After the campaign, the Dutch controlled virtually all of the Banda Islands. The English evacuated the island of Run, and had only intermittent presence on Nailaka. In the 1667 Peace of Breda the English formally gave up all claims to the islands. The islands were severely depopulated as a result of the campaign. Only about 1,000 out of the 15,000 inhabitants remained. To keep the island productive, the VOC repopulated the islands, mostly with slaves taken from the rest of modern-day Indonesia, India, the coast of China, working under command of Dutch planters . The original natives were also enslaved and were ordered to teach the newcomers about nutmeg and mace agriculture. The treatment of the slaves were severe — the native Bandanese population dropped to one hundred by 1681, and 200 slaves were imported annually to keep the slave population steady at 4,000.. Who took over the islands after the English left?