Graphologists claim that it is possible to detect permanent character traits by examining people' s handwriting. For example, a strong cross on the "t"is supposed to denote enthusiasm. Obviously, however, with practice and perseverance people can alter their handwriting to include this feature. So it seems that graphologists must hold that permanent character traits can be changed. The argument against graphology proceeds by ['citing apparently incontestable evidence that leads to absurd consequences when conjoined with the view in question', 'arguing that a particular technique of analysis can never be effective when the people analyzed know that it is being used', 'demonstrating that an apparently controversial and interesting claim is really just a platitude', 'showing that proponents of the view have no theoretical justification for the view']