['We evaluated the relationship of the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) S447X variant with serum lipid levels and the metabolic syndrome (MS) in the Turkish Adult Risk Factor (TARF) study. This is the first study examining this LPL variant in the Turkish population.', 'The sample comprised 1586 Turkish adults. Genotyping was performed using the Taqman allelic discrimination assay.', 'The X447 allele frequency was 0.11 (95% CI: 0.10-0.12). X447 allele carriers had significantly higher levels of HDL-C, LDL-C and total cholesterol; and lower fasting glucose, when compared with the SS genotype in females. In men, no significant association with any parameters was seen. The genotypic impact of the S447X variant on lipid levels appears to be modulated by environmental factors, such as cigarette smoking in women. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated a significantly reduced likelihood for metabolic syndrome in female X447 allele carriers (p=0.04), after adjustment for age, cigarette smoking, alcohol usage and physical activity grade.'] Is the S447X variant of lipoprotein lipase gene associated with metabolic syndrome and lipid levels among Turks?