['To examine the dietary intake of total sugar, added sugar, non-added sugar and starch as well as dietary fibre and glycaemic index (GI) and their respective associations with insulin resistance.', 'Mixed linear models were used to study both cross-sectional and prospective associations between carbohydrate components and insulin resistance separately in girls and boys. Diet was assessed by a single 24 h recall interview and insulin resistance was calculated using the homoestasis model assessment (HOMA).', 'The Danish part of the European Youth Heart Studies (EYHS) I and II.', 'Girls and boys at 8-10 and 14-16 years from EYHS I (n 651) and 8-10-year-olds from baseline followed up 6 years later in EYHS II (n 233).', 'Among girls, a difference in dietary total sugar of 43 g/MJ was associated with a 1 sd difference of HOMA and a difference in dietary fibre of -8 g/MJ was associated with a 1 sd difference of HOMA, independent of age, maturity and other confounders (both P = 0.03). No baseline associations were found among boys and no prospective associations were found in either sex.'] Is intake of total dietary sugar and fibre associated with insulin resistance among Danish 8-10- and 14-16-year-old girls but not boys . European Youth Heart Studies I and II?