['Bilirubin may protect against atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). The heme oxygenase pathway is crucial for bilirubin generation, and is stimulated by adiponectin. We tested the relationship of plasma bilirubin with adiponectin, and determined whether the association of incident CVD with bilirubin is modified by adiponectin.', 'A community-based prospective nested case-control study (PREVEND cohort) was carried out in 87 non-diabetic men who developed a first cardiovascular event (cases) and 94 controls during a median follow-up of 6.1 (2.8-10.6) years.', 'In all subjects combined, bilirubin was positively related to adiponectin (r\xa0=\xa00.205, P\xa0=\xa00.006). Age-adjusted incident CVD was inversely associated with bilirubin (hazard ratio (HR): 0.80 (95% CI 0.65-0.99), P\xa0=\xa00.048), independently of adiponectin (HR: 0.78 (95% CI 0.63-0.97), P\xa0=\xa00.027). Adiponectin did not modify the association of CVD with bilirubin (interaction term: P\xa0=\xa00.65). After additional adjustment for CVD risk factors, neither the association of incident CVD with bilirubin nor with adiponectin remained significant (P\xa0>\xa00.20 for both), and there was again no interaction between bilirubin and adiponectin on CVD risk (P\xa0=\xa00.67).'] Is the inverse association of incident cardiovascular disease with plasma bilirubin unaffected by adiponectin?