['This study aimed to investigate the role of the neurotensin/neurotensin receptor I (NTSR1) complex in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) progression.', 'The expression of neurotensin and NTSR1 was studied by transcriptome analysis and immunohistochemistry in two series of 74 and 139 consecutive patients with pathologic stage I NSCLC adenocarcinoma. The findings were correlated with clinic-pathologic features. Experimental tumors were generated from the malignant human lung carcinoma cell line A459, and a subclone of LNM35, LNM-R. The role of the neurotensin signaling system on tumor growth and metastasis was investigated by small hairpin RNA-mediated silencing of NTSR1 and neurotensin.', 'Transcriptome analysis carried out in a series of 74 patients showed that the positive regulation of NTSR1 put it within the top 50 genes related with relapse-free survival. Immunohistochemistry revealed neurotensin- and NTSR1-positive staining in 60.4% and 59.7% of lung adenocarcinomas, respectively. At univariate analysis, NTSR1 expression was strongly associated with worse 5-year overall survival rate (P = 0.0081) and relapse-free survival (P = 0.0024). Multivariate analysis showed that patients over 65 years of age (P = 0.0018) and NTSR1 expression (P = 0.0034) were independent negative prognostic factors. Experimental tumor xenografts generated by neurotensin- and NTSR1-silenced human lung cancer cells revealed that neurotensin enhanced primary tumor growth and production of massive nodal metastasis via autocrine and paracrine regulation loops.'] Does neurotensin receptor 1 determine the outcome of non-small cell lung cancer?