Editorial: The threat of harsh punishment for a transgression usually decreases one' s tendency to feel guilt or shame for committing that transgression, and the tendency to feel guilt or shame for committing a transgression reduces a person' s tendency to commit transgressions. Thus, increasing the severity of the legal penalties for transgressions may amplify people' s tendency to ignore the welfare of others. Which one of the following is an assumption required by the editorial's argument? ['The threat of harsh punishment deters people from committing transgressions only if this threat is at least sometimes carried out.', 'Everyone has at least some tendency to feel guilt or shame for committing extremely severe transgressions.', 'People who are concerned about threats to their own well-being tend to be less concerned about the welfare of others.', 'At least some actions that involve ignoring the welfare of others are transgressions.']