['To compare embryo and oocyte data between a standard protocol and a luteal phase estradiol protocol.', 'Retrospective paired cohort analysis.', 'Private in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.', '60 poor-responder patients undergoing 120 IVF cycles.', 'Addition of luteal estradiol to the standard IVF protocol.', 'Number of embryos with > or = 7 cells on day 3 of development.', 'The luteal phase estradiol protocol showed a statistically significantly greater number of embryos with > or = 7 cells, oocytes retrieved, mature oocytes, and embryos than did the standard protocol. There was no difference between the two protocols with respect to basal antral follicle count, days of stimulation, number of follicles > or = 14 mm on day of surge, or endometrial thickness on day of surge. A trend toward improved pregnancy outcomes was found with the luteal estradiol protocol.'] Does a luteal estradiol protocol for expected poor-responders improve embryo number and quality?