['To determine the presence or absence of a second form of GnRH (GnRH2) and corresponding receptor (GnRHR2) in human uterine myometrium and leiomyomata.', 'Evaluation of human leiomyoma and patient-matched myometrium of differential mRNA and protein expression of GnRH2 and GnRHR2.', 'University hospital.', 'Eight women undergoing medically indicated hysterectomy for symptomatic fibroids.', 'Microarray analysis, reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), real-time RT-PCR, and immunohistochemistry.', 'Expression of mRNA and protein in leiomyoma and patient-matched myometrium.', 'Microarray analysis demonstrated expression, and we confirmed the findings by RT-PCR. Real-time RT-PCR demonstrated equivalent expression of the genes in leiomyoma compared with patient-matched myometrium (0.99-fold for GnRH2 and 1.28-fold for GnRHR2). Immunohistochemistry confirmed the expression of GnRH2 protein in both leiomyoma and myometrium.'] Do human myometrium and leiomyomas express gonadotropin-releasing hormone 2 and gonadotropin-releasing hormone 2 receptor?