['Direct hemoperfusion with a polymyxin B-immobilized column (PMX-DHP) adsorbs endotoxin and has been used for the treatment of septic shock. Yet, the mechanisms by which PMX-DHP acts on acute kidney injury are only partially understood.', 'Rats were anesthetized, tracheostomized, and placed on mechanical ventilation. The animals were randomized to three groups: a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) + dummy-DHP group (n = 10), a CLP + PMX-DHP group (n = 10), and a sham group (n = 4). Four hours after CLP, a dummy-DHP or PMX-DHP was performed for 1 h. The heart rate, mean arterial pressure, arterial blood gases, and plasma concentrations of creatinine, lactate, potassium, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10 were measured at 0 h and 8 h. Eight hours after CLP, the kidney was harvested, and histopathologic examination was performed. The expressions of cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 were examined by immunohistochemistry. A terminal deoxynucleotide transferase dUTP nick-end labeling assay was performed to detect apoptotic nuclei in kidney sections.', 'PMX-DHP maintained hemodynamics and the acid-base balance and significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the plasma concentrations of lactate, creatinine, potassium, IL-6, and IL-10 compared with dummy-DHP. PMX-DHP significantly (P < 0.001) attenuated the expressions of cleaved PARP and NF-κB p65 in renal tubular cells and renal tubular cell apoptosis compared with dummy-DHP.'] Does polymyxin B hemoperfusion prevent acute kidney injury in sepsis model?