Principle: Anyone who has more than one overdue book out on loan from the library at the same time must be fined if some of the overdue books are not children' s books and that person has previously been fined for overdue books. Application: Since three of the books that Kessler currently has out on loan from the library are overdue, Kessler must be fined. Which one of the following, if true, justifies the above application of the principle? ["None of the books that Kessler currently has out on loan from the library is a children's book and in previous years Kessler has returned various books late.", 'One of the overdue books that Kessler currently has out on loan from the library is a novel for adults, and Kessler was fined last year for returning this book late.', "Some of the books that Kessler currently has out on loan from the library are not children's books, and Kessler was fined last year for returning a children's book late.", 'Kessler has never before been fined for overdue books, but the three overdue books that Kessler currently has out on loan from the library are months overdue.']