["Regular treatment with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) is known to reduce airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) in asthma even after a single dose of fluticasone propionate (FP).", 'To determine whether this rapid protective effect of a single dose of FP is also present in COPD.', '23 mild asthmatic and 24 COPD subjects with documented AHR to both AMP and methacholine took part in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study to measure AHR to inhaled AMP and methacholine 2 h after either 1000 μg FP or matched placebo.', 'In subjects with asthma, 1000 μg FP in a single dose significantly attenuated the constrictor response to AMP, geometric mean (range) PC20AMP values increasing from a 19.2 (1.3-116.3) to 81.5 (9.6-1600.0) (p < 0.001; post-placebo vs post-FP) mg/ml. Change in the airways response to inhaled AMP after FP was well within test variability in patients with COPD, with PC20AMP values 59.6 (11.3-183.9) and 76.3 (21.0-445.3) (p = 0.022; post-placebo vs post-FP) mg/ml. Additionally, FP failed to significantly attenuate the bronchial response to methacholine in both asthma and COPD subjects. A change in doubling dilution, between placebo and following a single dose of FP, in AMP had a better sensitivity and specificity of 95.8% and 65.2%, compared to methacholine of 79.2% and 43.5% respectively in delineating between COPD and asthma.'] Does airway responsiveness to adenosine after a single dose of fluticasone propionate discriminate asthma from COPD?