Indirect financing refers to units or individuals who have temporarily idle monetary funds through the form of deposits, or purchase of securities issued by financial institutions such as banks, trusts, insurance, etc. , and provide temporarily idle funds to these financial intermediaries before These financial institutions provide funds to some units through loans, discounts, and securities purchases, and these units that have obtained funds have realized indirect financing. According to the above definition, which of the following is indirect financing? ['Banks absorb stored funds and lend to private companies.', 'Financial investors invest personal property in new industries.', 'The state issues bonds and receives funds for the education industry.', 'Listed companies issue stocks to the society for financing and promote the development.']