic acid (ABA), cold, H(2)O(2), salt, and osmotic stress (at protein level)
Part of the dgoRKADT operon, which encodes proteins for the metabolism of D-galactonate (PubMed:211976, PubMed:30455279). Negatively regulated by DgoR (PubMed:30455279). Expression is induced in the presence of D-galactonate (PubMed:30455279)
Up-regulated in cells mediating rejection of mouse transplant
Up-regulated in peripheral blood lymphocytes stimulated through the T-cell receptor
Expression is positively regulated by the oosporein cluster specific regulator OpS3 that binds the promoter at a 5'-CGGA-3' motif (PubMed:26305932). Expression is negatively regulated by the global transcription factor Msn2 that binds the stress-response element 5'-AGGGG-3' (PubMed:26305932)
Repressed by retinoic acid
By UV-C illumination (PubMed:15053760). Accumulates in response to the mutagens rose Bengal (RB) and methyl methane sulfonate (MMS) (PubMed:15133154)
Expression is repressed by the HTH-type transcriptional regulator NagR
100-fold induced in wild-type C57BL/6 mice 2 weeks after lung infection, RNA levels drop to 30X induced 8 weeks post-infection (PubMed:16923787). Similar but less dramatic induction is seen in immunocompromised mice (PubMed:16923787). Rapidly induced in resting mouse macrophages, remains up-regulated for at least 60 hours, continuing induction is repressed by interferon gamma (PubMed:16923787). Induced by growth at acidic pH (PubMed:26637353)
Up-regulated in Paneth cells by intestinal microbiota (at protein level) (PubMed:16931762). MyD88-mediated signals are essential for its induction in intestinal epithelial cells (PubMed:17635956). Induction in the lung is dependent on IL6ST-induced STAT3 signaling (PubMed:23401489). IL17A and IL33 induces its expression in primary keratinocytes and skin wounds (PubMed:22727489, PubMed:27830702). IL22 induces its expression in lung epithelial cells (PubMed:28811323). Feeding with a fermentable fiber-enriched inulin diet increases expression in intestine (PubMed:36240758). Expressed by nociceptors in response to LPS (PubMed:35263589)
By allophanate or its non-metabolized analog oxalurate. Sensitive to nitrogen catabolite repression
Activated by agr, SarA, SarV and MgrA
Expression is probably repressed by KdgR, which binds to its 5'-UTR
Induced by abscisic acid (ABA) and salt (PubMed:18326788, PubMed:25283804). Induced by drought stress (PubMed:20838584, PubMed:25418692, PubMed:25283804, PubMed:25735958). Induced by D-allose (PubMed:23397192). Induced by infection with the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) (PubMed:23826294, PubMed:26718470). Down-regulated by submergence (PubMed:17205969)
By amino acid starvation. Activation through the binding of uncharged tRNA in the acceptor sites of translating ribosomes (By similarity)
Induced in adipose tissue after high fat diet. Down-regulated by holo-RBP4, retinol and retinoic acid
Repressed by the munition hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine, also known as Royal Demolition eXplosive (RDX)
Transcribed constitutively. Not induces by viral infection
Might be negatively regulated by the microRNA let-7b
Increased levels on water deprivation
By drought and cold stresses and abscisic acid (ABA)
Constitutively expressed in the presence or absence of phage P0008 (in L.lactis subsp. lactis strain IL1403) (at protein level); in the presence of phage the abiQ transcript level decreases while the antiQ transcript does not. Part of the antiQ-abiQ operon
By silver nitrate and UV irradiation
Circadian-regulation with peak levels occurring in the early morning hours and lowest levels during the late afternoon hours in flowers
Induced by maltose and the transcriptional regulator MalT (PubMed:4215651). Permanently repressed by cold shock in a PNPase-dependent fashion (PubMed:14527658)
Strongly during leaf senescence (PubMed:11722756). Repressed by rhizobacterium B.cereus AR156 in leaves, and to a lower extent, by P.fluorescens WCS417r (PubMed:26433201)
Up-regulated under phosphate (Pi) starvation in lamina joint cells (PubMed:19566645, PubMed:29610209). Up-regulated during cold stress (PubMed:19508276). Up-regulated by the transcription factor PHR2 (PubMed:25271318)
Accumulates upon nitrogen deprivation (PubMed:22623494). Triggered by NAC072/RD26 during senescence (PubMed:29659022)
By penicillin G, impenem and AmpR
Up-regulated by cholate and after the transition of the cells from log phase to stationary growth phase
By 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in bone marrow stroma cells
Expression is increased in clinical azole-resistant isolates and by the presence of itraconazole (PubMed:12709346, PubMed:15504870, PubMed:29124846). Expression is down-regulated by tetrandrine and posaconazole in a synergistic manner (PubMed:28080217). Expression is also induced upon amphotericin B treatment (PubMed:18838595)
Up-regulated by NaCl, K(+) starvation and abscisic acid (ABA). Induced at acidic external pH
By abscisic acid, dehydration and rehydration. Expression regulated by phytochrome B
By methyl viologen and chilling in roots and shoots
Induced by starvation
Up-regulated by inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma in monocytes. Up-regulated by TNF-alpha, IL-1-beta and IL-6 in endothelial cells
Negatively controlled by the level of physiologically active gibberellin. Up-regulated by auxin, paclobutrazol, long day exposure and cold treatment
By amino acid starvation. It has a GCN4-dependent and a GCN4-independent (basal) expression
Induced in nutrient-poor medium (at protein level)
By temperature upshift (by the sigma-32 heat shock transcription factor). Also under control of CpxR
Up-regulated by interferon gamma (at protein level). Down-regulated by theophylline (THP), a reprotoxic agent thought to induce infertility
Down-regulated during granulocytic differentiation. Does not show circadian oscillations
By phosphate
Induced by wounding and oral secretion of the herbivore Manduca sexta caterpillars
Down-regulated by NaCl
Under the control of the inducible GAL10 promoter
Estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) regulates CSE promoter activity and induces protein expression in human osteoblasts
Induced after flagellin treatment
By immediate ATP release following TCR stimulation (PubMed:35119925)
By growth at high osmolarity, is regulated by cAMP
Expression is repressed at alkaline ambient pH and highly induced under nitrogen starvation and acidic pH conditions (PubMed:19400779)
Locally induced in leaves subjected to different types of stress (TMV infection, wounding, UV irradiation)
Induced in root tips during the externally-induced root cap cell differentiation
Induced by jasmonic acid (MeJA) and gradually by wounding (PubMed:14973281). Accumulates in response to dehydration stress (PubMed:28586434). Induced by cold, osmotic, salt and drought stresses in roots and shoots, and by UV-B and wounding in shoots (PubMed:28586434)
Induced by H(2)O(2), via the HprR/HprS two-component system, and by Cu(2+), via the CusS/CusR two-component system. HprR and CusR bind to essentially the same sequence within the hiuH promoter region
Up-regulated by starvation
Expression is under the control of the ZCF2 transcription factor and is regulated upon white-opaque switching. Transcription is also up-regulated in both intermediate and mature biofilms
Repressed by cold/dark treatment
By brassinosteroids (e.g. brassinolide BL), auxin (e.g. 2,4-dichlorphenoxyacetic acid 2,4-D) and cytokinin (e.g. kinetin), with a synergistic effect (PubMed:16103214, PubMed:22345435). Up-regulated in a feed-back loop by ASL20 (PubMed:19088331). Levels are monitored by proteasome-mediated degradation (PubMed:18445131). Repressed by WEE1 upon replication stress to prevent premature tracheary element differentiation (PubMed:21498679). Accumulates during infection by the soilborne fungal pathogen Verticillium longisporum, especially in tissues undergoing de novo xylem formation (PubMed:23023171)
Up-regulated by heat shock in embryos and larvae with highest levels of expression in 3 day old larvae
Is transcribed only in the presence of nicotine under the control of the transcriptional activator PmfR. Forms part of an operon with purU, folD, nepA and nepB
Expression is maximal early in growth and declines as the cells approach the stationary phase
Preferentially expressed in yeast cells, the host parasitic phase (at protein level)
Expressed from S phase through G2 and M phases and is degraded at the end of mitosis. Expression is down-regulated by the anti-fungal agent plagiochin E (PLE)
Up-regulated in liver, brown adipose tissue, heart, intestine and kidney by DEHP/bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (at protein level)
Repressed progressively during incompatible Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) infection (strain UK1) (PubMed:27255930). When the plant is infected by a compatible TuMV strain (UK1 m2), the down-regulation is transient and last two days (PubMed:27255930)
Up-regulated in response to starvation (at protein level)
Strongly down-regulated in cats suffering from tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN). Excretion decreases immediately after castration
Expressed periodically during cell division. Regulated by the SBF complex which is one critical regulator of the start of the cell cycle (By similarity)
Expression is induced in the developing cerebral cortex in response to neuronal activity in neurons: expression is driven by the presence of a enhancer sequence only present in primates that binds the MEF2 transcription factors (PubMed:27830782)
By high salinity
Repressed by brassinazole (BRZ), thus leading to a reduced number of stomata in hypocotyls (PubMed:25680231). Inhibited by low relative humidity (LRH) via epigenetic CG methylation, thus leading to a reduced stomatal index (PubMed:22442411). Repressed by YDA (at protein level) (PubMed:19008449). Post-transcriptional decrease of protein level in response to osmotic stress (e.g. mannitol), through the action of a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade; this repression is reversed by the MAPK kinase inhibitor PD98059 (PubMed:25381317)
By light as well as by elevated temperature
By heat shock, salt stress, oxidative stress, glucose limitation and oxygen limitation. Expressed under control of the sigma-B transcription factor
Induced by glucocorticoid or BMP6
Transcribed starting in early sporulation and into later stages; not expressed during vegetative growth. First gene in the orf1-orf2-cry2Aa (cryB1) operon
Part of the SOS-response regulon, controlled by LexA; repressed by LexA, induced by DNA damage (PubMed:10760155). Antisense sRNA IstR-1 inhibits toxicity by inhibiting translation of tisAB mRNA; subsequent RNase 3 cleavage leads to a truncated mRNA. IstR-1 sequesters a standby ribosome binding site in the tisAB mRNA; as the levels of IstR-1 decrease during the SOS response this site opens and ribosomes are able to bind to initiate translation further downstream (PubMed:15620655, PubMed:17499044)
Up-regulated by TNF and hydrogen peroxide
Induced by cholate
Down-regulated by oncogenes (isoform 1). Isoform 2 is down-regulated by beta estradiol in mammary gland (at mRNA level). Isoform 2 is up-regulated by beta estradiol in mammary glands (at protein level). Up-regulated in lactating mammary glands and mammary tumors (at protein level)
Detected at low levels after 6 but not 96 hours growth (at protein level)
Transcribed in light but much less in the dark in both normal air and 1% CO(2); the nitrogen source has no effect on transcription. Constitutively expressed when grown on fructose. Part of the rbcL-rbcX-rbcS operon
Up-regulated by cadmium in testis (at protein level) (PubMed:28295929). Up-regulated by curcumin (PubMed:28145533)
By vancomycin
Induced following exposure to ionizing radiation
Induced specifically in response to hyphal development
Expression is up-regulated in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) during chronic inflammatory pain
Partially autorepressed
Transiently induced a few minutes after mechanical wounding
By androgens. Expression diminishes after 1-3 days and disappears 7 days postgonadectomy
Activated in myeloid differentiation
Up-regulated in response to caloric restriction in white and brown adipose tissues. Up-regulated during cold exposure and down-regulated in higher ambient temperature in brown adipose tissue. Up-regulated after beta-adrenergic agonist (isoproterenol) treatment in white adipose tissue (at protein level). Up-regulated in response to caloric restriction in adipose tissue and kidney. Up-regulated in response to oxidative stress. Up-regulated during postnatal sciatic nerve myelination development and axonal regeneration. Down-regulated during preadipocyte differentiation. Down-regulated in Schwann dedifferentiated cells during Wallerian degeneration. Isoform 1 is up-regulated upon differentiation to a neuron-like phenotype
Transcriptionally regulated by FilR1
By encystation
By fungal elicitors
Induced by iron starvation, partially repressed by fur
Induced by white light exposure
The sRNA antitoxin RalA probably works by inhibiting translation of the RalR mRNA. The ability of RalA to block the toxicity of RalR relies on a 16-nt sequence which is complementary to a section of the RalR coding region; in the presence of RalA sRNA decreased amounts of RalR protein accumulate with no significant changes in the level of RalR RNA
Strongly up-regulated in response to viral infection by the Drosophila C virus, alphavirus Sindbis virus and Nora virus (PubMed:18953338, PubMed:32878003). Up-regulation increases between 1 and 3 hours after infection with the Drosophila C virus (PubMed:18953338). Up-regulation increases between 1 and 6 hours after infection with the Sindbis virus, exhibiting a dramatic increase at 6 hours (PubMed:18953338). Induced in the fat body following infection with the Drosophila C virus (PubMed:18953338). In hemolymph of flies infected with Nora virus, levels of expression increase by approximately 4-fold 3 and 17 days after infection, by 1-fold 10 days after infection, and by 2-fold 24 days after infection, compared to uninfected flies (PubMed:32878003). Very weakly to not up-regulated by infection with the Gram-negative bacteria E.cloacae and E.coli, or the Gram-positive bacteria M.luteus and E.fecalis (PubMed:18953338). Not up-regulated by the plus-strand RNA virus, the Nodavirus flock house virus, or the fungus B.bassiana (PubMed:18953338)
Down-regulated upon activation of dendritic cells
By salicylic acid (SA) (PubMed:22268143, PubMed:22325892). Strong accumulation during leaf senescence (PubMed:22268143). Down-regulated by jasmonate. Triggered by P.syringae (PubMed:22325892)
By wounding, hydrogen peroxide and cellulase elicitor
Regulation is very complex. Strongly induced at 28 degrees Celsius (at protein level), transcription regulation requires c-di-GMP, although the mechanism is currently unknown. c-di-GMP levels are stimulated by the diguanylate cyclase DgcM and repressed by the c-di-GMP phosphodiesterase PdeR (YciR) (PubMed:17010156). Transcription directly repressed by MqsA, and indirectly repressed by MqsA via MqsA's repression of rpoS (PubMed:24212724)
Up-regulated in CD4(+)T-cells in the liver and spleen upon infection with Leishmania donovani
Highly expressed in growing cells, but only at low levels in starved cells
By nutrient, osmotic, oxidative and heat stress. Up-regulated during the diauxic shift
Induced by infection with the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv maculicola strain ES4326, but not by microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) such as flg22
Circadian-regulated, with the highest expression 1 hour before the beginning of light period (in 14 hours light/10 hours dark cycle)
Induced by growth in minimal media (at protein level). Under positive control of the stringent response regulator guanosine 3',5'-bis(diphosphate) (ppGpp)
After a bacterial challenge, the level of transcripts decreases dramatically in the circulating hemocytes. This decrease can be correlated with an increase of transcripts in the gill and the mantle tissue, suggesting a possible migration of the hemocytes expressing Cg-defh2 towards the tissues implicated in the first defense barrier of the oyster
By glucocorticoids, such as dexamethesone
Expression increases upon treatment of EC cells with DMSO and retinoic acid. Induced by KCL in PC12 cells
Induced by increased levels of photorespiratory hydrogen peroxide H(2)O(2) (PubMed:21443605). Transiently up-regulated by cold stress but down-regulated by heat stress (PubMed:25593351). Induced by the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea in systemically infected leaves (PubMed:25593351). Accumulates in response to salicylic acid (SA, benzothiadiazole (BTH)) and jasmonic acid (MeJA) (PubMed:25593351)
Protein levels are highest during exponential growth phase and lowest in stationary phase
(Microbial infection) Protein levels increase upon infection by human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2
By nitrogen starvation and by a pheromone signal in both P and M cell types. Essentially unexpressed in vegetative cells
Up-regulated by the unfolded protein response (UPR) via the XBP1 transcription factor
Induced by UV irradiation (PubMed:15341631, PubMed:15255861). Induced by methyl jasmonate (PubMed:15255861)
Expression declines progressively during the estrous cycle; it is higher at the beginning (days 1-9) and then follows a progressive decline to reach its lowest point at the follicular phase of the cycle (days 19-21)
Induced by dark and starvation
Positively regulated by WIN1
Expressed in both exponential and stationary phase; expression is considerably higher during stationary phase and 2 proteins of slightly different sizes are seen (at protein level)
By visible light
Induced by jasmonic acid (MeJA)
Expression is iron regulated
Induced by UV-B
Induced by manganese
Up-regulated upon monocyte differentiation toward macrophage lineage
Up-regulated in proliferating cells. Present at low levels in quiescent cells
By cortisol
Up-regulated by syringolin, a cell death-inducing chemical
Induced by OBP3, auxin and salicylic acid (SA). Repressed by jasmonic acid (JA). Up regulated by iron deficiency in roots and leaves, as well as by nickel, high zinc or high copper treatments. Repressed by high iron, low copper and low zinc treatments
MSAPK14 can negatively regulate the stability of the MAP2K6/MKK6 mRNA and thus control the steady-state concentration of one of its upstream activator
Strongly induced in response to herbivory-mediated wounding
Up-regulated during embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation into cardiomyocytes (PubMed:26990106). Down-regulated by microRNA-222 (miR-222) in skeletal muscle cells, leading in inhibition of muscle-specific pre-mRNA alternative splicing events and myoblast fusion (PubMed:26844700)
Up-regulated in response to iron and copper
Up-regulated by darkness, ethylene and Botrytis cinerea
By gibberellic acid (GA3), ethylene and submergence
Reduced expression upon sucrose depletion-mediated cell proliferation arrest, and accumulates after sucrose treatment (PubMed:10996242, PubMed:15939553). Induced by gamma irradiation (PubMed:25124817)
By 8-bromo cyclic AMP
Up-regulated during protein-induced pluripotent stem (PiPS) endothelial cell differention. Up-regulated by VEGFA and POU2F1 (at protein level)
Strongly up-regulated in alveolar macrophages in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS)
By succinate, fumarate, and malate
3-fold induction by growth at 15 degrees Celsius
By 3-methylcholanthrene (3MC) and isosafrole (ISF)
By iron depletion and by heat
Induced by cold stress
Modestly repressed by alanine and leucine via Lrp. Amino acid limitation causes repression by promoting the accumulation of L-alanine or L-leucine or both. AvtA is also repressed by L-alpha-aminobutyric acid and other nonprotein amino acids which are structurally similar to L-alanine
Highly expressed in the presence of methionine, but poorly expressed in the presence of cystine. Also induced by superoxide. Repressed both by sulfate and cysteine
Up-regulated during neurite outgrowth upon differentiation with NGF
Translation is induced by amino acid or purine starvation, or during growth in low or poor carbon sources (PubMed:6387704, PubMed:6433345, PubMed:8336737, PubMed:10733573, PubMed:9582292). Translational repression during nutrient-rich conditions is dependent on four uORFs (upstream open reading frames) present in the 5'-UTR of the mRNA; these promote ribosome dissociation (PubMed:6387704, PubMed:6433345, PubMed:3516411, PubMed:2676723, PubMed:8336737, PubMed:9582292). Translational induction occurs in conditions reducing translation machinery efficiency, leading to ribosomes scanning over the uORFs, and increased translation of the mRNA (PubMed:1986242). The rapid translational induction is followed by transcriptional induction at later time-points, independently of the uORF sequences (PubMed:9582292)
Expression is induced in response to 2-benzoxazolinone (BOA) exposure
Expression in SMCs and carotid arteries is up-regulated upon injury or by PDGFB
Inactivation of AmpD results in AmpR-dependent hyperinduction and AmpD affects beta-lactam susceptibility in the absence of cloned C.freundii amp genes suggesting a linkage between AmpD and peptidoglycan synthesis
Expression is induced by cAMP pulses and during aggregation
Up-regulated after a long nitrate induction period
Down-regulated by methionine
Expressed in both low and standard phosphate concentrations
Induced in the presence of arsenite
Up-regulated upon fungal elicitor treatment and by methyl jasmonate
Part of the sigI-rsgI operon, which is induced by heat shock. Expressed from both the sigma I and sigma A promoters. Transcription from the sigma A promoter is likely more significant to virulence regulation
Down-regulated by abscisic acid and high salt. Not induced by salt stress or desiccation
Induced by activin (even in the absence of protein synthesis), lithium chloride, nodal/nr-1, nodal2/nr-2 and derriere. Not affected by basic fibroblast growth factor, and repressed by retinoic acid, and by UV light
By bacterial infection in fat body, hemocytes and malpighian tubules
By glucose or fructose treatment in leaves
By heme deficiency
Up-regulated by elicitins (cryptogein and parasiticein), salicylic acid (SA) and hydrogen peroxide
Expression increases as the growth rate increases. Encoded in the rnc-era-recO operon
Transient induction by wounding. Follows a diurnal rhythm
During growth inhibition caused by the exhaustion of any of a variety of nutrients (carbon, nitrogen, phosphate, sulfate, required amino acid) or by the presence of a variety of toxic agents. Positively regulated by guanosine 3',5'-bisphosphate (ppGpp) and by a RecA/FtsK-dependent regulatory pathway. Negatively regulated by FadR. Also regulated by CspC and CspE
By ammonium supply in roots
Up-regulated by elicitor and by endogenous H(2)O(2)
By nitrogen deprivation
Induced by sucrose. Slightly repressed by gibberellic acid (GA)
By high-intensity light, mostly at cold temperature (e.g. 4 degrees Celsius) (at protein level). This high-light-mediated accumulation is inhibited by okadaic acid. A stepwise accumulation is induced when 40 percents of PSII reaction centers become photodamaged. Induced by UV-A, red, far-red and blue lights illumination in a phytochrome A and phytochrome B-dependent manner. The COP9 signalosome is involved in dark-mediated repression. Accumulates upon heat shock but repressed at continuous high temperatures (). Transcript levels follow a circadian cycle, with highest levels 2 h after light, without protein accumulation. In light stress-preadapted or senescent leaves exposed to light stress there is a lack of correlation between transcript and protein accumulation; transcripts accumulate in yellow leaves exposed to high light, but not proteins
By nitrogen starvation, but not by sulfate starvation
Expression is up-regulated during the infection stages
By heat-shock, ethanol stress, zinc, cobalt and cadmium
Induced in ventrally positioned cells in pair-rule ectodermal stripes by expression of sim
Up-regulated in adults by starvation for 48 hours, whereas no up-regulation was detected at 24 hours
By Ca(2+), Mg(2+) and Na(+)
Induced by isopentenyladenine, trans-zeatin and 24-epibrassinolide
By wounding and drought stress
By bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in macrophage cell line RAW 264.7
Up-regulated by abscisic acid and abiotic stresses. Regulated by the microRNA miR846. Abscisic acid represses also the expression of miR846, thus increasing the accumulation of JAL40
Expression is increased 5-fold under conditions of low light
Up-regulated after serum withdrawal
Up-regulated upon differentiation of monocytes to macrophages
Strongly down-regulated in prion-infected brains (at protein level)
By the herbicide isoxaben and by biotic stresses
By dehydration. Not affected by water stress
By thyrotropin (TSH). Regulated by the cAMP pathway
Constitutively expressed at a basal level of activity (PubMed:7642496). Induced upon hyperosmotic conditions, resulting in an increase of its transport activity (PubMed:7642496, PubMed:17390131)
By chlorohydroquinone, hydroquinone, and 2,5-dichlorohydroquinone
Induced in roots during drought and salt stresses
Induced by aluminum in roots
Part of the rapF-phrF operon, which is controlled by ComA (PubMed:15968044). Transcription of phrF is also regulated by the sigma-H factor (PubMed:15968044)
Up-regulated by BMP4
Transcriptionally up-regulated by response regulator DegU and abundant non-coding RNA encoded by rli31
Expression is increased following microbial infection by A.apis and P.larvae
By mitogen phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) (PubMed:18462806). By lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in cells of the lung septa. This induction is abolished by gadolinium chloride treatment which depletes pulmonary intravascular macrophages (PIMs) (PubMed:19548205). By synthetic class C cytidine-phosphate-guanosine oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODNs) in PBMCs (PubMed:25066759). Synthetic class B CpG-ODN does not induce a significant increase of expression in vitro in neutrophils of foals aged between 2 to 56 days nor in adult horses (PubMed:22197007, PubMed:19819162). Expression level in neutrophils is not significantly changed by virulent strain of R.equi bacterium (PubMed:19819162). Up-regulated by neuropathogenic equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) infection in fully differentiated equine respiratory epithelial cells (ERECs) cultured at the air-fluid interface (AFI) (PubMed:24560592). Up-regulated in gingival tissue in individuals with equine periodontal disease. 16-fold increase in expression at diseased sites of the gums compared to healthy sites of the same animal (PubMed:27270960)
Up-regulated during hibernation in brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle compared with levels in euthermic bats
Up-regulated in the state of obesity
Inhibited by gonadotropin in granulosa cells
The most highly expressed of the 6 small subunit genes
Induced by growth on D-arginine and D-lysine. Repressed by DauR (PubMed:19139398). ArgR could be a transcriptional activator of the dauBAR operon in response to the presence of L-Arg (PubMed:19850617)
Not induced by ethylene or abscisic acid treatments, and salt or osmotic stresses
Induced by abscisic acid (ABA) and gravity in roots
Up-regulated in response to enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection (at protein level) (PubMed:16548883). Up-regulated by agents that induce apoptosis, both at mRNA and protein level (PubMed:17689225). Isoform 1 is up-regulated by androgen (PubMed:17148459). Isoform 2 is down-regulated by androgen (PubMed:17148459)
Up-regulated by white light
During biofilm formation
Up-regulated by IFNG/IFN-gamma
Strongly up-regulated during growth on acetate as sole carbon source
Is transcribed only in the presence of nicotine under the control of the transcriptional activator PmfR. Forms part of an operon with nepB, folD, mabO and purU
By DNA-damaging agents such as mitomycin C
Induced by cadmium in roots (PubMed:29440679). Down-regulated by cold stress (PubMed:19279197)
Induced by infection with the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato strain DC3000 (PubMed:17932459). Induced by infection with the fungal necrotrophic pathogen Botrytis cinerea (PubMed:21395886)
By hydrogen sulfide or cyanide (PubMed:21840852). By morpholin-4-ium 4-methoxyphenyl (morpholino) phosphinodithioate (GYY4137) (PubMed:24260346)
Down-regulated in response to zinc: repressed by ZNF658 in response to zinc by binding to the zinc transcriptional regulatory element (ZTRE) (5'-C[AC]C[TAG]CC[TC]-N(0-50)-[GA]G[ATC]G[TG]G-3') found in the promoter region of CBWD1 (PubMed:22902622, PubMed:25582195). Increased expression in response to dopamine treatment (PubMed:11489251)
Accumulates in etiolated seedlings in dark conditions
By wounding, and salt and osmotic stresses
Induced by abscisic acid (ABA) in aleurone cells (PubMed:15618416). Induced by salicylic acid (SA) and infection with the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae (PubMed:16528562). Induced by benzothiadiazole (BTH) and salicylic acid (SA) (PubMed:17601827). Induced by cold stress (PubMed:21725029). Down-regulated by drought stress (PubMed:21725029)
Fairly strongly expressed in maxicells, part of the metY operon that extends to pnp (at protein level) (PubMed:2849753). Induced by cold shock (42 to 15 degrees Celsius) (at protein level) (PubMed:8898389)
Early induced by salicylic acid (SA) treatment
Expression is increased significantly in arbuscule-enriched cortical cells and extraradical mycelia of maize roots under drought stress
Levels are increased twofold when transferred from high intensity to low intensity blue or white light
Down-regulated upon phosphate deficiency
Induced by exposure to high light
Induced in diffuse large cell lymphoma (DLCL) after treatment with the natural biological agent, Bryo1. Up-regulated in response to enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection (at protein level)
By cold. Expressed only after a duration of cold exposure that is effective for vernalization. Strongly down-regulated after return to a warm growth temperature
Expression is induced during iron deprivation and is regulated by the transcription factor SRE1 (PubMed:18404210, PubMed:22117028)
By salt stress, abscisic acid (ABA), viral infection and wounding
Stress-responsive protein (PubMed:11511361, PubMed:18833288). Induced upon UV or ionizing irradiation (at protein level) (PubMed:11511361). Induced upon heat-shock stress (at protein level) (PubMed:18451878)
By IL12/interleukin-12 in NK cells
By DNA damage. Increases after UV irradiation, X-ray irradiation, oxidative stress (H(2)O(2)) or addition of the chemotherapeutic DNA-damaging agents etoposide, adriamycin, cisplatin or fluorouracil
Increased in response to lysosome alkalization
Induced by low magnesium levels
Constitutively expressed throughout the vegetative cell cycle
Repressed during activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes
Increased intracellular zinc level, resulting from extracellular zinc supplementation, do not induce any up- or down-regulation of gene expression. Up-regulated by zinc depletion
By oxygen at the level of transcription. Expression drops rapidly when the oxygen concentration falls below 0.5 uM O(2)
Expression is strongly increased during growth on protein-rich medium
Repressed by the srb8 and srb9 transcription factors
Induced by bacterial peptidoglycan, cell wall muropeptides, chitin, N-acetylchitohexaose, lipopolysaccharide, and flg22 flagellin. Induced by infection with the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae
Down-regulated in kidney but not in stomach following feeding with 2-amino-4,5-diphenylthiazole
Ethylene induction is completely dependent on a functional ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE2 (EIN2). Wounding as well as cold stress induction does not require EIN2. Transcripts accumulate strongly in cycloheximide-treated plants, a protein synthesis inhibitor. Seems to not be influenced by jasmonate, Alternaria brassicicola, exogenous abscisic acid (ABA), cold, heat, NaCl or drought stress
Up-regulated by iron and sulfur starvation
Induced by DNA damaging agents
Accumulates in response to the phytohormone ethylene
Transcripts rise slowly in low continuous light with little rhythmicity
Up-regulated by konjac glucomannan and by cellobiose and mannobiose, the possible degradation products of glucomannan. Repressed by glucose via the carbon catabolite repression system
Constitutively expressed. Induced by abscisic acid (ABA) and lipopolysaccharides
Expressed at very low levels in quiescent cells but is transiently induced by serum stimulation with levels increasing to a maximum within 30 minutes and declining over the next hour
Up-regulated by hypoxia (PubMed:20097791). Up-regulated by the ERF-VII transcription factor RAP2-12 during hypoxia (PubMed:24599061)
Up-regulated following CSF1 stimulation
Low levels of protein are associated with magnetosomes as they start to develop, rises to a maximum as the magnetosomes mature and then decreases (at protein level) (PubMed:30367002). Part of the probable mms6 operon (Probable)
Strongly induced by TNF, also induced by bacterial lipopolycaccharides (LPS) in neutrophils, endothelial cells, and other cell types. Not induced by growth-related factors
Up-regulated by oxidative stress, amino-acid deprivation, hypoxia and endoplasmic reticulum stress (PubMed:33384352). During ER stress, induced by a EIF2AK3/ATF4 pathway and/or ERN1/ATF6 pathway. Expression is suppressed by TLR-TRIF signaling pathway during prolonged ER stress
Induced by jasmonic acid (PubMed:9524816). Triggered by high temperatures; 35 degrees Celsius day/30 degrees Celsius night (at protein level) (PubMed:16664431)
The toxin locus has divergently transcribed operons maximally expressed during early stationary phase. This is part of the orfX1-orfX2-orfX3 operon. A longer botR-orfX1-orfX2-orfX3 operon is also transcribed at lower levels (PubMed:15158256). The crude toxin extract was isolated from cells that had been growing statically for 96 hours (at protein level) (PubMed:19915042)
May be modulated by the thyroid hormone receptor
Strongly down-regulated in many tumor cells, up-regulated by gamma-irradiation
Constitutively expressed (PubMed:11050656). Expression is induced in vitro in the presence of phosphatidylcholine. Also induced upon infection of THP-1 macrophages (PubMed:12100560)
Down-regulated by ZNF608 (PubMed:23076336). Isoform 2 is up-regulated during neuronal differentiation (PubMed:25921068)
Down-regulated in kidney and liver of mice lacking hypotransferrinemic (hpx), which have iron overload of the liver and pancreas
A member of the dormancy regulon. Induced in response to carbon monoxide (CO). It is hoped that this regulon will give insight into the latent, or dormant phase of infection
By the X.oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) transcription activator-like effector (TALe) protein pthXo1 and, possibly, AvrXa7. The induction by X.oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) PXO99 occurs only in the Xa13 allelic form that contains full promoter region
Upon physical injury. Up-regulated 5-fold after 6 hours and 15-fold after 18 hours of injury
Is the predominant flavodoxin expressed when A.vinelandii is grown on nitrate as nitrogen source
Induced under phosphate deprivation conditions
By drought stress (at protein level)
Induced by potassium starvation in roots (PubMed:11489190, PubMed:12795699, PubMed:17541409). Down-regulated by sodium, potassium, rubidium, lithium and cesium (PubMed:11489190, PubMed:12795699)
Circadian-regulation with peak levels occurring during the night period (11 pm) in flowers
Induced in response to DNA damage
Not induced by selenate or selenite. Up-regulated by sulfate. Not affected by the status of methionine, s-methylmethionine or homocysteine, or by cadmium
Up-regulated by nitrate (PubMed:8111016, PubMed:9648741). Up-regulated by nitrite (PubMed:9648741)
In liquid cultures (aerobic), phz2 operon is induced by quinolone signal via 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone (PQS). In biofilm (microaerobic), phz2 operon is induced by quinolone signal via 4-hydroxy-2-heptylquinoline (HHQ), a precursor of PQS
By cold and dehydration (PubMed:19825577). Induced by salt (NaCl) and oxidative (H(2)O(2)) stresses (PubMed:29581216, PubMed:19825577)
Reduced expression in metastatic osteosarcomas compared to primary osteosarcoma tumors. Down-regulated in both breast (43% of tissue samples) and ovarian (25% of tissue samples) cancers
By interferons alpha and beta, and by Vaccinia virus infection
Rapidly degraded by the proteasome. Cell-cycle regulation with highest expression during the S-phase (at protein level). Induced during dendritic cell maturation. Negatively regulated by p53/TP53. High levels in various gastrointestinal and gynecological cancer cells. Induced in RTECs in common renal diseases including diabetic nephropathy (DN), IgA nephropathy (IgAN), and hypertensive nephrosclerosis (HN), as well as in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and during HIVAN. Inducible by the pro-inflammatory cytokines IFNG/IFN-gamma and TNF in cancers of liver and colon. Repressed by NUB1 (at protein level)
Not induced by DNA damage. Isoforms lacking the transactivation domain block gene induction
Oscillates diurnally in eye and pineal gland, with highest levels shortly after midnight
Repressed by testosterone and also to a lesser extent by dihydrotestosterone. Down-regulated by MYCN
Only expressed during growth in minimal medium, strongly induced when cells enter stationary phase with highest levels reached about 2 hours after transition to stationary phase (PubMed:14762004). Expression activated by ComK (PubMed:11918817, PubMed:11948146, PubMed:14762004)
Expression is detectable but at low levels in vegetatively growing cells and increases during development induced by starvation (PubMed:27790999). Expression is highest during mound formation (approximately 8-12 h after induction), starts to decrese at the time of slug formation (approximately 16 h after induction) and further decreases during culmination (from 18 to 24 h after induction) (PubMed:27790999)
Expression is increased in mutants with phenotypes consistent with known sterol biosynthetic mutations (ERG3, ERG7, ERG24) (PubMed:10209263). The sterol inhibitors zaragozic acid and ketoconazole, which target squalene synthase and the C-14 sterol demethylase respectively, also cause an increase in expression (PubMed:10209263). Heme mutants increase ERG9 expression while anaerobic conditions decrease expression (PubMed:10209263). Additionally, the heme activator protein transcription factors HAP1 and HAP2/3/4, the yeast activator protein transcription factor yAP-1, and the phospholipid transcription factor complex INO2/4 regulate ERG9 expression (PubMed:10209263)
By cadmium (Cd). Not induced under sulfur-deficient conditions. Repressed in trichomes in response to NaCl treatment
Expression is induced during hyphal growth
Expression oscillates in a circadian manner in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the brain and in liver. Expression seen at higher levels during the light period and lower during the dark period
Expression increases early during phorbol ester-induced differentiation along the monocyte/macrophage pathway in myeloid leukemia cell line ML-1. Rapidly up-regulated by CSF2 in ML-1 cells. Up-regulated by heat shock-induced differentiation. Expression increases early during retinoic acid-induced differentiation
Negatively regulated by RPN1A via proteasome-mediated protein degradation in non-drought conditions (PubMed:34197643). Accumulates in response to drought (PubMed:34197643). Induced by the virulent bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000) (PubMed:28650521)
By bacteria and fungi
Induced by taurine via TauR
Up-regulated in differentiating keratinocytes
Regulated by protein diet
Repressed by drought stress
Up-regulated by Ca(2+)
Strongly induced in both roots and shoots during iron (Fe) deficiency stress (PubMed:16887895, PubMed:18025467, PubMed:19737364, PubMed:21112958, PubMed:21331630, PubMed:24280375). Ethylene enhances the iron deficiency-mediated induction (PubMed:21112958). Induced by arsenate (AsV25 and AsV50); this induction is repressed by nitric oxide (NO) (PubMed:26793232). Accumulates under cadmium (Cd) stress; this induction is inhibited by the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine (Aza) (PubMed:27412910)
Expression is down-regulated under conditions of iron depletion
Up-regulated by auxin (IAA), but not by abscisic acid (ABA), brassinolid (BR), gibberelic acid (GA3)or benzyl aminopurine (BA). Down-regulated by salt stress and thermospermine
Transcribed under the control of SigK and positively regulated by GerE
Up-regulated in liver upon feeding a diet enriched in cholestyramine or cholate
Expression is down-regulated by dexamethasone and up-regulated by IL4/interleukin-4 in macrophages. Down-regulated in CD40L-activated dendritic cells
Slightly induced by salicylic acid (PubMed:16463103). Induced reversibly in response to phosphate (Pi) deficiency but repressed in the presence of Pi, specifically in the leaves. Availability of Pi increases with decreased levels (PubMed:19529828)
Up-regulated by fasting, PPARD, PPARA and PLIN4. Increased in muscle of high-fat diet fed mice. Induced by unsaturated long chain fatty acid in muscle
Up-regulated by hypoxia (at protein level) (PubMed:16775626). Induced by hypoxia (PubMed:16775626). Isoform 2, isoform 3, isoform 4 and isoform 5 are up-regulated by hypoxia in a HIF1A- and EPAS1/HIF2A-dependent manner (PubMed:19694616, PubMed:20416395, PubMed:21069422). Isoform 4 is down-regulated by hypoxia and up-regulated upon restoring normoxia in embryonic kidney cells (PubMed:16126907)
Not expressed while still submerged, accumulates during aerial hyphae formation on minimal medium, no transcript detected during sporulation (Probable). During aerial hyphae formation and early sporulation on rich medium, under control of ECF sigma factor BldN (PubMed:12832397). Expression depends on bldB but not bldA, bldD or bldH (at protein level) (PubMed:17462011)
Repressed by MYB44. Induced by cold stress, drought, high salt, and ABA
Expression is induced by rapamycine
Circadian-regulation under long day (LD) conditions. Expression increases during daytime, peaks at the end of the light period and gradually decreases during the dark period
Not induced by wounding or bacterial pathogen
Up-regulated upon salt, osmotic, glucose or exogenous abscisic acid treatment
Expression is highly up-regulated during infection
Transcriptionally regulated by the proinflammatory mediators nerve growth factor, serotonin, interleukin-1 and bradykinin. Up-regulation upon tissue inflammation is abolished by anti-inflammatory drugs
By growth factors and cycloheximide
By maltose, less efficiently by trehalose, and even less efficiently by sucrose
By wounding, nitric oxide and infection by avirulent pathogen
Expression is down-regulated during growth at pH 8 by the pH-responsive transcription factor RIM101. Induced during exposure to the weak acid stress of acetic acid, through the regulation by the transcription factor MNL1
Up-regulated by XBP1. Induced by chemical activators of the unfolded protein response (UPR) such as tunicamycin and thapsigargin, and also by glucose starvation (PubMed:17612490)
Activated by wounding, methyl jasmonate, heavy metal, osmotic and salt stresses. Up-regulated by phosphate limitation (PubMed:16384909)
Induced by UV-B and salt stress
By lipopolysaccharide (LPS); in hypothalamus
By salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (MJ), ethylene (ET), wounding in local tissues, and infection with the fungal pathogen A.brassicicola and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), both in local and systemic tissues
Expressed once the cells enter stationary phase, with a maximum at the late stationary phase
Transcriptional repression correlates with reduced histone acetylation on H3 and H4 mediated by HDA18 in root epidermis N cells (non-hair developing cells). Induced by WER. Negative autoregulation by interfering with the binding of WER to its WER-binding sites (WBS) promoter region, especially in H cells. Down-regulated by GEM. Down-regulated by TMM (PubMed:19513241)
Expressed at a low level, probably partially repressed by LexA, induced by DNA damage
Up-regulated in response to dietary restriction and during dauer formation
By doxorubicin (DOX)
Up-regulated by selenate, but not by selenite. Down-regulated by sulfate
Increases during nitrogen starvation (at protein level) (PubMed:33138913). Repressed in nutrient-replete conditions in a TORC1-dependent manner (at protein level) (PubMed:33138913)
By estrogen receptor alpha
Up-regulated in fallopian tubes upon infection (PubMed:9588893). Increased expression in kidneys with pyelonephritis (PubMed:22359618)
By TGFB1 in T-cells. Down-regulated in regulatory T-cells (Treg) during inflammation
Slightly by phosphate deprivation
Expression strongly increases after 30 minutes and then decreases over 3 hours in the presence of tetracycline; not under control of whiB7. Probably part of the TetR-TetX operon
Induced transiently by high light stress (at protein level)
Expressed is under the control of the iton-regulatory transcription factor fep1. Expression is repressed under iron-replete conditions and induced under conditions of iron starvation
Expression is positively regulated by the CAP1 transcription activator (PubMed:19395663). Expression is also regulated by the MRR1 transcription factor (PubMed:28953977). Expression is inhibited by tetrandrine (TET), a compound known to act in a synergistic manner with fluconazole (PubMed:19420894, PubMed:23527892). Expression is increased in clinical azole-resistant isolates (PubMed:23769565, PubMed:24962255)
Up-regulated in white adipose tissue of obese mice
40-fold induced under conditions that maximally induce expression of the locus of effacement (LEE) large pathogenicity island (PAI); part of the dlsT-yhaM operon. 3-fold induced by D-serine during mid to late exponential growth
Up-regulated by interleukin-4/IL-4
Repressed by phosphate
By UV irradiation, N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, cisplatin, cyclohexamide and serum stimulation
By platelet-derived growth factor (PubMed:23233732). Up-regulated upon hypertonic conditions (PubMed:23233732). Up-regulated in the dopamine D1 and D2 receptor-containing neurons of nucleus accumbens shell after spinal nerve ligation (PubMed:29993042)
Maximally expressed between 6 and 12 hours of growth, in early stationary phase
Upon contact with the plant pathogens fungus Fusarium solani, Pseudomonas syringae pv pisi, and the fungal elicitor chitosan
By osmotic stress. Choline is required for full expression. Oxygen and choline exert their control via the transacting DNA-binding proteins ArcA and BetI, respectively
Specifically induced by chitin
Up-regulated by exogenous Na(+), K(+) and Mn(2+)
Induced during the differentiation of CG-4 cells
By drought, cold, high salinity, cadmium (CdCl(2)), salicylic acid (SA), jasmonate (JA), ethylene, gibberellic acid (GA), and ABA (PubMed:16463103, PubMed:18162593, PubMed:23067202). The induction by JA is COI1-dependent (PubMed:23067202)
By V-Src
Expressed in a circadian rhythm manner in the retina. Levels increase over daylight hours, reaching maximum levels between ZT12 and ZT18. Expression levels continue to oscillate during constant darkness, with levels increasing during subjective day to reach maximum levels between day/night transition. In the pineal gland, shows no robust circadian rhythm with only a slight increase in expression between ZT10-18
Ty1-OR is a weakly expressed element. Induced under amino acid starvation conditions by GCN4
By sucrose starvation, dark and senescence
By iron and by a cAMP/cAMP receptor protein complex
Induced by amino acid starvation but not by endoplasmic reticulum stress
Induced by methionine starvation
Not inducible by polyamine analogs
Induced by maltose and repressed by glucose
Transcriptionally regulated by SCO4008
Up-regulated by FGF2
Down-regulated by microRNA MIR574-3p
Upon influenza virus infection
Protein levels rise from about 4,000/cell in exponential phase to about 18,000/cell in late stationary phase (at protein level) (PubMed:6379600). Subject to transcriptional auto-repression (PubMed:7934818). Induced by increased hydrostatic pressure (PubMed:8226663). hns transcription can be repressed by overexpressed StpA (which is usually repressed by hns) (PubMed:8890170). Induced by cold shock (42 to 15 degrees Celsius) (at protein level) (PubMed:8898389)
By UV LIGHT
By abscisic acid (PubMed:16463103, PubMed:21399993). Accumulates in response to salt (PubMed:21399993). Triggered by MYB46 and MYB83 in the regulation of secondary cell wall biosynthesis (PubMed:19674407, PubMed:22197883)
May be up-regulated in response to cell-cell contact
By granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and LPS in macrophages
In vitro, it is induced by basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), uniquely in the first 24 hours of cell culture
Up-regulated in the liver by fasting
Expression is strongly up-regulated in the anterior intestine and to a lesser extent in liver in response to feeding in both larvae and adults (at protein level) (PubMed:15614773). Protein levels are not changed in 1 or 6 hours after feeding (PubMed:17176039)
Induced by CsrA and repressed by spermidine
Is expressed only during vegetative growth
Induced by mannosyl-D-glycerate
Secreted in high amounts upon heat treatment of mature seeds (PubMed:11406286). Strongly induced by chitosan in the cotyledons of germinating seeds (PubMed:19962718)
By nicotinic acid
Is part of the operon cntOLMI that is negatively regulated by zinc level through the Zur repressor, which leads to transcriptional activation of this operon under zinc depletion (PubMed:28898501). Highly induced in response to airway mucus secretions (AMS) treatment (PubMed:26446565)
By lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in heart, liver and lung five hours after treatment
Expression is detectable but at low levels in vegetatively growing cells and increases during development induced by starvation (PubMed:27790999). Expression is highest during he ultimate stage of mature fruiting body (approximately 24 h after induction) (PubMed:27790999)
No induction by UV-B light
Transcription peaks early in exponential phase, is greater at 37 than 30 degrees Celsius (PubMed:11287746)
Up-regulated in primary breast and colon tumors and liver metastasis
Repressed in presence of ammonia
By light and abscisic acid (ABA) in roots
By methanol and ethanol
Up-regulated by butyrate in colorectal cancer cells (PubMed:10367403). Up-regulated in keratinocytes after wounding (PubMed:20166898, PubMed:27182009). Up-regulated strongly by granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in keratinocytes (PubMed:20166898). Up-regulated moderately by transforming growth factor (TGF-beta), epidermal growth factor (EGF), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF1) in keratinocytes (PubMed:20166898). Up-regulated also by glucocorticoid dexamethasone in keratinocytes (PubMed:20166898)
Induced in the presence of malate via the two-component system MalK/MalR. The regulator MalR binds to the promoter region of maeA. Is not subject to carbon catabolite repression
By senescence (PubMed:8883383) and phosphate starvation (PubMed:21323773)
By heat and oxidative stresses in trophozoites and schizonts (at protein level)
Induction of the nucleocytoplasmic OGT (ncOGT) isoform in the liver on glucose deprivation is mediated by the decreased hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) flux
Up-regulated in distal colon in response to K(+) free diet
By growth at pH 5.0 in exponential phase
LRAT activity is up-regulated by dietary vitamin A. Under conditions of vitamin A depletion, LRAT expression in the liver is induced by retinoic acid (By similarity)
Up-regulated during keratinization (PubMed:16007253). Up-regulated after 15 weeks estimated gestational age (EGA) (PubMed:17591952). Highly up-regulated by PPARG activators such as ciglitazone, troglitazone, and the PPARD activator GW 0742 in time- and dose-dependent manner but independently of keratinocyte differentiation. In addition, modestly up-regulated by the NR1H3 and NR1H2 activator TO901317 in an keratinocyte differentiation-independent manner (PubMed:17611579). Up-regulated by N-(hexanoyl)sphing-4-enine in a time- and dose-dependent manner or by glucosyltransferase inhibitors, ceramidase inhibitors and sphingomyelin synthase inhibitors that increase endogenous ceramide levels and induce ABCA12 expression via the PPARD signaling pathway (PubMed:19429679). Up-regulated by N-acetylsphingosine in a time- and dose-dependent manner via the PPARD signaling pathway (Probable)
Induced in G1 phase at low level, increased during G1-S phase and remain high during S and G2-M phase
By cytokines such as IL2 and IL3 (PubMed:10562326, PubMed:15199160, PubMed:16439675). In natural killer T cells, by alpha-galactoceramide (PubMed:16439675)
Upon photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) (e.g. light fluence) increase or after high-light pulse, and UV-B treatment. Accumulates in response to ozone fumigation, during recovery. Repressed by salt stress
Induced by salicylic acid and benzoic acid
Transcript abundance is low and expression levels are completely unaffected by desiccation or rehydratation (PubMed:23761966)
Expressed in zoospores (PubMed:15096512). Expressed during host infection (PubMed:15980196)
Up-regulated in suprabasal cell layers of embryonic and adult epidermis
Induced by LPS and zymosan in macrophages
By maltose and maltotriose (PubMed:10618490, PubMed:12210897, PubMed:8594329). Repressed by glucose (PubMed:10618490, PubMed:12210897, PubMed:8594329)
Expression is not affected by iron availability and is not regulated by the iron regulator sreA (PubMed:21622789)
Up-regulated by glucose in pancreatic beta-cell lines
Positively regulated by signaling through MPK1 in response to cell wall perturbation. Induced by heat shock and nitrogen starvation. Expression is also regulated by the ACE2 and SWI5 transcription factors
By oligogalacturonides and chitin (e.g. chito-octamer and crab-shell chitin CSC). Accumulates upon Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis infection, during both early and late stages of infection
By MYC
Up-regulated in response to changes in external osmolarity, low temperature, cytokinin (CK) treatment, and dehydration
Expression oscillates diurnally in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus as well as in peripheral tissues. In bladder smooth muscle cells, pancreas and lumbar spinal cord, exhibits night/day variations with a peak time at circadian time (CT) 4-12 and a trough at CT16-24
Not induced by manganese or zinc
Expression is induced by external glucose-6-phosphate through the UhpABC signaling cascade
Induced upon hyperosmotic conditions, resulting in an increase of its transport activity
By arsenite and arsenate ions, but not by CrO4(2-) or Fe(3+)
Up-regulated in the presence of cellulose and further up-regulated in the presence of both cellulose and xylan (PubMed:20937888). Up-regulated in pretreated yellow poplar (PYP)-grown cells (PubMed:24782837)
By vent2B downstream of bmp4
Circadian-regulation with peak levels occurring in the morning
Negatively regulated by microRNAs miR156
Expression is regulated by SidA
Expression is up-regulated during the infection stage of P.infestans with an increase to over 1900-fold when the sporangium and zoospore attach to plant tissue (PubMed:31234322). High expression levels are then maintained throughout the infection phase (PubMed:31234322)
Autoregulated. Repressed by H-NS. Induced by the DsrA small regulatory RNA, which inhibits the H-NS mediated transcriptional silencing
Induced by salt stress (PubMed:23148213, PubMed:26296956). Induced by cold stress, heat shock and abscisic acid (ABA) (PubMed:23148213). Induced by calcium and magnesium chloride, and osmotic shock (PubMed:26296956)
Highly expressed under conditions of Gibberellins (GAs) production, whereas the transcript level is very low in the growth phase (PubMed:11472927)
Expression of the argCJBD operon is regulated by ArgR. This binding is arginine dependent
Down-regulated upon starvation, by UV-irradiation and 15-lipoxygenase metabolites
By compounds that cause peroxisome proliferation such as clofibrate, tiadenol and fenofibrate
By salt stress and hydrogen peroxide
Induced by mannitol
Constitutively expressed. Up-regulated by fenofibrate
Up-regulated in cells treated with farnesol and grown at high cell density in N-acetyl-D-glucosamine medium. Expression is regulated by the general amino acid control response transcription factor GCN4
Up-regulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines
By endotoxins and cytokines. Induced by IFNG/IFN-gamma acting synergistically with bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), TNF or IL1B/interleukin-1 beta (PubMed:7528267, PubMed:7504305). Down-regulated by zinc due to inhibition of NF-kappa-B transactivation activity (PubMed:25180171). By oxidatively-modified low-densitity lipoprotein (LDL(ox)) (PubMed:25417112)
Induced by sucrose (PubMed:10220464). Induced by DCMU herbicide (PubMed:17671505). Induced by glucose (PubMed:19302419). Up-regulated by beta-aminobutyric acid (BABA) (PubMed:20484986). Induced by hypoxia following submergence (PubMed:22232383). Induced by salt and oxidative stresses (at the protein level) (PubMed:26471895)
By bacterial infection (at protein level) (PubMed:16510152). Induced as part of the humoral response to a bacterial invasion (PubMed:2390977). Transcripts appear within one hour after injection of bacteria into the hemocoel, reach a maximum after 2-6 hours and have almost disappeared after 24 hours (PubMed:2104802). Similar response is seen when flies ingest bacteria present in their food (PubMed:2104802). 8 hours after bacterial infection of embryos (2-6 hours after hatching), up-regulated in the larval epidermis and 16 h post-infection is up-regulated in the larval fat body (PubMed:11266367). Up-regulated in the larval fat body by injection of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), but not up-regulated in the epidermis (PubMed:11266367)
Induced by BasR (By similarity). Expression is significantly induced in the presence of zinc
Is induced in the post-exponential phase of growth
Induced by iron. Repressed by PerR. Negatively regulated by Fur. In addition, is regulated in a PerR-independent way under metal-depleted conditions
Induced by chitin. Levels are regulated in a proteasome-dependent manner (at proteome level)
Highly expressed during ammonium starvation under nitrate-rich conditions
By SHH signaling both in the head and in the trunk. On the left side in the head was also controlled by NODAL
Repressed by WOX3
Up-regulated by alamethicin, but not by herbivory
Up-regulated by high iron diet
By cyanide or metal-complexed cyanide complexes K(2)Ni(CN)(4) and K(4)Fe(CN)(6)
Induced when the bacterium is cultured on xylan or beta-glucan but not on medium containing mannan. Is repressed by glucose. Transcription of xyn11A occurs in early exponential phase, and thus earlier than transcription of xyn11B
In leaves by sulfate starvation. Up-regulated after treatment with zeatin, an exogenous cytokinin
In the presence of glutamate in the medium, the expression is reduced two-fold, at high potassium concentration (5 mM). In the absence of glutamate, the expression is about two-fold increased at the increased potassium concentration
By growth on olive oil or oleic acid; part of the lip-lifO (also called lipA-lipB) operon
Ty1-ER2 is a weakly expressed element. Induced under amino acid starvation conditions by GCN4
By nitric oxide, nitrite, and under oxygen-limited conditions
Transcription is inhibited by PotD precursor, probably only when excess amounts of PotD are produced
Repressed in keratinocytes by all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), via reduction of mRNA stability
Forms part of an operon with radA
Expression is up-regulated by the transcription factor RPN4
By abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene, salt, cold, dehydration and the monovalent and divalent cations Li(+), Na(+), K(+), Cs(+), Ca(2+) and Mg(2+)
Highly up-regulated during growth on D-threitol relative to growth on glycerol
Increases 2-fold from exponential to stationary phase (at protein level)
Up-regulated in B-cells by CD40 stimulation and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (at protein level)
Induced slowly by Pseudomonas syringae p.v. maculicola ES4326 and by microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) such as flg22 in both local and systemic leaves
By interleukin-1
By inflammatory cytokines such as TNF, IFNG/IFN-gamma, IL6/interleukin-6 and by pathological conditions such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Up-regulated in atherosclerotic lesions, by oxLDL, reactive oxygen species and fluid shear stress, suggesting that it may participate in amplification of oxLDL-induced vascular dysfunction
Part of the dgoRKADT operon, which encodes proteins for the metabolism of D-galactonate (PubMed:30455279). Negatively regulated by DgoR (PubMed:30455279). Expression is induced in the presence of D-galactonate (PubMed:30455279)
Down-regulated in mice with acute myeloid leukemias induced by either PML-RAR or AML1-ETO fusion oncoproteins
Circadian-regulation. Peak of transcript abundance near subjective dawn. Up-regulated transiently by red light and far red light
Highly up-regulated in the ciliated epithelia of embryonic skin during the developmental window of centriole biogenesis. Expression is probably activated by mcidas/mcin
Unlike E.coli or S.typhimurium both OmpC and OmpF porins are expressed constitutively, i.e. at both high and low osmolarity, under control of OmpR (at protein level)
Strongly induced by blue light (PubMed:9055819). Triggered by red light in etiolated seedlings; this induction is reversed by far-red light (PubMed:9055819)
Expression increased up to 3-fold by hypoxic stress in vascular endothelial cells
By blood feeding. Expression is most important during the early stage of feeding
Part of the yhcYZ-yhdA operon that is induced by the two-component regulatory system LiaS/LiaR in response to cell envelope stress
Circadian regulation with a peak in the middle of the light period
(Microbial infection) Down-regulated by HIV-1 VPU protein. Antagonizes its function by targeting it to the trans-Golgi network, sequestering it away from virus assembly sites on the cell membrane. VPU also acts as an adapter molecule linking it to BTRC, a substrate recognition subunit of the Skp1/Cullin/F-box protein E3 ubiquitin ligase, inducing its ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation
(Microbial infection) Down-regulated by HIV-2 ENV protein. Antagonizes its function by targeting it to the trans-Golgi network, sequestering it away from virus assembly sites on the cell membrane
(Microbial infection) Down-regulated by KSHV K5 protein. K5 ubiquitinates it leading to its targeting to late endosomes and degradation
(Microbial infection) Down-regulated by ebola virus GP protein
(Microbial infection) Made inactive by SARS-CoV ORF7a protein through impairing proper glycosylation (PubMed:26378163). May be down-regulated by SARS-CoV Spike protein through lysosomal degradation pathway (PubMed:31199522)
Upon neuron differentiation
Expression is controlled by RTG1 and is down-regulated during mating process, yeast-to-hyphal transition, and in presence of benomyl, amphotericin B, and caspofungin
Regulated by the cell cycle. High levels in S, G(2) and M phases, with highest level in S phase. Low expression in G(0) and G(1) phases
Up-regulated in aged mice (4 months of age or older)
Up-regulated by NGN2 and ATOH7. Down-regulated by HES1
By heat shock, bile salts stress and other stress conditions
In granulosa-like cells, up-regulated at transcript and protein levels under oxidative stress and heat-shock conditions. Down-regulated by SIRT1
By hypoxia and deferoxamine
Accumulates according to a robust circadian rhythm in liver and kidney. In liver nuclei, the amplitude of daily oscillation has been estimated to be 9-fold. Expressed at nearly constant level in the brain
Circadian-regulation. Up-regulated during the day (at protein level)
Up-regulated during sexual maturation and dowm-regulated by experimental cryptorchidism and heat stress
Induced by P.aeruginosa infection
Expression activated by ComK (PubMed:11918817)
Expressed from 2 promoters, 1 of which (trxBp1) is under control of SigR, and further transiently induced (about 50-fold) by the thiol-oxidizing agent diamide. Part of the trxB-trxA operon
Expression oscillates in a circadian manner in the aortic smooth muscle cells (at protein level)
Expression is repressed by iron (PubMed:21062375). Expression is induced by the zinc cluster transcription factor acuM to stimulate expression of genes involved in both reductive iron assimilation and siderophore-mediated iron uptake (PubMed:20941352)
Up-regulated in skeletal muscle in response to high-fat diet
Its expression is markedly up-regulated upon cell exposure to oxidative stress. Is also significantly induced (3.5-fold) when H.pylori cells are in contact with macrophages
Induced by cold shock (PubMed:12399512). Constitutively expressed at 37 and 16 degrees Celsius in rich and minimal medium and in exponential, transition and stationary phase (at protein level) (PubMed:20572937, PubMed:23175651). Protein level not increased at 16 degrees Celsius (at protein level) (PubMed:20572937)
Induced by phosphate starvation
Induced by the crown rust fungus Puccinia coronata and the phytotoxin victorin
Transcriptionally regulated by GL2 (PubMed:12775839). Up-regulated by phosphate limitation (PubMed:16384909)
By ER stress in an xbp-1-dependent manner (PubMed:24933177). By aging (PubMed:32905769)
Expression is induced by RpoS during carbon starvation and at stationary phase. Is also regulated by cAMP-CRP. Repressed by CsiR. Makes part of the operon glaH-lhgD-gabDTP
Regulated by GCN4 and induced in response to amino acid starvation
Up-regulated during folliculogenesis
Expressed at the early exponential growth phase, decreases through exponential phase and reaches a steady-state level at post-exponential phase. Repressed by MgrA and SarA. Activated by Rot and SarT. Transcription is also dependent on SigA and SigB factors. Is activated by SigB in strains harboring an intact sigB operon (rsbU, rsbV, rsbW, and sigB)
Not induced by injection with the beta-1,3-glucan curdlan or the shrimp pathogen V.harveyi
Not induced by stress conditions such as heat, glucose deprivation or treatment with the glycosylation inhibitor tunicamycin
In the following growth conditions: acidic pH, absence of nitrogen or carbon source
By auxin and sucrose in primary root apical region. By wounding in leaves
Circadian-regulation with peak levels occurring at the end of the light period in flowers (PubMed:26124104). Triggered by EOBI in flowers (PubMed:23275577)
By iron deficiency (at protein level)
By interferons. Virus replication in higher vertebrates is restrained by IFNs that cause cells to transcribe genes encoding antiviral proteins, such as 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetases (OASs). oligoadenylate synthetase is stimulated by dsRNA to produce 5'-phosphorylated, 2'-5'-linked oligoadenylates (2-5A), whose function is to activate RNASEL
By senescence, abscisic acid (ABA), acifluorfen, salt and cadmium (PubMed:21210840). Induced by copper (PubMed:18676621, PubMed:21210840). Induced by butafenacil (PubMed:22998587). Induced in dark-grown etiolated shoot (PubMed:22747959). Induced by UV-C (PubMed:24035516)
Expression is positively regulated by the trichothecene cluster-specific transcription activator TRI10 (PubMed:12732543). Expression is induced between 18h and 21h growth on GYEP medium (PubMed:16347944). The initial detection of trichothecenes occurs several hours after the initial detection of TRI5 (PubMed:16347944). The initiation of trichothecene biosynthesis occurs with a high concentration of glucose remaining in the culture medium (PubMed:16347944)
By IFNG and LPS in macrophages. By IL2 in natural killer cells and cytotoxic T-cells
Regulated by heavy metal stress, wounding, and virus infection
Induced in bone marrow-derived macrophages by CSF2 and particulate beta-glucan
Selectively up-regulated in neoplastic and replicating cells
Rapidly up-regulated in response to the cytokine IL2
Negatively regulated by microRNA miR156
Accumulates strongly following fungal elicitation (e.g. Fusarium spp., C.heterostrophus, F.verticillioides, R.microsporus and A.parasiticus)
Down-regulated by parathyroid hormone (PTH)
By gibberellin (Ref.2, PubMed:15604699). Induced by cold stress (Ref.2, PubMed:15604699, PubMed:26681628). Down-regulated by brassinosteroid, abscisic acid (ABA), and drought or cold stresses (PubMed:15604699)
By polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)
By salt shock
Up-regulated in visual cortex during the second postnatal week from dark-reared animals (at protein level). Down-regulated in visual cortex by active visual experience until postnatal day P40 of dark-reared animals (PubMed:18708127). Down-regulated by chronic action potential activity deprivation in organotypic culture of the visual cortex (PubMed:18775767)
Shows no clear circadian oscillation pattern in testis, cerebellum nor liver. In skeletal muscle, under constant darkness and 12 hours light:12 hours dark conditions, levels peak between ZT6 and ZT9
The expression is subject to photoinduction (PubMed:15133714). Expression is slightly induced after 2 h incubation at 42 degrees Celsius (PubMed:15133714)
Part of the rapC-phrC operon, which is controlled by the P1 promoter (PubMed:10464187). Transcription from the P1 promoter is activated by high cell density through the phosphorylated form of ComA (PubMed:10464187). PhrC is part of an autoregulatory loop, and it positively regulates its own expression (PubMed:10464187). In addition, transcription of phrC is also regulated by a P2 promoter, which directs transcription of phrC only and is controlled by the sigma-H factor (PubMed:10464187)
By the Agr/RNAIII system
Up-regulated by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress triggered by thapsigargin or tunicamycin
By anaerobic stress. By hypoxia in the roots (at protein level). Up-regulated by NUC/IDD8
Expression within the newly arising sepals is repressed via the PINOID auxin-response pathway
Repressed by H-NS. Activated by insertion of a variety of IS elements into a region extending from -145 to +13 relative to the transcription start site. IS elements essentially eliminate the H-NS-mediated silencing, but also stimulate ade expression 2-3 fold independently of the H-NS protein
Transiently up-regulated by retinoic acid
Up-regulated in both the nucleus and the cytosol of B cells stimulated to switch
Induced 1.5-fold by hydroxyurea (PubMed:20005847). A shorter isoform, beta* is induced by UV treatment and also at low levels in late logarithmic/early stationary phase growth (at protein level) (PubMed:8576210). Beta* transcription induced by naldixic acid (PubMed:8576211)
Up-regulation during myogenesis is inhibited by cAMP, 3-aminobenzamide and sodium butyrate. Expression in myoblasts is unaffected by X-rays and UV light
By infection with B.cinerea
YAP1 expression is at least partially regulated at the level of translation. A small upstream open reading frame (uORF) retains the 40S ribosomal subunit. By leaky scanning it then proceeds and reinitiates at the functional YAP1 ORF
In roots by B.japonicum
By drought stress, but not by abscisic acid
Induced by abscisic acid (ABA), dehydration and wounding
By oleic acid, methanol or D-alanine
Transcriptionally regulated by POU5F1/OCT4 in embryonic stem cells and embryonal carcinoma cells. Induced by TGF-beta during regulatory T-cells differentiation (PubMed:32644293)
Up-regulated in monocytes and dendritic cells (DC) undergoing maturation or activation
Is expressed during the late stationary phase of growth. Is down-regulated by SinR
By copper deprivation and repressed by copper excess
In leaves by pathogenic bacteria
Repressed by ozone
By methyl viologen, and under conditions of iron or nitrogen stress
Up-regulated under phosphate (Pi) starvation in lamina joint cells (PubMed:19566645, PubMed:19000161, PubMed:29610209). Up-regulated during cold stress (PubMed:19508276). Under negative feedback regulation by PHO2 (PubMed:20149131). Up-regulated by the transcription factor PHR2 (PubMed:25271318)
In complex media, expression is negatively regulated by Hfq and the small non-translated RNA GcvB (PubMed:19118351). Hfq is required for the GcvB effect (PubMed:19118351)
Expression is down-regulated during macrophage differentiation of M1 cells
Up-regulated by acetate or palmitate but down-regulated by glucose
By nitrate under anaerobic conditions
By DNA-damaging agents
The promoter contains a 368 bp region, the HWP1 control region (HCR), which is target of transcription factors and is critical for activation under hypha-inducing conditions. Expression is positively regulated by BCR1, EFG1, FLO8, GPA2, GPR1, MSS11, RBF1, and RFG1; and negatively regulated by NRG1 and TUP1. Transcription is induced in an adhesion-dependent manner and in presence of human serum or hemoglobin. Expression is down-regulated by hypoxic conditions, allicine, ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (EDTA), farnesol, linalool, riccardin D, purpurin, filastatin, phorbasin H, Ocimum sanctum essential oil (OSEO), as well as many substances belonging to chemical classes such as methyl aryl-oxazoline carboxylates, dihydrobenzo-d-isoxazolones, and thiazolo-4,5-e-benzoisoxazoles. Moreover, the competitors Saccharomyces boulardii or Streptococcus mutans secrete respectively capric acid and trans-2-decenoic acid (SDSF) which also suppress HWP1 expression
Expression is highly induced in the dark
The last gene of the probable mtrEDCBAFGH operon
By growth on ester-enriched corn oligosaccharides
Not induced by trehalose
Induced by estrogen (17beta-estradiol)
Expressed under CO(2) and H(2) autotrophic, but not under heterotrophic growth conditions
Gradually induced by thiol-oxidant diamide, under (probably indirect) control of SigR
By IFNG/IFN-gamma. A diverse population of cell types rapidly increases transcription of mRNA encoding this protein. This suggests that gamma-induced protein may be a key mediator of the IFNG/IFN-gamma response
Expression is osmoregulated in renal medullary cells
Up-regulated by jasmonate
By ethylene and infection with rice blast fungus (M.grisea)
Induced by low iron concentrations
Up-regulated by auxin (PubMed:23922907).Down-regulated by endoplasmic reticulum stress treatment (PubMed:24180465)
Induced in cell culture by yeast extract, an elicitor for medicarpin induction
By nerve growth factor; isoform 2 is induced in adrenal tumor cells 2 hours after exposure, levels are down-regulated 24 hours after treatment
Expression is inhibited by TGFB1
By iron limitation and stationary growth phase
Increases in mild (0.5 mM) hydrogen peroxide stress, and decreases in stronger (1 mM) hydrogen peroxide stress
Isoform C4ppdkZm1 is light-inducible
Up-regulated by P53 (at protein and mRNA level) under both stressed and non-stressed conditions
In response to oxidative stress
Highly up-regulated during 3T3-L1 cell differentiation into adipocytes. In vivo, down-regulated by fasting in both white and brown adipose tissues. Reduced in white adipose tissue in obese animals
By extensive retinoic acid treatment, in Ntera-2 teratoma cell line induced to differentiate into post-mitotic neurons (NTN2) (at protein level)
By radiation, 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13 acetate (TPA), okadaic acid, TNF and NUPR1
Induced in roots by Nod factors and infection of the microsymbiont Sinorhizobium meliloti
Induced via CAP1 during oxitive stress, as well as during biofilm formation
Weakly cell cycle regulated, peaking in S phase
Expression is down-regulated during fruiting body formation (PubMed:24942908)
Not induced upon virus infection
Expression is controlled by the transcription factor ACE2
Expression is highly induced by the V-ATPase inhibitor bafilomycin B1 (PubMed:22222772). Expression is also increased by the anti-fungal factor phenyllactic acid (PLA) (PubMed:24229396)
Up-regulated in local wound tissue 5-7 days after surgical incision
Down-regulated after exposure to far-red light. Subject to a negative feedback regulation by PHYA signaling
Part of the metY operon that extends to pnp (PubMed:2849753)
Transcription is controlled by the phosphorus-acquisition regulatory system
In late stationary phase, by phosphate-starvation conditions
In arteries 3 days after injury. Expression continues to increase until day 7 after injury and decreases slightly by day 14
Expression is regulated in an oxygen-dependent manner
Up-regulated by abscisic acid treatment, and by cold, osmotic and salt stress
Not induced by salicylic acid or wounding
Induced by LEC2 but repressed by MYB118
By limonene and carveol
Regulated by the circadian clock at warm growth temperatures as direct targets of CCA1, with highest levels from noon to dusk (PubMed:19566593, PubMed:27837007, PubMed:27990760). Repressed by CCA1 at the transcription level via chromatin binding and in a temperature-dependent way (PubMed:27837007, PubMed:19566593, PubMed:27990760). 6 hours after inoculation with the yellow strain of cucumber mosaic virus [CMV(Y)], strongly induced in resistant cultivars (cv. C24) but repressed in sensitive cultivars (cv. Columbia) (PubMed:15111722). Strongly induced by abscisic acid (ABA) (PubMed:17304219). Rapidly induced by cold, but in a circadian rythm-dependent manner and regulated by CCA1 (PubMed:19566593, PubMed:27837007). Transcription is repressed by blue and red lights, but induced by darkness; by contrast, present at low levels in darkness but accumulates in blue light (at protein level) due to transcription auto-repression (PubMed:27837007)
Up-regulated by IL6
Induced in late G1 and early S phase of the cell cycle
Constitutively expressed. Not induced during tissue inflammation. Down-regulated in the absence of PTGES
Up-regulated by hydrogen peroxide (at protein level)
Induced by mannitol, NaCl, drought, as well exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) application
Expressed specifically during appressorium formation
Positively regulated by cell integrity signaling through MPK1 in response to cell wall perturbation. Induction is dependent on transcription factor RLM1 (By similarity)
Down-regulated 6 hours following staurosporine (STS) treatment and up-regulated 24 hours following STS treatment. Up-regulated 6 hours following beta-carotene treatment, returning to its basal level 24 hours following beta-carotene treatment
By exposition to pheromone (A-factor) secreted by the opposite mating type cells (type A)
Expression was detected 4h after the initiation of spore germination and during mycelial growth
Induced by low potassium, zeatin and cold stress. Down-regulated by high potassium treatment
Expressed at 30 minutes post-infection during the period that most rickettsiae escape from phagosomal vacuoles into the host cytosol
Down-regulated in gastric cancer cells
By CHR12
TF expression is highly dependent upon cell type. TF can also be induced by the inflammatory mediators interleukin 1 and TNF-alpha, as well as by endotoxin, to appear on monocytes and vascular endothelial cells as a component of cellular immune response
Treatment with IFNB1/IFN-beta and IFNG/IFN-gamma show an increase in number and size of CALCOCO2-specific dots and partial redistribution to the cytoplasm (PubMed:7540613). IFNG/IFN-gamma increases gene expression only slightly and IFNB does not increase expression (PubMed:9230084)
In response to sciatic nerve injury
Repressed by ammonium
Repressed by MYB44. Induced by low temperature, drought, high salt, abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene
Weakly induced by arachidonic acid
Induced by wounding and heat
Differential expression between transcripts and proteins. Induced transiently by cold and hydrogen peroxide H(2)O(2) treatments despite stable transcript level (at protein level)
Transcriptionally activated by the EnvZ/OmpR regulatory system. Strongly stimulated under anaerobic conditions through an OmpR-independent mechanism
Most highly expressed in the transient phase between exponential and stationary growth. A further 2-fold induction occurs in secG or secG/secY2 disruption mutants
Induced upon nitrogen starvation. Repressed by ammonium ions. 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine and L-azaserine are irreversible inhibitors whereas serine-borate is a reversible inhibitor
Autoregulated by feedback control of mRNA degradation (PubMed:31727855). In excess of soluble tubulin, TTC5/STRAP cofactor triggers co-translation degradation of tubulin mRNA (PubMed:31727855)
Up-regulated by IFNG in macrophages. Down-regulated by IL4 in macrophages
Induced by TNF through the activation of the NFKB pathway
The distal promoter mediates the miconazole response whereas the proximal promoter (-345/+1) contains all the regulatory domains required for its induction by various other stresses. The promoter also contains a steroid responsive region (SRR) conferring beta-oestradiol and progesterone inducibility. Transcription is positively regulated by NCB2, NTD80 and TAC1 and repressed by FCR1. Expression is up-regulated during biofilm development, by heat-shock, and by benomyl, doxorubicin, miconazole, vinblastine, adriamycin, fluphenazine, cycloheximide, calcofluor, canavanine, 5'-fluorcytosine, cilofungin and caffeine. Expression is repressed by serum and inhibited by tetrandrine. Transcription is also reduced during in vitro fluconazole exposure but in the postexposure period, the mRNA abundance increases
By IL6/interleukin-6 and IL8//interleukin-8
Induced by RpoS in response to multiple stress conditions, including shifts to acidic pH, nitrogen limitation or high osmolarity as well as starvation or stationary phase (PubMed:14731280). Induced by gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA) (PubMed:7011797)
Up-regulated in antigen-presenting cells in response to inflammation. Induced in dendritic cells in response to IFNG, poly(I:C) or heat-killed Listeria monocytogenes (at protein level)
By treatment with atrazine
Regulated by Six1 and FGFs in inner ear
By exogenous cAMP
Is weakly repressed by THZ and not at all by thiamine
Induced by nitrogen-limited conditions
By light, drought, salt, cold and wounding. Up-regulated by glucose, but not by sucrose or fructose
Slightly induced by NH(4)Cl and NH(4)NO(3) (PubMed:16120687). Induced in shoots after nitrogen (N-deprivation) deprivation. In roots, first transiently repressed but later induced by N-deprivation (PubMed:19430792). Induced by alkali stress (PubMed:22655071). Up-regulated by salt stress in old leaves (PubMed:23082824). Activated by IDD10 in the presence of NH(4)+ ions (PubMed:23278238, PubMed:23470720). Induced by cold stress (i.e. 10 degrees Celsius) (PubMed:26230579)
Expression is repressed by the transcriptional regulator VspR (PubMed:22500802). Part of the CBASS operon consisting of capV-dncV-cap2-cap3 (Probable)
Weakly induced (up to 5-fold) by infection with phytopathogenic fungi like R.solanum, F.culmorum and B.cinerea
Expression is regulated by the two-component regulatory system SsrA/SsrB. Induced after bacterial entry into host cell
By phosphate starvation (at protein level) (PubMed:12596240, PubMed:6436026). Different strains have widely differing amounts of protein that can be sheared from the cell surface, in order of decreasing quantities MDR25 >> MDR1 > PAO1 > MDR13 (PubMed:18282104)
Constitutively expressed at very low levels
Forms part of an operon with lodB
By transcription factors AFT1 and AFT2 in response to iron deficiency
Heat-shock stress up-regulated mRNA expression of isoform 10 and isoform 11. Heat-shock stress down-regulated short N-terminal mRNA expression of isoform 2, isoform 4, isoform 6 and isoform 9
Down-regulated in activated leukocytes recruited to a site of inflammation
Expression is negatively regulated by laeA
Ty1-OL is a weakly expressed element. Induced under amino acid starvation conditions by GCN4
Up-regulated in response to influenza virus A infection
Down-regulated by miR-430 in somatic cells. Down-regulation is relieved by dnd that acts by protecting the 3'-UTR of tdrd7 from miR-430-mediated RNA deadenylation
Down-regulated by pathogen. Up-regulated by light
Conditions for carbon-, nitrogen-, or phosphorus-starvations lead to very low expression (PubMed:16262793). Increase in pH results in gradual reduction of the gene expression (PubMed:16262793)
Up-regulated by endocannabinoid anandamide/AEA (PubMed:21987372, PubMed:23955712). Down-regulated by IL1B (PubMed:23955712). Up-regulated in the liver of animals on a high-fat diet compared to regular diet (PubMed:15864349, PubMed:21987372)
