['To determine whether varicocele is associated with retention of sperm cytoplasmic droplets in infertile men.', 'Retrospective study.', 'University infertility clinic.', 'Nonazoospermic men with idiopathic (n = 69) and varicocele-associated infertility (n = 73), and 20 fertile controls presenting for vasectomy.', 'None.', 'Standard semen parameters and percentage of spermatozoa with cytoplasmic droplets on Papanicolaou smears.', 'No statistically significant differences were found between the fertile and infertile groups with respect to semen volume. Fertile controls had significantly greater mean percent sperm motility and normal morphology than infertile men. The mean percentage of sperm with residual cytoplasm was statistically significantly different in all three groups. Infertile men with varicocele had the highest percentage of sperm with cytoplasmic droplets, the next highest level being in men with idiopathic infertility and the lowest level in fertile controls (11.7 +/- 1.0, 8.1 +/- 0.9 and 3.2 +/- 0.4%, respectively, P<.0001).'] Is varicocele associated with abnormal retention of cytoplasmic droplets by human spermatozoa?