['To determine whether peripheral blood stem cell transplant (PBSCT) result in engraftment of donor stem cells in the recipient uterus.', 'Prospective clinical and laboratory research.', 'Translational medicine research hospital. PATIENT(S)/ANIMAL(S): Macaque and human bone marrow transplant recipients.', 'Rhesus macaques received autologous transduced immunoselected cytokine-mobilized CD34+ cells after total body irradiation. Vector constructs expressed green fluorescent protein. In the human subjects, prior PBSCT subjects underwent endometrial biopsy and bone marrow aspiration. Macaque and human endometrial and bone marrow cells were isolated and cultured. Fluorescent microscopy, flow cytometry, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to evaluate for the presence of donor-derived cells.', 'Presence of donor cells in recipient endometrium and bone marrow stroma.', 'The macaque endometrial cells did not exhibit evidence of green fluorescent protein labeling. Human endometrial cells were cultured and the absence of donor blood contamination was verified. The PCR evaluation of the human endometrial cells did not demonstrate evidence of donor short tandem repeats.'] Do peripheral blood stem cell transplants result in endometrial stromal engraftment?