Induced by infection with the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae (PubMed:17380428, Ref.6). Induced by hydrogen peroxide, osmotic stress and drought stress (PubMed:17380428)
Binds to its own promoter and probably autoregulates its expression
Upon potassium K(+) and iron deprivation. Induced in leaf blades in low light intensities. Seems repressed by ethylene. Accumulates in response to very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs C20:0 to C30:0). Induced in roots by nitric oxide (NO)
By bmp4. Suppressed by gsc, acting in a negative cross-regulatory loop
By hypoxia or ER stress
Expression is regulated by various nitrogen sources
Induced when cells are grown in human macrophages (THP-1 macrophage cell line) (PubMed:22375954)
Up-regulated upon milbemycin A3 oxim derivative (A3Ox) treatment. Expression is also regulated by CWT1
Induced in sinus, lung and brain tissue in response to 3-hydroxybutyric acid (BHB)-induced acidosis (PubMed:27159390). Induced in sinus, lung and brain tissue following intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin to produce a mouse model of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) (PubMed:20484814)
By the X.oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) transcription activator-like effector (TALe) protein pthXo1 and, possibly, AvrXa7
Essentially constitutive during exponential and early stationary phases, decreases in late stationary phase. 3-fold induced by starvation, 3-fold by cumene hydroperoxide and 5-fold by diamide (oxidzing agents), 15-fold induced by SDS, 200-fold by heat shock. Repressed by SDS and diamide. Not induced by hypoxia, NO, cAMP or in mouse infection, slightly repressed in macrophage infection
Positively regulated by LysG in the presence of lysine or histidine
Expressed variably in vitro in strain B31; detected in immunocompetent infected mice at 10 days post-infection but not after 17 days (PubMed:11854355). Not expressed in the tick midgut of unfed ticks, expressed in tick midgut following feeding on mice (at protein level). The change in expression is at least partially due to a temperature shift, expressed in vitro at 37 but not 24 degrees Celsius (at protein level) (PubMed:7708747). More highly expressed at pH 7.0 than pH 8.0 in vitro (at protein level) (PubMed:14970347). Transcripts are most abundant 7 days post-infection in infected mice, but continue to be expressed for at least 21 days. They are found at varying levels in the tissues tested (heart, inguinal lymph node, bladder, tibiotarsal joint and skin at the injection site) where they vary over the course of the experiment (PubMed:27611840)
Acetate induction mediated by the amdA regulatory gene
In culture expression is high during early log phase (1 hour), decreases and then rises again in late stationary phase (16 hours). During infection of mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) expression is maximal after 2 hours, when the bacteria is expected to be in the phagosome
By SOS response. A member of the dinB-yafNOP operon (PubMed:12813093). Induced by hydroxyurea (PubMed:20005847)
By mechanical stimuli and aphid infestation, but not by jasmonate, salicylic acid, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) ou auxin (IAA)
Induced by IFN-alpha and IL12/interleukin-12 in natural killer (NK) cells and T-cells
Expression is regulated by the peptide content of the growth media
By leucine and by growth in rich medium (PubMed:3129404, PubMed:19429622). Repressed by LeuO. Part of the sdaCB operon (PubMed:19429622)
Expression is tightly regulated during the cell cycle; levels are low in G1 and S phase and increase during G2 phase and mitosis
Not induced by IR
Accumulates by 4 hours post-innoculation and into stationary phase in rich media; maximum expression occurs at 6 hours (PubMed:18948176). Low expression early in rich and minimal medium, higher expression after. The antitoxin antisense RNA SR4 is constitutively expressed at a constant level in all growth conditions and media tested. bsrG mRNA levels decrease rapidly upon 48 degrees Celsius heat shock (PubMed:22229825, PubMed:26802042). SR4 RNA not only base pairs with bsrG mRNA promoting its degradation, but also inhibits its translation as it sequesters the Shine-Dalgarno sequence (PubMed:23969414)
By high pressure at 500 MPa for 1 minute
Transcripts are more abundant in biofilm cells than in planktonic cells
Induced by dark
Up-regulated by cystine
Induced by oleic acid and stearic acid, but not by linoleic acid
Up-regulated under conditions that enhance triacylglycerol deposition, including rosiglitazone treatment and high-fat diet (PubMed:18509062, PubMed:20089860). This up-regulation is mediated by PPARG (PubMed:20089860). Up-regulated by isoproterenol, a beta-agonist, and oleic acid treatment (PubMed:20089860). This induction is due to protein stabilization (PubMed:20089860). Down-regulated upon hypertonic conditions (PubMed:23233732)
Differentially regulated in the ectoderm and neuroectoderm by notch and neurog2/ngnr1
Transcribed during aerial hyphae formation on minimal medium, about 10- to 25-fold lower expression than the short chaplins. Weak expression in aerial hyphae (at protein level) (Probable). Very low expression on rich medium, unaffected by ECF sigma factor BldN (PubMed:12832397)
Expression is inducible by fluconazole (PubMed:21408004). Expression is positively regulated by the master transcriptional regulator PDR1 which probably binds the PDRE motifs TCCACGGA (positions -770 to -763) and TCCGTGGA (positions -740 to -733) of its promoter (PubMed:21408004, PubMed:25199772, PubMed:29648590)
Induced at very late stage of sporulation
Up-regulated by ischemia/hypoxia and reperfusion (IR) injury in the left ventricle (at protein level) (PubMed:25581518). Up-regulated during adipocyte differentiation (at protein level) (PubMed:15378209)
By water stress and abscisic acid (ABA) during the cold acclimation process
Up-regulated in cultures grown in iron-depleted media and upon hydrogen peroxide stress, but is not induced by other stress
Induced by vernalization in a FLC-independent manner. Repressed by the floral homeotic genes AP1, LFY and SEP3 in emerging floral meristems to establish a floral identity and prevent inflorescence fate. Up-regulated at the shoot apex by SOC1
Expression depends of ambient pH (higher at high pHs and lower at low pHs), probably under the regulation of the pacC transcription factor
Up-regulated by high sucrose and by low phosphate stresses
By paraquat, drought and high salinity
Induced by mitomycin C, bleocin and gamma-irradiation
NifA transcriptional activity seems to be controlled by both the general nitrogen regulatory (ntr) system and the O(2)-regulatory (FNR) system
By wounding and cold stress. Weakly induced by acclimation and strongly induced by chilling treatment
5-fold by phosphate starvation, part of the pstS3-pstC2-pstA1 operon
Up-regulated in response to DNA damage
Up-regulated under conditions of iron depletion or oxidative stress, via IscR. Is also induced by heat shock or the presence of misfolded proteins
Expression is significantly induced at 4 degrees Celsius and at 37 degrees Celsius compared to the control which was maintained at 25 degrees Celsius. There is a dramatic increase every 5 hours of each temperature treatment suggesting that over-expression is a cell response to inhibit programmed cell death by external temperature stimulus
Strongly up-regulated during stem elongation
Part of the focA-pflB operon, which is induced anaerobically (PubMed:16849787). Transcription of the operon is restricted to the exponential phase of growth (PubMed:16849787). Expression is subject to complex transcriptional and post-transcriptional control (PubMed:16849787). The tight coupling between FocA and PflB synthesis ensures adequate substrate delivery to the appropriate formate dehydrogenase (FDH) (PubMed:23335413)
Low transient up-regulation by nitrate both in shoots and roots. Very low induction by growth on low nitrate concentration, but strong induction in mutant with disruption in both NRT21. and NRT2.2. However, this overexpression could not restore the nitrate influx
Down-regulated during filament induction and in response to serum at 37 degrees Celsius. Expression of NRG1 is also repressed by RIM101 and under conditions that repress CDC28 expression. The bacterial signaling molecules indole and its derivate indole-3-acetonitrile (IAN) increase NRG1 expression
Down-regulated in response to zinc ion contamination and in response to mixed metal ion contamination (cadmium, copper, lead and zinc)
Induced in response to Gram-positive bacterium P.aeruginosa infection and to mitochondrial stress in the intestine (PubMed:25274306). Induced in response to Gram-positive bacterium B.thuringiensis (B-18247) infection (PubMed:21931778)
In light/dark cycles, increases in the dark phase and decreases in the light (at protein level). Rapidly degraded in the presence of the quinone analogs DBMIB (2,5-dibromo-3-methyl-6-isopropyl-p-benzoquinone) and DCBQ (2,5-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone), artifical electron acceptors for photosystem II that reduce the plastoquinone pool (PubMed:17088557, PubMed:15775978). Oxidized but not reduced DBMIB leads to protein degradation (at protein level) (PubMed:20231482). Low constant protein levels in the absence of ldpA (PubMed:15775978)
Reduced oxygen levels
Up-regulated by the erythroid transcription factor GATA1 (PubMed:26968549)
By xylose
The gene is located in the idnDOTR operon, which is involved in L-idonate metabolism (PubMed:9658018). Up-regulated by 5-keto-D-gluconate (PubMed:17088549)
Regulated by darkness and by a circadian rhythm
Expressed during exponential and post-exponential growth, it is slightly more highly expressed at 37 than 28 degrees Celsius and is more highly induced on solid medium
Induced by elicitor peptides elf18 and flg22, by the fungus B.graminis hordei and by the bacterium P.syringae
Induced by all-trans-retinoic acid (at transcriptional level)
Up-regulated upon infection with oxalate-producing fungal pathogens
Up-regulated in breast, uterus, colon, ovary, and stomach tumors. Induced in breast cancer cells overexpressing NCOA3 or treated with estrogen. Down-regulated in 5-fluorouracil-resistant derivatives of the colon cancer cell line HCT 116
Up-regulated in shoots by cold, heat, salicylic acid and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC). Down-regulated in shoots by mannitol, abscisic acid, kinetin, benzylaminopurine, indole-3-acetic acid and gibberellic acid. Up-regulated in roots by clod, salt, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, ACC and benzylaminopurine. Down-regulated in roots by indole-3-acetic acid and gibberellic acid
BMC production is induced by growth on 1,2-PD vitamin B12 medium (PubMed:10498708). By either propanediol or glycerol (PubMed:1312999)
By Cu(2+)
Expression is first activated after the gastrula stage of development
Up-regulated by endoplasmic reticulum stress and CREB3
Significantly increased expression by estrogen. Up-regulated after 1 hour of exposure to estrogen. Expression persists through 72 hours
By respiratory syncytial virus/RSV (PubMed:32611756). HA-28 antigen is expressed after induction by inflammatory cytokines
Activated by cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP)
Down-regulated after peripheral nerve injury
By exposure to pheromone
Stimulated in roots by jasmonic acid (MeJa) in a dose-dependent manner
Down-regulated by IL1-beta in neonatal cardiac myocytes
No effect of antimycin A, ethylene or cold treatments
By auxin. By light
Addition of glucose or sawdust induces a small and progressive increase at 2, 4 and 6 days, and a significant increase of the expression level at 8 days (PubMed:31571106). Expression decreases 12 to 24 h after infection of Castanea sativa roots and increases again at 36 h, suggesting the existence of a complex mechanism of defense/attack interaction between the pathogen and the host (PubMed:31571106)
By TGFB1. Induction requires ALK5 kinase activity and SMAD3
Induced by drought stress, acifluorfen and cadmium (PubMed:23053415). Induced by jasmonate (JA) (PubMed:11332734)
Induced by interferons alpha and beta. Weaker induction was seen with interferon gamma. Increased expression was seen at the transcriptional level
HSP SSA4 expression is restricted to conditions of stress
Expression induced during programmed cell death evoked in neuronal cells by NGF-depletion
Induced by LeuO, part of the mdtNO operon
Induced by the two-component regulatory system YpdA/YpdB in response to pyruvate (PubMed:23222720). Regulated at post-transcriptional level by CsrA (PubMed:24659770)
Induced by E2F transcription factors in G1
Highly up-regulated in neuroblastostoma cells by retinoic acid treatment inducing neurite outgrowth
By oxidative stress and cold treatment
Not regulated by the circadian clock
By formaldehyde and methylgloxal, under the control of AdhR. Encoded in an operon with yraA
Expressed constitutively. Not induced by fungal elicitor
Expression is regulated by neuronal activity (PubMed:18815592). Induced in excitatory neurons specifically upon calcium influx (PubMed:18815592). Induced in the lateral nucleus of the amygdala in a learning-dependent manner (at protein level) (PubMed:21887312)
By heat shock. Can thereby reach physiological protein levels high enough to promote prion-formation
Up-regulated by type-I and type-II interferons
Induced by trans-3-hydroxy-L-proline (T3LHyp), D-proline and D-lysine, but not by trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline (T4LHyp) and by cis-4-hydroxy-D-proline (C4DHyp)
Up-regulated by insulin in differentiated cultured adipocytes
Is expressed in bacteria grown axenically (7H9 medium) and inside macrophages
Accumulates in pollen tube 4 hours after pollen germination
Weakly induced by acrylate and dimethylsulfonioproprionate (DMSP). Part of the acuR-acuI-dddL operon
Up-regulated during growth factor-induced branching tubulogenesis
Up-regulated by Wnt signaling
Expressed in cells (at protein level). Part of an operon including SpyM3_0658 and probably SpyM3_0659
Up-regulated in imbibed dormant seeds
More highly transcribed in logarithmic than stationary phase. Protein is not detected in bacteria growing in culture but is detected upon infection of mice (at protein level)
Induced by growth on ethanol plus succinate
Up-regulated during phosphate starvation
Induced by the protein kinase A (PKA) which is activated during culmination. This leads to the expression of srfA in prespore cells
Up-regulated during acute colitis induced by injection of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)
By HBxAg. Up-regulated in gastric cancer tissues and also in gastric cancer cell lines (at protein level)
Down-regulated by mitogens
Induced during infection; levels are increased during germ tube and appressorium differentiation, and during penetration
Down-regulated by methyl jasmonate and by infection with an incompatible isolate of a necrotrophic fungal pathogen
Up-regulated upon exposure to O(2) (at mRNA and protein levels). Repressed by PerR
Not regulated by increases in total cholesterol content, or by marked alterations in cholesterol flux
Ty1-BL is a highly expressed element. Induced under amino acid starvation conditions by GCN4
Transcriptionally regulated by glucose and activated by the HAP2 and HAP3 proteins
Transcript levels are increased at least twofold by tunicamycin and Congo red. Both MSB2 and CEK1 are required to down-regulate PMT1 transcript levels in cells with intact glycostructures
Transcription is induced in the intracellular environment and is dependent on the SsrA/SsrB system
Follow a free-running robust circadian rhythm, with higher levels during the light phase. Rapidly induced by light in etiolated plants. Up-regulated by white light. Rapid degradation after red light exposure (at protein level). Accumulates to high levels in the dark, is selectively degraded in response to red light and remains at high levels under shade-mimicking conditions
Up-regulated at the transcriptional level by MYC
Expression is significantly higher when CYP51A is deleted or in the CYP51B/CYP51C double deletant
(Microbial infection) Induced by IFNB1/IFN-beta in response to a viral infection
Up-regulated during PMA-induced differentiation of the monocytic cell line THP-1
Expressed in culture (at protein level). Constitutively expressed in infected human blood-derived macrophages and mouse macrophage cell line J774A. Autoregulates its own expression
Expression in a subset of neurons may be regulated by neurotrophins
By ethylene, gibberellin and submergence
By Dengue virus infection
Induced by red light. Slightly induced by blue light
Induced in biofilms and by alpha factor. Repressed by HAP43
By gamma-radiation
By dehydration stress, salicylic acid, ethylene, methyl jasmonate, auxin, H(2)O(2), copper, metolachlor, and the pathogens P.syringae and Hyaloperonospora parasitica. Induced by cadmium (PubMed:16502469)
Expression is induced by DNA damage, as well as by salt, oxidative, and heat-shock stress
By auxin (PubMed:20386573) and infection by Plasmodiophora brassicae (PubMed:18305204)
Up-regulated under nitrogen starvation (at protein level)
Up-regulated under sulfur limitation and down-regulated by high methionine concentrations
By water stress; in leaves
Repressed by light
Inhibited by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)
By high salinity (LiCl and NaCl). Also induced transiently by salicylic acid (SA)
Up-regulation of expression first detected at 24 hours after exposure to copper and reaches to a maximum after 7 days. Up-regulation of expression reaches to a maximum at 12 hours after exposure to paraquat and returns to basal levels within 24 hours
Up-regulated by brassinosteroid, but not regulated by ethylene
Transcriptionally regulated by SdsB
By the diamond-back moth Plutella xylostella, the generalist herbivore Spodoptora littoralis, infection with P.syringae, jasmonate, cis-jasmone, phytoprostane A1 and 12-oxo phytodienoic acid (OPDA)
Repressed by thiamine and 2-methyl-4-amino-5-hydroxymethylpyrimidine
Accumulates upon infection by the phytopathogenic bacterium X.campestris pv. campestris (both compatible and incompatible strains Xcc168 and Xcc750, respectively), agent of black rot (PubMed:8018872). Accumulates at higher levels in light than in darkness. Repressed by MIF1 (PubMed:16412086)
Expression is stimulated and enhanced by IFNG/IFN-gamma
Negatively feedback controlled by components of an SDD1-dependent signaling pathway. Repressed by GTL1
Highly up-regulated in the presence of taurine
Not regulated by plant steroids
By viral mimic polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in microglia (PubMed:25158758). Up-regulated in macrophages following infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (PubMed:20937702)
Up-regulated by spo0A
Negatively regulated by the microRNA (miRNA) let-7 which causes degradation of the mRNA encoding this protein. This requires a let-7 complementary site (LCS) in the 3'-UTR of the mRNA encoding this protein
Down-regulated in liver by fasting and rose by refeeding
Up-regulated in transformed thyroid cell lines
(Microbial infection) By Dengue virus infection (at protein level)
In the mid-exponential phase of growth under acidic conditions. Positively autoregulated, in the presence of RsoA. Down-regulated by YvrL under nonstress conditions
Induced during early Th1 cell differentiation, gradually decreasing at later stages
Strongly induced by heat-shock, nitrogen limitation, and upon entry into the stationary phase
Up-regulated during heart failure
Expressed in a circadian manner in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the brain and heart with peak levels seen between CT16 and CT20 in the SCN and between CT8 and CT12 in the heart
Up-regulated in myotonic dystrophy pathophysiology (DM)
Induced by drought, salt stress, jasmonate (MeJA), ethylene (ET) and salicylic acid (SA), mainly in shoots
Low constitutive expression during fruit development and no marked increase towards the later stages of maturation. Strongly induced after 24 hours of exogenous ethylene treatment and increased further up to 7 days. Gibberellin-A3 (GA3) and the cytokinin N6-benzyladenine (BA) inhibit this induction by ethylene
In the absence of the sspA gene, collagen does not induce sspB (at protein level)
By sulfite
Transcribed independently of the operon's upstream, overlapping gene (SCO3851); transcribed with srtE2 over the first 72 hours of growth. Part of the strE1-srtE2 operon
Up-regulated by wounding and by elicitor treatment
Induced by cold and abscisic acid (ABA)
By dithiothreitol-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response (PubMed:21223397, PubMed:24153418). Induced by tunicamycin-induced ER stress response (PubMed:24153418)
(Microbial infection) Up-regulated in response to infection by influenza A virus
By glucose starvation (at protein level)
Self down-regulation. Regulated by SDG2 via chromatin methylation. Seems inducible by brassinosteroids via BES1
Induced in a TP53/p53-dependent manner upon DNA damage
Induced by uniconazole. Down-regulated by gibberellin (GA3)
Induced by phenylacetate and all its monohydroxy- and dihydroxy-derivatives. Induced by phenylalanine and tyrosine
Expression is inhibited by PKA activity but is not subject to glucose repression (PubMed:16376592). Not expressed in dormant conidia but only during germination (PubMed:16376592, PubMed:17703972)
By abscisic acid (ABA), salt, and osmotic stress
Induced in roots under nitrogen-limited condition (PubMed:15574840, PubMed:23509111). Down-regulated in roots under ammonium supply (PubMed:17350935). Down-regulated by treatment with cadmium (PubMed:23743654)
First transiently repressed (1 day after treatment) and later induced (2 days after treatment) by abscisic acid (ABA) and dehydration
Up-regulated upon transition of the endometrium from the non-receptive early secretory phase to the receptive mid-secretory phase of the cycle
Transcription of fadE is negatively regulated by FadR. Induced in the presence of fatty acids, in a FadR-dependent manner
Circadian-regulation with a peak at noon. Induced by wounding, salt stress, 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) and abscisic acid (ABA)
Expression is reduced in atherosclerosis progression
By oxidative stress, primary alcohols, monocyclic aromatics and heat shock
Expression is regulated by NRG1 and MIG1
By 3- or 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid
Constitutively expressed. Up-regulated at post-transcriptional level by wounding and pathogen infection
Cell cycle-regulated expression with higher levels during mitosis
Expressed in actively growing cells, activated by CRP
Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) induces overexpression in keratinocytes. Up-regulated by IFN-alpha
Accumulates to medium levels when grown under continuous white light
Levels are increased twofold when transferred from high to low blue or white light
By entry into stationary phase
Highly and transiently expressed in tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) infected leaves. Induced by methyl-jasmonate (MeJA), and by ethephon (ethylene-releasing compound) in buds and to lower extent in leaves. Quickly and transiently induced by salicylic acid (SA). Strongly induced by wounding, independently of ethylene, and through a de-novo-protein-synthesis-independent regulation. Wound induction is reduced by MeJA. Also induced by acetyl salicylic acid (ASA), cycloheximide, auxin (2,4-D), and benzoic acid (BA) but seems to not be influenced by 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4HBA), thiamine, H(2)O(2) or abscisic acid (ABA)
By phytohemagglutinin (PHA)
By phorbol ester and TNF-alpha
Up-regulated by drought, high salinity, and ABA
By gravity stress (PubMed:1363521). Induced by gibberellin (PubMed:15821984)
Induced at the onset of developmental competence and highly expressed in competent hyphae (PubMed:16207816)
Expression is decreased at the stationary phase (PubMed:17588813). Expression in suppressed in the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (PubMed:23194472)
By host YWHAB
In adult heart myocardium upon injury (PubMed:33833125). Repressed in embryos by microRNA miR-144 (PubMed:18941117)
By viruses and interferons (PubMed:31812350). Up-regulated also by estrogen (PubMed:12841681)
Accumulates in roots after wounding
Up-regulated during the osteoclasogenic process. Inhibited by dexamethaxone during the osteoclasogenic process
Induced during host infection (PubMed:30459196). Induced by the antifungal agent caspofungin (PubMed:31266771)
By nitrogen deficiency in roots
By nutrient starvation
By treatment with 8-methoxypsoralen and UVA irradiation
Induced at 37 degree Celsius in culture medium for mammalian cells
Expression in mammary glands is induced by insulin
Up-regulated by the antioxidant dithiolethione (D3T) in colon (at protein level)
By H(2)O(2), heat stress, wounding and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV)
Up-regulated under high-phosphate conditions
Released in circulation upon food intake (PubMed:828120). Also up-regulated by exercise (PubMed:514078)
By abscisic acid (ABA), salt, osmotic stress, wounding and paraquat. Not induced by anoxia
Expression varies during the cell-cycle with a peak at the beginning of G1. Expression increases in hypoxic and acidic conditions and is down-regulated during the switch from yeast to hyphal growth and under low-iron conditions. The promoter contains E-box consensus sequences (CANNTG) suggesting that PIR1 is directly regulated by EFG1. Expression is also regulated by ACE2, HOG1, and RIM101
Expression is activated by the oncoprotein BCR-ABL; BCR-ABL misregulates expression via the JAK/STAT pathway and binding of STAT5A to the promoter
Induced by drought stress, salt stress and abscisic acid (ABA) (PubMed:19625633). Induced by infection with the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) (PubMed:10226370). Induced by cold stress (PubMed:25912720)
Decreased levels in liver and white adipose tissues upon fasting,
Expression in the retinal ganglion cells and heart oscillates in a circadian manner
By auxin, and cytokinins such as kinetin. Repressed by abscisic acid and cold treatment
Induced rapidly by pathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola ES4326 and P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000, by the root-colonizing endophytic plant growth-promoting fungus Piriformospora indica, and by microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) such as flg22 and hrcC in both local and systemic leaves in both local and systemic leaves (PubMed:20921422, PubMed:19214217, PubMed:23153277, PubMed:23118477). Accumulates transiently in response to 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) (PubMed:16258017)
Up-regulated in concanavalin-A-treated lymphocytes. Up-regulated in macrophages upon exposure to M.tuberculosis antigens
Induced by gibberellin (at protein level) in the nucleus. Induced by abscisic acid (at protein level) (PubMed:18210155). Induced by aluminum in roots and shoots (PubMed:22676236). Induced by abscisic acid (ABA). Induced by drought and cold stresses in leaves (PubMed:24085307). Induced by cold stress, osmotic shock, salt stress, ABA and ethylene (PubMed:27420922)
By IGF1
By methyl-beta-cyclodextrin
Up-regulated by increasing calcium-concentration in the medium and estrogens. Down-regulated by glucocorticoids
Induced by drought (early dehydration responsive) and salinity stress (PubMed:29289899). Triggered by abscisic acid (ABA) (PubMed:29289899)
Rapidly induced by auxin
Isoform 2, but not isoform 1, is induced during darkness
By sucrose under illumination
Up-regulated by thapsigargin
Induced by caspofungin
Expression levels increase upon lipid ingestion
Activity enhanced in the presence of stigma/stylar Cys-rich adhesin (SCA)
Up-regulated in response to low temperature
Up-regulated by EOBII (PubMed:20543029). Circadian-regulation with peak levels occurring at the end of the light period and during the night in flowers (PubMed:17241449, PubMed:26124104). Repressed by ethylene, especially following pollination (PubMed:17241449)
Is constitutively expressed, irrespective of the nitrogen content of the medium
Expression is progesterone-dependent regulation prior to follicle rupture
Induced by growth in the presence of collagen (at protein level)
Expression is sigma L dependent and induced by arginine
In response to epidermal stress such as wounding
Not induced by ethylene treatment or flooding
By Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000/avrRpt2 infection
Appears in pancreatic juice after induction of pancreatic inflammation. Secreted also by pituitary cells; the secretion there is stimulated by GH-releasing hormone and inhibited by somatostatin
Expression is not affected by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment (PubMed:22875608). Influenced in roots and leaves by relative humidity and soil water potential (PubMed:30577538)
Up-regulated 2 hours after addition of elicitor, with a peak after 4 hours. In roots inoculated with zoospores of P.parasitica (Ppm race 0), detected 1 day-post-inoculation. Up-regulated by ethylene and methyl jasmonate. Not induced systemically. Not induced by salicylic acid or by wounding
By ABA and drought, salt and osmotic stresses
Transiently up-regulated (6-fold) after challenge with the coral pathogen V.coralliilyticus and dramatically repressed (50-fold) thereafter
Down-regulated in proliferating cells or in serum-stimulated cells or growth factors. Up-regulated in asynchronous cells, or upon serum deprivation or following stress inducible DNA damage treatment
Part of the rapG-phrG operon (PubMed:12950930). Expression shows a slight decrease in stationary phase (PubMed:12950930). Repressed by RghR (PubMed:16553878)
Overexpressed upon TNF treatment
Induced by phosphate deprivation (PubMed:11553816, PubMed:14730084, PubMed:16762032). Induced in rosette leaves when grown in acidic soil (PubMed:31201686)
By oligogalacturonides and the diterpenoid compound sclareol. Accumulates in response to mechanical wounding, chitin, methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and ethylene (ET) stimuli
Induced by growth on D-arginine, D-lysine and 2-ketoarginine (2-KA), but not on L-arginine (PubMed:3141581, PubMed:19139398). Repressed by DauR. ArgR could be a transcriptional activator of the dauBAR operon in response to the presence of L-Arg (PubMed:19850617)
Expression is induced in both high and low pH environments
Regulated by cellular iron levels
Expression is increased by starvation
Induced in low iron conditions
Up-regulated under Pi starvation conditions
Carbonic anhydrase activity of nitrate- and urea-grown cells decreases with rising temperature (from 25 to 28 degrees Celsius, present versus predicted future ocean temperatures); there is probably more than one carbonic anhydrase in this cyanobacteria
Up-regulated by sulfate deprivation
Expression down-regulated by cAMP
Expression occurs in a growth-phase-dependent manner with optimal expression at post-exponential phase
Accumulates in roots, in a RAM1-dependent manner, during colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (e.g. Glomus versiforme) (PubMed:26511916, PubMed:26234213). Triggered by RAM1 (PubMed:26511916). Induced during root nodule symbiosis with rhizobium bacteria (e.g. Sinorhizobium meliloti) (PubMed:26234213)
By carbon starvation. This increased expression is controlled by RpoS
Down-regulated in CD34(+) hematopoietic cells during differentiation
By extracellular hypoosmotic conditions, especially during the mid-logarithmic phase of growth
By wounding, dehydration, salt and cold treatments, osmotic shock and infection by P.syringae pv. tomato in leaves. Induced by salt treatment in roots. Induced by auxin, cytokinin, abscisic acid (ABA) and 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA), but not by jasmonic acid (JA). Induced by Pi deficiency in roots and leaves. Down-regulated by sucrose
Negatively autoregulated. Induced by melibiose and raffinose
Expression decreases in response to fast and increases after high sucrose diet
Induced by epibrassinolide
Down-regulated by brassinolide in wild-type and the dwarf11 mutant
Up-regulated by Il12 in T-lymphocytes. Up-regulated during in vitro adipocyte differentiation. Up-regulated in epididymal adipose tissue of obese mice
Highly expressed in biofilms
By stressful environmental conditions such as salt stress, AgNO(3), and sulfur deficiency (PubMed:15842617, PubMed:25628631). Induced during oxidative stress (PubMed:25628631). Accumulates at the beginning of an extended night, which may indicate that it is induced by carbon starvation and in response to sugar (PubMed:25628631). Induced by a combination of light and plastid signaling (PubMed:22383539)
By interferons (IFNs)
Levels are increased up to tenfold when transferred from high intensity to low intensity blue or white light
Down-regulated by PGE2 and in ischemic kidney
Activated by hedgehog; repressed by itself
Up-regulated by TP53
Expression is regulated by the aflatoxin biosynthesis gene cluster transcription factor aflR that binds weakly to the sequence 5'-TCGCAGCCCGG-3' at position -110 (PubMed:10216264, PubMed:10760564)
Expression in increased by palmitate at protein level but not mRNA level (PubMed:21994399). Expression is down-regulated by microRNA miR-137 and miR-181c (at protein level) (PubMed:21994399)
By benzothiadiazole (BTH), at site of green peach aphid feeding (GPA, M.persicae) via TPS11-dependent trehalose accumulation, and H.arabidopsidis. Induced by P.syringae in a NPR1-independent manner, and by salicylic acid (SA) in a NPR1-dependent manner
By low oxygen levels (hypoxia) at the level of transcription. Repressed by ROX1 in the presence of oxygen (PubMed:2546055). Not expressed until the oxygen concentration is below 0.5 uM O(2) (PubMed:9169434)
Expressed during infection. Expressed during exponential growth in vitro
By type I interferons and upon hepatitis C viral infection
Slightly up-regulated by herbivory and jasmonic acid, but not by salicylic acid
Up-regulated in response to drought, salt or ABA treatment
Expression oscillates in a circadian manner in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the brain
Induced by trehalose and repressed by glucose, fructose or mannitol
By cellulosic materials and hemicelluloses
Up-regulated in peripheral blood leukocytes in response to T-cell receptor stimulation
Constitutively expressed, weakly repressed by growth on glucose, repression may be partially controlled by cra (fruR)
Expressed in leaves; transcribed from the opposite strand from the psbB-psbT-psbH-petB-petD operon, it is found in the antisense region between psbT and psbH
By infection with the fungal pathogen Phoma lingam
Up-regulated by phenobarbital in the nucleus and cytoplasm of the liver
Cell cycle-regulated. Protein levels increase as cells begin S phase and remain high through late mitosis
Induced by brassinosteroid, auxin and ethylene, and repressed by abscisic acid. Insensitive to gibberellic acid
Accumulates upon infection by generalist herbivores such as Spodoptera littoralis (PubMed:35401621). Induced by wounding (PubMed:35401621). Triggered by salicylic acid (SA) (PubMed:31001913)
Cell cycle regulated. Up-regulated at the G1/S phase transition and then decreases rapidly as cells progress into S-phase (PubMed:11752380, PubMed:11669580). Degraded in a proteasome-dependent manner in proliferating cells, but not in endoreduplicating cells (PubMed:11752380)
Up-regulated by low levels of phosphate in the medium
By gibberellins. Inhibited by abscisic acid (ABA)
Expressed at specific infection stages in a transient manner (PubMed:25387135). Is not expressed until 24 hours post-infection (hpi) but quickly reaches the maximum expression level at approximately 36 hpi (PubMed:25387135). The abundance of transcripts exhibits a more than twofold decrease at 48 hpi (PubMed:25387135)
Induced by methyl jasmonate in roots
Up-regulated by HMBA (hexamethylene bisacetamide) (at protein level). Down-regulated by estrogen
PIF4-dependent regulation by temperature (PubMed:31127632). In low thermo-responsive cultivars (e.g. Col-0), higher expression at 28 degrees Celsius than at 22 degrees Celsius in petioles but not in leaf blades (PubMed:31127632). In high thermo-responsive cultivars (e.g. cv. Alst-1 and cv. Ang-0) higher expression at 28 degrees Celsius than at 22 degrees Celsius in both petioles and leaf blades (PubMed:31127632). Induced by light (PubMed:31325959)
Not regulated by Fe(3+)
By TPA or PHA (TPA = 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13 acetate (tumor promoter); PHA = phytohemagglutinin (T-cell mitogen))
By NifA
By brassinosteroids (e.g. brassinolide BL), auxin (e.g. 2,4-dichlorphenoxyacetic acid 2,4-D) and cytokinin (e.g. kinetin), with a synergistic effect (PubMed:16103214). Accumulates during infection by the soilborne fungal pathogen Verticillium longisporum, especially in tissues undergoing de novo xylem formation (PubMed:23023171)
By auxin (PubMed:22348445, PubMed:27999086). Triggered by brassinosteroids, including brassinolide (BL) (PubMed:30649552)
Up-regulated by hypoxia especially in liver and testis. Levels up-regulated also in myocardial infarction predominantly in cardiomyocytes
Up-regulated in actively dividing cells
Up-regulated by low K(+) stress and down-regulated by high K(+)
Down-regulated by high K(+)
By TGFB1 in fibroblasts and up-regulated in apoptotic cells
Expression of dmlR is subject to negative autoregulation under both aerobic and anaerobic growth conditions. Its level of expression is generally lower under anaerobic conditions than that under aerobic conditions
Up-regulated in the hypothalamus after 48 hours fasting
The 2.2 kb transcript is probably induced by exogenous cAMP via a cell-surface receptor-mediated signal transduction pathway. The smaller transcript is induced by starvation at the onset of development, with transcript levels peaking at 4-8 hours during the aggregation stage. By 8 hours of development, the larger transcript is induced and peaks at the mound stage (12 hours)
By ethanol or acetate as sole carbon sources. Repressed by glucose
By IL4/interleukin-4 (PubMed:12031486). Expression is up-regulated in numerous cancer and metastasis: expression is induced by immune checkpoint blockade (PubMed:32818467)
Up-regulated in breast tumors but also in lung and colon tumors
Repressed by herbicides such as flufenacet and benfuresate (PubMed:12916765). Down-regulated by low temperature, osmotic stress, salt and darkness (PubMed:18465198)
Down-regulated by EGF and TGF-beta
Expression is increased upon phosphate starvation and during infection
By acute inflammation
Accumulates according to a robust circadian rhythm in liver and kidney. In liver nuclei, the amplitude of daily oscillation has been estimated to be >50-fold, and 2-fold in the brain
Expression is highly induced in a single triazole-resistant isolate (DI16-8)
Well expressed during log and stationary phase aerobic growth but only poorly expressed during anaerobic growth (at protein level); aerobic expression is suppressed by glucose or C8 fatty acids (PubMed:15213221)
Up-regulated in the hippocampus upon chronic methamphetamine treatment
Slight level decrease after 3 days of iron starvation
Up-regulated in cultured angiogenic umbilical vein endothelial cells
By Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato strain DC3000 infection
By injury, and treatment of the skin with the phorbol ester PMA
By salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA)
Down-regulated in colorectal and breast tumors. Up-regulated in uterine leiomyomas under high estrogenic conditions. Expression, in leiomyomal cells, also increased both under hypoxic and serum deprivation conditions
Expression is induced in triazole-resistant isolates
Up-regulated by serum
30-fold up-regulation by phosphate deficiency
By forskolin, thyrotropin and insulin. Down-regulated by the antithyroid drug methimazole
Expressed in cells (at protein level). Probably a monocistronic operon
Up-regulated by WNT1. Transcriptionally activated by beta-catenin and by LEF/TCF-dependent transcription
By endoplasmic reticulum stress (at protein level) (PubMed:17191123). Up-regulated and self-aggregates upon RNA viral infection (PubMed:34313226)
Up-regulated by ATF4 during endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response (PubMed:26086088). Up-regulated in arterial endothelial cells exposed to plasma from patients with peripheral arterial disease, but not to plasma from healthy controls (PubMed:24439873)
The transcription factor rfx1 controls penicillin biosynthesis through the regulation of the acvA, ipnA and aatA transcription
Up-regulated during trophoblast differentiation and by FGF7 in trophoblast cells
By ammonium
Down-regulated in leaves and apexes by cold stress, but no changes in roots and hypocotyls
Induced by red light, especially after dark adaptation. Moderately induced by blue light. Induced after two days of imbibition
Slightly induced by light (PubMed:9839469). Regulated by the SND1 close homologs NST1, NST2, VND6, and VND7 and their downstream targets MYB46 and MYB83 (PubMed:19122102, PubMed:22197883)
By salt and cold stresses, and abscisic acid (ABA)
Is induced at protein level by hypochlorous acid (HOCl), a powerful antimicrobial released by neutrophils, but not by H(2)O(2). Induction by HOCl is dependent on the presence of a functional YedV/YedW two-component system
Induced in hepatic stellate cells by iron overload and by gamma-interferon
Expression is induced by uric acid which is mediated by the transcription factor UaY, together with the AreA GATA factor (PubMed:17367381). The promoter contains 4 A/CGATAR areA-binding sites (PubMed:17367381)
Expression increased by simulated microgravity
Down-regulated by brassinolide (BL) in the brassinosteroid-deficient dwarf1 (brd1) mutant
Induced by cold stress and flooding
Up-regulated during neuronal differentiation (in vitro)
By Li(+), siamois and wnt signaling, including wnt8 and lef1. Induction by wnt8 is inhibited by vegt. Not induced by vegt or activin
Induced by Cu(2+) and Ag(+) (at protein level) (PubMed:10639134). Transcriptionally regulated by CueR in response to Cu(+) or Ag(+) ions (PubMed:10639134, PubMed:11167016). Basal expression is low but unperturbed by disruption of cueR (PubMed:11167016)
Induced by L-arabinose, D-xylose, xylitol, L-arabinitol, and galactitol
Down-regulated upon skeletal muscle denervation
Down-regulated by cholesterol (at protein level)
Down-regulated by nitrogen starvation
Up-regulated by cold stress, dehydration and salt stress
Upon contact with the plant pathogens fungus Fusarium solani
By FSH in Sertoli cells but not in peritubular cells; by cAMP in both type of cells
By jasmonic acid (JA) and wounding
By B.thuringiensis pore-forming toxin Cry5B (PubMed:15256590). Isoform a: Not induced by zinc. Isoform b: Induced by zinc specifically in intestinal cells (PubMed:23717214)
Increased expression in the majority of primary lung cancers and lung-cell lines tested
Constitutively and highly expressed on solid and in liquid medium, with or without biofilm formation, by 12 hours of culture. Repressed by DegU
Transcription is activated by TFEB
Increases progressively during log phase, peaking at stationary phase of vegetative growth
Expressed during exponential phase (at protein level)
Induced under aerobic conditions
Strongly induced in carotid arteries after injury (balloon catheter injury model). By various growth factor (BMP4, TGFB1) in NIH 3T3 cell line
Induced by sulfur deprivation (PubMed:15470261). Induced by high light stress (at protein level) (PubMed:19940928, PubMed:21267060, PubMed:24850838, PubMed:27358399, PubMed:27693674)
By inorganic phosphate (Pi) starvation
Expressed in cells grown on L-cysteate, but not on acetate or taurine. Cotranscribed with cuyZ, with which it is likely to form an operon
Expressed during both vegetative growth phase and sporulation
Expressed both in the presence and in the absence of the 6-hydroxynicotinate (6HNA) inducer
Expression is increased between late G2 and G1/S
Induced by hydroxyurea and etoposide
Induced by hydrogen sulfide (PubMed:25652660). Down-regulated by treatment with the flagellin peptide flg22 elicitor (PubMed:29861135)
By interferon type I, type II and LPS. Induced by infection with Vesicular stomatitis virus and pseudorabies virus in dendritic cells, presumably through type I interferon pathway
Up-regulated by GDF2/BMP9 and BMP10 (at protein level)
Up-regulated during starvation (PubMed:18289917). Up-regulated by PPARG (PubMed:19139408)
Regulated in a cell cycle-dependent manner with an increase during G2 phase, highest levels in the middle of G2 and a drop during mitosis (PubMed:23929493). Induced by MMD1 (PubMed:27385818)
Induced by Gram-negative bacterium S.marcescens infection (PubMed:12176330). Induced by Gram-positive bacterium M.nematophilum infection (PubMed:16809667). Transiently induced by Gram-negative bacteria S.boydii and S.flexneri (PubMed:22841995). Down-regulated by exposure to Gram-positive bacterium B.thuringiensis spore toxins (PubMed:21931778). Down-regulated by exposure to Gram-negative bacteria S.marcescens or P.aeruginosa infection (PubMed:17526726). Down-regulated by Gram-positive bacterium S.aureus infection in the anterior part of the intestine (PubMed:24972867)
By wounding, drought and salt stresses, benzothiadiazole (BTH), ethephon, hydrogen peroxide, abscisic acid (ABA) and incompatible and compatible races of rice blast fungus (M.grisea) and rice bacterial blight (X.oryzae)
By maternal wnt-beta-catenin signaling and tgf-beta signaling
Down-regulated by salt and dehydration stresses
Expression is early up-regulated during acidic stress as compared to normal whereas no expression is observed under nutrient and oxidative stress conditions
Up-regulated by heat shock stress. Down-regulated by cold, dehydration, and salt stresses
By interferons and bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS)
Induced by cycloheximide (CHX) and cold/dark treatment
Constitutively expressed, increases slightly as cells get older. Does not respond to acid, rifampicin, tetracycline or Ni(2+) stress. Antisense RNA expression decreases strongly under oxidative stress (H2O2 or paraquat), while aapA1 expression decreases only marginally in H2O2 but decreases strongly in response to paraquat. A decrease in antisense RNA leads to an increase in toxin production
Up-regulated by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) (PubMed:22039120, PubMed:22875608). Induced by A.niger mycelium-derived elicitor, thus improving ginsenosides production in adventitious roots culture (PubMed:27746309). Slightly induced by Tween 80 (PubMed:24889095). Influenced in roots by soil water potential, and in leaves by temperature, rain and relative humidity (PubMed:30577538)
By apoptotic signals in PC12 cells
Induced by iron and zinc
Transcriptionally regulated by sigma-E
Induced by cold and photosystem II excitation pressure by high light illumination
By Spo0A during nutrient starvation, through its direct negative control of AbrB (PubMed:12817086). Repressed by AbrB during regular growth when nutrients are plentiful, in association with the transcriptional repressor Abh (PubMed:17720793). Protein not detected during exponential growth, accumulates during stationary phase (at protein level) (PubMed:14568161)
Transcript abundance is medium and expression levels are completely unaffected by desiccation or rehydratation (PubMed:23761966)
Accumulates in systemic uninfected tissues during Pseudomonas syringae infection or upon benzothiazole (BTH) treatment. Induced by light, but repressed by dark (PubMed:14507999). Accumulates upon MG132 treatment, a proteasome inhibitor. Target of endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) when ubiquitinated (PubMed:24923602)
Up-regulated in liver tumor tissues. Up-regulated by the antioxidant dithiolethione (D3T) in liver, lung and colon (at the protein level)
By hyperosmotic stress in leaf blades and leaf sheaths, but not in roots (PubMed:15084714). Induced by abscisic acid (ABA) (PubMed:22071266)
By cytokinin (kinetin) in suspension cell culture
By isoprenaline. Prolongend stimulation does not change the percentages of secreted forms (with gliadoralin A 1-90 as predominant form)
By the metal chelator phenanthroline via Rip1, RskA/SigK and RslA/SigL
Expression is enhanced during the late growth stage
Constitutively expressed regardless of cultivation under aerobic or anaerobic conditions. Increased expression under denitrifying conditions
Accumulates during senescence and in response to 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (3-AT) and silver nitrate (PubMed:12947053). Induced by viral infection (e.g. cucumber mosaic cucumovirus, oil seed rape tobamovirus, turnip vein clearing tobamovirus, potato virus X potexvirus, and turnip mosaic potyvirus) (PubMed:12535341). Induced by pathogens (PubMed:12920300)
In the late logarithmic growth phase
Induced at 2 hours after sporulation onset as part of the sigma-F regulon, followed by further induction after 3 hours as part of the sigma-G regulon; its concentration rises throughout sporulation (at protein level) (PubMed:21037003)
Rhythmic expression with highest levels at the end of the dark phase, just before the transition to light. Induction by far-red light requires phyA
Induced by high osmolarity
Accumulates in apical leaders upon wounding in both resistant and susceptible to white pine weevil (Pissodes strobi) plants
Expressed in daughter cells after execution of mitotic exit. Expression is controlled by the ACE2 and SWI5 transcription factors
By ethylene. Slightly induced in leaf blades in low light intensities
Expression is induced upon exposure to griseofulvin and itraconazole
By dark adaptation. This gives a 20-fold increase in expression
Induced by putrescine and repressed by PuuR. Transiently induced by cold shock
Up-regulated by androgens
The arrA-arrB operon is induced under anaerobic conditions in the presence of nanomolar concentrations of arsenite or low micromolar concentrations of arsenate (PubMed:16237022). Expression is repressed under aerobic conditions and in the presence of nitrate (PubMed:16237022). The peak of expression occurs during the exponential phase of growth (PubMed:16237022)
In response to ammonium, tryptophan, glucose, and phosphate starvation
Expressed at 28 degrees Celsius in late stationary phase, constitutively expressed at low levels at 37 degrees Celsius, more highly expressed on plates than in liquid medium. Expression is RpoS- and CsgD-dependent
Transcriptionally up-regulated by SP1 and RELA in response to FGF19
By ethylene, polyamines (PAs: putrescine, spermidine and spermine), methylglyoxal (bis-guanyhydrazone) (MGBG), and AgNO(3)
Down-regulated by cytokinins
Up-regulated by iron overload treatment, and by H(2)O(2) (PubMed:11672431). Up-regulated by the phosphate starvation response transcription factor PHR1 (PubMed:23788639)
Modulated during the cell cycle with a peak during the early G(1) phase
Transcriptionally regulated by stress-response sigma factor SigH of RNA polymerase (PubMed:12111561). Transcriptionally regulated by BldD (PubMed:20979333)
In intestinal epithelium, up-regulated in the presence of Gram-positive commensal gut bacteria. May also be up-regulated by interferon gamma (IFNG) and butyrate (a product of bacterial fermentation)
Repressed by red (R) and far red (FR) light treatments in a phyB- and phyA-dependent manner
Induced by blue light and red:far-red light in a ratio of 1.22
By alachlor, metolachlor and benoxacor
Expression is repressed by glutamine and at alkaline ambient pH and highly induced under nitrogen starvation and acidic pH conditions (PubMed:19400779). Expression is also negatively regulated by vel1 (PubMed:20572938)
By N,N'-diacetylchitobiose
In CD4(+) T cells, expression is induced upon influenza virus infection by IL6
By hh during segmentation
Activated by SrrA. Expression is maximal during the postexponential phase of growth, particularly under microaerobic conditions
Induced by cold stress. Down-regulated by wounding and infection with the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae
Down-regulated in response to mild as well as prolonged energy depletion (PubMed:26442059). Up-regulated by glucose and sucrose (PubMed:26442059)
Up-regulated in shoots by iron deficiency and down-regulated in shoots by copper deficiency
Down-regulated in late-developed leaves when grown on potassium-deficient soil (at protein level)
By coronatine
Expressed under aerobic conditions. Significantly increased upon shift to anaerobic conditions
By endoplasmic reticulum stress (PubMed:18561914, PubMed:22637475, PubMed:29497057). By hypoxia (PubMed:29497057)
Transcript abundance is low and expression levels are not significantly affected by desiccation or rehydratation (PubMed:23761966)
Up-regulated by osmotic stress and down-regulated by high K(+)
By NaCl and 20% PEG
Expressed in tuberculosis patients
In ventral prostate following castration
The ST activities display gender- and age-dependent alterations and are known to be under the regulation of gonadal, adrenal and growth hormones
By transcription factor RUNX2
Strongly increased in response to uracil
By ethylene and salicylic acid
By the herbicide isoxaben
Under cell cycle-dependent control with a peak of expression at the S phase
Expression controlled by a sigma-H-regulated promoter which needs the sigma-H factor for the binding of the RNA polymerase and subsequent transcription
Phosphorylated DegU activates its own expression
Up-regulated in response to desiccation stress
By wounding, upon insect feeding, by the fungal elicitor alamethicin and infection with the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae DC3000 (PubMed:21088219). Induced by the biosynthetic intermediate 8-hydroxy-7-keto-d-cadinene (C234), especially in synergy with the bacterial pathogen P.syringae pv. maculicola (Psm) (PubMed:30967019)
Up-regulated by androgens and down-regulated by castration
Up-regulated by epigenetic drugs, such as azacitidine, and artificial transcription factors (ATFs)-induced treatments in cervical carcinoma cell lines
By antigens, mitogens or activators of PKC on the surface of T and B-lymphocytes. By interaction of IL-2 with the p75 IL-2R on the surface of NK cells
Fades out in response to heat through an enhanced protein degradation (at protein level) triggered by the E3 ligase SGIP1-mediated ubiquitination
By methyl jasmonate in leaves
Up-regulated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS)
Up-regulated in colon and bone marrow in response to a high-fat diet. Also up-regulated in obese mice mutant for the leptin receptor LEPR (db/db genotype)
Expression requires the positive regulatory factors THI2 and THI3 (PubMed:8394343). Incompletely repressed by exogenous thiamine pyrophosphokinase (PubMed:8394343)
Up-regulated upon differentiation into neuronal cells in the presence of retinoic acid and BDNF. Down-regulated upon differentiation into astroglial cells. Down-regulated in gonadotrope cells by bone morphogenetic protein and retinoic acid
Expressed during sporulation and is regulated by the mother cell-specific transcription factors sigma E and SpoIIID (PubMed:8231808). There is a lag-phase of approximately 2 hours between the onset of transcription and translation (PubMed:18820968). The 5' untranslated region negatively influences its own translation (PubMed:18820968)
Expression is down-regulated in presence of extracellular amino acids
Induced by either myo-inositol (MI) or SI; SI is approximately three times more efficient than MI
Down-regulated in immune cells and colonic epithelial cells by lipopolysaccharides/LPS
Transcriptionally regulated by BaeR
Expression is repressed under acidic conditions, while the expression is induced under alkaline conditions (PubMed:22492438). Expression is induced in presence of sodium nitrate, and repressed by glutamine (PubMed:22492438)
Induced by HPV16 E5 (PubMed:21389130). Induced by HIV (PubMed:19404407). By interferon (IFN) (PubMed:15226432, PubMed:17516545, PubMed:17942705, PubMed:19404407, PubMed:19851330, PubMed:32385160). Induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (PubMed:22367195)
Up-regulated in reversibly arrested C2C12 myoblasts
Induced by the antibiotic concanamycin A. Down-regulated when grown with elevated levels of potassium chloride
Expression is reduced by up to 90 percent under iron-depleted conditions
Repressed by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) (PubMed:19857882). Accumulates in the presence of squalene (PubMed:19857882)
Slightly induced by NH(4)Cl, NaNO(3) and NH(4)NO(3) (PubMed:16120687). Induced in roots after nitrogen (N-deprivation) deprivation (PubMed:19430792)
By heat stress, cold stress and salt stress
Up-regulated transplantes nuclei derived from embryonic stem (ES) cells
Up-regulated in thymocytes upon TCR-triggered cell death (at protein level). Up-regulated by IL-10 or LPS
A member of the dormancy regulon. Induced in response to reduced oxygen tension (hypoxia), low levels of nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO). It is hoped that this regulon will give insight into the latent, or dormant phase of infection. Following a shift from stationary to anaerobic growth this protein is not seen to not be further induced (at protein level). Induced in mouse lungs at the same time that adaptive host immunity induces bacterial growth arrest; induction is dependent on interferon gamma
Transcriptional activity is positively regulated by PKM
Expressed at a basal level under non-inducing conditions, but expression increases when the cells are grown in nicotinate as sole carbon source
Induced in the theca layer of the F3 stage ovarian follicle by intravenous injection of LPS. Expression in the granulosa layer of the ovarian follicle is not affected by intravenous injection of LPS
Contains two transcription starting points, P1 and P2, which are 74 bp apart. P1 is under negative control by methionine, whereas P2 is independent of the intracellular methionine concentration
Up-regulated in response to mating
Up-regulated 17-fold under nutrient starvation
Expression occurs only in the absence of ammonium and under low levels of oxygen, and is strictly dependent on NifA
Levels of this protein are negatively controlled by the second messenger ppGpp (at protein level) at a post-transcriptional level. Increased levels of c-di-GMP lead to decreased levels of PgaA
By high-salt stress, cold stress and abscisic acid (ABA) treatment
Isoform 1 and isoform 2 are both activated by p53/TP53, doxorubicin, etoposide and ionizing radiation. Isoform 2 is highly activated by UV radiation
Highly expressed during the first day of culture on solid medium; thereafter levels decrease but remain high. Expressed at much lower levels in liquid culture
By anaerobic and microaerophilic conditions in the presence of nitrite. Regulated by the gonococcal fnr and NarP homologs
Constitutively expressed during asexual and sexual development and induced by red light, indicating a light-dependent regulation (PubMed:17631397)
Induced by white light (WL). Barely detectable in dark and in various wavelengths of light such as red light (RL), far red light (FR), and blue light (BL)
By heat and osmotic shock and salt stress
By IFNG/IFN-gamma in melanoma cells
Up-regulated by heat and oxidative stress
Repressed by sly-miR6023
Down-regulated by CTNNB1 upon differentiarion. Activated by TLX1 in the kidney and repressed by HOXA2 in the branchial arch and facial mesenchyme
By salt stress or by viroids
Strongly up-regulated synergistically by light and sugars during bud burst (PubMed:22505690, PubMed:20374536, PubMed:25108242). Up-regulated synergistically by the combination of light and gibberellin (PubMed:25108242)
Inhibited by insulin in a PI3K-dependent manner
Up-regulated in response to serum starvation in fibroblasts
Expression is induced in the presence of sesamin
Up-regulated following GA3 but not ABA application
Has 2 promoters, 1 of which is repressed by H-NS. Activated by LeuO. A monocistronic operon
Highly expressed and immunogenic during infection of mice with live bacteria (at protein level)
In neural stem cells, rapid up-regulation by EGF, combined with FGF2 and heparin
Highly expressed during conidiation (PubMed:28447400). A conserved conidiation regulatory pathway containing BrlA, AbaA and WetA regulates expression. During conidiation BlrA up-regulates AbaA, which in turn controls WetA. Moreover, the Hog1 MAPK regulates fungal conidiation by controlling the conidiation regulatory pathway, and that all three pigmentation genes Pks1, EthD and Mlac1 exercise feedback regulation of conidiation (PubMed:28447400)
Expression is induced in conidia, ascospores and during the late phase of conidiation when conidia differentiate and become mature (PubMed:17912349). During vegetative growth, expression quickly drops and continues to be undetectable (or low) until 24 hours post induction of conidiation (PubMed:17912349). Expression is positively regulated by abaA (PubMed:23049895). Expression is under the regulation of the flbE transcription factor (PubMed:20817115). Expression is also under the regulation of the flbC transcription factor (PubMed:20624219)
Protein levels are regulated by nutrient status, being high under good nutrient conditions
Up-regulated by TNF-alpha through p38 MAPKs and NF-kappa-B. Up-regulated by osmotic shock. Induced by IFNG
Induced by wounding and senescence in leaves
Induced by 0.3 M NaCl in an RpoS-dependent fashion
Expression is induced in the presence of citrinin (PubMed:26713447). Expression is induced by the PDR1 and YRR1 multidrug resistance transcription factors (PubMed:11470516, PubMed:11909958)
Expressed in mid-log phase
Up-regulated in Kuppfer cells exposed to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
Induced by intrinsic regulatory mechanisms and by extrinsic signals from a subset of dermal palmoplantar fibroblasts
Transcriptionally repressed in an HDA1-dependent manner
Highly induced by phorbol ester (PMA), EGF and transforming growth factor-beta 1. Also induced by dexamethasone
Transcription is strongly induced following exposure to the alkylating agent methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) and oxidizing H(2)O(2)
Expression is retarded by epidermal growth factor (EGF)
Expression is increased by ultraviolet light and agents which induce DNA cross-links such as nitrogen mustard and psoralen
Decreased throughout ischemic hypoxia and reoxygenation
Up-regulated in regenerating liver
By dihydrotestosterone (DHT)
By high illumination, water stress and abscisic acid
Up-regulated by forskolin in astrocytes
Up-regulated by jasmonic acid treatment
Induced by abscisic acid (ABA) in aleurone cells (By similarity) (PubMed:15618416). Accumulates in response to uniconazole, a gibberellic acid (GA) biosynthesis inhibitor (By similarity). Repressed by GA (PubMed:15618416)
Up-regulated at the sarcolemma in individuals with various forms of neuromuscular disease
Expression depends on the external osmolality (PubMed:15327991). Induced upon hyperosmotic conditions, resulting in an increase of its transport activity (PubMed:17390131)
May be regulated by MCM1. Regulated by SWI4-SWI6 heterodimer. Down-regulated by nonfermentable carbon source
By oxidative stress and by growth in minimal medium lacking iron (Fe(3+)), or one of the divalent cations manganese, copper or cobalt
Expressed during ammonium starvation under nitrate-rich conditions
Up-regulated by hypoxia and DNA damage (PubMed:12203114). Up-regulated by treatments inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress (PubMed:24947615)
Induced by galacturonate and negatively regulated by itself. Is subject to catabolite repression by glucose involving the ccpA gene
By stress such as high temperature or ethanol
Up-regulated upon hypertonic conditions (PubMed:23233732). In pancreatic islets, secretion is stimulated by IL1B (PubMed:23955712)
Induced by Gram-positive bacterium S.aureus infection (PubMed:24882217). Down-regulated by exposure to Gram-positive bacterium B.thuringiensis spore toxins (PubMed:21931778)
Exhibits very subtle night/day variation, if any
By macrophage activation
By cytokines, most notably interleukin IL-12, secreted by professional antigen-presenting cells such as monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells
Part of the rpoY-rnjA operon, transcribed constitutively
Up-regulated in the root by dehydration, salt stress, osmotic stress, high temperature and abscisic acid
Expression is under the control of GAL4 and REB1, and is both positively controlled by galactose and negatively by glucose. Also induced by salt stress and in response to DNA replication stress
Glucose-repressed
Transcription is induced at 37 degrees Celsius but down-regulated at this temperature by calcium
Up-regulated during the luteal phase of the stimulated estrus cycle and by compounds that cause peroxisome proliferation, such as clofibrate, tiadenol and fenofibrate
Induced in roots during nodulation triggered by low nitrogen and infection with Sinorhizobium meliloti (PubMed:20348212, PubMed:22168914). Induced in roots by treatment with the cytokinin 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) (PubMed:20348212, PubMed:22168914)
Not induced by a combination of IL1A/interleukin-1 alpha, IL6/interleukin-6 and dexamethasone
By PAX3 which regulates its expression
Slightly induced by inorganic phosphate deprivation
The phpP and stkP genes form an operon
By retinoic acid; 3-5 fold increase
Highly induced in seedlings by pathogens, wounding, silver nitrate, and methyl jasmonate
Up-regulated by ER stress in an ERN1-dependent manner
By auxin and continuous red light. Stimulated by DOF1.1 and, transiently, by the generalist herbivore S.littoralis (PubMed:16740150)
By fungal elicitor extracted from Phytophthora sojae cell wall
By GDNF
Down-regulated by insulin. Up-regulated by reactive oxygen species and cigarette smoke extract. Up-regulated by PPARD
By wounding and Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris
This transcript is moderately expressed at low and high light levels and is expressed somewhat more at 16 and 45 umol blue light/m2/s. The whole antenna complex is most highly expressed under low light; as the light levels increase antenna complex levels decrease. Thus at least in this strain the amount of antenna complex is controlled mostly at a post-transcriptional level. Transcription decreases upon iron starvation
Repressed by NemR. Induced by N-ethylmaleimide and reactive electrophilic species (RES) such as quinones, glyoxals and methylglyoxal (PubMed:18567656, PubMed:23506073, PubMed:23646895). Up-regulated by HOCl (PubMed:23536188)
Accumulates in leaves during senescence (PubMed:9617813, PubMed:16603661). Induced reversibly 4 days after exposure to ozone O(3) (PubMed:10444084, PubMed:16913859). Triggered transiently by Nep1, a fungal protein that causes necrosis (PubMed:12857840). Expressed in nematode-induced giant cells (e.g. M.javanica) at early stages, 3 days after infection (PubMed:20003167)
By green light but not by red light
Induced during phosphate depletion and nutrient starvation (PubMed:19686042, PubMed:24722908). Part of the senX3-regX3 operon (PubMed:24722908). The two genes are separated by a rather long intercistronic region composed of a class of duplicated sequences named mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units (MIRUs) (PubMed:24722908). SenX3 and regX3 are coexpressed but also differentially transcribed during nutrient-rich and stress conditions (PubMed:24722908). RegX3 induction is mainly monocistronic during phosphate depletion (PubMed:24722908)
Autoregulated. Transcriptionally regulated by sigma-K. Expressed during exponential growth
Up-regulated by high fat diet (PubMed:19091015). Down-regulated in white adipose tissue in ob/on mice (PubMed:23821743)
Induced transiently by TGFB1 at an early phase of TGFB1-mediated apoptosis
By Magnaporthe oryzae
Expressed in log phase cells (at protein level). Induced by rifampicin treatment. Expressed in human macrophages 110 hours after infection. Induced in the lungs of mice infected for 4 weeks. A member of the relBE operon
Early induced by infection with an incompatible bacterial plant pathogen
By cAMP, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and FGF2
Induced by osmotic stress and abscissic acid (ABA)
By galacturonate and polygalacturonate, and subjected to catabolite repression
Up-regulated by IFNG treatment in monocytes. Up-regulated on dendritic cells, B-cells and macrophages after activation by LPS and IFNG
Expression is induced during phagocytosis by host macrophages (PubMed:15470236). Expression is also induced during biofilm development (PubMed:19527170, PubMed:21414038, PubMed:22265407)
By wnt-signaling and by the dorsalizing factor LiCl. Activated in the dorsal side of the embryo by a ctnnb1-tcf7l1 (beta catenin-tcf3) complex. Repressed on the ventral side by tcf7l1/tcf3 alone. Autoregulated by siamois itself
Expression is reglated by the developmental and secondary metabolism regulator veA
Expression is induced in the absence of TRX1
Expression is induced during conidiation, after conidiophore vesicles, metullae, and phialides had formed (PubMed:2823119). Negatively regulated by velC (PubMed:24587098). In the promoter, a 45-base-pair region encompassing the major and minor abaA transcription initiation sites contains directly repeated sequences related to the mammalian initiator (Inr) element and is sufficient for correct transcription initiation and for developmental induction (PubMed:2117702)
Up-regulated in trigeminal glanglia after herpes simplex virus type 1 infection, in the lung of mice infected with mycobacteria or Klebsiella pneumoniae. Up-regulated in microglia by combined LPS and IFNG stimulation. Up-regulated by FASLG
Transiently induced during fasting. cAMP and glucagon may not be involved in the induction during fasting. Induced by dexamethasone. Down-regulated by insulin, isoprotenerol and TNF-alfa. Expression is not affected by glucose and by growth hormone. Expression is reduced in fasted leptin deficient mouse (ob/ob), an obese mouse model. Expression is not affected in fed ob/ob mouse
Transcriptionally induced by externally generated superoxide stress in a manganese-dependent way. The presence of manganese increases SodA homodimer activity and simultaneously decreases SodM homodimer activity. This occurs primarily due to post-transcriptional effects, since the expression of the gene is independent of manganese availability in the absence of superoxide generating compounds
Heme oxygenase 2 activity is non-inducible
Expression is induced by exogenous putrescine, cadaverine and spermidine, but not with glutamine. Expression is also induced under starvation conditions with concomitant low glucose and ammonium levels, but not by high ammonium or glutamine level. Transcriptionally regulated by acetylated GlnR
Expression increases during biofilm formation on n-hexadecane. Forms an operon with aupB
Expression is under control of the CSY1 amino-acid sensor (PubMed:28028545). Expression is induced by N-acetylglucosamine (PubMed:12949183). Expression is also regulated by CPH1-mediated RAS1 signaling but is independent of EFG1 (PubMed:12949183). Induced during biofilm development (PubMed:21414038, PubMed:22265407, PubMed:23572557). Induced upon internalization by host macrophages (PubMed:15470236). Expression is down-regulated by growth in alkaline conditions (PubMed:15554973). Expression is also controlled by the nitrogen-dependent GATA-type transcriptional activator GAT1 (PubMed:14617156)
Increased in the early stage of adipocyte differentiation
Expressed following heat shock under control of SigH. There is another promoter
By butane and 1-butanol
Repressed by sulfate and cystine. Transcriptionally regulated by cbl
Expression is under the control of a thermosensitive enhancer element called dmpi8 that is encoded in an intron of the close-by circadian clock gene per. At lower temperatures, splicing efficiency of dmpi8 is increased resulting in an increase in the expression of dyw
By androgens in prostate cancer cells
Expression is induced by benomyl via positive regulation by the transcription factors AP1 and PDR1 (PubMed:17046176, PubMed:28066366). The promoter contains the YAP1 response element (YRE) 5'-TTAC/GTAA-3' which is recognized by AP1 (PubMed:17046176)
Levels of toxin expression vary greatly among strains. Highly leukotoxic strains (JP2-type strains) produce more LtxA protein and ltx mRNA than minimally leukotoxic strains (652-type strains). Variations are probably due to different types of promoters (PubMed:8300209). Expression is not affected by iron (PubMed:17041062)
Up-regulated in response to prolonged energy depletion (PubMed:26442059). Down-regulated by glucose, sucrose and mannose (PubMed:26442059). Induced by NaCl and abscissic acid (ABA) (PubMed:26442059)
Up-regulated by inflammatory signals in Treg regulatory T-cells (Treg)
Up-regulated by RcoM in the presence of CO. Its expression is enhanced in the presence of a poor nitrogen source, like glutamate, that allows nif derepression
By phosphonoacetate
Up-regulated by interferon and CpG single-stranded DNA (at protein level)
Down-regulated during embryonic stem cells (ESCs) differentiation by retinoic acid treatment (PubMed:24623306)
Constitutively expressed, with a significant increase of induction in the presence of methanol
Expression is sigma G-dependent, and to a very small extent sigma F-dependent
By glucocorticoids and cAMP in T-cells
By chondroitin sulfate or its degraded products
By maltose and methyl-alpha-D-glucoside
By auxin and benzylaminopurine
By histamine
Induced by growth on N-acetyl-D-galactosamine but not by growth on N-acetyl-D-glucosamine
Up-regulated during cold stress and following nutrient replenishment by dilution of cells fron exhausted to fresh minimal medium
By oleic acid (at protein level)
Rapidly and transiently up-regulated in response to metabotropic glutamate receptor activation in a protein synthesis-dependent manner in neurons (at protein level)
Transcribed in a circadian pattern, protein accumulates in light (at protein level)
Induced by growth on methylamine, n-butylamine or benzylamine
Up-regulated in white adipocytes upon high-fat diet
Expression is low in quiescent cells and is induced in exponentially proliferating cultures. Expression is also induced when prolactin is added to stationary cells. Induced by dietary differentiating agents such as butyrate and retinoic acid
Down-regulated by glucose, sucrose and mannose
By manganese
By the natural signal and in response to the mesoderm-inducing factors activin A, basic FGF/bFGF, derriere, nodal/nr-1, nodal2/nr-2 and nodal4/nr-4
Up-regulated by nitroethane
Induced by heavy ion irradiation
By bursicon
Transcribed early in log-phase growth, peaks at log to stationary phase transition (PubMed:25422304). Repressed by growth in the presence of glucose, which also decreases 100S ribosome content (PubMed:25422304). Induced by growth in ethanol, NaCl, and 46 degrees Celsius; stress respones are under control of the sigma-B factor (sigB) (PubMed:25422304)
Up-regulated in response to glucose
Post transcriptionally regulated. No circadian-regulation at the mRNA level, but fluctuation of the protein levels, with the highest level found shortly after dawn
Repressed by salt stress
By hydrogen peroxide. Repressed by PerR
Repressed by FadR in the absence of LCFAs (fatty acids of 14-20 carbon atoms). When LCFAs are present in the medium, they are converted to long-chain acyl-CoAs, which antagonize FadR as to its binding to FadR boxes on target DNA and thus derepress transcription
Transcription is controlled by the GvpD-GvpE pair (PubMed:8757736, PubMed:12864859) (Probable). Transcripts are maximal at the beginning of stationary phase. Gas vesicle formation is maximally induced in stationary phase when grown in 20-25% total salt (NaCl, MgSO(4), KCl) (at protein level) (PubMed:1703266, PubMed:1282192, PubMed:8757736). Expressed from a single promoter upstream of gvpA; most transcripts stop at the gvpA terminator, with low read-through into downstream gvpC-gvpN-gvpO. Expression starts in early stationary phase and is maximal in stationary phase (PubMed:7683649, PubMed:8757736, PubMed:12864859). Highly expressed in 25% salt, poorly expressed in 15% salt, no gas vesicles are formed at 15% salt (PubMed:8757736)
Expression is under the control of transcription factors SWI4 and SWI6
Circadian-regulated, with a peak in expression in the middle of the day under long day conditions, and from the middle of the day until night under short day conditions
By IL13 (PubMed:33026825). By IL4, likely as a result of IL4-induced cell proliferation (PubMed:31732694). By wounding in airway epithelial cells with levels decreasing significantly during the healing process (PubMed:31732694)
By urocanate under anaerobic conditions
Strongly up-regulated in kidney leukocytes in response to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). Also up-regulated to a lesser extent by polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C))
By de-etiolation
Weakly induced by arsenite, antimonite and arsenate
Induced by type I interferons (IFNA and IFNB1) produced in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and viral infection (HIV-1 and SeV viruses) (at protein level)
Is expressed under the exponential phase of growth, and down-regulated upon starvation. Expression of thyX is significantly increased within murine macrophages or under acid stress. Is expressed at a lower level than thyA under all of the in vitro and in vivo growth conditions tested
By the signal of flagellar agglutination between gametes of the opposite mating type
Up-regulated by potassium deprivation, by salt stress, cold and treatment with exogenous abscisic acid (ABA)
Expressed during pathogen infection
By glycolate. Part of the glcDEFGB operon, which is induced by growth on glycolate, under the positive control of GlcC. Also induced by growth on acetate. Expression of the glc operon is strongly dependent on the integration host factor (IHF) and is repressed by the global respiratory regulator ArcA-P (PubMed:9880556)
Expressed in log phase cells. Also expressed in human macrophages 110 hours after infection. A member of the relFG operon
Expression is regulated upon white-opaque switch (PubMed:12397174). Expression is repressed by HAP43 (PubMed:21592964)
Up-regulated following ionizing radiation in the crypt epithelial cells of the intestin. Down-regulated by bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Down-regulated by prostaglandin E2 following ionizing radiation
Positively regulated by TnrA under conditions of nitrogen limitation (PubMed:8951816). Expression is not significantly induced by GABA (PubMed:8951816)
By high-salt stress and abscisic acid (ABA) treatment
By FGF-1
The zygotic transcript but not the maternal transcript is moderately induced by forskolin and tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate
by DNA damage through pathways mediated by JUN and cGAS-STING leading to production of the cytokines IL1, IL6, and IL8
Expression decreases in an age-dependent manner
By axonal regeneration
Expression is induced by mild heat-stress on a non-fermentable carbon source (PubMed:14561723). Expression is also induced upon entry into stationary phase and upon nitrogen deprivation (PubMed:11102521). Expression is repressed by inosine and choline in an OPI1-dependent manner (PubMed:12871953)
Induced by dithiothreitol- and tunicamycin-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response
By TGF-beta and BMP4
Protein expression is strongly induced by high concentrations of fermentable carbon sources and under anaerobic growth conditions and is repressed by ethanol. Protein expression level is also autoregulated through an unknown mechanism
By cycloheximide
Repressed by sulfate, cysteine, or thiocyanate
Strongly induced by gibberellic acid (GA(3)) leading to an increased artemisinin yield (Ref.19). Accumulates in the presence of trans-cinnamic acid (PubMed:22986332)
Protein level is negatively regulated by KhpA/KhpB partly at the post-transcriptional level via its 5'-UTR (at protein level)
DNA-binding capacity is reduced by HSBP in vitro
Induced by the N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) N-3-oxo-hexanoyl-homoserine lactone (3OC6-HSL) and N-3-oxo-octanoyl-homoserine lactone (3OC8-HSL) (PubMed:22206669). Triggered by melatonin in leaves, cotyledons, hypocotyls, roots and guard cells (PubMed:29702752). Induced by osmotic stress (PubMed:33924609)
By notch signaling. By tbx6 together with thy1 and tcf3
Highly induced by galactose
Up-regulated in diffuse-type gastric cancers
Aerobically and anaerobically induced
By Igf1
Repressed via a negative regulatory feedback loop
By extracellular phosphoglycerate
By IL2 and CSF3. Induced by the endotoxin bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in primary bone marrow macrophages (BMDMs)
Transcribed during light cycle, reaching a peak after 6 hours of illumination, mRNA becomes undetectable during the dark. Part of the csoS1-ccbL-ccbS operon
Up-regulated by IL4/interleukin-4, IL6/interleukin-6 and chemokines including CXCL8 and CXCL12 (at protein level). Up-regulated during the G1/S transition of the cell cycle
Induced by heat and oxidation stress in shoots (PubMed:29272523). Induced in roots in response to cold and salt (PubMed:29272523)
Down-regulated by alpha-amanitin (AMA)
Induced by dietary PUFA-deficient diet. Induced by a fat-free diet and by a diet containing triolein (18:1n-9) as the only fat source. Down-regulated in liver by dietary PUFA
Not regulated by myriocin, squalestatin or terbinafine
Up-regulated during the G0 to S phase transition
Regulated by the CpxA/CpxR two-component system
Activated by oncostatin-M (PubMed:8999038). Up-regulated by IFNG/IFN-gamma (PubMed:15184896, PubMed:21261663). Up-regulated by bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) (PubMed:15184896). Up-regulated by triacylated lipoprotein (Pam3Cys) (PubMed:21261663)
Expression detected at 4 hours after induction by p53/TP53. Down-regulated in a wide range of human tumors
Up-regulated by beta3-adrenergic stimulation, starvation, glucocorticoids and leptin
By 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). No TPA-induced expression is seen in mice lacking Fos
By DNA damage (mitomycin C) as well as by darT overexpression
Expression is induced when the bacterium is grown on trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline (t4LHyp), and to a lesser extent when grown on cis-3-hydroxy-L-proline (c3LHyp) and cis-4-hydroxy-D-proline (c4DHyp) as sole carbon source. Expression is up-regulated by c3LHyp, and by several isomeric 3- and 4-hydroxyprolines
Up-regulated in cardiocytes in response to stretching for 48hr
Repressed by drought
Specifically produced in response to stress: in absence of stress, some upstream open reading frame (uORF) of this transcript is translated, thereby preventing its translation (PubMed:19131336). By methyl methanesulfonate and ionizing irradiation (PubMed:9153226). By IL24/interleukin-24 in melanoma cells; which induces apoptosis (PubMed:10490642, PubMed:12114539). By viral infection including enterovirus 71/EV71 or HIV-1 (PubMed:34985336, PubMed:31778897)
Up-regulated by stimulation by allergen or by cross-linking with IgE. The IgE-mediated activation is enhanced by tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA), a stimulator of the PKC pathway, and inhibited by the P13 kinase inhibitors, LY294002 and wortmannin. Up-regulated in invasive bile duct cancers
Induced in breast cancer tissue (at protein level). Up-regulated in liver tumor tissues
Expression on T-cells is drastically induced by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and Ca-ionophore or the engagement of CD3 and CD28
Not regulated by photoperiod or vernalization
Induced under conditions that produce singlet oxygen (shift from anaerobic photosynthetic to aerobic growth in light). Not induced by H(2)O(2), paraquat (stimulates superoxide formation) or diamide (alters the thiol redox state). Autoregulated. Part of the rpoE-chrR operon
Repressed by imazethapyr (IM), an herbicide of the imidazolines family
By Myc (at protein level)
Has a higher specific activity when grown as a surface pellicle rather than in agitated cultures (at protein level)
Up-regulared in chondrocytes culture by interleukin-1 and reduced by retinoic acid
By pectic catabolic products. Transcription of pelL is affected by growth phase, temperature, iron starvation, osmolarity, anaerobiosis, nitrogen starvation and catabolite repression. Regulation of pelL transcription appears to be independent of the KdgR repressor, but under the control of PecS
Induced by UV irradiation (PubMed:23246835). Down-regulated by wounding (PubMed:23246835)
By oxidative stress and heat shock
Expression is cell cycle dependent with the highest levels during G1, S, and M phases, and low level in G2 phase
Expression depends on the formation of the MET4-MET28-MET31 and MET4-MET28-MET32 complexes on its 5' upstream region
By the nicotinate utilization transcriptional activating systems
Circadian-regulation with peak levels occurring from the late afternoon hours until early morning and lowest levels during the afternoon in flowers
Activated by PrpR
Repressed by H-NS, induced by LeuO. A monocistronic operon
Not induced by salt treatment
By pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNFalpha, and also by ROS, oxidized low density lipoprotein, high glucose concentration, toll-like receptor agonists, and shear stress
Strongly down-regulated by wounding or by methyl jasmonate
Induced by salt and cold stresses
By cold shock, abscisic acid (ABA) and drought stress
By inflammatory stimuli; mediated by NF-kappa-B
Expression is up-regulated under iron depletion (PubMed:15755917, PubMed:17056706). Expression is repressed by the transcription repressor SRE1 under iron replete conditions (PubMed:23980626)
Transcriptionally regulated by VirF
Conflicting data is available; found to be a member of the pezAT operon (upon ectopic expression in E.coli); in S.pneumoniae strain 0100993 is found in an operon with the 2 following genes (SP_1052 and SP_1053)
Up-regulated in response to hypoxia. Up-regulated in response to fatty acids. Up-regulated by PPARD
By ER stress-inducing agents such as tunicamycin, thapsigargin, DTT and the calcium ionophore A23187 (at protein level)
Early induction by low temperature and abscisic acid (ABA). Late induction by drought and salt stresses
Induced by abscisic acid
The expression is subject to photoinduction in a wc-1 and wc-2 dependent manner
By cold, drought, propionic acid, chitin oligosaccharide elicitor and flagellin of P.avenae
Expression is up-regulated under nutrient depletion condition
Expressed during host plant infection
By nuclear factor-KB (NF-KB) and TNF. Induction by TNF depends upon activation of NF-KB
Up-regulated during leaf senescence (PubMed:28500268). Induced by salt stress (PubMed:29436050)
Up-regulated in response to glucose, serum, fatty acid starvation and AMPK activation using 5-aminoimidizole-4-carboxamide-1-beta- D-riboside
By L-lactate; aerobically
Up-regulated by methyl viologen (paraquat, MV) treatment, a herbicide triggering photooxidative stress
Not induced by surfactin
Positively regulated by RegX3 (PubMed:11101667). Part of the senX3-regX3 operon (PubMed:9426136). The two genes are separated by a rather long intercistronic region composed of a class of duplicated sequences named mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units (MIRUs) (PubMed:9426136)
Repressed by McbR
Circadian-regulation (PubMed:24442277). Down-regulated in axillary buds within 24 hours after decapitation and then up-regulated (PubMed:15908603). Down-regulated by the transcription factor ERF114 (PubMed:23616605). Down-regulated by heat (PubMed:24442277). Up-regulated by salt, cold and dark growth conditions (PubMed:24442277)
By Spo0A during nutrient starvation (PubMed:12817086). Repressed by AbrB during regular growth when nutrients are plentiful, in association with the transcriptional repressor Abh (PubMed:17720793)
Up-regulated in thioglycolate-elicited mouse peritoneal macrophages
Expression is induced by ETV1
Down-regulated by dark treatment
Positively regulated by the two-component system YycFG
Induced by etoposide
Expressed at very low levels under standard laboratory conditions
By gamma radiation, hydrogen peroxide and infection by P.syringae
Highly expressed in mitotic cells from metaphase to telophase. Expression in non-mitotic cells is very low
In motor neurons after injury
Induced by inflammatory stimuli (PubMed:20558821). Up-regulated by the anorexigenic signal leptin via the transcription factor cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB). Suppressed by orexigenic signal glucocorticoid that mobilizes NR3C1 to inhibit NR4A3 expression by antagonizing the action of CREB (PubMed:23897430)
Up-regulated in denervated muscles (at protein level). Up-regulated during myogenesis in the embryo and in cell culture models of myogenic differentiation via the p38 MAPK signaling pathway
Expressed in early embryonic state, adult active, and adult anhydrobiotic state (PubMed:23029181). Transcript abundance is high and expression levels are not significantly affected by desiccation or rehydratation (PubMed:23761966)
Expression is sigma E-dependent and negatively regulated by spo0A
The gene is not expressed under normal growth conditions
Negatively regulated by microRNAs miR157
Not induced by salt, abscisic acid, mannitol, H(2)O(2), low temperature, MMS or iron
By TGF-beta and GDNF. Expressed in a circadian manner in the liver with a high at ZT14-18 and a low at ZT2 (at protein level). Expressed in a circadian manner in the bone, kidney and skeletal muscle. Up-regulated in response to glucose
Up-regulated in ovarian cancer cell lines
Expression is regulated by the transcription factors AP1 and PDR1 (PubMed:28066366)
Constitutively expressed at low level (PubMed:11950974). Not induced by methyl jasmonate treatment (PubMed:11950974). Induced by transition from dark to white light (PubMed:21896889)
Inducibly expressed in T-lymphocytes upon activation of the T-cell receptor (TCR) complex. Induced after addition of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) (PubMed:9388475, PubMed:10072529). Expressed during osteoclastogenesis, its induction and activation is regulated by TNFSF11/RANKL
By platelet-derived growth factor. In lung, by lipopolysaccharide or inflammation (By similarity)
By at least 3 types of regulation: the mating-type of the cell, nutritional conditions and pheromone signaling
Stimulated during seed imbibition (PubMed:24989044). Induced by gibberellins (GAs) and repressed by DELLA proteins (e.g. GAI/RGA2, RGA/RGA1/GRS and RGL2/SCL19) in an ATML1- and PDF2-dependent manner (PubMed:24989044). Upon seed imbibition, increased GA levels in the epidermis reduce DELLA proteins abundance and release, in turn, ATML1 and PDF2 which activate LIP1 expression, thus enhancing germination potential (PubMed:24989044)
Induced by infection with the fungal blast (M.grisea) and bacterial blight (X.oryzae pv. oryzae, Xoo)
Induced by heat stress (PubMed:23994682). Induced by wounding (PubMed:23246835). Down-regulated by UV irradiation (PubMed:23246835)
By interferon gamma and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) (PubMed:7568052). By interleukin-13 (IL13) (PubMed:15647285)
Expression is repressed by high external lysine concentrations (PubMed:8808945, PubMed:21441513). The HTH-type transcriptional regulator ArgP is the main regulator of lysP transcription (PubMed:21441513). Under lysine-limiting growth conditions, ArgP functions as a transcriptional activator by binding directly to the lysP promoter region (PubMed:21441513). In the presence of lysine, Lys-loaded ArgP may prevent expression of the gene (PubMed:21441513). In addition, expression is activated by the global regulator Lrp under lysine-limiting conditions (PubMed:21441513). Expression is not affected by pH (PubMed:8808945)
Up-regulated after memory training in radial arm maze experiments (PubMed:11573004). Up-regulated after sciatic nerve injury (PubMed:28111162)
Up-regulated in roots after treatment with asparagine (PubMed:23098902). Induced in roots by infection with the soil-born fungal pathogen Verticillium longisporum (PubMed:24505423). Induced in roots by abscicic acid (ABA) and salt stress (PubMed:31161264)
Induced in roots by exposure to air, abscisic acid (ABA) and salt treatment
Expression probably induced in both active and resting C57BL/6 mouse macrophages
Expressed in presence of L-arabinol and repressed in presence of glucose and glycerol. Expression is also pH regulated probably through the action of the pacC transcription factor and is higher at acidic pHs
Up-regulated by disturbed flow in umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro (PubMed:25190803)
Expression is regulated by ClgR (PubMed:25899163). Induced by carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP) (PubMed:25899163). Induced by the cell envelope stressor SDS (PubMed:27002134)
By lipopolysaccharide (LPS), IFNB1 and IFNG, IFNB1 being most rapid and potent inducer (at protein level). Not induced by anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL4 and IL10, which also inhibit LPS induction of TRAFD1
Expression is up-regulated by copper deficiency and decreased dramatically when the copper concentration increases (PubMed:25281782). Expression is up-regulated by the deletion of ctrC (PubMed:25281782)
Repressed by IscR. rnlA-rnlB forms an operon, the downstream rnlB also has its own promoter
By high-salt stress, drought stress and abscisic acid (ABA) treatment
By 1,10-phenanthroline
Induced by nitric oxide
Not induced by bacterial challenge in larvae
Deletion of the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) H19 leads to a decreased DUSP29 expression in muscle (at protein level). Down-regulated in muscle of high-fat diets-induced glucose-intolerant mice (PubMed:30201684). Induced during neurogenic skeletal muscle atrophy (PubMed:32639872)
By transcription factor SBF (SWI4-SWI6 cell-cycle box binding factor) in a cell cycle-regulated manner. Peaks in G1 phase
Down-regulated by drought
Under anaerobic growth conditions and by nitrite
By steroids
Expression is up-regulated by 3'3'-cGAMP production (at both mRNA and protein levels) (PubMed:25837739). Transcripts are more abundant in biofilm cells than in planktonic cells (PubMed:25343965)
Expression is not constitutive, as initially thought, but regulated in response to levels of zinc and phosphate in the medium (PubMed:19054109). Expression is repressed by the PhoQP-regulated MgrR sRNA (PubMed:30276893)
By glutaric acid
Expression is sensitive to carbon catabolite repression, but nearly insensitive to nitrogen catabolite repression
By IFNG/IFN-gamma in most cells (PubMed:2109605, PubMed:1907934). Exogenous inflammatory stimuli induce the expression of IDO1 in antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells, macrophages and B-cells (PubMed:25157255)
Slightly induced during the mycelium to yeast transition
The RamS precursor protein (detected by an anti-propeptide antibody and by a C-terminal His-tag) is detected from at least 16 hours post-germination on both rich and minimal media and is detected for at least 52 hours (at protein level) (PubMed:22486809). The mature lanthionine-containing peptide SapB is expressed by 3 days growth on rich medium, expression increases slightly over 7 days (at protein level). Expression requires ramR, not expressed in minimal medium (at protein level) (PubMed:12453210). Not synthesized in bld mutants (blocked in aerial hyphae formation), synthesized in whi mutants (spore formation is prevented) (at protein level) (PubMed:2032288). SapB is expressed on rich but not minimal medium (at protein level) (PubMed:2032288, PubMed:17462011). However it is expressed after 6 days growth on minimal medium in a chaplin-negative strain (at protein level) (PubMed:17462011). Induced by growth on osmolytes; slight induction by 10% sucrose, more strongly induced by 0.5 M KCl (at protein level) (PubMed:22309453). Probably part of the ramC-ramS-ramA-ramB operon (PubMed:12100547, PubMed:12453210). Also has its own, ramR-independent promoter. On both rich and minimal medium transcription is constitutive, rising to a plateau about 24 hours post-germination on all media; unaffected by ramR disruption (PubMed:22486809)
Induced by salt, cold and drought
By anaerobic growth in the presence of NO
By inflammation. Under normal conditions, long forms starting at Met-1 are dominant. Inflammation causes selective induction of short forms starting at Met-519
By cytokines such as insulin, interferon-gamma, and phytohemagglutinin in adrenal gland, macrophages, and T-cell respectively
Down-regulated upon activation of B-cells
In adipose tissue, expression is inhibited by diet-induced obesity, the inhibition is mediated by leptin
Strongly induced in EPCAM-positive liver cells in response to liver damage caused by long-term 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydro-collidine (DDC) feeding
By methyl jasmonate and wounding; but not by sucrose
Transcribed in light but much less in the dark in both normal air and 1% CO(2); the nitrogen source has no effect on transcription. Constitutively expressed when grown on fructose. Transcribed separately from rbcL-rbcX-rbcS
By Mn and Fe deficiency in roots
By retinoic acid; in promyelocytic leukemia NB4 and in myeloblast HL-60 cell lines. Activated by IFN-alpha in monocytic cell line U-937 and in peripheral blood monocyte cells
Expression has a diurnal peak under light/dark cycling, but remains stable under constant darkness
By troglitazone and pioglitazone (selective PPARG agonists), by prostaglandin J2 (PGJ2) and by L165,041 (a PPARD ligand), by vitamin D3 and, to a lesser extent, by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) in the promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells. No induction by retinoic acid, nor by clofibrate (a specific PPARA agonist) (PubMed:16269462). Up-regulated by fasting (PubMed:21982743)
Up-regulated by boron supply
Induced by abscisic acid (ABA) and cycloheximide (PubMed:19497355). Induced by tunicamycin, azetidine-2-carboxylate (AZC) and osmotic stress (PubMed:21943253)
Up-regulated in peripheral blood lymphocytes in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS)
Constitutively expressed; the ttgGHI operon is further induced about 4-fold by toluene and styrene but not by antibiotics
By heat shock (60 degrees Celsius), with a 2-fold increase (at protein level)
Is up-regulated when the bacterium is grown on c3LHyp or t3LHyp as sole carbon source
Up-regulated by MKK4
By IL6/STAT3 signaling in T-helper Th17 cells
Induced by gravity in roots
Expression independent of FadR (PubMed:12535077). FadK is not expressed under aerobic growth conditions, the levels of anaerobic expression vary with the terminal electron acceptor, with more expression during growth on fumarate than on nitrate (at protein level) (PubMed:15213221)
Expression is induced by both entry into stationary phase, via RpoS, and cold-shock stress
By type I and type III interferons. Isoform 2 is induced by HSV-1
Part of the sigI-rsgI operon, which is transiently induced by heat stress. Expression is positively autoregulated via the sigma-I promoter (PubMed:11157964, PubMed:17185538). In exponentially growing cells, expression is regulated by the WalRK two-component system, which represses the sigma-I promoter and activates the sigma-A promoter, leading to the formation of a basal level of SigI (PubMed:23199363). WalRK can also positively and directly regulate transcription of the operon under heat stress through a binding site located upstream of the sigma-I promoter (PubMed:24125693). Repressed by glucose (PubMed:17185538)
Up-regulated by morphogenetic neuropeptide, also called head activator or HA (PubMed:11082041). Up-regulated under hypoxic conditions in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, a physiological condition encountered by these cells in the endosteum. This up-regulation may be mediated by HIF1A-induced transcription (PubMed:23486467)
Up-regulated by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) (at protein level) (PubMed:18291623)
By 20-hydroxyecdysone (20HE)
Expression is under strict control of the medium composition. Induced by citrate, probably via the two-component regulatory system CitT/CitS. Repressed by rapidly metabolized carbon sources like glucose, glycerol and inositol, via the carbon catabolite repression system. Is also repressed by succinate and glutamate, albeit to a lesser extent
Induced by methanethiol, dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and methylmercaptopropionic acid (MMPA)
Transcribed in a periodic manner during the cell cycle with maximal mRNA levels occurring just prior to the onset of DNA replication. The promoter contains 8-base-pair motifs (ACGCGTNA) called the MluI cell-cycle boxes (MCBs), which mediate transcription regulation by SWI6
Ovarian expression levels tend to be low throughout vitellogenesis. Expression levels increase at the anticipated spawning period, and gradually decrease afterwards until the onset of ovarian recrudescence
Down-regulated by phagocytic stimuli and up-regulated by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, PAO1 strain and PA14 strain infection
Expression is under the control of the secondary metabolism regulator laeA (PubMed:17432932). Expression is completely abrogated when gliT is deleted in cells exposed to exogenous gliotoxin (PubMed:25311525)
During growth rate
Induced by UV-C (PubMed:15155891). Induced during seed imbibition (PubMed:20584150). Induced slightly by bleomycin (BLM), a radiomimetic reagent that generates DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) (PubMed:26074930)
Expressed early in the interaction with Arabidopsis plants
Down-regulated following embryonic stem cells differentiation
Up-regulated by gibberellins within 20 minutes after treatment and down-regulated by abscisic acid and ethylene
Repressed by HAP43 and in absence of GOA1
Neither induced by hyperosmotic stress nor by ABA
Not induced after treatment with Sinorhizobium meliloti
Induced in ovaries by chorionic gonadotropin (CG)
Transcription is strongly induced during mouse infection
By dietary protein, amino acids and medium-chain triacylglycerol
Down-regulated in actively dividing cells. Not detectable in suspension cultures. Accumulates only in cells that are attached to a solid substrate (in vitro)
Regulated by cAMP, dexamethasone, glucagon and by insulin. Dexamthasone, glucagon and cAMP increase levels, insulin decreases levels
Positively regulated by cell integrity signaling through MPK1 in response to cell wall perturbation
Induced by heat in shoots (PubMed:29272523). Repressed in roots in response to drought, oxidation stress and salt (PubMed:29272523)
(S+)-propane-1,2-diol is the most effective whereas (R-)-propane-1,2-diol, ethanediol and glycerol are weaker inducers
Expressed during growth phase (at protein level)
Expression is dependent on the transcription factors that regulate motile cilia such as Rfx and Fd3F
Up-regulated in response to infection with the bacteriim E.tarda
Induced by drought, cold and salt stresses, heat shock, hydrogen peroxide and methyl viologen
Down-regulated in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells resistant to PARP inhibitor drugs (PubMed:26625211, PubMed:28196596, PubMed:27440269, PubMed:28212573). Up-regulated by type I interferons, poly-IC and poly-dAdT (PubMed:20956525, PubMed:23000900)
Induced upon high iron conditions
Up-regulated by osmotic stress, sugar deprivation, high salinity, and hypoxia (PubMed:15897230, PubMed:22214485). Up-regulated by abscisic acid treatment and drought stress (PubMed:22214485, PubMed:26662273). No effect of thiamine, salicylic acid or paraquat treatments (PubMed:12941878, PubMed:22214485). Down-regulated by dark incubation (PubMed:12941878)
By benzothiadiazole (BTH)
Up-regulated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) (at protein level)
Constitutively expressed, further induced by cold (60) or heat (90 degrees Celsius) shock (at protein level)
Induced by glucagon and insulin
Most efficiently induced by formate during post-exponential growth at low external pH (pH 6.5) in the absence of respiratory electron acceptors O(2+), NO(3-) or trimethylamine-N-oxide, i.e. under anaerobic control. Transcription is activated by FhlA and HyfR, inhibited by HycA, part of the sigma-54 (rpoN) regulon. Second member of a 10 gene operon (hyfABCDEFGHIJ); it is not clear if the 2 following genes (hydR-focB) are also in the operon
Up-regulated by interleukin-7
By pregnenolone 16-alpha-carbonitrile (PNCN) and dexamethasone
Expression is dependent on the growth phase and decreases in the late log phase
By ferric nitrilotriacetate, NMDA and amphetamine
Increased by TNF
Protein level is negatively regulated by KhpA/KhpB at the transcriptional level (at protein level)
Up-regulated by pathogen, methyl violagen, salicylic acid, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) and salt. Down-regulated by methyl jasmonate and gibberellic acid
By cadmium and lead. Down-regulated by salt stress
Induced by heat shock (PubMed:24459431). Induced by drought, cold and salt stresses (PubMed:24459431, PubMed:26505346). Induced by abscisic acid (ABA) (PubMed:24459431, PubMed:26505346)
Induced by the two-component regulatory system CreC/CreB and by the signal autoinducer AI-2
Up-regulated by mta
Up-regulated upon hypertonic conditions, this up-regulation in not observed in ES cells
Down-regulated during granulocytic differentiation
Expression in C6 glioma cells was transiently induced by treatment with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), but not by forskolin
Slightly up-regulated in a low ammonia medium
In response to DNA damage
Induced by daf-16
By auxin (PubMed:7658471). Up-regulated by cytokinin treatment through the primary cytokinin-response transcription factor ARR1 (PubMed:19039136). Down-regulated by light in the presence of sucrose, but up-regulated in the absence of sucrose (PubMed:11884676)
Accumulates in root tissue in response to ethylene (ET, ACC) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) (PubMed:11725949, PubMed:12529537, PubMed:18400103). Stimulated by the salicylic acid analog 2,6-dichloro-isonicotinic acid (INA) (PubMed:12529537, PubMed:18400103). Expressed after wounding (PubMed:12529537, PubMed:18400103). Repressed in response to salicylic acid treatment (PubMed:11725949). Strongly induced in response to the incompatible bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (avrRpt2) but only weakly by the compatible strain P.syringae DC3000 (PubMed:12618363). First down-regulated early during diamond back moth (Plutella xylostella) larvae (DBM) feeding before being up-regulated after 24 h (PubMed:18400103)
By glucose in pancreatic islets
By activin. Weakly by bFGF
Up-regulated by ER stress at the transcript and protein levels, the increase at the protein level is much higher than at the transcript level. This induction is accompanied by increased proteolytic cleavage that releases the N-terminal transcription factor domain
Expression is up-regulated by the transcription factor HSF1
Up-regulated by parathyroid hormone, forskolin and phorbol ester in osteoblasts
Expressed under the control of SigD (major), the transcripts being predominants at the exponential growth phase, and SigA (minor). Repressed by LytR and YvrH
Strongly up-regulated by progestin treatment
In cultured cells, expressed only at temperatures <30 degrees Celsius. Under conditions of high osmolarity and alkaline pH (as it is the case in the host's intestine), it is expressed at 37 degrees Celsius
Up-regulated during early stages of myoblast differentiation
By aldehyde stress, positively regulates its own expression
By phenobarbital and the insecticide permethrin
Up-regulated in growing collateral arteries
Not induced by white or UV-B light
The toxin locus has divergently transcribed operons maximally expressed during early stationary phase. This is part of the p47-ntnh-botA operon (PubMed:15158256). The crude toxin extract was isolated from cells that had been growing statically for 96 hours (at protein level) (PubMed:19915042)
Circadian-regulation with peak levels occurring at night and lower levels after dawn under both diurnal and constant light conditions in a CCA1- and LHY-dependent manner
Expression is strongly induced under nutrient excess during the logarithmic growth phase, whereas it remains under the detection level in the supernatant of cultures grown under nutrient limitation
By heat shock, high-salt and drought stresses
By osmotic stress and abscisic acid (ABA). Down-regulated by chilling
Slightly induced by salt (NaCl) stress
Induced by RIM101 at pH8, hypoxia, ketoconazole, ciclopirox, and during hyphal growth. Regulated by UPC2 and BCR1
By heat stress dependent on the heat shock transcription factor HSF1 and the general stress transcription factors MSN2 and MSN4. Expressed at a higher level in respiring cells than in fermenting cells. Expressed in stationary phase cells and spores (at protein level)
Mainly expressed during the logarithmic phase
Up-regulated by high salinity conditions (NaCl exposure)
(Microbial infection) Expression is highly induced in CD14(+) monocytes, neutrophils, and developing neutrophils of patients infected by SARS-COV-2
By certain acidic polysaccharides found in carrot root extract
Up-regulated by brassinosteroids, at a post-transcriptional level
Up-regulated in failing heart
Induced at low environmental pH (at protein level). Part of the speFL-speF-potE operon (PubMed:1939141). Expression induced by ornithine (at protein level) (PubMed:32094585) (Probable)
By cAMP and anaerobiosis
Repressed by high light intensity due to a transient decrease in mRNA stability. Also down-regulated at lower light intensities by low temperature or limited carbon dioxide supply
By heat shock, salt stress, oxidative stress and glucose limitation
Induced at the loose aggregate stage and expressed through the remainder of development
By resveratrol and tannins
Up-regulated on the surface of platelets upon activation
Under oxidative stress conditions. By agents such as diamide, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BOOH) and cadmium in a transcriptional factors YAP1 and/or MSN2/4-dependent manner
Negatively regulated by miR-489-5p
Up-regulated approximately 4-fold in G2 when compared to S phase. Down-regulated approximately 3-fold by gamma-irradiation
By growth with glucose as a carbon source
Up-regulated in activated microglia and by fibrillar amyloid-beta peptide in activated astrocytes
Constitutively expressed (PubMed:19121005), increases in stationary phase and at 45 degrees Celsius (PubMed:19121005) (at protein level)
Slightly down-regulated in adults fed a high calorie diet
The adhR-yraA operon is induced by formaldehyde and methylgloxal, under the control of AdhR (PubMed:19170879). A second yraA-specific transcription unit is not induced by formaldehyde or methylglyoxal and is not controlled by AdhR (PubMed:19170879). Transcribed under partial control of SigM ECF sigma factor (PubMed:17434969)
In the presence of glucuronides
By cold shock (e.g. from 22/17 to 16/12 degrees Celsius in light/night respectively)
Slightly induced by dark, abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA)
By concanavalin A and pokeweed mitogen in splenocytes
Up-regulated by hypoxia in cultured rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (PubMed:26316022). Down-regulated by TNF in cultured rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (PubMed:26316022). Down-regulated by the inflammatory mediators LPS and TNF in primary monocyte-derived macrophages via a c-Jun N-terminal kinase mediated mechanism (PubMed:30659109)
The promoter contains a number of GATA sequences; however, expression occurs in a constitutive fashion and is not regulated by the concentration of iron available to the cells (PubMed:9790585)
Slightly up-regulated by spermine (Spm)
May be transcriptionally regulated by ANGUSTIFOLIA
By abscisic acid (ABA) and osmotic and salt stresses (at protein level). Induced by methyl viologen
Estrogen-responsive; regulated by estrogen receptors. Regulated by androgens. The regulatory region of the gene contains 3 estrogen-responsive elements
Differentially regulated in response to exogenous hormone treatment. In particular, auxin is a strong inducer
Up-regulated by SALL1
Up-regulated by agr and sae loci. Down-regulated by sigma B factor
Induced by zinc. Regulates transcription of its own promoter in response to zinc through a positive autoregulatory mechanism
A shorter open reading frame encoding a protein called DinS, encoded by a 0.4 kb mRNA encoded within the insK transcript, is repressed by LexA, induced by DNA damage
Up-regulated when diet is restricted
Expression is induced by asparagine
Induced by salt stress and infection with the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Down-regulated by cold stress and wounding
Induced by abscisic acid (ABA), salicylate (SA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and ethylene
Transiently up-regulated by the endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica
Expression is negatively regulated by Wnt/beta-catenin pathway
Down-regulated in response to toll-like receptor ligand
Down-regulated by pro-apoptotic stimuli (PubMed:21212266). However, the pro-apoptotic cisplatin increases protein levels by inhibiting polyubiquitination (PubMed:18458088). IL1B increases protein levels through protein stabilization and increase of translation efficiency (PubMed:24379400)
Differentially expressed in response to changes in the pH with aximal expression at neutral pH and no expression detected below pH 6.0. Expression is controlled by RIM101. Expression is also increased during adhesion onto human epithelia
By wnt signaling. Mutually antagonizes bmp4 signaling. Inhibited in the neural plate by foxd5. The anterior limit of expression at the future border between the prethalamus and thalamus is defined by mutual repression with the anterior repressor fezf2, and also by arx. Induced by retinoic acid (RA) during kidney development
By cold stress for at least 9 days at 4 degrees Celsius
Induced by envelope stress such as overexpression of misfolded periplasmic proteins (PubMed:9351822). Induced by alkaine pH (tested up to pH 8.4) (PubMed:9473036, PubMed:16166523). Induction is decreased in a degP deletion (PubMed:16166523). Transcription is stimulated by the Cpx two-component signal transduction pathway; sigma factor E (rpoE) is not involved (PubMed:9351822, PubMed:9473036, PubMed:10972835). Transcription induced by spheroplasting, which removes the periplasm and thus this protein; if the protein is anchored to the outer surface of the inner membrane induction does not occur (PubMed:10972835). Induced in persister cells (PubMed:16768798)
Expressed at low levels in exponential and slightly higher levels in stationary phase (at protein level)
Up-regulated during growth in alkaline conditions, in response to various filament-inducing conditions, and during oropharyngeal candidiasis. Induced in both white and opaque cells. Induced by SFL2 and repressed by RFG1, SFL1, and by NRG1 under non-filament-inducing conditions. Also repressed by linalool. Expression is also regulated by BRG1 and EFG1
By hyperosmotic stress in leaf blades, leaf sheaths and roots. Induced at lower level by abscisic acid (ABA)
In response to low temperature. Negatively autoregulated. Induced by cold shock (42 to 15 degrees Celsius) (at protein level) (PubMed:8898389)
Strongly up-regulated by abscisic acid, osmotic stress and drought, up-regulated by wounding, jasmonic acid or salicylic acid and not induced by salt, cold or auxins
Repressed by hypoxic conditions
Up-regulated by cadmium and zinc, but not by lead or copper. Up-regulated by cold, drought and salt stress. Not induced by abscisic acid or by leaf senescence
Expressed under the dual control of sigma-B (PubMed:9296790) and sigma-H factors (PubMed:9296790, PubMed:9852014). The sigma-B-dependent promoter drives expression of yvyD under stress conditions and after glucose starvation, whereas a sigma-H-dependent promoter is responsible for yvyD transcription following amino acid depletion (PubMed:9852014). Also claimed to be under sole control of sigma-H (PubMed:22950019)
Accumulates in roots cortical cells containing arbuscules, in a RAM1-dependent manner, upon arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis with Glomus versiforme (PubMed:20453115, PubMed:26511916). Triggered by RAM1 (PubMed:26511916)
Expression is 8-fold up regulated when aflR is deleted (PubMed:23207690)
Undergoes rapid but transient induction upon transfer to sporulation medium
Up-regulated a dose dependent manner following exposure to both UV LIGHT and cisplatin. Unaffected by exposure to hydrogen peroxide
Induced by a combination of high pH and sodium ions
Rapidly induced by dehydration. Down-regulated by Pi starvation and induced by cytokinins
By abscisic acid (ABA), phosphate (Pi) deprivation, cold, sucrose, mannose, and water stress
Induced in the presence of ethambutol or isoniazid
Constitutively transcribed when grown in a 12 h light/dark regime at 2000 umol photon/m(2)/s; decreased light, growth at 38 degrees Celsius or both increased transcripts up to 23-fold
Expression is induced in presence of cycloheximide and 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide (PubMed:12589826). Expression is up-regulated during biofilm formation (PubMed:25784162)
In stationary phase (PubMed:19121005) and in minimal glucose or glycerol medium (PubMed:19734316) (at protein level)
Transactivated by SBP1
By Verticillium dahlia attack
Increased by phosphate depletion in osteosarcoma cell lines
Shows highest expression in the mid and late stages of infection in planta (PubMed:31053329). Expression is positively regulated by the dothistromin-specific transcription factors aflR and aflJ (PubMed:23207690, PubMed:25986547). Dothistromin biosynthetic proteins are co-regulated, showing a high level of expression at ealy exponential phase with a subsequent decline in older cultures (PubMed:17683963, PubMed:18262779)
Unlike many sigma factors not directly autoregulated. Expressed from 3 promoters. P1 is 55 nucleotides upstream of the major start codon, used during normal growth, repressed by surface stress, P2 is at the start codon, under control of MprAB and is induced following surface stress and alkaline pH leading to a leader-less RNA, while P3 is 63 nucleotides downstream of the major start codon, transcribed from a SigH-responsive promoter under conditions of oxidative stress and heat shock. Expressed in exponential phase; further induced by detergent (6-fold) and heat shock (3-fold, 45 degrees Celsius) under control of SigH. Positively regulated by MprAB, as is induction by detergent. 6-fold induced by starvation, not known by which promoter
By abscisic acid (ABA), salt, osmotic and drought stresses
Expression is induced by interleukin-2 (IL2), interleukin-7 (IL7) and interleukin-12 (IL12A and IL12B) on activated T-cells
By P.infestans
In bladder smooth muscle cells, exhibits night/day variations with low levels during the sleep phase, at circadian time (CT) 4-8 (at protein level). Expression starts to increase around CT12 and forms a plateau during the active phase (CT16-24) (at protein level)
Induced in response to thermal stress in conditions where severe cold temperatures are followed by warmer temperatures (PubMed:29664006). In particular, induced in the warming phase (10 to 22 degrees Celsius) during the cold (4 degrees Celsius) to warm (22 degrees Celsius) temperature transition (PubMed:29664006)
Expression significantly elevated by the presence of glucose. Down-regulated by unsaturated fatty acids oleic acid and Tween 80. Up-regulated during in vitro biofilm formation and hypoxic conditions
By pfl-activating enzyme under anaerobic conditions by generation of an organic free radical. Exposure of activated pfl to oxygen resulted in cleavage at the glycine residue harboring its organic radical with loss of the 25 C-terminal AA
Induced in sulfur-limiting conditions (at protein level)
Up-regulated in response to increased HD-ZIPIII activity (PubMed:18055602). Up-regulated by ATHB-14 (PubMed:18408069). Up-regulated by REV (PubMed:22781836)
Induced by abscisic acid (ABA) and drought stress (at protein level)
In the heart, up-regulated by the CLOCK/BMAL1 heterodimer. In podocytes, up-regulated by retinoic acid
Constitutively expressed at a low level
Up-regulated by muscular exercise. This effect can be mediated, at least partly, by PPARGC1A
Expression is decreased during the hyphal transition, in biofilm, as well as by heat stress, caspofungin, fluconazole, and alpha pheromone. Transcription is also regulated by ACE2 and SIT4
Repressed by the miRNA miR-JAW/miR319
Strongly up-regulated by pathogen infection (PubMed:10656596, PubMed:14984927, PubMed:20507517). Up-regulated by high salt and wounding (PubMed:14984927). Not induced by ethephon, ethylene, abscisic acid, salicylic acid or methyl jasmonate (PubMed:10656596, PubMed:20507517)
By ER stress-inducing agents tunicamycin, DTT, the calcium ionophore A23187, antimycin, monensin and H(2)O(2)
Expressed at low levels during exponential growth, considerably more protein expressed in stationary phase (at protein level) (PubMed:15601712). Positively controlled by GacA and negatively regulated by CsrA1 and CsrA2 (PubMed:15601712)
Expression is significantly up-regulated by oxidative stress (PubMed:19446606)
Expression is positively regulated by SNF1 (PubMed:23296496)
Constitutively expressed in a manner dependent on transcription factor FarB: levels are unaffected by varying lipidic or non-lipidic carbon source, or by oxidative stress
Induced by tunicamycin and heat shock (PubMed:18718935, PubMed:18980646). Induced by DTT and azetidine-2-carboxylate (PubMed:26186593)
Highly induced during the diauxic shift or during carbon-limited growth, and also induced by mild heat stress
Up-regulated by reactive oxygen species
Gas vesicle formation in this filamentous organism is restricted to specialized filaments called hormogonia which differentiate at the tapering ends of trichomes (PubMed:2997744). Transcribed during hormogonia differentiation in red light. Probably part of a gvpA1-gvpA2-gvpC operon. Transcription is maximal after 6 hours, degradation of the larger transcripts occurs rapidly between 9 and 12 hours or upon a shift to green light. All transcripts disappear between 12 and 24 hours (PubMed:3111941, PubMed:12324595). Gas vesicle formation is induced during hormogonia formation (growth in red light for 1 day) (at protein level) (PubMed:3098234)
Expression is under the control of MSN2 and MSN4, and is induced during diauxic shift and osmotic stress
By DNA damage, glucocorticoid treatment, growth factor deprivation and p53
Might be activated by XA21 in the nucleus upon pathogen infection (PubMed:20118235). Induced by biotic elicitors (e.g. fungal chitin oligosaccharide) (By similarity). Induced by pathogen infection (e.g. M.grisea and X.oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo)). Accumulates after treatment with benzothiadiazole (BTH) and salicylic acid (SA) (PubMed:16528562). Transactivated by WRKY45 (By similarity)
By bmp-antagonism. Fgf is required for maintenance of expression, but not for induction
Induced by infection with the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae
By starvation, heat stress, oxidative stress, and UV stress
Expression is induced in the presence of benzoic acid (PubMed:7646819, PubMed:10852481, Ref.4). Expression regulation is particularly complex, involving regulatory promoter elements, differential promoter use and regulation at the post-transcriptional level (PubMed:10852481)
(Microbial infection) Over-expressed following infection by Epstein-Barr virus
By bone morphogenetic proteins BMP-2 and BMP-4
Induced between 1 and 12 hours following adipogenic stimulus
Up-regulated in activated T-cells after immunization
Expression is regulated by a signal transduction pathway activated by auxin and cytokinin
Expression is up-regulated during tomato leaf infection (PubMed:21722295). Expression of the botcinic acid clusters genes BOA1-13 and BOA17 is coregulated by BCG1 during both in vitro and in planta growth (PubMed:21722295)
Down-regulated by hedgehog (Hh) signaling
Not regulated by auxin. Down-regulated by paclobutrazol
Up-regulated in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease
Expression is controlled by SWI5
Expression is up-regulated by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) under hypoxic conditions
By heat shock via the relief of repression carried out by the transcriptional regulator CtsR
Expressed from 2 promoters, 1 of which (sigRp2) positively regulates its own expression. The same promoter is transiently induced (about 70-fold) by the thiol-oxiding agent diamide. Also induced when mycothiol is oxidized or conjugated
Triggered by the transcription factor RLI1 to regulate leaf inclination in response to phosphate (Pi) availability (PubMed:29610209). Repressed by phosphate (Pi) deficiency in lamina joint cells in a RLI1-dependent manner (PubMed:29610209). By brassinolide (BL, e.g. 24-epibrassinolide) (PubMed:19648232, PubMed:29610209). Repressed by abscisic acid (ABA) (PubMed:19648232)
By aldosterone
S.cerevisiae has 2 types of acid phosphatase: one is constitutive and the other is repressible by inorganic phosphate
Induced under iron-limiting conditions
By hypoxic stimulus in retina (at protein level). Up-regulated by VEGF in retina
Up-regulated by glucose and by cholestyramine. Down-regulated by chenodeoxycholic acid
Induced by drought
Dexamethasone (DEX) induces expression of isoform beta and represses expression of isoform alpha. The alteration in expression is mediated by binding of glucocorticoid receptor to independent promoters adjacent to the alternative first exons of isoform alpha and isoform beta
Down-regulated in Dgn3 deficient mice
Induced by IL12/interleukin-12 in T-cells. Proposed to be a phenotypic marker for T-helper 1 (Th1) cells
Expression is induced during mating
Transcriptionally regulated by CpxR, which binds directly to the promoter region
Up-regulated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and the cytokine IFNG
Repressed by methionine via the S-box system
Induced by S.japonicum egg-mediated liver fibrosis at the site of egg granulomas; expression peaks at 12 weeks post infection with expression decreasing thereafter
Escape from X chromosome inactivation results in an increased expression in females (PubMed:31092820, PubMed:31001245). In monocytes and B cells, induced by type I and type II interferons as well as LPS (PubMed:31092820)
Strongly up-regulated in salivary gland during feeding
By CSF1 in fetal liver macrophages (PubMed:7888681). By interferon-alpha, by interferon-beta, by interferon-gamma and by bacterial infection with E.coli and M.smegmatis in embryonic fibroblasts (PubMed:23257510)
Induced by ethylene in roots
Induced after shifting to 50 degrees Celsius (at protein level) (PubMed:2691330). Induced when the level of outer membrane proteins (OMP) increases (at protein level) (PubMed:8276244, PubMed:10500101). Induced as periplasmic levels of LPS levels increase (PubMed:23687042). Induced by misfolded periplasmic proteins (PubMed:9351822). Transcription positively autoregulated (via promoter P2) (PubMed:7889935). Transcription slightly induced by elevated temperatures (PubMed:7889934). Transiently induced by cold shock in a PNPase-dependent fashion (PubMed:14527658). Translation repressed by CsrA which binds to 3 sites in the 5'-UTR which occludes the ribosome binding site (PubMed:28924029). Translation is coupled to upstream leader peptide RseD, whose stop codon overlaps with the start codon of rpoE; when coupling is eliminated translation is decreased by about 50% (PubMed:28924029). Part of the rseD-rpoE-rseA-rseB-rseC operon (PubMed:9159522, PubMed:9159523, PubMed:28924029)
Regulated by IGF-1
Expression is sigma D-dependent (PubMed:11751842). Expression is positively regulated by DegU, and very low levels of DegU-P are required for epr maximal expression (PubMed:19416356). Negatively regulated jointly by ScoC (Hpr) and SinR, which bind to their respective target sites 62 bp apart (PubMed:16923912). Spo0A positively regulates epr expression by negating the repressive effect of corepressors, SinR and ScoC (Hpr) (PubMed:23660663). Spo0A binds to the upstream region of epr promoter and in turn occludes the binding site of one of the corepressor, SinR (PubMed:23660663)
Induced by drought stress, salt stress, osmotic shock and abscisic acid (ABA)
Ninefold induction within 30-min exposure to abscisic acid and after 48 hours drought stress
Expressed during canola infection (PubMed:20507539). Expression is co-regulated with the other genes from the sirodesmin cluster and corresponds with sirodesmin production (PubMed:15387811)
Expression is positively regulated by the transcriptional regulator MoaR1
Not regulated by strigolactone, auxin signaling or bud growth status
Induced during anaerobic growth and by cold shock and heat shock
Induced by drought, high salinity and abscisic acid (ABA). Slightly up-regulated by jasmonic acid. Not induced by cold treatment
Down-regulated by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, PAO1 strain and PA14 strain infection and down-regulated by phagocytic stimuli
Up-regulated during calcium shortage
By high-salt and cold stress
By kainic acid in the dentate gyrus
By heat shock. Up-regulated by virus infection
Repressed by glucose and increased expression upon nitrogen depletion
Gene expression is stimulated by retinal hypoxia and suppressed by relative retinal hyperoxia
By TGFB1. Up-regulated by DNA damaging agents like H(2)O(2) or ionizing radiation (IR)
Up-regulated in B cells in response to runx1
Induced by melibiose, raffinose, galactose, galactosamine, dulcitol and stachyose (PubMed:9791127, PubMed:17101990). Expression is down-regulated by succinate and glucose, and by SyrA (PubMed:9791127)
Stimulated by jasmonic acid (MeJa) (PubMed:19011764). Induced by wounding (PubMed:32688942)
By TNF in cultured synoviocytes
Not induced during nodulation
Slightly induced by wounding (PubMed:18267087). Induced by wounding (PubMed:24430866, PubMed:31928671). Induced by cadmium and selenium in roots (PubMed:31928671)
Epigenetically down-regulated by vernalization
Up-regulated by abscisic acid and dark-induced senescence. Down-regulated by 6-benzyladenine. Circadian-regulation with an increased expression during the day and a peak at noon
Transcription starts around hour 2 of sporulation and requires sigma-E
By nopaline. But not by L-arginine or L-ornithine
Repressed by cold treatment
By rhamnogalacturonan type I (RG-I), a component of pectin from the plant cell wall
Down-regulated by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3
By the synthetic auxin naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 24-epibrassinolide. Down-regulated by kinetin
By polygalacturonates and galacturonate. Repressed by kdgR
Expression is positively regulated by idi-4
Up-regulated in uterine endometrial glands following the initiation of embryo implantation. By progesterone
Maximally expressed at post-exponential growth phase. Level of transcription reduced during exponential growth phase in hemB (delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase) mutant
Transcriptionally activated by InvF in association with SicA
Up-regulated in cells which display transient adaptation to mild oxidative stress by treatment with diethylmaleate, a glutathione-depleting agent. Also induced by retinoic acid
In plants undergoing RNA interference
Slightly induced by dark (PubMed:20238146). Triggered by pathogens such as Pseudomonas syringae pv. Tomato DC3000 (PubMed:20238146)
Expression is under the control of the secondary metabolism regulator laeA (PubMed:17432932). Expression is down-regulated when gliT is deleted and up-regulated upon exposure to exogenous gliotoxin (PubMed:25311525)
Induced by abscisic acid (ABA) and auxin. Down-regulated by wounding
Up-regulated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) (PubMed:27959965). Down-regulated by PPAR ligands (PubMed:27959965). Up-regulated upon pattern recognition receptor (PRR) stimulation (PubMed:28593945)
Strongly up-regulated by vancomycin
Up-regulated in activated B- and T-cells and upon mitochondrial stress by chloramphenicol
Up-regulated in hearts from hiberbating bats
Expression is positively regulated by GacS and negatively regulated by RsmE
By sonic ectopic hedgehog
Induced by OBP3, auxin and salicylic acid (SA). Repressed by jasmonic acid (JA), UV LIGHT, and heat treatments. Up regulated by iron deficiency in roots and leaves, as well as by nickel, high zinc or high copper treatments. Repressed by high iron, low copper and low zinc treatments
Induced in amino acid-rich medium under anaerobic conditions
No night/day variations
By heat shock, UVB, salt, wounding, abscisic acid, H(2)O(2) and salicylic acid
Released by primary epithelial cells in response to certain microbial products, physical injury, or inflammatory cytokines
Down-regulated by phagocytosis and growth on bacteria
By RpoS in the late exponential growth phase and upon entry into stationary phase. Expression is higher at 28 than 37 degrees Celsius. In rich medium DosC and DgcM are the major RpoS-dependent GGDEF-domain containing proteins in the cell, whereas in minimal medium it is the major RpoS-dependent GGDEF-domain containing protein. Highly expressed on solid medium. A member of the dosCP operon
Induced by aromatic amino acids and chorismate
By sucrose (PubMed:22561114). Induced by drought stress (PubMed:22561114)
Induced during preinfection and infection stages of nodulation in root and nodule tissues. Induced during root colonization by endomycorrhizal fungi in inner cortical cells containing recently formed arbuscules (PubMed:11386369, PubMed:16478046). Induced by Nod factors (PubMed:15489277). Induced during actinorhizal root nodulation following symbiotic association with the nitrogen-fixing actinomycete Frankia spp (PubMed:20459313)
By DNA damage in a p53-dependent manner, and by methamphetamine (METH) in a catecholaminergic cell line
By the DNA-damaging agent methyl methanesulphonate (MMS) (at protein level)
Up-regulated by androgen and TGF-beta (at protein level)
Expressed in both haploid and diploid yeast cells
By tomato fruit ripening. Expression in tomato fruits is up-regulated by exogenous application of ethylene and down-regulated by inhibition of ethylene receptors with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) (PubMed:26959229, PubMed:26716451). Up-regulated by plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) in tomato fruits (PubMed:26959229). Expression is not up-regulated by plant hormone auxin in tomato fruits (PubMed:26716451). Up-regulated by auxin and gibberellic acid (GA), and down-regulated by ethylene in seedlings (PubMed:28167023). Down-regulated during decapitation-induced axillary shoot development and by excision of immature leaves. Down-regulation is inhibited by the application of auxin on the cut surface (PubMed:27645097)
Before cytokinesis
By submergence in the meristematic zone of internodes
Down-regulated under iron limitation conditions
By follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
In cardiomyocytes, down-regulated in response to biomechanical stress
Expression is maximal in stationary phase and is repressed by the addition of glucose to the growth medium. CcpA protein is required for glucose repression. Acetoin does not act as an inducer. Up-regulated during the 80 to 100 minutes of spore germination and into the outgrowth phase
By a subset of cytokines including EPO/erythropoietin
Constitutively expressed at a high level with 2-fold further induction by mitomycin C treatment. Positively autoregulated
Certain mRNA species appear to be up-regulated by androgens in prostate cancer cells
Repressed by YetL (PubMed:19329649). Induced by several flavonoids (PubMed:19329649)
Induced by brassinosteroids (BR) but repressed by abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA)
By hypersalinity
During mitosis. The mRNA encoding this protein contains an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) in its 5'-UTR. This 5'-UTR generally suppresses translation while specifically promoting expression during mitosis, when cap-dependent translation may be impaired
Induced in leaves treated with abscisic acid (ABA)
Expressed at a low constitutive level, expression is increased after exposure to 42 degrees Celsius. Transcription is partially repressed by CtsR
Up-regulated by LPS and E.coli (PubMed:8702803, PubMed:10986288, PubMed:22002608, PubMed:26375259). In LPS-induced lung inflammation, markedly up-regulated after 6 hours of treatment and decreases at 24 hours. The induction is dependent upon DDIT3/CHOP-mediated ER stress (at protein level) (PubMed:16670335). In the spleen and in bone marrow-derived macrophages, up-regulated by poly(I:C), a synthetic analog of double-stranded RNA (at protein level) (PubMed:26320999, PubMed:26375259). Also induced by IFNG and interferon-alpha. Up-regulated by R848, a TLR7 synthetic activator, and Pam3CysK4, a synthetic activator of TLR1/TLR2 (PubMed:26375259)
During limiting aeration and in the presence of arginine
Cell cycle-regulated with highest activity in S phase. Moderately induced by DNA-damage
Accumulates in response to salt (e.g. NaCl) and osmotic stresses (e.g. mannitol)
By iron-starvation; however compared to Synechococcus PCC 7942 and Synechocystis PCC 6803 induction is very slow
Transcriptionally activated by genotoxic agents; possible role in DNA damage and induction of cellular resistance to genotoxic agents
By retinoic acid of P19 embryonic carcinoma stem cells induced by this treatment to differentiate into neuronal cells
Up-regulated in motile T-cells
Repressed on glucose
Induced by amino acid starvation and when translation is blocked. Induction is decreased in the absence of the Lon protease suggesting, by homology to other toxin-antitoxin systems, that Lon may degrade the HigA antitoxin. Transcription is negatively regulated by the cognate locus, probably by this protein. A member of the higB-higA operon
Induced by the powdery mildew fungus G.cichoracearum and the pathogenic bacteria P.syringae pv. tomato
Up-regulated by cadmium and nitrate
Up-regulated in colon in response to a high-fat diet. Also up-regulated in obese mice mutant for the leptin receptor LEPR (db/db genotype)
Expression is down-regulated during iron starvation
By mitomycin C in concentrations as low as 300 nM
By phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and ionomycin. Up-regulated early on T-cells and continues to be expressed into the later phases of T-cell activation
Expressed periodically during cell division. Requires ACE2, CBK1, MOB2 and SWI5. Expression is also increased under microgravity conditions
Surface ectoderm and neural tube are the sources of inductive signals required for gene expression and for somite formation
By 8-methoxypsoralen and UVA
Down-regulated by the expression of a huntingtin (HD) gene with an expanded polyglutamine repeat prior to the onset of neurological symptoms related to Huntington disease
Induced by drought. Accumulates in response to light, but transiently repressed in darkness
Up-regulated in a monocyte subset upon exposure to IL10, TGFB and MCSF
Induced by stress including low pH, heat shock and oxidative shock. Basal and acid-stressed expression level is regulated by transcription factors MSN2 and MSN4 as well as the HOG pathway
Suppressed by retinoic acid. RAR-selective retinoid is more effective than RXR-selective retinoid
Induced by many sorts of periplasmic stress. Produced upon spheroplast formation, not induced by growth in 0.5 M sucrose or 0.35 M NaCl, nor by mutants that have a leaky periplasmic space (at protein level) (PubMed:9068658). Induction is partially dependent on the Cpx envelope stress response encoded by cpxA-cpxR; does not depend on sigma factor E (rpoE) (PubMed:10972835). Induction is also partially dependent on the Bae envelope stress response encoded by baeS-baeR; cpx and baeS effects are independent (PubMed:12354228). Overexpression of P pili protein PapG induces spy expression via both Cpx and Bae, overexpression of outer membrane protein NlpE induces spy via only Cpx whereas indole induces spy expression only via Bae (PubMed:12354228). Induced by 1 mM zinc (at protein level) (PubMed:9694902), via Bae, which also regulates ethanol induction of spy (PubMed:24999585). Induced by copper via Cpx (PubMed:24999585). Induced by tannic acid (to 25% of total periplasmic protein), butanol (to 20% total periplasmic protein) and ethanol (to 5% total periplasmic protein) (at protein level) (PubMed:21317898)
By BRM and SYD, at the chromatin level, and conferring a very specific spatial expression pattern. Precise spatial regulation by post-transcriptional repression directed by the microRNA miR164
By fruit ripening
During pregnancy and lactation (PubMed:10525157)
Inhibited by neurogenic stress or osmotic stress
Up-regulated transiently following acute injury of the sciatic nerve with a peak after 44 hours
Expression is up-regulated in appressoria-forming germlings on locust cuticle (PubMed:29958281). Expression is also up-regulated during conidiation (PubMed:29958281)
3-fold repressed by starvation
By glycol chitin and fungal elicitor in suspension cell culture and ethephon in leaves
By ammonium nitrate in roots. Expressed in roots with a circadian rhythm showing an increase after onset of light, a peak approximately at midday and a decline to lowest levels before offset of light
By p53/TP53 following DNA damage: expression is directly activated by p53/TP53 (at protein level)
Up-regulated during germ cell differentiation in testis
Expression is induced by cell wall integrity inhibitors such as glucanex, SDS, congo red and caffeine
By exogenous acetylputrescine and agmatine, but not by putrescine
Induced by sulfate starvation (PubMed:8917599). Induced by cadmium (PubMed:16502469)
Exhibits night/day variations with a 5-fold increased expression at night in the pineal gland (at protein level). Up-regulation is due to a large degree to the release of norepinephrine from nerve terminals in the pineal gland and cAMP signaling pathway
By one-carbon metabolites, such as methanol, formaldehyde, and formate (at protein level) (Ref.3). Strongest induced by formaldehyde (PubMed:16232936)
By urea and proline
By multistress. Expression is controlled by the MSN2 and MSN4 transcriptional regulators
Expressed in exponential phase, strongly induced in stationary phase (PubMed:19121005) and in minimal glucose or glycerol medium, in low oxygen, by SDS/EDTA (envelope stress) and by H(2)O(2) (PubMed:19734316) (at protein level)
Up-regulated in fibroblasts upon ionizing radiation, via a TP53-dependent pathway. Up-regulated by TP63 in primary keratinocytes, and down-regulated during keratinocyte differentiation. Up-regulated upon DNA alkylation. Up-regulated by amyloid beta-peptide and retinoic acid. Up-regulated by hypoxia, via a PI3K and HIF1A-dependent but TP53/TP63-independent mechanism (at protein level)
Expression is specifically induced by several chlorophenols, especially if they contained three or more chlorine atoms in their structures, such as 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (PubMed:20144725, PubMed:12957890)
Expression is increased in absence of RPN14 and upon treatment with tunicamycin, an agent which causes accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum
PIF4-dependent regulation by temperature (PubMed:31127632). In low thermo-responsive cultivars (e.g. Col-0), higher expression at 28 degrees Celsius than at 22 degrees Celsius in petioles but not in leaf blades (PubMed:31127632). In high thermo-responsive cultivars (e.g. cv. Alst-1 and cv. Ang-0) higher expression at 28 degrees Celsius than at 22 degrees Celsius in both petioles and leaf blades (PubMed:31127632)
Strongly down-regulated in breast cancer cells
Induced by 2,4,6-TCP and subject to catabolic repression by glutamate
Expression is induced when NaNO(3) is used as sole nitrogen source
Repressed by cold shock
Expressed constitutively, reaches maximum expression in early log phase and remains constant until stationary phase. Similar levels are seen when cells are grown under iron-limiting conditions, anoxically or in the presence of human serum, which mimic clinical infections (at protein level)
By H(2)O(2) exposure but not by UV irradiation
Not induced by high-light treatment
Down-regulated by neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine
Up-regulated upon dextran sodium sulfate-induced inflammation in gastrointestinal tract
Exhibits no circadian rhythm expression
Induced by cycloheximide (CHX), cold/dark treatment, cadmium, lead, sclareol and sclareolide. Repressed by abscisic acid (ABA). Induced by infection of avirulent and virulent bacterial pathogens (Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato with or without avrRpt2, avrRpm1 or avrRps4, respectively) and fungal pathogens (e.g. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) (PubMed:20605856, PubMed:23815470, PubMed:23836668, PubMed:24889055). Strong focal but transient accumulation outside of the plasma membrane within papillae or at the host-pathogen interface, in response to pathogens and in the presence of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) such as flagellin-derived peptides (e.g. flg22 and elf18), and cell walls of fungal pathogens and insect pests derived molecules (e.g. hydrolyzed chitin); this focal accumulation requires actin and is suppressed by the bacterial effector AvrPto (PubMed:23815470, PubMed:23836668)
Expression increases during infection of rice
Expression is regulated by both purR and xptR regulons. Negatively regulated by hypoxanthine and guanine
By DNA-damaging agent methyl methanesulphonate (MMS) (at protein level)
Up-regulated during fetal mononuclear myoblast differentiation (PubMed:17150207, PubMed:24687993). Up-regulated during cytotrophoblast differentiation (PubMed:9055809). Up-regulated during granulocyte differentiation (PubMed:9055809). Isoform 1 and isoform 2 are down-regulated in T lymphocytes upon T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) stimulation (PubMed:27556504). Isoform 1 and isoform 2 are up-regulated by FOXO1 (PubMed:23241886)
By UV treatment. Negatively regulated by MYB66/WER, GL3 and BHLH2 in the developing non-hair cells, and positively regulated by CPC and TRY in the developing hair cells
Induced by low temperature (PubMed:20141629). Induced by drought stress, salt stress and abscisic acid (PubMed:16924117)
Not induced by abscisic acid or auxin
Up-regulated in macrophages upon induction by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and IFNG
Induced under anaerobic conditions in the presence of fumarate or malate, but not tartrate. Is repressed under aerobic conditions
By heat shock and by exposure to sub-MIC concentrations of several antimicrobial agents such as doxycycline, erythromycin and penicillin
All isoforms are induced during retinoic acid-mediated differentiation and by cAMP stimulation of primary astrocytes. Isoform 3 is most strongly induced in the former case, isoform 1 in the latter case
Induced by maltose and trehalose
By transcription factor GCN4. Rapidly degraded under starvation conditions
Down-regulated in osteoblasts in response to pro-osteoclastogenic factors
Induced by amino acid starvation and when translation is blocked. Induction is decreased in the absence of the Lon protease suggesting, by homology to other toxin-antitoxin systems, that Lon may degrade the HigA antitoxin. Transcription is negatively regulated by the cognate locus, probably by HigA. A member of the higB-higA operon
Glucose-repressible
Constitutively expressed. Not regulated by heme level
Autoregulated by feedback control of mRNA degradation (PubMed:31727855). In excess of soluble tubulin, nascent beta-tubulin chain binds TTC5/STRAP cofactor through the MREI motif which triggers cotranslation degradation of tubulin mRNA (PubMed:31727855)
Up-regulated during the late phase of exponential growth and during stationary phase
Induced under conditions that maximally induce expression of the large pathogenicity island (PAI) also called the locus of effacement (LEE)
Up-regulated by DegU and Spo0A. Repressed by AbrB
By IFNG in endothelial cells and in LPS-primed macrophages
By cold. Follows a circadian rhythm; accumulates mostly at midday during the light phase
By ethanol stress and disulfide stress
By Alachlor
By Rous sarcoma virus
Accumulates in leaves during cold acclimation (at protein level) (PubMed:16668917, PubMed:17384167). Strongly induced by cold in association with a gradual irreversible decrease of H3K27me3 in the promoter region (PubMed:8193295, PubMed:9668134, PubMed:11706173, PubMed:11779861, PubMed:12148528, PubMed:14745450, PubMed:15144380, PubMed:16258011, PubMed:19470100, PubMed:19500304, PubMed:19563440). Expressed transiently after moderate decrease in temperature (cooling) through the CBF signaling cascade, thus leading to an enhanced subsequent freezing resistance (PubMed:19563440). Accumulates in response to high light, drought, high salt, polyethylene glycol (PEG) and abscisic acid (ABA) (PubMed:8193295, PubMed:9668134, PubMed:11779861, PubMed:12148528, PubMed:12785063, PubMed:21673078, PubMed:21832142). Cold-mediated induction is light-dependent and light-stimulated, and requires functional chloroplasts (PubMed:12148528, PubMed:17384167, PubMed:21471455). Follow a circadian-regulated expression with a progressive accumulation during the light phase and a drop during the dark phase (PubMed:21471455)
By Verticillium longisporum (VL43), in apoplasm
Induced by infection with the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae (PubMed:11332734, PubMed:15968510). Induced by salicylate (SA), jasmonate (JA), abscisic acid (ABA) and benzothiadiazole (BTH) (PubMed:15968510)
By norepinephrine/NE and adenosine which are released by the embryo under hypoxic conditions. By stimulation of beta-adrenergic/adenosine receptors in definitive red blood cells (RBC)
By estradiol in estrogen-responsive breast cancer cells
By salt, cold, heat and drought
By phytohemagglutinin (PHA) in spleen T-cells
By transcription factor SWI5 in a cell cycle-regulated manner. Peaks in late M, early G1 phase (at protein level)
Positively regulated within the shoot apex by both ASYMMETRIC LEAVES 1 (AS1) and ASYMMETRIC LEAVES 2 (AS2/LBD6) and by KNAT1
Expression is induced under iron limitation (PubMed:28367141)
Induced by mannosyl-D-glycerate. Repressed by MngR
Up-regulated during the yeast-to-hypha transition and in virulent strains during intestinal colonization. Also induced upon exposure to fluconazole. Expression is down-regulated by tetrandrine and by Escherichia coli biofilm secretory products
Induced by ethanol, and to a lesser extent, by 1-propanol and other alcohols (PubMed:7730276, PubMed:19202108). Repressed by lactate, acetate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates such as citrate and succinate (PubMed:19202108). Up-regulated by exaE and agmR (PubMed:18218017, PubMed:19202108)
Up-regulated during mitosis (at protein level)
Silenced by SIR3
Induced by N-acetylchitooligosaccharide elicitor and infection with a compatible race of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae (PubMed:20150424). Induced by salt stress, methyl viologen, acifluorfen and cadmium (PubMed:23053415)
Expression is induced in presence of sucrose or inulin and controlled by the catabolite repressor creA and by the inulinolytic genes regulator inuR
Induced by lipopolysaccharides (LSP) (PubMed:12811766). Induced by A.niger alpha-1,3-glucan (PubMed:34443685)
Expression is strongly induced under conditions of nitrogen starvation
Induced by cold stress (PubMed:16263700). Induced during senescence (PubMed:25546583)
Expressed in response to both environmental conditions and genetic regulatory factors. Transcription is subject to complex control and is stimulated by the SPI1-encoded HilC and HilD
Expression is regulated upon white-opaque switch, during cell wall regeneration, and when cells are grown on lactate. Also up-regulated upon milbemycin A3 oxim derivative (A3Ox) treatment. Repressed by BCR1
Up-regulated in prefrontal cortex (PFC) after nicotine exposure. Down-regulated by theophylline (THP) and 1,3-dinitrobenzene (DNB), two reprotoxic agents thought to induce infertility
Up-regulated by abscisic acid and down-regulated by gibberellins
Expressed in cell culture; expressed at a steady level for 4 days following infection of human mononuclear phagocytes
By carbon dioxide-limited conditions, probably via CmpR. Also induced by growth under high light intensities. Repressed by iron-deficient conditions
Up-regulated by chitin. Up-regulated by the fungal toxin fumonisin B1 (FB1) treatment and pathogen infection
By maltose and sucrose. Repressed by glucose
By TGF-beta. Expressed in a circadian manner in the kidney and epididymal fat tissue
Up-regulated on CD4+ T cells upon stimulation via T cell receptor plus costimulation via CD28 (PubMed:18193050). Up-regulated by IL15 on immunoregulatory NCAM1/CD56-bright NK cells (PubMed:17237375)
Induced significantly under aerobic conditions
Expression is up-regulated during iron starvation and is controlled by the GATA-type transcription factor sreA (PubMed:15504822, PubMed:18721228)
Up-regulated during epithelial to mesenchymal transformation. Up-regulated by TGFB1 and hydrogen peroxide
By cold, drought, salt stress and abscisic acid (ABA)
Expression is negatively regulated by NRG1, and by the contact with host oral epithelial cells. Up-regulated during the yeast-to-hypha transition through the function of YAK1. Also regulated by SWI4, SWI6, and WOR1, a transcriptional regulator of white-opaque switching
By growth on propionate, but not acetate or glucose
Highly expressed during conidiation (PubMed:28447400). A conserved conidiation regulatory pathway containing BrlA, AbaA and WetA regulates expression. During conidiation BlrA up-regulates AbaA, which in turn controls WetA. Moreover, the Hog1 MAPK regulates fungal conidiation by controlling the conidiation regulatory pathway, and that all three pigmentation genes Pks1, EthD and Mlac1 exercise feedback regulation of conidiation (PubMed:28447400). Expression is positively regulated by Opy2 and the Slt2 MAPK (PubMed:29958281)
Expression is induced by the developmental and secondary metabolism regulator veA (PubMed:24412484)
Up-regulated in response to oxidative stress
Transcriptionally regulated by Sp1 transcription factor
Expression is highly induced by the V-ATPase inhibitor bafilomycin B1 and by oncanamycin A (PubMed:10376827, PubMed:12207217). The promoter contains two abaA ATTS DNA binding motifs (PubMed:14599891)
In neurons degenerating after kainate-induced seizures, likely in a zinc-dependent manner
Repressed in presence of fatty acids. Repressed 3-fold by lipid precursors, inositol and choline, and also controlled by regulatory factors INO2, INO4 and OPI1
Expressed in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions
By IL11
Regulated by ABI3 and ABI5
Induced by potassium deficiency
By 30-fold when cells are deprived of growth factors or anchorage in mammary epithelial cell. Down-regulated in metastatic mammary tumor cell lines
In both incompatible and compatible interactions with rice blast fungus (M.grisea)
Levels of ITIH4 in serum increase 3- to 12-fold on inoculation with various bacteria which induce mastitis. Peak levels are reached around 42h-72 h after infection
Autoregulated. Directly regulates its own expression in a c-di-GMP-dependent manner
Up-regulated in white adipose tissue and down-regulated in brown adipose tissue upon fasting
Expression is positively regulated by laeA (PubMed:18667168)
Up-regulated by dietary stress. Significantly increased expression between days 0 to 5 in egg whites of eggs laid by corticosterone-fed hens (at protein level)
Highly expressed during conidiation (PubMed:18298443, PubMed:20966095). Expression is positively regulated by hsp90 (PubMed:22822234). Expression is also controlled by upstream regulators calA and crzA (PubMed:18298443). Expression is decreased by 2',4'-Dihydroxychalcone (2',4'-DHC) (PubMed:26190922)
Up-regulated in suprabasal keratinocytes of hyperplastic skin induced by phorbol-ester
Expression is induced by electrophiles, including 2-methylhydroquinone, catechol, menadione, and diamide
By zinc ions
By L-phenylalanine
By L-proline
By low oxygen levels but not by cold, dehydration, heat shock, wounding or oxidative stress
Down-regulated by angiotensin II and iron overload (at protein level). Down-regulated by acute inflammatory stress, and in models for long-term hypertension, diabetes mellitus and chronic renal failure
Induced by RclR in response to hypochlorous acid (HOCl)
Up-regulated in migrating keratinocytes during epithelization of incisional skin wounds
For induction, the TonB and the ExbB proteins have to be active. Regulation by the iron level mediated by the Fur protein and induction by citrate plus iron suggest that the Fe(3+) dicitrate complex must enter the periplasm where it binds to a transmembrane protein, which regulates transcription of the fec genes directly or via a further inductor. Induced 2-fold by hydroxyurea (PubMed:20005847)
Induced by cold and salt stresses. Down-regulated by drought stress
Transcribed at similar levels in lag and exponential phase, rises in stationary phase
Up-regulated in thyroid carcinoma cells
By ethylene treatment and by flooding
Up-regulated by light. Higher levels in light/dark cycle than in total darkness
By IFN and EGF
Up-regulated locally and systemically 30 minutes after wounding. Up-regulated by jasmonate and abscisic acid treatment. Not induced by pathogen infection
Repressed by MgrA. More protein is secreted in a double secG/secY2 mutant (at protein level)
Transcriptionally up-regulated by PAX3 within the dermomyotome
Induced by tunicamycin, azetidine-2-carboxylate (AZC) and osmotic stress (PubMed:18490446, PubMed:18036212). Induced by dithiothreitol (DTT) (PubMed:18490446). Induced by wounding (PubMed:21482825)
By UPR transcription factor ATF4 signaling
(Microbial infection) Upon Salmonella typhimurium infection, at both transcriptional and translational levels
Slightly repressed by salt stress
Up-regulated during monocyte differentiation into macrophages. Down-regulated by cholesterol loading of macrophages
By bacterial injection. Levels increase strongly by 6 hours and slowly decline through 24 and 48 hours
By rhizobial infection. Promoter activity is detected at 3 days post-inoculation (dpi) in dividing cortical cells in roots and at 6 dpi in young emerging nodules. At 21 dpi strong promoter activity is detected in mature nodules in the nodule apices including the infection zone, with lower activity detected in the nitrogen-fixing zone
Autoregulated. Induced by low levels of hypochlorous acid via superoxide dismutase inactivation
The muscle-specific isoform (USP25m) is up-regulated during myocyte differentiation. Levels increase up to 100-fold towards completion of differentiation
By the fibroblast growth factors FGF3 and FGF8
Down-regulated following mitochondrial unfolded protein response
Rapidly induced in response to deoxynivalenol exposure. Weak induction by salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and 1-aminocyclopropylcarbonic acid (ACC) treatments. Not induced by cytokinin treatment
Expression peaks at S/G2 phases of the cell cycle
Up-regulated in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS)
Up-regulated at the protein level by ethylene and 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid or naphthalene acetic acid treatments. Down-regulated at transcript level by methyl jasmonate. No effect from wounding
Transcription about 8-10 hours before aerial hyphae formation commences, peaks at 38 hours just before aerial hyphae formation starts, decreases rapidly and stops as sporulation commences about 70 hours. Not autoregulated
Expression is induced upon exposure to amphotericin B and the allylamine terbinafine. This induction requires the presence of MDR2
Expression is down-regulated in absence of GOA1
Induced in vascular endothelium by wounding. This effect is potentiated by prior laminar shear stress, which enhances wound closure
Induced during CSF3/G-CSF-mediated neutrophil differentiation
Positively regulated by LysG
Up-regulated by tumor suppressor p53 in mammary epithelial tumor cells
Expression is significantly lower when CYP51A or CYP51C are deleted
Expression is sigma F and sigma G-dependent
By nitrogen and/or carbon starvation, cold, osmotic and oxidative stress
Up-regulated during nut development
Down-regulated in Alzheimer disease. No polymorphism or variant is however associated with Alzheimer disease for VPS26A
By carbon starvation
By blood feed. Accumulates highly at 48 hours post blood meal
Expression is repressed by the transcriptional regulator CodY
Enhanced up to 3 days after the administration of chorionic gonadotropin to induce ovulation (PubMed:17121547). Up-regulated by progesterone in the uterine stromal cells through cAMP (PubMed:28657144)
Expressed at all stages of pathogenesis
Isoform A and isoform B require ecdysone for activity. Isoform B also requires ecdysone-induced proteins for maximal expression
Down-regulated by dietary cholesterol
Induced upon invasion of the host cell
By wounding, and slightly by light
Induced by microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) such as LPS, HrpZ, flg22 and oomycete-(NPP1) (PubMed:18434605). Accumulates upon infection by the soil-borne necrotrophic pathogen F.oxysporum f. sp. lentis and associated with nitric oxide (NO) production; this induction is prevented by the plant growth promoting saprophytic fungus T.asperelloides (PubMed:24283937). Induced by NaCl and mannitol (PubMed:27099374)
By various types of DNA damage and growth arrest
Autoregulated. Induced by antibiotics (vancomycin, bacitracin, nisin and ramoplanin), cationic antimicrobial peptides (human LL-37 and porcine PG-1), Triton X-100 and severe secretion stress
Up-regulated by drought and by abscisic acid
Slightly induced by ethylene and salicylic acid (SA)
By zinc, cobalt and cadmium (zinc being the best and cadmium being the worst inducer)
By serum in lung fetal fibroblast cultured cells
Induced in stimulated quiescent cells
By high phosphate diet
Induced upon stimulation with inflammatory cytokines produced by T-helper 1 cells (IL1A, TNF, IFNG) and T-helper 17 cells (IL17A, IL22)
Repressed by inorganic phosphate
Up-regulated by fungal infection, salicylic acid (SA), benzo (1,2,3) thiodiazole-7-carbothioic acid S-methyl ester (BTH), methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and wounding
By phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) or VEGF in endothelial cell culture
Transiently induced by cold shock
Induced more than 4-fold after exposure to light for 6 hours
Not regulated by vernalization
Up-regulated in cultured fresh blood cells upon treatment with vitamin D3
Up-regulated by methyljasmonate, 12 hydroxyjasmonate and 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid, but not by hormones
Induced in the absence of BepD and BepE
Induced by fibronectin-mediated cell adhesion of Schwann cells (PubMed:22302232). Induced by sciatic nerve crush injury, expression peaks 2 weeks post-injury and returns to normal at 4 weeks post-injury in the macrophages of promyelinating Schwann tubules (PubMed:22302232)
Up-regulated in roots by salt stress
Constitutively expressed (at protein level). Does not respond to the addition of nucleosides
Not repressed by IscR. rnlA-rnlB forms an operon, the downstream rnlB also has its own promoter
By brassinolide (BL) and auxin (IAA), synergistically
By the intense activity associated with seizures
By inhibition of NF-kappa-B signaling
By sublethal doses of antibiotics such as erythromycin, streptomycin and tetracycline as well as the fatty acids palmitic and oleic acid (in clinical strain 1254). By the antibiotic erythromycin. Positively regulates its own expression (in strain H37Rv)
By changes in energy balance: down-regulated following very low-calorie diet, whereas refeeding elevates the mRNA level
Activated by two-component regulatory system YycG/YycF
Expression peaks during S phase of the cell cycle
By LPS or Vibrio anguillarum infection
Up-regulated by NF-kappa-B RELA/p65 (PubMed:24681962). Up-regulated during 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-acetate (TPA)-induced megakaryocytic differentiation of K562 and HEL cells (PubMed:24681962)
By light, nutrient deprivation and N(6)-benzylaminopurine (BA)
Induced by C.fulvum AVR9 elicitor protein in a temperature-sensitive manner. Repressed by sly-miR6022
Expression is positively regulated by veA (PubMed:22227160)
By cold, salt, drought stress and methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) treatment
By the cytokinin benzyladenine (BA) and cold stress
Rapidly induced in roots during development of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) upon colonization by AM fungus (e.g. Glomeromycota intraradices) (PubMed:19220794, PubMed:15980262). Up-regulated transiently during root nodule symbiosis with Mesorhizobium loti (PubMed:19220794, PubMed:15980262)
Expression is induced upon exposure the allylamine terbinafine and the azole itraconazole
Slightly induced by the powdery mildew fungus G.cichoracearum and the pathogenic bacteria P.syringae pv. tomato
Expression is greatest during yeast exponential-phase growth, but down-regulated in stationary phase and upon filamentation. Expression is also increased during growth in hypoxic conditions. Expression decreases in biofilm cultures and becomes undetectable through late stage biofilm formation. Up-regulated when the extracellular phosphate concentration is low or in presence of Cis-2-dodecenoic acid (BDSF). Repressed during cell wall regeneration. Expression is positively regulated by EFG1 and EFH1, and negatively regulated by SSN6 and SSK1
By fasting
By Spo0A during nutrient starvation through its direct negative control of AbrB, repressed by AbrB during regular growth when nutrients are plentiful (PubMed:16469701). Represses its own transcription (PubMed:16469701). Induced by expression of SDP (active peptide of sdpC) (PubMed:16469701, PubMed:23687264)
Down-regulated upon E.coli infection to limit access to host iron pool. Down-regulated in macrophages by exposure to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
By castration in the ventral lobe of prostate. This induction is suppressed by subsequent dihydroxytestosterone administration
By wounding and senescence
By salt stress and abscisic acid (ABA) in roots
Up-regulated by cold and dehydration stresses. Down-regulated by heat shock stress
TctD expression is regulated by catabolite repression
By antitumor polyamine analogs
Expressed in presence of pectin when glucose is absent
Epigenetically down-regulated by vernalization (PubMed:15186749, PubMed:18156133). Not regulated by SUF4 (PubMed:17138694)
By auxin. Repressed by ZPR and miR165. Induced by DOF5.1 (PubMed:20807212)
In day 1 epidermis, by exposure to hydroxyecdysone in vitro without juvenile hormone
Positively regulated by SigO and its coactivator RsoA
Transcriptionally regulated by FilR1 (PubMed:24748383). Transcript level increases with cell density (PubMed:22237544)
Up-regulated upon TGFB1 treatment, and down-regulated by IGF1
Up-regulated by abscisic acid (ABA) and high salt
Expression decreased by hypoxia. Up-regulated by EWS-FLI1 transcription factor in tumor-derived cells. Up-regulated by IL13 overexpression in the lung via STAT6 and EGR1. Elevated expression induced by coxsackievirus B3 infection in immunodeficient mice. Overexpressed in the renal fibrosis. Expression in the lung is significantly increased after bleomycin treatment. Down-regulated by retinoic acid and gonadotropin
Detected after 6 and 96 hours growth, there are fewer copies at 96 hours (at protein level)
Expression in leaves is induced by different stresses, such as downy mildew (P.viticola) infection, ultraviolet light, and AlCl(3) treatment
Repressed by the microRNA miR164
Down-regulated by IFN-gamma (IFNG), LPS or TNF-alpha in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs)
Induced by infection with the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae, and wounding in mature leaves
By copper deprivation
Down-regulated 6 hours following staurosporine (STS) treatment and up-regulated 24 hours following STS treatment. Down-regulated 6 hours following beta-carotene treatment
Not regulated by SCR and SHR
Expressed with a circadian rhythm showing a broad peak in the late day and early night. Negatively regulated by LHY and CCA1
Repressed by DtxR under iron excess
By lipidic substrates. Expression is induced approximately 50-fold in the presence of Tween 80 and 2-fold in the presence of tributyrin
Induced by cold and heat stresses
Increased levels in the VMS after hypercapnic stimulation
Transcription slightly induced by phosphate starvation, part of the pstB3-pstS2-pstC1-pstA2 operon (PubMed:20933472). Strongly induced by phosphate starvation (at protein level) (PubMed:1612766). Also shown to be only slightly induced by phosphate starvation; results may depend on growth media (at protein level) (PubMed:20933472)
Induced by cold, salt and drought stresses. Induced by abscisic acid, auxine, brassinosteroid, ethylene, gibberellin, jasmonate, kinetin, reactive oxygen species and salicylate
Induced 4.5-fold when shifted from galactose to glucose medium (at protein level)
Expressed during host infection with the highest mRNA levels 3 days post-inoculation (PubMed:15096512). EPI1 and its host target P69B are concurrently expressed during infection of tomato by P.infestans (PubMed:15096512)
Up-regulated by drought, salt, abscisic acid (ABA) and cold
Down-regulated in lung after acute injury. Exposure to cigarette smoke increases ACE2 expression up to 80% more in lungs (PubMed:32425701)
By Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
Up-regulated in conditions of cerebral ischemia (PubMed:15519674). In the liver, induced in postprandial conditions (PubMed:30389664)
Regulated by peroxisome proliferator, via the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs)
The gltAB operon is positively regulated by GltC and negatively regulated by TnrA under nitrogen-limited conditions
Constitutively expressed (PubMed:17068333). Up-regulated by bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in Malpighian tubules but not in salivary glands (PubMed:24374974)
Up-regulation by IL22/interleukin-22 is suppressed by IFNG/Interferon gamma (at protein level)
