['Ketosis prone type 2 diabetes (KPD) is an atypical form of diabetes described mainly in people of sub-Saharan African origin. Its pathogenesis is unknown, although we have previously described a high prevalence of glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency in patients with KPD. However, 50% of these deficient patients lacked the G6PD gene mutation. The isoforms of the transcription factor sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP-1) are known to stimulate G6PD gene expression, and some polymorphisms in the SREBP-1 gene (SREBF-1) have been described only in Africans. We investigated one of these, the Arg585Gln polymorphism, in a candidate gene approach for KPD.', 'We examined the presence of the Arg585Gln polymorphism in SREBF-1 in 217 consecutive unrelated Africans [73 patients with KPD, 80 with classical type 2 diabetes (T2D) and 64 nondiabetic subjects]. Patients underwent clinical and biochemical evaluations, and were assessed for G6PD activity and insulin secretion (glucagon test).', 'There were no differences in frequency of the Arg585Gln polymorphism and the 585Gln allele among the three groups (allele frequency: KPD: 0.089, T2D: 0.031, nondiabetic group: 0.070; P=0.1). When the 585Gln allele frequency was compared separately between patients with KPD and those with T2D, it was significantly higher in the former (P=0.032). There was no difference between carriers and noncarriers of the 585Gln allele regarding G6PD activity and insulin secretion.'] Is the polymorphism Arg585Gln in the gene of the sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 ( SREBP-1 ) a determinant of ketosis prone type 2 diabetes ( KPD ) in Africans?