['To investigate the potential association of Y chromosome microdeletions with idiopathic recurrent spontaneous abortion (IRSA) in a Slovenian population and compare our results with those of previously published studies in different populations, with the intention of clarifying the potential impact of Y chromosome microdeletions on IRSA.', 'Case-control and association study.', 'Departments of gynecology and obstetrics and university-based research laboratory.', 'Male partners of 148 couples with at least three spontaneous pregnancy losses of unknown etiology, and 148 fertile men.', 'Multiplex polymerase chain reactions.', 'Azoospermia factor (AZF) regions were tested for Y chromosome microdeletions according to European Academy of Andrology/European Molecular Genetics Quality Network guidelines. The PubMed database was searched to retrieve articles linking Y chromosome microdeletions and susceptibility to IRSA.', 'None of the IRSA or control men had microdeletions in the AZFa, AZFb, or AZFc regions. A total of nine previous studies examined the relationship between Y chromosome microdeletions and IRSA, yielding contradictory results, which we discuss in detail.'] Are y chromosome azoospermia factor region microdeletions associated with idiopathic recurrent spontaneous abortion in a Slovenian population : association study and literature review?