Up-regulated by high iron, during biofilm development, and upon ALS2 depletion
By low temperature. Also promoted by abscisic acid (ABA) and dehydration but is not a general response to stress conditions
By 3-hydroxybenzoate
Highly expressed under anaerobic growth conditions in the presence of glucose and the expression is highly regulated in response to carbon source and/or anaerobiosis
Transiently induced by auxin (2,4-D), with a synergistic action of auxin and cytokinin on transcript levels
Part of the SigF regulon, induced by chlorite under positive control of SigF. Part of the probable yedZ1-yedY1-mrpX operon. Transcript levels are 20- to 60-fold increased when induced by chlorite or hypochlorite or in the absence of anti-sigma factor NrsF. Not induced by hydrogen peroxide
Highly expressed in biofilms and during candidiasis infection dissemination. Induced upon interaction with host macrophages
Accumulates in response to flg22, thus being a FLARE (flagellin rapidly elicited gene) (PubMed:15181213). Up-regulated by the Yariv phenylglycoside (beta-D-Glc)(3) (PubMed:15235117). Expressed during hypersensitive response (HR) mediated by the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (PubMed:10518009). Slightly induced by the virulent pathogen Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora (PubMed:16270229). Triggered by benzothiadiazole S-methylester (BTH) (PubMed:16766691). Accumulates in the presence of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) (PubMed:18702669)
Expression is up-regulated upon hyphal competency and drastically increased during conidiation (PubMed:16988817, PubMed:24123270). Expression is controlled by brlA, the master regulator of conidiophore development, and is responsive to the copper level in the medium (PubMed:24123270)
Up-regulated during the S phase of the cell cycle. Up-regulated by E2F1 and interferon
Constitutively expressed, but whose rate of synthesis is augmented by nutritional stress such as nutrient starvation or excess of organic nitrogen
Up-regulated in white adipose tissue and liver in response to high-fat diet
Induced by salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA) and infection with the fungal pathogen F.oxysporum
Strongly induced at the onset of the stationary-growth phase. Expression is dependent on the BtsS/BtsR two-component regulatory system, and on cAMP and the cAMP receptor protein (CRP). Repressed by LeuO. Monocistronic operon. Regulated at post-transcriptional level by CsrA (PubMed:24659770)
Down-regulated by photosynthetic redox signals
By EGF, VEGF, FGF2 and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)
By methyl jasmonate, coronalon, alamethicin and in response to the caterpillar P.xylostella feeding. Induced by infection of avirulent and virulent bacterial pathogen P.syringae
Highly up-regulated in neuroblastostoma cells by RA and MG132 treatment inducing neurite outgrowth
By glycerol 3-phosphate. Repressed by glucose, glucose 6-phosphate and fructose 6-phosphate
Insensitive to light/darkness. Slightly repressed by heat. Induced by anaerobic treatment
Up-regulated by salt and osmotic stress. Not regulated by abscisic acid treatment. Up-regulated by the DELLA proteins RGL2, RGA and GAI
Down regulated in the dark. Slightly induced upon low-oxygen stress in shoots
By HGF and VEGF
During Rhizobium meliloti-mediated root nodulation
By wounding or by jasmonic acid (MeJA) treatment (PubMed:16963437, PubMed:18267944). Accumulates upon infection by incompatible pathogens (e.g. Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) carrying avrRpm1) (PubMed:18267944)
By DNA damage, including ionizing radiations and phleomycin treatment or UV irradiation. This induction requires ATM kinase activity (ionizing radiations and phleomycin) or ATR activity (UV irradiation). Up-regulation is due to protein stabilization. Constitutive protein levels are controlled by MDM2-mediated ubiquitination and degradation via the proteasome pathway
Repressed by herbicides such as flufenacet and benfuresate (PubMed:12916765). Down-regulated by darkness, low temperature, salt, drought and osmotic stress (PubMed:18465198)
By interferons alpha, beta and gamma. Up-regulated by IRF3 and p53/TP53
Repressed in strain X by infection with X-bacteria. Removal of bacteria does not restore expression
By the plant hormone gibberellin A3. Expression is induced to a greater extent by short day conditions than long day conditions
Up-regulated during C2C12 myogenic differentiation
By dark treatment (at the protein level). Induced by the calmodulin antagonists trifluoperazine and fluphenazine in darkness. Down-regulated by sucrose in a hexokinase dependent manner (at protein level). Up-regulated by Leucine and its derivative alpha-keto acid (KIC)
By palmitic acid
Activated by DhaR
Up-regulated by HMBA (hexamethylene bisacetamide)
Azole exposure induces expression via regulation by the transcription factor PDR1 that stimulates gene expression via binding to elements called pleiotropic drug response elements (PDREs) (PubMed:16803598, PubMed:20547810, PubMed:21193550, PubMed:25199772). Expression is highly up-regulated azole-resistant isolates (PubMed:20547810, PubMed:21321146)
By auxin, abscisic acid, salicylic acid and the bacterial pathogen P.syringae
Down-regulated by the CEBPB-NFE2L1 heterodimer during odontoblast differentiation
By naringenin (flavonoid)
By stress such as heat shock or increased salt concentration. Up-regulated by all stress conditions tested. Also expressed in unstressed cells
Induced under acidic conditions
By hypoxia in retinal pericytes
Release is regulated by intracellular mechanism. The intracellular level is regulated by TRIM11 through proteasome-mediated degradation
By camphor
Highly expressed in biofilms with down-regulation during later stages of biofilm formation. Expression is repressed by TPK1 and SFL1, and induced by TPK2. Also under the control of TOR1. Expression is down-regulated by Riccardin D, a macrocyclic bisbibenzyl isolated from Chinese liverwort D.hirsute, which has an inhibitory effect on biofilms and virulence. Induced by caspofungin
Up-regulated by FGF2 in gastric cancer cells
Up-regulated in the heart by clofibrate, a PPAR-alpha agonist
Inactivated by the activated RecA protein after UV irradiation
By IL-6 (By similarity). By fibronectin
In vascular smooth muscle, induced by angiotensin II, FGF; PGF and IL1B
Circadian regulation with a peak before dawn
By iron depletion. Expressed at a very low level
By high glucose levels in differentiated podocytes (at protein level)
By hyperosmotic and hypo-osmotic stress. Less induced than isoform HOG1B under the same conditions
Induced by salt stress and salicylic acid (SA), but repressed by jasmonate (MeJA), mainly in shoots
By mitochondrial stress
By infection with a virulent strain of P.syringae pv. maculicola (PubMed:1824335). Induced by infection with the biotrophic powdery mildew pathogens Golovinomyces cichoracearum and Blumeria graminis (PubMed:16473969). Induced by infection with the turnip vein clearing virus (TVCV) and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) (PubMed:23656331)
Expressed in cellobiose culture, but repressed in glucose culture
Cholesterol/cholate feeding resulted in down-regulation of intestinal expression. Expression is decreased by 35% in the jejunum upon PPARD activation
Up-regulated by interferon gamma. Up-regulated by theophylline (THP) and down-regulated by 1,3-dinitrobenzene (DNB), two reprotoxic agents thought to induce infertility
By cAMP
Up-regulated by SNAC2. Also induced by high-salinity, heat, and submergence. Strongly induced by abscisic acid (ABA) and auxin (IAA), and slightly induced by brassinosteroid (BR) and jasmonic acid (JA)
Expressed in the presence of L-arabitol and L-arabinose, and repressed in the presence of sucrose and glucose
Induced by glucose
Up-regulated by insulin
The botrydial biosynthesis cluster genes are co-regulated by the Ca(2+)/calcineurin signal transduction pathway, which is under the control of the alpha subunit BCG1 of a heterotrimeric G protein (PubMed:14651630, PubMed:19035644). Expression of the cluster is also positively regulated by the cluster-specific transcription factor BOT6 (PubMed:27721016)
Strongly induced by high salinity. Slightly up-regulated by drought, abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid. Not induced by cold treatment
During muscle regeneration
Expressed in leaves after powdery mildew infection (e.g. Erysiphe cichoracearum UCSC1) (PubMed:15155802). Accumulates upon oviposition by pierid butterflies (e.g. Pieris brassicae) (PubMed:17142483). Induced in seedlings by the beneficial symbiotic fungus Trichoderma atroviride and, by the plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR) Pseudomonas fluorescens after a transient repression (PubMed:22942755). Expressed after infection by the bacterial pathogenic Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (PubMed:22942755). Triggered by various phytohormones such as ethylene (ET), salicylic acid (SA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) (PubMed:22942755)
Under certain adverse conditions
By N-acetylchitooligosaccharide elicitor (PubMed:15316288) and methyl jasmonate (PubMed:22247270)
Exhibits night/day variations with a 9-fold increased expression at night in the pineal gland (at protein level). A light pulse of 1 hour is sufficient to decrease mRNA levels. Up-regulation is due to a large degree to the release of norepinephrine from nerve terminals in the pineal gland and cAMP signaling pathway
Down-regulated by aldosterone (at protein level). No effect at the transcript level
Heat shock increases expression by more than 36-fold
Androgen-dependent
Not induced by osmotic stress or ABA treatment
Down-regulated by atrazine
By the monoterpene phellandrene, but not by acetate
Transcripts exhibit dramatically different patterns of expression after blood meal-triggered activation of vitellogenesis in the fat body. Isoform B is highly expressed and reaches its peak at 4 hours pbm (post blood meal). Isoform A peaks at 16-20 hours, when isoform B expression is lowest
Autorepressed
Repressed by mgrA. More protein is secreted in a secG mutant (at protein level)
Induced by L-rhamnose via the RhaR-RhaS regulatory cascade (PubMed:8757746). Also induced by L-mannose or L-lyxose (PubMed:1650346, PubMed:8757746)
Induced by HAP43 and up-regulated in absence of CYR1
Induced upon salt stress conditions
BMC production is induced by growth on 1,2-PD vitamin B12 medium (PubMed:10498708). By either propanediol or glycerol
Down-regulated by stimulation through the alpha-beta TCR
Isoform T2 and isoform T3 are induced by genotoxic stress (UV, gamma-irradiation and cytotoxic drugs) in a p53/TP53-dependent manner. Isoform T1 is not induced by p53/TP53
Its RNA-binding activity on CEBPB mRNA increases in response to EGF
By both biotic and abiotic stresses (e.g. ozone, oxidative chemicals and pathogens such as virulent and avirulent Pseudomonas syringae)
Down-regulated to 11% of control levels 5 days after castration and is not detectable by 20 days (at protein level). Levels are partially restored by subsequent testosterone treatment
By retinoic acid (RA)
Induced by methyl jasmonate, coronatine, a phytotoxin produced by some plant-pathogenic bacteria or rapidly after wounding, with a peak after 30 minutes and a return to the basal level in the following 4 hours (PubMed:9501136). Induced by methyl jasmonate (JA), wounding, infection with the bacterial pathogen Pectobacterium carotovorum, and with the fungal pathogen Alternaria brassicicola (PubMed:15598807). Induced by transition from dark to white light (PubMed:21896889). Down-regulated by dark (PubMed:21896889)
Down-regulated by elicitor treatment
Expression is up-regulated in appressoria-forming germlings on locust cuticle (PubMed:26714892, PubMed:29958281). Expression is positively regulated by the Fus3 MAPK and negatively regulated by Opy2 (PubMed:29958281)
Expression is induced upon voriconazole treatment (PubMed:16622700). Expression is up-regulated by exposure to human monocyte-derived immature dendritic cells (PubMed:21264256). Expression is also up-regulated in conidia exposed to human neutrophils (PubMed:18648542)
Expression levels display circadian oscillations under constant conditions, with a high amplitude and an early phase, with maximal expression around 4-6 hours of the light phase. Induced by light (PubMed:11743105). Transcripts levels oscillate weakly and proportionally to temperature, but protein levels are stable, with higher levels at low temperature (12 degrees Celsius) (PubMed:23511208). Accumulates in response to low blue light (LBL) (PubMed:26724867)
Down-regulated during erythrocyte differentiation. Expression unchanged by cellular iron status
Up-regulated by SOX7
Down-regulated in cells transformed by oncogenes
Induced by iron deficiency in roots and leaves
By a linolenic acid-rich diet
The expression is almost identical during the mid-exponential and extended stationary phase
Cells grown on urea as a nitrogen source have more enzyme activity than those grown on nitrate (at protein level). RuBisCO activity of urea- but not nitrate-grown cells decreases with rising temperature (from 25 to 28 degrees Celsius, present versus predicted future ocean temperatures); there is only one RuBisCO in this cyanobacterium
Expression is induced by human serum and epithelial cells (PubMed:24673895). Expression is regulated by the transcription factor EFG1 (PubMed:10464197, PubMed:10790384). Expression is also regulated by the transcription factor BCR1 (PubMed:16839200)
By oxidation stress as a result of either short or long periods of environmental hypoxia
The mRNA can be cleaved by the RV1102c mRNA interferase in E.coli
Induced by ABA, IAA, 2,4-D, GA(3) and 6-BA treatment
Induced by infection with an avirulent strain of the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv glycinea (Ref.1). Induced by infection with the fungal pathogen Phytophtora sojae (Ref.1). Induced by copper, cycloheximide and reduced glutathione (Ref.1). Induced by tunicamycin, azetidine-2-carboxylate (AZC) and osmotic stress (PubMed:18490446, PubMed:18036212). Induced by dithiothreitol (DTT) (PubMed:18490446). Induced by wounding (PubMed:21482825)
Ty1-DR4 is a highly expressed element. Induced under amino acid starvation conditions by GCN4
Regulated by fgf3 and fgf8 in otic vesicle
Up-regulated by pathogen infection and by abscisic acid
Rv0888 protein levels are increased by 5-fold after contact with erythrocytes for 24 hours, and by 100-fold in the presence of sphingomyelin as the sole carbon source
Expressed following a circadian rhythm with the highest level 4 hours into the light and a second lower peak after 10 hours of night (PubMed:32064655). Induced by osmotic stress (PubMed:33924609)
Induced by NrdR
Induced by heat, salt and drought stresses
Transcribed during growth in green light
By ethanol and ethylacetate. Basal level and ethanol-induced expression repressed by acetate when grown on lactose. By ethyl methyl ketone (EMK). Transcriptionally regulated by transcriptional activator alcR and carbon catabolite repressor creA
By 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), primisulfuron (PS), aminotriazole, benoxacor, oxabetrinil and IRL 1803, and, to a lower extent, by cloquintocet, fenchlorazol and fluorazol
Up-regulated under microaerophilic and anaerobic conditions, nutrient starvation and in the presence of palmitic acid (PubMed:18400969). Coexpressed with PE11 (PubMed:23469198)
Expression is GCR1-dependent. Promoter is also bound by the RAP1 transcription factor
Oscillates in abundance during the circadian cycle at the protein level; peaks during the subjective day
Up-regulated on T- and B-cells, dendritic cells, keratinocytes and monocytes after LPS and IFNG activation. Up-regulated in B-cells activated by surface Ig cross-linking
By estrogens and glucocorticoids in a breast carcinoma cell line
By cold shock, up to 70-fold at 10 degrees Celsius
Expression is not significantly up- or down-regulated by ultraviolet irradiation B (UV-B) in epidermis (PubMed:21699545)
By a mixture of inflammatory cytokines: TNF-alpha, IL-1 and interferon gamma
Transcribed constitutively at low levels
By interferon type I, type II and LPS. Induced by infection with Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV), presumably through type I interferon pathway
Strongly up-regulated by IFNG and, at lower levels, by LPS. The LPS-induced increase is attenuated in the presence of dexamethasone (PubMed:12396730, PubMed:18025219). Up-regulated by TNF in certain strains (PubMed:12396730). Up-regulation by a combination of IFNG and TNF is synergistic, even in strains that do not respond to TNF alone (PubMed:12396730). By IRF1 in response to bacterial infection (PubMed:25774715)
By wounding and jasmonic acid (JA) (PubMed:25239066, PubMed:14559225, Ref.1, PubMed:18786507). Up-regulated transiently by salicylic acid (SA), ethylene (ET), abscisic acid (ABA), and hydrogen peroxide H(2)O(2). Also triggered by chitosan (CT, a fungal elicitor), heavy metals (e.g. copper Cu, cadmium Cd and mercury Hg) and protein phosphatase (PP) inhibitors (e.g. cantharidin CN, endothall EN and okadaic acid OA). Accumulates at lower levels in darkness than in light conditions. Follows a circadian rhythm (Ref.1). Induced by brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens) (PubMed:25239066)
By light conditions
By NaCl, abscisic acid and inoculation with the fungal pathogen E.graminis
Positively regulates its own expression (PubMed:7783616). Expressed only in glucose-based minimal medium during the transition to stationary phase (PubMed:8196543). Expression is initiated at the time of transition to the post-exponential state, and exclusively in competence-stimulating medium. Repressed by AbrB and Rok (PubMed:11849533)
By IL-2 and concanavalin A (Con A)
By sulfhydryl-containing molecules such as glutathione, DDT, and cysteine
Induced by MprA. Differentially up-regulated under different stress conditions, such as low concentrations of detergents and alkaline pH. Induced by low concentrations of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in a SigE-dependent manner. In strain ATCC 25618 / H37Rv, repressed during growth in macrophages. Highly up-regulated during the early stages of invasion of the human blood-brain barrier
Expression regulated by the haploid gametophyte itself
Up-regulated during water-avoidance stress
By 2-thiouric acid. Repressed by ammonium
Up-regulated under phosphate starvation (PubMed:19566645, PubMed:24368504). Down-regulated by SPX1 and SPX3 (PubMed:19566645). Up-regulated during cold stress (PubMed:19508276)
Up-regulated by EWS-FLI1 chimeric transcription factor in tumor derived cells. Up-regulated in podocytes and interstitial cells after injury/activation of these cells. FGF2 activates PDGFC transcription via EGR1. Up-regulated by TGFB1 in concert with FGF2
Ty1-PR2 is a weakly expressed element. Induced under amino acid starvation conditions by GCN4
Requires light in addition to a decrease in CO(2) concentration during growth
Up-regulated in dystrophic muscle (at protein level)
Induced by DAF-16 during starvation as well as in the dauer stage
By nitrogen limitation
Stimulated by GATA18/HAN
Expressed in an S phase-dependent fashion
Up-regulated in activated mast cells (MC) (at protein level)
Expressed in greater amounts in the mature biofilms compared to early biofilms during inflammatory disorder of the palatal mucosa among denture wearers
Starvation and circadian clock. In the heads of entrained flies, levels fluctuate daily and the cycle phase is delayed with respect to per and tim. Cycling appears to be linked to the endogenous clock rather than light stimuli
Transcription is autoregulated (PubMed:8831954). Repressed by the Nus factor complex (NusA, NusB, NusE (rpsJ), NusG and SuhB) (PubMed:29229908)
Repressed by STM4068
Down-regulated when cell proliferation ceased. Accumulates during G2 phase and falls at completion of the cell cycle
Highly induced by oxidative stress. Down-regulated by salt stress and by ascorbate
Up-regulated during photosynthetic growth, when compared to aerobic growth in the dark (at protein level)
Transcription induced by phosphate starvation, no change in protein levels on phosphate starvation (at protein level). If bacteria are starved prior to growth in phosphate-free medium protein expression disappears
Expression is highly induced in the presence of PCE and TCE (PubMed:12057934). Located in the pceABCT gene cluster that is flanked by insertion sequences including transposase genes (PubMed:16133337). PceA, pceB and pceC are cotranscribed (PubMed:16957221). PCE-depleted cells grown for several subcultivation steps on fumarate as an alternative electron acceptor lost the tetrachloroethene-reductive dehalogenase (PceA) activity by the transposition of the pce gene cluster (PubMed:22961902). Exogenous vitamin B12 hampers the transposition of the pce gene cluster (PubMed:22961902)
Following DNA damage induced by UV irradiation. Down-regulated by wild-type, but not mutant, p53/TP53
Induced by alpha-pheromone. Repressed by the ALPHA2-MCM1 repressor (By similarity)
Transcriptionally regulated by RaaS (Rv1219c) (PubMed:24424575). Expression increases in multidrug-resistant clinical strains (MDR-TB) compared to drug-susceptible strains (PubMed:23143285)
By gibberellin A3 (GA)
Positively regulated by alternative sigma factor SigD, probably directly
Induced by LPS (at protein level)
Up-regulated by the proneural transcription factors Neurog2, Neurod1 and Ebf3. Down-regulated by the Notch pathway
Translation is inhibited by translational regulator CsrA (at protein level) (PubMed:27353476)
Transcription is under the control of the ComA-ComP two-component system
Down-regulated by epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) treatment
Expressed during aerobic growth, it is not further induced in hypoxia, or by nitric oxide (NO) or carbon monoxide (CO) treatment (PubMed:15135056, PubMed:19487478). Expression is not changed in a devR deletion mutant; i.e. it is not part of the dormancy regulon (PubMed:19487478)
Positively regulated by the zinc-responsive transcriptional regulator ZAP1
Induced by cycloheximide (CHX)
Expression is specific for the white growth phase. Down-regulation under hyphal induction depends on the presence of EFG1 itself which plays a role of autoinhibitor and the protein kinase A isoforms TPK1 and TPK2
Up-regulated during cardiomyogenic differentiation. By apoptotic stress in a dose-dependent manner
By TNF and IL1B/interleukin-1 beta
Expression is up-regulated under medium flow conditions in electrochemical flow cells (EFCs)
Expression is induced by Wnt
By D-mannose
Expressed during multiple stages of host plant infection, including the early biotrophy, late biotrophy and transition
Increased by osmotic stress
By interferon alpha, beta and gamma (IFN-alpha, IFN-beta and IFN-gamma)
Down-regulated in patients lacking sperm motility
Induces its own expression in at least strain M25
Expression is not affected by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment (PubMed:22875608). Induced by A.niger mycelium-derived elicitor, thus improving ginsenosides production in adventitious roots culture (PubMed:27746309). Slightly induced by Tween 80 (PubMed:24889095). Influenced in roots by relative humidity and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and in leaves by temperature and rain (PubMed:30577538)
By UV-B treatment. Induced by salt stress
By heat shock, salt stress, oxidative stress, glucose limitation and oxygen limitation. Expression is sigma B-dependent
Induced by a gravistimulation
Transcriptionally regulated by PDR8. Expression is increased in response to the addition of maltose, isomaltose, and alpha-methylglucopyranoside
Imprinted. Promoter methylation of the paternal allele may restrict expression to the maternal allele in leukocytes
Up-regulated during monocytic maturation
By cyclic di-GMP and VpsR
Up-regulated following infection with P.luminescens subsp Hb and E.faecalis bacteria
Up-regulated by UV irradiation via a TP53-independent, MAPK-dependent mechanism
By brassinosteroid (BR) (PubMed:15681342). Up-regulated in response to abscisic acid (ABA) via epigenetic regulation on repressive histone marks (H3K27me3) mediated by JMJ30 and JMJ32 (PubMed:33324437)
By growth on ethylbenzene or biphenyl
Repressed by NemR. Induced by reactive electrophilic species (RES) such as quinones, glyoxals and methylglyoxal (PubMed:23506073, PubMed:23646895). Up-regulated by HOCl (PubMed:23536188)
Up-regulated by heat shock and osmotic stress
Expression is up-regulated by the CRX transcription factor
This dominant Y allele is highly expressed, resulting in an inner red flesh of the beet
Fivefold increase after iron deficiency
Autoregulated. Expression is maximal during the postexponential phase of growth, particularly under microaerobic conditions
Expression is significantly reduced when PMK1 or MST12 are disrupted
Induced by flg22 in leaves
Up-regulated by abscisic acid treatment, and by cold and salt stress
Expression is activated by FOXJ1 and NOTO
Induced by salt addition via sigma-B dependent promoter
Expression is controlled by abaA (PubMed:19850144)
By p53/TP53 and p63/TP63. Directly activated by p53/TP53
Repressed by the micro RNA miR824
By cadmium in roots (at protein level)
Repressed by auxin (IAA) treatment
Induced by illumination and cytokinin treatment in etiolated seedlings. Not induced by phosphate deprivation
By cold stress. Light-mediated circadian regulation; highest levels at dawn and at dusk in long days (LD) but only at dusk in short days (SD). Repressed by trehalose in a ABI4-dependent manner, this effect is reversed in the presence of sucrose
By ethylene and dark
By DNA damage, via LexA, as part of the SOS response
Up-regulated by aldosterone (at protein level)
Down-regulated by salicylic acid (SA)
Under reduced oxygen tension. Induced also by various receptor-mediated factors such as growth factors, cytokines, and circulatory factors such as PDGF, EGF, FGF2, IGF2, TGFB1, HGF, TNF, IL1B/interleukin-1 beta, angiotensin-2 and thrombin. However, this induction is less intense than that stimulated by hypoxia. Repressed by HIPK2 and LIMD1
Induced by salt stress (PubMed:18703123, PubMed:19248824). Induced by osmotic stress (PubMed:19248824)
Induced by abscisic acid (ABA) and salt stress in shoots
Up-regulated in response to interferon gamma (IFNG) treatment and exposure to bacterial PAMPs (pathogen associated molecular patterns)
By cold. A 10-fold increase in transcript levels is observed 48-60 hours after cooling
By androgens and, in the LNCaP cell line, by estrogens. Androgenic control may be lost in prostate cancer cells during tumor progression from an androgen-dependent to an androgen-independent phase
Androgen-regulated, increases in concentration with zinc uptake
Up-regulated by nutrient starvation
Expression is induced 2-fold during ectomycorrhiza formation
By thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and cAMP or cAMP-analog
Expression is increased in response to the addition of maltose, isomaltose, and alpha-methylglucopyranoside
Inhibited by free fatty acids and haematin
Expression is dramatically increased under nitrogen starvation conditions and is regulated by the transcription factor GCN4 (PubMed:26565778)
The sibA sRNA probably represses expression of ibsA mRNA, either by destabilizing the transcript and/or preventing its translation. Expression of the proteinaceous toxin is controlled by antisense sRNA SibA
By UV treatment. Follow a free-running robust circadian rhythm, with higher levels during the light phase. Rapidly induced by light in etiolated plants. Sixfold induction by both red and far-red light
Subject to complex regulation at multiple levels (transcription, translation, regulation of activity and degradation). Transcription is induced during entry into stationary phase and in response to different stresses. Transcription is repressed by antitoxin MqsA (PubMed:21516113). mRNA stability is regulated by small RNA regulators and various proteins such as Hfq, CsdA, CspC and CspE. Finally, the cellular level of RpoS is regulated by proteolysis via RssB and the ClpXP protease
Expression is induced in response to the presence of B.subtilis
Strongly induced by iron deficiency in roots (PubMed:22755510). Slightly induced in shoots (PubMed:22755510)
Induced by hypoxia, ketoconazole, fluconazole, nitric oxide, ciclopirox olamine, during cell wall regeneration following protoplasting, during adhesion, and during biofilm formation. Regulated by UPC2, BCR1, HAP43, and RIM101
Negative feedback mediated by FCA itself
In chondrocytes, induced by BMP2
Induced by growth on N-acetyl-D-galactosamine
Higher under aerobic conditions than under anaerobic conditions
Transcribed from three distinct promoters, one that is located in the intergenic region between mprB and pepD, one that overlaps with the translational start site for mprA, and one upstream of mprA that resides in a predicted SigE-regulated promoter region
Repressed by phosphate and weakly by thiamine
By tcf7l1/tcf-3
Down-regulated by LPS. Down-regulated during inflammation by inhibition of an SP1-mediated pathway
By cAMP during aggregation
By beta-alanine
Up-regulated by bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and by single-stranded CpG oligodeoxynucleotide
Expressed predominantly in exponential phase
By submerged conditions, in growing cells
Heme oxygenase 1 activity is highly inducible by its substrate heme and by various non-heme substances such as heavy metals, bromobenzene, endotoxin, oxidizing agents and UVA
Up-regulated by abscisic acid and by drought and salt stress. Not induced by cold
Induced by S.meliloti Nod factors. Strongly induced in roots during nodulation and to a lesser extent following mycorrhization (PubMed:20971894). Activated during successive stages of root colonization by R.irregularis (PubMed:26839127)
Expression is induced upon exposure to amphotericin B, the allylamine terbinafine, and itraconazole (PubMed:27121717, PubMed:31501141). Is highly over-expressed in strain TIMM20092, and azole-resistant strain isolated in Switzerland (PubMed:31501141)
Up-regulated during fasting and down-regulated after feeding
Up-regulated by aluminum (PubMed:18826429, PubMed:22413742). The STOP1 transcription factor is required for MATE expression (PubMed:18826429)
Expression is positively regulated by abaA (PubMed:23049895)
Up-regulated by mannitol or glucitol
Up-regulated in DRG neurons in response to nerve injury
Up-regulated in macrophages upon cholesterol uptake and inversely regulated upon cholesterol deloading from the cells (at protein level). Up-regulated in keratinocytes during terminal differentiation
Its expression is under nitrogen control; a nitrogen-limited medium highly increases succinylornithine transaminase activity
Plasma levels are highly increased upon exercise, due to enhanced production by contracting skeletal muscles
Induced at low temperature and during anaerobic growth and completely repressed during aerobic growth. Induced at an early stage of fermentation and remains almost constant throughout the entire fermentation process
Expressed in exponential-phase cells grown in rich medium
Rapidly degraded by the proteasome. Cell-cycle regulation with highest expression during the S-phase (at protein level). Over expressed in hepatocytes by drug injury (e.g. DDC; diethyl 1,4-dihydro-2,4,6-trimethyl-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylate). Inducible by the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFa) and interferon-gamma (IFNg)
By a shift from short days to long days, in the axils of primordia on the elongating stem
Following heat-shock treatment
By valine starvation. Is transcribed by itself and in an operon with folC. A GUC triplet (Val, the specifier codon) 190 nucleotides upstream of the initiator codon confers induction upon valaine starvation; replacing it with ACC (Thr) confers induction upon threonine starvation, replacing it with UAA (stop), renders the gene uninducible. Negatively regulates its own transcription; this depends on the presence of the GUC specifier codon
Transcriptionally activated during the acquisition of pluripotentiality (in protoplasts) by pericentromeric chromatin decondensation and DNA demethylation. Targeted to degradation by the proteasome by VBF and Agrobacterium virF in SCF(VBF) and SCF(virF) E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes after mediating T-DNA translocation to the nucleus
Strongly induced at the onset of sporulation
Repressed by the zinc-specific metallo-regulatory protein zur
By wounding; in leaves
Induced by arginine and anaerobic growth during the stationary phase. Repressed under aerobic conditions independently of the growth phase and by glucose catabolic repression
Induced by heat-stress
By dioxin (PubMed:1657151). By oxidative stress (PubMed:21636573)
Activated by MYB115 and MYB118 in the endosperm
Is transcribed at very low levels, about 1,500-fold lower than those for blaOXA-58
By salt, drought and heat stress
By high glucose through TGFB1-mediated pathways in mesangial cell. Down-regulated in tumor cell lines
Induced in the presence of IAA
By sulfate deprivation and high methionine levels. Up-regulated by drought
Readily detected in oocysts (at protein level). Specifically up-regulated in sporozoites, but not in tachyzoites and bradyzoites
Strongly up-regulated by PGN from B.subtilis. Regulated by the imd/Relish pathway
Strongly induced in response to sublethal levels of UV-B radiation. Down-regulated as the leaves senesce
Induced by auxin (PubMed:24486766). Induced by brassinosteroid (at protein level), but repressed by brassinosteroid at mRNA level probably via a negative regulatory feedback loop (PubMed:28100707)
Expression is relatively low during exponential growth, and is higher during the stationary phase
During seed imbibition
Expressed in both exponential and stationary phase in rich medium (at protein level)
By a variety of stressful conditions such as bacterial infection, heat shock, paraquat feeding and exposure to ultraviolet light
Transiently down-regulated by wounding. Not induced by bacterial elicitor or bacterial and fungal pathogens
Induced by salt stress, abscisic acid (ABA), sodium nitrate and hydrogen peroxide in roots (PubMed:17916638). Induced by infection with the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) (PubMed:27185545). Down-regulated by salt stress in leaves (PubMed:16397796). Down-regulated by hydrogen peroxide in leaves (PubMed:25546583)
Induced over 300-fold in tibialis anterior muscles 3 days following denervation. High expression is maintained at least until 10 days after denervation
Down-regulated by apoptotic stimuli
Involved in multiple regulatory feedback loops with other endodermal factors, including the nodal-related factors/Xnrs. Autoinduces
Expressed in a circadian manner in the liver. Down-regulated by pro-apoptotic stimuli such IL3-deprivation that induce LCN2 expression (PubMed:12130540). In neural stem cells the expression is induced by retinoic acid (PubMed:23090999)
Up-regulated by isoform 2 of XBP1. Up-regulated by IFNG/interferon-gamma, with a peak after 2-4 hours of treatment in monocytes/macrophages
Induced by osmotic stress (e.g. mannitol) and abscisic acid (ABA)
Up-regulated when light-grown seedlings are shifted to the dark
Repressed in the dark
By UV irradiation, high temperatures, starvation and old age
By wounding and elicitor treatments
By bmp4, probably acting indirectly via t/bra. Also induced to a lower extent by fgf and activin
Up-regulated by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, PA14 strain infection but not by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, PA01 strain
Induced by 0.3M NaCl in an RpoS-dependent fashion
Regulated by ESR1 and ESR2
By srfA, in response to late development signals
By wounding and methyl jasmonate
Expression is not cell cycle-dependent and occurs throughout the cell cycle
Up-regulated in leaves by phosphate deficiency
In roots and leaves by sulfate starvation
Up-regulated by IL4 and CD40L in B-cells
Expression is induced by gliotoxin, but appears to be independently regulated compared to all other cluster components (PubMed:20548963). Expression is positively regulated by the brlA and abaA transcription factors (PubMed:26032501). Expression is also regulated by rsmA (PubMed:23671611)
Up-regulated in endometrium upon stimulation with hormones, progesterone and prolactin
By (toxic) non-metabolizable glucose phosphate analogs under the control of SgrR (at protein level)
Expressed on cells from both exponential and stationary phases. Up-regulated by sigma-B factor during later growth stages. Sigma-B seems to have a transient enhancing effect on bacterial density in the early stages of infection that it loses during later stages of infection
By cytokinin (zeatin) and nitrate
In neonatal cardiomyocytes after exposure to the hypertrophic agonists EDN1 (ET-1) or phenylephrine (PE). In transverse aortic constriction (TAC) induced cardiac hypertrophy in adult hearts
Specifically expressed during sporulation
The sibD sRNA probably represses expression of ibsD mRNA, either by destabilizing the transcript and/or preventing its translation (Probable). Expression of the proteinaceous toxin is controlled by antisense sRNA SibD
By diacetylchitobiose (GlcNAc2)
By tryptophan. Is subject to catabolic repression
Expression is induced by methionine (PubMed:26173180). Nitrogen starvation induces expression of terR and promotes terrein production during fruit infection, via regulation by areA and atfA (PubMed:26173180). Iron limitation acts as a third independent signal for terrein cluster induction via the iron response regulator hapX (PubMed:26173180)
By nitrate, when present in the medium as source of nitrogen. Expression is suppressed by ammonium
By heat shock, and in response to NaCl stress
By salt stress in roots
By wounding, water and cold stresses; in response to plant hormones 2,4-D, BAP, GA3, and ABA treatment; in response to L-Ser, Hyp and L-Pro treatment. Slightly repressed by salt stress
Up-regulated in kidney and down-regulated in colon in response to K(+) ion free diet
By FGF1 and phorbol ester
Expression is up-regulated by UV irradiation and to a lesser extent by oxidative stress
Expressed with a high amplitude circadian rhythm showing a peak in the late day, just before night
Cell cycle-regulated. Expression peaks during S/G2 phase
Up-regulated during erythroid differentiation (PubMed:25092874)
Accumulates progressively upon iron deficiency
Up-regulated by the LEE (locus of enterocyte effacement)-encoded regulator ler
Down-regulated by wounding or oxidative stress
By sulfur deficiency
Expression is under the control of the nsdD transcription factor required for sexual development. Transcript level is the highest at the beginning of asexual development and decreases thereafter to increase again at the late stage
Transcriptionally regulated by the two-component regulatory system MctS/MctR
Induced by abscisic acid (ABA), dehydration and osmotic stress
Not induced during cold acclimation
Induced upon treatment with chitin oligosaccharide elicitor and flagellin (e.g. flg22)
Expression in quiescent fibroblasts is induced by serum stimulation
Induced by heat shock treatment
In response to growth factor stimuli, mTORC1 activation, through the RPS6KA1-dependent EIF4B phosphorylation, stimulates SLC4A7 mRNA translation (at protein level) (PubMed:35772404). Strongly induced upon macrophage differentiation (PubMed:29779931)
Expression is increased at the beginning of the stationary phase of growth and reaches maximum in the early autolytic phase of growth
Down-regulated in grlA-null cells at 16 hours of starvation
Repressed by the transcriptional repressor Rv3405c
Up-regulated by chitin. Down-regulated by abscisic acid (ABA)
Strongly expressed in mid-log phase, cotranscribed with lmo2182 and lmo2180, the sixth gene in a possible lmo2186-lmo2180 operon (PubMed:15028680). Induced under iron-deficient conditions and when fur (lmo1956, AC Q8Y5U9) is deleted (Probable). Induced when bacteria are grown in human cell lines (Probable). Decreased hemin-binding and hemin uptake by whole bacteria (PubMed:21545655)
Up-regulated in CD11b(+)Ly6G(+) and CD11b(+)Ly6C(+) neutrophils upon S.typhimurium bacterial infection. Up-regulated in CD11b(+)Ly6C(intermediate)Ly6G(high)MHCI(-) neutrophils and CD11b(+)Ly6C(high)Ly6G(low)MHCII(+) inflammatory monocytes in response to TLR4 ligand lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Up-regulated in cultured macrophages and dendritic cells by TLR4 ligand LPS, TLR2-TLR6 ligand MALP-2 (a bacterial lipopeptide from M.fermentans), TLR1-TLR2 ligand Pam3CSK4 (a synthetic bacterial lipopeptide), TLR3 ligand polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C), a double-stranded RNA synthetic analog) and TLR7 synthetic ligand imiquimod (R-837)
Up-regulated in response to DNA damage. Isoform 2 is not induced in tumor cells in response to stress
By androgen-bound AR and glucocorticoid-bound NR3C1 in a prostate cancer cell line (LNCaP)
Up-regulated in a number of hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines and liver cancer lesions, as well as in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma with a lower survival rate (at protein level)
8-fold induction by growth at 15 degrees Celsius
In shoots and roots by zinc starvation
Circadian-regulation. Highly expressed at the beginning of the light period, then decreases, reaching a minimum between 16 and 29 hours after dawn before rising again at the end of the day. Regulated at the protein level by ADO3 and GI pos-transcriptionally
Expression is up-regulated by cumene hydroperoxide (CHP)
Circadian-regulation. Not regulated by light
Up-regulated by UV radiation, heat shock, osmotic stress and nitrogen starvation
Expression is increased after the shift of cells from glucose to methanol
Up-regulated in dendritic cells upon maturation
Expressed at basal levels in rich medium (PubMed:24430377). Expression increases under zinc limiting conditions (PubMed:24430377)
Induced by low K(+) concentrations (PubMed:28420751). Expression is regulated by cyclic di-AMP (c-di-AMP), via the ydaO riboswitch (PubMed:20511502, PubMed:24141192, PubMed:28420751). High external concentrations of K(+) stimulate an increase in the production of c-di-AMP, which binds to the riboswitch and prevents kimA expression (PubMed:28420751)
Transcription is coordinated with that of the antibiotic undecylprodigiosin (Red) locus (PubMed:11731481). Transcribed during aerial hyphae formation on minimal medium, about 10- to 25-fold lower expression than the short chaplins. Weak expression in aerial hyphae (at protein level) (PubMed:12832396). Expressed during aerial hyphae formation and early sporulation on rich medium, under control of ECF sigma factor BldN (PubMed:12832397)
Induced by auxin, but not by salt, abscisic acid, mannitol, water or drought
Up-regulated by HPV16 E6 (at protein level)
Repressed by androgens and estrogens (at protein level) (PubMed:10561587, PubMed:15950295, PubMed:8809199, PubMed:17316636). Repression by estrogens and androgens does not occur in immature 20-day old animals (PubMed:18703064)
By bmp4 and its downstream effector smad1. Fgf enhances bmp4-induced expression
Repressed by CpiR (PubMed:34145281). Different environmental conditions may derepress cpiA to decrease pilus activity (PubMed:34145281)
Up-regulated in astrocytes during the repair process and in mesangial cells in diabetic animals
Induced by D-xylose and L-arabinose, dependent on the cellulase and xylanase regulator xyr1. Repressed by glucose through negative regulation by the crabon catabolite repressor cre1
Up-regulated by ethylene
Down-regulated by inflammatory cytokines
Induced under hypoxic conditions in roots (PubMed:20113439, PubMed:21946064, PubMed:21615413, PubMed:28698356). Induced during hypoxia under nitrate nutrition (PubMed:30535180). Induced by osmotic stress (PubMed:21946064). Induced by infection with the fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum (PubMed:31819723)
Induced by macrophage colony-stimulating factor in murine peritoneal and bone marrow macrophages
Up-regulated by hydrogen peroxide
Significantly up-regulated in aggressive melanomas
More efficient to mediate cytoplasmic Ca(2+) accumulation when oxidized, but inactive when reduced
Circadian-regulation. Strong up-regulation at the end of the night and the beginning of the light period
Negatively autoregulates its own synthesis by binding to a specific operator site within the ptxS upstream region
Transcription is 27-fold up-regulated by growth on H(2)/bicarbonate compared to pyruvate, RuBisCO activity is induced by growth on H(2), H(2)/bicarbonate, formate, methanol and CO
Induced by salt stress (at protein level)
By salicylic acid (SA), benzol(1,2,3)thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid S-methyl ester (BTH) and 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid (INA)
Isoform 11 is expressed in a circadian manner in the adrenal gland with an expression peak at ZT20 (at protein level). It is induced by cAMP in an immediate-early fashion and can repress its own production via a negative autoregulatory mechanism
Up-regulated by IL1A/interleukin-1 alpha and prostaglandin E2 in cultured osteogenic sarcoma cells
Expression is up-regulated by caspofungin
By ozone, salt stress and cadmium
During wound healing expression is suppressed by TGF-beta, TNF-alpha and to a lesser extent by epidermal and keratinocyte growth factors (EGF and KGF respectively)
By L-arabinose. By high-pressure at 400MPa for 5 minutes
Constitutively expressed during all growth phases. Repressed by osmotic stress, not responsive to a number of other stimuli
Disruption of the blood-brain barrier by cold injury results in a drastic reduction in expression (PubMed:14603461). Up-regulated in primary chondrocytes in response to BMP2 and PTHLH/PTHrP (PubMed:29702220)
Expressed from 2 promoters, 1 of which (trxCp1) is under control of SigR. Dramatically but transiently induced by the thiol-oxidizing agent diamide. In an rsrA mutant expression is constitutive and uninduced by diamide
In tracheal epithelium, by lipopolysaccharide or inflammation
10-fold by auxin, 2-fold by gibberellic acid and not by cytokinin
By pathogen infection and wounding
Not regulated by iron starvation (PubMed:24843126). Induced by abscisic acid (ABA), salt stress and osmotic stress (PubMed:32540007)
Expression of this gene marginally increases (1.5-fold) in macrophages from 12 to 24 hours post-infection, and does not decrease up to 60 h
Down-regulated by exposure to trichloroethylene (TCE) and dichloroethylene (DCE) in fetal heart
By adriamycin, methymethane sulfonate, ethanol, H(2)O(2), ultraviolet irradiation and heat shock. Rapidly induced in acinar cells of the pancreas with acute pancreatitis upon caerulein treatment
By heat and acid shock
Induced by the Td92 surface protein of the periodontal pathogen T.denticola (PubMed:29077095). Down-regulated in monocytes following M.tuberculosis infection and exposure to bacterial lipopolysaccharide which coincides with increased M.tuberculosis replication and intracellular survival (PubMed:15385470)
Transcription is negatively regulated by FNR and does not require NarL or NarP (By similarity). Anaerobically activated by nitroprusside in both rich and minimal media. In anaerobic minimal medium, activated by nitrate. In rich medium aerobic cultures activated by nitroprusside. NorR required for activation
Up-regulated 34-fold 7 days after infection of human macrophages
Ty1-PR3 is a weakly expressed element. Induced under amino acid starvation conditions by GCN4
Up-regulation upon amino acid deprivation results from both increased transcription and protein stabilization (PubMed:11311116, PubMed:17488712, PubMed:18330498). Up-regulated by TGFB1 (PubMed:11716780). Up-regulation by insulin and osmotic shock (PubMed:18330498)
By stress and hormones. By infection with rice blast fungus (M.grisea). Circadian-regulation. Expression is higher during the light phase than during the dark phase. Induced by hydrogen peroxide in leaves (PubMed:25546583)
Undetectable expression in log phase, 18-fold induced by 30 days, decreasing slightly after (at protein level). Up-regulated 2.4-fold 7 days after infection of human macrophages
Up-regulated in Schwann cells by EGR2 during nerve development and after nerve injury
At low level by auxin. Induced by methyl jasmonate (MeJA), red light, far-red light and blue light (PubMed:18266905). Induced by wounding and infection by the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae (PubMed:21619871). Induced by elicitors from oral secretions of armyworm caterpillars (Spodoptera mauritia) (PubMed:23621526)
By infection with the oomycete H.parasitica (downy mildew)
Up-regulated by axonal regeneration (PubMed:20664640)
Activated by abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene, heavy metal, cold, salt and osmotic stresses
Epigenetically down-regulated by vernalization. Vernalization repression is initiated by VIN3. Repressed by silencing mediated by polycomb group (PcG) protein complex containing EMF1 and EMF2. Up-regulated by HUA2. Down-regulated by VOZ1 and/or VOZ2. Down-regulated by RBG7. Accumulates at elevated temperatures via a JMJ30/JMJ32-mediated epigenetic regulation (e.g. removal of the repressive histone modification H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3)) (PubMed:25267112)
Transient reduction upon de-etiolation (illuminated 5-day-old etiolated seedlings) (at protein level). Strongly induced by low-temperature stress and weakly in response to osmotic stress, salicylic acid (SA) and exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) treatments
Induced during senescence. Strongly induced by ethylene and slightly by abscisic acid. Repressed by cytokinin and darkness. Seems to be not affected by dehydration
Up-regulated in CD4(+) T-cells upon stimulation with CD3-ligands. Up-regulated in cultured calvarial osteoblasts by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Constitutively expressed in cultured bone marrow cells during osteoclast formation
Induced transiently by auxin (IAA) (PubMed:31862580). Induced during wounding, dehydration recovery, and treatment with putrescine (Put) (PubMed:31862580). Slightly and transiently repressed by jasmonic acid (MeJA), abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA), and drought (PubMed:31862580)
Expression is inhibited by miRNA MIR378C
Is constantly expressed at different growth phases in rich and selective media
Expression is autoregulated (Probable). Induced during biofilm formation (PubMed:14727089, PubMed:18545668)
Levels increase significantly after cardiogenic shock. Specifically induced by the cytokine IL6 in hepatocytes
By aromatic and aliphatic amides
Up-regulated by PKA pathway
Highly induced in roots, stems, leaves, flowers and siliques after a heat shock at 30 degrees Celsius. Highly and quickly induced by heat stress during early seedling development
By transcription factors SBF (SWI4-SWI6 cell-cycle box binding factor) and SWI5 in a cell cycle-regulated manner. Peaks in G1 phase
Activated by hydrogen peroxide
By PHYA
Up-regulated 2.3-fold 7 days after infection of human macrophages
By 4-chlorobenzoyl-CoA, 4-iodobenzoyl-CoA or 4-bromobenzoyl-CoA
Expression is regulated by carbon source, with very low expression with succinate, acetate, ethanol or pyruvate as carbon source
Induced by abscisic acid (ABA) in aleurone cells (PubMed:15618416, PubMed:16623886). Accumulates in response to uniconazole, a gibberellic acid (GA) biosynthesis inhibitor (PubMed:16623886). Repressed by GA (PubMed:15618416)
Circadian regulation. Induced during light phase and repressed during dark phase
By X-ray irradiation
Induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF and IL1B, via NF-kappaB signaling (PubMed:16730711, PubMed:19684084). Induced by cellular stresses such as heat shock, TPA, lipopolysaccharide and UV (PubMed:17603013). Induced by mitogens such as thrombin (PubMed:18959821)
In primary T-cells, down-regulated upon T-cell receptor activation (PubMed:15705585). Down-regulated in peritoneal macrophages soon after the beginning of LPS stimulation. Levels start increasing again after 3 days of LPS treatment (PubMed:22863753)
Up-regulated by salt, 2,4-D and methyl jasmonate. Down-regulated by cold and mannitol
By a subset of cytokines, including EPO/erythropoietin and CSF2/GM-CSF
Expression is lost when primary B-cells are induced to differentiate in antibody-forming cells
Is under the negative control of the global regulator FadR and the positive control of the cAMP:cAMP receptor protein (cAMP:CRP) as well as the alarmone ppGpp. Is induced under carbon-source starvation and in the presence of the long-chain fatty acid oleate. Induction during carbon starvation is cAMP:CRP-dependent and sigma(S)-independent
In strain DPC2739 is induced in mid-exponential phase cells by exposure to 42 degree Celsius for one hour
By heat shock and ethanol
By light, sucrose, glucose and fructose
Up-regulated following treatment with IFNG/IFN-gamma
Induced by methyl viologen, acifluorfen and cadmium
Expression in the theca and granulosa layers of the F3 stage ovarian follicle is not affected by intravenous injection of LPS
By fruit removal
A monocistronic transcript
Up-regulated by STAT3 in response to DNA damage. Induces by IL12 at late effector stage. Down-regulated by STAT5 in follicular T-helper cells (TfH)
Expression is positively regulated by Rv0485 (PubMed:19651861). Induced by different stress conditions such as surface stress, oxidative stress and acidic pH stress (PubMed:27147522)
By sulfur starvation
By expression of E2F1, E2F2, E2F3 and E2F4. Expression is reduced in response to radiation-induced DNA damage
By erythromycin
By dehydration (Ref.1). Not affected by water stress (PubMed:7846153)
Transcriptionally up-regulated by sterol treatment
Induced by cytotoxic agents, it is also increased during premature senescence. the induction seems to be mediated by TP53
Up-regulated in fibrotic lung. Down-regulated in activated dendritic cells
Decreased expression in various organs and cultured cell lines by doxorubicin treatment which may reduce mRNA stability
Part of the serB-radA operon (PubMed:1327967)
Transcription not induced by phosphate starvation, protein levels do not increase either (at protein level). Part of the pstS2-pknD operon
Accumulates progressively during senescence with maximum levels at late senescence stages. Induced by abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene (ACC) and gibberellin (GA(3))
The level of expression at different time points of growth is generally low (PubMed:16000716, PubMed:16699585). Expression increases when P.aeruginosa is grown in static cultures and under reduced levels of environmental oxygen, two conditions that resemble the environment within the lung alveoli of cystic fibrosis patients (PubMed:16000716). The ptxR upstream region contains two independent transcription initiation sites (T1 and T2), and potential binding sites for multiple regulators (PubMed:9852033, PubMed:16699585, PubMed:18048935, PubMed:18227247). Under aerobic conditions in iron-deficient medium, ptxR expression follows a biphasic curve that involves the P1 promoter only (PubMed:16699585). Iron eliminates the second peak of expression but does not affect expression from the P2 promoter (PubMed:16699585). Under microaerobic conditions, iron represses expression from subclones that carry P1 alone or P2 alone at both early and late stages of growth (PubMed:16699585). Under anaerobic conditions, expression increases considerably (PubMed:16699585). P1 is recognized by sigma-70 (PubMed:16699585). Regulated by the iron-starvation sigma factor PvdS under reduced levels of oxygen (PubMed:18048935). Vfr may be required for P2 expression throughout the growth cycle in iron-deficient medium (PubMed:18227247)
Expression increases gradually during the log phase of growth
Zataria multiflora essential oil reduces gene expression (PubMed:24294264). Expression is repressed by curcumin (PubMed:23113196)
Induced by Sendai virus
Induced by senescence (PubMed:14617064). Down-regulated by sucrose, glucose and fructose (PubMed:23715470)
By ihh/bhh
Up-regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with high intracellular beta-catenin
Repressed during growth on purines as a nitrogen source
Expression increases as the growth rate increases. Encoded in the rnc-era-recO operon. Processes the 5' end of its own transcript leading to mRNA instability
Up-regulated by salt and drought stress, but not by abscisic acid. The up-regulation is stronger and earlier when the roots are colonized by the endophytic fungus P.indica
By Ca(2+) (at protein level)
By apoptotic stimuli
More prevalent in stationary than exponential phase (at protein level)
By dorsal mesoderm-inducing signals including smad2-smad4, activin and other nodal-related proteins including nodal2/nr-2 and nodal4/nr-4. Shows autoinduction by nodal/nr-1. Induced by vegt, acting in an autoregulatory loop. Beta-catenin potentiates the response to activin. Not induced by wnt8 alone, but wnt8 potentiates the response to activin. Suppressed by ventral inducers such as bmp4
Down-regulated during the early stage of iron deficiency (at protein level)
Expressed under control of sigma-A RNA polymerase
By stress. Experimentally by elicitor of P.megasperma, yeast extract and dilution of cell cultures
Up-regulated in small intestine by contact with normal intestinal microflora. Expressed at very low levels in intestine from germ-free mice
Cotranscribed with incE, incF and incG within 2 hours after internalization
Induced by high temperature
By herbivory, wounding or elicitor treatments in young leaves of cv. B73, but not of cv. Delprim (PubMed:12481088). Induced transiently by F.graminearum and combination of jasmonic acid (JA) and ethephon (EP), an ethylene precursor (PubMed:26620527)
By IFNG/IFN-gamma (at protein level)
Up-regulated by insulin in myogenic cells (in vitro)
Up-regulated by sae locus. Down-regulated by SarA and sigma B factor
By different retroviral oncogenes
Up-regulated when grown on H(2)-CO(2)
Up-regulated in response to 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and juvenile hormone analog
Expression decreases after heat shock or during growth to stationary phase (PubMed:6761581, PubMed:2651414). Up-regulated upon carbon upshift and down-regulated upon amino acid limitation in an HSF1-dependent manner (PubMed:10322015). Interacts with SSE1 (PubMed:16219770, PubMed:16221677). Interacts with FES1 (By similarity)
Up-regulated by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (at protein level). Up-regulated by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
By Cu(2+). Maximally expressed 30 minutes after induction with 0.4 mM copper
By all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA)
During cold stress treatment
By cold, heat and drought stresses
Down-regulated in primary brain tumors
Hemagglutination activity is inhibited by D-lactose (MIC=1.75 mM), D-galactose (MIC=0.75 mM) and D-raphinose (MIC=3.5 mM). Is not inhibited by D-glucose, D-sucrose, D-maltose, D-mannose, D-fructose, D-threalose, and methyl-manopyrosonide (PubMed:15381156)
Induced during thermal stress (at protein level)
Down-regulated in fasting animals
By ethanol and butanol
Expression level in the liver as well as protein level in plasma down-regulated by up to 70% during acute inflammation or tumor development
Repressed by DNA-bound peptides
By growth on monoterpenes
By auxin and gibberellic acid
Induced by xylan and Avicel, and repressed by glucose
Specifically induced by chitin and strongly repressed by glucose
Down-regulated in ovarian and endometrial cancers (EC). Decrease of 3.2-fold in endometrial cancer
Expression is increased at higher temperature (37 degrees Celsius) and regulated by the transcription factor RYP1 (PubMed:18791067)
Strongly up-regulated by teicoplanin and vancomycin even at lower concentrations (10 ug/ml). Induced by oxacillin at a very high concentration of over 1000 ug/ml
The ackA-pta operon is induced under oxygen-limiting conditions by the oxygen regulator Anr and DNA-binding integration host factor
Expression is positively regulated by the fumonisin gene cluster-specific transcription regulator FUM21 (PubMed:17483290). Expression is increased under histone deacetylase (HDAC)-inhibiting conditions (PubMed:22117026). Expression is strongly reduced by benomyl (PubMed:25217721)
Found 1 and 2 days after cellophane wrapping, absent by the 6th day. This period coincides with islet neogenesis
By cAMP through transmembrane signal transduction
Repressed by abscisic acid
Induced by cold shock (PubMed:12399512). In rich medium highest expression in logarithmic growth, expression decreases and then disappears in stationary phase (at protein level) (PubMed:20572937, PubMed:23175651). Protein level not increased at 16 degrees Celsius. Not detected in minimal medium (at protein level) (PubMed:20572937)
Expression is regulated by the ACE2 and SWI5 transcription factors
By acidic conditions (PubMed:12694615). Could be induced by EvgA via the induction of YdeO (PubMed:12399493). By heat shock (shift from 30 to 45 degrees Celsius) (at protein level) (PubMed:29039649)
Induced in late sporulation stage by sigma K. Repressed by GerE
Induced in CD4 T-cells by concanavalin-A
Down-regulated by light in immature leaves, but not in roots. Not regulated by myriocin, squalestatin or terbinafine
Up-regulated in mice lacking Sohlh1
By SoxS
Up-regulated in anoikis-resistant pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells (at protein level)
Up-regulated at the mRNA level during transition from exponential to stationary phase. However, at the protein level, PsmA 1 is expressed at a high and relatively constant level throughout growth
By raffinose
Repressed by arginine
Induced by treatment with 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylate (ACC) and zeatin (PubMed:19706780). Repressed by treatment with abscisic acid (ABA) (PubMed:19706780)
By dithiothreitol- and tunicamycin-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response
By exposure to the Gram-negative bacterium P.aeruginosa strain PA14
Expressed periodically during cell division. Requires ACE2, CBK1, MOB2 and SWI5
Induced by TSA. Transcriptionally regulated by TsaQ and TsaR
Up-regulated during monocytic differentiation
Up-regulated in various cancer cell lines
By glucose and fructose (PubMed:22561114). Induced by abiotic stresses (PubMed:22561114)
Expression is induced in opaque cells and biofilm, and is regulated by WOR1
Induced by phenylacetate
By sporulation
Expressed in a circdadian manner in the liver with a peak at ZT10
Down-regulated by sucrose starvation in suspension cell culture
Down-regulated by digoxin (PubMed:16445568). Up-regulated by an excess cellular cholesterol level (PubMed:32687853). Up-regulated when ABCA1 is down-regulated (PubMed:32687853)
Induced in quiescent cells just as fibroblasts begin to leave the proliferative cycle and enter quiescence
By auxin and ethylene (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC))
Induced in persister cells
By ozone and light stress (PubMed:20500828). Induced by salt stress, drought stress and abscisic acid (ABA) (PubMed:22225700)
Repressed by SarA and MgrA by binding to the sarV promoter region
Expression is repressed by glycerol but highly up-regulated in the presence of fructose or glucose, regardless of glycerol supplementation
Induced by specific types of stressors like DNA damage, cellular starvation and proteotoxicity
By gluten
By p53, mezerein (antileukemic compound) and interferon beta
Up-regulated during retinoic acid-induced differentiation of neuroblastoma cells
Induced by jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) (PubMed:16463103). Triggered by auxin (IAA) in roots (PubMed:9839469, PubMed:21637967). Stimulated by light, UV-light and cold (PubMed:9839469). According to PubMed:16005291 and PubMed:23828545, rapidly repressed by abscisic acid (ABA) in an ABI1-dependent manner. But in contrast, according to PubMed:21637967, transiently induced by ABA in seedlings (PubMed:16005291, PubMed:21637967, PubMed:23828545). Rapidly repressed by drought. Activated by white light, but repressed by blue light and darkness (PubMed:16005291). Transiently induced by salt (NaCl) in seedlings. Induced by sucrose (PubMed:21637967). Positively regulated by SCAP1 (PubMed:23453954)
The SctC complex is found in cells grown at 37 degrees Celsius, but not in cells grown at 23 degrees Celsius. Detectable in cells grown in the presence of Ca(2+), although less abundantly than in cells grown under Ca(2+) depletion
Expression is increased in the absence of DNJ1
Expressed during stationary phase (PubMed:19121005) and in minimal glycerol medium, at 45 degrees Celsius, strongly (30-fold) induced in low oxygen (PubMed:19734316) (at protein level)
Autoregulated. Induced in response to HOCl
By alanine
Induced by jasmonic acid (JA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) in adventitious roots (PubMed:15356323, PubMed:15538577, PubMed:19857882, Ref.4). Induced by chitosan (CHN) (PubMed:15493471). Accumulates upon Cle-mediated signaling, an elicitor derived from fungal cell walls of C.lagenarium, thus inducing the accumulation of saponins (PubMed:15821288). Triggered by ethylene (ACC), rose bengal (RB), nitric oxide (NO) (PubMed:15821288). Accumulates in response to hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) (PubMed:15821288, Ref.4). Accumulates in the presence of squalene (PubMed:19857882). Induced by N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD) in a nitric oxide (NO) dependent manner thus leading to increased ginsenosides accumulation (PubMed:23467002). Induced by A.niger mycelium-derived elicitor, thus improving ginsenosides production in adventitious roots culture (PubMed:27746309). Triggered by vanadate (Ref.13). Stimulated by the plant cell wall-derived elicitor oligogalacturonic acid (Ref.4). Accumulates under heavy metal stress in the presence of CdCl(2) (PubMed:23232757). Influenced in roots by temperature and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and in leaves by relative humidity and rain (PubMed:30577538)
Repressed by NimR
Down-regulated in breast carcinomas
By N,N-dimethylformamide
Up-regulated upon activation of cAMP signaling
Up-regulated in heart in response to ischemia and reperfusion (at protein level)
Few foci are seen on rich media, when cells are grown in minimal medium more foci are seen (at protein level) (PubMed:22753055). Constitutively expressed in rich and sporulation/biofilm-inducing media, not controlled by spo0A (at protein level) (PubMed:25909364)
Stimulated by insulin, and the oxidants hydrogen peroxide and peroxovanadate
By phenobarbital (PubMed:2424910). Significantly increased expression by estrogen. Rapidly up-regulated within 0.5 hour after extrogen exposure with a peak at 1-4 hours. Expression is significantly decreased below control level after 30 hours (PubMed:11572089)
TNFRSF10B is regulated by the tumor suppressor p53
At the same time as leghemoglobin; after completion of nodule organogenesis and just before the onset of nitrogen-fixation activity
Moderately repressed by HBR1 in response to hemoglobin and growth signals
By cadmium and lead (PubMed:15708574). Induced by arsenite (PubMed:24214398)
Slightly repressed by high levels of Mn(2+) (PubMed:19801673, PubMed:19924247)
By heat shock. Hsp105-alpha also induced by other stresses
Down-regulated by partial submergence (PubMed:9037160). Induced in leaves by infection with the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae (PubMed:17012402). Induced by phosphate deficency (PubMed:30810167)
Up-regulated when cells reaches the G(1)/S boundary. Down-regulated by gamma-irradiation
Photocontrolled. Steady-state concentrations increase for the first 3 hours of illumination and then decline
By growth on acetoin
Induced by simultaneous deletion of five TA systems (MazF/MazE, RelE/RelB, ChpB, YoeB/YefM, and YafQ/DinJ)
Up-regulated in response to cold in brown and subcutaneous white adipose tissue where it may regulate non-shivering thermogenesis (at protein level)
By dehydration stress, salicylic acid, ethylene, methyl jasmonate, auxin, H(2)O(2), copper, benoxacor, isothiocyanates and the pathogen Hyaloperonospora parasitica
Up-regulated upon treatment with paraquat, t-butylhydroperoxide, diamide, and menadione
Induced or repressed by TGF-beta and dioxin in a cell-type specific fashion. Repressed by cAMP, retinoic acid, and TPA
Transcription is induced at high salt concentrations. Forms part of an operon with ablB
By the avirulence factor AvrRpm1 (at protein level)
Induced by the iron-regulated transcriptional activator AFT2
Repressed by low pH and heat shock. Up-regulated inside the host macrophages
Repressed by YodB. Induced by thiol specific stress conditions, such as exposure to 2-methylhydroquinone (2-MHQ), catechol or diamide. Not induced by oxidative stress due to hydrogen peroxide
Induced during infection of mouse macrophages
In the retinal pigment epithelium, up-regulated by L-thyroxine (at protein level)
Maximum level of expression in mid-S phase
By caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid and to a lesser extent by ferulic acid. Repressed by simple sugars, probably via the carbon catabolite repressor protein CreA
By sterol
By exposure to bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Inhibited by dexamethasone
Down-regulated by the miRNA MIR195
Initially up-regulated by exogenous auxin or brassinosteroid but down-regulated after a prolonged treatment. Down-regulated by abscisic acid, gibberellic acid or cytokinin
No accumulation in response to auxin treatment
Up-regulated by different neurotrophins, including NGF and BDNF, but not by growth factors, such as EGF
By type I interferons, double-stranded RNA, or lipopolysaccharides
Expression is induced in the presence of purine via PurR
By LPS and PBS
By IFNG/IFN-gamma and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)
Circadian-regulation. Expression peaked after 9 hours in light. Down-regulated by wounding and elicitor treatment
Strong response to the odorant 4-methylphenol, a component of human sweat, when expressed in odorant receptor deficient Drosophila. In vivo, decreased expression in antennae after a blood meal
Not induced by oxidative stress
In larvae, by bacterial cells or peptidoglycans
Circadian regulation under long day (LD) conditions. Expression peaks at dawn, gradually declines until dusk, and increased at night
Constitutively expressed in bone marrow cells. Up-regulated in vagina after 17-beta-estradiol treatment. Down-regulated after removal of ovaries
Activated by p53/TP53, mezerein (antileukemic compound) and IFNB1. Repressed by HDAC1
Up-regulated in n colorectal cancers
Negatively controlled by both CysB and SsuR
By zinc-deficiency
In response to stress by wounding
Expressed at both 28 and 37 degrees Celsius during exponential growth. Repressed by RpoS
Not induced by low temperature, abscisic acid or drought stress
By bitter compounds denatonium, quinine, strychnine, nicotine, atropine, quinacrine and caffeic acid in presence of taste membranes
Induced 1.8-fold by hydroxyurea
Induced by L-arabinose but not by D-galactose, D-xylose and D-glucose
Induced transiently by wounding in vascular tissues, before being repressed by MYB31 and MYB42
After blood meal ingestion and upon bacterial challenge
Repressed by light. Induced by CAMTA1 and/or CAMTA5 in pollen
Expressed in both yeast and hyphal cells at the same level, indicating that it has no morphological differential expression. Expression is slightly increased by fluconazole
Up-regulated by cold, heat shock and salt stresses
Induced during germination. Accumulates slightly in seedlings upon de-etiolation; triggered slowly after irradiation with far-red light (FRc)
Up-regulated by triiodothyronine
Up-regulated by aluminum. Small induction by erbium (Er) and low pH stress, but no induction by cadmium, copper, lanthanum or sodium
Positively regulated by NKX2-1, PHOX2B, SOX10 and PAX3
induced by stress due to exposure to 2-methylhydroquinone (2-MHQ)
Highly expressed in dry seed but drastically down-regulated after seed imbibition
Expression is controlled by CBF1
Expression is very weak and pH-independent
Inhibited by nickel
Induced by inflammatory stimuli in endothelial cells through an NF-kappa-B-dependent transactivation of the NR4A3 Promoter
Induced by temperature shift to 37 degrees Celsius, the condition whereby the pathogenic yeast phase is formed
Induced in the liver by beta-naphthoflavone (BNF) and 2(3)-t-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (BHA)
Expressed under all growth conditions
Expressed in cultures grown in medium containing D-xylose or oat spelt xylan. Transcription is completely repressed in the presence of glucose
Transcribed during anaerobic growth in the presence of L-carnitine or crotonobetaine
Up-regulated by gibberellins (PubMed:9625690). May be regulated by GEBP and GEBP-like proteins (PubMed:12535344)
Transiently induced by ozone treatment. Up-regulated during a continuous drought stress. Early induced by benzothiadiazol, a chemical analog of salicylic acid. Enhanced expression following both compatible or incompatible pathogen attacks
By cold and drought stresses
By H(2)O(2), cold, drought, cold or heat stresses, wounding, cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), exposure to high-intensity light and low-oxygen conditions in roots
Part of the metY operon that extends to pnp, also has its own promoter (PubMed:2849753)
By omega amino acids
By LPS. Slightly increased expression 24 hours post-injection in spleen and muscle
Repressed post-transcriptionally by miR164
By wounding and methyl jasmonate treatment
Repressed by ozone-induced oxidative stress
Up-regulated in biofilms
Down-regulated by drought and salt stresses
Up-regulated by high fat diet
Up-regulated by TGFB1 in mammary epithelial cells
Expression is autoregulated
Accumulates in roots, in a RAM1-dependent manner, during colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (e.g. Rhizophagus irregularis); the expression level correlates tightly with AM development
Expression is increased in opaque cells
By wounding and by methyl jasmonate
Strongly down-regulated in axillary buds within 6 hours after decapitation and then up-regulated
Down-regulated upon growth inhibition
By ethylene, abscisic acid (ABA), beta-aminobutyric acid (BABA), spermine, dark and infection with the cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) (PubMed:11230571, PubMed:14666423, PubMed:22947164). Induced by infection with the fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea (PubMed:23221759)
Induced in IL2-stimulated proliferating T-lymphocytes
By oxidative stress such as arsenite treatment
Accumulates in response to abscisic acid (ABA), cold, freezing and drought treatments
Strongly induced by abiotic stresses such as abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), wounding, high light, cold stress, oxidative stress, hypergravity and dehydration. Accumulates upon root colonization by the plant-growth-promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR) Paenibacillus polymyxa. Slightly reduced levels in response to UV-A illumination, salt stress and heat shock treatment
Expression is induced during conidiation, after conidia had begun to form (PubMed:2823119). Positively regulated by abaA (PubMed:2655931). Negatively regulated by velC (PubMed:24587098)
Expression is induced by peptone and during infection
Expression is strongly induced by methanol, but is completely repressed in the presence of glucose. However, methanol induced expression is equally strong in cells grown on glucose when formate, methylamine or choline is added. No expression is detected in cells grown on glycerol. When formate, methylamine or choline is added to the culture medium of glycerol- or glucose-grown cells, they exhibit an induction of FDH1 expression
Induced by touch, wounding, and darkness exposure. Also induced by high-salt treatment
Rapidly induced in roots during development of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) upon colonization by AM fungus (e.g. Glomeromycota intraradices)
Down-regulated in multiple tumors
Induced by the DNA-damaging agent etoposide. This induction is mediated by TP53 at the transcriptional level
Regulated by tumor promoters and mitogens through protein kinase C. Also induced by viruses
Constitutively expressed in most human cells; is induced to higher levels upon serum stimulation in untransformed and transformed cells
Exhibits night/day variations with a 10-fold increased protein levels and activity at night in the pineal gland and a 5-fold increase in the retina. In both tissues, the mRNA levels remain constant
Polycistronic RNA up-regulated by ecdysone
Levels decrease in degenerating myofibers, and increase with their regeneration
Produced during infection of wheat leaves
Up-regulated by dexamethasone
Repressed in diploid cells
Highly induced by zinc
Up-regulated in the ovary by reproductive hormones
Accumuates upon hypoxia (e.g. submergences)
Up-regulated by morphine. Down-regulated at 30-36 degrees Celsius while it is up-regulated at 39 degrees Celsius
Induced in male within 24 hours of pairing and levels rapidly diminish within 12 hours of becoming separated from the female
Up-regulated in differentiated trophoblast giant cells
Not regulated by cold, salt or desiccation
Induced strongly in the fat body by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
Down-regulated by zinc (PubMed:22706290, PubMed:22427991, PubMed:25582195). Down-regulated by angiotensin-2 (PubMed:22427991). Up-regulated by manganese (PubMed:22341971)
Highly up-regulated by aryl-beta-D-glucosides such as salicin or 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (MUG)
Induced by ultraviolet light, etoposide, doxorubicin, camptothecin and hydroxyl urea in embryonic stem cells (PubMed:25936915). Induced by etoposide and hydroxy urea in neural stem cells (PubMed:33115731)
Late in the ABE (acetone, butanol, and ethanol) fermentation and subject to glucose repression
By iron deprivation. Repressed by iron excess
By TNF and IL1/interleukin-1 in pulmonary endothelial cells and umbilical vein endothelial cells
Levels of the isoform 2 are altered in response to sucrose depletion (Suc) and temperature changes; reduced in cold but increased in warm temperatures
Expressed in neurites 5 days following initiation of nerve growth factor induced differentiation. NGF withdrawal results in the down-regulation of MAPK8IP3 protein by caspase-mediated cleavage
Down-regulated in hypertensive animals. Up-regulated after myocardial infarction
Transcriptionally repressed following hypoxia by HIF1A
Mainly expressed on ammonium-glucose exponential cultures (biosynthetic conditions), and repressed in the presence of leucine, isoleucine or valine
Repressed by SarA and agr, particularly in the post-exponential phase
Expressed at intermediate levels during the first growth phase, when ethanol is metabolized and acetic acid accumulates in the growth medium. Up-regulated during the second growth phase, when acetate is catabolized
Strongly induced in seedlings by CuSO4
Activated by glucose, and to a lesser extent by other metabolizable sugars such as galacturonate, arabinose and melibiose. Repressed by cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP)
Expression is positively regulated by calcium/calcineurin signaling through the sole CDRE element (5'-TTAGCCTC-3') in its promoter
Repressed by H-NS, activated by LeuO. Member of the yjjQ-bglJ operon
By phenobarbital in susceptible CS (16-fold) and in the LPR (1.6-fold) strains
Transcription increases slightly by internally generated superoxide stress
By IFNG/IFN-gamma, mitogens and IL1/interleukin-1
In shoots and roots by nitrate treatment
Down-regulated by ammonium or glutamine supply in roots
In glycerate, glucarate and glycolate-grown cells but not in glucose-grown cells (at protein level)
By IFNG/IFN-gamma and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (PubMed:1753106, PubMed:18025219). Up-regulated upon infection by T.gondii or L.monocytogenes (PubMed:18025219)
By salt stress and metals. Up-regulated by salicylic acid (SA)
(Microbial infection) Up-regulation of the complex formed by SLC3A2 and SLC7A5/LAT1 upon hepatitis C virus/HCV infection
Expression induced in quiescent peripheral blood lymphocytes after treatment with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Expression and the uptake of leucine is stimulated in mononuclear, cytotrophoblast-like choriocarcinoma cells by combined treatment with PMA and calcium ionophore
Expression is induced in human macrophages (PubMed:7507894, PubMed:9353032). Induced by acidity (PubMed:9353032). Transcription seems to be maximal between day 1 and day 5 after phagocytosis (PubMed:7507894)
up-regulated upon auxin treatment
1.5-fold induced in nutrient-poor medium
Induced by P. aeruginosa infection
By ecdysteroid and juvenile hormone
By methyl-beta-cyclodextrin. Up-regulated upon chronic morphine injection, in amygdala only, other brain regions remain unaffected. Induction by morphine may affect glutamate uptake in the amygdala, causing mice to develop morphine tolerance and dependence (PubMed:12438930). Was originally reported to be induced by retinoic acid (PubMed:12562531)
Not induced by pathogen infection and not detected in healthy leaves
By low extracellular levels of Mg(2+) and by low levels of proline; induction is higher in the absence of both. Also by osmotic shock (0.3 M NaCl). The leader of mgtA mRNA functions as a riboswitch; at low Mg(2+) stem loop 'C' forms which favors transcription of the full-length mgtA mRNA. Under limiting proline levels the 17 residue, proline-rich MgtL peptide encoded within the mgtA leader is unable to be fully translated, and the same stem loop 'C' is able to fold, again favoring transcription of the full mgtA mRNA. Osmotic shock induction also depends on MgtL translation
Up-regulated during an endoplasmic reticulum stress
Induced by TNF-alpha
By p53/TP53; expression is directly activated by TP53. TP53 phosphorylation on 'Ser-15' is required to activate the PHLDA3 promoter
Expression activated by ComK (PubMed:11948146)
By D-alanine. Is regulated by catabolite repression
Up-regulated upon necrotrophic pathogen infection
Up-regulated by nitrate after long time exposure
Inhibited by TGFB1 (Probable). Down-regulated by LPS (PubMed:21907835)
Expressed under high amounts of nitrogen via regulation by AREB (PubMed:24389666). Moreover, components of the fungal-specific velvet complex VEL1 and LAE1 act also as positive regulators of expression (PubMed:24389666). Finally, the pH regulator PACC acts as activator of FUB expression after the pH shift to alkaline ambient conditions (PubMed:24389666)
Not induced by red, far-red or blue light
Expression is induced by oleate
By zinc and H(2)O(2)
Down-regulated by heat stress. Negatively regulated by SPL
By erythropoietin
Expressed at elevated levels early in meiosis. Expression depends on IME1
Is not regulated by light unlike the genes responsible for the preceding reactions in the carotenoid pathway
Negatively regulated by microRNAs miR156 and miR157 (Probable). Up-regulated by Turnip mosaic virus P1/HC-Pro protein, that acts as an antagonist of miR156
Induced by oxidative stress via FOXO3 activation
Constitutively expressed (PubMed:19121005), repressed in minimal glucose medium, by SDS/EDTA (envelope stress), at 10 degrees Celsius and H(2)O(2), induced in minimal glycerol medium, by thiol oxidant diamide, strongly induced at 45 degrees Celsius (PubMed:19734316) (at protein level). Transcription is dependent on CRP
Forms an operon with yhdL and yhdK, maximally expressed during early to mid-exponential growth phases (PubMed:10216858). Transcription decreases during late exponential growth; positively autoregulated (PubMed:10216858). Negatively regulated by yhdL and yhdK (PubMed:10216858). Induced by 5% ethanol, 80 uM paraquat, pH 4.3, the antibiotics, inhibitors of cell wall, bacitracin, vancomycin and phosphomycin, heat shock of 10 minutes at 50 degrees Celsius (PubMed:12775685). No induction was observed with pH 9, H(2)O(2), monensin, and the detergents Triton X-100 and Tween 20 (PubMed:12775685). Induced 3-fold by the beta-lactam antibiotic cefuroxime (PubMed:22211522)
Present when grown on one-carbon (C(1)) compounds
Down-regulated by ascorbate
Induced by wounding (PubMed:18267087, PubMed:20348210, PubMed:24430866). Induced by methyl jasmonate (PubMed:24430866)
During smooth muscle cell differentiation in vitro. Upon adipogenesis
Induced by UV light and hydrogen peroxyde H(2)O(2)
By activin and by smad2
Induced by acidic stress during exponential phase
Down-regulated by osmotic shock and ethanol. Not induced by oxidative stress
Down-regulated by H(2)O(2) treatment
At the onset of myoblast fusion
In culture expression is maximal at 3 hours during mid-log phase. During infection of mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) expression is maximal after 1 hour, when the bacteria is expected to be in the phagosome
Not up-regulated by cytokinins
Expression is directly regulated by E2F1 and E2F4, which bind to its promoter and direct its expression (PubMed:17050006, PubMed:18625225, PubMed:28193232, PubMed:28992046). Up-regulated by MYC (PubMed:16423995). Strongly overepressed in a number of tumors, such has hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), pancreatic or neuroendocrine prostate cancers (PubMed:20362226, PubMed:26235627, PubMed:28193232)
