['To measure the CD8+ T-cell response to a melanoma peptide vaccine and to compare an every-2-weeks with an every-3-weeks vaccination schedule.', "Thirty HLA-A2-positive patients with resected stage I to III melanoma were randomly assigned to receive vaccinations every 2 weeks (13 vaccines) or every 3 weeks (nine vaccines) for 6 months. The synthetic, modified gp100 peptide, g209-2M, and a control peptide, HPV16 E7, were mixed in incomplete Freund's adjuvant and injected subcutaneously. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained before and after vaccination by leukapheresis were analyzed using a fluorescence-based HLA/peptide-tetramer binding assay and cytokine flow cytometry.", 'Vaccination induced an increase in peptide-specific T cells in 28 of 29 patients. The median frequency of CD8+ T cells specific for the g209-2M peptide increased markedly from 0.02% before to 0.34% after vaccination (P <.0001). Eight patients (28%) exhibited peptide-specific CD8+ T-cell frequencies greater than 1%, including two patients with frequencies of 4.96% and 8.86%, respectively. Interferon alfa-2b-treated patients also had significant increases in tetramer-binding cells (P <.0001). No difference was observed between the every-2-weeks and the every-3-weeks vaccination schedules (P =.59).'] Does adjuvant immunization of HLA-A2-positive melanoma patients with a modified gp100 peptide induce peptide-specific CD8+ T-cell responses?