Defensive pessimism refers to individuals who have succeeded in past achievement situations, but still set a low level of expectations and repeatedly think about various possible outcomes when facing new and similar achievement situations. Based on the above definitions, Which of the following are defensively pessimistic:. ['Manager Zhang is an outstanding professional manager and has a good reputation in the industry, but he considers himself a loser when it comes to educating his children.', "Xiao Ming's performance in the mid-term exam is very unsatisfactory. As the final exam is approaching, he still has no confidence in himself and at the same time guesses the scores he may get.", 'The team coached by Coach Wang has won championships many times, but before each game, Coach Wang will tell players that they only need to do their best.', 'Xiao Li stood out in the selection contest of the talent competition organized by the company, but before the final, he was worried that others were stronger than himself, and it was difficult to have the confidence to win.']