['Renal impairment after liver transplantation represents an important issue in the management of transplantation patients, particularly when those subjects may need prophylaxis for fungal or viral infection. Herein we report our experience with 12 transplantation patients receiving telbivudine 600 mg/d while on the waiting list, followed by treatment for 18 months after liver transplantation, showing an improvement on their renal function during the follow-up period.', 'Our series consisted of men with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related end-stage liver disease. The viral load decreased rapidly while on the waiting list once the patient was started on antiviral treatment. Those subjects were compared with 12 patients on lamivudine prophylaxis. All patients were evaluated for liver and renal function, immunosuppression trough levels, and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) before liver transplantation (T0) and at 3, 6, 12, and 18 months (T3, T6, T12, T18).', 'All patients received a calcineurin inhibitor immunosuppression-based regimen. Creatinine clearance (Modification of Diet in Renal Disease) was 67 mL/min at T0, with a statistically significant improvement after month 6 compared with those on lamivudine and with the value at the beginning of the prophylaxis (Mann-Whitney U test P<.05). Neither CPK nor transaminase serum levels increased throughout the study period. Once HBV DNA was cleared while on the waiting list, it remained negative throughout the follow-up period.'] Does telbivudine prophylaxis for hepatitis B virus recurrence after liver transplantation improve renal function?