['To determine if chronic lead exposure is associated with non-verbal memory performance and if this association is affected by organisation strategies, a component of executive functions.', 'We administered the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure (ROCF) test, both copy (ROCF-C) and 30-min delayed recall (ROCF-DR), to 358 current lead smelter workers with a mean (SD) age of 41 (9.1)\u2005years, education of 11 (2.7)\u2005years, and working lifetime-weighted average blood lead (TWA) of 39 (12.0)\u2005μg/dl. Copy and delay organisation scores, surrogates for executive functions, were developed for ROCF-C and ROCF-DR. We used multiple regression analyses to examine the relationship between TWA and ROCF performance, organisational scores, and the interaction of organisational scores and TWA after adjusting for relevant covariates.', 'Organisational scores, while not associated with years of education, were significantly correlated with ROCF-C and ROCF-DR performance. We found a significant relationship between TWA and ROCF-DR but not with ROCF-C performance. The interactions of TWA by copy organisation and TWA by delay organisation were significant for ROCF-DR with a significant dose-effect relationship only in participants with lower organisational scores.'] Does executive function modify the relationship between occupational lead exposure and complex figure test performance?