In virtually any industry, technological improvements increase labor productivity, which is the output of goods and services per person-hour worked. In Parland' s industries, labor productivity is significantly higher than it is in Vergia' s industries. Clearly, ttherefore, Parland' s industries must, on the whole, be further advanced technologically than Vergia' s are. The argument is most vulnerable to which of the following criticisms? ['It takes a condition to be the effect of something that happened only after the condition already existed.', 'It takes one possible cause of a condition to be the actual cause of that condition without considering any other possible causes.', 'It makes a distinction that presupposes the truth of the conclusion that is to be established', 'It presents as evidence in support of claim information that is inconsistent with other evidence presented in support of the same claim']