['We have previously reported that brief pressure overload of the left ventricle reduced myocardial infarct (MI) size. However, the role of protein kinase C (PKC) remains uncertain. In this study, we investigated whether pressure overload reduces MI size by activating PKC.', 'MI was induced by a 40-minute occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery and a 3-hour reperfusion in anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats. MI size was determined using triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining. Brief pressure overload was achieved by two 10-minute partial snarings of the ascending aorta, raising the systolic left ventricular pressure 50% above the baseline value. Ischemic preconditioning was elicited by two 10-minute coronary artery occlusions and 10-minute reperfusions. Dimethyl sulfoxide (vehicle) or calphostin C (0.1\xa0mg/kg, a specific inhibitor of PKC) was administered intravenously as pretreatment.', 'The MI size, expressed as the percentage of the area at risk, was significantly reduced in the pressure overload group and the ischemic preconditioning group (19.0\xa0±\xa02.9% and 18.7\xa0±\xa03.0% vs. 26.1\xa0±\xa02.6% in the control group, where p\xa0<\xa00.001). Pretreatment with calphostin C significantly limited the protection by pressure overload and ischemic preconditioning (25.2\xa0±\xa02.4% and 25.0\xa0±\xa02.3%, where p\xa0<\xa00.001). Calphostin C itself did not significantly affect MI size (25.5\xa0±\xa02.4%). Additionally, the hemodynamics, area at risk, and mortality were not significantly different.'] Does brief pressure overload of the left ventricle reduce myocardial infarct size via activation of protein kinase C?