['Glatiramer acetate (GA, Copaxone®), a mixture of polymers comprising four amino acids, is approved for treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and clinically isolated syndrome. GA mediates its activity by induction of GA-specific T cells that shift the T cell balance from a dominant proinflammatory phenotype (Th1/Th17) to an anti-inflammatory phenotype (Th2/Treg).', 'To characterize the functional pathways by which GA acts on immune cells, the authors conducted gene expression profiling using glatiramoid-stimulated splenocytes.', 'Mice were immunized with GA and harvested splenocytes were reactivated ex vivo with GA or a purported generic GA. Gene expression profiles and functional pathways were evaluated in reactivated splenocytes.', 'Overall, 1,474 genes were significantly upregulated or downregulated by GA. The main functional pathways induced by GA were: increased proliferation and activation of immune cells including T and B lymphocytes, stimulation of antigen presenting cells and differentiation of effector T lymphocytes. T-helper cell differentiation was the most significant canonical pathway associated with gene transcripts altered by GA. These expression patterns were not observed when splenocytes were activated with generic GA.'] Does gene expression analysis reveal functional pathways of glatiramer acetate activation?