Physical evidence refers to material traces and items that can prove the true situation of the case. The characteristics of physical evidence are its shape, quality, characteristics, and location, etc. , which reflect the facts of certain cases, and people can hereby prove the facts of the case. According to the above definition, which of the following is physical evidence? ['A scene of a traffic accident on the highway, a scene taken by a traffic police while surveying the scene.', 'In the case of a vicious homicide, witnesses who were reluctant to testify because of fear of retaliation.', 'Stolen vehicles recovered by the police in a local operation against motor theft.', 'The fingerprint identification report made by the appraiser based on the fingerprints taken by the police at the scene of the theft.']