Psychologist: Some have argued that Freudian psychotherapy is the most effective kind because it is so difficult and time consuming. But surely this does not follow. Similar reasoning -- e. g. , concluding that a car-repair chain has the most effective technique for repairing cars because the cars it services receive so much work and spend so much time in the shop -- would never be accepted. The reasoning technique employed by the psychologist is that of attempting to undermine an argument by ['suggesting that a supposed cause of a phenomenon is actually an effect of that phenomenon', 'questioning the truth of its premises', 'presenting an analogous argument whose conclusion is thought to be obviously false', 'introducing a principle that contradicts the one on which the argument is based']