Civil law stipulates that a promise can be made by express or implied means. The so-called express is the promise method in which the actor directly expresses the meaning of the independent decision, including verbal and written instructions. Which of the following are not in the express category? ['Users apply for services by phone.', 'The user goes to the business hall to apply for a credit card.', 'Drive to a paid parking lot.', 'Authorize friends to apply for services.']