['Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were established showing the poor prognosis in some diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and malignancies. The risk of mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) was higher than normal population. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between NLR, PLR, and all-cause mortality in prevalent hemodialysis (HD) patients.', 'Eighty patients were enrolled in study. NLR and PLR obtained by dividing absolute neutrophil to absolute lymphocyte count and absolute platelet count to absolute lymphocyte count, respectively. The patients were followed prospectively for 24\xa0months. The primary end point was all-cause mortality.', 'Mean levels of neutrophil, lymphocyte, and platelet were 3904\xa0±\xa01543/mm(3), 1442\xa0±\xa0494/mm(3), 174\xa0±\xa056\xa0×\xa010(3)/mm(3), respectively. Twenty-one patients died before the follow-up at 24\xa0months. Median NLR and PLR were 2.52 and 130.4, respectively. All-cause mortality was higher in patients with high NLR group compared to the patients with low NLR group (18.8 vs. 7.5\xa0%, p\xa0=\xa00.031) and in patients with higher PLR group compared to patients with lower PLR group (18.8 vs. 7.5\xa0%, p\xa0=\xa00.022). Following adjusted Cox regression analysis, the association of mortality and high NLR was lost (p\xa0=\xa00.54), but the significance of the association of high PLR and mortality increased (p\xa0=\xa00.013).'] Does platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio predict mortality better than neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in hemodialysis patients?