High levels are induced within 4-8 hours of T-cell activation in spleen and thymus
By iron starvation. Iron regulation mediated through the Fur protein
By coronalon
Slightly induced by the fungal pathogen B.cinerea
Induced by abscisic acid (ABA), drought and high-salinity stresses. Promoted by methylviologen (MV), a superoxide radical generating drug, a superoxide radical generating drug
Induced by drought, salt stress, ethylene (ET) and salicylic acid (SA), mainly in shoots
Slightly induced by ethylene, auxin (IAA), jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA)
Expression oscillates in a circadian manner in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the brain (PubMed:23785138). Expressed at higher levels during the dark period and at lower levels during the light period (PubMed:23785138). Up-regulated after sciatic nerve injury (PubMed:28111162)
By ornithine
Carboxysome size and components vary with growth conditions. When grown in ambient air at medium light (50 uE meter(-2) second(-1)) there are 14 units of this protein per carboxysome, the numbers decrease slightly under low light, and increase under high light and high CO(2) (at protein level)
Induced by the auxin indole-3-butyric acid (IBA)
By Fe(3+) ion deprivation
Up-regulated by gibberellins, vernalization and under long-day conditions. Gradual increase during vegetative growth. Induced by AGL24 at the shoot apex at the floral transitional stage. Repressed by SVP during the early stages of flower development. Inhibited by AP1 in emerging floral meristems (PubMed:17428825, PubMed:18339670, PubMed:19656343). Repressed by SHL to prevent flowering (PubMed:25281686)
Is induced by octopine. Is part of the occ operon
Up-regulated by a low-phosphate diet (PubMed:9058191). Down-regulated by PTH at brush border membrane of proximal tubules (PubMed:8691716)
Up-regulated in the presence of xylan
Between 15 and 30 minutes due to fermentation progress
By the signal autoinducer AI-2, through MqsR
Repressed by RpaR in the absence of 4-coumaroyl-homoserine lactone. Induced by 4-coumaroyl-homoserine lactone
Repressed by MmpR5 (PubMed:24737322). Repressed by iron (PubMed:12065475). Regulation is IdeR-independent (PubMed:12065475)
Mechanical wounding induces a rapid increase of this protein. In leaves, this increase is inhibited by the addition of osmotically active agents
Expression is under the control of the ADR1, CAT8, and GCN4 transcription factors. Also induced by external ammonia and in rho(0) cells
Accumulates in cotyledons and roots after treatments with isoxaben (an herbicide) and 9-hydroxyoctadecatrienoic acid (9-HOT) (PubMed:23370715). Induced in leaves inoculated with Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato (Pst) (PubMed:23370715)
Repressed by the zinc-finger protein SOMNUS when PHYB is inactive in far-red (FR) conditions, but derepressed upon PHYB activation by red light (R)
Accumulates strongly in the root stele and in the outer layers of the lateral roots when exposed to iron (Fe)-deficient conditions (PubMed:24278034). Slightly induced by ethylene and by darkness conditions (PubMed:9839469). Accumulates upon potassium (K) depletion (PubMed:15489280). Induced by zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) ions (PubMed:18088336)
Up-regulated by the transcription factor SP1
Induced in response to heat shock (45 degrees Celsius), pH 4, pH 10, ethanol, H(2)O(2), hyperosmolarity and starvation (PubMed:18227175)
By ozone
Up-regulated during an endoplasmic reticulum stress via ATF6. Activated in response to infection by influenza virus through the dissociation of DNAJB1. Down-regulated by DNAJB1 and THAP12
Induced in absence of iron. Maximally expressed during stationary phase when cultivated in low-iron minimal medium
Transcriptionally repressed by MSMEG_6503/MSMEI_6332
By pentobarbital (PubMed:1544926, PubMed:3106359). Expression is negatively regulated by repressor bm3R1 at the transcriptional level (PubMed:1544926)
Expression is stimulated by CREB1 in myocytes; direct target of CREB1
Down-regulated by gemcitabine/GMZ (at protein level) (PubMed:19345744). Down-regulated upon serum starvation (PubMed:19345744)
By ER stress. Regulated by p53/TP53
During squamous cell differentiation. Repressed by retinoic acid
Accumulates according to a circadian rhythm in the SCN
Induced by tunicamycin and osmotic stress
Expression activated by developmentally controlled senescence pathways leading to programmed cell death (PCD), probably by epigenetic regulation via histone H3 deacetylation and by WRKY53 activation (PubMed:10579486, PubMed:10380810, PubMed:18212027, PubMed:18721318, PubMed:19143996). Strongly up-regulated upon abscisic acid treatment (PubMed:9617813). Repressed by cytokinin, auxin (IAA), and sugars (sucrose, glucose and fructose) which can thus repress developmental senescence (PubMed:10579486). The senescence-associated accumulation is salicylic acid- (SA) dependent (PubMed:10972893). Induced slightly in outer leaves by UV-B exposure (PubMed:11432956). Expressed in late stages of heavy-metal- (e.g. copper) and hypersensitive response- (HR) mediated lesions, in chlorotic tissues surrounding the necrosis (PubMed:10380810). The induction by cadmium is nitric oxyde- (NO) dependent and occurs one day before cell death (PubMed:19261736)
Up-regulated by norflurazon
Expression levels are tightly regulated during the cell cycle. Strongly up-regulated during late G2 phase and M phase of the mitotic cell cycle. Down-regulated at the G1-S phase transition of the cell cycle
Expression increased by citrate dietary supplementation
Part of the rapC-phrC operon, which is controlled by the P1 promoter (PubMed:10464187). Transcription from the P1 promoter is activated by high cell density through the phosphorylated form of ComA (PubMed:10464187). RapC is part of an autoregulatory loop, and it negatively regulates its own expression (PubMed:10464187)
Transient induction by exogenous methyl jasmonate, reaching a maximum 48 hours after treatment. Not induced by endogenous jasmonic acid resulting from sorbitol stress
Transcriptionally regulated by ERBB2 receptor signaling in breast cancer epithelial cells. Up-regulated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) in bronchial epithelial cells. By retinoic acid in MCF-7 mammary epithelial cells (at protein level)
Expression is up-regulated in the spiral ligament and nerve fibers of the cochlea upon moderate noise exposure causing only a temporary hearing impairment. Expression is down-regulated in the organ of Corti, the spiral ganglion, the stria vascularis and the spiral ligament of the cochlea upon intratympanic injection of aminoglycoside antibiotic gentamicin inducing cell damage and permanent hearing loss
APS rose several hundred-fold during the acute phase reaction
Up-regulated during lymphocyte activation
By calcitriol and during osteoblast differentiation
Expression in the bone oscillates in a circadian manner and its expression is negatively regulated by CCRN4L/NOC
Up-regulated after exposure to oxygen stress (at both transcript and protein levels). Repressed by PerR
By treatment with growth factors such as bradykinin, lysophosphatidic acid, and Ca(2+) ionophore in addition to serum
Expression is regulated by SRF and MEF2
By STATa
Up-regulated by ac/sc in proneural clusters of the wing disk
Up-regulated by konjac glucomannan and by cellobiose and mannobiose, the possible degradation products of glucomannan. Repressed by glucose via the carbon catabolite repression system. Also repressed by GmuR. Is not induced by aryl-beta-D-glucosides such as arbutin or salicin
Expression is repressed by methionine
Induced by gamma irradiation and zeocin
Repressed by iron and IdeR
Expression is induced upon exposure to amphotericin B, the allylamine terbinafine, and the azole itraconazole
By benzo[a]pyrene (B[A]P) and beta-naphthoflavone (beta-NF)
Expression is increased during ergosterol starvation, during anaerobic growth or in the presence of SR31747A, a sterol isomerase inhibitor (PubMed:10734216). Exogenously-supplied zymosterol is entirely transformed into ergosterol, which represses ERG2 expression (PubMed:10734216). However, exogenously-supplied ergosterol does not affect ERG2 expression (PubMed:10734216)
By 1-haloalkanes
Up-regulated by injury in larvae and adults
Up-regulated in response to prolonged energy depletion (PubMed:26442059). Down-regulated by glucose, sucrose and mannose (PubMed:26442059). Induced by NaCl and abscissic acid (ABA) (PubMed:26442059). Induced by cytokinin (PubMed:26442059)
By abscisic acid (ABA), dehydration and salt stress in roots. Isoform alpha is up-regulated in leaves but not in roots upon salt treatment. Isoforn beta is up-regulated by salt treatment in both roots and leaves
By high-light stress
Expressed during exponential and stationary growth
Part of the CBASS operon consisting of cdnD-IK1_05631
Inhibited by organomercurials and iodoacetate
Up-regulated by glucose in Langerhans islets (at protein level)
Induced by clofibrate and di(2-ethylhexyl)phtalate (DEHP)
Induced by the heterodimer APETALA3 (AP3)/PISTILLATA (PI) (PubMed:9489703). Induced by senescence (PubMed:22184656, PubMed:24659488, PubMed:25516602). Induced by abscisic acid (ABA) (PubMed:22184656, PubMed:25516602). Induced by ethylene (PubMed:25516602)
Expressed and secreted during the transition to the stationary growth phase. Is probably up-regulated in response to factors (metabolite and/or regulatory molecule) occurring in high-density cultures
By type I interferon. Down-regulated in most hepatocellular carcinoma tumorous tissues (at protein level)
Up-regulated during nodulation
Expression is induced 2 fold by treatment at 45 MPa for 30 minutes
May be up-regulated in response to CTNNB1/beta-catenin activation
Constitutively expressed in neural cells
Induced during G2-M transition
Constitutively expressed. Proteasomally degraded upon salt stress
In short-day conditions, follows a diurnal pattern of regulation, with transcription repression in the light and activation in the dark (PubMed:17092320, PubMed:9617813, PubMed:21736589). Induced by oxidants (e.g. hydrogen peroxide H(2)O(2), menadione and paraquat) (PubMed:17092320, PubMed:21736589). Accumulates in response to abscisic acid (ABA) and dehydration (PubMed:17092320, PubMed:9617813, PubMed:21736589). Induced by ethylene, more strongly in the younger leaves than in the older ones (PubMed:9617813). Up-regulated 12 h postinfestation (hpi) in green peach aphid (GPA; Myzus persicae Sulzer) infested leaves (PubMed:16299172). Triggered by cold, wounding and salt (PubMed:18808718, PubMed:21736589). Strongly induced by the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea (PubMed:21736589)
By high temperature
Ty1-DR3 is a weakly expressed element. Induced under amino acid starvation conditions by GCN4
By beta interferon. By macrophage differentiation factors. During myocyte differentiation. By different bacterial infections such as Staphylococcus aureus or Mycobacterium bovis
Induced by jasmonic acid (JA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) in adventitious roots (PubMed:15356323, PubMed:25642758, Ref.6, PubMed:15538577, Ref.10). Induced by chitosan (CHN) (PubMed:15493471). Accumulates upon Cle-mediated signaling, an elicitor derived from fungal cell walls of C.lagenarium, thus inducing the accumulation of saponins (PubMed:15821288). Triggered by ethylene (ACC), rose bengal (RB), nitric oxide (NO) (PubMed:15821288). Accumulates in response to hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) (PubMed:15821288, Ref.6). Induced by N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD) in a nitric oxide (NO) dependent manner thus leading to increased ginsenosides accumulation (PubMed:23467002). Induced by A.niger mycelium-derived elicitor, thus improving ginsenosides production in adventitious roots culture (PubMed:27746309). Triggered by vanadate (Ref.12). Stimulated by the plant cell wall-derived elicitor oligogalacturonic acid (Ref.6). Influenced in roots by photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and in leaves by relative humidity (PubMed:30577538)
Exhibits night/day variations with a 15-fold increased expression at night in the pineal gland. Up-regulation is due to a large degree to the release of norepinephrine from nerve terminals in the pineal gland and cAMP signaling pathway (at protein level)
Induced by cycloheximide (CHX) and cold/dark treatment (PubMed:12430018). Up-regulated in response to iron (Fe) deficiency (PubMed:24015802)
By nodal/nr-1 in the left lateral plate mesoderm
Up-regulated upon injury
By cytokines and mitogens. Up-regulated by IL1B (PubMed:26282205, PubMed:9545330). Up-regulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (PubMed:9545330)
Up-regulated in UV-irradiated fibroblasts, but not in UV-irradiated keratinocytes
By galactose
Induced by heat shock (PubMed:11402207). Induced by DTT (PubMed:26186593)
By androgens; strongly
Induced by sucrose and glucose
By gibberellin, abscisic acid (ABA), heat shock and infection with the bacterial pathogen P.syringae. Not regulated by transition from dark to light. Triggered by NAC072/RD26 during senescence (PubMed:29659022)
Not regulated by methyl jasmonate treatment
By insulin and hepatectomy
Is not induced by aryl-beta-D-glucosides such as arbutin, salicin or 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (MUG). Is not repressed by glucose
By retinoic acid in embryos
By flax rust susceptible infection but not by resistant infection. Levels 10-fold higher in infected plants than uninfected plants
Activated by cytotoxic events and down-regulated during aging. In peripheral T-lymphocytes, induced By CD3 and by PMA/ionomycin. Inhibited by herbimycin B
Up-regulated by ionomycin in T-lymphocytes. Down-regulated in acute lymphoblastic leukemia
By hyperosmotic stress and abscisic acid (ABA) in leaf blades
Up-regulated by apoptotic inducers
In models of cancer cachexia, induced in muscle during the progression of wasting
By heat shock and primary alcohols
Strong, by heat shock, by entry in the stationary growth phase, and by cAMP, probably via the activity of a cAMP-dependent protein kinase. By glucose starvation and by fatty acids
Induced during recovery from thermal stress
Is not solely regulated by nitrogen limitation
Down-regulated by DNA replication-inhibiting agents
Up-regulated by hypoxia but not by ethylene
By taurine
Down-regulated by white light in dark-grown seedlings
Expression is negatively regulated by RIM101. Expression is also increased in absence of SUR7, as well as CHK1 and NIK1
By auxin, heat, ethylene and wounding
Down-regulated in vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) treated with benzo[a]pyrene (BaP)
Induced during yeast to hyphae transition, during biofilm formation, during oralpharyngeal candidasis, and in response to serum. Regulated BY FLO8, NRG1, RFG1, RGT1, TUP1, TSA1, and UME6
Fades out in flower petals after pollination, thus resulting in a decrease in methylbenzoate emission (PubMed:14630969). Strongly repressed by ethylene (PubMed:14630969)
Isoform 7 is induced in G2/M phase of the cell cycle
Exhibits circadian rhythm expression in the pineal gland. Maximum levels between ZT13 and ZT16 during light/dark cycle. Similar expression in constant darkness. Expression in the retinal photoreceptor cells oscillates in a circadian manner
By phenobarbital and dexamethasone
By Hyaloperonospora parasitica. Down-regulated by salicylic acid, ethylene and methyl jasmonate
By formaldehyde, ethanol and methyl methanesulphonate
Induced locally by Alternaria brassicicola but systemically by Fusarium oxysporum
Strongly induced by teicoplanin, vancomycin and oxacillin in strain RN4220, a restriction defective laboratory strain derived from NCTC 8325
Expression is induced by oat spelt xylan but not by birchwood xylan, xylose, or xylitol. Expression is repressed by glucose. The promoter contains 3 creA consensus binding sites, 1 xlnR consensus binding site, and 3 pH activator pacC consensus binding sites
Up-regulated in soleus muscle atrophied by disuse
Induced by high temperature (at protein level)
Strongly induced during sporulation
Down-regulated in cancer and after osteoblastic differentiation. Up-regulated by dihydrotestosterone (DHT)
Up-regulated during replicative senescence, in response to DNA-damaging drugs, telomere unprotection and oncogenic Ras-induced stress. Induced by proteasomal inhibitor MG132. Up-regulated at G1 and G2 stages of cell cycle
By Cu(+) and Cu(2+)
Repressed by pyrimidines
By heat, ethanol, osmotic shock and infection by filamentous bacteriophages (PubMed:1712397). Induced during contact-dependent growth inhibition (CDI), but not during recovery from CDI (PubMed:19124575)
Late induced by benzothiadiazol, a chemical analog of salicylic acid. Enhanced expression following incompatible bacterial pathogen attack
Overexpressed only in pancreas during acute pancreatitis. Up-regulated by starvation. Up-regulated following MTOR-inhibition by rapamycin
By abscisic acid (ABA) and dehydration
By salicylate and upon tobacco necrosis virus infection
By growth factors (PubMed:3133658). Up-regulated in lung vasculature in response to reperfusion after ischemia (PubMed:11100120). Up-regulated in liver in response to partial hepatectomy (PubMed:15265859)
Low expression in early log phase, it increases until stationary phase (at protein level). A monocistronic transcript
By ethanol and isoniazid
Accumulates transiently within 2 days in response to cold; the proteasome-mediated degradation observed after accumulation is triggered by prefoldin co-chaperone complex (e.g. PFD3, PFD4 and PFD5)
Up-regulated when grown on L-lysine, D-lysine or 2-aminoadipate
Induced by dark (PubMed:16827922). Down-regulated by treatments with auxin and brassinosteroid (PubMed:16827922)
Expression is not repressed by inorganic phosphate
Negatively regulated by SHOOT MERISTEMLESS (STM)
Coinduction with mevalonate transport system
Dramatically induced in brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle by exposure of animals to cold. Up-regulated in brown adipose tissue of obese leptin-deficient (ob/ob) and leptin-unresponsive (db/db) mice. Leptin is required for normal basal and cold-stimulated expression in brown adipose tissue and hyperleptinemia rapidly up-regulates its expression. Induced in muscle by exercise. Oscillates diurnally in liver and skeletal muscle
By furnocoumarin
Negatively regulated by an overlapping cis-acting antisense RNA which itself is positively regulated by extracytoplasmic sigma factors SigM and SigX; when both sigma factors are deleted expression of the yabE mRNA is detected
By iron deficiency
By bmp and notch signaling, and in response to signaling events of early neural crest induction. Repressed by hes4/hairy2 in a DNA-binding dependent manner through repression of bmp4 transcription, but up-regulated by hes4/hairy2 acting via delta1 activation. By myc
Expression is induced in biofilm and by HAP43
Expression is induced by the KAR4 transcription factor
By powdery mildew (e.g. Golovinomyces cichoracearum and Pseudomonas syringae) inoculation
Induced by inhibition of BMP signaling
Down-regulated in all tissues except pancreas in a rat hypertension model
Induced by uric acid. Repressed by nitrogen
Induced by low temperature (23 degrees Celsius). Repressed by the autoinducer-2 (AI-2) and by indole. Induced by 5-fluorouracil. Strongly induced at 16 degrees Celsius. Expression has been shown to be independent of RpoS (PubMed:18174134) and dependent on RpoS (PubMed:19240136), repressed by YcgE. At 16 degrees Celsius with blue light irradiation expression of this operon is absolutely dependent on YcgF for relief of YcgE repression. Part of the ycgZ-ymgA-ariR-ymgC operon, it probably also has its own promoter
By light. Not modulated by far-red light
Low levels of expression in early log phase, increases about 3-fold by stationary phase (at protein level) (PubMed:11673439)
By CtrA
By inoculation with non-pathogenic fungus C.heterostrophus. Expressed as early as 3 hours post inoculation (hpi) and accumulates thereafter, with the highest expression 24 hpi
Up-regulated during growth on ethylamine
Expression is almost undetectable in vegetatively growing cells (PubMed:27790999, PubMed:31063135). Small amounts of transcripts accumulate between 4-8 hrs of development, continue to accumulate until they peak at 16 hrs, and decline thereafter (PubMed:27790999, PubMed:31063135)
Expression levels may be influenced by circadian rhythms
Induced by jasmonic acid, ethylene, wounding and pathogen infection. Inhibited by sodium butyrate
Through a myriad of surface receptors including the TCR/CD3 signaling complex, coreceptors, or chemokine receptors
Expressed at low levels at 37 degrees Celsius; 5-fold further induced after heat shock (50 degress Celsius). A longer form is transiently induced by diamide (at protein level). Autoregulated. Part of the sigH-rshA operon
Expressed during infection of host plant and in germinating cysts
By maltose and maltotriose. Repressed by glucose
By heat shock. There are multiple isoforms that, with increasing temperature, shift in relative abundance from the more basic to the more acidic
Repressed by hydrogen peroxide H(2)O(2) in a CRF6-dependent manner
Induced during early infection in human macrophages
By salicylic acid (SA), benzothiadiazole (BTH), hydrogen peroxide, abscisic acid (ABA), wounding, salt, cold and osmotic stresses
Induced in nodules 21 days after rhizobial inoculation
Shows a transient down-regulation due to overexcitation of neurons induced by kainic acid
By calcium ion, methyl-jasmonate (MeJA), cold, drought, and high salinity stress
During vegetative growth. Expressed periodically during the cell cycle
By chilling (PubMed:10517853). By abscisic acid (ABA) (PubMed:24357600)
The phoP/phoQ operon is positively autoregulated by both PhoP and PhoQ in a Mg(2+)-dependent manner. Repressed by RcsB via sigma factor RpoS (Probable). Induced by antimicrobial peptides (similar to those in macrophages) and low Mg(2+) concentrations
By serum stimulation, heat shock and oxidative stress
Induced by NaCl and sorbitol
By growth on N-acetylglucosamine
By glyphosate, wounding and fungal elicitor
By nitrate and by light
By the physical stimulus of an oil-collodion membrane
By nitrosative stress and anaerobiosis. Expression is not detected during aerobic growth
By introduction of foreign cells into the abdominal cavity of adult P.americana
Up-regulated in situ in psoriatic skin (at protein level)
During retinoic acid-mediated differentiation. Up-regulated by starvation and a high fat diet (PubMed:25187989)
Up-regulated during vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infection
By mesoderm-inducing factor activin A
Transcriptionally regulated by DIMM
Not induced by cytokinin
Under all conditions of nutrient limitation, and by addition of decoyinine
Slightly induced by salt
Rapidly induced by dehydration, slightly induced by high salinity and abscisic acid (ABA)
By dorsal-mesoderm inducing signals including activin, vegt and other nodal-related proteins. Beta-catenin potentiates the response to activin and vegt. Not induced by wnt8 alone, but wnt8 potentiates the response to activin
Up-regulated in kidney by androgens. Down-regulated in kidney by estrogens. Levels in kidney are very low in female C57BL/6 mice and in castrated male C57BL/6, 129/SvJ and BALB/c mice. Constitutively expressed in liver
Induced by xylan and repressed by glucose. Expressed at neutral pH, but not under alkaline or acidic condtions
By L-tyrosine
Cell cycle regulated. Up-regulated at the G1/S phase transition and then decreases rapidly as cells progress into S-phase. Not up-regulated during the male and female gametophytic mitoses
Induced by drought, salt and abscisic acid (ABA). Down-regulated by cold
Strongly up regulated by heavy metals
No responses to methyl jasmonate, ethylene, abscisic acid, salicylic acid, isonicotinic acid, indolacetic acid, gibberellic acid and infection with incompatible bacterial or compatible fungual pathogens
By differentiation in neurons
Increased by rosiglitazone in subcutaneous and visceral white adipose tissue
Induced under aerobic conditions and by mild heat stress
Induced by oxacillin but not by hydrogen peroxide
Expressed in presence of arabinose, cellobiose, fructose, glucose, glycerol, maltose, pullulan, soluble starch, or xylose
Various environmental stress conditions, e.g. oxidative stress (exposure to H(2)O(2)) and other stress factors such as salt, increased pH, high concentration of solvents or cold shock, do not lead to increased transcript levels of this gene. However, PubMed:15336429 shows that rbr2 is slightly up-regulated after exposure to air, but PubMed:19648241 shows it does not respond to the presence of O(2). Is not repressed by PerR
Up-regulated at day 5 pregnant or pseudopregnant of the uterine glandular epithelial cells, at time of maximal sensitization for the decidual cell reaction. Down-regulated at day 6 refractory uterus
Not controlled by the level of physiologically active gibberellin
Part of the cadB-cadA operon, which is under the control of the Pcad promoter (PubMed:1370290, PubMed:16491024). Expression is regulated by CadC (PubMed:1370290, PubMed:16491024). Highly expressed at acidic pH in the presence of lysine (PubMed:1370290, PubMed:16491024, PubMed:14982633). The global regulator Lrp has also a positive effect on the expression of the cadBA operon when cells are exposed to moderate acidic stress in the presence of lysine (PubMed:21441513). Repressed by H-NS under non-inducing conditions (PubMed:16491024). Repressed at pH 5.6 by OmpR (PubMed:29138484)
Up-regulated in response to cellular stress, hypoxia and DNA damage via NF-kappa-B
Cell cycle-regulated. The nuclear isoform is present in very low amounts in G1 phase cells, but increases as cells progress through S phase, with a peak in late S/G2. The mitochondrial isoform follows a similar, but less pronounced induction pattern. The nuclear isoform is prone to APC/C-dependent degradation in G1, whereas the mitochondrial isoform is not
Antimicrobial activity is decreased when the sodium chloride concentration is increased
Strongly induced by drought, high salinity and abscisic acid (ABA). Slightly up-regulated by cold treatment. Not induced by jasmonic acid
Induced by jasmonate
Circadian regulation with a peak after 8 hours of light. Induced by abscisic acid (ABA). Down-regulated by salicylic acid (SA)
Up-regulated at the mRNA level during transition from exponential to stationary phase. However, at the protein level, PsmB is expressed at a high and relatively constant level throughout growth
Transcription is induced by HWY-289, but not by CI-976. HWY-289 may deplete protein levels causing an increase in transcription
By type I interferon (IFN) and viruses. Isoform 2 is up-regulated by 3'-PPP-RNA
By C and N starvation, and by light
By 20-hydroxyecdysone, but is not expressed until the ecdysteroid titer falls
Strongly inhibited by tyrosine
Transiently increased in dorsal root ganglia 1 day post-dorsal rhizotomy, returning to comparable levels 3 days post-injury (PubMed:28270793). Increased in dorsal root ganglia in response to both sciatic nerve crush and transection injury (PubMed:28270793)
Strongly induced by abscisic acid (ABA) and leaf senescence
Up-regulated by biotic and chemical treatments
By cold and salt stresses. Not induced by heat stress
Induced in absence of NAP1 (PubMed:12788058). Expression is increased by rapamycin, which mimics nitrogen starvation by inactivating the TORC1 complex (PubMed:26040717)
Activated by the Ras1/MAPK pathway in R1, R6 and R7 cells in the eye. Down-regulated by the Notch pathway
Up-regulated in spleen and kidney in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
Transiently down-regulated during the early events of yeast to hyphae conversion
By linear fatty acids (up to butyrate)
Expression is controlled by the kojic acid gene cluster transcription factor kojR (PubMed:21514215). Expression is also positively regulated by the secondary metabolism general regulator laeA (PubMed:21897021). Finally, nitrogen deficiency also positively regulates expression (PubMed:26657710)
Induced by the pathogenic bacteria P.syringae pv. tomato, and slightly induced by the powdery mildew fungus G.cichoracearum and the fungal pathogen B.cinerea
Up-regulated in the hypothalamus of obese mice
Induced in cells undergoing apoptosis
In culture expression is high during mid-log phase (2 hour), then decreases to nearly undetectable levels in late stationary phase (16 hours). During infection of mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) expression is maximal after 1 hour, when the bacteria is expected to be in the phagosome
Up-regulated in response to infection with the bacteria E.tarda
Induced by anaerobic conditions, and further induced by presence of nitrate
Strongly expressed during patulin production whereas it was very weakly expressed in non-patulin permissive conditions (PubMed:24334092)
Induced by sphingolipid elicitor and chitin elicitor, and a compatible race of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae
Expressed periodically during the glycolytic and respiratory oscillations cycles
Induced by fungal elicitor and UV irradiation. Down-regulated by wounding and UV irradiation (PubMed:23246835)
Inhibited by swainsonine and by copper sulfate
Preferentially expressed in the developing yeast phase of P.marneffei
Expression is up-regulated during acid stress
Repressed by treatment with silver
By M.oryzae pathogen infection
By mycelia, fungal cell walls, and chitin, but only in the absence of glucose
Follows a circadian-oscillation with the highest expression in the middle of the light phase and the lowest expression in the middle of the dark phase
By hyaluronidase. Up-regulated in outer and inner nuclear layers during retinal degeneration
Constitutively expressed, levels remain the same over 144 hours of growth (at protein level) (PubMed:25048532). Part of the probable 18 gene mamAB operon (Probable)
By auxin, ethylene and wounding
In Sertoli cells, induced by FSH. In the pineal gland, exhibits night/day variations with a 7-fold increased expression at night. Up-regulation is due to a large degree to the release of norepinephrine from nerve terminals in the pineal gland and cAMP signaling pathway
Induced by osmotic shock and salt stress (PubMed:19930663, PubMed:25238657). Induced by abscisic acid (ABA) (PubMed:19930663, PubMed:25238657, PubMed:26259197). Induced by methyl jasmonate (PubMed:25238657). Induced by infection with the fungal pathogen B.cinerea and the bacterial pathogen P.synrigae pv. tomato (PubMed:19930663, PubMed:26259197)
By ulvan (at protein level)
By growth at 3 degrees Celsius (PubMed:22564273), and 3.5% ethanol (PubMed:22820328)
Regulated by cellular iron levels through binding of the iron regulatory proteins, IRP1 and IRP2, to iron-responsive elements in the 3'-UTR. Up-regulated upon mitogenic stimulation
Induced in macrophages by viral or bacterial infection
By both (-)-camphor and (+)-camphor enantiomers
In leaves by infection with the bacterial pathogen P.syringae
Expression increases two-fold during phagocytosis (at protein level)
Induced by abscisic acid (ABA), and by NaCl and sorbitol in a ABA-dependent manner
Repressed by thiamine and 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole
By PKC
Up-regulated by activated HRAS
Constitutively expressed, increases in stationary phase (at protein level)
By dimethyl sulfoxide and diazepam
By bmp-antagonism
Unlike other OAS1 proteins, not induced by polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C)
Is repressed by light, since the transcript is synthesized in the dark, but upon 20 minutes of illumination, transcript levels fall below detectable limits. This light-repressed transcript is present only in dark-adapted cells. Is rapidly translated at the onset of illumination; in fact, is one of the first proteins to be synthesized upon illumination of dark-adapted cells. Repression of the transcript in the light requires protein synthesis, which suggests that a specific protein is directly involved in lrtA light repression
By FGF-4 and serum
Constitutively expressed at very low levels. Induced in response to overproduction of RapI or treatment with DNA-damaging agent mitomycin C (MMC)
Up-regulated by high dietary Mg(2+) levels
Up-regulated after myocardial infarction
Accumulates at the shoot apex upon the transition from short- to long-day photoperiods leading to flowering and after gibberellins (GAs) treatment (PubMed:11743113). Repressed by microRNA159 (miR159a and miR159b) in vegetative tissues (PubMed:15226253, PubMed:20699403, PubMed:17916625). Specific expression in floral organs and in the shoot apices is regulated via miR159-mediated degradation (PubMed:15722475). Repressed in germinating seeds by miR159-mediated cleavage in an abscisic acid (ABA) and ABI3-dependent manner, probably to desensitize hormone signaling during seedling stress responses (PubMed:17217461, PubMed:18305205). Slightly induced by ethylene and cytokinins (PubMed:9839469)
By N-acetylglucosamine. Induced by low extracellular levels of magnesium via the PhoQ/PhoP two-component regulatory system
Down-regulated by the A class gene AP2 in the first whorl and by ARF3/ETT in gynoecium
By Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) resulting in the stimulation of the EBV EBER genes
Up-regulated by EGF
Expression correlates with fuminisins production (PubMed:11728154). Expression is positively regulated by the fumonisin gene cluster-specific transcription regulator FUM21 (PubMed:17483290)
By bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) (in vivo and in vitro)
Down-regulated by aluminum
Expression is positively regulated by Rv0485
Not induced by cold-shock. Stationary-phase and starvation inducible, as well as by oxidative stress (30 mM H(2)O(2)). Repressed by MqsA and MqsRA toxin-antitoxin system
Up-regulated by brassinolides and nematode infection. Down-regulated by 2-aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), high CO(2), isoxaben, and propiconazole treatments
By ethylene, auxin, glutathione, salicylic acid, copper, paraquat, acetochlor, metolachlor and the pathogens P.syringae and Hyaloperonospora parasitica
Not induced by ToMV infection
More prevalent in stationary than exponential phase (at protein level) (PubMed:16247833, PubMed:21725001). Levels maybe post-transcriptionally decreased by InlH; disruption of inlH in some strains (EGD-e and EGD-2) leads to increased levels of InlA (at protein level) (PubMed:20176794)
Follows a cell-cycle-dependent expression with a maximal induction in the S phase and another induction at the G2/M transition
Down-regulated by H(2)O(2)
Not regulated by nitrate
By auxin under dark condition
Induced during the differentiation of adipocytes
Up-regulated during the early phase of the bone regeneration. Up-regulated by BMP2 during osteoblast differentiation
Not induced by interferon-gamma
Up-regulated in peritoneal macrophages in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
Cotranscribed with sigma-M and yhdL. YhdK and YhdL negatively regulate sigma-M
Azole exposure induced expression 4- to 12-fold via regulation by the transcription factor PDR1 that stimulates gene expression via binding to elements called pleiotropic drug response elements (PDREs) (PubMed:12458010, PubMed:10543759, PubMed:16803598, PubMed:21193550, PubMed:21408004, PubMed:23979762, PubMed:24645630, PubMed:19148266, PubMed:21131438, PubMed:29464833). Expression is highly up-regulated in azole-resistant isolates (PubMed:10543759, PubMed:16735426, PubMed:16891541, PubMed:17158937, PubMed:17581937, PubMed:18591262, PubMed:18782778, PubMed:19380598, PubMed:19196495, PubMed:20038613, PubMed:20450660, PubMed:21134356, PubMed:25818698, PubMed:27486188, PubMed:28894714, PubMed:29371812, PubMed:29784839). Loss of mitochondrial functions leads to increased expression (PubMed:21321146). Expression is temporary increased during the intermediate phase of biofilm development (PubMed:18651314). Expression is down-regulated by the transcription factor STB5 (PubMed:23229483). Expression is negatively regulated by the transcription factor JJJ1 via inactivation of the PDR1 transcriptional pathway (PubMed:29507891). Expression is also decreased by amphotericin B in voriconazole-resistant strains (PubMed:21282443)
Rapidly and transiently induced by maximal electroconvulsive seizure in the hippocampal granule cells, and modestly induced in the pyramidal cells. Also induced by cAMP
Interaction with actin is suppressed by PIP2
By serum treatment
Induced by wounding and infection with the fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea
By stressful conditions such as bacterial infection, heat shock, mechanical pressure, dehydration, feeding with oxidative agents such as paraquat or exposure to ultraviolet light
Up-regulated in sciatic nerve during myelination. Up-regulated in differentiating cultured Schwann cells
By IFNG/IFN-gamma in monocytic cell lines
By glucose and sucrose (PubMed:22561114). Induced by drought stress (PubMed:22561114)
By several proteins including Spo0A, Spo0H, Sin, AbrB, DegS, DegU, ComA, ComB and ComK
Down-regulated by SPT and by A class genes AP2 and LUG in the outer whorl. In the third whorl, B class genes AP3 and PI, and the C class gene AG act redundantly with each other and in combination with SEP1, SEP2, SEP3, SHP1 and SHP2 to activate CRC in nectaries and carpels. LFY enhances its expression
Preferentially expressed in yeast cells, the host parasitic phase. Induced during mycelium to yeast transition and negatively regulated during the yeast to mycelium transition
Part of the arfA-arfB-arfC operon. Maximal expression of ArfA requires the full operon
Transcription is greater during growth of the yeast form as compared to the mycelial form and up-regulated by micafungin treatment
By competence, expression activated by ComK (PubMed:11948146). By DNA damage
Expression is negatively regulated by VEL1 (PubMed:25080135)
In the brain, by electrical or chemical seizures (at protein level)
(Microbial infection) In fibroblasts by binding of HSV1
Translation of the mRNA is repressed by a stem-loop in the first 150 nucleotides of its own transcript (PubMed:1569581). Part of the rpsP-rimM-trmD-rplS operon (PubMed:6357787, PubMed:1569581)
Markedly increased by light
The expression is positively regulated by the 2 cluster-specific transcription factors hepR and hepS
Low induction by sucrose after 24 hours. Down-regulated by dark incubation
Up-regulated in response to zinc ion contamination, but not in response to mixed metal ion contamination (cadmium, copper, lead and zinc)
Down-regulated in liposarcoma (PubMed:27460081). Down-regulated in macrophages of patients with adipose tissue inflammation and type-2 diabetes (PubMed:27270589)
Up-regulated by TP53 after DNA damage (PubMed:20599942). Up-regulated by genotoxic stress (PubMed:20878061)
By IL-22 in normal and psoriasis-like skin
Expression increases significantly during initiation of conidiation and remains elevated until colourisation is stabilized (PubMed:29958281). Expression is positively regulated by BrlA (PubMed:29958281)
Down-regulated by drought (PubMed:19901554). Down-regulated by virulent or avirulent pathogen infection (PubMed:24755512)
Expression is repressed by ammonia (PubMed:2194797). Expression is induced by polyamines (PubMed:15707981). Both GLN3 and NIL1 bind the 5'-GATAAG-3' motif within the GAP1 promoter to activate transcription (PubMed:8636059)
Constitutively expressed with a small induction when both glutamate and lysine are missing
Up-regulated by salt and abscisic acid treatment
Induced when the bacterium is cultured on xylan or beta-glucan but not on medium containing mannan. Is repressed by glucose. Transcription of xyn11B occurs later than transcription of xyn11A. Is expressed at maximum level in mid-log phase, and its transcription persists into the late exponential and early stationary phases
Induced under carbon limitation but not under phosphate limitation
Down-regulated by glucocorticoid
Up-regulated by glucocorticoid
Subject to nitrogen catabolite repression
By salt or drought stress and pathogen
Total levels of RseA decrease after detergent or vancomycin treatment of whole cells (at protein level)
Up-regulated by kainic acid (PubMed:9454838). Up-regulated in the pyramidal cell layer of CA1 in the hippocampus by global ischemia (PubMed:25108103, PubMed:22371606, PubMed:12657670). Down-regulated in the hippocampus by maternal deprivation (PubMed:22960932)
Expression is cell cycle-regulated, with a low in G1/S, an increase during G2 and M. Expression decreases again after M phase
Expression is up-regulated during banana leaves infection
Induced in the hippocampus, by seizure and synaptic mechanisms in association with long-term potentiation (LTP). It is also induced in the striatum by drugs that alter dopamine signaling
By KCl in roots and leaves
Greatly increased in liver and brain, in response to Zn(2+) deficiency (at protein level)
Repressed by nitrogen
The antisense RNA ratA acts as an antitoxin by annealing to the mRNA of txpA and causing its degradation, protecting the cell from TxpA by blocking the production of the toxin. A type I toxin-antitoxin (TA) system, where expression of the proteinaceous toxin is controlled by an antisense sRNA
Up-regulated by thyroid hormone T3 (PubMed:19179482)
Induced by anti-inflammatory mediators such as glucocorticoids and IL10; suppressed by IL4
Expressed in broth-grown cultures and after 18 hours of M.tuberculosis growth in cultured human primary macrophages, but not after longer periods of macrophage infection (PubMed:11914351). Positively autoregulated (PubMed:11914351)
Is 3.5-fold up-regulated in vivo in intestinal environment compared to the level for in vitro cultures
By salicylic acid (PubMed:11449049). Induced by heat stress (PubMed:21336597)
Expression is either up-regulated or down-regulated upon activation of the lymphoid tissues and this regulation may depend on the presence of IL10/interleukin-10 or IL13/interleukin-13
Induced by camphor and repressed by CamR
Induced by gamma-irradiation and by heavy ion irradiation (PubMed:17227544, PubMed:22683605). Induced by the genotoxic formaldehyde (FA) (PubMed:20399886). Accumulates in aerial part of low-energy-ion irradiated dormant plant seeds, thus revealing an abscopal mutagenic effect (PubMed:21557702)
Expressed only in the forespore compartment of sporulating cells. Expression is sigma G-dependent
Cell cycle regulated, with a peak in mid to late S phase
By UV treatment. Not induced by jasmonic acid
Under heat shock conditions, up-regulated in early larvae and then expression levels appear to return to normal during the L2/L3 and pupal stages. In second instar larvae, down-regulated 1 hr after starvation and then remains low until at least 4 hr after nutritional starvation
Expression is induced by plant roots
By methyl jasmonate, a plant defense-related signaling molecule
Induced by potassium starvation in roots. Down-regulated by sodium, potassium, rubidium, lithium and cesium
Up-regulated in hearts exposed to isoproterenol (at protein level)
Repressed by MEA in seeds, and by PKL after germination
Regulated by light
Intestinal expression is induced by IFNG
Expression is decreased in a time-dependent manner after UVC exposure
Expression is very low in excess nitrogen (glutamate plus ammonia) and is induced during limiting-nitrogen conditions (glutamate). Expression is further induced when allantoin is added during limiting-nitrogen conditions
Expressed in high osmolarity conditions (at protein level)
By ethylene and the bacterial pathogen P.syringae
Expressed in growing cells (at protein level). A member of the dormancy regulon. Induced in response to reduced oxygen tension (hypoxia), low levels of nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO). It is hoped that this regulon will give insight into the latent, or dormant phase of infection
By senescence, wounding, jasmonic acid (JA), ethylene and salicylic acid (SA)
Expression increases in lungs following short-term hypoxia (PubMed:27742621). Expression increases in kidney podocytes in response to elevated free fatty acids (PubMed:25835637). Expression in vasculature, including arteries, increases in normal aging (PubMed:32679764, PubMed:29042481). Expression increases in adipose tissue in diet-induced obesity (PubMed:23757408)
Transcribed at very low levels under several growth conditions; in this paper protein was never detected (PubMed:17071623). Carboxysome size and components vary with growth conditions. When grown in ambient air at medium light (50 uE meter(-2) second(-1)) there are 40 units of this protein per carboxysome, which remain constant under all conditions tested (at protein level) (PubMed:31048338)
By auxin, rain-, wind-, and touch (thigmomorphogenesis) and during darkness conditions
Up-regulated during osteoblast differentiation (in vitro). Up-regulated in cartilage from mice with osteoarthritis
Up-regulated by iron deficiency and down-regulated by iron. Not induced by anaerobic conditions
Induced by genotoxins such as ultraviolet-C radiation (UV-C), and ZEO and MMC treatments
Up-regulated in anti-Thy1 glomerulonephritis
Cell cycle-regulated. Expression peaks in late G1 and during the morphological transition
By wounding, P.syringae, bacterial elicitor and the fungal pathogens F.oxysporum and A.raphani
Up-regulated by nitrate
Accumulates in leaf blades but fades out from stems in response to cold stress (PubMed:12631331). Rapid but transient induction in leaf blades in response to inomycin, an ionophore of Ca(2+), suggesting a transient Ca(2+) influx (PubMed:12631331)
Positively regulated by the cAMP-CRP complex
Up-regulated during chondrocyte differentiation
Regulated by GATA18/HAN
By salt stress (PubMed:18839316). Induced by heat stress (PubMed:19125253)
Accumulates by 2 hours post-innoculation and into stationary phase in rich media
By salicylic acid and by laminarin oligosaccharides
Nucleotide sequences for binding catabolite repression protein CREA were detected in the promoter region
After intracranial injury, expression peaks at 4 days post-injury and slightly declines at 7 days post-injury
Induced by GTPase Obg expression, which requires alarmone (p)ppGpp
Thyroid hormones up-regulate expression during hindleg muscle development and down-regulate during cardiac muscle development. Decrease in ENO3 levels with aortic stenosis
Expression is induced upon starvation, through the action of transcription factors GCN2 and GCN4
Up-regulated by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, PAO1 strain and PA14 strain infection
By AKAP12 and histone deacetylase inhibitors such as sodium butyrate
By fertilization
Induced in the presence of lactose or sophorose
Not induced by abscisic acid, jasmonic acid and wounding
Induced by low levels of proline and by osmotic shock. The leader of mgtA mRNA functions as a riboswitch, favoring transcription under low Mg(2+) conditions. Under limiting proline levels the MgtL peptide encoded within the mgtA leader cannot be translated, thereby favoring the transcription of the mgtA ORF. Induction by osmotic shock also depends on translational regulation by MgtL (Probable). Induced by low extracellular levels of Mg(2+) via the PhoQ/PhoP two-component regulatory system
Expressed at constant, high levels during exponential growth and during stationary phase
enriched in cerebrospinal fluid of multiple sclerosis patients (at protein level)
Down-regulated by theophylline (THP) and up-regulated by 1,3-dinitrobenzene (DNB), two reprotoxic agents thought to induce infertility
Induced by low intracellular sterol levels (PubMed:8754796). Also highly induced by cold conditions (PubMed:12039763)
Autoregulated (PubMed:18567656). Up-regulated by hypochlorous acid (HOCl), the active component of household bleach (PubMed:23536188)
Rat catheter biofilm repressed
By interleukin-1 alpha in nasal cartilage
By bacterial infection (at protein level) (PubMed:9736738, PubMed:29920489). Detected within 24 hours of infection (PubMed:9736738)
Before puberty, highly expressed in liver from males and females. After puberty, expression is considerably higher in liver from females compared to males. Up-regulated in males by continuous exposure to growth hormone
Accumulation is enhanced two-fold by light, but is unaffected by the presence of cercosporin, a photosensitizer synthesized by C.nicotianae
In liver, expression is increased upon high fat diet
By salicylate. Part of the Rv0560c-Rv0559c operon. Operon induction is slow but is maintained for at least 2 weeks in aerobic culture in the presence of salicylate
Repressed by sucrose and gibberellic acid (GA) (PubMed:12172034). Induced by cold stress in roots and shoots. Induced by salt stress in shoots. Down-regulated by abscisic aci (ABA) in shoots (PubMed:20130099)
Expression is positively regulated by the developmental and secondary metabolism regulator veA (PubMed:15294809). Expression is repressed during Streptomyces-Aspergillus interactions (PubMed:25741015)
Accumulates in response to brassinosteroids (BR) treatment (PubMed:22956280, PubMed:22544867). Induced by darkness in roots (PubMed:22544867)
Transcribed at low levels in vegetative cells (PubMed:11274121). Under control of HetR (PubMed:15051891). Transcription and translation rises 3-fold by 6 hours after heterocyst induction by nitrogen reduction (before proheterocysts can be identified), descends to preinduction levels by 27 hours (at protein level) (PubMed:9794762, PubMed:11274121)
Rapidly induced by a shift to glucose-containing medium
Up-regulated in diabetic kidney (at protein level)
Induced by salicylic acid (SA), mainly in roots
Induced by arsenate [As(V)], arsenite [As(III)], and antimonite [Sb(III)]
Expression is up-regulated and increases progressively with hyphal development. Expression is inhibited by 2-dodecanol and decreased by allicin and fluconazole
Repressed by glucose, probably via the carbon catabolite repressor protein CreA
Increased during osteoblast differentiation
Expression is highly induced by xylan
Up-regulated during breast cancer progression
By cold, especially after vernalization and transfer to warm temperatures (e.g. 40 days at 4 degrees Celsius followed by 14 days at 22 degrees Celsius)
Accumulates during cold acclimation, but down-regulated by dehydration and salt stresses
By salicylate and at higher concentrations by para-aminosalicylate (PAS) (at protein level)
Down-regulated by salt treatment. Not induced by hypoxia
By high light and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) (PubMed:16649111, PubMed:17059409, PubMed:17085506, PubMed:30778176). Up-regulated by heat stress (at 30 degrees Celsius) and remains up-regulated transgenerationally in the unstressed progeny (at 22 degrees Celsius) via heat-induced REF6-dependent depletion of H3K27me3 marks within its coding regions (PubMed:16649111, PubMed:17059409, PubMed:17085506, PubMed:30778176)
Part of the Rv1954A-higB1-higA1-Rv1957 operon, which is autorepressed by HigA1 (PubMed:20585061)
Up-regulated by 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen
Induced by mitomycin C (MMC) and UV, and this requires RecA. Also induced by hydrogen prexoxide
Strongly induced by light
Up-regulated in animals on a high-fat diet compared to a regular diet
Expression is under the control of the iron acquisition regulator hapX (PubMed:26960149)
Down-regulated by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA), with 5-fold decrease in expression levels at 1 hour after TPA treatment, 12-fold decrease at 4 hours, undetectable levels after 8 hours and low-level expression returning at 24 hours after treatment. Down-regulated by serum stimulation, with expression levels reaching their minimum at 4 hours after stimulation and returning back to normal levels at 16 hours after stimulation
In the root, up-regulated by red light
Specifically up-regulated in leukemic clones with F-MuLV insertions up-stream of the FLI-1 locus
Induced by abscisic acid (ABA) and salt stress
Up-regulated by thyroid hormone (at protein level)
By Heat shock in a HSF1-dependent manner
By high light, copper, hydrogen peroxide, methyl viologen and cis-jasmone, but not methyl jasmonate
Overexpressed in brain tumors
By amyloid beta peptide
Activated by the CLOCK-BMAL1 heterodimer and DBP and repressed by CRY1
Up-regulated by L-ascorbate and repressed by glucose
Expressed at the early exponential growth phase, decreases through exponential phase and reaches a steady-state level at post-exponential phase. Activated by TcaR
By heat shock, by infection with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), human adenovirus 5, M.tuberculosis and diarrheagenic E.coli, and by exposure to DNA damaging conditions such as high doses of ionizing radiation, chromatin-modifying treatments and inhibitors of DNA replication. The HCMV UL142 protein causes down-regulation of the full-length protein but not of the truncated MICA*008 allele
By nitrogen deprivation, sucrose, glucose and fructose. Down-regulated by ammonium supply. Induced during leaf senescence
By SOS response. A member of the dinB-yafNOP operon
By DNA damage in a p53-dependent manner, and by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in PC12 cells
Primary response to 20-hydroxyecdysone in third instar larval imaginal disks
By low temperature, dehydration, cytokinins (BA and zeatin), nitrate and high salinity
Not regulated by cytokinin, auxin or nitrate
Induced by amino acid starvation, glucose starvation and when translation is blocked. Induction is decreased in the absence of the Lon protease suggesting, by homology to other toxin-antitoxin systems, that Lon may degrade the MqsA antitoxin. Transcription is activated by MqsA (PubMed:20105222). It has been suggested that MqsA represses its own operon (PubMed:19690171). Not more induced in persister cells (PubMed:16768798). A member of the mqsRA operon. This operon induced by ectopic expression of toxins RelE, HicA and YafQ but not by MazF or HicA (PubMed:23432955)
Down-regulated by wounding, abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA)
Up-regulated by cysteine, nitic oxide, and in response to neutrophil phagocytosis. Expression is under the control of GCN2, GCN4 and ZCF2
Constitutive expression. Not induced by senescence, wounding, application of ethephon or infection with virus
Strongly induced by arachidonic acid
Induced by sucrose, wounding, oxidative stress, salicylic acid, and during hypersensitive response to TMV infection (PubMed:12374307). Up-regulated by wounding and reactive oxygen species. Not regulated by methyl jasmonate
Various environmental stress conditions, e.g. oxidative stress (exposure to air or H(2)O(2)) and other stress factors such as salt, increased pH, high concentration of solvents or cold shock, do not lead to increased transcript levels of this gene. Is not repressed by PerR
Activated by FHY3/FAR1 under far-red light (FR); HY5 prevents this activation (PubMed:21097709, PubMed:18033885, PubMed:16045472). Down-regulated by FR, red (R) and blue (B) lights (PubMed:18033885, PubMed:16045472)
Induced by D-xylose, dependent on the cellulase and xylanase regulator xyr1. Repressed by glucose through negative regulation by the crabon catabolite repressor cre1
Mainly expressed in dividing cells, but not in stationary phase cells (at protein level)
In neurons, expression increases during the first 24h in presence of Amyloid-beta protein 42 to decrease after 96h
Down-regulated by cortisol, dexamethasone and betamethasone. Down-regulated in colon cancer. Up-regulated by TGFB1
Positively regulated in response to cell wall perturbation
Up-regulated in liver and small intestine by cholesterol feeding (PubMed:11099417). Possibly mediated by the liver X receptor/retinoic X receptor (LXR/RXR) pathway. Endotoxin (LPS) significantly decreased mRNA levels in the liver but not in the small intestine (PubMed:12777468)
Up-regulated in Leishmania Viannia (L.V.) panamensis-infected macrophages exposed to miltefosine (PubMed:26903515). Down-regulated by L. V. panamensis infection (PubMed:26903515)
Induced by infection with the Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV)
(Microbial infection) Specifically down-regulated by Heterodera schachtii (cyst nematodes) in nematode-induced syncytia
Up-regulated following injection with the Gram-negative bacterium E.coli. Up-regulation increases between 1 and 6 hours after the injection, then expression remains at a relatively steady level until 72 hours when it is strongly up-regulated
Constitutively expressed during exponential growth. Encoded in an operon with ydiR and ydjA
Expression is increased in the presence of fluconazole and decreased in the presence of lovastatin
Strongly expressed during growth on L-arabinose
Induced by drought stress, salt stress and cold stress (PubMed:16924117, PubMed:20632034). Induced by abscisic acid (ABA) (PubMed:16924117). Induced by methyl jasmonate (PubMed:20632034)
Over-expressed in breast, bladder, melanoma and thyroid cancer cell lines and tumors (at protein level)
Ty1-LR3 is a highly expressed element. Induced under amino acid starvation conditions by GCN4
Up-regulated in response to a variety of stress factors
By irradiation and dexamethasone (in thymocytes)
Transcription is controlled by CysB (PubMed:26350134, PubMed:27481704, PubMed:28533366). Highly expressed in sulfate medium and repressed in cystine medium (PubMed:26350134)
By lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and inflammation; in lung
Up-regulated by T-cell receptor stimulation
By UVC irradiation in quiescent primary fibroblasts. By mitomycin C in human melanoma MeWO cells
Constitutively expressed (PubMed:19121005). Repressed in minimal glycerol medium, at low oxygen, induced by H(2)O(2), the thiol reductant diamide, at 45 degrees Celsius and at pH 5.5 (PubMed:19734316) (at protein level). Transcription is repressed by CRP
Up-regulated under amino acid starvation conditions and at late stages during sexual development (PubMed:19351563)
Up-regulated by TGFB1 signaling
Down-regulated in an insulin-resistant, and high-fat diet state
Expression is down-regulated in the presence of ochratoxin A-inducing carbon sources such as sucrose, glucose and arabinose
Cell cycle regulated at the transcript and protein levels. mRNA levels peak in predivisional cells
Expression is negatively autoregulated at the translational level via an RNase III-dependent mechanism. Induced by cold shock (42 to 15 degrees Celsius) (at protein level) (PubMed:8898389). At low temperature, the destabilizing effect of PNPase on its own mRNA is less efficient, leading to a decrease in repression and an increase in the expression level
By water deficit, by abscisic acid (ABA), by cold and salt stress
By inositol. Subjected to catabolite repression
Induced by histidine starvation in a GCN4-dependent manner
Expression is positively regulated by the developmental and secondary metabolism regulator veA (PubMed:15294809). Expression is repressed during Streptomyces-Aspergillus interactions (PubMed:25741015). Expression is also repressed by curcumin (PubMed:23113196)
Expression is up-regulated during nitrogen starvation or at alkaline pH, conditions highly conducive to elsinochrome accumulation
Activated by actinomycin-D induced DNA damage
Activated by the VraSR two-component system
Maximally induced 30 minutes under zinc-limiting conditions, still induced in stationary phase
In contrast to major H3, constitutively expressed in both growing and non-growing, starved cells
Up-regulated in roots by salt, osmotic and cold stresses
Up-regulated upon differentiation of monocytes towards immature dendritic cells (DC). Down-regulated upon DC maturation. Up-regulated by endoplasmic reticulum stress triggered by thapsigargin (Tg) or tunicamycin (Tm). Up-regulated by CCR1-dependent chemokines in an immediate early response and biphasic manner and by NF-kappa-B
Transcriptionally regulated by SpoVT and sigma-G factor
Down-regulated after cadmium-intoxication and sodium or bicarbonate loading (at protein level). Down-regulated by HCO3[-] loading
Induced by its substrate heme, CdCl2, sodium arsenite and 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (PubMed:3409220, PubMed:8288554). It is also induced in macrophages, liver and the lungs upon infection with M.tuberculosis (at protein level). Data is conflicting as to whether macrophage induction is independent of the nitric oxide (NO) signaling pathway (PubMed:18400743), or dependent on NO (PubMed:18474359)
By MYC. Direct transcriptional target of MYC
Induced by 2,4-D, but repressed by cycloheximide (CHX)
Pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF, IL1B and IFNG up-regulate membrane bound HLA-E expression on endothelial and NK cells and induce the release of soluble HLA-E (sHLA-E) in the extracellular compartment
Induced by RpoS, but not in response to multiple stress conditions
Induced after vascular injury and by growth factors. Decreased levels with INF-gamma
Expression is induced during the transition from exponential to stationary phase
Expressed at low level
Expression is under the positive control of the biofilm regulator BCR1, RLM1, TOR1 and TPK2; and under the negative control of SFL1. Induced during germ tube formation. Highly expressed in oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC), a biofilm-like infection of the oral mucosa. Induced in the initial stages of biofilm formation. Down-regulated by human serum, as well as by bacterial quorum sensing quencher thiazolidinedione-8, pterostilbene, lipopeptides biosurfactant produced by B.amyloliquefaciens, and Riccardin D, a macrocyclic bisbibenzyl isolated from Chinese liverwort D.hirsute, which has an inhibitory effect on biofilms and virulence
Induced by the bile acids receptor NR1H4 that binds and activates a NR1H4-responsive element within intron 2
By single-strand DNA damage
By LPS in polymorphonuclear cells, monocytes/macrophages and total lymphocytes, but not in T-lymphocytes (in vitro). By E.coli intramammary injection in peripheral blood leukocytes
Induced by the branchless FGF pathway in migrating tracheal cells, resulting of the switch from the intersegmental to the segmental nerve
Part of the cadB-cadA operon, which is under the control of the Pcad promoter (PubMed:16491024). Expression is regulated by CadC (PubMed:1370290, PubMed:8808945, PubMed:16491024). Induction occurs under conditions of low pH with excess lysine and anaerobiosis (PubMed:1370290, PubMed:8808945, PubMed:16491024). The global regulator Lrp has also a positive effect on the expression of the cadBA operon when cells are exposed to moderate acidic stress in the presence of lysine (PubMed:21441513). Repressed by H-NS under non-inducing conditions (PubMed:16491024)
Up-regulated slowly by nitrate. Down-regulated by cadmium and high pH. Circadian-regulation. Expression increase during the dark phase and decrease during the light phase
Transcription is activated by c-GvpE (PubMed:9642059). Poorly expressed at mid-log phase (PubMed:3185512). In 'wild-type' cells (probably NRC-1/NRL) gas vesicles are seen at all stages of growth; in standing cultures, cells float. In this study gvpA2 (c-vac) was not detectably transcribed, presumably most to all gas vesicles are derived from the p-vac locus. If the p-vac locus is deleted gvpA2 is transcribed in late log phase and rises in stationary phase; gas vesicles appear during early stationary phase, but fewer vesicles are detected (PubMed:2586485). In PHH4 (a deletion of the p-vac locus) detected starting in late exponential phase, expressed during stationary phase (at protein level). Not transcribed in exponential phase, highly transcribed from stationary to mid-stationary phase. Small amounts of longer transcripts that probably include gvpC-gvpN-gvpO and further downstream are also seen (PubMed:8763925). Gas vesicles appear earlier when grown in static culture, possibly due to O(2)-limitation (PubMed:33711860)
By hypoosmolarity (PubMed:15047879, PubMed:16810321). Accumulates during dark-induced starvation (PubMed:21278122)
Up regulated by iron deficiency in roots and leaves, as well as by nickel, high zinc or high copper treatments. Repressed by high iron, low copper and low zinc treatments
Repressed by 2-methylhydroquinone (2-MHQ), diamide and catechol stress
Up-regulated by synaptic activity
Levels increase linearly with increasing light intensities and correlate with the degree of photoinactivation and photodamage of PSII reaction centers (at protein level). Induced by high-intensity light, at both cold and warm temperatures (e.g. 4 and 22 degrees Celsius) (at protein level); quickly and transiently induced during deetiolation, and accumulates in green seedlings following increases in light intensity. Induced by UV-A, red, far-red and blue lights illumination in a phytochrome A and phytochrome B-dependent manner; this induction is promoted by HY5. The COP9 signalosome is involved in dark-mediated repression. Accumulates upon heat shock. Transcript levels follow a circadian cycle, with highest levels 2 h after light, without protein accumulation. In light stress-preadapted or senescent leaves exposed to light stress there is a lack of correlation between transcript and protein accumulation; transcripts accumulate in red and yellow leaves exposed to high light, but not proteins
Expressed in response to pathogen infection (e.g. Pseudomonas syringae) at the vicinity of the hypersensitive lesions
Is repressed by the transcriptional regulator CtsR. Forms part of an operon with ctsR, mcsB and clpC
Targeted by PQT3 to degradation via 26S proteasome. Induced by proteasome inhibitor MG132 treatment (at protein level)
Low level expression in exponential phase it increases about 8-fold by late stationary phase. Induced by heat (45 degrees Celsius) osmotic and oxidative stress, nutrient starvation, tetracycline, and bile salts
By the phytohormone methyl jasmonate (MeJA), defense elicitors (INF1 elicitin of P.infestans, flagellin of P.syringae and yeast extract), and protein phosphatase inhibitor (cantharidin). Repressed by protein kinase inhibitor (K252a) and cycloheximide
Up-regulated upon transition to the exponential growth phase (at protein level). Not up-regulated at the RNA level
By injection with lipopolysaccharide. Expression is highest at 3 hours post-injection, decreases to basal levels at 12 hours post-injection and is up-regulated again at 24 hours post-injection. In the presence of recombinant ALF, the expression is significantly down-regulated at 3 hours and 6 hours post-injection
In response to loss of mitochondrial DNA in a transcription factor PDR3-dependent manner. Induced in response to altered glycerophospholipid asymmetry of the plasma membrane in a transcription factor PDR1-dependent manner
Expression of MAPK12 is down-regulation by MAPK14 activation
By synaptic activity. Transcript level significantly increased in auditory cortex as well as two higher-associative brain regions by auditory imprinting stimulus in newborn chicks
Up-regulated by calcium ions in differentiating keratinocytes
By cadmium (Cd). Not induced under sulfur-deficient conditions
Undergoes phase variation
Up-regulated in pancreatic islets of individuals with type 2 diabetes
Expression is probably sigma F-dependent
Up-regulated by all-trans retinoic acid
Expressed during infection of macrophages. Down-regulated by the nucleoid-associated protein Lsr2
Expression is regulated by the CovR-CovS two-component regulatory system
Expressed during exponential growth and sporulation. A member of the spoIISA-spoIISB operon, it also has its own promoter
Present in exponentially growing cells (at protein level)
By salinity and drought stresses
Repressed by RghR
Induced by etoposide and hydroxy urea in neural stem cells
Induced at the onset of sporulation, shuts off at T3. May be under the control of Spo0A
Induced by transcription factor YRM1
Down-regulated in response to UV-damage followed by an increase in transcription back to basal level. Shows slight increase in transcription following cisplatin treatment
Induced by pectin or pectin derivatives. Controlled by KdgR, ExuR, PecS and catabolite repression via CRP
By estrogen; in male liver
Repressed by glucose, and induced by pectin and arabinan
In stationary phase, induced at 45 degrees Celsius (at protein level)
By UV light treatment
By sodium and magnesium chloride
Down-regulated during adipocyte differentiation and up-regulated during cellular transformation
Negatively controlled by CcpA, a global regulator of carbon catabolite repression
Up-regulated in PPAR gamma 1-induced adipogenic liver
Expression is enhanced by the global regulator MvaT, which binds to the ptxR-ptxS intergenic region (PubMed:15528665). Negatively autoregulates its own synthesis by binding to a specific operator site within the ptxS upstream region (PubMed:10438759, PubMed:10894751, PubMed:22844393)
Expressed in a circadian manner in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the brain with a peak seen at ZT8
By infection with the parasite H.polygyrus
By sucrose and glucose
By L-arabinose, D-galactose, D-fucose in the presence of GbpR (galactose-binding protein regulator)
Expression is strongly increased by imazalil (PubMed:9180695). Expression is also strongly increased in the presence of hygromycin and 4-nitroquinoline oxide (4-NQO) (PubMed:11872487). Curiously, expression is repressed in the presence of camptothecin, imazalil and itraconazole (PubMed:11872487)
Down-regulated by gonadotropin suppression sufficient to cause marked suppression of spermatogenesis and additionally progestogen treatment
Up-regulated by ultraviolet (UV) light (at protein level)
Up-regulated by the PhoP/PhoR two-component system (PubMed:16573683). Expressed in response to phagocytosis by human macrophages (PubMed:10500215)
Induced by hypoxia (PubMed:18231589). Expression induced in both active and resting C57BL/6 mouse macrophages (PubMed:20628579). Induced in persister cells (PubMed:21673191). Induced by streptomycin treatment and by starvation (PubMed:28724903). Induced by starvation stress; probably part of the mbcT-mbcA operon (PubMed:30792174)
Expressed under the control of the late mother cell-specific sigma factor sigma-K
Expression is sigma B-dependent
Expression is induced in a dose-dependent manner in response to high concentrations of copper and basal transcription is repressed in the presence of the copper chelator bathocuproin sulphonate (BCS) (PubMed:21819456). Expression is regulated by the CUF1 copper-dependent transcription factor (PubMed:21819456). Highly induced during mice pulmonary infection (PubMed:23498952)
Glucagon release is stimulated by hypoglycemia and inhibited by hyperglycemia, insulin, and somatostatin. GLP-1 and GLP-2 are induced in response to nutrient ingestion
By UV irradiation. By ATF3 in response to UV-stress
By cytokinins, and to a lower extent by auxin
Induced by oxidative stress conditions
Expression is fairly constant throughout the growth phases of haploid cells and similar mRNA levels were found in vegetative diploid cells
Accumulates in response to sirtinol (a small molecule that activates many auxin-inducible genes and responses) and auxin (PubMed:12893885, PubMed:16006581). Expressed in the dark (PubMed:16412086). PIF4-dependent regulation by temperature (PubMed:31127632). In low thermo-responsive cultivars (e.g. Col-0), higher expression at 28 degrees Celsius than at 22 degrees Celsius in petioles but not in leaf blades (PubMed:31127632). In high thermo-responsive cultivars (e.g. cv. Alst-1 and cv. Ang-0) higher expression at 28 degrees Celsius than at 22 degrees Celsius in both petioles and leaf blades (PubMed:31127632)
Heterodimer of NR1H4 and RXR activated by farnesol
Expression is increased in biofilm
Up-regulated by salt and osmotic stress
Induced transiently by auxin (IAA) (PubMed:31862580). Accumulates during dehydration recovery, wounding and treatment with putrescine (Put) and jasmonic acid (MeJA) (PubMed:31862580). Repressed by abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA) (PubMed:31862580)
Not induced by tunicamycin
High local and systemic induction by wounding
Down-regulated during cellular senescence
By ethanol stress. Expression is sigma B-dependent
By the antifungal drug fluconazole
Down-regulated in small intestine upon fasting
Up-regulated during pre-adipocyte differentiation. Up-regulated following DNA damage induced by UV irradiation
(Microbial infection) May be down-regulated by Human cytomegalovirus/HHV-5
(Microbial infection) May be down-regulated by HIV-1 tat
Up-regulated during keratinocyte differentiation. Not expressed at the beginning or day 3 after differentiation, detected on day 6 and increases by day 9
By TNF and by IFNG/IFN-gamma in keratinocytes. By Aspergillus fumigatus conidia in peripheral blood mnonocytes; involves CLEC7A and SYK
Repressed by the transcriptional repressor Rv2887 (PubMed:27432954). Induced by salicylate, during iron deprivation (at RNA level), by anaerobiosis and by superoxide generating naphthoquinones such as menadione and plumbagin and by pro-oxidant phenoxyisobutyrates (fibrates) such as gemfibrozil (at protein level). Part of the Rv0560c-Rv0559c operon. Operon induction is slow but is maintained for at least 2 weeks in aerobic culture in the presence of salicylate (PubMed:15528667, PubMed:15644891, PubMed:16175359, PubMed:22485172)
By wounding and insect attack
By oleate, through the binding of the OAF1-PIP2 transcriptional activator complex to its promoter ORE element. Expression is also induced during ammonia pulses in yeast colonies, at the beginning of detectable ammonia production
Up-regulated by abscisic acid, cold and drought treatments, but not by high salt
Induced seven- to eightfold by cold shock. Induction is mainly a result of the stabilization of the rnr transcripts. Also induced at stationary phase
By epoxides and by antioxidants
Down-regulated by brassinolide (BL) in ebisu dwarf (d2) mutant
By salt, drought stress, abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA) and methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) treatment
Expression is low in quiescent cells and is induced in exponentially proliferating cultures. Expression is also induced when prolactin is added to stationary cells. Induced by dietary differentiating agents such as butyrate, vitamin D3, and retinoic acid
Completely inhibited by DIDS. Modest but significant inhibition by phloretin or furosemide
Increases a few-fold upon upshift to 42 degrees Celsius
Up-regulated by white, red, far-red and blue light
Expression is induced in biofilm and repressed by fluconazole. Expression is also regulated by SS1
Part of the arfA-arfB-arfC operon
Transiently down-regulated by heat stress (PubMed:23087326). Down-regulated by salt stress, osmotic shock, treatment with lithium or abscisic acid (ABA), and low or high pH (PubMed:23874224)
Expression is induced ba retinoic acid (PubMed:19398580). Down-regulated by aging (PubMed:26463675). Induced by pulsatile shear stress (PubMed:28167758)
Highly expressed on medium lacking a nitrogen, carbon or sulfur source
Expression is significantly repressed when the pH changes from pH 5.0 to 3.0
In isolated central nervous system neurons, up-regulated or down-regulated in the cerebral, parietal, pleural and pedal ganglia in response to different stimuli. Up-regulated in response to noxious input such as injury, as well as by the application of neurotransmitters and second messengers such as serotonin that are known to be involved in withdrawal behavior. Also up-regulated by thapsigargin which increases the intracellular free calcium concentration. Down-regulated by a decrease in synaptic activity in the nervous system induced by increased Mg(2+) concentration
Expressed with a circadian rhythm with the highest level 10 hours into the light and the lowest level at dawn. The peak of expression in long days is slightly lower, shifted later and the decrease is slower
Strongly down-regulated in the initial phase after sciatic nerve injury
By hydrogen peroxide and nutrional stress (such as low glucose) (PubMed:30267671). Up-regulated during lymphocyte activation (PubMed:15177553)
Induced during anaerobic growth and by cold shock and glucose
By treatment with tunicamycin. Overproduced in fl2, defective endosperm-b30, and mucronate mutants
Up-regulated by TGFB1 and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in activated AHR T-cells
Up-regulated during cell differentiation
By air pollution
Up-regulated by Fe(3+) levels in oxygen-limiting conditions
Down-regulated by sugar
Induced by exposure to nano-polystyrene particles
By 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and phosphate deprivation
By salt stress and hydrogen peroxide (PubMed:21213008). Induced by methylglyoxal (PubMed:24661284)
Induced by wounding in the flowering stem
Slightly repressed during arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) formation after inoculation with AM fungi (e.g. Glomus intraradices)
Up-regulated by REV (PubMed:22781836)
Up-regulated under nitrogen starvation conditions. Expression is sigma-54-dependent (PubMed:12617754). Up-regulated by putrescine; this gene expression regulation is controlled by at least two sigma factors: rpoS under excess nitrogen conditions and rpoN under nitrogen-starvation conditions (PubMed:24906570)
Expression is induced during infection of reconstituted human oral epithelium. Expression is repressed by HOG1 and regulated by TEC1, EGF1, NTD80, ROB1, BRG1, and SSN6
By IFNB1/IFN-beta. In endothelial cells, by TNF, IL1B/interleukin-1B and by bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), hardly induced in other cells of the vascular wall such as primary smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. By viral infection
By D-lactate. Induced during respiratory adaptation
Accumulates under a salt stress (PubMed:32933187). Reduced levels during cold stress (PubMed:32933187). Seems not influenced by heat, drought and abscisic acid (ABA) (PubMed:32933187)
Induced by acid pH but not by oxalate (PubMed:10960116). Positively regulated by SigO and its coactivator RsoA (PubMed:18573182)
Induced upon ER stress. Repressed by starvation and oxidative stress
Down-regulated by drought and salt stress
Expression is induced by azole antifungals such as prochloraz, tebuconazole or epoxiconazole (PubMed:23442154). Expression is increased in the absence of the C-24(28) sterol reductase ERG4 (PubMed:22947191). Expression is positively regulated by the FgSR transcription factor that targets gene promoters containing 2 conserved CGAA repeat sequences (PubMed:30874562)
Constitutively expressed in all growth phases, part of the MSMEG_1276-phd-doc-MSMEG_1279 operon. Negatively autoregulated by one or both of Phd-Doc
Expression is induced by diacetylchitobiose (GlcNAc2) but not by chitobiose or maltose
Expressed during exponential phase, decreases as cells enter stationary phase at pH 7.0. Expression is inhibited at pH 6.0. Part of the ackA-pta operon
By low temperature
Induced by light when associated with glucose, fructose or sucrose treatment. Induction by glucose is mediated by the transcription factor ABI4
Up-regulated by methylated AdaA in response to the exposure to alkylating agents such as MNNG
Down-regulated in shoots by copper deficiency. Not regulated by iron availability. Light dependent expression
Expression is induced during stationary phase by RpoS
Up-regulated by interferons IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma
In T-cells, up-regulated by activation induced by treatment with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies
Up-regulated by 2,4-D treatment (PubMed:18547395). Induced by iron deficiency, mainly in roots (PubMed:24246380, PubMed:23735511)
Highly expressed during the lag phase, not expressed in later phases
Up-regulated by copper, cadmium, cobalt, nickel and zinc, but not manganese. Copper and cadmium salts afford the strongest metal-dependent induction at about 1,000-fold. Also highly up-regulated under conditions that are believed to be attained in phagosomes of interferon-gamma-activated macrophages, including production of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen intermediates, mild acid (pH 5.5), and cell wall perturbation (PubMed:18724363). Repressed by RicR (PubMed:21166899)
Stimulated by hypoxia; suggesting that it is regulated via the HIF-pathway. Increased expression in brain after global cerebral ischemia
Up-regulated by IL-1 treatment
Locally up-regulated by abscisic acid, wounding and infection with compatible fungus. Down-regulated by gibberellic acid or infection with virulent bacteria. No responses to ethylene or abiotic stresses
Induced by ethylene (ethephon), salt stress and salicylic acid (SA) (PubMed:16203714). Strongly induced by arachidonic acid (PubMed:16203714)
By treatment with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) or cytokines, but not in osteoclasts where they are induced by calcium and PMA (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate)
Following irradiation
By salt, cold, drought, abscisic acid and ethylene treatment
The form A3 is selectively induced by angiotensin II
Expression increases dramatically during the synchronous asexual development (PubMed:18298443). Expression is positively regulated by hsp90 (PubMed:22822234). Expression is controlled by upstream regulators fluG and flbA (PubMed:17030990). Expression is controlled by the histone methyltransferase clrD (PubMed:18849468). Expression is decreased by 2',4'-Dihydroxychalcone (2',4'-DHC) (PubMed:26190922)
Expressed in exponential phase, peaks about 18 hours (PubMed:20023033, PubMed:24020498). Fourth gene in the 4 gene mamXY operon (PubMed:20023033) (Probable)
Up-regulated in lung epithelial cells from asthma patients
Expression is decreased in Caco-2 cells upon PPARD activation
Induced by nitric oxide stress. Repressed under oxidative stress
By gravity stress
By infection with the oomycete H.parasitica (downy mildew) and heat shock
In bone marrow-derived mast cells and basophils, induced by activation of the high affinity immunoglobulin epsilon receptor 1 (Fc epsilon RI)
Up-regulated in differentiating adipocytes (at protein level)
Up-regulated under sulfur-oxidizing conditions (at mRNA level), i.e. when grown on reduced sulfur compounds such as sulfide, thiosulfate or elemental sulfur (PubMed:24648525). TusA is one of the major proteins in A.vinosum cells grown on malate or on reduced sulfur compounds (PubMed:24487535)
PrcR expression is not subject to autoregulation and proline induction
Up-regulated by activated KRAS
Induced by osmotic stress (mannitol), abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonate (JA), cytokinin (BPA) and brassinosteroid
In liver with hepatic adiposis caused by PPAR gamma 1 overexpression (PubMed:15589683). Up-regulated during adipogenesis (PubMed:30901948)
Down-regulated by cadmium (PubMed:16797112). Induced by glucose and sucrose (PubMed:22561114). Induced by drought stress (PubMed:22561114)
Up-regulated by salt stress and abscisic acid
In response to salt and related osmotic stresses
Down-regulated by the PML-RARA oncogene, a fusion protein expressed in a vast majority of acute promyelocytic leukemia. Up-regulated by retinoic acid or arsenic trioxide in cells expressing PML-RARA
Induced at late exponential and stationary phases, and at low temperatures
Down-regulated by auxin (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA)
By the phytopathogenic fungus Bipolaris oryzae
Transcriptionally regulated by IpsA
Down-regulated by the miRNA miR-125a-3p in myelo-proliferative neoplasms
After opioid treatment, expression decreases
Induced by salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), salt (NaCl), ethylene and auxin (IAA) (PubMed:16463103). Down-regulated by cold treatment (PubMed:24415840)
Following amputation, expressed in regenerating tissues (PubMed:19014929)
Not induced by H(2)O(2) treatment
By forskolin (at protein level). By thyrotropin and the Th2-specific cytokines IL-4 and IL-13
Expression is induced by the component of peptidoglycan muramyl dipeptide (PubMed:28436939). Negatively regulated by microRNA-24 (miR-24) (PubMed:28436939)
By ethanol and by acetate. Repressed by glucose, and to a lesser extent, by galactose. Derepressed by glycerol
Up-regulated by IGFBP2
Activated in B-cells by agents causing growth inhibition or growth arrest
Accumulates upon hypoxia (e.g. submergences) (PubMed:25822663). Expression level is enhanced by a chromatin-dependent epigenetic regulatory mechanism involving both EEN and REF6/EIN6 (PubMed:31418686)
Induced by ethylene (PubMed:20467747). Down-regulated by exposure to constant white light (PubMed:20467747)
Up-regulated by exposure to Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria
By the tumor promoter phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) in the presence of cycloheximide
Induced during sucrose starvation. Repressed by sucrose (PubMed:17217462). Induced by cold, drought and salt stresses, and abscisic acid (ABA) (PubMed:26508764)
Deletion of the conserved eukaryotic csnE deneddylase subunit of the COP9 signalosome leading to defect in protein degradation results in the activation of the silenced dba gene cluster (PubMed:23001671). Expression is controlled by the transcription factor flbB (PubMed:25701285)
Negatively regulated by iron
Expressed at fairly high levels during late logarithmic and stationary growth (at protein level) (PubMed:28851853). Expressed at low levels in stationary phase (at protein level) (PubMed:29645342)
