['To assess the evolution of outer retinal folds (ORFs) occurring after repair of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) using spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (sd-OCT) and fundus autofluorescence (FAF), and to discuss their pathogenesis.', 'Twenty patients were operated on with 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy and 20% sulfur hexafluoride gas injection for primary macula-off RRD repair and were followed prospectively. Sd-OCT and FAF images were recorded at 1, 3 and 6 months postoperatively.', 'ORFs appeared on sd-OCT as hyperreflective lesions consisting of folded inner segment/outer segment of photoreceptors band and external limiting membrane band. Corresponding lines of increased or decreased autofluorescence were observed on FAF. Over the follow-up, the thick hypoautofluorescent lines progressively evolved to thick hyperautofluorescent lines and to thin hyperautofluorescent lines and eventually disappeared. Concomitantly, OCT scans revealed that the corresponding hyperreflective lesions decreased in number, height, and size. In six cases FAF assessment at month 6 was precluded by cataract development.'] Does evolution of outer retinal fold occurring after vitrectomy for retinal detachment repair?