['To determine the effects of dominant-negative TGF-beta receptor expression during liver regeneration in rats with dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced liver injury.', 'Rats were first treated with DMN for 3 weeks, and then intravenously injected once with AdTbeta-TR, AdLacZ, or saline. Serial changes in hepatocyte proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated by immunohistochemistry using anti-Ki67 antibody, and TUNEL staining, respectively. The mRNA expression of regeneration factors (HGF, TGF-alpha, EGF, and IGF-I) and IL-6 were evaluated by real-time PCR and northern blotting.', 'Anti-TGF-beta molecular intervention up-regulated hepatocyte proliferation and inhibited apoptosis. In the AdTbeta-TR-treated rats, EGF and IGF-I mRNA expression levels were significantly increased at day 1 and remained high for 3 days after gene transfer; TGF-alpha mRNA expression levels were significantly increased at 2 to 5 days after gene transfer; HGF mRNA expression levels were significantly up-regulated at day 2 only after gene transfer; while IL-6 mRNA expression level tended to increase at day 1, but decreased thereafter.'] Does suppression of transforming growth factor-beta result in upregulation of transcription of regeneration factors after chronic liver injury?