Up-regulated by rosiglitazone and down-regulated by high fat feeding
Induced in the theca layer of the F3 stage ovarian follicle by intravenous injection of LPS. Expression in the kidney and liver is not affected by intravenous injection of LPS
By BCR-ABL oncogene
By sodium ML-236B carboxylate
The onset of expression occurs at 48 h old stationary cultures (PubMed:19801473)
Transiently up-regulated 6 to 15 hours after decapitation
Up-regulated by light. Down-regulated by wounding. Not induced by heat
Constitutively expressed. Expression level increases in the presence of glycosaminoglycan
Protein level is regulated by mitochondrial proteasome-like protease HslVU
By dehydration, cold stress and abscisic acid (ABA). Induction by dehydration occurs after 1 hour and increases to a maximum after 10 hours. Cold stress induction peaks at 1 hour and 5 hours after start of cold exposure
Seems to be expressed constitutively both in the N-rich medium (cell growth conditions) and in the MSF medium (PHB accumulation conditions)
Down-regulated in keratinocytes upon UVB irradiation
Repressed by abscisic acid (ABA) and ARF2
Expression levels increase upon high-fat diet (at protein level)
(Microbial infection) May be down-regulated by human cytomegalovirus/HHV-5 protein UL78
Accumulates in response to higher temperature and during long days (at protein level)
Up-regulated by methylated Ada in response to the exposure to alkylating agents
By sucrose, glucose and fructose. Down-regulated by ammonium supply
Mainly expressed in the early logarithmic phase
Is induced within the initial hours of A.phagocytophilum infection and is strongly expressed during the bacterium's intracellular replication phase
Up-regulated by high sodium or high potassium diets. High sodium intake increases expression in thick ascending limb and distal convoluted tubule. An increase in dietary potassium intake induces expression in distal convoluted tubule and cortical collecting duct
Up-regulated in failing heart (PubMed:14504186, PubMed:15151696, PubMed:15671045). Expression is induced by IFNA and IFNG (PubMed:32413319, PubMed:32425701). Exposure to cigarette smoke increases expression in lungs (PubMed:32425701). Expression is decreased in nasal and bronchial epithelium of individuals with allergy after allergen challenge (PubMed:32333915). IL13 stimulation decreases expression in nasal and bronchial epithelium (PubMed:32333915)
Not induced by interferons such as IFNA, IFNB and IFNG
Expression is induced by interferons such as IFNA, IFNB and IFNG. It seems that isoform 2 is an interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) but not isoform 1
(Microbial infection) In airway epithelial cells, expression is increased upon influenza A virus infection (PubMed:32413319)
(Microbial infection) In airway epithelial cells, expression is induced by viruses such rhinoviruses and influenza virus
(Microbial infection) Induced by human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2
By salicylic acid, ethylene, methyl jasmonate, auxin, H(2)O(2), metolachlor, and the pathogen Hyaloperonospora parasitica
Accumulates upon nitrogen deprivation
Produced in the stationary phase of growth
By abscisic acid (ABA) in an ABI3- and FUS3-dependent manner
By interleukin-4; in the bone marrow macrophage
By the antimicrobial streptomycin, produced by the Gram-positive bacterium S.griseus
Constitutively expressed (PubMed:19121005), may be repressed at 45 degrees Celsius (PubMed:19121005) (at protein level). Positively regulated by MarA, Rob and SoxS transcriptional regulators
Up-regulated in white adipose tissue during hibernation
Expression is induced in the presence of fluconazole (PubMed:15820985). Expression is up-regulated when ERG6, CYP51/ERG11 or ERG24 are deleted (PubMed:15473366)
Induced transiently by UV-B
Up-regulated by cold stress and down-regulated by dehydration stress. Induced by hydrogen peroxide (at the protein level)
Expression is up-regulated by the MCM1 alpha cell-type-specific transcription factor
Repressed by NadR and partially controlled by cAMP
Down-regulated by MgrA
High light, methylviologen, and salt stress conditions increase the expression level
Up-regulated by chorionic gonadotropin in ovary. Up-regulated by hypoxia in a HIF-1A-dependent manner in neurons and astrocytes. Up-regulated during gonad development after birth, probably under the regulation of hormones derived from the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis
Activated by encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) and HIV-1
Circadian-regulation showing peaks at dawn and at dusk
Expression is optimal at 37 degrees Celsius, and inhibited at 20 degrees Celsius. It is dependent on both temperature and pH
Induced by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and suppressed by glucocorticoid
Induced by iron starvation, hypoxia, amphotericin B, and during hyphal growth. Repressed by ketoconazole and caspofungin. Regulated by BCR1, HOG1, SFU1, TUP1, and UPC2
Expression is transcriptionally down-regulated by intraperitoneal injection of human leptin at 24 hours and 48 hours post-injection
Induced by L-rhamnose via the RhaR-RhaS regulatory cascade. Binding of the cAMP receptor protein (CRP) is required for full expression
Circadian-regulation under long day (LD) conditions. Expression increases at the end of the dark period, peaks in the beginning of the light period and gradually decreases during daytime
By low sodium intake
By a combination of noggin and fgf2/bfgf in ectoderm. By wnt signaling
Negatively regulated by HrpV
6 to 8-fold by apoptotic signals
Expression is controlled by forkhead box O FoxO1 transcription factor and circadian rhythms
Induced by the fungal pathogen Ustilago maydis
Up-regulated by syringolin, a cell death-inducing chemical, but not induced by heat shock
By H(2)O(2) and abiotic stresses
Slightly induced by phosphate starvation, part of the pstB3-pstS2-pstC1-pstA2 operon
Slightly induced by UV light (PubMed:9839469). Triggered by salicylic acid and jasmonic acid (PubMed:16463103). Regulated by the SND1 close homologs NST1, NST2, VND6, and VND7 and their downstream targets MYB46 and MYB83 (PubMed:19122102, PubMed:22197883)
Induced by cinnamate and sinapate
Up-regulated during adipogenesis and obesity. Induced either in muscle after exercise or in adipose tissue upon cold exposure (at protein level). Expression is induced by Ppargc1a isoform 4 (PubMed:24906147)
Repressed during starvation
Accumulates in nucleus upon DNA damage. Induced in both esophageal and lung adenocarcinomas
Induced by ascorbate and beta-glycerophosphate (PubMed:11414762, PubMed:12421822). Induced expression during bone fracture healing, with low levels of expression being detected in fibroblast-like cells at 6 days post-fracture, and increased expression at 10 days post-fracture in late hypertrophic chondrocytes. At 14 days post-fracture, expression is detected in osteocytes, osteoblasts, and hypertrophic chondrocytes. By 28 days post-fracture, expression was highest in osteocytes and lower in osteoblasts (PubMed:15221418). Down-regulated by 1-alpha-25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol) (PubMed:11414762)
Induced by light (at protein level) (PubMed:12586904). Down-regulated by auxin (at protein level) (PubMed:12586904)
By myostatin
Transiently induced by auxin and light in dark-grown coleoptiles
By heavy metals such as cadmium and mercury
Accumulates in response to drought, high light, paraquat and abscisic acid (ABA) treatments (at protein level)
In root nodules after infection by Rhizobium. Nodule uricase II levels increase from 11 to around 25 days after inoculation, then fall slightly
Induced by bacterial pathogens type III effector proteins (TTEs)
(Microbial infection) Accumulates 2 days post infection with turnip crinkle virus (TCV) (PubMed:24418554)
Detected in the midgut and carcass soon after invasion of the midgut by plasmodium. Early induction is also primed by bacterial growth in the blood meal
By high peptide concentrations
By naphthalene-2-sulfonic acid
Expressed in vivo during the course of aerosol infection. Expressed at very low levels under routine laboratory growth conditions
Induced by a compatible race of the rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe oryzae)
By high environmental acidity
Up-regulated by gibberellins (Probable). Not induced by auxin (Ref.1). Down-regulated by aluminum (PubMed:21285327, PubMed:23204407)
Induced by drougt stress, wounding and methyl jasmonate
Exhibits very slight night/day variation, if any
Up-regulated by interleukin-3 (IL-3) in the B-lymphocyte cell line Ba/F3. May also be up-regulated in response to JAK2
Induced by dexamethasone in lymphoid cells (PubMed:9430225, PubMed:12393603). Induced by IL4, IL10 and IL13 expression in monocyte/macrophage cells (PubMed:12393603). Transiently induced by IL2 deprivation in T-cells (PubMed:15031210)
Induced by renal hyperosmotic stress and aldosterone (PubMed:17147695). Induced by the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone in differentiating myoblasts (PubMed:20124407)
Induced by aldosterone
Induced by the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone in differentiating myoblasts
By T protein
Expression of the gene is not regulated by the presence of alphaKG
Induced by both low pH and low Mg(2+) via the PhoQ/PhoP two-component regulatory system. Responds to general intracellular signals that are present both in initial and in progressive stages of infection
Induced by cold stress (PubMed:15879704, Ref.8, PubMed:27892643). Induced by drought stress, salt stress and abscisic acid (ABA) (PubMed:15879704, PubMed:27892643)
Expression is highly induced by arsenite and antimonite
Expression is induced in zinc-limited conditions by the zinc-responsive transcription factor ZAP1
Mildly induced by estrogen (17beta-estradiol)
Repressed by CggR and indirectly stimulated by CcpA
By auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin, abscisic acid (ABA), brassinosteroid and hypoxia
Induced by passive stretch of skeletal muscle
Inhibited by tabersonine, coenzyme A, K(+), Mg(2+) and Mn(2+). Induced by light with a maximum 48 hours after initiation of the light treatment
Down-regulated by iron
By drought and heat combination stress (PubMed:15047901). Accumulates upon treatment with 50 mM (beta-D -Glc)(3), a Yariv phenylglycoside that aggregates arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) (PubMed:15235117)
Expression is cell-cycle dependent. Undetectable in interphase and prophase, strong expression at the spindle pole throughout metaphase to telophase
Expression is highly up-regulated in the presence of miconazole (PubMed:23886435, PubMed:30126960). Expression is controled by the AP-1-like transcription factor yap1 (PubMed:30126960). The promoter contains a putative Yap1 response element YRE (5'-TTAGTAA-3') from -462 to -456 relative to the start codon (PubMed:30126960)
Down-regulated during time-course of induced adipogenesis in 3T3L1 cells; Lipid accumulation is unchanged during adipocyte differentiation when Rtl1 is overexpressed
Up-regulated in adipose tissue of obese BRS-3-deficient mice
By isoquinoline alkaloids and phenobarbital
Induced by A.niger mycelium-derived elicitor, thus improving ginsenosides production in adventitious roots culture
Expression is up-regulated in insect hemolymph or in artificial media with high osmolarity. Also induced by heat (37 gegrees Celsius) and oxidative stress
Abundant in stationary phase (G0) cells. mRNA levels rapidly decrease upon exit from G0
Accumulates during the night period (at protein level)
Down-regulated by testosterone
Induced by FOXA1 in well-differentiated colorectal cancer (CRC) cells
Induced under stress conditions known to stimulate ppGpp accumulation and down-regulate rRNA synthesis
Repressed in darkness. Slightly induced by high light stress and during cold acclimation (at protein level)
Isoforms 1 and 2 are up-regulated in response to IL4 in B-cells but not T-cells
Repressed by drought and osmotic (e.g. 400 mM mannitol) stresses
By 2,4,6-trichlorophenol
Induced by blue light (415nm)
By replicative senescence
By bacterial pathogen P.syringae pv. tomato. By Salycilic acid (SA). By the bacterial elicitor flg22
Induced by treatment with proline (PubMed:11532180, PubMed:15548746). Induced by drought stress (PubMed:19635803)
By brassinolide (BL) (PubMed:27879391). Accumulates in the dark (PubMed:27879391)
By galactitol
By the bacillus licheniformis protein BlaR1
Isoform 2 is induced by interferon alpha in Raji cells in association with lupus inclusions
Repressed by the androgen dihydrotesterone (DHT), the estrogen estradiol (E2) and the thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3) (at protein level)
Repressed by herbicides such as flufenacet and benfuresate (PubMed:12916765). Down-regulated by darkness and low temperature, and up-regulated by salt, drought and osmotic stress (PubMed:18465198)
Transiently up-regulated during key developmental transition of immune cell subsets, likely marking a developmental checkpoint. Up-regulated during beta and positive selection of developing thymocytes, upon activation of pre-T cell receptor or T cell receptor in a calcineurin-dependent manner (PubMed:11850626, PubMed:15078895). Low expression is detected in precursor bone marrow NK cells, then is up-regulated in immature and mature bone marrow NK cells and later down-regulated in splenic mature NK cells (PubMed:20818394)
(Microbial infection) Up-regulated in LCMV-specific CD8-positive T cells. Expressed at high levels in exhausted T cells during chronic infection
By tyramine and catecholamines
Induced under anaerobic growth conditions
Induced by infection with E.coli or S.aureus bacteria. Induced by infection with P.berghei parasite following ookinete invasion of the midgut cells. Induced to some extent upon sterile injury
Expression is significantly increased in clinical isolates (PubMed:35287590). Expression level is positively correlated with lung cavity number of TB patients (PubMed:35287590)
Maximally induced 30 minutes under zinc-limiting conditions, still induced in stationary phase; repressed by the zinc uptake regulation protein Zur. Probably part of the rpmE2-rpmJ2 operon
Induced in biofilm, by caspofugin, as well as by 17-beta-estradiol and ethynyl estradiol. Expression is regulated by SSN6
Down-regulated by thyroid hormone
Expression is regulated by the Las-QS system (PubMed:19543378). Probably negatively regulates indirectly its own expression (PubMed:19543378)
Negatively regulated by the microRNA miR-125b in response to retinoic acid
Expression is under the control of the xylanolytic transcriptional activator xlnR and the repressor creA
Exhibits night/day variations with an up to 150-fold increased expression at night. Up-regulation is due to a large degree to the release of norepinephrine from nerve terminals in the pineal gland and cAMP signaling pathway. Down-regulated by light-induced proteasomal degradation. In the retina, 10-fold increased expression at night
By bHLH transcription factors atoh7/ath5 and neurod1/neuroD
Induced during cell wall regeneration following protoplasting
By cold, salt and dehydration
Up-regulated in kidney upon proteinuria
Induced by thermal stress, and osmotic stress (at protein level) (PubMed:11004189). Induced by oxidative stress (PubMed:11004189)
Down-regulated in Sertoli cell-only syndrome (SCOS) patients
By potassium starvation in roots
Not expressed while still submerged, accumulates during aerial hyphae formation on minimal medium, no transcript detected during sporulation. Strongly expressed in aerial hyphae (at protein level) (Probable). During aerial hyphae formation and early sporulation on rich medium, under control of ECF sigma factor BldN (PubMed:12832397). Expression depends on bldB but not bldA, bldD or bldH (at protein level) (PubMed:17462011)
Induced by the fungal pathogens Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium verticillioides
Up-regulated in bone marrow derived macrophages in response to the uropathogenic E.coli strain CFT073
Up-regulated in tolerated allografts. Down-regulated in activated macrophages
Strongly induced locally by salicylic acid (SA) (PubMed:17496105, PubMed:24755512). Completely dependent on NPR1 for early up-regulation by SA (PubMed:19199050). Up-regulated upon avirulent pathogen infection via an SA-mediated pathway (PubMed:19199050, PubMed:24006883). Up-regulated locally and systematically during systemic acquired resistance (SAR) (PubMed:24755512). The local induction is independent of EDS1 while the systemic transcriptional regulation is EDS1-dependent (PubMed:24755512)
Down-regulated by shear stress
Constitutively expressed at low levels; probably part of the modE-modF operon (PubMed:8564363, PubMed:8931336) (Probable). Does not seem to be autoregulated (PubMed:8931336)
By treatment with high concentrations of zinc
Induced with the differentiation from myoblast to myotube
Is highly expressed (at protein level)
Induced in response to cell wall damage
Part of a high-molecular weight complex with other proteins from the ptox and cry loci. Encoded in the ptox locus, possibly in an ntnh-orfX1-orfX2-orfX3-pmp1 operon
Expression is activated by the two-component system BasRS. Repressed by sigma-E factor
Regulated at the translation level: while it is expressed during both the chronic and acute stages of infection, transcripts are only translated during the chronic stage of infection
Seems to be expressed at similar protein levels when grown at 75 or 85 degrees Celsius, or in the exponential or the stationary phase
Slightly up-regulated by ethylene
Repressed by MetJ
Induced by growth on cellobiose. Negativelly controled by the CcpA regulator
Overexpression stimulates amyloid-beta production
Up-regulated in response to TNF
In freezing-tolerant gramineae, by cold temperatures. Water-stress induces the expression to a similar extent in all species tested, abscisic acid (ABA) to a much lesser extent
Induced by salt stress (PubMed:18813954, PubMed:31733092). Induced by cold stress (PubMed:18813954). Induced by dithiothreitol- and tunicamycin-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response (PubMed:31733092). Induced by heat shock (PubMed:31733092)
By auxin, abscisic acid, cytokinins, gibberellic acid, Ca(2+), methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid
By nitrogen deficiency
While expression is androgen independent in the hpg mouse prostate, it appears to be androgen-dependent in the kidney and brain of normal intact mouse suggesting tissue specific regulation by androgens
Rapidly induced in local tissues by both compatible and incompatible P.syringae pv. tomato DC3000 strains. Accumulates transiently in systemic tissue after challenge with incompatible P.syringae pv. tomato DC3000(avrRpm1) strain but not with a compatible strains; this systemic induction is abolished by a treatment with the calcium ion channel blocker LaCl(3), thus being dependent of a cytoplasmic calcium burst. Triggered by jasmonic acid (JA) and wounding
Expression is induced by Notch signaling
Expression increases following dietary supplementation with cholesterol. Expression decreases following dietary supplementation with estradiol
Down-regulated under cold, salt and dehydration stress conditions
By angiotensin II, endothelin-1 and alpha-thrombin. Strongly induced in ovarian granulosa cells by FSH stimulation
By growth hormone. Reduced during acute inflammation
Part of the aot operon that encodes proteins involved in the uptake of arginine and ornithine. Expression of the aot operon is strongly induced by arginine, via the HTH-type transcriptional regulator ArgR
By auxin and brassinolide. Up-regulated by abscisic acid (ABA)
Activated by SgrR and modestly repressed by alanine and leucine via Lrp
Expressed periodically during cell division. Regulated by the SBF complex which is one critical regulator of the start of the cell cycle
By the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pyrene
Expression is induced by the presence of enterobactin in bacterial environment
Expression in the liver oscillates in a circadian manner with peak levels at CT8-CT12
Overexpressed in a number of breast cancer cell lines
Expressed inside macrophages under acidic pH and at 37 degrees Celsius
By iron and enterobactin
Immediate early gene (IEG) showing acute responses to several stimuli including serum shock, phorbol ester, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and rosiglitazone, a PPARG agonist. Exhibits a high amplitude circadian rhythm with maximal levels in early evening. In constant darkness or constant light, the amplitude of the rhythm decreases. Expression is regulated by both light and food-entrained cues and by the CLOCK-BMAL1 heterodimer and PPARG. Up-regulated in cells undergoing adipogenesis
Up-regulated by propionate
By heat. Two-fold induction at 25 degrees Celsius compared with 15 degrees Celsius
By hypoxia, but not by cold stress
Repressed by adenine (PubMed:10877846). Not induced during growth on the non-fermentable carbon source glycerol with ethanol (PubMed:10877846)
Induced by sugar addition
By artery ligation in proliferating neointimal smooth muscle cells
High levels of transcripts are detected in cells grown on pyruvate or amino acids, whereas no transcription is detected when starch is present in the medium, revealing a sugar-repressed gene expression
By gonadotropin in Leydig cells. Inhibited by flutamine
By salicylic acid and pathogens
Induced by methyl jasmonate and wounding
Expression is very low in excess nitrogen (glutamate plus ammonia) and is induced by TnrA during imiting-nitrogen conditions (glutamate). Expression is further induced when allantoin or uric acid are added during limiting-nitrogen conditions
By Hepatitis C virus core protein
Exhibits circadian rhythm expression. In the SCN and harderian gland, maximum levels at ZT12. Maximum levels in the eye and liver at ZT18. Under constant darkness, maximum levels, in SCN and harderian gland, during subjective day at CT12. In the eye, maximum levels at CT18
Only expressed during growth in minimal medium (PubMed:14762004)
Up-regulated after memory training in radial arm maze experiments
Up-regulated about ten-fold by activation of the TNF-signaling pathway in vitro
By SREBF1
Repressed by exogenous auxin
Induced by 4-hydroxybenzoate
Regulated by cAMP and insulin
Expression is activated by MYBL1/A-MYB
By bacterial challenge in adult coelomocytes
Expressed almost constitutively at an increased level throughout the asexual and sexual developmental processes (PubMed:12223191). Negatively regulates its own expression (PubMed:19479257). Expression is derepressed in light-illuminated conditions (PubMed:19479257). Expression is regulated by laeA (PubMed:21152013). Regulates its own expression, depending on its phosphorylation state (PubMed:26564476)
By thyroid hormone in the developing intestine and tail
By vasopressin
During vernalization
Expression is induced by TMA
Expression decreases following castration. Administration of testosterone restores expression levels
Constitutively expressed, two-fold induced at the end of the exponential phase; this is under control of Spo0A, suggesting it may have a role in sporulation
Expression is up-regulated by clotrimazole (PubMed:26512119)
By methyl jasmonate, 6-benzylaminopurine, light and sucrose
CS1 fimbriae are only expressed in the presence of the positive regulator rns
By tunicamycin, DTT and azetidine-2-carboxylate. Isoform 2 is induced by heat
Slightly induced by the fungal pathogen B.cinerea. Accumulates in response to nitrogen deficiency and cold stress. Expression follows a diurnal rhythm with a peak in the middle of the day (PubMed:23583552). Induced in roots by fructose (Fru) and darkness, thus triggering accumulation and release of vacuolar Fru, respectively (PubMed:24381066)
By injection with live V.alginolyticus. Isoform 2 expression is highest 24 hours post-injection. Expression of isoform 1 and isoform 2 is reduced at 3 hours post-injection, increases to a peak at 12 hours post-injection, and returns to control levels at 32 hours post-injection (PubMed:21168510). Isoform 1 expression is up-regulated at 3 and 24 hours post-injection and reaches a peak at 48 hours post-injection (PubMed:20167286)
By cold (e.g. 4 degrees Celsius). Levels follow a diurnal regulation with an accumulation during the dark period and reduced levels upon exposure to light (at protein level)
By ethylene or abscisic acid treatments, and salt or osmotic stresses
Regulated by GRF10 and GRF6 at the transcription level in floral organs during floret development
Up-regulated by stimuli that trigger unfolded protein accumulation in the ER (UPR) (e.g. DTT or tunicamycin) (at protein level)
Up-regulated by ASHH2 via epigenetic chromatin H3K36me3 regulation during the vegetative development
Induced during exponential growth. Repressed by glucose
Down-regulated in dystrophin-mutant mdx muscle cell line
Induced upon shift to nonfermentable carbon sources
Regulation of synthesis appears to be related to the growth of seedlings
By cold in an abscisic acid- (ABA-) independent manner (at protein level) (PubMed:7520301, PubMed:25122152). Repressed by phosphate (Pi) deprivation (PubMed:17598127). Induced by nitrogen (N) and phosphate (P) deprivation in leaves, but repressed by potassium (K) and N deprivation in roots (PubMed:21094157). Repressed by miR396 (PubMed:22751317)
Expression is controlled by the transcription factor YRR1
By treatment with endotoxins or cytokines. By lipopolysaccharides (LPS) (in vitro). Expression in the liver oscillates in a circadian manner with peak levels occurring during the late night
Expressed equally in exponential and stationary phase in rich medium (at protein level). A shorter isoform that starts downstream at a TTG codon (yielding a 13 residue peptide) may also be expressed
Repressed by IL2/interleukin-2 after TCR stimulation, during progression to the S phase of the cell cycle
By glucose and sucrose (at protein level)
In chodrocytes, expression is induced by IL1B
By platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)
Induced by pathogenic bacterium S.aureus (PubMed:19785996). Repressed by high levels of Mn(2+) (PubMed:19924247). Repressed by high levels of Al(3+) (PubMed:23106139). Induced by low iron levels (PubMed:22194696)
Up-regulated by methylated AdaA in response to the exposure to alkylating agents
More highly expressed in early growth phase, expression decreases as cell density increases. Part of the vapB1-vapC1 operon
Up-regulated in response to prolonged energy depletion (PubMed:26442059, PubMed:29406622). Up-regulated by the glycolysis inhibitor 2DG (PubMed:26442059). Induced by abscissic acid (ABA) (PubMed:29406622)
Induced by brassinosteroid, auxin, ethylene and cytokinin, and repressed by abscisic acid. Insensitive to gibberellic acid
Up-regulated by IFNG, and pro-inflammatory cytokines IL1B and TNF
Promoted by the RNA-binding protein ASI1 via its association with an intronic heterochromatic repeat element and epigenetic regulation
20-fold induction in fermentatively grown cells
By a combination of a neural inducing signal (nog/noggin) and a posteriorizing signal (bFGF). Inhibited in the neural plate by foxd5. The anterior limit of expression at the future border between the prethalamus and thalamus is defined by mutual repression with the anterior repressor fezf2, and also by arx. Induced by retinoic acid (RA) during kidney development
Strongly induced by IFNG/IFN-gamma and, to a lesser extent, by alpha interferon. In HL-60 cells, maximum induction by IFNG/IFN-gamma occurs within 12 hours whereas, for IFN-alpha, only 10-fold induction was observed after 36 hours. Induced in vitro by dimethylsulfoxide, retinoic acid and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3. Induced in monocytes by IFN-alpha and viral dsDNA. Induced by glucose restriction
By interferon-beta (IFNB1)
Down-regulated by treatment with exogenous thiamine
Expressed during sporulation and is regulated by the mother cell-specific transcription factors sigma E and SpoIIID
Induced by the two-component Cpx system that responds to extracellular stress
Up-regulated by pathogen infection, and by jasmonate or arachidonate treatments. No induction by linoleic acid
Down-regulated by PPP4C in a phosphatase activity-dependent manner
Induced by auxin in roots (PubMed:30926657). Down-regulated by auxin in shoots (PubMed:30926657)
By IFN-alpha and IFNB1/IFN-beta
Induced by dexamethasone
Enhanced expression in response of mechanical wounding. Induced either by incompatible fungal pathogen attack, or by methyl jasmonate, a plant defense-related signaling molecule. Expressed under a diurnal rhythm (circadian clock control)
Up-regulated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells following Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection or following transfection with EBV LMP1 protein
In roots, strongly reduced after 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) treatment and weakly reduced after benzyladenine (BA) treatment. In shoots, strongly reduced after abscisic acid (ABA) treatment and induced after benzyladenine (BA) treatment
Repressed by salt and thermal stress
Up-regulated by NFKB1. Repressed by mithramycin A which is an inhibitor of binding of transcription factors
Induced in adherent monocytes
More protein is secreted in a secG or double secG/secY2 mutant (at protein level)
In the 5th instar larva isoform 1 is induced in the nerve cord by starvation, ingestion of the ecdysteroid agonist RH-5992 or parasitization with C.congregata
In response to MMS and UV treatment, and in response to heat shock and oxidative stress
By abscisic acid (ABA) (PubMed:22313226, PubMed:25219309). Induced by heat shock (PubMed:25219309). Induced by cold, drought stress and methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) treatment (PubMed:17158162)
Induced by AlkR and n-alkanes only in stationary phase. Repressed by oxidized alkane derivatives
In hippocampus, up-regulated by exercise training
By coronalon. Also induced in response to the caterpillar P.xylostella feeding
By lipopolysaccharide (LPS), TNF-alpha and interleukin-1. IFN-gamma alone showed no effect, but potentiated the effect of TNF. Induced synergistically by TGFB1 and IL6, which requires STAT3, RORC and IL21
In primary sarcomas
Repressed in roots by ABA and mannitol
Circadian-regulation with a peak in the middle of the morning and at the end of the light period. Induced by nitrate and sucrose in roots. Down-regulated by ammonium, glutamine, asparagine and aspartate in roots
By retinoic acid in F9 and F19 embryonal carcinoma cell lines
Up-regulated in gcsA null cells devoid of glutathione
Expression is up-regulated by molybdate limitation (PubMed:7860583). Repressed by molybdate-bound ModE (PubMed:8550508)
By HMGB1/amphoterin; in cultured hippocampal neurons
By phosphate starvation, during senescence, by ABA, by H(2)O(2), and by salt stress
Expression decreases as cell grow from early to late logphase and further decreases in stationary phase
Constitutively expressed and accumulation not affected by ethylene, silver ions or auxin
Induced in leaves during natural senescence and dark-induced senescence (PubMed:31505875). Down-regulated by abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonate (MeJA) (PubMed:31505875). Down-regulated by salt, mannitol-induced osmotic stress and drought stress (PubMed:34718775)
Slightly induced upon B.cinerea infection
Repressed 1.3-fold by hydroxyurea (at protein level)
Expression increases following denervation
PCM5, PCM6 and PCM8 are not induced by touching
Repressed by the oomycete pathogen H.arabidopsidis. Negatively regulated by salicylic acid (SA), benzothiadiazole (BTH) and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP, e.g. flg22)
Expression is lower in the cultured mycobiont when compared to the wild-type lichen (PubMed:26895859)
Up-regulated in vitreous aspirates of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathies (at protein level). Up-regulated after exposure to oxidative stress and VEGF in adult retinal pigment epithelial cell line (ARPE19 cells) (PubMed:30145353). Up-regulated in cervical cancer tissues (PubMed:22483988)
Cotranscribed with emrA. Induced during osmotic stress
Induced transiently by auxin (IAA) (PubMed:31862580). Strongly induced by salicylic acid (SA), and, to a lower extent, by jasmonic acid (MeJA) and flagellin 22 (fgl22) (PubMed:23915037, PubMed:31862580). Triggered by abcisic acid (ABA) (PubMed:23915037, PubMed:21471330, PubMed:31862580). Induced during wounding, dehydration recovery, and treatment with putrescine (Put) (PubMed:31862580)
Up-regulated by cold
In brain oxidative stress induced by amyloid-beta deposition during aging increases protein levels
It is increased from 1 to 2 days after adult ecdysis, but decreased after 4 days. It is dependent on ecdysteroid hormone during pupal stage
Expressed in broth-grown cultures and after 18 hours of M.tuberculosis growth in cultured human primary macrophages, but not after longer periods of macrophage infection
Frequently induced in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) tissues
The first gene in the pdu operon. BMC production is induced by growth on 1,2-PD vitamin B12 medium (PubMed:10498708, PubMed:26283792). No change when grown in the presence of 1,2-PD, ethanolamine and vitamin B12, suggesting it is possible for both the eut and pdu operons to be expressed at the same time (PubMed:26283792)
Part of the sigma-E regulon. Also has a primary sigma-70 factor promoter
Up-regulated by abscisic acid and osmotic stresses
Induced in proteinuric diseases. Down-regulated in immortalized fibroblasts isolated after a proliferative crisis accompanied with massive cell death
Up-regulated during regenerating muscle tissue
Up-regulated in tumor endothelial cells. Up-regulated by DLL4
Constitutively expressed; slightly induced on shifting to starvation media
Repressed by AbrB. Induced in stationary phase in LB (rich) medium; the transcript is present in log phase cells grown in modified competence (MC) and MM media
Induced by LsrR, LsrK, MqsR and TqsA. Repressed by LuxS and YgiV
Expression is regulated by nhr-80 and nhr-49
Expression is growth phase-dependent, with maximal expression in the mid-exponential growth phase. Induced by high salt concentrations (at protein level)
In smooth muscle and endothelial cells by leukotriene D4, by tumor necrosis factor in endothelial cells and by uric acid crystals in macrophages
By abscisic acid (ABA), auxin, wounding and drought, and in etiolated and dark-adapted seedlings
Induced by galactose and melibiose and repressed by glucose
By TNF-alpha, and chronic inflammation
Induced in roots by exogenous treatment with spermine and thermospermine
Transcriptional activation correlates with reduced histone acetylation on H3 and H4 mediated by HDA18 in N cells. Repressed by CPC in hair cells (H position)
Expression is induced by the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A signaling pathway (PubMed:25582336)
Up-regulated by viral v-myb
Up-regulated by maltodextrin
Accumulates during immune responses activated by a variety of NLR proteins
A member of the dormancy regulon. Induced in response to reduced oxygen tension (hypoxia) (at protein level), low levels of nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO). It is hoped that this regulon will give insight into the latent, or dormant phase of infection
AngR transcription is regulated by iron
Encoded in the rnc-era-recO operon
Down-regulated by treatment with puromycin aminonucleoside (PubMed:12032185). Up-regulated during progression to highly aggressive tumors and during epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) (PubMed:20962267)
Expressed at higher levels in first trimester trophoblasts than at term of gestation
Expressed during exponential growth through the transition to the stationary phase, but not during entry of cells into stationary phase (PubMed:18067544). Protein continuously expressed with a peak at 2 hours after inoculation, decreasing until 3.5 hours as cells enter stationary phase (at protein level) (PubMed:22950019)
By all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), TNF and IL13/interleukin-13. Strongly down-regulated in colorectal cancer
By methionine deprivation
Expression increases in response to prolonged fasting but decreases in response to growth hormone (GH)
Maintained at very low levels by the polycomb-group (PcG) proteins MSI1, CLF, and EMF2 via histone methylation (H3K27me3). Derepressed upon cold treatment (vernalization)
Regulates its own expression from two promoters, requires TraY as well as expression of the tra operon for maximal transcription. TraM is in a monocistonic operon
By chrd/chordin, zic1, zic2, zic3 and zic5. Suppressed by bmp signaling
Induced in rich but not minimal media with glucose as carbon source (at protein level). Induced by growth on n-hexadecane and tributyrin
By ionising radiation (IR)-induced DNA damage
Induced by N-acetylneuraminate and modulated by N-acetylglucosamine. This regulation occurs via the NanR and NagC regulators. NanC expression is also activated by the regulators cyclic AMP-catabolite activator protein, OmpR, and CpxR
Regulated by iron in a Fur-dependent manner and by heme
Not induced by mycorrhization (PubMed:17965173). Induced by hydrogen peroxide, abscisic acid (ABA) and dehydration (PubMed:22869603)
Expression is down-regulated in the presence of TIBA or CHP, and induced in the presence of H(2)O(2), clotrimazole, or vinclozolin (PubMed:30279684). Expression is regulated by the stress-responsive transcription regulator Yap1 but not the Hog1 MAP kinase (PubMed:30279684)
Induced by the diamond-back moth Plutella xylostella and the generalist herbivore Spodoptora littoralis (PubMed:23314818). Induced by jasmonate (JA) (PubMed:23314818, PubMed:23903439). Induced by wounding (PubMed:23903439). Down-regulated by salicylic acid (SA) (PubMed:23314818). Down-regulated by ethylene (PubMed:23903439)
Induced by amino acid starvation, carbon starvation and when translation is blocked. Induction no longer occurs in the absence of Lon protease suggesting, by homology to other toxin-antitoxin systems, that it may degrade the HicB antitoxin. A member of the hicA-hicB operon
By red or far-red light. Circadian-regulation. The transcript level rises progressively from dawn and decreases during the night
Is regulated by both the GacS/GacA two-component system and the Pvf regulator, two signaling systems that control P.entomophila pathogenicity
Regulated on yeast-hypha and white-opaque switches, and repressed in biofilm
Is expressed in the stationary phase. Up-regulated by NprA
By TNF in bone-marrow derived macrophage colony-stimulating factor-dependent macrophages (PubMed:20212065). Up-regulated during the differentiation of myeloid cell line 32Dcl3 into neutrophils (PubMed:19074552)
Expression is cooperatively activated by Ovo and Stil
Induced bycold, salt and drought stresses. Induced by abscisic acid, auxine, brassinosteroid, gibberellin, jasmonate, kinetin, reactive oxygen species and salicylate
By plant 4',7-dihydroxy-isoflavone or derivatives
Up-regulated during myogenic differentiation in a p38 MAPK-dependent manner (PubMed:17889962). Up-regulated in response to fibroblast growth factor FGF4 in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in a p38 MAPK-dependent manner (PubMed:24733888). Up-regulated during high sodium diet-fed in the renal tubules (PubMed:24700863). Up-regulated upon hypertonic stress condition with raffinose (at protein level) (PubMed:24700863). Up-regulated by parathyroid hormone (PTH) in calvarial osteoblasts (PubMed:15465005). Up-regulated in response to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) (PubMed:19179481). Up-regulated in response to cAMP (PubMed:19179481). Down-regulated by bone morphogenetic protein BMP2 treatment in calvarial osteoblasts (PubMed:15465005). Down-regulated during the conversion from quiescence to activated satellite cells upon muscle injury (PubMed:23046558, PubMed:25815583)
Expressed under the control of A-factor (2-isocapryloyl-3R-hydroxymethyl-gamma-butyrolactone), in an AdpA-dependent manner
By glucitol
By B.thuringiensis pore-forming toxin Cry5B
By bacterial infection (at protein level) (PubMed:9736738). In hemolymph 6 hours after bacterial infection, levels of expression increase for first 24 hours and persist for the following three weeks (at protein level) (PubMed:9736738). Up-regulated by septic injury caused by the Gram-positive bacterium M.luteus and the fungus C.albicans, and by M.luteus or E.faecalis-derived peptidoglycans and by B.subtilis or A.oryzae proteases (PubMed:19590012). Up-regulated by Gram-negative bacteria in the respiratory epithelium (PubMed:22022271). Up-regulated in the trachea and fat body in response to tracheal melanization, either by spontaneous melanization or melanization resulting from infection by bacteria (E.coli and M.luteus) or the fungus B.bassiana (PubMed:18854145)
Induced by the EvgS/EvgA two-component regulatory system. Negatively regulated by H-NS and the TorS/TorR two-component regulatory system
Induced by salt stress, drought stress and abscisic acid (ABA). Down-regulated by salicylic acid (SA) methyl jasmonate (JA)
Up-regulated significantly higher under moderate hypothermic stress conditions (25-30 degrees Celsius) than under deep hypothermia (10-15 degrees Celsius)
Circadian-regulation with highest levels in early afternoon and lowest level during the night
In monocytes, up-regulated by IL4 and by GM-CSF/CSF2 in an IRF4-dependent manner (at protein level)
By stress, probably through the induction by the transcription factor PDR1
Down-regulated in grlA null cells at 16 hours of starvation
Strongly induced by alpha interferon which selectively affects expression in late stage cells in the monocytic but not the granulocytic lineage. Induced in vitro by dimethylsulfoxide and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3
Expression is strongly increased during growth on protein rich medium containing keratin or cystine-arginine
Up-regulated by light, salt and wounding. Down-regulated by cytokinin treatment
By bacterial infection (at protein level) (PubMed:9736738). Detected within 24 hours of infection (at protein level) (PubMed:9736738)
Expression is induced by sucrose, glucose and arabinose which repress the gal4 transcription factor, a negative regulator of the ochratoxin gene cluster
Up-regulated in response to notexin-induced acute myoinjury
By TNF, IL1A/interleukin-1 alpha and parthenolide
Up-regulated during the early stage of iron deficiency (at protein level)
Specifically induced by the mycorrhizal fungus G. intraradices colonization in roots
Maximally expressed after 2 days growth, i.e. during stationary phase (at protein level). Expression is regulated by RpoS
By light and cytokinin
Transactivated by MYB2 in response to various stresses (PubMed:9611167). By 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (synthetic auxin) in Arabidopsis as well as in maize (PubMed:2937058). Induced mostly in roots and shoot apex by hypoxia during water submergence or oxygen deprivation, in a MYB2-dependent manner, and partly via an ethylene-mediated pathway (PubMed:9522467, PubMed:9611167, PubMed:11402202, PubMed:12509334, PubMed:26566261, PubMed:11987307, PubMed:8787023). Accumulates in response to hydrogen peroxide H(2)O(2) during the early stages of hypoxia signaling (PubMed:24395201, PubMed:18441225). Decreased levels upon combined hypoxia and diphenylene iodonium chloride (DPI, an NADPH oxidase inhibitor) treatments (PubMed:24395201). Induced by abscisic acid (ABA), dehydration, estradiol, salt (NaCl), cold and sucrose treatments (PubMed:12231733, PubMed:18441225, PubMed:11987307, PubMed:9611167, PubMed:8787023). The induction by dehydration is ABA-dependent (PubMed:8787023). Observed in etiolated seedlings and leaves upon exposure to low temperature, probably via anaerobic metabolism and increase of ABA levels (PubMed:12231733). Strongly induced by caffeine (PubMed:12509334). May accumulate in roots during spaceflight, probably due to local hypoxia conditions (PubMed:11402191)
RNA-binding protein that probably controls the regulation of its own mRNA
May be induced by Notch signaling
Up-regulated in serum-starvated cells or during cell growth arrest
Up-regulated by PPARA (PubMed:24122873). Up-regulated by compounds that cause peroxisome proliferation, such as fenofibrate (at protein level). Up-regulated by bezafibrate (PubMed:15258199). Up-regulated by compounds that cause peroxisome proliferation, such as fenofibrate, bezafibrate and gemfibrozil (PubMed:24122873)
Up-regulated in adipose tissue upon cold exposure
Down-regulated upon auxin treatment (PubMed:19506555). Down-regulated by endoplasmic reticulum stress treatment (PubMed:24180465)
Transcript levels are elevated during host infection, and transiently increased after induction of hyphal formation with serum. Expression is controlled by CWT1 and induced by fluconazole
Expression is up-regulated in conidia (PubMed:26399184)
Not induced by red (R) light, or abrasion in dark-grown seedlings
Induced by growth on galactose
Under conditions of acidic pH, anaerobiosis and rich medium. Forms an operon with downstream adiY but not (further) downstream adiC
By cyclodextrins
By heat shock and UV radiation
Up-regulated by MYC and during adipocyte differentiation
By heat shock. Acts as an early heat shock protein, induced within, and reaches a maximum by, 5 to 15 minutes of the start of heat stress. Levels decrease over time
Up-regulation upon iron or zinc loading increases expression at the plasma membrane (at protein level)
By drought and high salinity conditions, and with exogenous application of abscisic acid (ABA), with high expression after 5 hour exposure to these conditions. Expression in roots is higher than that in leaves upon the high salinity and ABA treatment likewise as it is under normal conditions
Up-regulated by its own ligand IL17C. Also up-regulated by IL6 and TNF acting synergically. This induction can be further increased by IL23
By phosphate deprivation. Positively regulated by PhoB and negatively regulated by PhoR
Up-regulated in vascular endothelial cells treated with IL4
(Microbial infection) Up-regulated upon SARS-CoV infection
Up-regulated is response to high-fat feeding (at protein level) (PubMed:28052263). Up-regulated by the transcription factor PPARG in a BMP4-signaling dependent manner. Up-regulated during adipocyte differentiation
Isoform long is induced by serum; in a tissue culture
Expressed constitutively at low levels
Target of TAS1 (trans-acting siRNA precursor 1)-derived small interfering RNAs in response to temperature variations (By similarity). Highly up-regulated in seedlings exposed to heat shock (PubMed:24728648)
Pathogen and elicitor-induced. Up-regulated transiently by a cold treatment
Transcriptionally up-regulated in an HDA1-dependent manner
By cold, UV, ethylene (ACC), flagellin, jasmonic acid (JA), and salicylic acid (SA) treatments
Transcribed starting in early sporulation and into later stages; not expressed during vegetative growth. Third gene in the orf1-orf2-cry2Aa (cryB1) operon
Increased levels in several tumor cell lines, including lung and colon adenocarcinomas and mammary carcinomas. Strongly induced in Burkitt's lymphoma and lymphocytes transformed by EBV
Induced by fasting
Up-regulated by methyl jasmonate and herbivory, but only weakly by elicitor
Induced by hydrogen peroxide and abscisic acid (ABA)
By interferon alpha/UVB treatment
Up-regulated by inflammatory cytokines
Accumulates upon rhizobacteria-mediated (e.g. P.fluorescens WCS417r) induced systemic resistance (ISR) in root trichoblasts and, to a lesser extent, in cortical cells
In larvae, by bacteria (E.coli and M.luteus)
Repressed by SKO1. During osmotic stress, this repression is relieved. Induced by transcription factor YAP1 during oxidative stress, and induced by ionic and heat stress. Induced by isoamylalcohol
Induced by infection with the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (PubMed:16553894). Induced by wounding (PubMed:17675405, PubMed:28760569). Induced by infection with the fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea (PubMed:28760569, PubMed:28559313). Induced by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) (PubMed:28559313). Induced by infestation with the caterpillar Mamestra brassicae (PubMed:28559313). Induced by salt stress (PubMed:11351099). Down-regulated by UV-B (PubMed:17587374)
By Herpesvirus saimiri infection
By salt stress, ABA, and mannitol in roots and leaves
Part of the SigF regulon, induced by chlorite (HClO(2)) under control of SigF. Part of the probable sigF-nrsF operon
Expressed at the vegetative stage and at an early developmental stage, although at a lower level
In carotid arteries, after mechanic injury
Up-regulated by xylose
Down-regulated in prostate after castration
Transcription is regulated by the alternative sigma factor ShbA
The alpha4 beta2 gamma 2L receptor is not repressed by diazepam
By growth factors (PubMed:2492104). Rapidly and transiently up-regulated in response to ischemia (PubMed:1859855)
Expressed in late exponential phase
Induced by gibberellins (GA) in seedlings shoot apices, in tissues containing actively dividing cells (PubMed:22492352). Down-regulated by RGA in the GA signaling pathway (PubMed:22492352)
Up-regulated by histamine. Up-regulated by the adapter protein complex 1 (AP-1) and NF-kappaB/RELA. Down-regulated by transforming growth factor TGFB1
By sugar starvation and exposure to darkness for 24 hours
Expressed constitutively under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions (PubMed:9852003). Expression is only slightly affected by the growth conditions (PubMed:9852003)
In roots and leaves by phosphate starvation. Down-regulated in roots when colonized by the mycorrhizal fungus G. intraradices. Down-regulated by high phosphate in suspension cell culture
Induced by N-acetylglucosamine-6-phosphate and repressed by NagC
Induced in roots after inoculation with Mesorhizobium loti
Up-regulated by Imiquimod. Up-regulated in skin upon tissue inflammation and injury
Strongly induced by abscisic acid (ABA). Accumulates in response to osmotic stresses (e.g. mannitol and NaCl)
By toll-like receptor ligands zymosan (TLR2 ligand), polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) (TLR3 ligand) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) (TLR4 ligand) and by pro-inflammatory cytokines IFNG, TNFA, IL1A and IL1B in mesenchymal stromal cells (PubMed:23817958). By IFNG in macrophages (PubMed:20209097). Up-regulated in dendritic cells following infection with dengue virus (PubMed:25754930). Up-regulated in Kupffer cells following infection with hepatitis C virus (PubMed:20209097). Up-regulated in plasma following infection with HIV-1 (PubMed:24786365)
Induced by jasmonate (JA) treatment (PubMed:12679534, PubMed:31988260). Induced by low phosphate conditions (PubMed:29651114)
By abscisic acid (ABA) and dark
Up-regulated in response to osmotic stress
Expression is induced by voriconazole exposure in vitro and in mice (PubMed:21321135). Expression is increased in clinical azole-resistant isolates and by the presence of itraconazole (PubMed:12709346, PubMed:15504870). Expression is also up-regulated during biofilm growth (PubMed:21724936). Expression is repressed by iron in an SreA-dependent manner (PubMed:18721228). Expression is down-regulated by tetrandrine and posaconazole in a synergistic manner (PubMed:28080217)
By HIV-1 infection of lymphocytes
Strongly induced in the dark
By cold and PEG, but not by NaCl
Its expression is under the control of the transcriptional repressor PurR
Expressed during growth in host lung and brain, and during growth in presence of epithelial cells (PubMed:24355926). Induced in presence of high free iron (PubMed:27159390). Induced during growth in high glucose (PubMed:27159390). Induced in presence of 3-hydroxybutyric acid (BHB) (PubMed:27159390)
Is regulated by nutritional changes (PubMed:15044443). Is up-regulated dose-dependently by insulin (PubMed:15044443). Is down-regulated dose-dependently by forskolin (PubMed:15044443). Induced in muscle following physical exercise (PubMed:26668395)
Up-regulated following pathogen challenge or salicylic acid (SA) treatment, and down-regulated by methyl jasmonic acid (MeJA) treatment
By ecdysone; exposure of salivary glands and midgut isolated from second instar larvae results in a massive increase in levels
Expression is negatively regulated by the transcriptional repressor Rv1353c
Induced by wounding and methyl jasmonate in roots
Ty1-BR is a weakly expressed element. Induced under amino acid starvation conditions by GCN4
Up-regulated by cold stress, but not by abscisic acid or salt treatment
Induced by salt, cold and osmotic stresses, and abscisic acid (ABA). Down-regulated by salicylic acid (SA)
By arginine, under the control of ArgR
Induced by chitin and cuticle and repressed by glucose. Protein expression is increased after host tick Boophilus microplus infection. Accumulates also in response to heat-shock stress conditions
Accumulates upon CLE45 peptide application (PubMed:23569225). Accumulation is promoted by CRN, especially at later stages of protophloem development (PubMed:28607033)
By boron limitation in the root elongation and the root hair zones
By interferon gamma/IFN-gamma on resting T-cells
Induced by auxin, zeatin, salt and inorganic phosphate deprivation
By ethylene, salicylic acid, copper and the bacterial pathogen P.syringae
Up-regulated by methyl jasmonate (PubMed:24108213). Inhibited by cytochrome c, CO, clotrimazole, miconazole, tricliphane, flusilazole and tetcyclasis, and with a lower efficiency, by 1-phenylimidazole and piperonylbutoxide. Not inhibited by potassium cyanide and sodium azide
Up-regulated both in response to UV light treatment and cisplatin, agents that cause DNA damage (at protein level)
By Pax6
Expression is mediated by the AFT2, HCM1, and SUM1 transcription factors. Up-regulated in absence of NPT1
Induced by chlorhexidine
Up-regulated by TGFB1
By jasmonic acid (JA) and by wounding
Slightly repressed in roots by carbon dioxide CO(2). Induced in shoots by osmotic stress (e.g. mannitol)
By interleukin-1, dexamethasone, lipolysaccharide and indinavir. Up-regulated upon muscle denervation, immobilization and unweighting and more generally upon muscle atrophy. Up-regulated upon sepsis. Down-regulated upon aging
Expressed during growth on maltose
Induced with triglyceride accumulation
Up-regulated by P.aeruginosa, PAO1 strain and down-regulated by P.aeruginosa, PA14 strain infection
By infection with rice yellow stunt virus
By BMP2
By growth factors and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)
More highly expressed in lag than stationary phase at 10, 30 or 37 degrees Celsius. Induced at 10 degrees Celsius. Encoded by a monocistronic operon
By geminivirus (BSCTV) infection
Up-regulated by CREB3
Up-regulated in response to nitrogen shock
By HTLV-1
Up-regulated in endothelial cells after exposure to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
Up regulated by auxin
Repressed by 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PenCB) and 3-methylchlantherene (3MC)
Shows constitutive expression during the early stage of tobacco leaves infection
Injection of 6-hydroxydopamine into the ascending medial forebrain bundle causes the formation of lesions and leads to up-regulation of KPNA1 in the denervated striatum in a time-dependent manner, reaching a maximum two weeks post-lesion
Has been shown to be up-regulated by a lysine-rich diet (PubMed:12712191). However, levels of expression have also been shown not to be significantly changed even when diets differ markedly in PQQ and lysine content (PubMed:17029795)
Expression is detectable but at low levels in vegetatively growing cells and increases during development induced by starvation (PubMed:27790999). Expression is highest during the ultimate stage of mature fruiting body (approximately 24 h after induction) (PubMed:27790999)
Activated by lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC)
By abscisic acid (ABA), the ethylene precursor ACC, mannitol or cold treatment. Down-regulated by auxin and salicylic acid (SA)
Up-regulated by yeast elicitor treatment
Down-regulated by sucrose
Up-regulated by SVP. Down-regulated by high temperature and gibberellic acid treatment. Not regulated by photoperiod, circadian rhythm under long days or vernalization
Transcription is affected by Agr and SarA. Also, transcriptionally repressed by NaCL, pH below 6, glucose and the antibiotic clindamycin
Up-regulated by interferon gamma (at protein level). Up-regulated by IRF1. Up-regulated by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (at protein level). Up-regulated by tetrodotoxin (TTX) in glial cells. Up-regulated in Crohn's bowel disease (CD). Up-regulated by heat shock treatment. Up-regulated by CD40L via the NFKB1 pathway in cancer cells
By CSF3/G-CSF in resting granulocytes (PubMed:10753836). Induced during CSF3/G-CSF-mediated neutrophil differentiation (PubMed:17244676, PubMed:18462208). Induced during pregnancy (PubMed:12675722). Induced in patients with polycythemia vera (PV) and with essential thrombocythemia (ET) (PubMed:10753836, PubMed:12377969)
Part of the yceD-rpmF operon, which may continue into downstream genes
Induced by tapping (PubMed:12461132). Not induced by wounding, ethephon or abscisic acid treatment (PubMed:12461132). Induced by ethylene (PubMed:22162870)
Up-regulated during preadipocyte differentiation. Down-regulated in these cells on treatment with IGF1
Up-regulated by heat
Up-regulated by ethylene. Inhibited by 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP)
Serum secretin levels are increased after single-meal ingestion
Expression decreases upon brain injury
Up-regulated during TNF-mediated inflammation and immunity (By similarity). Up-regulated by beta-catenin and TCF4 (PubMed:20538055)
By transition from light to far-red light
Expressed at low levels in stationary phase (at protein level)
Transcription is maximal in the late logarithmic phase of growth. Expression levels are similar in the intracellular and extracellular environments
By infection with the periodontal pathogens T.forsythia and F.nucleatum (at protein level)
Positively regulated by Vfr in response to elevated intracellular cAMP
Constitutively expressed in high-iron medium, whereas expression is reduced approximately 2.5-fold when an iron chelator, such as deferoxamine, is added to the growth medium (PubMed:18549241)
By cold stress in roots
Transiently up-regulated during myoblast differentiation
Up-regulated by H(2)O(2), paraquat, ozone, 3-aminotriazole and salt stress
By butane, 1-butanol and 2-butanol
By 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC, ethylene precursor), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), and Botrytis cinerea. Up-regulated in the light and down-regulated in constant darkness
In neonatal dermal microvascular endothelial cells, by hypoxia
Induced under nitrogen-limited growth
Expression induced in normal hepatic cells cultured in arginine-depleted medium
Expression shows a diurnal pattern of oscillation across the 24-hour light-dark, with increased levels during the dark period (at protein level) (Ref.2). Up-regulated in the early and late stationary growth phases as compared to the exponential growth phase (PubMed:23291769)
By novobiocin and repressed by sucrose
Induced at the early stage of T cell activation. Regulated at the transcriptional level during the cell cycle. Induced at a maximum level in the S phase
Up-regulated by the nitrogen regulatory protein NtrC
Not up-regulated by pathogen infection
Induced in roots during development of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) upon colonization by AM fungus (e.g. Glomeromycota intraradices, Gigaspora margarita and Funnelliformis mosseae) (PubMed:19220794, PubMed:26476189). Induced in root tips by low phosphate (Pi) levels (PubMed:26476189)
Expression is autoregulated (Probable). Induced during biofilm formation
By abscisic acid (ABA), auxin, the etylene precursor ACC and cold treatment. Down-regulated by wounding and in etiolated seedlings
Constitutively expressed, part of the esxB-esxA operon (PubMed:9846755)
Induced by L-lactate and repressed by D-lactate. The lactate racemase activity is thus regulated by the L-lactate/D-lactate ratio, under the control of the transcriptional regulator LarR. Makes part of the lar operon (larABCDE)
Up-regulated by NANOS1
Up-regulated by abscisic acid, etephon, salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate
Expression is regulated by the heterotrimeric G protein pga1 (PubMed:18364746). Expression is also positively regulated by stuA (PubMed:21148688)
Nitrogen starvation or rapamycin treatment rapidly causes a more than 20-fold induction of expression. The expression is dependent on GLN3
By APP
Induced by abscisic acid (ABA) (PubMed:16876791). Induced by drought stress (PubMed:16617101)
Induced by heat shock, via RpoH
By Wnt proteins
Expression is up-regulated by 3'3'-cGAMP production (at both mRNA and protein levels)
By phenol and benzoate
Up-regulated by bile acids; chenodeoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid and by the NR1H4/FXR-specific agonist GW4064
Up-regulated by DNA damage
Slightly induced by gibberellic acid (GA)
Present in mid-exponential phase cells
By acetylated low-density lipoprotein and dietary intake of cholesterols
Highly induced by WRKY22 or WRKY29 and by WRKY6 in senescent leaves. Also induced 30 minutes after flagellin treatment
In the presence of acetohydroxybutyrate and acetolactate and by the activator IlvY
Temperature seems to play the major role in regulation of transcription of the yopN-containing operon of pYV, whereas Ca(2+) concentration has only a moderate effect at 37 degrees C., and no effect at room temperature
By long-chain acyl-HSLs, but not short-chain ones
Up-regulated by cadmium and cu(2+)
By steroid hormones
Expressed under the control of the sigma-W factor
By TNF in fibroblasts
Repressed by RicR (PubMed:24549843). Induced by copper (PubMed:23772064, PubMed:24549843)
Expression is induced by fluconazole and repressed by HAP43
Induced by brassinosteroids
Induced by bacterial pathogens (e.g. Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato), ozone O(3), and wounding
Nutrient deficiency conditions
Strongly up-regulated in cells grown in the presence of oleate
In both brain and pancreas, no circadian oscillation was detected
Up-regulated by CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins CEBPA and CEBPE and transcription factor SPI1 (at protein level) (PubMed:12515729). Down-regulated in malignant tumor conditioned medium (PubMed:21518852). Up-regulated during early bone marrow differentiation by the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor CSF2 and down-regulated during granulocytic maturation (PubMed:8749713)
No effect of antimycin A, ethylene or cold treatments. Up-regulated by paraquat and cysteine treatments, but down-regulated by erythromycin, citrate, glucose and H(2)O(2) treatments
Up-regulated in cells overexpressing CDKN2B
Induced during environmental stress
By hedgehog (hh) and dpp signal transduction in the morphogenetic furrow
Down-regulated in the absence of SIT4
Down-regulated upon experimental heart failure
Slightly by zinc in the intestine, but not the liver
By anisomycin (activator of MAP kinase pathway) and by dopamine and cocaine in dopamine D1 receptor-expressing striatal neurons and by EGF/epidermal growth factor or NGF/nerve growth factor in PC12 pheochromocytoma cells. Isoform 1 also is specifically induced by cycloheximide, potassium chloride (KCl) and forskolin or brain neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Isoform 2 is induced by glutamate
Up-regulated by RPN4 transcription factor upon mitochondrial protein-induced stress conditions such as the accumulation in the cytosol of non-imported mitochondrial precursors
Expression is up-regulated by heat and in response to hydroxyurea. This regulation is under the control of the protein kinases sty1 and rad3
Induced by D-galactose, L-arabinose and D-fucose. Not induced by stress conditions such as nitrogen limitation, osmotic stress, salt stress or temperature stress
Expression is up-regulated in the presence of large amounts of glucose and during nitrogen starvation, conditions highly conducive to elsinochrome accumulation
Isoform 1 is induced by interferon alpha. Isoform 5 is constitutively expressed
By infection with the rice blast fungus (M.oryzae) (PubMed:15695435). Induced by abscisic acid (ABA), salt stress and osmotic shock (PubMed:24884869)
By auxin and abscisic acid (ABA) in roots
By bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS). LPS regulates expression through a liver X receptor (LXR) -independent mechanism. Repressed by ZNF202
In fragrant cultivars (e.g. cv. Mitchell and cv. V26), increases before the onset of volatile emission at the end of the light period, peaks at night and decreases when volatile emission declines early morning; this precise expression regulation of its promoter is tuned by EOBI and EOBII binding and activation to a MYB binding site (MBS) 5'-AAACCTAAT-3' and by LHY binding and repression to cis-regulatory evening elements
By heat shock and by cold. Up-regulated by virus infection
By different stresses such as heat shock and salt stress and by starvation
Induced by INA. Up-regulated in vascular tissues after Na(+), K(+), Cu(2+), Ni(2+) or Zn(2+) exposure
Up-regulated in leaves and rhizomes following treatment with methyl jasmonate (meJA)
Up-regulated early after infection with P.syringae carrying avrRpt2 (PubMed:8742710). Expressed constitutively (PubMed:18214976)
By heat acclimation, hypoxia and addition of 50 ppm hydrogen sulfide (PubMed:11427734, PubMed:12686697, PubMed:19889840). By low iron levels (PubMed:22194696)
Induced in stationary phase
By heat and cold stresses and the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D, auxin analog)
By estrogen and blood loss
By prolactin
Induced by hypoxia in a number of cells including neutrophils and certain cancer cell lines. Up-regulated 10-fold in pancreatic cancers
By HCFC1 C-terminal chain, independently of HCFC1 N-terminal chain. Transiently induced by TGF-beta and during the cell cycle
Expression is very low in excess nitrogen (glutamate plus ammonia) and is induced during limiting-nitrogen conditions (glutamate). Expression slightly decreases when allantoin is added during limiting-nitrogen conditions
Up-regulated by KNAT1. Not regulated by gibberellins
Repressed by silencing mediated by polycomb group (PcG) protein complex containing EMF1 and EMF2
By SigH, part of the sigH-rshA operon
Expressed at high levels in all growth phases in vitro (at protein level)
Directly regulated by p53/TP53: induced following cisplatin treatment in a p53/TP53-dependent manner. p53/TP53 activates expression by directly binding to its regulatory regions
By FOS
Expressed during the exponential growth phase, under the control of SigA (major) and SigH (minor). Is also positively regulated by the two-component system YycFG
Strongly and rapidly induced in larvae by maltose, trehalose, glucose, fructose or saccharose, but not by lactose or galactose
Expression is sigma B-dependent (PubMed:11544224, PubMed:18643936). Induced by ethanol, heat and salt stress (PubMed:11544224, PubMed:18643936). Positively autoregulated (PubMed:22812682)
Expression induced during phosphate starvation. Repressed by inorganic phosphate
A member of the dormancy regulon. Induced in response to reduced oxygen tension (hypoxia), low levels of nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO). It is hoped that this regulon will give insight into the latent, or dormant phase of infection. Also induced when grown at pH 5.0 for 3 weeks
Regulated in a cell cycle-dependent manner, peaking in G1 phase. Negatively regulated by transcription factor SBF (SWI4-SWI6 cell-cycle box binding factor)
Down-regulated during maturation of dendritic cells by selective stimuli such as bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), CD40LG and zymosan. Protein levels decreases upon genotoxic stress in a dose- and time-dependent way
Overexpressed in thyroid carcinoma cell lines and tissues, but not in adenomas
Isoforms 1 and 2 are down-regulated by 17-beta-estradiol
Induced by fungal elicitor (PubMed:8420986). Induced by methyl jasmonate (PubMed:22266321)
By water deficit, by abscisic acid (ABA) and by salt stress. Self expression regulation
Induced by the elevation of ambient temperature both in the nucleus and the cytosol
Induced by bezafibrate, a hypolipidemic drug which acts as an agonist of peroxisome proliferator activator receptor alpha (PPARA), while isoform 2 levels decrease slightly
Not up-regulated by GA3 or ABA application
Induced 5-fold by hydroxyurea (at protein level)
Expression is positively regulated by the cluster-specific transcription factor TSF1 (PubMed:18957608). Expression is induced by the presence of the cluster-specific polyketide synthase PKS1 (PubMed:18957608). Expression is up-regulated in the presence of large amounts of glucose, during nitrogen starvation or at alkaline pH, conditions highly conducive to elsinochrome accumulation (PubMed:18957608)
Induced by cholesterol and repressed by KtsR (PubMed:17635188). Up-regulated in vitro by acid shock and ex vivo by macrophage challenge (PubMed:18486437)
High salinity induces expression of isoform 2 in the kidney; conversely, low salinity induces expression in the intestine
Expression is induced by the presence of aromatic amino acids and the lack of preferred nitrogen sources (e.g. ammonia, glutamine) and requires the transcription activator ARO80
Repressed by myo-inositol and choline
Repressed by MEA and the polycomb repressive complex (PRC)
During infection of mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) expression decreases when the bacteria is expected to be in the phagosome. Disruption of genes for cas9 or either of its associated tracrRNA or scaRNA increases transcript levels about 100-fold both in culture and in mouse BMDM
Induced by FGF in a hippocampal progenitor cell line. Induced by FGF and EGF in a CNS neuronal cell line
Up-regulated by agonists that activate NR1H3 (PubMed:12815040). Slightly down-regulated by a high-carbohydrate diet enriched in unsaturated fatty acids (PubMed:12815040)
Induced by phosphate deficiency
Induced by sugars that are fermented by the phosphoketolase pathway (PKP) and repressed by glucose mediated by carbon catabolite protein A and by the mannose phosphoenolpyruvate phosphotransferase system
Not regulated by the N source or by nitrate
Down-regulated in NOTCH1, DLL1, RBPJ and FOXC1/FOXC2 mutant mice. Expression in the anterior presomitic mesoderm is periodic, dissipating once the segmental border is established. Negatively regulated by RIPPLY2. Positively regulated by TBX6 and Notch signaling
By fear memory. Differential induction of isoforms
Down-regulated by E-cadherin
By interleukin-4 and allergen challenge with A.fumigatus (PubMed:11067944). By interleukin-13 (IL13) (PubMed:15647285)
Controlled in part by the amount of available iron (PubMed:1838574). Induced by hydroxyurea (PubMed:20005847)
Down-regulated after axotomy in dorsal root ganglia
Down-regulated during differentiation of ES cells
4-fold by phosphate starvation, part of the pstS3-pstC2-pstA1 operon
Down-regulated by abscisic acid (ABA), salt and cold treatments
Induced during host epithelium infection. Expression is positively regulated by CDC28
Expression is repressed by NmoR. Is cotranscribed with ddlA
Induced by glucose (PubMed:19208695). Induced by drought stress (PubMed:25735958). Down-regulated by submergence (PubMed:17205969)
Expression of yiaJ is autogenously regulated and reduced by the binding of CRP-cAMP to the CRP site 1 of the YiaK-S promoter
Activated by wounding, heavy metal, methyl salicylate, osmotic and salt stresses
Induced by SigD. Expression increases in the late-exponential growth-phase and is maximal during the early-stationary phase
Induced at acidic pH. Negatively autoregulated
Up-regulated between 12 and 24 hours after treatment with activin A and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Down-regulated by calcium ionophore A23187
Down-regulated in nerve growth factor-treated PC12 cells
By wounding and avirulent pathogen infection. Systemic induction by hydrogen peroxide
Up-regulated in heart, brain, kidney and down-regulated in liver by low Mg(2+) diet
Induced by growth on N-acetyl-D-glucosamine but not by growth on N-acetyl-D-galactosamine
Regulated by NOTCH2
By amino acids
Induced by methyl viologen
By hypertension. Up-regulated by shear stress, lipopolysaccharide and TNF-alpha in cultured vascular endothelial cells
By dioxin (2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin)
Expression oscillates in a circadian manner in the liver
Cotranscribed with emrB. Induced during osmotic stress
Induced by NGF in nociceptors
By vancomycin. Part of the van gene cluster of pIP816, the plasmid that confers high-level resistance to vancomycin in E.faecium BM4147
Down-regulated by ethanol. Down-regulated during the progression of cerebellum differentiation
Down-regulated in sporadic Wilms tumor
Up-regulated by the growth factors activin AB (INHBA: INHBB dimer) and TGFB1 in vitro
By gallate
By parasitization and low temperatures
Expression shows a peak that coincides with the meiotic divisions
Up-regulated by drought and high salt stresses, and down-regulated by gibberellic acid (GA) treatment, but not by plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) application in leaves. Under the salt treatment, expression is induced quickly, and it peaks at 3 hours. Under the drought treatment, the expression is not induced immediately, but reaches its maximum at 3 hours. Under the GA treatment, the expression becomes weaker within 5 hours
Expression is induced in macrophages and infected mice (PubMed:16672626). Highly up-regulated during the early stages of invasion of the human blood-brain barrier (PubMed:16586367)
Positively regulated by WalR. Expressed primarily during exponential growth, with levels decreasing rapidly at the beginning of the stationary phase
Up-regulated during preadipocyte differentiation (at protein level)
By D-mannose 6-phosphate
Induced by androgens and suppressed by estrogens. The expression is under the influence of pituitary growth hormone and thyroid hormone
Up-regulated in mature adipocytes and adipocyte tissue of obese individuals
Up-regulated by mannose. Is subject to carbon catabolite repression (CCR) by glucose
Induced by glucose starvation conditions
Expression is induced during iron deprivation (PubMed:17586718)
Association with RNAP core increases slightly during late sporulation but not tested stresses (at protein level)
Maximal expression during progressive infection is between 2-4 weeks, however low, stable expression during chronic infection
Induced by salt, heat and drought stresses (PubMed:21069430). Induced by osmotic stress (PubMed:20193749). Induced by jasmonate (JA) (PubMed:21069430, PubMed:14756769, PubMed:17786451). Induced by salicylic acid (SA) (PubMed:14756769, PubMed:21069430). Induced by abscisic acid (ABA) (PubMed:20193749, PubMed:21069430). Induced by ethylene (PubMed:14756769). Induced by infection with the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (PubMed:14756769, PubMed:23510309). Induced by the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola ES4326 (PubMed:14756769). Induced by wounding (PubMed:17786451). Down-regulated by infection with the beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii (PubMed:23510309)
Induced during exponential growth and is the predominant peroxidase in stationary phase
Detected at low levels at interphase and in resting cells. Up-regulated during S phase and mitosis. Levels decrease at the end of mitosis
Activated by diethylstilbestrol (DES) and estradiol in the uterus
By low oxygen levels (hypoxia) at the level of transcription. Not expressed until the oxygen concentration is below 0.5 uM O(2)
Up-regulated by iron (at protein level) (PubMed:24927598). Down-regulation upon iron depletion occurs through proteasomal degradation of the intracellular pool (PubMed:24927598). Up-regulated by tunicamycin, a drug inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress (at protein level) (PubMed:28673968). Up-regulated by lipopolysaccharide/LPS (PubMed:23052185)
Upon MG132 treatment
By the genotoxic agents methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) and bleomycin
Transcriptionally regulated by PucR. Expression is very low in excess nitrogen (glutamate plus ammonia) and is induced during limiting-nitrogen conditions (glutamate). Expression is further induced when allantoin is added during limiting-nitrogen conditions
Sirt3 expression decreases by 50% in skeletal muscle upon fasting
By anoxia and abscisic acid (ABA)
Repressed by methionine
Induced during incompatible interaction with the fungal pathogen Puccinia striiformis (Ref.1). Induced by abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene, cold stress, salt stress and wounding (Ref.1)
Expression is under the control of transcription factor XYR1 and highly induced by xylan
Expression oscillates diurnally
Expressed under carbon starvation conditions
Induced by alpha-pheromone. Repressed by the ALPHA2-MCM1 repressor
Up-regulated by antimycin A. No effect of ethylene or cold treatment
Up-regulated in hypertrophic hearts (at protein level)
Induced by zinc
Expression is co-regulated with the acetylaranotin gene cluster
Expressed during multiple necrotrophy, the late stage of host plant infection
Down-regulated upon retinoic acid addition to F9 stem cells
Induced by cold stress (PubMed:14665624). Induced by wounding (PubMed:16081412)
Induced by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) in roots and leaves (PubMed:25320211). Induced by A.niger mycelium-derived elicitor, thus improving ginsenosides production in adventitious roots culture (PubMed:27746309)
By xanthosine and to a lesser extent by deoxyinosine. Full expression requires XapR-xanthosine DNA-binding transcriptional activator
Induced by mannitol and the pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) flg22
By replication blocking agents (hydroxyurea and aphidicolin)
Up-regulated by auxin and brassinolide (PubMed:11673616). Down-regulated by aluminum
By epibrassinolide
Accumulates at higher levels in dark-grown seedlings (PubMed:18687588). Induced by sucrose (PubMed:18687588)
By nickel and manganese ions
By bacterial pathogen P.syringae
By IFNG/IFN-gamma and IFNB1/IFN-beta
By cold, salt stress and dehydration
Up-regulated in response to mild as well as prolonged energy depletion
Leaves exhibit a diurnal pattern of expression with up-regulation in the morning, followed by a midday maximum and a 2.5 fold down-regulation in the evening. Expression in leaves is unaffected by salinity or dehydration stress but is induced by mannitol. Mannitol application, salinity and dehydration stress rapidly induce expression in roots
Upon photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) (e.g. light fluence) increase and UV-B treatment. Accumulates in response to ozone fumigation. Induced in response to oxidative stress, via a reduction of miR398-mediated silencing. Repressed by sucrose in a miR398-mediated silencing-dependent manner. Induced by salt stress
By fungal elicitor (PubMed:7866024). Induced by the bacterial pathogens Pseudomonas syringae pv pisi and Xanthomonas campestris pv alfalfae (PubMed:8274775)
By transcription factor GATA-1 during erythroid differentiation and in vitro, by DMSO during terminal erythroid maturation. Induced during cell erythroid differentiation (PubMed:20427704)
Up-regulated by BMP4 (at protein level). Up-regulated in mesenchymal stem cells undergoing chondrogenic differentiation and by BMP4
By magnesium and calcium starvation, via the transcriptional regulator PhoP
By TGF-beta. Expression is also induced by a high fat diet
Expression is increased at higher temperature (37 degrees Celsius) (PubMed:18791067)
Up-regulated by serum (at protein level) (PubMed:26089203). Up-regulated by fibroblast growth factor FGF7 (PubMed:8798685). Expressed in keratinocyte growth factor-stimulated cells but not in EGF and IL1-beta-treated keratinocytes (PubMed:8798685). Up-regulated with progression from noninvasive to invasive melanoma (PubMed:23116066)
Down-regulated by auxin treatment
Transcription is induced at high salt concentrations. Forms part of an operon with ablA
Expression is dependent on sigma G, and to a much lesser extent on sigma F
Repressed by miR165 and miR166
Induced upon growth on poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) or poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) as the sole carbon source
Induced by trehalose-6-phosphate. Repressed by TreR
Detected early after abscisic acid (ABA) treatment or after dehydration and high-salt stresses. Induced by UV treatment. Up-regulated by methyl jasmonate and herbivory
Down-regulated by TLR ligands, including bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), in bone marrow-derived macrophages
Its expression is regulated by HNF4A
Expression is induced in spores
Expressed at both exponential and stationary phases
Expression is sigma D-dependent. Negatively regulated by ComK
By wounding; increased levels are observed in hematopoietic cells 48 hours after wounding (PubMed:30609079). Following wounding, repressed by infection with S.aureus (PubMed:30609079). Isoform 1: By lipopolysaccharide and TNF (PubMed:28705375). Isoform 2: By lipopolysaccharide and TNF (PubMed:28705375)
Expressed during infection
Autorepresses its operon (higB1-higA1-MT2006)
Expression peaks in cell cycle G1
Down-regulated following RA treatment. Up-regulated in parthenogenetic embryos
Up-regulated during myoblast differentiation into myotubes
Induced in iron-deplete conditions (at protein level) (PubMed:25733668). Repressed in iron-replete conditions by transcriptional repressor fep1 (PubMed:25733668)
At or soon after the onset of mitosis
Strongly up-regulated in spleen and kidney in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
Up-regulated by growth hormone treatment and down-regulated by fasting
Expressed in light grown cells, strongly repressed post-transcriptionally by UV-C light, repressed by H(2)O(2) and SeO(3) but not by SeO(4) (PubMed:15225304). Strongly expressed in dark-grown cells, induced in light-grown cells by glucose, repressed at 20 degrees Celsius (PubMed:16840531). Not induced following UV light exposure between 150 and 600 J/m(2), suggesting it does not respond to DNA damage (PubMed:15225304). Despite changes in transcript levels, protein levels are constant under light-dark regimes, anaerobic growth and in presence of glucose (at protein level) (PubMed:21642463)
Negatively controlled by the level of physiologically active gibberellin. Not regulated by auxin. Up-regulated by paclobutrazol
By all-trans-retinoic acid and synthetic retinoids
Repressed by limF
By retinoic acid and IL-6
During sporulation under control of sigma-F factor
Overexpressed in various tumors, such as multiple myeloma, colorectal and prostate cancers (at protein level)
Repressed by herbicides such as flufenacet and benfuresate (PubMed:12916765). Down-regulated by darkness and low temperature (PubMed:18465198)
Unlike the aerobic pathway, the anaerobic pathway is not strongly repressed by FadR regulatory protein
Expression is repressed by ATF3 (PubMed:11916968). Expression is regulated by glucocortinoids and insulin (PubMed:16100117). Up-regulated in CD8(+) memory T-cells (PubMed:29230018)
Total RuBisCO activity (both chromosome and plasmid-derived enzyme) is high under lithoautotrophic growth conditions, intermediate when grown on fructose and poor when grown on pyruvate
Up-regulated during B-cell maturation in the bone marrow, and is expressed in mature recirculating B-cells in bone marrow, spleen and lymph nodes (PubMed:19597478). Up-regulated in B-cells after BCR and CD40 engagement (PubMed:19597478). Down-regulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in astrocytes (PubMed:27166278). Expression is directly down-regulated by BCL6 (PubMed:25176650)
Induced by phosphate limitation, via the PhoR/PhoB two-component regulatory system. Repressed by PhoU under conditions of phosphate excess
Induced during biofilm formation and by fluconazole and micafungin. Expression is also regulated by RCK2
Expressed during syntrophic growth with butyrate (at protein level). Seems to be constitutively expressed
Up-regulated during the G to S phase transition
Accumulates upon root colonization by Myrmica ants (Myrmica sabuleti and Myrmica scabrinodis) concomitantly with jasmonates induction; this leads to the production of carvacrol, an attractant for the phytophagous-predaceous butterfly Maculinea arion, whose larvae initially feed on Origanum vulgare flowerheads before switching to parasitize Myrmica ant colonies for their main period of growth (PubMed:26156773). Slightly repressed by Spodoptera littoralis, an herbivory insect (PubMed:30231481)
Submicromolar concentrations of NO induce anaerobic expression. Repressed by oxygen in the presence of NO
