['According to the current Japanese Classification of Gastric Cancer, patients with peritoneal cytology-positive (CY1) gastric cancer are classified as stage IV and the curative potential of resection for these patients is regarded as non-curative.', 'We compared the clinical outcome of CY1 patients (n=55) with those of patients with other non-curative factors (n=87), to clarify the optimal surgical strategy for CY1 patients.', 'The 5-year survival rate of CY1 patients was 10.8%, which was significantly better than that observed in the patients with the other non-curative factors. Among CY1 cases, survival outcome of the patients with lymph node metastasis limited to within group 2 was significantly better than the patients with group 3 lymph node metastasis.'] Does d2-lymphadenectomy improve the survival of patients with peritoneal cytology-positive gastric cancer?