['Atrial fibrillation after pulmonary resection increases morbidity and costs. To evaluate the efficacy of low-dose oral amiodarone (LDOA) as prophylaxis for atrial fibrillation after pulmonary resection, we reviewed all patients 60 years or older having pulmonary resections by thoracotomy in a 30-month period.', 'We identified 31 patients who received prophylactic LDOA (200 mg by mouth every 8 hours) while hospitalized and 52 patients who received no prophylactic treatment. The groups were comparable for sex, age, comorbidities, and surgical procedure.', 'Twenty of 83 patients (24%) had postoperative atrial fibrillation: 17 of 52 patients (33%) without prophylaxis and 3 of 31 (9.7%) with prophylaxis (odds ratio, 0.221; 95% confidence interval, 0.059 to 0.829; p = 0.0253). The median total hospital charge was $30,800 (range, $20,400-$96,900) for 50 patients without prophylaxis and $26,700 (range, $11,000-$55,900) for 31 patients with prophylaxis (p = not significant). Patients receiving LDOA had lower accumulated charges per day of hospital stay (p = 0.0011).'] Does low-dose oral amiodarone prophylaxis reduce atrial fibrillation after pulmonary resection?