Up-regulated after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation (PubMed:23609450, PubMed:23610393). Up-regulated in LPS-tolerized macrophage by LPS (PubMed:23609450, PubMed:23610393). Up-regulated synergistically by pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF and IFNG (PubMed:19014335). Up-regulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines IL1B and IFNB1 (PubMed:19014335). Up-regulated by progesterone and at the time of the embryo implantation (PubMed:14500577). Expression is activated by IRF1 in neurons in response to flavivirus infection in neurons (PubMed:30635240)
Strongly up-regulated in brown adipose tissue in conditions of brown fat recruitment, such as cold stress, perinatal development and after diet-induced thermogenesis. A synergistic action of both catecholamines and glucocorticoids is required for the induction
In macrophages by LPS, IL1B and IL6 (PubMed:21346191). By IL6/STAT3 signaling in T-helper Th17 cells (PubMed:24782182, PubMed:29244194)
Induced by PGC1alpha in a number of specific cell types including heart, kidney and muscle
By IFNG/IFN-gamma and IFNB1/IFN-beta (PubMed:18025219). Up-regulated upon infection by T.gondii or L.monocytogenes (PubMed:18025219). Up-regulated in response to influenza virus A infection (PubMed:33408175)
By abscisic acid (ABA), wounding, and drought and salt stresses. Down-regulated by cold stress
By insulin (PubMed:9268630). Expressed at high levels when nuclear SREBP levels are high as a result of sterol deprivation (PubMed:16399501)
Repressed by RcnR. Induced by nickel and cobalt
Up-regulated by FOXO1. Expressed in a circadian manner in the liver
Positively regulated by LEC1. Up-regulated by jasmomic acid (JA)
Up-regulated transiently during myeloid differentiation in various cells lines, such as HL-60, U-937, K-562, induced by either phorbol ester (TPA) or retinoic acid
By virus infection. Up-regulated during the later stages of ripening
Expression levels increase 24 hours following blood feeding. Peak peroxidase activity is reached at 36-48 hours after a blood meal
Induced by fasting and repressed by refeeding
Increased in lung cancers during the process of tumor progression
By injury of the body wall
Down-regulated in differentiating U-937 leukemia cells
Induced by PAP1
Follow a cyclic expression; during interphase, accumulates gradually following G1, S to reach a critical threshold at the end of G2, which promotes self-activation and triggers onset of mitosis. Induced transiently by TGFB1 at an early phase of TGFB1-mediated apoptosis. Expressed during S-phase in mitogen-stimulated hepatocytes
In seedling leaves, by salt stress
Up-regulated in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and the CA3 region of the hippocampus of the brain in response to postnatal maternal separation or food deprivation and glucocorticoids stimulation in adult animals (PubMed:21969592). Up-regulated in CA1, CA3 and dente gyrus regions of the hippocampus in response to acute social defeat stress or glucocorticoids stimulation (PubMed:25637808)
Up-regulated by abscisic acid and salt stress
Up-regulated by 17-beta-estradiol
Induced by iron starvation
Regulated by peroxisome proliferator (such as Clofibrate), via the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs)
Induced by wounding and ethylene treatments
Transcribed in the yeast form, but expression is increased two to threefold during hyphal induction. Also induced during cell wall regeneration. Up-regulated more than twofold when PMT1 expression is impaired. MSB2 functions not only to secure basal levels of the PMT2 transcripts but is needed also for up-regulation of both transcripts upon PMT1 inhibition
Expression is sigma W-dependent
By glycerol
By transient cerebral ischemia
Expression is increased about 5-fold by ethanol
By salt, mannitol, cold, high temperatures and methyl viologen
Up-regulated by ER stress at the transcript and protein levels, the increase at the protein level is much higher than at the transcript level. This induction is accompanied by increased proteolytic cleavage that releases the N-terminal transcription factor domain. Up-regulated in brain areas undergoing ischemic injury, in neurons, but not astrocytes. Up-regulated by SOX9 during chondrocyte differentiation, possibly through SOX9-induced mild ER stress (PubMed:19767744)
Its expression is glucose-repressible
By heat shock and auxin; by heavy metals like cadmium, silver and copper
Induced by mannitol in roots (PubMed:17508130). Induced by hydrogen peroxide (PubMed:21441406). Induced by dark-to-light transition in roots (PubMed:25256212)
Expression is induced by methanol and glucose
Up-regulated by heat-shock and light at dawn, and down-regulated by the sugars produced by photosynthesis
Induced by ER stress caused by treatment with tunicamycin
In roots by iron deficiency. Repressed by cytokinins. Induced by cold, UV, ethylene (ACC), jasmonic acid (JA), flagellin, and salicylic acid (SA) treatments
Expression is induced by N-acetylglucosamine
By nicotine, omeprazole, phenobarbital, primidone and rifampicin
Increased protein expression in neuronal cells in response to Co(2+) or Fe(2+) ions
Hypothalamic expression is elevated circa 10-fold in ob/ob and db/db mice
Cotranscribed with ptxABCDE (PubMed:8606119). Activated by the two-component regulatory system BvgS/BvgA (PubMed:7592424)
Induced in stalks during infection with G.zeae
Up-regulated in several breast cancer lines, and correlated to cancer progression as a marker of metastatic breast cancer
Induced in the presence of LPC
During stationary phase (at protein level) (PubMed:11168583, PubMed:11375931). Also by cold stress, remains ribosome-associated for the 4 hours tested, then disappears when cells are warmed (at protein level) (PubMed:11375931, PubMed:23420694)
Repressed by YfmP
Up-regulated during cartilage differentiation (PubMed:26974433)
Induced 4- to 8-fold in the presence of toluene; this is controlled by TtgX, a possible efflux pump global regulator. Induced by chloramphenicol and probably by tetracycline
Up-regulated by bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), in some cancer cells such as promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60) or myelomonocytic leukemia cells (U-937)
Up-regulated by serum (at protein level). Up-regulated by serum. Up-regulated weakly in brown adipose tissue by exposure of animals to cold
Rapidly induced after both compatible and incompatible pathogen inoculations (e.g. Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato). Weakly and transiently induced in response to wounding, salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA)
Down-regulated in endometrial and colorectal tumor samples
Is constitutively expressed in very small amounts in E.coli
Up-regulated in plasma in response to infection with S.cerevisiae and M.luteus
Constitutively expressed. Expression is not regulated by iron unlike the LSO1 paralog
Accumulates in response to wounding, methyl jasmonate (meJA) and infection by Spodoptera exigua (beet armyworm), a lepidopteran herbivory. Also induced by lepidopteran oral secretions
Expression is induced upon exposure to a wide range of unrelated cytotoxic compounds, including ethidium bromide, ketoconazole, cycloheximide, fluconazole, griseofulvin, imazalil, itraconazole or amphotericin B
Up-regulated by cannabidiol
Up-regulated by TGF-beta and estrogens. Down-regulated by 1,25-dihdroxyvitamin D3 and parathyroid hormone
By heat shock. Activated up to a temperature of 40 degrees Celsius, after which levels decrease
Up-regulated upon serum deprivation (PubMed:16940153). Up-regulated by N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamode/4-HPR (PubMed:20628055). Up-regulated upon DNA damage, in a p53/TP53-dependent manner, resulting in increased levels of sphingosine and sphingosine-1-phosphate (at protein level) (PubMed:26943039, PubMed:28294157, PubMed:29229990)
Autoregulated. Up-regulated by amoxicillin
Induced by NaCl, KCl and sorbitol in a ABA-dependent but SOS signaling-independent manner. Also induced by abscisic acid (ABA)
Up-regulated by DNA damaging agents like H(2)O(2) or ionizing radiation (IR)
Expressed in mid-log phase cells and in gamma-interferon stimulated, mouse macrophage-like cell line J774
By ethylene and auxin (PubMed:14754915). Induced by submergence, ethylene and gibberellin (PubMed:15020633)
Induced by heat in roots
Expression of the botcinic acid clusters genes is coregulated by BCG1 during both in vitro and in planta growth
Up-regulated in response to mitochondrial stress induced by antimycin A
Up-regulated in response to Sendai virus (SeV) infection
Expressed periodically during cell division with a peak during M phase
Up-regulated during neuronal differentiation by retinoic acid. Down regulated by high NaCl or urea (PubMed:18667693)
Up-regulated by traumatic brain injury and hydrogen peroxide (at protein level)
Down-regulated in omental and subcutaneous fat of obese subjects
By exogenous sucrose in roots. Induced by sucrose depletion
Induced by biotic elicitors (e.g. fungal chitin oligosaccharide and fungal cerebroside elicitors) and pathogen infection (e.g. the compatible pathogenic fungus M.grisea race 007, M.grisea crabgrass BR29). Accumulates in response to M.oryzae (By similarity). Triggered by defense signaling molecules, such as salicylic acid (SA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), 1-aminocyclo-propane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), wounding and pathogen infection (e.g. X.oryzae) (PubMed:16919842). Repressed by gibberellic acid (GA) (at protein level) (PubMed:15047897). Induced by abscisic acid (ABA) in aleurone cells, roots and leaves (PubMed:25110688). Accumulates in response to uniconazole, a GA biosynthesis inhibitor. Triggered strongly by cold in leaves, stems and developing spikes, but moderately by drought and salt stresses (By similarity)
Degradation of tRNA(fMet) is induced by chloramphenicol treatment, suggesting the antitoxin is unstable
Expression is significantly repressed by azithromycin in a time- and dose-dependent manner (PubMed:28579350). Expression is also affected by clarithromycin or erythromycin, but not by josamycin or oleandmycin (PubMed:28579350)
Rapid and transient induction by biotic and abiotic stresses. Not induced by H(2)O(2)
Down-regulated by vitamin D
Part of the dgoRKADT operon, which encodes proteins for the metabolism of D-galactonate (PubMed:211976, PubMed:30455279). Negatively autoregulated (PubMed:30455279)
Up-regulated in neutrophils and macrophages in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and inflammatory stimuly
Up-regulated by BMP2 and BMP7. Down-regulated by FGF4 and SHH
FUS1 remains essentially unexpressed in vegetative cells, but is strongly induced by incubation of haploid cells with the appropriate mating pheromone
By infection with Cladosporium fulvum
Aleurain is synthesized by the aleurone cells stimulated by gibberellic or abscisic acid
Expression is down-regulated by DAZL protein, which binds to 3'UTR of Tex19.1 mRNAs and probably represses its translation
By parathyroid hormone (PTH) in osteoblasts (at protein level)
Expression is dependent on the alternate sigma factor, RpoN (PubMed:2404948). Repressed by hydroxyurea
Induced during starvation conditions
Circadian-regulation with a peak in the middle of the morning. Induced by nitrate and sucrose in roots. Down-regulated by glutamine, gluatamate, asparagine and aspartate in roots
Up-regulated in endothelial cells of muscles after hind limb ischemic surgery
Repressed by cysteine
Induced by abscisic acid (ABA) and hydrogen peroxide
By nodal/nr-1 signaling and wnt8 signaling including the downstream effectors mix-A/mix.1 and siamois acting synergistically with either lhx1/lim1 or otx2. Also by acvr1b/alk4
Expressed in conidia an all stages of infection
Expression is controlled by light and by a circadian clock (PubMed:8499615, PubMed:26941088). Transcripts accumulate progressively during the day and fade out during the night, however, mRNA stability is enhanced during the night. Low levels during the day, accumulates during the night (at protein level). Rapidly degraded upon illumination (at protein level); this degradation coincides with the release of the LFNR from the thylakoid membrane (PubMed:26941088)
By several factors in addition of internal pH
By TNF and other pro-inflammatory factors
High levels during senescence (e.g. age-, salt- and dark-related) (PubMed:19229035, PubMed:20113437, PubMed:21511905, PubMed:22930749). By salt stress in an ethylene- and auxin-dependent manner (PubMed:16359384, PubMed:19608714, PubMed:20113437, PubMed:20404534). Induced by H(2)O(2) (PubMed:20404534). Accumulates in response to abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene (ACC) and auxin (NAA) (PubMed:16359384, PubMed:19608714). Repressed by high auxin (IAA) levels (PubMed:21511905). Age-related resistance (ARR)-associated accumulation (PubMed:19694953). Repressed by miR164 (PubMed:19229035)
Strongly up-regulated in roots after exposure to salt and osmotic stresses (PubMed:24908511). Induced in roots by benzylaminopurine (BAP), abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA) (PubMed:22996334). Accumulates in shoots upon heat (e.g. 42 degrees Celsius) (PubMed:22996334). Repressed in roots by NaCl, jasmonic acid (JA), gibberellic acid (GA) and auxin (IAA) (PubMed:22996334). Accumulates in most hypodermal and some endodermal roots cells under stagnant deoxygenated conditions leading to hypoxia (PubMed:25041515)
Strongly expressed under conditions of alkaline pH but not expressed at any pH below 5.5
Down-regulated upon macrophage stimulation with LPS
Up-regulated by fluoroacetate. Not detectable in the absence of fluoroacetate, or when cells are grown on Luria broth
By light (including both red and white lights) (PubMed:17208962, PubMed:17587690). Levels follow a circadian and diurnal rhythm, with a peak at 20 hours, thus preempting dawn (PubMed:17208962). Activated by gibberellic acid (GA) (PubMed:20844019). Induced by cytokinin and derivatives (e.g. benzyladenine, t-Zeatin and 6-benzylaminopurine) in light conditions (PubMed:16212609, PubMed:17587690, PubMed:21453984, PubMed:22811435). Triggered by nitrate (PubMed:16262716). Negatively regulated by AP3/PI (PubMed:18417639). Strong accumulation during cold imbibition of nondormant seeds, but not at warm temperatures. Regulated by PIF transcription factors (PubMed:20844019). Repressed by HAN (PubMed:23335616). Inhibited by SOC1 (PubMed:23739688). Down-regulated by auxin (2,4D) and auxin response factors (e.g. ARF2 and ARF7) (PubMed:23878229)
Up-regulated by adenine, via the adenine-dependent riboswitch
By dhama/boz downstream of canonical wnt-signaling
By easily metabolized forms of nitrogen, including ammonia, nitrate and amino acids, and by glucose
By jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, hydrogen peroxide, copper and by the protein phosphatases cantharidin, endothall and okadaic acid in light-grown seedling leaves. By incompatible rice blast fungus M.grisea. Not induced by red (R) light or abrasion in dark-grown seedlings
Its expression is highly regulated and responds rapidly to nitrate induction and to nitrogen repression
By salt treatment. Down-regulated by cold
Up-regulated by IL4/interleukin-4 (at protein level)
Expressed preferentially under carbon starvation
Transcript is detected only in the apical cells of hyphae, suggesting that HGC1 is transcribed in the apical cell. Induced during hyphal formation and upon exposure to host serum. Expression is regulated by the cAMP/PKA pathway, EFG1, FLO8, SSN6, RAD52, TUP1, and UME6. Repressed by farnesol and linalool
By dvr1/vg1, activin and t/bra in the mesoderm. By heteromeric AP-1 (fos/jun) during activin signaling. By increases in Ca(2+) in the dorsal ectoderm, triggered by planar signals from the mesoderm. Suppressed by bmp-signaling. By pbx1 and meis1. By zic1, zic2 and zic3 but not zic5
Expression up-regulated in animals exposed to the Gram-negative bacterium P.aeruginosa PAO1 for two generations
Induced by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) (PubMed:20565618, PubMed:28559313). Induced by infection with the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola (PubMed:20565618, PubMed:15098125). Induced by wounding (PubMed:17544464, PubMed:28760569). Induced by infection with the fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea (PubMed:28760569, PubMed:28559313). Induced by infestation with the caterpillar Mamestra brassicae (PubMed:28559313)
Up-regulated by nitrogen deficiency
By chitin oligosaccharide elicitor and jasmonic acid (MeJA)
Induced by D-galactarate, D-glucarate and D-glycerate
Repressed by the toxin-antitoxin module MqsR-MqsA
By cold in leaves. Highly induced by Ca(2+) and at low levels by Na(+) and Ni(2+)
Highest expression in cells grown on galactose. Glucose or glycerol, alone or in combination with galactose, gives an intermediate level of expression and peptone-containing media gives very low levels of expression
By UV radiation, X-rays, growth arrest and alkylating agents. The induction is mediate by some kinase(s) other than PKC
Expressed in dark and light. Part of the bphO-bphP operon (PubMed:27621284)
By Notch signaling in the pronephros
Expression is repressed by MACROD1
Expression reaches reached its maximum level before ochratoxin A accumulation reaches its highest level (PubMed:27959549). Expression is positively regulated by the ochratoxin cluster transcription factor otaR1, probably via its binding to the conserved 5'-ACGT-3' bZIP binding motifs found in multiple copies (3 to 4) in the promoters of the OTA biosynthetic genes (PubMed:35143724). Expression is induced by sucrose, glucose or arabinose which repress the gal4 transcription factor, a negative regulator of the ochratoxin gene cluster (PubMed:36006213)
By osmotic stress (at protein level)
Expression is positively regulated by the transcription factor PHO4 (PubMed:24114876). Induced during early phase of biofilm formation (PubMed:16151249)
Circadian-regulation with peak levels occurring late afternoon (e.g. 3 to 7 pm) (PubMed:22649270). Repressed by ethylene, especially in senescing flowers (PubMed:22771854)
Up-regulated in differentiating Th2 cells and down-regulated in Th1 cells
Induced locally in roots by the nonpathogenic, root-colonizing rhizobacterium P.fluorescens WCS417r
The dps-DNA complex accumulates during stationary phase and under nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphate stress, but not under iron limitation
By lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in white blood cells, liver and spleen 3 hours after treatment. Decreases to basal levels 8 hours after treatment. By primary infection with E.acervulina and E.tenella
By ethylene. By indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and cycloheximide (CHX)
Expression is regulated by the nitrogen status (PubMed:8843440). May be regulated through the NRI/NRII two-component regulatory system (PubMed:8843440)
Expression is higher at 32 degrees Celsius than at 17 degrees Celsius
Expression is up-regulated by fluconazole and during biofilm formation (PubMed:24645630). Expression is also induced by oxidative stress caused by the antifungal drug, benomyl (PubMed:18627600). Expression is regulated by the regulator of proteasome expression RPN4 (PubMed:18627600, PubMed:29648590). Transcriptionally autoregulated through a pleiotropic drug response elements (PDRE) within its own promoter (PubMed:21131438, PubMed:29363861). Expression is also up-regulated by clorgyline, an inhibitor of azole transporters (PubMed:28700656). Expression is negatively regulated by the J protein JJJ1 (PubMed:29507891)
Form II RuBisCO is expressed in the presence of form I, when grown in air with or without 5% CO(2), although it is not the major activity. When the form I gene is disrupted the RuBisCO form II activity increases, but is not found in carboxysomes (at protein level)
Up-regulated in myometrium upon progesterone treatment
By retinoic acid and phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)
By heat shock and treatment with the HSP90 inhibitor 17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17AAG)
Induced by IFNB1
Induced by salt stress (PubMed:11351099). Induced by phenanthrene (PubMed:27637093). Down-regulated by UV-B (PubMed:17587374). Induced by wounding (PubMed:28760569). Induced by the infection with the fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea (PubMed:28760569, PubMed:28559313). Induced by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) (PubMed:28559313). Induced by infestation with the caterpillar Mamestra brassicae (PubMed:28559313)
Induced anaerobically and by nitrogen limitation. Repressed by AllR
Activity is repressed 4-fold by lysine
By fatty acids, specifically palmitate, docosahexanoic acid and oleate
Induced at the early stage of hepatocellular carcinoma and is suppressed at later stages
Induced in CD4(+) T-cell in response to T-cell receptor (TCR) and CD28 stimulation (at protein level) (PubMed:31636135). Induced in B2-cells by IgM antibodies or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation (PubMed:32862441)
Up-regulated by inflammatory stimulus (LPS)
By chloramphenicol
Expression is suppressed by androgens in the androgen-sensitive LNCaP cell line
By activin A in 12 dpc dental epithelium
Induced in response to sulfur deprivation
Isoform 1 but not isoform 2 is activated by BCR cross-linking in primary B-cells
Constitutively expressed in embryos
Induced by iron supply
Up-regulated in the entire small intestine by low-phosphate diet. Up-regulated by metabolic acidosis
By heat shock under nitrogen-fixing growth conditions. Induced within 5 to 15 minutes of the start of heat stress, levels peak after 1 hour and expression continues throughout the period of heat stress. Repressed by heat stress under nitrogen-supplemented growth conditions
Induced by light, especially after dark adaptation. Induced by both red light (660 nm) and blue light (470 nm) in dark-adapted plants in a cryptochrome-dependent manner (i.e. requiring CRY1 and CRY2). Induced after three days of imbibition. Promoter specificity is modified by phosphorylation of Thr-170. Suppressed in response to infection with the necrotrophic bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae
Is not induced in the presence of scyllo-inositol or myo-inositol
In stationary phase (PubMed:11987133); under control of SigD (PubMed:7581999)
By response to the carbon source
Induced by biotic elicitors (e.g. fungal chitin oligosaccharide). Accumulates in response to M.oryzae
In F9 cells, by retinoic acid (at protein level)
By FGF-signaling. By snai1/snail. By zic1, zic2, zic3 and zic5
Highly expressed in germinated conidia. Expression is induced by tunicamycin and DTT
LRAT activity is up-regulated by dietary vitamin A (By similarity). Under conditions of vitamin A depletion, LRAT expression in the liver is induced by retinoic acid
By light, wounding, infection, exposure to xenobiotics and fungal elicitor (Probable). Induced by magnesium chloride, aminopyrine, phenobarbital and clofibrate (at protein level) (PubMed:12223655)
Repressed by the transcription factor OSH1 during anther development (PubMed:29915329). Reduction of auxin levels at late stage of anther development, after meiosis of microspore mother cells, is necessary for normal anther dehiscence and seed setting (PubMed:29915329)
Transcription is activated at hour 4 of sporulation, requires sigma-K and is repressed by GerE. Maximal expression depends on SpoIIID
Androgen dependent. Down-regulated in Sertoli cell-selective androgen receptor knockout mice
In response to mechanical perturbations such as wind or touch. Induced by auxin and brassinolide
Alpha-1-AGP is synthesized in the liver, the synthesis being controlled by glucocorticoids, interleukin-1 and interleukin-6, it increases 5- to 50-fold upon inflammation
In CD4(+) T-cells, mRNA expression is induced 2h after CD3E plus CD28 stimulation, then subsides and remains low between 24 and 72h post-activation
Transiently induced during germination
By forskolin (at protein level). By thyrotropin
Transcriptionally regulated by CRX
Down-regulated by trans-zeatin
By 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and by 3-methylcholanthrene (3MC)
Up-regulated in mammary gland during lactation
Positively autoregulates, probably directly, expressed at a relatively high level throughout exponential growth and during stationary phase. Expression decreases during O(2) depletion (hypoxia) (PubMed:15375142) and after heat shock (5-fold, 45 degrees Celsius) (PubMed:10027986)
Induced by exposure to long days
By high temperatures
Up-regulated by oxygenation and stationary phase
By MazG
Circadian-regulation with the lowest levels at the end of the dark period
Up-regulated during germinal center formation
Induced by cold stress, salt stress, osmotic stress, hydrogen peroxide, abscisic acid and jasmonate
The expression gradually decreases as growth progresses
Induced by cold (PubMed:12012245, PubMed:12036102, PubMed:22994594). Induced by drought and salt stresses, heat shock, hydrogen peroxide and methyl viologen (PubMed:22994594). Down-regulated under oxygen deprivation (PubMed:10767423)
By wounding and methyl jasmonate in leaves
Constitutively expressed in healthy plants but repressed in response to infection by necrotrophic fungi (PubMed:15923348). Repressed by drought and abscisic acid (ABA) (PubMed:19175769)
Expressed constitutively. Up-regulated by abiotic stress and abscisic acid
Induced by salt stress in roots (PubMed:27118216). Induced by heat shock, drought stress and abscisic acid (ABA) (PubMed:27118216)
Activated by depletion of mitochondrial DNA
Expression is up-regulated in response to terbinafine
Strongly expressed when cells are grown in ambient air but non-detectable when cultured in air enriched with CO(2). Up-regulated by MNL1, HAP43, RCA1, and during early stages of biofilm development
Up-regulated in cultured astrocytes in response to hypoxia; levels remain elevated for at least 4 hours after return to normoxia. Up-regulated in ischemic brain
In response to both anaerobic and osmotic stress. Expression seems to be under the control of YIG1
Transcription of pcrA occurs only under anaerobic (per)chlorate-reducing conditions. The presence of oxygen completely inhibits pcrA expression regardless of the presence of perchlorate, chlorate, or nitrate
In culture expression is high during early log phase (1 hour), decreases and then rises again in late stationary phase (16 hours). During infection of mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) expression is maximal after 1 hour, when the bacteria is expected to be in the phagosome
Induced by fructoselysine. Makes part of the frl operon with FrlB, FrlC, FrlD and FrlR
Levels of rat CPLA2 are increased in dentate granule cells during ischemia
Down-regulated by nerve injury
Expression is induced in the stationary phase, when melanin synthesis occurs (PubMed:9571787). Expression is specifically induced during appressorium formation (PubMed:15378734)
Induced around the genome segregation and cell division stages. Down-regulated after UV irradiation, indicating division inhibition in response to DNA damage
In adults, up-regulated between 0 and 3 hours after bacterial infection and fungal infection (PubMed:12408809). Then appears to be down-regulated in the hemolymph between 3 and 17 hours after bacterial infection (PubMed:12456640, PubMed:16322759)
Up-regulated in response to MYC, in alveolar macrophages from coal miners and in silica particle-treated A549 lung cancer cells
Induced in shoots by drought in roots by abscisic acid (ABA), and both in roots and shoot by salt stress
Produced in absence of stress: this uORF is translated, thereby preventing translation of downstream ORF, the stress effector DDIT3/CHOP (PubMed:21285359). This uORF is not translated in response to stress (PubMed:21285359)
Repressed by MhqR. Induced by thiol specific stress conditions, such as exposure to 2-methylhydroquinone (2-MHQ), catechol or diamide. Not induced by oxidative stress due to hydrogen peroxide or methylglyoxal
Strongly down-regulated in various cancers such as hepatocarcinomas
Transcribed during vegetative growth, drops off after entry into stationary phase and the onset of sporulation. Transcription rises again 70-80 minutes after germination
Down-regulated by endotoxins (LPS) or cytokines (TNF and IL-1) in J774 macrophages. The down-regulation by endotoxin in macrophages is not likely to be mediated by the liver X receptor/retinoic X receptor (LXR/RXR)
By IL13/interleukin-13 in tracheobronchial epithelial cells. Up-regulated by histamine in a dose-dependent manner. Significantly down-regulated in colorectal cancer. Significantly up-regulated in the IL9-responsive mucus-producing epithelium of asthmatic patients. Significantly decreased in nasal polyp. Significantly increased by TNF in upper airway mucosa
By selenite or tellurite. Maximal expression was detected at concentrations of 10.0 and 0.5 micrograms/ml for sodium selenite and sodium tellurite, respectively
By PPARGC1A, PPARGC1B, ESRRA, ESRRB and ESRRG
Down-regulated in neutrophils after treatment with LPS and TNF
Highly up-regulated in the injured spinal cord
Leucine and 4-methyl-2-oxopentanate (MOA) increase the expression 3.1- and 4.5-fold, respectively, whereas leucate represses the expression
Induced during growth on methylamine
Production by pancreatic and inestinal L cells is increased by exercise in an IL6-dependent manner (PubMed:22037645). High-fat diet increases pancreatic content (PubMed:22037645)
In contrast to other major heat shock proteins, this one is also expressed at normal growth temperatures. Levels increase only slightly after heat shock
Induced at low environmental pH. Part of the speFL-speF-potE operon
By polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)
Up-regulated by auxin and cytokinin
Up-regulated in CACNA1C knockout mice
By IL-18
Slightly repressed by Spodoptera littoralis, an herbivory insect
By cold: up-regulated in response to cold both in brown and beige fat cells
Expression is reduced in biofilms and is repressed by a high salt concentration
By stress. Experimentally, by yeast extract and elicitor from P.megasperma
Induced by ofloxacin stress
Induced within 6 to 12 hours after mates contact
By ammonium supply under nitrogen-limited condition. Induced by sucrose, glucose, fructose, and during leaf senescence
Induced when grown in high light conditions (PubMed:19939944, PubMed:31316533). Highly expressed in response to Pseudomonas syringae treatment (PubMed:15722468)
Induced by androgens and suppressed by estrogens. The expression is under the influence of pituitary growth hormone and thyroid hormone. Is regulated by progesterone in the uterus
By fasting, glucocorticoids and diabetes in the liver in a PPARGC1A-dependent manner. Up-regulated during differentiation of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes
Following exposure to endotoxin (at protein level)
Up-regulated under drought, salt stress and cold conditions. Induced by abscisic acid (ABA) treatment in roots and shoots but not in guard cells
Down-regulated following infection with hepatis C virus which results in impaired triacylglycerol lipolysis and impaired assembly of very low density lipoproteins. This may represent a cellular adaptation to infection that is aimed at limiting viral production
Induced in presence of sodium ions and high pH, a combination of these conditions has a synergistic effect (PubMed:17556514, PubMed:19757095). It is unclear if potassium ions positively influence the expression level (PubMed:17556514, PubMed:19757095)
Induced by drought stress, salt stress and abscisic acid (ABA)
Induced by salt stress (PubMed:18813954, PubMed:20632034). Induced by dehydration, cold stress and methyl jasmonate (PubMed:20632034)
Is under the control of the positive transcriptional regulator MdeR. Forms part of an operon with mdeB
During starvation and plant infection
Up-regulated by the antioxidant dithiolethione (D3T) in liver, lung and small intestine (at protein level)
Expression is under the control of atf1 and mbx1 via the putative cAMP-responsive element (CRE) sequence TTACAGTAA and the RLM1-binding sequence GTATATATAG in the promoter region
Induced by arabinose (PubMed:6282256, PubMed:6319708). Transcription is dependent on the transcription factor AraC, the cAMP receptor protein (CRP) and cAMP (PubMed:6319708)
Expression controlled by a sigma-Y-regulated promoter which needs the sigma-Y factor for the binding of the RNA polymerase and subsequent transcription
Up-regulated by long-time exposure to alcohol
By bacterial infection, expression significantly increases 6-12 hours post challenge with bacteria
Down-regulated in leaves during infection with Botrytis cinerea
Induced by TGFB1
Expressed in log phase cells (at protein level)
Isoform 2 is up-regulated during adipocyte differentiation (PubMed:25223794). Isoform 2 is up-regulated upon refeeding after a fasting period in liver and in ob/ob mice (obese) (at protein level) (PubMed:20348926). Induced by chemical activators of the unfolded protein response (UPR) such as tunicamycin, DTT and thapsigargin (PubMed:17612490). Up-regulated after partial hepatectomy during the acute phase response (PubMed:10652269). Isoform 1 and isoform 2 are up-regulated by interleukin-4 in B cells in a STAT6-dependent manner (PubMed:12612580). Isoform 1 and isoform 2 are up-regulated during lactation and by the lactogenic hormone prolactin (PubMed:23623498). Isoform 2 is up-regulated by prolonged feeding of high-carbohydrate diets in hepatocytes in absence of ER-stress (PubMed:18556558). Isoform 2 is up-regulated by insulin-like growth factor and glucose starvation (PubMed:17612490). Isoform 2 is up-regulated during plasma-cell differentiation in response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (PubMed:11780124, PubMed:11850408, PubMed:12612580)
Up-regulated by testosterone. Levels are very low in castrated male rats
Expression is insensitive to carbon catabolite repression, but highly sensitive to nitrogen catabolite repression (PubMed:8462696). Its expression is induced by allophanate or oxalurate (PubMed:3915539)
Up-regulated by T cell activation (PubMed:15634918). Up-regulated in keratinocytes in response to wounding (PubMed:27182009). Up-regulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in a p38 MAPK- and ERK-dependent manner (at protein level) (PubMed:15187101, PubMed:16508015). Up-regulated strongly during epidermal repair after wounding in keratinocytes (PubMed:20166898). Up-regulated strongly by epidermal growth factor (EGF) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) in keratinocytes (PubMed:20166898). Up-regulated moderately by granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF1) in keratinocytes (PubMed:20166898). Up-regulated also by glucocorticoid dexamethasone in keratinocytes (PubMed:20166898). Up-regulated in keratinocytes in response to wounding (PubMed:27182009). Up-regulated by LPS in a p38 MAPK-dependent manner (PubMed:14766228, PubMed:15187101)
Induced in the absence of BepDE
Accumulates in response to cold (PubMed:28412546, PubMed:32396196). Reduced levels upon treatment with geldanamycin (GDA), a Hsp90 inhibitor (PubMed:32396196)
By geranylgeraniol
Up-regulated during myogenic differentiation (PubMed:24361185). Induced during the differentiation of myoblasts into myotubes (PubMed:23746549)
By glutathione, ascorbate and auxin
Regulated by phosphate levels
Up-regulated by drought, salt, abscisic acid (ABA), cold and glucose
By auxin, abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA)
By sugar in excised leaves. By rice blast fungus (M.grisea) 4 hours after infection
Up-regulated by agmatine. Expressed under the control of carbohydrate catabolite repression
Induced by TGF-beta, the up-regulation is immediate and transient
Strongly repressed by glucose. Anaerobic growth of the pfl mutant in the presence of cAMP and L-threonine induced synthesis of TdcE
Expression is controlled by the PDR1 transcription factor and the glucose-responsive transcription factor RGT1
By heat shock at 50 degrees Celsius
Induced by submergence and low oxygen stress
Up-regulated by exposure to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
Up-regulated by p53/TP53 in response to DNA damage and oxidative stress
Expressed is decreased following activation of the Notch pathway by JAG1/Jagged1
Up-regulated in Ant1-deficient mice
Transcription of ptsH appears to be regulated in response to sugars supplied, i.e. is four-fold lower when cells were grown on lactose than when grown on glucose
Up-regulated by exercise, starvation, glucocorticoids, thyroid hormone and epinephrine. Down-regulated by insulin
Down-regulated in neuroblastoma cells
By cholestyramine treatment (PubMed:10051404). Induced upon starvation (PubMed:10051404)
By interferon (IFN) and TNF
Is expressed at very low levels under both aerobic and anaerobic growth conditions
Isoform 3 is expressed de novo. Isoform 4 is up-regulated by TGFB1 during myofibroblast differentiation
Not up-regulated by ethylene
By bacterial infection. E.tarda bacteria causes significant up-regulation in head kidney between 12 hours and 24 hours post-infection and in spleen between 24 hours and 48 hours post-infection
Up-regulated by mannose. Is under the control of ManR. Is subject to carbon catabolite repression (CCR) by glucose. Forms part of an operon with manP and yjdF
By hoxb4 and hoxb5. Down-regulated by hoxb9
Up-regulated upon acid shock and SDS stress
By transcription factors AFT1 and AFT2 upon iron deprivation
Expression is induced during iron starvation (PubMed:15953695, PubMed:17845073)
Constitutively expressed under both trichothecenes mycotoxin production and sexual development conditions (PubMed:23874628)
Down-regulated in leaves by drought stress
In eye, brain, heart, lung, spleen, liver, pancreas and kidney, expression exhibits a circadian rhythm in the presence of light/dark cycles
(Microbial infection) Expression is up-regulated in response to heat-killed V.alginolyticus injection in kidney, hepatopancreas and muscle, with the strongest up-regulation in hemolymph, gill, gonad and lymphoid organ. After M.luteus challenge there is an increase in expression level at 2 (11.3-fold) and 6 hours (18.3-fold) postinjection, with the maximum level at 8 hours (25.4-fold), and then lowering down to the original level at 16 hours postinjection. After V.alginolyticus challenge there is significant increase in expression level at 4, 6 and 8 hours postinjection, with the maximum level at 16 hours (15.7-fold), and then down-regulated at 24 hours postinjection
Slightly induced by treatment with iron in roots (PubMed:22731699). Slightly down-regulated under iron deficiency in roots (PubMed:22731699)
By L-lactate. Induced during respiratory adaptation
Expression is strongly increased in the presence of cycloheximide, imazalil, itraconazole, hygromycin, and 4-nitroquinoline oxide (4-NQO)
By abscisic acid (ABA) in immature siliques
Negatively regulated by EsaB
During aerobic growth, expression depends on the carbon source, with the highest expression on succinate, a median expression on glycerol, and the lowest on glucose. During anaerobic growth, glucose does not inhibit expression
Down-regulated by gibberellin (PubMed:19576768). Up-regulated by zeocin treatment (PubMed:21613568)
By cold in microspores
Induced by copper ions via CsoR
Induced 7-fold when cells are treated with human bactericidal permeability-increasing protein (BPI, AC P17213) (at protein level)
By dehydration stress, wounding, H(2)O(2) and jasmonate, but not by growth regulators
Down-regulated during neural differentiation in neuroblastoma cancer
Upon induction of apoptosis in embryonic stem cells by treatment with dexamethasone, staurosporine or C2-ceramide
Transcriptionally activated by CvfA (By similarity). Up-regulated during anaerobic growth
Induced by exogenous treatment with ascorbate, dehydroascorbate, citrate, sodium chloride and methyl jasmonate in roots (PubMed:17379695). Induced by wounding in roots (PubMed:17379695)
Transiently induced by elicitors from Phytophthora megasperma, salt stress, and sucrose
By water maze training in the hippocampus and in other regions of the brain including the laterodorsal nucleus of the thalamus and the cingulate cortex
Expression is negatively controlled by CodY, which binds to the regulatory regions of vpr, in the vicinity of its transcription start point (PubMed:25666135). Expression is sigma H-dependent (PubMed:25666135)
Repressed by acid stress
By cold, salt, abscisic acid (ABA) and hydrogen peroxide
In leaves by X.campestris pv. vesicatoria, faster during compatible than incompatible interactions. Induced in leaves by treatments with ethylene, methyl jasmonate (MeJA), abscisic acid (ABA), beta-amino-n-butyric acid (BABA), NaCl, mechanical wounding, and low temperature, but not with salicylic acid (SA)
Not expressed at high osmolarity, probably expressed at low osmolarity
Induced upon xylem tracheary elements differentiation
Induced at acidic pH
Highly up-regulated by fetal bovine serum
By high osmolarity and heat
Down-regulated by light in dark-grown etiolated seedlings
No effect of antimycin A. Up-regulated by ethylene, high light, glucose, cysteine, mannitol, salicylic acid and cold treatments
By disease-causing laminin A mutants also inducing CBX5 and CBX1 proteasomal degradation
Induced by salt, osmotic and cold stresses (PubMed:23086454, PubMed:25886365). Induced by abscisic acid (ABA) (PubMed:23086454, PubMed:25886365)
Expression is positively regulated by the cluster-specific transcription factor TSF1 (PubMed:18957608). Expression is induced by the presence of the cluster-specific polyketide synthase PKS1 (PubMed:18957608). Expression is up-regulated during nitrogen starvation (PubMed:18957608)
Up-regulated in nucleus accumbens shell by cocaine administration
Expression is highly increased during spheroplast regeneration
By herpes simplex 1/HHV-1 virus infection
By water deficit, by abscisic acid (ABA) and by salt stress
Induced in the presence of the herbivory P.xylostella larvae (PubMed:14617060). Silenced by miR163 (PubMed:21602291, PubMed:26768601, PubMed:28401908). Down-regulated during seedling deetiolation and seed germination via light-induced silencing mediated by miR163 (PubMed:21602291, PubMed:26768601). Accumulates in etiolated seedlings (PubMed:26768601). Induced by the fungal elicitor alamethicin (PubMed:21602291). Slightly up-regulated by P.syringae. Induced by exogenous salicylic acid (SA) (PubMed:28401908)
Expression is time dependent in biofilms and is controlled by BdcR
Up-regulated by IL31 in dorsal root ganglia
Transcription and translation induced by M.tuberculosis and a number of different M.tuberculosis components; EsxA is the most potent activator tested (at protein level) (PubMed:20148899)
Expression is dependent upon interaction with host roots
Accumulates in response to abscisic acid (ABA), freezing and drought treatments
By methyl jasmonate (meJA)
Transcriptionally up-regulated by Anr in response to Fe(3+) in oxygen-limiting conditions. Stimulated by glycine
By shh
Down-regulated in invasive breast carcinomas (at protein level)
In response to tissue injury
Induced in activated lymphocytes
By toxic xenobiotic compounds (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene and nitroglycerin), and in response to oxidative stress (hydrogen peroxide and paraquat)
Expression is more than fourfold higher in white-phase cells than in opaque-phase cells. Up-regulated by farnesol in biofilm
By nitrogen, salicylic acid, NaCl and abscisic acid (ABA)
Expression is regulated by SKN7, SLN1, and CDC4
By cold, drought and anaerobic stress. By sugar or osmoticum. By anoxia in the roots (at protein level). Up-regulated by NUC/IDD8
Up-regulated in early interactions with pathogenic fingi and down-regulated at late stages of mycorrhiza
Expressed in cell walls of both yeast and hyphae cells. Up-regulated by growth in hypoxic conditions, during cell wall regeneration, by heat stress, as well as by calcineurin, caspofungin, and fluconazole. Expression is also regulated by CAS5, RLM1, and SPF1
By glucocorticoids and glucagon
Transcriptionally regulated by the vraSR two-component system in response to cell wall antibiotics, such as teicoplanin, vancomycin, and oxacillin
Up-regulated during TNF-mediated inflammation and immunity
Constitutively expressed; increases in exponential phase (PubMed:19121005), repressed by H(2)O(2) (PubMed:19121005) (at protein level)
Appears in pancreatic juice after induction of pancreatic inflammation (PubMed:19254208). Induced by IL17A and IL33 during skin inflammation (PubMed:27830702)
Up-regulated following myocardial infarction (MI) (at protein level) (PubMed:26611206)
Up-regulated by a low-phosphate diet
Induced in wild-type cells supplemented with 14:0 fatty acids and repressed when cells are supplied with 16- and 18-carbon fatty acids
Very low induction by mitomycin C and UV irradiation; probably a member of the yhaONM operon
Up-regulated by auxin (IAA), salicylic acid (SA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), hydrogen peroxide, wounding and NaCl
Up-regulated by oxidative stress (OS) at both transcriptional and translational levels
Expression induced by concanavalin-A stimulation. Induced during cell activation but is subsequently maintained at constant levels throughout the cell cycle in exponentially growing cells
Induced by LeuO, a monocistronic operon (PubMed:19429622). Maximally induced in early stationary phase, repressed by H-NS via 2 binding sites in the upstream and coding region; H-NS may bind both regions to form a bridge which then prevents transcription (PubMed:26789284)
Expression is controlled by VirS. Induced at acidic pH and in macrophages. Induced by low levels of nitric oxide (NO), but not by hypoxia
Up-regulated by heat stress, calcineurin, micafungin, and fluconazole. Protein abundance is increased at pH 4 compared to pH 7. Expression is also regulated by RCH1
Induced by salicylic acid (SA) and gibberellic acid (GA) (PubMed:16463103). Triggered by dehydration and salt stress (PubMed:26243618)
Down-regulated on differentiation of CD4+ T-cells in both Th1 and TH2 cells
By acetic acid and ethanol
Induced by P.syringae pv. tomato (PubMed:17899171). Repressed by heat stress (42 degrees Celsius) but induced by low temperature (4 degrees Celsius). Slightly repressed by NaCl (PubMed:20016941)
Induced by nitrate in root cell culture, (PubMed:9430595, PubMed:17148611). In roots, seems induced by nitrogen (N) deprivation (e.g. nitrate free medium) but rapidly repressed by N re-supply (e.g. nitrate, glutamine and ammonium) (PubMed:16021502). Slight repression in shoots during nitrogen (N) deprivation
By bacterial lipopolysaccharide in astrocytes
Follows a diurnal expression pattern; levels increase after dusk, reach a peak before dawn, and damp rapidly thereafter
Expression is regulated by MPS1 MAP kinase, particularly under stress conditions
In the liver, down-regulated in postprandial conditions (PubMed:30389664). Up-regulated at the transcriptional level by CREB3L3 (PubMed:30389664)
Induced by drought and abscisic acid (ABA)
By auxin under light or dark conditions
Induced by salt stress and abscisic acid (ABA) in roots
By acid-shock conditions
Up-regulated in cells resistant to 25-hydroxy cholesterol (25-OHC). Down-regulated in lymphocytes activated by treatment with phytohemagglutinin (PHA)
A member of the dormancy regulon. Induced in response to reduced oxygen tension (hypoxia) and low levels of nitric oxide (NO). It is hoped that this regulon will give insight into the latent, or dormant phase of infection
Induced by amino acid starvation, glucose starvation, the DNA cross-linker mitomycin C (SOS response) and when translation is blocked. Induction is decreased in the absence of the Lon protease suggesting, by homology to other toxin-antitoxin systems, that Lon may degrade the YafN antitoxin. Transcription is negatively regulated by the cognate locus, probably by this protein. A member of the dinB-yafNOP operon; it has 2 promoters, 1 upstream of dinB and 1 specific for yafN-yfaO
Mating pheromone signaling is required for induction
By cold stress (PubMed:15165189)
Mildly induced (5 to 9-fold) by starvation, when grown in a non-replicating state, in the presence of isoniazid, gentamycin or rifampicin
Induced by fluconazole. Expression is regulated by growth phase, temperature, and white-opaque switch
Induced during anaerobic growth and strongly by cold shock
Induced by DNA damage and starvation
Accumulates upon dehydration
By 17-beta-estradiol (E2)
Expression is positively regulated by ACE2. Transcription is greater during growth of the yeast form as compared to the mycelial form, and down-regulated by micafungin treatment
By blue light (PubMed:20872270) and heat shock (at protein level) (PubMed:23238922)
Up-regulated in mantle by challenge of yeast P.pastoris reaching the maximum level at 12 hours post challenge and recovering to the original level at 24 hours post challenge
Induced by chronic metabolic acidosis (CMA)
By retinoic acid (PubMed:11073883). Up-regulated during pregnancy (PubMed:14970202)
Negatively regulated by the microRNA mir-60 (PubMed:27623524, PubMed:29664006). Induced in response to thermal stress in conditions where severe cold temperatures are followed by warmer temperatures (PubMed:29664006)
Expressed with a circadian rhythm showing peaks during the light period. Up-regulated by simulated shade in light-grown plants, in a phytochrome-dependent manner; low red/far-red ratio (R/FR) light, but repressed by a high R/FR light. Rapidly down-regulated after seedling deetiolation
Up-regulated by HMBA (hexamethylene bisacetamide) (at protein level)
Induced by water deficiency
By salt stress, abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA), the ethylene precursor ACC and infection by the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae
Up-regulated 12-fold 7 days after infection of human macrophages
By zinc deficiency in shoots
Constitutively expressed at low level in all tissues
By blue light and abscisic acid (ABA)
Up-regulated by glucocorticoids
Strongly down-regulated in colon by dietary heme, or by dietary depletion of vitamin E. Up-regulated by calcium
After axonal injury
Autoregulated (Probable). Up-regulated in the presence of xylan (PubMed:20937888). Up-regulated in pretreated yellow poplar (PYP)-grown cells (PubMed:24782837)
Expression induced in normal hepatic cells in the presence of actinomycin-D
Expression is regulated by SSN6 and induced during host infection
Up-regulated by TNFRSF11A
Up-regulated by MgrA
Induced by basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)
Down-regulated upon ischemia-reperfusion
By viral infection, upon exposure to double-stranded RNA, or upon treatment with either interferon-gamma or interferon-beta
By the fibroblast growth factor fgf8 in the MHB
Expression is controlled by a type I c-diGMP riboswitch; elevated levels of c-diGMP repress transcription of zmp1
Up-regulated by inflammatory cytokine IL13
Down-regulated by all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)
Up-regulated by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, PAO1 strain and PA14 strain infection. Up-regulated in gcsA null cells devoid of glutathione
Positively regulated by the TT2-TT8-TTG1 complex
Only a leaderless mRNA has been detected in vivo, the first nucleotide is the beginning of the start codon
By PI3K/Akt signaling, or by nutrients such as amino acids, and by high cellular energy levels
By IFNG/IFN-gamma and IFNB1/IFN-beta. Induction by IFNG/IFN-gamma is enhanced by TNF in monocytes, dermal fibroblasts and endothelial cells, and by IL1/interleukin-1 in astrocytes
Expressed during follicle development in the ovary (PubMed:23195281)
Exhibits a circadian rhythm in the retina with peak levels in early subjective night. No circadian rhythm pattern in the pineal gland
Down-regulated by methyl jasmonate (MeJA). No effect of gibberellin A3 (GA3)
Up-regulated in the light and down-regulated in constant darkness
Induced by testis factors and androgens including testosterone
Induced in the hypocotyl of a 4 days-etiolated seedling and reversed by light exposure within 2 hours. Inhibited by dark treatment in 7-days-old seedling, where true leaves are emerged. Repressed by darkness in roots and leaves, but increased ginsenosides accumulation. Triggered by methyl jasmonate (MJ). Repressed transiently by mevinolin (Mev) (PubMed:24569845). Influenced in roots by relative humidity and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and in leaves by rain and soil water potential (PubMed:30577538)
Opaque-specific transcript. Repressed by HAP43 and induced by macrophages
External glucose-6-phosphate induces the expression of the UHP-region
Slightly by cold stress
Expressed only in the forespore compartment of sporulating cells. Disappears after 45 minutes of spore germination. Expression is sigma F and sigma G-dependent
By TNF and bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS)
Transiently down-regulated by auxin. Down-regulated by light
By wounding, locally and systemically, by cold and heat stresses, by jasmonate and by UV-C. Up-regulated during senescence. Seems to not be influenced by UV-A and UV-B. Induced by the explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT)
Up-regulated by bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and thrombin, but not by other inflammatory stimuli in primary umbilical veins
By galacturonate and PGA, and inhibited by EDTA
By downy mildew fungal infection
Strongly induced by inoculation with an avirulent strain of pathogen, but not with a virulent strain. Induced by salicylic acid, ethylene, abscisic acid and drought. Not induced by cold, wounding or H(2)O(2)
Up-regulated by poly(I:C)
Expression is regulated by the XptR regulon. Negatively regulated by hypoxanthine and guanine
By activin, derriere, fgf2/bFGF and wnt8. Repressed by bmp4/dvr-4
Part of the yhjR-bcsQABZC operon (PubMed:19400787, PubMed:24097954), it is expressed about 5-fold higher than bcsQ (when the latter has a restored reading frame) (PubMed:24097954). Expressed in mid-log phase, expression increases dramatically as cells enter stationary phase, the increase is dependent on rpoS (PubMed:24097954)
By agmatine and N-carbamoylputrescine
By sarcosine
By heat shock, and under other conditions of stress, such as increased salt concentration and starvation
Down-regulated by infection with viruses, such as VSV, HSV-1 and MHV68 (PubMed:25417649). Down-regulated by aging (PubMed:26463675)
By IL4
Expressed at a constant level during a 12 hours light:12 hours dark diurnal cycle (at protein level)
Induced in fibroblast KMB17 cells by HSV-1
By oxidative and sulfhydryl-reactive agents
Expression is lower in malignant breast tissue than in normal tissue
Expression is increased in clinical azole-resistant isolates
Overexpressed in senescent human fibroblasts
Up-regulated in massively obese subjects with glucose intolerance, and during adipogenesis
Up-regulated during the course of myogenic differentiation. Down-regulated during osteoblastic differentiation
Induced by jasmonic acid (JA), oxidative chemical stresses (e.g. norflurazon, menadione, paraquat, and antimycin A), and during photosynthetic operation in the light. Also up-regulated by insects such as Pieris rapae in a JA-dependent manner
Repressed by the HTH-type transcriptional regulator CymR
Up-regulated upon methyl jasmonate treatment
Up-regulated upon elicitor treatment (at protein level)
By auxin (IAA)
Expressed only under anaerobic conditions (PubMed:10368146). Anaerobic induction depends mainly on the transcriptional regulator FNR (PubMed:10368146). Nitrate and fumarate cause slight repression and stimulation of expression, respectively (PubMed:10368146). The expression is not subject to glucose repression (PubMed:10368146)
During anaerobic growth
Induced by T-cell receptor signaling in naive CD4-positive T-cells and in splenic and thymic regulatory T-cells (PubMed:30190287). Up-regulated in splenic T reg cells by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis (PubMed:30190287)
Expression is directly regulated by SOX10
Constitutively expressed in the SCN. Little change throughout day under dark/light cycle
Triggered by NAC072/RD26 during senescence
Target of miR172 microRNA mediated cleavage, particularly during floral organ development (Probable). Repressed by SRT1 via epigenetic histone H3K9 acetylation (H3K9ac) regulation (PubMed:27181944)
Transcriptionally regulated by Ikzf1 and Runx2
By bacterial infection (PubMed:17194500). Induced by A.niger alpha-1,3-glucan (PubMed:34443685)
By daf-16
By cadmium (Cd). Induced in roots under sulfur-deficient conditions
The nrgAB operon is activated by TnrA (PubMed:12823818). NrgB is required for full induction of the operon under conditions of ammonium limitation (PubMed:14600241, PubMed:10864496)
Repressed by the ADP-ribose-responsive repressor NrtR
Transient up-regulation at transcript level by nitrate. No induction by growth on low nitrate concentration
Induced by methyl jasmonate
Strong response to the odorant 2-methylphenol when expressed in odorant receptor deficient Drosophila
Down-regulated in the presence of repressive nitrogen sources (glutamine) and derepressed in secondary non-repressive nitrogen sources such as GABA. Highly expressed on cultures with isoleucine, leucine and valine as sole nitrogen source (catabolic conditions)
Shows a dramatic induction in normal epithelial cells contact inhibition
Expressed specifically in daughter cells through activation by the transcription factor ACE2. STE12 represses expression of the full-length transcript and induces expression of the short form. STE12-binding to pheromone response elements (PREs) at positions -175 and -161 prevents SPT15 from binding TATA-box 1 and thus it binds TATA-box 2 at position +385 and directs internal transcription initiation at position +452
Up-regulated by interferon gamma (at protein level). Up-regulated by IRF1
Unstable in unstressed cells but stabilized upon DNA damage. Induced by UV irradiation and other genotoxic agents (adriamycin ADR, cisplatin CDDP, etoposide, IR, roscovitin), thus triggering p53/TP53 apoptotic response. Consistutively negatively regulated by SIAH1 and WSB1 through proteasomal degradation. This negative regulation is impaired upon genotoxic stress. Repressed upon hypoxia (often associated with tumors), through MDM2- (an E3 ubiquitin ligases) mediated proteasomal degradation, thus inactivating p53/TP53 apoptotic response. This hypoxia repression is reversed by zinc. The stabilization mediated by DNA damage requires the damage checkpoint kinases ATM and ATR
Ty1-ML1 is a weakly expressed element. Induced under amino acid starvation conditions by GCN4
Transcription regulation of pcnB is a complex process that involves several factors such as Sigma-70 (rpoD), Sigma-S (rpoS), ppGpp and DksA
By stress conditions, such as higher temperature, EGTA, DTT or tunicamycin (at protein level)
Less protein is secreted in a secG mutant (at protein level)
Down-regulated following DNA damage
Transcription is controlled by CysB (PubMed:26350134). Expression is highly induced by H(2)O(2) (PubMed:25837721, PubMed:20351115). Induced by sulfate (PubMed:26350134). Also slightly induced by exogenous L-cysteine (PubMed:20351115)
Target of TAS1 (trans-acting siRNA precursor 1)-derived small interfering RNAs in response to temperature variations, thus reducing both basal and acquired thermotolerance (PubMed:24728648, PubMed:20622450). Up-regulated by cold (at 4 degrees Celsius) (PubMed:20622450). Repressed by trans-acting small interfering RNA (ta-siRNAs) siR850/siRNA255-mediated transcript cleavage (PubMed:16889646, PubMed:18753245). Highly up-regulated in seedlings exposed to heat shock. Induced by HSFA1s-mediated (e.g. HSFA1A, HSFA1B, and HSFA1D) promoter activation (PubMed:24728648)
Not induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress
By auxin (IAA). Induced by red light, but repressed by far-red light
By ER stress in a DDIT3/CHOP-dependent manner
By androgens in adult male sex accessory glands. Expressed constitutively in pancreas
Up-regulated in nitrogen-sufficient conditions and down-regulated in nitrogen-limiting conditions
Expressed with a circadian rhythm with peak expression at the end of the day
Up-regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues
Only accumulates during exponential growth
Expressed in mid-log phase; not induced by novobiocin
Induced by salicylic acid (SA), correlating with the accumulation of folates
By chemostress caused by the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxypropionic acid (2,4-DCPP) and its metabolites
Down-regulated upon starvation. Induced by albendazole and thiabendazole, which inhibit the GTPase activity of FtsZ and probably septum formation
Is up-regulated during growth on biomass, i.e. when the bacterium is grown on cellobiose, xylan, and various pretreated switchgrass samples
Expression is down-regulated by WT1. Expression is down-regulated by pro-inflammatory stimuli such as TNF or IL1B (PubMed:24722330, PubMed:21063504). Expression is induced by laminar shear stress and statins (PubMed:21063504)
Induced by abscisic acid in aleurone cells (PubMed:15618416). Induced by salicylic acid (SA) and infection with the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae (PubMed:16528562). Induced by cold stress (PubMed:21725029). Down-regulated by drought stress (PubMed:21725029)
Accumulates in response to abiotic stresses such as cold, heat, drought, oxidative stress, genotoxic compounds, wounding, osmotic stress and UV-B (PubMed:21213008). Slightly induced by salt (NaCl) and nickel ions Ni(2+) (PubMed:30483284, PubMed:21213008). Strongly induced by methylglyoxal (MG) (PubMed:31652571)
By pantothenate
Induced 1.9-fold by hydroxyurea
In macrophages, up-regulated by IL4 and by GM-CSF/CSF2 in an IRF4-dependent manner (at protein level) (PubMed:29871928). Up-regulated in response to various Toll-like receptors ligands, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), CpG-oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG), PAM3Cys, poly(I:C) in dendritic cells (PubMed:12615900, PubMed:30277599). Up-regulated by TNF in dendritic cells (PubMed:12615900). In hippocampal neurons, up-regulated by LPS, possibly via a TNF-dependent pathway, but not by CpG nor by poly(I:C) (PubMed:30277599)
Not induced by the DNA damaging agent mitomycin C (PubMed:19210620). Transcription is autorepressed by DinJ or YafQ-(DinJ)2-YafQ via operator 1, repressed by LexA via operator 2 (PubMed:24898247)
Induced by abscisic acid (ABA) (PubMed:21055780, PubMed:18236009, PubMed:22071266). Induced by salt stress. Down-regulated by cold and drought stresses (PubMed:18236009)
Expression is controlled by brlA (PubMed:19850144)
Expression is induced during infection of host leaves, but stays low compared to other NLP effectors
By seasons. Highest levels in the winter time and lowest during the summer (at protein level)
Expressed at low levels at 37 degrees Celsius, barely detectable at 26 degrees Celsius; expression is repressed by hns and partially activated by lrp (PubMed:8890170)
Induced upon nutrient starvation
Induced by L-rhamnose via the RhaR-RhaS regulatory cascade. Binding of the cAMP receptor protein (CRP) is required for full expression (PubMed:10852886, PubMed:8230210). Also induced by L-lyxose (PubMed:1650346)
Induced in roots 7 weeks after inoculation with the arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungus Glomus intraradices
By acid stress. Under acid-stress, this protein is expressed at a higher level in wild-type B.cereus than in the acid-sensitive mutant strain NB1
In contrast to other major heat shock proteins, this one is also expressed at normal growth temperatures. Levels increase only slightly after heat shock and also increase after salt treatment
Induced by salt (NaCl) and water deprivation (PubMed:24606771). Repressed by chilling treatment (PubMed:24606771, PubMed:26307965). Seems to be regulated by several transcription factor genes, including MaERF14, MaDREB1G, MaMYB1R1, MaERF1/39, MabZIP53 and MaMYB22 under salt or cold stresses (PubMed:34512687)
During M phase of cell cycle
Expression is increased in during infection. Expression is also regulated by CDC28, SKO1, and SSK1
Down-regulated in the cornea under pro-inflammatory conditions
Expression regulated by cAMP in a tissue-specific manner. In primary cardiac cells, levels increase by 6-fold, and in GH3 cells, levels decrease 5-6-fold
Induced by pathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000, jasmonate (MeJA), ethylene (ET) and salicylic acid (SA), mainly in shoots
Regulated by the transcription factor APL (AC Q9SAK5)
By nitrogen deprivation in roots and nitrogen supply in leaves
Expression is induced by activation of the Wnt signaling pathway
Expression is induces in response to antifungal activity produced by Lactobacillus plantarum (PubMed:23876797)
Up-regulated by morphine
MCU transcripts are down-regulated by microRNA miR-25 (PubMed:23246404). Down-regulation by miR-25 may protect cardiomyocytes against oxidative damage in cardiomyocytes (PubMed:25764156)
Elevated expression at high pH
Repressed by brassinolide (BL) treatment
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) promotes the binding of SP1 to the CSE promoter, inducing its transcription
Induced by pheromone. Down-regulated by RIM101 and inositol (By similarity)
Not induced by cadmium or zinc treatments
Up-regulated by hypoxia through a HIF1A-mediated mechanism
By serotonin
By genotoxic agents such as cisplatin and camptothecin
Down-regulated by DNA-damaging agents in fibroblasts, by retinoic acid in brain glioma U-251MG and promyelocytic HL-60 cell lines, and by bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)
Induced by exposure to high light (PubMed:10794534, PubMed:29438089, PubMed:30489183). Expression follows circadian diurnal fluctuations with highest levels before and shortly after the light phase (PubMed:10794534)
Up-regulated during nodule development
Expressed only on infection of host cells
Induced by neuronal activity in C4da neurons
Up-regulated by agonists that activate NR1H3 (PubMed:12815040). Up-regulated by a high-carbohydrate diet (PubMed:11441127). Up-regulated by a fat-free, high-carbohydrate diet (PubMed:12815040). Down-regulated by a high-carbohydrate diet enriched in unsaturated fatty acids (PubMed:12815040). Up-regulated by a diet containing high levels of stearate (PubMed:17127673)
Up-regulated by FGF signaling in embryos at mid-gastrulation
Highly expressed during anaerobic growth in the presence of nitrate
Down-regulated during natural and dark-induced leaf senescence
Induced by gibberellin, abscisic acid (ABA), auxin and brassinosteroid
Induced during prophase I of meiosis. Requires protein kinase IME2 for initial expression and continued transcription during meiotic divisions. Can autoactivate its own synthesis
By NFATC3 and JUN cooperation during neuronal apoptosis
Down-regulated by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, PAO1 strain, infection and by phagocytic stimuli but not by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, PA14 strain
Constitutively expressed. Up-regulated by aromatic substrates, the best one being 3-hydroxybenzoate
Bacterial challenge results in nuclear translocation in fat body cells and induction of DNA-binding activity that recognizes a STAT target site. In vitro treatment with pervanadate (vanadate and H(2)O(2)) translocates protein to the nucleus in midgut epithelial cells
Not induced by paraquat, salinity, high light and drought
Part of the flmC-flmA operon; the antisense antitoxin RNA flmB of this system overlaps the ribosome-binding site and first 3 codons of this gene on the opposite strand
Induced by cholesterol and repressed by KtsR
Induced by srfA, during development. Down-regulated in grlA null-cells at 16 hours of starvation. Rapidly up-regulated by hyperosmotic stress, which is dependent on dstC. Shows early transcriptional response to sorbitol exposure
Transcriptionally regulated by ArgR in response to arginine but not lysine showing a tight connection of lysine catabolism to the arginine regulatory network
By stress treatment with salicylic acid and ethephon
By IL6/interleukin-6
Induced during cell well regeneration, by fluconazole, and in high iron conditions. Expression is also induced by TBF1 and repressed by SSK1, and CYR1 or RAS1
Up-regulated during renal ammoniagenesis and urinary ammonium excretion (PubMed:19458124). Up-regulated during acute acidosis (PubMed:24854847). Down-regulated by chronic treatment by insulin in hepatocytes (PubMed:15899884). Up-regulated by acute treatment by insulin (PubMed:15899884)
Induced by bile acids, when grown in the presence of deoxycholate or chenodeoxycholate
Constitutively expressed during exponential growth. Encoded in an operon with ydiP and in a second with groES, groEL, ydiM and ydiN. This second operon is heat-inducible
Induced by zinc. Repressed by SmtB in the absence of zinc
Regulated by muscle activity. Strongly up-regulated after muscle denervation, including that of soleus muscle. Expression is significantly increased 3 days after denervation and reaches a maximum, about 130-fold increase, after 5 days
Expression is up-regulated by exposure to human monocyte-derived immature dendritic cells (PubMed:21264256). Expression is increased in clinical azole-resistant isolates (PubMed:26933209)
Transcriptionally regulated by HmrR in response to Cu(+) ions
Constitutive (at protein level)
Repressed by cold (PubMed:16730464, PubMed:17693452). Repressed by abscisic acid (ABA) (PubMed:17693452)
Induced by thermal stress and osmotic stress (PubMed:9495778). Induced by oxidative stress (PubMed:9974219)
Down-regulated by nucleolar stress through ubiquitin-independent proteasomal degradation (at protein level) (PubMed:24923447). Up-regulated upon mitochondrial stress (at protein level) (PubMed:24556985). Expression of the protein might be regulated by DNA damage but results are not consistent (PubMed:21741933, PubMed:27829214)
Up-regulated during abiotic stress recovery
By peroxides
Induced by malate and by acidification of the cytoplasm
Up-regulated during leaf senescence. By Alternaria brassicae pathogen infection
Expression is up-regulated during internalization in hemocytes and in the presence of hydrogen peroxide stress, but surprisingly, down-regulated upon exposure to acetic acid (PubMed:29184852)
Down-regulated by FapR
By D-galactose and D-fucose
Repressed by darkness, but not by sucrose
Expression is repressed by CDX2
Up-regulated by light, cycloheximide, phosphate starvation, carbon availability and high pH. Down-regulated by phosphate and phosphite. Not under circadian control and not affected by nitrogen supply
Transcriptionally regulated by members of the MAF family
6G-FFT activity is induced by high sucrose under continuous light. Both 6G-fFFT and 1-FFT activities are strongly inhibited by HgCl(2), AgNO(3), p-chloromercuribenzoate and SDS, partially inhibited by CaCl(2), MgCl(2), MnCl(2), FeCl(2), CoCl(2), ZnCl(2), SnCl(2), CuSO(4) and EDTA, and activated by sodium deoxycholate, triton X-100 and tween-80
Induced transiently by auxin (IAA) (PubMed:31862580). Induced by jasmonic acid (MeJA) (PubMed:23915037, PubMed:31862580). Accumulates during dehydration recovery and treatment with putrescine (Put) (PubMed:31862580). Repressed by abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA) (PubMed:31862580). Triggered by wounding (PubMed:23915037, PubMed:31862580)
Induced by spider mite feeding, wounding and jasmonate (JA)
Induced by gravity and light (PubMed:21252258). Transcriptional expression is repressed by CLB (PubMed:21252258)
Induced in infected host cells. Expression is regulated by PrfA and sigma-B factor (SigB)
In the presence of acetohydroxybutyrate and acetolactate
Transcribed in a circadian rhythm with maximal expression at 12 hours and minimal expression 12 hours later; expressed as a kaiB-kaiC opperon, this gene does not have its own promoter (PubMed:9727980). Autorepresses expression (PubMed:9727980, PubMed:14709675, PubMed:15347809). Negatively regulated by labA (PubMed:17210789). Non-phosphorylatable kaiC mutants still down-regulate the kaiBC operon (PubMed:15347809)
Maximal induction is dependent upon prolactin insulin and cortisol
By interferon (IFN). Up-regulated during vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), or poliovirus (PV) infection
Induced by nitrate. Not repressed by ammonium or oxygen
By ABA (at protein level), dehydration, high salt levels, and low temperature
Transcribed by SigE at time T2 of sporulation
By mannitol
Up-regulated by high osmotic environment, such as increasing concentrations of NaCl, and low L-proline concentrations
By androgenic hormones. Expression increased 3-fold in an androgen-stimulated androgen-sensitive prostate adenocarcinoma cell line compared with androgen-deprived cells
Expression is repressed during spider biofilm formation (PubMed:22265407)
Up-regulated in response to IFNB1 or virus infection
Expressed in white cells. Transcription is regulated by the transcription factor EFG1 and up-regulated by alpha-pheromone, by host serum, in biofilms, and in high iron conditions. Repressed by BCR1 in a/a biofilms
By auxin. Down-regulated by auxin depletion, and light in dark-grown seedlings
Repressed by the HAP43 transcription regulator. Expression is also under the control of MAC1
By heat, salt stress, abscisic acid (ABA) and methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) treatment
By indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and cycloheximide (CHX). In response to low dose of cytokinin
Induced during interaction with human epithelial cells
Down-regulated by GEM
Induced by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) in kidney. Down-regulated by angiotensin II and up-regulated by statins through modulation of the RhoA pathway in epithelial cells (in vitro). Isoform 1 (but not isoform 2) is up-regulated by thyroid hormone in adipocytes
Cell cycle-regulated with a peak during M/G1
Induced by androgens and suppressed by estrogens. Expression is influenced by pituitary growth hormone and thyroid hormone
In roots by iron deficiency
Induced by potassium chromate (K(2)Cr(2)O(7)) and cadmium chloride (CdCl(2)) (PubMed:22985357). Induction by Cr and Cd requires sigF (PubMed:22985357). Probably part of the CCNA_03001 to CCNA_02999 operon
Expression may be repressed by PutA in the absence of proline
By parathyroid hormone and cAMP analogs
By IFNB1/IFN-beta combined with all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA)
Expression in hepatocytes is induced by LPS stimulus and the induction is mediated by IL6 (PubMed:15124018). Expression is inhibited in presence of TNF (PubMed:15124018)
By erythromycin and oleandomycin
Autoregulated. Binding of the cAMP receptor protein (CRP) is required for full expression
Induced by blue light and far-red light
2-fold by hydroxyurea treatment
Transcription is repressed by the binding of AraR to the promoter. L-arabinose acts as an inducer by inhibiting the binding of AraR to the DNA, thus allowing expression of the gene
Expression is up-regulated during meiosis
By cold and salt stresses
By auxin. Not regulated by light
Accumulates during arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) formation after inoculation with AM fungi (e.g. Glomus intraradices)
Mainly expressed when grown on lactate containing growth medium (PubMed:22628554). Expression regulated by osmotic and alkaline stresses (PubMed:15299026, PubMed:16087739, PubMed:17334841). Under the control of the SKO1 transcription factor (PubMed:16087739)
Up-regulated in the presence of IGF1, insulin and other growth-stimulating factors such as growth hormone, EGF and phorbol esters
By bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in monocytes and by ionomycin in T and B-lymphocytes. Up-regulated in cells mediating rejection of human transplants
Up-regulated by interferon (IFN) treatment (PubMed:26735137, PubMed:27974568, PubMed:30682371, PubMed:32294532). Expression increases in response to DENV infection in an IFN-dependent manner (PubMed:27974568)
By tobacco mosaic virus infection and wounding
Upon infection with a T-DNA transfer-competent Agrobacterium strain
Under different stress conditions, such as excess heavy metals, heat shock and salt stresses
Induced by benzothiadiazole (BTH)
By 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in promyelocytic HL-60 cells
Expression is highly sensitive to glucocorticoids and shows diurnal expression patterns. A strong induction of expression seen during keratinocyte differentiation in a cortisol dependent manner
Not induced by auxin. Up-regulated in leaves by ethylene and salt stress. Down-regulated by abscisic acid
Up-regulated in roots by salt treatment
By NGF and fibroblast growth factors
Induced by hypoxia and by DNA damaging agent mitomycin C. Part of the Rv1954A-higB1-higA1-Rv1957 operon, as well as the higB1-higA1-Rv1957 operon, which is probably the mitomycin-induced operon; the former but not latter operon is autorepressed by HigA1 (PubMed:20585061). Induced in persister cells in response to D-cycloserine (PubMed:21673191)
Up-regulated by rosiglitazone, a PPARG agonist, in CT26 cells. Down-regulated by CRH during water-avoidance stress
Expression is largely up-regulated in the presence of benzoate
Constitutive expression independent of white/opaque switching or mating type locus
Increase in abundance from the earliest stages of exponential growth, reaching a maximum level at the mid-exponential growth phase
Induced by abiotic stresses such as salt stress and methyl viologen (MV)-induced oxidative stress (PubMed:25538186). Triggered by NAC072/RD26 during senescence (PubMed:29659022). Down-regulated by cytokinin (PubMed:25538186)
By nitrogen deficiency (at protein level). Activates its own expression (PubMed:10692362, PubMed:1840555, PubMed:8412673). Transcription increases quickly upon nitrogen reduction and remains high during heterocyst differentiation (at least 24 hours). Transcription is blocked by the C-terminal PatS peptide (sequence Arg-Gly-Ser-Gly-Arg) (PubMed:15051891)
In larvae, by bacteria
By abscisic acid, wounding and at a lower level, by cold and salt treatment. Down-regulated by blue light irradiation
By serum growth factors and during liver regeneration
By iron deficiency. Only a trace amount of expression is detected when sufficient iron is present
By infection with the necrotrophic fungal pathogen B.cinerea
Not induced by iron
Repressed by inositol and choline
Expression induced in both active and resting C57BL/6 mouse macrophages
Expression increases from exponential to early- and late-stationary phase. Induced by H(2)O(2)
Expressed under the control of the sigma-W factor SigW
Up-regulated by the catabolite control protein A (CcpA)
By DNA damage and hydroxyurea (HU)
By oxidative stress and SoxS
Up-regulated when pyrimidine catabolism is impaired
By infection with fungal pathogens
By DUX4 during herpesvirus infection
Repressed during various growth conditions, including nitrogen starvation, and by heterochromatin. Repression is strongly dependent on cul4, raf2 and raf1. Derepressed by histone deacetylase inhibitor TSA
In respiratory-deficient cells and by heat
Up-regulated by enucleation-induced adrenocortical regeneration (at protein level). Up-regulated by dexamethasone (DX) treatment. Down-regulated by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) treatment. Up-regulated by hypoxia in the carotid body
Expressed in mid-log phase, part of the nagK-cobB operon (PubMed:20889757)
By the X.oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) transcription activator-like effector (TALe) proteins AvrXa7, PthXo3 and Tal5
Transcriptionally activated by SWI4-SWI6 heterodimer
By dark-induced senescence. Down-regulated by infection with an avirulent strain of the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonase syringae pv. tomato DC3000
Induced very rapidly by wounding, and slower by darkness, chilling, drought, hypoxia, and treatments with formate, abscisic acid, serine, sarcosine, pyruvate, acetate, ethanol or methanol
(Microbial infection) Expression is induced by SARS coronavirus-2/SARS-CoV-2 spike protein
Up-regulated upon Drosophila C virus (DCV) or Sindbis virus (SINV) infection
Down-regulated by retinoic acid in embryonic carcinoma (EC) cells and in developing germ cells
By cadmium, copper and zinc
Expression is regulated by the HTH-type transcriptional regulator GlpR and by the cAMP-cAMP receptor protein (CRP) complex
Down-regulated by fasting. Up-regulated by a carbohydrate-rich diet
Expression is induced during hyphal growth, by ketoconazole, and nitric oxide. Expression is also regulated by RIM101, TSA1, HAP43 and BCR1
More strongly expressed in the presence of methionine than in presence of sulfate. Strongly inhibited by seleno-DL-cystine
Expression is increased in low copper conditions, probably through the transcription regulation by the copper regulon transcription factor MAC1
Repressed directly by microRNA mir-57
Regulates its own expression in a negative feedback loop
Up-regulated by aluminum
By iron deficiency, methyl jasmonate (MeJA), salicylic acid (SA), 1-naphthalene acetic acid (1-NAA), ethanol, and cembrene, a macrocyclic diterpene
Activated by progesterone
By transforming growth factor beta-1 and other growth factors
By allolactose
Ty1-NL1 is a weakly expressed element. Induced under amino acid starvation conditions by GCN4
Positively regulated by signaling through MPK1 in response to cell wall perturbation. Expression is regulated by the ACE2 and SWI5 transcription factors
Activity in polarized intestinal cells is regulated by the association between SLC3A2/4F2 (in the SLC3A2/4F2-LAT2 heterodimer) and ICAM1
Up-regulated by cis-retinoic acid in neuroblastoma cell lines
By bmp-signaling in the ventral mesoderm. Inhibition by fgf regulates the timing of hematopoiesis
Induced by phenobarbital
Up-regulated following FSH treatment
Is expressed in low levels (at protein level)
Lower levels in the dark than in white, red and far-red light (PubMed:18980652). Induced by wounding in an ATAF2-dependent manner (PubMed:22937923)
By neuronal injury
Induced during natural and dark-induced leaf senescence
Up-regulated by hyperosmolarity and down-regulated by acidic pH
Expression is induced by HAP43 and down-regulated in an azole-resistant strain
Up-regulated by IFNG/IFN-gamma in human monocytic cell line THP-1
By CRP and FNR, in response to rising cAMP levels, falling oxygen partial pressure and changes in carbon flux. May also be induced by acetate
Under low iron conditions
Accumulates in shoots in response to nitrate depletion and to osmotic stress (e.g. mannitol), but repressed by ammonium chloride NH(4)Cl and nitrogen starvation
Up-regulated in thymus, small intestine, brain, heart, testis, kidney and lung upon endotoxin challenge (PubMed:10681567, PubMed:11922621). Detected in alveolar macrophage-like cells upon endotoxin challenge (PubMed:10681567). Up-regulated in white and brown adipocytes upon high-fat diet (PubMed:24910243). Up-regulated in ear epidermis in response to topical dermatitis agent 2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNFB) (PubMed:11922621)
Not induced by methyl viologen (paraquat), menadione, diamide, t-BuOOH, dithiothreitol (DTT) and H(2)O(2)
In liver, by TCF1 and HNF4A
Down-regulated by DNA damage in a p53-dependent manner
Down-regulated when cells are exposed to an acid environment. Up-regulated when cells are exposed to high pH
Up-regulated in response to hypoxia, it is however unclear whether such up-regulation is direct or not (PubMed:16143108). Not induced in the duodenum of iron-deficient mice (PubMed:16143108)
By HTLV-1 transactivator p40-Tax
Up-regulated by ethanol
Expression is under the control of transcription factor XYR1 and highly induced during wheat infection and by xylan
Induced by wounding and the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (avirulent avrRpm1 strain)
Up-regulated in heat-stressed plants and unstressed progeny in a HSFA2-dependent manner
Not induced by nitrate or by growth on low nitrate concentration (PubMed:12668777, PubMed:15107992). Strongly up-regulated upon inoculation with the plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria Phyllobacterium (PubMed:16160849)
Down-regulated in roots by drought Up-regulated in leaves upon infection with fungus. No regulation by methyl jasmonate or elicitor treatment
Induced during differentiation
Induced by heat shock and guanidine hydrochloride-derived protein denaturation stress
By phorbol ester
Markedly decreased during differentiation
Expression is increased under iron stress (PubMed:3040679). Repressed by Fur under iron-rich conditions (PubMed:9573216)
Up-regulated by Imiquimod in the skin
Transcriptionally repressed by rok
Maximally expressed at predawn or early morning
By growth hormone, thyroid hormone and sex hormones. Its expression is reduced by inflammation. In male rats, its level is several fold higher than in female rats. Reduced during acute inflammation
Up-regulated by IL4/interleukin-4, macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), receptor activator of NF-KB ligand (RANKL), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and toll-like receptor (TLR). Up-regulated by TNFSF11-induced osteoclast differentiation in combination with TNF-alpha. Down-regulated upon dendritic cell (DC) maturation
Induced by the cell cycle inhibitors aphidicolin and hydroxyurea (PubMed:11851910). Induced by gamma irradiation (PubMed:25124817). Induced by heavy ion irradiation (PubMed:27462908). Induced by UV and hydrogen peroxide. Down-regulated during sucrose starvation (PubMed:15806324)
