['Reports on hormone receptor expression of pancreatic cancer (PaCa) cells and treatment responses to antihormonal therapy are conflicting. We examined estrogen receptor (ER) expression in PaCa cells and investigated its function in estrogen-mediated cell proliferation.', 'Protein levels of ERalpha and ERbeta in 8 human PaCa lines were detected by Western blot analysis. Cell proliferation was measured by sulforhodamine B analysis. ER modulators included diethylstilbestrol (DES), estradiol (E2), 4-hydroxytamoxifen (Tam), genistein (Gen), and Coumestrol (Coum).', "ERalpha levels were detected in all eight, and ERbeta in seven cell lines. ERbeta/ERalpha ratio ranged from 0.4 to 111 (median: 6.4, >5 in seven lines). Median maximal growth stimulation (in %, observed at 20 to 200 nM) was 19 (DES), 39 (E2), 20 (Tam), 22 (Gen), and -9 (Coum); median maximal inhibition (at 40 to 60 microM) was 59 (DES), 36 (E2), 25 (Tam), 43 (Gen), and 50 (Coum). The extent of E2 and Gen stimulatory effects correlated with the ERbeta/ERalpha ratio (Kendall's tau: 0.714, P = 0.024), but not ERalpha or ERbeta levels alone. Only Coum-induced inhibition correlated with the ERbeta/ERalpha ratio (P = 0.006) and with ERalpha expression (r = 0.753, P = 0.03). Gemcitabine-induced PaCa cytotoxicity (at IC(40)) was significantly reduced by E2, Gen, and Coum."] Does estrogen receptor beta/alpha ratio predict response of pancreatic cancer cells to estrogens and phytoestrogens?