['To determine whether adverse pathologic features, including tumor grade and percent positive biopsy (PPB) cores, predict for prostate size reduction after neoadjuvant cytoreductive therapy.', 'Eighty-two consecutive patients who were diagnosed with prostate cancer by transperineal template-guided mapping biopsy (TTMB) received neoadjuvant cytoreductive therapy. The median number of biopsy cores was 59. Thirty patients received a leutinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist and bicalutamide, whereas 52 patients received bicalutamide (50mg daily) and dutasteride (0.5mg daily). A transrectal ultrasound volumetric study of the prostate gland and ellipsoid volume determinations of the prostate gland and transition zone (TZ) were obtained immediately before TTMB and at 90 days (±7 days) after the initiation of neoadjuvant medical therapy. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of prostate gland and TZ volume reduction.', 'At TTMB, the mean prostate volumetric and ellipsoid volumes were 55.4\xa0cm(3) and 49.0\xa0cm(3), respectively. After neoadjuvant medical therapy, the mean volumetric and ellipsoid prostate volumes were 30.8\xa0cm(3) and 28.5\xa0cm(3), respectively. On average, the prostate volume decreased by 43.9% and 41.0% on volumetric and ellipsoid measurements, respectively. The TZ volume decreased from 19.8\xa0cm(3) to 10.1\xa0cm(3) (mean volume reduction of 47.7%). In multivariate analysis, prostate volume cytoreduction was most closely associated with PPB (p=0.014), TTMB prostate volume (p=0.01), and drug regimen (p=0.001).'] Are higher percentage of positive biopsy cores and Gleason score associated with a greater degree of prostate gland shrinkage after neoadjuvant cytoreductive therapy?