Up-regulated upon cytokine treatment, but not upon TNF treatment
By stress conditions (acid shock, heat shock, ethanol and puromycin)
Induced by mannitol and NaCl
Repressed by CzrA
Reversibly repressed by glucose and mannose. Slowly induced by Pseudomonas syringae. Induced in roots upon cold and salt stress but then repressed in leaves. Promoted by low energy stress and dark-induced starvation
By dark. Down-regulated by light and sucrose
By estrogen replacement therapy
Transcription is maximal during early logarithmic phase when inducing substrates such as glycerol, glucose or gluconate are abundant. Transcription decreases during stationary phase
By bacterial and parasitic hemolymph and gut infections. Expression peaks at 24 hours post infection by bacterium P.carotovorum, and at day four post infection by the parasite L.major
In the retina, down-regulated upon application of glutamate concentrations of 15 umol/eye or higher
By salt and drought stresses, abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellin
By hypoxia, TNF, and by nutrient starvation. Expression is PI 3-kinase and/or NF-kappa-B-dependent. Induced by ER stress via ATF4-DDIT3/CHOP pathway and can down-regulate its own induction by repression of ATF4-DDIT3/CHOP functions
Up-regulated in response to wounding
Not induced by coronatine, methyl jasmonate or high sulfate concentration
Down-regulated in some cancer cell lines. Isoform Alpha is induced by serum. Isoform Beta is constitutively expressed
Induction during apoptosis requires NF-kappa-B, a heterodimer of RELA- and NFKB1
A retroviral element acts as an alternative tissue-specific promoter for this gene. The LTR of an HERV-E element enhances the expression in placenta and embryonic kidney
Expression is up-regulated by fasting
Part of the ompR-envZ operon
Transcription is repressed by ZNF746 which binds to 'insulin response sequences' its promoter
Is expressed at a level higher than other LDT paralogs at all phases of growth
Down-regulated by brassinolide
Induced under stress conditions, such as H(2)O(2), paraquat, cadmium, heat shock, uric acid and nitrate treatment
Induced by heat treatment
Specifically expressed during the first hours of infection of the host plant (PubMed:19807870, PubMed:23594295). Expression is induced during the appressorium-mediated penetration of host roots and peaks during the penetration process (PubMed:23594295). Expression then declines during early biotrophy, and becomes barely detectable during the invasive growth of the oomycete along the stele, and later during the necrotrophic phase of the infection (PubMed:23594295)
Up-regulated by TNF and IFNG (at protein level)
Up-regulated in the diseased tissues of a mouse models of allergic asthma and airway hypersensitivity (PubMed:15184896, PubMed:25847241). Up-regulated by IL31 in dorsal root ganglia (PubMed:25381841). Up-regulated by Th2 cytokines IL4 and IL13 in macrophages (PubMed:25847241)
By intranasal administration of S.pneumoniae
Up-regulated by methyl jasmonate, elicitor treatments and elicitor peptides GmSubPep, GmPEP890 and GmPEP914
Down-regulated in T-cells after TCR activation
In leaves after treatment with defense-related signal chemicals such as benzothiadiazole (BTH), salicylic acid (SA), l-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ethylene-precursor), and jasmonic acid (JA). Also up-regulated during incompatible interaction with the blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea
The catalytically inactive protein is present at significantly lower levels than restored wild-type protein (at protein level) (PubMed:28808133)
By wounding, 12-oxophytodienoic acid, jasmonic acid, ethylene, UV-C and coronatine treatments. Not induced by abscisic acid, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, gibberellin, kinetin, salicylic acid, yeast elicitor or high sulfate concentration
Down-regulated by estrogen treatment
Not induces by aluminum treatment
In response to organizer-secreted signals and neural inducers
Upon ER stress with brefeldin A or with tunicamycin, MGST2 is down-regulated, in several non-haematopoietic cell types, during the early, protective phase of the unfolded protein response (UPR), and up-regulated at the late, death-promoting phase of the unfolded protein response (UPR)
By ethylene. Down-regulated by dark
Follows a circadian cycle with lower levels in the early morning and highest accumulation in the middle of the day
Up-regulated in response to pentachlorophenol (PCP), a toxic pollutant (PubMed:28402832). Up-regulated in response to bacterial infection with E.tarda (PubMed:30150286)
Induced by DNA damage
Expressed in a circadian manner in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the brain. Expression is highest during the day and reaches a nadir during the early subjective night
By osmotic stress and abscisic acid (ABA)
Constitutively expressed at a constant level throughout the cell cycle (at protein level) (PubMed:8666236). By heat shock
Constitutively expressed, at a very weak level
Expression is regulated by light and circadian rhythms and osicllates diurnally. Peak expression in the suprachiasma nucleus (SCN) and eye at the day/night transition (CT12). Levels decrease with BMAL1-CLOCK inhibition as part of the autoregulatory feedback loop
Induced by jasmonate (JA) and Alternaria brassicicola (locally and systemically). Ethylene induction is completely dependent on a functional ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE2 (EIN2) while wounding induction does not require EIN2. Transcripts accumulate strongly in cycloheximide-treated plants, a protein synthesis inhibitor. Seems to not be influenced by exogenous abscisic acid (ABA), cold, heat, NaCl or drought stress
Transcript levels increase when cells are grown in the absence of iron. Periplasmic levels increase when cells are grown in high NaCl or in the absence of iron
Repressed by L-methionine
Down-regulated in some glioma; epigenetic inactivation is a hallmark of glioma patients with long-term survival
By light, cadmium (Cd), and slightly by sulfur deficiency
Expression is repressed by glucose
By IFNG during macrophage activation, and by TNF and IL1B
Up-regulated by salicylic acid or upon avirulent bacterial pathogen infection
By auxin and nematode infection in roots. Down-regulated by salt stress in root meristem and shoot apex
By Fe, Zn and auxin in roots, and Cu and Mn in shoots. Down-regulated by cytokinin and cold stress in roots and shoots. Down-regulated by Cu and salt stress in roots (PubMed:18258694). Sinergically down-regulated by RAC1 and sphingolipid elicitor (PubMed:15220467)
By abscisic acid (ABA) (PubMed:22007837, PubMed:22198272). Induced during leaf senescence (PubMed:22007837). Induced by osmotic stress (PubMed:22198272)
Transcription is activated by DMRT1 in undifferentiated spermatogonia
Induced by high temperatures (25 degrees Celsius) (PubMed:25775534). Down-regulated in dauer conditions (PubMed:25775534)
Up-regulated by aldosterone and glucocorticoids
By FEZ in oriented-divised root cap stem cells
By di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
By continuous red light (Rc at 8 umol.m-2.s-1)
By extreme alkaline conditions
Induced by salt and cold stresses (PubMed:18813954, PubMed:20632034). Induced by dehydration and methyl jasmonate (PubMed:20632034)
Induced by phosphate starvation, anaerobiosis and entry into stationary phase (PubMed:6282821, PubMed:8387749, PubMed:8071219). Regulated by the HTH-type transcriptional regulator AppY (PubMed:8071219). Negatively controlled by the cAMP-cAMP receptor (CAP) complex (PubMed:6282821, PubMed:3038201)
Not regulated by chemical or biotic treatments
Up-regulated in the intestine by S.typhimurium infection (at protein level). Appears in pancreatic juice after induction of pancreatic inflammation
During squamous differentiation of epidermal keratinocytes. This induction is repressed by retinoids
Expressed in the dark, repressed by light (at protein level). Induced by dehydration, by abscisic acid (ABA) and by wounding, both locally and systemically
The YbiX-S short isoform is expressed in both exponential and stationary phase in rich medium; expression is higher during exponential phase (at protein level). The YbiX long isoform seems only to be expressed in exponential phase at low levels (at protein level)
Expression is induced during co-cultivation with Streptomyces rapamycinicus
By light and during senescence
By p53/TP53 family. Directly induced by p53/TP53, TP63/p63 and TP73/p73
In the liver activated by HNF4A and suppressed by bile acids via NR0B2. Increased by cholesterol treatment in hepatocyte cells
Up-regulated by double-stranded DNA breaks-inducing treatments (PubMed:17227549). Up-regulated by zeocin treatment (PubMed:21613568). Up-regulated by DNA damage and oxidative stress (PubMed:24399300). Directly regulated by the transcription factor SOG1 (PubMed:24399300). Down-regulated by iron excess treatment (PubMed:25624148)
Up-regulated during Ras-induced senescence
Expressed at low levels during vegetative growth. Expression decreases significantly during sporulation
By osmotic and salt stresses
Up-regulated in pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB patients
By forskolin and down-regulated by iodide (at protein level). By insulin
Transcriptionally up-regulated during myogenic differentiation and down-regulated during adipogenic differentiation. Protein levels up-regulated during retinoic acid and dibutyric cAMP-induced outgrowth of neurites
Expression increases during late exponential phase and at the onset of sporulation (PubMed:16713562). Transcribed under partial control of SigM ECF sigma factor (PubMed:17434969)
By bacterial infection and by IFNG/IFN-gamma
Translation requires the translation elongation factor P (EF-P). This requirement is reduced as the number of consecutive Pro residues in the protein is decreased
By growth in low osmolarity conditions (low sugar or salt); activated at low osmolarity by OmpR, repressed at high osmolarity by OmpR (at protein level) (PubMed:3010044, PubMed:2464593). Levels of OmpF protein decrease in a lon/ycgE double disruption (at protein level) (PubMed:19721064)
By a considerable number of antibiotics many of which perturb respiration, redox balance, or transmembrane ion flux, including erythromycin. Much stronger induction by erythromycin plus the reducing agent DTT but not erythromycin plus the oxidizing agent diamide. Positively regulates its own expression
Up-regulated in a tissue-independent manner following treatment with propylene and wounding due to embryoctomy
Induced by salt stress (PubMed:16133218, PubMed:21069430). Induced drought stress, jasmonate (JA), salicylic acid (SA), abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene. Down-regulated by freezing stress (PubMed:21069430). Induced by wounding in the flowering stem (PubMed:21911380). Induced by waterlogging
Up-regulated following synaptic activity (at protein level) (PubMed:26074003, PubMed:26074072). Up-regulated in granular cells of the dentate gyrus and the pyramidal cells of CA1 and CA3 after kainate-induced seizures (PubMed:12871996)
Expressed under nitrogen-limiting conditions
Up-regulated upon stimulation with lipoteichoic acid
By GHRL in brain, pancreas, and insulinoma cell lines
Expression is strongly induced in hemocytes during pupal ecdysis, and at a lower level during 4th ecdysis and pupal stage (PubMed:15898116). Induced by 20-hydroxyecdysone in a concentration-dependent manner in the cultured wing imaginal disks, but not in fat bodies, of day 5 fifth larval instar (PubMed:28943345)
Expression is induced by nitrogen limitation in a GLN3 and GAT1-independent manner
Highest expression in darkness
Up-regulated in response to bacterial infection (PubMed:10811906). Expression is induced by foxo: in neurons, foxo-dependent expression is activated in response to insulin signaling, while in muscle foxo-dependent expression is activated in response to fasting (PubMed:27525480, PubMed:27916456)
Expression increases as cell grow from early to late log phase and further increases in stationary phase; there is about 10-fold more mRNA in stationary than early log phase
Induced during growth on suberin
Expression is induced by Na(+) and Li(+). The Na(+)-dependent enhancement of expression is augmented by alkalinization
Expression is induced in response to DNA damage
Induced under high-osmolarity growth conditions. Has two osmoregulated and tightly spaced promoters. The first promoter is sigma A-dependent and the second promoter is controlled by the general stress transcription factor sigma B
Synthesized only by sexually mature female after ingestion of blood
By hperosmotic shock provoked by sorbitol
Constitutively expressed, may be induced at pH 5.5, repressed by thiol oxidant diamide (at protein level)
Induced during a hypersensitive response (HR) mediated by P.syringae glycinea
Expressed during growth on endosperm tissue (PubMed:20854112, PubMed:18705852). Repressed in conditions of high nitrogen (PubMed:20854112)
In cardiomyocytes, high-glucose exposure up-regulated SLC39A7 expression and induced its phosphorylation
By salt stress (PubMed:18839316). Induced by infection with the necrotrophic fungal pathogen B.cinerea (PubMed:17059405, PubMed:21498677, PubMed:21990940). Induced by infection with the bacterial pathogen P.syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (PubMed:17059405)
Slight accumulation in cells entering S phase of the cell cycle
By DNA-damaging agents such as nalidixic acid, mitomycin C or UV light
Accumulates at the penetration site of powdery mildew (e.g. G.cichoracearum) infection
Expression is highly induced during plant infection
Expression in regulated by TSA1 and repressed in rat catheter biofilm
By phosphonoalanine or phosphonopyruvate
Proteolytic processing to mature form is induced by low oxygen or sterols. The processed form binds to its own promoter to promote positive feedback regulation and ensure maximal activation
By ethanol, Cu(2+) chloride, and by phaseollinisoflavan (an antifungal isoflavonoid)
Induced by light, preferentially when associated with glucose, fructose or sucrose treatment, but repressed by darkness
By xanthotoxin, a secondary metabolite abundant in the host plants of this specialized herbivore
Circadian-regulation. Peak of expression in the afternoon. Down-regulated by cold
Induced by infection with E.coli or S.aureus bacteria. Induced by infection with P.berghei parasite following ookinete invasion of the midgut cells
Up-regulated during female seasonal sexual maturation and after ovariectomy. Up-regulated by food intake in brain areas involved in appetit control
Constitutively expressed, increases in stationary phase (at protein level). mRNA levels rise nearly 50-fold during mouse macrophage infection. Part of the glbN-lprI operon
Following Helicobacter infection, down-regulated in C57BL/6 mice and up-regulated in BALB/C mice
Up-regulated in pregnant endometrium during implantation
Induced by glucose. Induction depends upon the integrity of the glucose-specific PTS system
Up-regulated in left ventricular hypertrophy from aortic stenosis and following heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (at protein level)
Expressed in nitrogen-fixing and non-nitrogen-fixing cells, although transcript levels are higher in nitrogen-fixing cells. Expressed during log and stationary phase growth (at protein level). The gene is monocistronic (PubMed:7830548)
Expression induced by concanavalin-A stimulation
Up-regulated by the inflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha (PubMed:14674885). Up-regulated during neuronal progenitor cell differentiation (PubMed:23263657)
Induced by heat treatment at 38 degrees Celsius in a HSFA1-dependent manner (at protein level)
Expression is induced in the late growth phase and is negatively controlled by the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA)
By retinoic acid; in neuroblastoma cell lines
Both MT-I and MT-II genes are regulated by copper ion in a concentration-dependent fashion, and both are inducible by silver but not by cadmium salts
Accumulates upon Pseudomonas syringae infection and after treatment with systemic acquired resistance (SAR)-inducing chemicals, 1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one1,1-dioxide (BIT) and benzo-(1,2,3)thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid S-methyl ester (BTH)
Accumulates upon P.brassicae oviposition and in response to bacterial elicitors (e.g. flg22 and elf26)
Transiently down-regulated by salt stress in roots
Induced under catabolic conditions in skeletal muscles
Inactivation is proportional to temperature in the dark
Expressed in log phase cells. A member of the relBE operon
By starvation. Repressed by cAMP
The expression of this protein is developmentally regulated showing peaks at midembryogenesis. HR3 transcription is ecdysone-induced
By all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). Induction is indirect and is mediated through other proteins
Probably part of the modE-modF operon
Protein levels increased in response to lactogenic hormones during lactation and correlated with the induction of beta casein gene expression
Regulated by MYB44 (PubMed:23067202, PubMed:23603962). Basal expression levels require the presence of endogeneous salicylic acid (SA) (PubMed:14742872, PubMed:17310369). Induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) (PubMed:22268143). Early but transient accumulation after osmotic stress (e.g. polyethylene glycol, PEG) (PubMed:23815736). Induced by SA; early induction is NPR1-independent, but full-scale induction is NPR1-dependent (PubMed:14742872, PubMed:22325892, PubMed:22268143, PubMed:26433201). Up-regulated by benzothiadiazole (BTH) (PubMed:26433201). Repressed by jasmonic acid (MeJA) by both COI1-dependent and COI1-independent pathways (PubMed:14742872, PubMed:18713432). Triggered by the pathogenic compatible bacteria E.carotovora subsp. carotovora SCC3193 (PubMed:14742872). Induced by P.syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (PubMed:17965588, PubMed:22325892). Stimulated by ATX1 (PubMed:17965588). Up-regulated by E.amylovora (PubMed:22316300). Accumulates during leaf and flower senescence (PubMed:17310369). Induced expression upon simultaneous feeding by caterpillars (e.g. P.xylostella) and aphids (e.g. B.brassicae) at a low density, but lower levels in plants induced with both caterpillars and a high aphid density (PubMed:25339349). Responsive to rhizobacterium B.cereus AR156 in leaves (PubMed:26433201). Regulated by ATX1 by epigenetic histone H3 methylation (PubMed:18375658)
Constitutively expressed. Primary control of btuB expression by cobalamin occurs at the level of translation initiation
Highly expressed in zoospores/cysts from S.parasitica and in the very early stages of infection on Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout) cells
Up-regulated by testosterone in cancer cells
Expression in the pineal gland exhibits circadian rhythm. Maximum levels expressed at CT14, and between ZT14 and ZT18
Expression is highly induced during the early stages of infection
Up-regulated during cell differentiation in glioma cells
Induced rapidly in leaves after wounding, mRNA is detectable 30 minutes after wounding, reaches maximum levels after 4 hours, and decreases slightly after 8 hours. When lower leaves are wounded, mRNA also accumulates in upper, unwounded, leaves. Wound-induced expression is enhanced by spermine, and suppressed by methyl jasmonite and coronatine. Salicylic acid and ethephon have no effect on wound-induced expression. Induced by infection with TMV
After 3 hrs of cold shock
Growth rate-dependent regulation of transcription. Is a novel example of a mRNA regulated through a mechanism similar to that of a stable RNA (rRNA)
By glucose and fructose, but not by galactose or maltose
Up-regulated by the transcription factors FAR1 and FHY3
Two-fold induction by iron deficiency. Not induced by aluminum (PubMed:12172022, PubMed:18826429). Induced by abscisic acid (ABA) (PubMed:24111973)
By nitrobenzene
Not induced by abscisic acid or osmotic stress
Up-regulated by glucagon
Up-regulated in actively dividing hematopoietic precursor cells. Up-regulated in cultured erythroleukemia TF-1 cells by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Strongly down-regulated during maturation of erythroid precursor cells
By high IAA concentration
Transcriptionally induced in the absence of sulfur, requires CysR for transcription. Part of the srpG-srpH-srpI operon (PubMed:7603442). Present in when grown in sulfur-containing media, induced 7-fold after 48 hours of sulfur starvation (at protein level) (PubMed:33821786)
Up-regulated by pathogens, methyljasmonate, salicylic acid, salt, osmotic stress, cold, auxin, cytokinin and abscisic acid treatments. Not induced by desiccation and ethylene treatment
Up-regulated by oxidative stress conditions through an OxyR-independent mechanism. Makes part of an operon that consists of PA14_22510 to PA14_22540. Is repressed by the LysR-like transcriptional regulator PA14_22550
By jasmonate, and cold, drought and salt stresses. Down-regulated by abscisic acid (ABA) (PubMed:19618278). Induced by wounding (PubMed:21332845, PubMed:24033451). Induced by blue light (PubMed:24033451)
Expression is regulated by KRIT1. Levels of expression also regulated by FOXC1 which binds to a conserved element in the FOXO1 promoter
Induced by biotic elicitors (e.g. fungal chitin oligosaccharide) (By similarity). Induced by pathogen infection (e.g. M.grisea and X.oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo)) (PubMed:16528562). Accumulates after treatment with benzothiadiazole (BTH) and salicylic acid (SA) (By similarity)
Up-regulated by abscisic acid treatment and drought stress, but not by thiamine
By hypoxia and also by 2-deoxyglucose or tunicamycin
Up-regulated in the CA1 region of the hippocampus after ischemia
By exposure to high light (PubMed:19887540). Induced by heat and methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) treatment (PubMed:17158162)
Expression is induced in response to 2-benzoxasolinone (BOA) exposure (PubMed:26296598, PubMed:25727347). Expression is also induced in response to 6-methoxy-2-benzoxazolinone (MBOA) and 2-aminophenol (2-AP) treatment (PubMed:26828593)
Down-regulated by pro-inflammatory cytokine IFN gamma
By drugs, such as rifampicin
Induced in the presence of D-glucarate or D-galactarate
Part of a negative feedback loop during somitogenesis. Expression is activated by tbx6 together with thy1 and tcf3
Induced by anoxia, drought, salt stress, oxidative stress, cold and abscisic acid (ABA) (PubMed:20039193). Induced by D-allose (PubMed:23397192)
Induced by auxin (PubMed:29258424). Triggered by brassinosteroids (PubMed:29258424)
Was originally thought to be involved in heat shock response (PubMed:8400364, PubMed:8478327), however it was later shown not to be induced by sigma-32 (rpoH) (PubMed:16818608)
In contrast to the other glycerophosphodiester transporters, expression is largely unresponsive to phosphate levels (PubMed:24114876)
By proteasomal inhibitor PSI and prostaglandin J2 (PGJ2) (at protein level). By phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Expression is directly activated by NFE2L2/NRF2; creating a positive feeback loop (PubMed:20452972)
By heat shock. Part of the clpP-clpX operon
Up-regulated upon milbemycins A3 oxim derivative (A3Ox) treatment, upon interaction of cells with host macrophages, and during oralpharyngeal candidiasis. Repressed by alpha pheromone
Up-regulated by salicylic acid and down-regulated by jasmonic acid
Ubiquitinated by pof1
Expression is strongly increased in the presence of cycloheximide, imazalil, fenarimol, pisatin, itraconazole and 4-nitroquinoline oxide (4-NQO)
Slightly induced by Ca(2+)
Down-regulated in HL-60 leukemia cells by RA, PMA and dimethyl sulfoxide
By L-araban, arabinogalactan and L-arabitol
By the natural cationic antimicrobial peptide LL-37 and the synthetic cationic antimicrobial peptide poly-L-lysine (PLL)
By heat shock, UVB, salt, wounding, ethylene and methyl jasmonate (PubMed:11162426, PubMed:12218065). Induced by infection with the fungal pathogen Golovinomyces cichoracearum (powdery mildew) and the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato strain DC3000 (PubMed:22345509)
By melibiose
Expression is induced by NrfR in response to nitrite stress. Not induced by nitrate or nitric oxide (NO) stress
Isoform 1: Up-regulated during neuronal differentiation in retinoic acid-treated SH-SY5Y cells (PubMed:25921068). Isoform 2: Down-regulated during myogenesis (PubMed:28344082)
By growth on aromatic carboxylates such as phthalate, terephthalate, m-hydroxybenzoate and p-hydroxybenzoate
By mating
Induced by jasmonate (JA) and by Alternaria brassicicola (locally and systemically), but only slightly by ethylene. Strong induction by wounding, cold or drought stress does not require EIN2, whereas induction by NaCl does. Transcripts accumulate in cycloheximide-treated plants, a protein synthesis inhibitor. Seems to not be influenced by exogenous abscisic acid (ABA), and heat stress
By zic1, zic2, zic3 and zic5
By nitrate or nitrite during nitrogen-limited growth
Induced or repressed by TGFB1 and dioxin in a cell-type specific fashion. Repressed by cAMP, retinoic acid, and 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13 acetate (TPA)
Triggered by AtPep1 (PubMed:30715439). Induced by Erwinia amylovora, a bacterial pathogen (PubMed:30715439). Accumulates upon infection by generalist herbivores such as Spodoptera littoralis (PubMed:35401621)
Both long and short transcripts are down-regulated in roots but not in shoots by NaCl and abscisic acid treatment (PubMed:11910005). Under cold stress, the expression of the short transcript is increased while the long one becomes undetectable (PubMed:11910005)
Rapidly induced in neurons of the hippocampus and cortex by physiological synaptic activity
Expression is induced in the presence of excess iron in an oxidative environment but not in reduced anaerobic conditions. Is also regulated by oxyR
Expression is positively regulated by the secondary metabolism general regulator laeA (PubMed:21897021). Expression is negatively regulated by the transcription factor kpeA (PubMed:30790620)
Up-regulated in hepatocytes after treatment with the procarcinogen N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA)
Activated by papilloma viral oncoproteins E6 and E7 which bind to and inactivate p53 and Rb, respectively
By IFNG during macrophage activation
By oxygen in a concentration-dependent manner (PubMed:11213471). Up-regulated by S-nitroso-N-acetyl-D-penicillamine (PubMed:11133847)
Expression is repressed by the TCP island-encoded sRNA TarB
Up-regulated by PPARA agonists, which are used clinically to lower serum TG (such as fibrates)
Major prolactin-inducible protein in pigeon cropsac
By the synthetic androgen R1881 in prostate carcinoma cells undergoing proliferative arrest. Maximum levels occur 18-20 hours after androgen exposure
By DNA from viral infection and intracellular DNA
This protein can be induced by a number of chemical carcinogens during rat hepatocarcinogenesis
Down-regulated in fasted animals
Repressed by herbicides such as flufenacet and benfuresate (PubMed:12916765). Down-regulated by darkness and low temperature, and up-regulated by drought and osmotic stress (PubMed:18465198). Up-regulated twofold by drought, but no effect of other stress treatments (PubMed:19619160)
By fungal elicitor and wounding
Expression is up-regulated by androgen, but not by glucocorticoids
By activin/TGF-beta (at protein level). Regulated by the Smad pathway. Isoform 3 is expressed during myeloid development
Induced by replication stress caused by DNA double-strand breaks (DBS)
Expression is negatively regulated by the global transcription factor Msn2 that binds the stress-response element 5'-AGGGG-3' (PubMed:26305932)
Up-regulated by dietary stress. Increased expression at day 14 in the magnum of the oviduct in the corticosterone-fed laying hens (at protein level)
Coexpressed with pceB
Up-regulated in cells metabolizing nonfermentable carbon sources
Expression is controlled by the kojic acid gene cluster transcription factor kojR (PubMed:21514215). Expression is also positively regulated by the secondary metabolism general regulator laeA (PubMed:21897021). Expression is negatively regulated by the transcription factor kpeA (PubMed:30790620). Finally, nitrogen deficiency increases the expression (PubMed:26657710)
Partially repressed by miR393a (microRNA) in response to flg-22 (flagellin-derived peptide 22)
Inhibited in psoriatic lesions. Activated by tazarotene in skin rafts and in the epidermis of psoriatic lesions
Following injury of the olfactory epithelium (OE) in 3-4 week olds, up-regulated in the multipotent horizontal basal cells (HBCs) at between 1 and 28 days later
Accumulates in response to hyperosmostic conditions
Induced in response to a moderate, short-term heat stess, also known as a hormetic heat stess
Down-regulated by CTF1, PTH and OSM
Its abundance is reduced to non detectable levels at the G0 phase of the cell cycle and is dramatically induced upon entrance into the S-phase of the cell cycle
By alanine; slightly repressed by glucose. Is activated by the Ntr system, mediated by the nitrogen assimilation control protein (NAC)
Up-regulated by retinoic acid in embryonic ovaries and adult testes, and by all-trans and 9-cis retinoic acid in P19 embryonic carcinoma (EC) cells. Transcription is repressed by DMRT1 in undifferentiated spermatogonia
By salicylic acid (SA) (PubMed:22072959, PubMed:20831409). Induced by Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis, benzothiadiazole (BTH) and wounding (PubMed:20831409). Degraded in darkness and in blue-light (PubMed:20624951)
By the Myb oncogene
Up-regulated in heart left ventricle of patients with severe coronary artery disease and history of myocardial ischemia. Up-regulated in heart left ventricle of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy
Circadian-regulation (PubMed:23818596, PubMed:25012192). Maximum levels of expression in the subjective morning (PubMed:23818596, PubMed:25012192). Up-regulated by a light pulse in the middle of the night via the phytochrome family of red/far-red light photoreceptors (PubMed:23818596, PubMed:25012192). Up-regulated following a temperature upshift during the dark period (PubMed:24690904). Repressed by members of the TOC1/PRR1 family of clock genes (PubMed:23818596)
Most efficiently induced by formate during post-exponential growth at low external pH (pH 6.5) in the absence of respiratory electron acceptors O(2+), NO(3-) or trimethylamine-N-oxide, i.e. under anaerobic control (PubMed:12426353, PubMed:14702328). Transcription is activated by FhlA and HyfR, inhibited by HycA, part of the sigma-54 (rpoN) regulon (PubMed:12426353). Subject to catabolite repression (PubMed:14702328). First member of a 10 gene operon (hyfABCDEFGHIJ); it is not clear if the 2 following genes (hydR-focB) are also in the operon (PubMed:12426353)
Expression increases in nitrogen deprived environment, which is important to cause delay of the G1 phase of the cell cycle in response to nitrogen starvation
By wounding and infection by the bacterial pathogens X.campestris and P.syringae
Up-regulated in the fat body after injection with bacteria (B.thuringiensis, P.larvae or E.coli) or the fungus B.bassiana
By retinoic acid (PubMed:2345177). Induced after tissue damage (PubMed:17015789, PubMed:19060126). Induced by inflammatory cells, in particular, CD4(+) T cells under inflammatory conditions (PubMed:22323540). Induced during the early and intermediate phase of fracture repair (PubMed:25551381)
By 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 and TGFB1. Down-regulated in response to oxidative stress
Up-regulated by tHyp-B and cHyp-B. Repressed by high salt concentration
Expression is induced by the presence of dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) or by the deletion of OSM1, a HOG1-related mitogen-activated protein kinase
Expression is dependent on RpoS
Constitutively expressed. Transcription of S.bovis hprK is not significantly altered by growth rate or energy source
By geminivirus (CaLCuV or BCTV) infection (at the protein level)
By CueR, in response to increasing copper concentrations
By TNF, IL1B/interleukin-1 beta and bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS)
By wounding, water and cold stresses; in response to plant hormones 2,4-D, BAP, GA3, SA, MeJA and ABA treatment; in response to L-Ser, Hyp and L-Pro treatment
Expressed during exponential growth; expression decreases 10-fold on shifting to starvation media
Induced by FSH or pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin in ovaries of estrogen-treated immature rats in vivo
Up-regulated by mannose. Is under the control of ManR. Is subject to carbon catabolite repression (CCR) by glucose. Forms part of an operon with manA and yjdF
Slightly induced in roots by nitrogen and ammonium chloride NH(4)Cl starvation. Accumulates in response to osmotic stress (e.g. mannitol and salt NaCl)
Up-regulated by retinoids
By ethanol, threonine and acetaldehyde. Expression is autoregulated and subject to carbon catabolite repression
Up-regulated by cold, 2,4-D, methyl jasmonate and phosphate starvation
Induced by auxin in roots. Not induced by inorganic phosphate deprivation
Expressed during vegetative growth with a maximum level of transcription at G1 phase, after which it is decreased during the remainder of the cell cycle
Up-regulated by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BOOH) in an MSN2/4-dependent manner
Not regulated by thiamine or 4-methyl-5-(2-phosphonooxyethyl)thiazole
Expression is specifically induced early in the infection process, in contact with host tissue
Induced by the endoparasitic nematode M.incognita. Levels increase after infection in both giants cells and endodermal cells of galls. Later confined to giant cells at high levels
By treatment with the monoterpene, alpha-pinene
Up-regulated in proliferating hematopoietic cells
Accumulates in roots, in a RAM1-dependent manner, during colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (e.g. Glomus versiforme)
Transcription is activated by nuclear receptor liver X /retinoid X (RXR/LXR)
Fully induced in the presence of arsenate
Up-regulated during leaf senescence (PubMed:24028154, PubMed:24951508). Induced by treatment with methyl jasmonate (MeJa) (PubMed:24028154). Induced by salt stress, cold stress, osmotic stress and treatment with hydrogen peroxide (PubMed:24399239). Induced by treatment with abscisic acid (ABA) (PubMed:24399239, PubMed:24951508)
Significantly reduced by exercise in smooth and in skeletal muscles
By acidic conditions, a monocistronic operon (at protein level)
Repressed rapidly by oxidative stress such as paraquat, hydrogen peroxide H(2)O(2), mannitol, drought and cadmium ion CdCl(2)
Increased by endurance and sprint interval training
Expression increased during the early steps of astrocyte differentiation
The onset of expression correlates with the onset of aflatrem biosynthesis in stationary cultures (PubMed:15528556, PubMed:19801473). Expression is induced by the developmental and secondary metabolism regulator veA (PubMed:16988822). Expression is also regulated by nsdC (PubMed:26686623)
By high salinity stress
By heat shock, bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), and the cytokine TNF (at protein level)
Active under both limited and replete magnesium growth conditions and is independent of the PhoP/PhoQ two-component system
By glucocorticoids, during apoptosis of immature thymocytes
By endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation (PubMed:31391339). Up-regulated in response to high-fat diet and this is reversed by return to a normal diet (PubMed:30595550, PubMed:31391339)
By lipopolysaccharide in the monocyte/macrophage cell lines
Isoform B is up-regulated in response to 17-beta-estradiol (E2)
Expression is negatively regulated by the transcriptional repressors NRG1 and TUP1 (PubMed:11532938, PubMed:11737641). Expression is also regulated by SSN6 (PubMed:15814841). Expression is repressed by HAP43 (PubMed:21592964). Expression is induced by antifungal agents caspofungin and flucytosine (PubMed:15917516). Finally, expression is also induced during biofilm development (PubMed:19527170, PubMed:22265407)
Expression of arcA is significantly higher in cells that have entered stationary phase than in exponential-phase cells. Up-regulated by low pH and by arginine. Repressed by the CcpA protein. Part of the arc operon, that consists of the arcABCDT genes
By forskolin, thyrotropin and the Th1-specific cytokine IFNG/IFN-gamma
Up-regulated by HSF4
By nerve injury both in dorsal root ganglion neurons and in Schwann cells
Expression is induced in resting peripheral blood T-lymphocytes following PHA stimulation. Expression increases at the time of maximal DNA synthesis, in fibroblasts stimulated to divide. Expression and the uptake of leucine is stimulated in mononuclear, cytotrophoblast-like choriocarcinoma cells by combined treatment with PMA and calcium ionophore. Up-regulated in response to hydrogen peroxide (PubMed:30341327)
(Microbial infection) Up-regulated upon hepatitis C virus/HCV infection via NS3-A4 viral protein complex; the up-regulation is mediated by oxidative stress (PubMed:30341327). Up-regulation of the complex formed by SLC3A2 and SLC7A5/LAT1 upon hepatitis C virus/HCV infection (PubMed:30341327)
By chitobiose
Up-regulated by all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). Up-regulated during differentiation of immature blood cells toward monocytes and granulocytes
By citrus blight. Not expressed in healthy plants
Down-regulated by heat
Expression enhanced by a pH upshift from 7 to 10
Up-regulated in proliferating cells, and down-regulated in quiescent or differentiated cells. Early induced by E1A in postmitotic cells. Down-regulated by aphidicolin
By osmotic pressure changes
Up-regulated by H(2)O(2) treatment
By abscisic acid (ABA) and stresses, including cold, drought and salt (PubMed:16227468, PubMed:26961720). Triggered by YY1 (PubMed:26961720)
(Microbial infection) Up-regulated to the highest level in liver 24 hours post Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) infection. 8.2-fold induction after 4 hours of SGIV injection and the expression increases up to 42.3-fold at 24 hours post-injection, decreasing to 11.1-fold at 48 hours post-injection
Induced by heat shock (PubMed:10648822). Down-regulated during senescence (PubMed:25546583)
Strongly induced by UV-B
Expression is regulated by dietary stress. Significantly increased expression between days 0 to 5 in egg whites of eggs laid by corticosterone-fed hens (at protein level). Decreased expression at day 14 in the magnum of the oviduct in the corticosterone-fed laying hens (PubMed:25436390). Significantly increased expression by estrogen. Rapidly up-regulated within 0.5 hour after extrogen exposure with a peak at 1-4 hours and diminishing thereafter (PubMed:11572089). Up-regulated during sexual maturation of pullets (PubMed:22010862)
Repressed by high-light (HL) in a CAO-dependent manner (at protein level) (PubMed:16170635, PubMed:23598180). Reduced levels relative to CP43 during high light acclimation, thus helping photosystem II (PSII) structural re-arrangement (PubMed:23274453). Repressed by the herbicide bromacil (BRO) (PubMed:26802342)
Circadian-regulation with a broad peak in the late day and early night (PubMed:21115819, PubMed:21139085, PubMed:25132385). Stabilized at elevated temperatures (at protein level) (PubMed:25267112). Induced by abscisic acid (ABA) specifically during the post-germination stage in an ABI3-dependent manner (PubMed:30859592). Repressed by brassinosteroids (BR) during the post-germination stage (PubMed:33324437)
Heat treatment increases expression 3-fold in mature leaves. Has little effect on developing shoot apices
Expression is regulated by the CpxRA two-component regulatory system
Up-regulated by touch or wounding
By light. Levels increase upon illumination and stay high in daylight, dropping back to basal levels in darkness
By UV irradiation and carcinogenic agents. During squamous differentiation of epidermal keratinocytes
Its synthesis is positively regulated by juvenile hormone
Repressed by wounding at the transcript level, but not at the protein level (PubMed:15914918). Strong level decrease during senescence. Low levels observed in etiolated leaves and accumulates rapidly during light-induced greening (PubMed:25587003)
By salt and ethylene (ET)
By EBV
Induced by salt treatment. Regulated by light
Induced by type III effector proteins (TTEs) secreted by the pathogenic bacteria P.syringae pv. tomato DC3000 during basal defense
Induced by p-toluenesulfonate (TSA), p-toluenecarboxylate (TCA) and p-sulfobenzoate (PSB)
Induced by tapping (PubMed:12461132, PubMed:17632724). Not induced by wounding, ethephon or abscisic acid treatment (PubMed:12461132). Induced by ethephon or ethylene (PubMed:17632724, PubMed:22162870)
In brain, by repeated injections of fluoxetine or cocaine
Induced by abscisic acid (ABA) and osmotic stress (PubMed:25053018). Induced by salt stress (PubMed:24319076, PubMed:25053018)
By bacterial infection (at protein level) (PubMed:9736738). Detected within 24 hours of bacterial infection (PubMed:11118328)
By IL3, IL4 and IL9 in the lung. Increases in the bronchiolar epithelium of asbestos-induced fibrogenesis. Decreases in cystic fibrosis knockout mice
Induced in response to increased CO(2) concentrations. Expression is under circadian control
Transcription up-regulated in response to intestinal colonization by probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum strain JDFM216 (PubMed:29748542)
By pathogen attack
Not repressed by darkness or sucrose
By juvenile hormone
By HIV-1 insertion
Up-regulated by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in HL-60 cells
Responsiveness to high-salt stress
Up-regulated by estrogens, androgens and glucocorticoids
Expressed at higher levels in short days (SD=8 hours light/16 hours dark) than in long days (LD=16 hours light/8 hours dark). Slightly induced by long cold exposure (e.g. 40 days at 4 degrees Celsius)
Up-regulated at post-transcriptional level during survival and slow-growth conditions
By iron limitation in addition to the presence of one of the two cognate pseudobactins BN7 or BN8
By abscisic acid (ABA), cycloheximide, and by drought or cold stresses
By disulfide stress
By oxygen and heme deficiency
By nerve growth factor and during liver regeneration
In macrophages, up-regulated by endocannabinoid anandamide/AEA
By aminopyrine and other xenobiotics
Up-regulated in proliferating cells, and down-regulated in quiescent cells. Down-regulated upon adriamycin-induced DNA damage, in a p53/TP53 and CDKN1A-dependent way. Induced by E2F1 transcription factor
By ozone. By salicylic acid (SA) (at protein level)
Inhibited by TGF-beta1 (PubMed:12055102). Down-regulated by LPS (PubMed:21907835)
By indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)
Up-regulated by addition of ammonia or amino acids to a nitrogen-depleted medium. Down-regulated by excess lysine
Up-regulated following infection by the microsporidian pathogen N.parisii or the bacterial pathogen P.aeruginosa
By sleep deprivation in the brain stem and in the hypothalamus
Induced by salt, drought and heat stresses, and abscisic acid (ABA)
Induced by sorbitol
By IFNG/IFN-gamma. The induction is enhanced by TNF in dermal fibroblasts and vein endothelial cells
Induction by light is inhibited by abscisic acid (ABA) and cycloheximide
By abscisic acid (ABA), by salt stress, by indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and during darkness conditions. Down-regulated by cytokinin
Up-regulated in both visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue of diabetic individuals
By interferons. Induced both in response to IFN type I (IFN-alpha and -beta) and IFN type II (IFN-gamma)
By pheromones during mating, through the regulation by the STE12 transcription factor. Also induced in respiratory-deficient cells (By similarity)
By lymphokines, specifically IL-2 and IL-5. Up-regulated during dendritic cell maturation
(Microbial infection) Up-regulated in response to Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection in skin and spleen memory CD8(+) T cells
(Microbial infection) Up-regulated in response to Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) in memory CD8(+) T cells
Down-regulated by auxin (PubMed:11673616). Down-regulated by aluminum (PubMed:21285327). Repressed by far-red light (FRc) (PubMed:14645728)
After water restriction, up-regulated in inner medulla ascending thin limbs (ATLs) and lower descending thin limbs
Induced during growth on the non-fermentable carbon source glycerol with ethanol (PubMed:10877846). Does not appear to be repressed by adenine (PubMed:10877846)
By growth hormone. P450 can be induced to high levels in liver and other tissues by various foreign compounds, including drugs, pesticides, and carcinogens
Up-regulated in proliferating fetal lung fibroblasts and in U-937 myeloid leukemia cells. Down-regulated in these cells by growth arrest and differentiation. In other cell types which cannot leave the cell cycle, such as tumoral HT-1080 and Hep-G2, levels are consistently up-regulated
By wounding in fruit and etiolated hypocotyls. By indoleacetic acid (IAA)/benzyladenine/LiCl only in fruit tissue
Expressed with a circadian rhythm showing a peak at night and then decreasing to reach the lowest levels around the middle of the day in LD conditions. The levels of expression in SD conditions are slightly lower
Increased by glucose (PubMed:23486012). Decreased by phlorizin (PubMed:23486012)
Strongly induced by flg22 in leaves
By salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate, auxin, H(2)O(2), and the pathogen Hyaloperonospora parasitica
Induced upon proteasome inhibition
The combination of poor nutrition conditions and attachment of mycelia to a hydrophobic solid surface appears to be a major inducing factor
Not induced by zeocin or ionizing radiation treatment
Regulated by light at the post-translational level; constitutively expressed at transcript level, but accumulates in response to light (e.g. red, far red, blue and white light) at protein level
By several DNA damaging agents
Expression is repressed in the presence of nicotinic acid
Transcription is induced just prior to the onset of DNA replication, at the swarmer-to-stalked-cell transition, lasts through the stalked-cell phase and then decreases in the predivisional cell
Expression is up-regulated by inulin and maltose, and repressed by glucose. Ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride and urea are inhibitory for inulinase synthesis, presumably because of the release of ammonium ions
By retinoic acid (RA) signaling. Repressed by wt1 and by notch signaling
Up-regulated in the hippocampus after epilepsy
By DNA damaging agents such as UV, adriamycin, actinomycin-D and cisplatin
By salt stress, specifically in the root
Down-regulated in oral tongue squamous cell carcinomas
Up-regulated by hemin during erythroid differentiation. Up-regulated by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) during megakaryocytic differentiation. Up-regulated by the transcriptional activator MEF2A
Up-regulated in response to TNF and bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS)
Repressed in adipocytes after stimulation with Tnfa, Il6 and Ins1 (PubMed:29453251). Specifically down-regulated in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus following water deprivation (PubMed:29453251)
Expression is slightly up-regulated in the presence of miconazole
Down-regulated under highly reduced cellular thiol pool conditions. Down-regulated by ascorbate. Slightly induced by oxidative stress
The nucleotide sequence of the putative signal may have a regulatory function; it may form a perfect stem-loop (PubMed:2684780)
Down-regulated in regulatory T-cells (Treg) during inflammation (PubMed:23973223). Up-regulated by FOXO3 (PubMed:30513302)
Expression is directly regulated by pancreas-specific transcription factor ptf1a. Probably also regulated by retinoic acid (RA)
Up-regulated after serum withdrawal during neuronal differentiation (PubMed:23447528)
Down-regulated by IL6 treatment in myelomonocytic cells, and in response to EPO in myeloid cells; EPO-induced down-regulation of Gfi1b is STAT5-dependent
Up-regulated after the removal of interleukin 3 and exposure to granulocyte colony stimulating factor
Strongly up-regulated in the upper epidermis of sun-exposed skin
Induced by salt and drought stresses. Down-regulated by cold stress, wounding and infection with the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae
Up-regulated in immortal cells. Induced in estrogen receptor positive breast cancer expressing progesterone receptor
Expressed in growing cells (at protein level). Transcription not induced under oxygen-limiting conditions
Expression is induced during iron deprivation (PubMed:18404210). Also induced in response to reactive nitrogen species (PubMed:16030248)
By infection with necrotrophic pathogens and by paraquat. Not induced by salicylic acid, jasmonate or 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) (PubMed:16339855). Induced by flagellin (flg22) (PubMed:20413097)
Repressed by the floral homeotic genes AP1 and SEP3 in emerging floral meristems. Up-regulated by HUA2
The mRNA coding for this protein increases in abundance after serum stimulation of quiescent mouse fibroblasts
By the DNA-damaging agents methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) and menadione
Protein expression is autoregulated and sigma S-dependent in stationary phase
Expression is induced by cell wall-disturbing compounds
Regulated by osmotic stress (PubMed:20144166). Up-regulated in response to metabolic acidosis (PubMed:22622463)
By gallic acid
Up-regulated by heat shock, dehydration and salt stresses
Expressed on cells only at early exponential phase with aeration
Up-regulated by trans-zeatin, ethylene and high temperature. Down-regulated by auxin and shade treatment
Expression is anaerobically up-regulated via the sterol regulatory element binding protein sre1 (PubMed:16537923). Expression is reduced in cells deleted for the translation-related genes tif302, rpl2501, and rpl31, rps2402, rps2801, rps1002, rps1601, rps1802, rps1901, and rpl1602; or the transcription-related genes spt7, spt20 and elp2
Expression is induced by starvation and acetate
By glucose, frustose or sucrose at 300 mM, but not at 100 mM
By estrogens
Up-regulated by DNA damaging agents like H(2)O(2) in cardiac myocytes
Up-regulated by kainic acid-induced seizures (PubMed:17577668). Up-regulated after axotomy (PubMed:12957493)
Induced by coronatine, but not by methyl jasmonate or high sulfate concentration
Up-regulated in peripheral blood B-cells by IL4, IL13 and by CD40 stimulation
Up-regulated in skin upon exposure to ultraviolet radiation or treatment with all-trans retinoic acid (substrate-inducible)
Up-regulated by infection with T.spiralis (at protein level). Also induced by infection with the helminth parasite N.brasiliensis
Induced during differentiation of bloodstream form to procyclic form
Specifically expressed on arabinose and galacturonic acid
Overexpressed in cancer patients with a poor outcome
Induced by PHB accumulation
Down-regulated by phagocytic stimuli (when grown on E.coli)
Up-regulated in small cell lung cancers (SCLC)
Expression in increased by palmitate at protein level but not mRNA level (PubMed:21994399). Expression is down-regulated by microRNA miR-9, miR29a and miR-29b-1 (at protein level) (PubMed:21994399)
Up-regulated transiently by a cold treatment. Induced by methyl jasmonate, a plant defense-related signaling molecule
Accumulates at low levels in response to cold treatment
By retinoic acid, suggesting that it may act in response to differentiating agents
Decreased by half in the SLI patient lymphoblasts
Expression is induced in preinfection structures and during infection
Expression at transcriptional level is activated by the expression of the neighboring long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) EMICERI
Induced by sucrose in guard cells
Down-regulated by chronic stress in dentate gyrus granule neurons and CA3 pyramidal neurons
Up-regulated in the medial prefrontal cortex
By iron and zinc deficiency in roots
GSP2 expression exhibits carbon source dependency
Expression is induced by CPH2 which directly binds to the two sterol regulatory element 1-like elements upstream of TEC1. Expression is also regulated by the histone deacetylase complex HDAC3, as well as by TOR1 and EFG1. Moreover, heat shock factor-type transcriptional regulator SFL1 represses expression whereas SFL2 induces expression. In white cells, is up-regulated in the presence of alpha-pheromone. Expression is induced during oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC). Competitors Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella typhimurium secreted factors decrease TEC1 expression to impair biofilm formation. Expression is also down-regulated by linoleic acid and tetrandrine
By TGF-beta (PubMed:9061001)
In macrophages and T-lymphocytes, up-regulated by IL18. In endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells, up-regulated by IL1B, IL18 and TNF (at protein level)
Induced by palmitate and acetate. Repressed by glucose and succinate
Down-regulated during spontaneous, apoptosis-driven hair follicles regression (catagen)
By oleic acid. Transcriptionally up-regulated by YRM1 along with genes involved in multidrug resistance. Expression is also dependent on RSF1 and RSF2 for transcriptional induction during growth on glycerol-based medium
Increased expression in vivo during human sepsis. Highly expressed under biofilm conditions after 8 hours of growth. Positively regulated by SarA and the two-component system YycFG. Also positively regulated by the two-component sensor-regulator SrrAB under aerated conditions. More protein is secreted in a secG or double secG/secY2 mutant (at protein level)
By Notch signaling
Cell cycle-regulated, showing a peak in the S-phase
Induced by heat shock and sugar. Up-regulated by light, DTT and tunicamycin treatment
Expression is light and temperature-dependent with a decrease with decreased light conditions or lower temperatures
Induced in vasculature of roots colonized with the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi Rhizophagus irregularis and Glomus versiforme
Up-regulated by high fat diet in adipose tissue
By heme
Induced during development in prespore cells
Induced by treatment with high levels of paraquat, a chemical causing production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), but not by other exogenous stressors, such as heat shock or osmotic stress
Induced either by incompatible fungal pathogen attack, or by methyl jasmonate, a plant defense-related signaling molecule
Up-regulated after infection of macrophages
Expression is higher in white cells than opaque cells. Induced during exposure to the weak acid stress of acetic acid, through the regulation by the transcription factor MNL1
Reversibly induced by heat shock (HS)
Down-regulated by interferon gamma
Carboxysome size and components vary with growth conditions. When grown in ambient air at medium light (50 uE meter(-2) second(-1)) there are 853 RuBisCO complexes (RbcL8S8) per carboxysome, the numbers decrease under low light and high CO(2), and increase under high light (at protein level)
By nitric oxyde NO (under aerobic conditions), nitrite, nitrate (under anaerobic conditions), nitroso compounds, and paraquat
Slightly increased by dark treatment
By NGF (at protein level)
Most prominent protein induced by estrogen in hypothalamus and most prominent protein induced by LH-RH in pituitary
By N-butylamine
Down-regulated by auxin and cytokinin
At temperatures higher than 95 degrees Celsius or by oxidative shock
By stress compounds such as sucrose, sodium chloride, calcium chloride and abscisic acid in shoot apices
Up-regulated following stimulation of E347 brain neurons
Induced by jasmonate (JA), ethylene and Alternaria brassicicola (locally and systemically). Moderate induction by wounding or drought stress does not require EIN2, whereas induction by NaCl does. Transcripts accumulate slightly in cycloheximide-treated plants, a protein synthesis inhibitor. Seems to not be influenced by ethylene, exogenous abscisic acid (ABA), cold and heat stress
Expression is regulated by the cell integrity signaling pathway and by pheromone
Induced by auxin (e.g. 2,4D) (PubMed:16024589, PubMed:28586421, PubMed:29258424). Up-regulated by brassinosteroids (e.g. brassinolide) (PubMed:29258424). Highly induced by a synergistic combination of auxin (e.g. IAA) and brassinolide. Accumulates in response to reduced red:far-red (R:FR) light, during shade; this light response can be attenuated by AGL8/FUL in the stem. Repressed by AGL8/FUL in stems and inflorescence branches (PubMed:28586421). Accumulates in reduced red/far-red light ration (R:FR) conditions mimicking shaded conditions (PubMed:29258424)
Up-regulated by p53/TP53 (at protein level) (PubMed:16839880). Rapidly up-regulated by p53/TP53 (PubMed:16140933, PubMed:16839880, PubMed:19713938). Up-regulated in glioma cell line in a p53/TP53-independent manner (PubMed:22887998)
Expression is inhibited in the presence of copper. Expression is increased in polymicrobial biofilms during coinfection with S.aureus
By temperature-induced mass conversion from opaque to white colonies. WH11 is abruptly activated at the second cell doubling
Renal renin is synthesized by the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney in response to decreased blood pressure and sodium concentration
Repressed by glucose. Cotranscribed with NAM7 in the absence of CYP1
By epidermal growth factor and is increased in FR3T3 and RAT-1 fibroblasts transformed by polyoma virus, Rous sarcoma virus, or the human cellular H-Ras oncogene
Expressed in response to mechanical wounding and insect herbivory in leaves. Not expressed in uninjured leaves
By type I interferon (PubMed:36943869). Down-regulated by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) in bone marrow stroma cells
During prestationary growth. By ethanol and in the presence of air by heat shock. Inactivated by isopropanol and 20 mM 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole
Induced by fructoselysine. Makes part of the frl operon with FrlA, FrlB, FrlC and FrlD
Azole exposure induced expression via regulation by the transcription factor PDR1 that stimulates gene expression via binding to elements called pleiotropic drug response elements (PDREs) (PubMed:15388433, PubMed:19148266, PubMed:25199772, PubMed:29464833). Expression is up-regulated in azole-resistant isolates and in presence of fluconazole (PubMed:9661006, PubMed:16803598, PubMed:17581937, PubMed:18782778, PubMed:19196495, PubMed:20038613, PubMed:27486188, PubMed:29371812). Loss of mitochondrial functions leads to increased expression (PubMed:21321146). Expression is temporary increased during the intermediate phase of biofilm development (PubMed:18651314). Expression is down-regulated by the transcription factor STB5 (PubMed:23229483). Expression is negatively regulated by the transcription factor JJJ1 via inactivation of the PDR1 transcriptional pathway (PubMed:29507891). Expression is also decreased by amphotericin B in voriconazole-resistant strains (PubMed:21282443)
By X-rays
Up-regulated in the stem epidermis during active wax synthesis (PubMed:16299169). Induced in roots during drought and salt stresses, and upon abscisic acid (ABA) treatment (PubMed:30729606)
Not induced by brassinolide
Up-regulated in ischemic hearts
By iron starvation and Fur
Expressed specifically during the late G1 and S phases
Rapidly induced by auxin (IAA) and analogs, indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and naphthylacetic acid (NAA). Expression level is gradually decreased as the panicle matures
Carboxysome size and components vary with growth conditions. When grown in ambient air at medium light (50 uE meter(-2) second(-1)) there are 74 units of this protein per carboxysome, the numbers decrease under low light and high CO(2), and increase under high light (at protein level)
Induced by cold/dark treatment, 2,4-D, epibrassinolide (EBR), sodium chloride (NaCl) and cadmium (Cd)
Expression is controlled by flbA, flbS and fluG (PubMed:19850144)
By genotoxic stress and by DNA damage (PubMed:15165187). Negatively regulated by the key immune regulator SNI1 (PubMed:24207055)
By X-ray irradiation immediately after exposure and is then down-regulated two-fold in an X-ray radiation-resistant cell clone. Responds differently to X-ray radiation in clones of varying radiation responses
Highly up-regulated by osmotic stress (PubMed:24309377, PubMed:17485404). Also induced during oxidative and starvation stresses (PubMed:17485404)
Nutritional conditions, such as food deprivation, and higher temperature during the larval stage increase protein expression in the adult flies (Ref.7, PubMed:19581445). Levels of expression at the pupal stage are phenocritical for the cu-dependent wing phenotype (PubMed:19581445). In the dorsal neurons DN3, a subgroup of clock neurons, accumulates rhythmically with a peak around ZT12 (PubMed:19966839)
Up-regulated in breast cancers (PubMed:22341523)
Induced upon parasitic infection of insects
By iron limitation and to a smaller extent by manganese limitation. Regulated by IdiB. May also be indirectly regulated by DpsA and Fur
By aggregated low-density lipoprotein
Expression is repressed in iron-replete media (PubMed:28610916)
Negatively regulated by ASYMMETRIC LEAVES1 (AS1) and ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2 (AS2)
Ty1-ER1 is a highly expressed element. Induced under amino acid starvation conditions by GCN4
Up-regulated by an increase in cellular dCTP pool
Induced by the microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP) flagellin (flg22) (PubMed:15181213). Induced by the Pseudomonas syringae effectors AvrB and AvrRpm1 (PubMed:21320696). Induced by 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) (PubMed:16258017). Down-regulated by UV-B (PubMed:17587374)
Induced by caspofungin, tunicamycin, during chlamydospore formation and during cell wall regeneration following protoplasting. Repressed by NRG1 and TUP1. Also regulated by TSA1
By GATA1 during erythroid maturation
Induced during the differentiation of the bloodstream form to the procyclic form
Induced upon iron deficiency, but no effect of copper or zinc starvation
Up-regulated by Noggin/NOG and retinoic acid. May be a direct retinoic acid target
Expressed with a circadian rhythm showing a peak 14 to 16 hours after sunrise regardless of day length. Induced in roots after infection by nematodes. Up-regulated by auxin and cytokinin and down-regulated by abscisic acid and temperature stress
Expression is up-regulated by laeA during mycelial growth in a liquid medium but laeA is not involved in alb1 regulation during conidial morphogenesis (PubMed:17630330). Expression is, at least in part, controlled by the cAMP/PKA signal transduction pathway (PubMed:16110796)
Expression is under both negative and positive control by the transcriptional regulator CodY (PubMed:26473603). The negative control is direct and the positive control is indirect and mediated by another transcriptional regulator, ScoC (or Hpr), which, in turn, is repressed by CodY (PubMed:26473603). Thus, CodY and ScoC form a feed-forward regulatory loop in which CodY acts an indirect positive regulator of braB (PubMed:26473603). This feed-forward regulatory loop at the braB promoter is an arrangement in which two regulatory proteins repress the same target gene and one of the regulators represses expression of the other (PubMed:26473603)
By gibberellin (GA3) and submergence
Circadian-regulation. Expression is higher during the late light phase than during the dark phase
Strongly up-regulated during the differentiation of primary oligodendrocyte cells
Expression is induced by fluconazole and repressed by caspofungin (PubMed:15917516). Expression is also repressed during biofilm formation (PubMed:19527170)
Repressed by pioglitazone, fenofibrate and PPARA agonists. Induced by testosterone
Inhibited by a shortage of insulin and an increase of glucagon
In roots by phosphate starvation. Repressed by the Pi analog phosphite (Phi)
Induced by salt stress (0.5 M NaCl) under control of rre1 and hik34 (PubMed:15805106). Transcription induced by 0.5 M NaCl, 0.5 M sorbitol, heat shock (45 degrees Celsius) and benzyl alcohol (a membrane fluidifier) but not H(2)O(2) or high-light treatment; the induction kinetics are not all the same. Response to all stresses is mediated (in part) by two-component system rre1 and hik34. Expressed at a low constitutive level, protein levels increase 2 hours after sorbitol exposure and 8 hours after NaCl exposure (at protein level). Protein levels do not change upon heat shock (followed for 24 hours) (PubMed:19411329)
Not regulated by auxin (PubMed:20798316). Accumulates in both root epidermis and cortex after phosphate ion (Pi)-deprivation (PubMed:25856240)
Not induced by abscisic acid, paraquat, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate, ethanol, salt, sorbitol, cold, heat or low oxygen stresses
Up-regulated in response to DNA damage due to UV light or exposure to cisplatin. Unaffected by exposure to hydrogen peroxide
Part of the flmC-flmA operon; the antisense antitoxin RNA flmB of this system overlaps the ribosome-binding site and first 3 codons of flmC on the opposite strand
Induced by abscisic acid (ABA) and abiotic stresses, such as drought, cold, and salt stresses, in an abscisic acid (ABA)- dependent manner
Induced rapidly and transiently by the Sinorhizobium meliloti synthesized lipochitooligosaccharide signal molecule (Nod factor RmlV) in early steps of nodulation, during the preinfection period, prior to the colonization by S.meliloti and nodule morphogenesis (PubMed:7696879, PubMed:15516512). Triggered by reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide H(2)O(2), possibly in response to S.meliloti in the nodulation zone of roots (PubMed:12059100)
By 20-hydroxyecdysone at the onset of metamorphosis
Frequently down-regulated in rhabdomyosarcoma
Expressed in actively growing cells, positively regulated by alternative sigma factor SigD, probably directly
Expression is repressed by upstream TubR (at protein level). Probably part of the tubR-tubZ operon
In concanavalin A-treated splenocytes
Induced 3-fold by the beta-lactam antibiotic cefuroxime
Circadian-regulated, with a peak in expression at the beginning of the light period
Expressed during stationary phase, induced at 45 degrees Celsius (at protein level), at a post-transcriptional level
Expressed during early meiotic prophase
Induced by ER stress
By transcription factor AFT2 upon iron deprivation
Up-regulated by biochanin and phaseollinisoflavan
By DNA damage. This up-regulation is due to protein stabilization. The constitutive protein levels are controlled by MDM2-mediated ubiquitination and degradation via the proteasome pathway
By prolonged exposure to bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in acute monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1 cells
Induced by 5-fluorouracil. Strongly induced at 16 degrees Celsius. Expression is dependent on RpoS, repressed by YcgE. At 16 degrees Celsius with blue light irradiation, expression of this operon is absolutely dependent on YcgF for relief from YcgE repression. Part of the ycgZ-ymgA-ariR-ymgC operon
Expression is positively regulated by the oosporein cluster specific regulator OpS3 that binds the promoter at a 5'-CGGA-3' motif (PubMed:26305932)
In liver, by 3,4,5,3',4'-pentachlorobiphenyl and 3-methylcholanthrene (at protein level)
Induced by p-cumate
Expression is positively regulated by BCR1 and FKH2. Transcription is greater during growth of the yeast form as compared to the mycelial form, and down-regulated by micafungin treatment
Expression is induced by nitric oxide (NO) and HOG1; and repressed by osmotic stress, oxidative stress, and heavy metal stress. Expression is also regulated by TSA1
Up-regulated by the transcription factor AGAMOUS (PubMed:15254538). Regulated by ATXR3/SDG2 via chromatin methylation (PubMed:21037105). Triggered by TGA9 and TGA10 in anthers (PubMed:20805327)
Strongly induced by ionizing radiation in a dose-dependent way. Regulated by ATM in response to DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) (at protein level)
By salt and drought stresses, and abscisic (ABA) treatment. Down-regulated by cold and freezing stresses
Expression controlled by its antitoxin GhoS, which digests ghoT transcripts in a sequence-specific manner (PubMed:22941047). Post-transcriptionally regulated by MqsR which acts on the ghoST transcript selectively, degrading the ghoS segment while leaving ghoT intact; conditions which induce MqsR (e.g. overexpression, nalidixic acid, azolocillin or H(2)O(2)) decrease ghoS expression and thus increase ghoT transcripts (PubMed:23289863)
Not induced by heat or cold treatments, H(2)O(2), dehydration, abscisic acid, 2,4-D, ACC, methyl jasmonate or salicylic acid. Weak induction by salt stress and pathogen induction
In the adult brain by sleep deprivation (at protein level). Up-regulated after bacterial infection in the whole adult body and in brains of some flies
Circadian-regulation. Up-regulated by light
Expressed during transition into stationary phase, expression is equal at 28 and 37 degrees Celsius. Expression is RpoS dependent
Expressed by the motility sigma factor SigD
Up-regulated by wounding, insect and fungal treatments, abscisic acid, etephon, salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate
By abscisic acid (ABA) and salt stresses
Expression is induced 6 hours after starvation. Down-regulated by Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection (strains PAO1 and PA14)
Induced by neural activity and by the activity-regulated neurotrophins BDNF and NTF3
Expressed in both exponential and stationary phase; expression is considerably higher during stationary phase (at protein level)
By heavy metals, abscisic acid (ABA) and infection with rice blast fungus (M.grisea). Down-regulated by high temperature and UV-C
Cell-cycle regulated expression with accumulation during the G1-to-S phase (PubMed:15689342). Accumulates in response to auxin. Expression levels correlate with genes involved in ribosome biogenesis and function (PubMed:17024182)
Starvation of yeast cells may stimulate activity of IME1 through a post-translational mechanism
Expression is induced during the early biotrophic stage of development
By the proteasome inhibitors MG132 and lactacystin. By intoxication with 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DCC). By okadaic acid and kainate (at protein level). Isoform 1 and isoform 2 relative amounts are changed upon up-regulation of the expression by NGF
Enzyme activity is not detectable when grown anaerobically
By not induced by salicylic acid
Expression is slightly repressed by glucose
By cold treatment and during Pi starvation
Transcribed in the gut of mice with diabetes mellitus (db/db mice)
By salt, cold, calcium, sucrose and cytokinins in young seedlings, and by light in the shoot of etiolated seedlings. Induction by cold inhibited by the calcium ionophore A23187. Induction by calcium inhibited by the Ca(2+)-channel blocker La(3+), and by A23187
Up-regulated by cold stress and down-regulated by salt stress and dehydration stress
In testis, down-regulated by estrogen
By nitric oxide and DMSO in HL-60 cells, an acute myeloid leukemia cell line
Constitutively expressed (PubMed:19121005), repressed on shift from glucose minimal to glycerol minimal medium, induced in low oxygen (PubMed:19121005) (at protein level)
Up-regulated by osmotic stress (PubMed:22279586). Not regulated by cold stress (PubMed:7907506)
Circadian-regulation under short day (SD) conditions. Expression increases after dawn, peaks just before dusk and gradually decreases during the dark period
By HIV-1 infection
Induced in the presence of L-nicotine and D-nicotine (PubMed:5849820). Expressed during logarithmic growth and stationary phase (PubMed:4019415)
Up-regulated by NaCl, mannitol, low temperature, H(2)O(2), methyl viologen, and abscisic acid (ABA)
Circadian-regulation under long day (LD) conditions. Expression increases after the beginning of the dark period, peaks at dawn, stays high four hours and gradually decreases until sunset
Expression is slightly increased during growth on ethanol
By fungus Bipolaris sorokiniana infection
By salt and infection with the bacterial pathogen P.syringae pv tomato
Induced by heat shock and low osmolarity
Slightly induced by cis-zeatin (cZ) and dihydrozeatin (DHZ) (PubMed:22642989)
Induced by transcription factor mei4
A member of the dormancy regulon. Induced in response to reduced oxygen tension (hypoxia), low levels of nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO). It is hoped that this regulon will give insight into the latent, or dormant phase of infection. Member of the Rv3134c-devR-devS operon
Accumulates in roots, in a RAM1-dependent manner, during colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (e.g. Glomus versiforme) (PubMed:26511916). Triggered by RAM1 (PubMed:26511916)
Induced at stationary phase, and by low temperatures
In the hippocampal neurons, down-regulated by sustained activity induced by increased extracellular potassium concentration for a prolonged time (2 - 5 hours) (at protein level)
Expression is also positively regulated by stuA (PubMed:21148688)
After bulbectomy or lesion of the olfactory bulb
Maternal Phlda2 allele is activated, while paternal Phlda2 is repressed due to genomic imprinting
By auxin and salicylic acid (SA)
By PPARG
Expressed at the early exponential growth phase, decreases through exponential phase and reaches a steady-state level at post-exponential phase. Repressed by MgrA and SarA. Activated by Rot and SarT. Transcription is also dependent on SigA and SigB factors. Is activated by SigB in strains harboring an intact sigB operon (rsbU, rsbV, rsbW, and sigB) (By similarity)
By stress, including UV light, ozone and pathogens such as B.cinerea. Strongly induced by ergosterol, a non-specific fungal elicitor. Positively regulated by jasmonate (JA) and methyl-jasmonate (MeJA). Induction by phytopathogen attack decreases with grape berry ripening
Transiently induced shortly after the switch from aerobic to anaerobic growth (at protein level)
By histidine and urocanate
By light, NaCl, abscisic acid (ABA), wounding, and glucose stresses. Repressed by H(2)O(2) and cytokinin
Up-regulated in leaves of mycorrhizal plants upon arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbioses with G.intraradices
By leptin. Highly expressed in hypothalamus following leptin injection
Regulated by iron in a Fur-dependent manner
Protein abundance is reduced via proteasomal degradation in response to P.gingivalis infection of gingival epithelial cells
By alpha interferon. Induced in pancreas during caerulein-induced pancreatitis. Induced in pancreas under systemic-lipopolysaccharide treatment and in intestine under Salmonella infection
Seems to repress its own expression
Up-regulated in response to neuronal activity
Up-regulated by fungal infection
Induced by heat shock
Up-regulated by growth factors and mitogens
Expressed in aerobic conditions
By UV treatment and methyl methanesulfonate (MMS)
Induced during stress conditions
Strongly down-regulated during embryonic stem cell differentiation induced either by retinoic acid treatment, or by cell adhesion prevention leading to embryoid body formation
Down-regulated in thymocytes upon TCR engagement (at protein level)
Down-regulated in prostate cancer
By light (at protein level). Down-regulated by dark (at protein level)
By ethylene, abscisic acid (ABA), wounding, lead, dark and infection with the bacterial pathogen P.syringae pv. tomato
Induced by infection with avirulent Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000) carrying the avirulence gene avrRpt2. Down-regulated by Pst DC3000 virulence factors AvrE and HopM1
Up-regulated under iron-deficient conditions in root and shoot tissues
By cold and high light
Constitutively expressed. Is up-regulated when cells are grown on lactose (by comparison with cells grown on glucose), or when the bacterium is incubated with human or bovine lactoferrin
Induced by auxin (e.g. IAA) (PubMed:19000166). Accumulates in response to salt (NaCl) (PubMed:21838775)
Part of the toxIN operon. The operon is repressed by ToxI and ToxN together, but not by ToxI alone (ToxN alone cannot be tested as it is toxic) (PubMed:19633081). About 90% of transcripts terminate after toxI, approximately 10% include toxN (PubMed:19124776). Constitutively expressed in P.atrosepticum strain 1043 in the presence and absence of phage phiTE infection (at protein level) (PubMed:23109916)
Expressed during human infection
Induced by abscisic acid (ABA) and salt stress (NaCl) (PubMed:20212128). Up-regulated by ZAT18 upon drought (PubMed:28586434)
Mainly expressed when grown on xylan and much less on L-arabitol, L-arabinose and D-xylose. Expression is under the control of the carbon catabolite repressor creA
Up-regulated in cells that are either actively phagocytosing bacteria or in cells that have been cultured under conditions that promote the generation of cells that are competent to fuse with the opposite mating type during sexual reproduction
Regulated by the RFX-type transcription factor daf-19
By Pi deficiency in roots and shoots
Transient accumulation in response to toxic levels of aluminum (Al). Stably activated by vernalization; vernalization and subsequent growth in long-day photoperiods have an additive or synergistic effect on this activation. Induced by both cold and salt
By DNA-damaging agents including UV, MNNG, gamma rays, bleomycin and streptozotocin
By chromate
Expressed in the presence of insoluble Fe(3+) oxide and during growth with fumarate as the sole electron acceptor, but not during growth on soluble Fe(3+) citrate (PubMed:16332857). Induced in the cocultures with G. metallireducens (PubMed:23377933)
By singlet oxygen (1)O(2)
By infection with the cucumber mosaic virus (CMV)
Expression is increased 50-fold during the establishment of developmental competence (PubMed:1516832, PubMed:2062309, PubMed:17630328). Expression is positively controlled by brlA (PubMed:1516832). Expression is also regulated by the LAMMER kinase lkhA (PubMed:23516554)
Under conditions of iron limitation and oxidative stress
Induced by pathogen elicitors flg22 and elf18
Is constitutively expressed and is not up-regulated upon macrophage infection or by exposure to environmental stress when grown in vitro
Up-regulated upon hypoxia
Stronger levels in light
Rapid increase in response to severe radiation stress (gamma rays or UV-B). Returns to basal level 45 min after the radiation injury. Also induced by mastoparan and by the hypersensitive response elicitor harpin. In this later case, induction is also observed in the leaves adjacent to those that were infiltrated with harpin
Down-regulated by drought stress
Up-regulated by abscisic acid (ABA) and salt. Down-regulated by cold and glucose
By rain-, wind-, and touch (thigmomorphogenesis), dark, heat and cold treatments, hydrogen peroxide, ABA and auxin
Exclusively expressed between the end of mitosis and early G1; inactivated before cells pass start
Part of the rapG-phrG operon (PubMed:12950930). Transcription of phrG only is controlled by the sigma-H factor (PubMed:12950930). Expression is rapidly induced in the transition state to stationary phase (PubMed:12950930)
By phosphate starvation and limiting magnesium, via the transcriptional regulator PhoP and the alarmone ppGpp
Down-regulated by HPV8 E6 papillomavirus (HPV) oncoprotein (at protein level)
Up-regulated during pregnancy and lactation
By Zn(2+) (PubMed:8188335). Expression is controlled by the prtT transcription factor (PubMed:19564390, PubMed:19564385)
By inflammation
By IFN-alpha/beta and IFN-gamma both at the level of CD48 mRNA and cell surface expression
In pancreatic islets, secretion is stimulated by IL1B (PubMed:23955712). In islets from Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats, but not lean animals, secretion is also increased by endocannabinoid anandamide/AEA (PubMed:23955712)
Significantly up-regulated expression with colloidal chitin and chito-oligomers, namely N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc), N,N'-diacetylchitobiose (GlcNAc)2 and N,N',N''-triacetylchitotriose (GlcNAc)3. Expression is unaffected by the oxidative-stress-generating agents tested including menadione, hydrogen peroxide and diamide
Expression peaks in early log phase and decreases dramatically during the stationary phase (at protein level)
By paraquat and 3-aminotriazole
Late-induced by Al treatment. Expression increased over 48 hours of Al treatment. Induced by oxidative stress. Up-regulated during a continuous drought stress. Early induced by benzothiadiazol, a chemical analog of salicylic acid. Enhanced expression following both compatible or incompatible pathogen attacks
In retina, expression exhibits a circadian rhythm in the presence of light/dark cycles. In the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), isoform 1 exhibited 24 hours oscillation, isoform 4 is constitutively expressed. Shows a circadian expression pattern in the intestine with peaks at ZT4 and ZT8
Up-regulated by doxycycline
Protein expression was detectable in the early exponential growth phase and its concentration constantly increased until the early stationary phase. Gene expression also greatly and rapidly increased during the early exponential growth, about 400-fold increase compared with its level in the cells before inoculation. Subsequently, the number of transcripts was reduced and a constant level was maintained until the last stage of exponential growth phase. In the stationary phase, the number of transcripts gradually decreased
Increased levels in several cerebral and systemic inflammatory conditions
At very low level by auxin
Dramatically up-regulated upon the transition from vegetative to reproductive development
Expression is induced by E2F1, E2F2 and E2F3. Expression is reduced in cells subject to numerous types of stress including UV-, IR- and bleomycin-induced DNA damage and by activation of p53/TP53
By oleate. Transcription is regulated by the transcription factors PIP2, OAF1 and ADR1. Weakly induced during sporulation in diploid cells
Expressed following a circadian rhythm with the highest level 4 hours into the light and the lowest level at the end of the night (PubMed:32064655, PubMed:26828406). Induced by osmotic stress (e.g. PEG), especially in the presence of hydrogen sulfide H(2)S (PubMed:34812898, PubMed:33924609). Accumulates in response to high light (HL) (PubMed:29770489)
By Pi starvation
By amyloid-beta
Isoform 1 and isoform 2 are amplified in glioblastoma cells
May be induced by p53/TP53, suggesting that it may be required to modulate p53/TP53 response. The relevance of such activity in vivo is however unclear and may not exist
Positively regulated via NR1H4/FXR
By growth in FRL (705-735 nm, 26-30 umol photons/m(2)/s) (PubMed:27386923)
Transiently down-regulated by microbial infection
Arc expression is regulated at transcription, post-transcription and translation levels (PubMed:19116276, PubMed:24094104). Expression is induced by neuronal and synaptic activity (PubMed:19116276, PubMed:24094104)
Expression is induced by exogenous alpha-factor (PubMed:16453635). Expression is repressed by ITC1, a subunit of the ISW2 chromatin remodeling complex (PubMed:12624196, PubMed:21969566)
Up-regulated upon mild cold-shock and hypoxia
Repressed by the HTH-type transcriptional regulator KdgR (PubMed:3571157). Induced by galacturonate and polygalacturonate, but not by external 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate (PubMed:3571157)
During S phase of the cell cycle. Expression is cell cycle regulated by HCM1
By oxidative compounds such as H(2)O(2)
Induced by growth on methanol carbon source (PubMed:10894726). Slightly induced by growth on the non-fermentable carbon source glycerol (PubMed:10894726). Not induced by histidine starvation (PubMed:10894726)
Positively modulated by global suppression of translation activated via integrated stress response
Down-regulated by MgrA. Up-regulated by NorG
Up-regulated in the mucosa of patients suffering of colorectal cancer
Not affected by altering tryptophan or tyrosine levels
Amplified and overexpressed in a number of cancers and is associated with poor prognosis (at protein level)
Induced by 17-beta-estradiol (estrogenic ligand) and 4-hydroxytamoxifen (agonist/antagonist ligand). Positively regulated by the transcription factors SP1 and NF-Y
Induced by oxidative stress and DNA damage. Isoform 4 is induced by hypoxia (through transactivation by HIF1A and SP1), but not isoform 1
Up-regulated 10- to 30-fold during entry into stationary phase, by hydrogen peroxide or diamide stress, by heat stress, and by growth in the presence of the proline analog azetidine-2-carboxylic acid
Induced in response to powdery mildew and by benzothiadiazole (BTH) treatment
Circadian-regulation with higher levels during the light period in flowers (PubMed:23275577). Activated by EOBII but repressed by ODO1 via the regulation of its promoter (PubMed:23275577)