['Angiotensin II (ATII) type 1 receptor (AT1R) blocker (ARB) has been shown to inhibit neointimal formation. Bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs) give rise to smooth muscle (SM)-like cells at injured arterial wall and contribute to neointimal formation. However, role of the renin-angiotensin system in the homing process of SM-like cells during neointimal formation is unknown.', 'When human BM-MNCs and peripheral blood MNCs (PB-MNCs) were cultured under treatment with PDGF-BB and bFGF, these cells gave rise to SM-like cells with expression of alphaSMA, SMemb, and SM1 proteins. RT-PCR showed the expression of AT1R, ATII type 2 receptor (AT2R), alphaSMA, and SMemb mRNAs. ATII accelerated the differentiation of SM-like cells, which was inhibited by an ARB CV11974 (P<0.05). We then examined the effects of ATII, CV11974, and AT2R antagonist PD123319 on neointimal formation and BM-derived SM-like cell incorporation at injured arteries in vivo. BM from green fluorescence protein (GFP)-transgenic mice was transplanted to irradiated WT mice. GFP-BM chimera mice were subjected to wire injury on the left femoral artery. ATII (100 ng/kg/min) stimulated whereas CV11974 (1 mg/kg/d) inhibited neointimal formation. Number of GFP+ alphaSMA+ cells at neointima correlated with the intima/media ratio (r=0.69, P<0.05).'] Does angiotensin II receptor blocker inhibit neointimal hyperplasia through regulation of smooth muscle-like progenitor cells?