['Although posttransplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is associated with poor long-term outcomes short-term outcomes are not well studied in renal transplant recipients (RTRs).', 'RTRs between January 1999 and December 2000 (n = 181) stratified according to the occurrence of diabetes mellitus (DM), namely, non-DM (n = 72), previous DM (n = 88), and PTDM (n = 21) were compared for infections, hospital readmissions, and graft rejections during the first 6 months posttransplantation.', 'PTDM showed patients affected by a significantly higher rate of infections (57.1% vs 29.2%) and recurrent infections (28.5% vs 11.1%) compared to non-DM and a trend toward an increase compared to previous DM. PTDM patients had a significantly higher incidence of multiple readmissions compared to both previous DM (52.4% vs 20.5%) and non-DM (52.4% vs 23.6%). Subjects with PTDM showed a significantly higher occurrence of rejection (28.6% vs 9.1%) and recurrent rejection (14.3% vs 2.3%) than previous DM and a greater trend compared to non-DM.'] Is development of diabetes mellitus post-renal transplantation associated with poor short-term clinical outcomes?