['Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are pleiotropic growth factors. This paper investigates the connection between the expression pattern of BMPs in kidney allograft tissue versus the cause of allograft dysfunction.', 'The expression pattern of BMP2, BMP4, BMP6 and BMP7 in 50 kidney allografts obtained by transplant nephrectomy is investigated. Immunohistochemical staining is semiquantitatively evaluated for intensity to identify the expression pattern of BMPs in normal and allograft kidney tissues.', 'The expression of BMP4 is unique between different tubular cell types in grafts without signs of fibrosis. This effect is not found in specimens with high grades of interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IFTA). In samples with IFTA grades II and III, the BMP7 expression is reduced in a significant fraction of specimens relative to those without signs of IFTA. The expression pattern of BMP6 indicates that its activation may be triggered by the act of transplantation and subsequent reperfusion injury. The expression of BMP2 is strong in all types of tubular epithelial cells and does not differ between the compared allografts and control kidney specimens.'] Is expression of bone morphogenetic proteins 4 , 6 and 7 downregulated in kidney allografts with interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy?