['Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality among solid organ transplant recipients. Prophylaxis using valganciclovir (VGCV) in orthotopic liver transplant (OLT) recipients is not approved by the Food and Drug Administration and its use is controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of VGCV in CMV prophylaxis in OLT recipients.', 'We carried out a retrospective, single-centre study including all OLT procedures performed during 2005-2008. Patients with early death (at ≤ 30 days), without CMV serology or prophylaxis, or with follow-up of <1 year were excluded.', 'The overall incidence of CMV disease was 6% (n= 9). The ganciclovir (GCV) and VGCV groups had similar incidences of CMV disease (4.6% vs. 7.0%; P= 0.4) and similar distributions of disease presentation (CMV syndrome vs. tissue-invasive CMV; P= 0.4). Incidences of CMV infection, as well as disease presentation, were similar between the high-risk (CMV D+/R-) and non-high-risk groups (P= 0.16). Although acute cellular rejection occurred more frequently in patients who developed CMV disease (P= 0.005), overall survival in these patients did not differ from that in patients who did not develop CMV infection (P= 0.5).'] Is valganciclovir an effective prophylaxis for cytomegalovirus disease in liver transplant recipients?