['Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha is the regulatory subunit of a transcriptional complex, which controls the recruitment of multipotent progenitor cells and tissue repair in ischemic tissue by inducing stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1alpha expression. Because HIF-1alpha can be activated under normoxic conditions in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) by platelet products, we investigated the role of HIF-1alpha in SDF-1alpha-mediated neointima formation after vascular injury.', 'Wire-induced injury of the left carotid artery was performed in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. HIF-1alpha expression was increased in the media as early as 1 day after injury, predominantly in SMCs. Nuclear translocation of HIF-1alpha and colocalization with SDF-1alpha was detected in neointimal cells after 2 weeks. HIF-1alpha mRNA expression was induced at 6 hours after injury as determined by real-time RT-PCR. Inhibition of HIF-1alpha expression by local application of HIF-1alpha-siRNA reduced the neointimal area by 49% and significantly decreased the neointimal SMCs content compared with control-siRNA. HIF-1alpha and SDF-1alpha expression were clearly diminished in neointimal cells of HIF-1alpha-siRNA treated arteries.'] Does expression of HIF-1alpha in injured arteries control SDF-1alpha mediated neointima formation in apolipoprotein E deficient mice?