['Previous studies among cancer patients have demonstrated that religious patients receive more aggressive end-of-life (EOL) care. We sought to examine the effect of religious affiliation on EOL care in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting.', 'We conducted a retrospective review of all patients admitted to any adult ICU at a tertiary academic center in 2010 requiring at least 2\xa0d of mechanical ventilation. EOL patients were those who died within 30\xa0d of admission. Hospital charges, ventilator days, hospital days, and days until death were used as proxies for intensity of care among the EOL patients. Multivariate analysis using multiple linear regression, zero-truncated negative binomial regression, and Cox proportional hazard model were used.', 'A total of 2013 patients met inclusion criteria; of which, 1355 (67%) affirmed a religious affiliation. The EOL group had 334 patients, with 235 (70%) affirming a religious affiliation. The affiliated and nonaffiliated patients had similar levels of acuity. Controlling for demographic and medical confounders, religiously affiliated patients in the EOL group incurred 23% (P\xa0=\xa00.030) more hospital charges, 25% (P\xa0=\xa00.035) more ventilator days, 23% (P\xa0=\xa00.045) more hospital days, and 30% (P\xa0=\xa00.036) longer time until death than their nonaffiliated counterparts. Among all included patients, survival did not differ significantly among affiliated and nonaffiliated patients (log-rank test P\xa0=\xa00.317), neither was religious affiliation associated with a difference in survival on multivariate analysis (hazard ratio of death for religious versus nonreligious patients 0.95, P\xa0=\xa00.542).'] Do religiously affiliated intensive care unit patients receive more aggressive end-of-life care?