['To assess the frequency and function of HIV-1-specific HLA-G CD8 T cells in HIV-1 controllers and progressors.', 'We performed an observational cross-sectional cohort analysis in untreated (n\u200a=\u200a47) and treated (n\u200a=\u200a17) HIV-1 patients with different rates of disease progression and n\u200a=\u200a14 healthy individuals.', 'We evaluated the frequency, the proportion and the function of total and virus-specific HLA-G CD8 T cells by tetramer or intracellular cytokine staining, followed by flow cytometric analysis. Cytokine secretion of sorted CD8 T cell subsets was evaluated by Luminex assays.', 'The proportion and the absolute frequency of HLA-G HIV-1-specific CD8 T cells were directly associated with CD4 T cell counts and inversely correlated with viral loads, while total or HLA-G-negative HIV-1-specific CD8 T cells were not. In functional assays, HLA-G CD8 T cells from HIV-1-negative individuals had higher abilities to produce the antiviral CCR5 ligands MIP-1β, MIP-1α and Rantes.'] Do hLA-G+ HIV-1-specific CD8 T cells are associated with HIV-1 immune control?