In a study, parents were asked to rate each television program that their children watched. The programs were rated for violent content on a scale of one to five, with "one" indicating no violence and "five" indicating a great deal. The number of times their children were disciplined in school was also recorded. Children who watched programs with an average violence rating of three or higher were 50 percent more likely to have been disciplined than other children. Each of the following, if true, helps to explain the statistical relationship described above EXCEPT: ["Parents who rated their children's television viewing low on violence had become desensitized to the violence on television by watching too much of it.", 'Children who are excited by violent action programs on television tend to become bored with schoolwork and to express their boredom in an unacceptable fashion.', "Children learn from violent programs on television to disrespect society's prohibitions of violence and, as a result, are more likely than other children to disrespect the school disciplinary codes.", 'When parents watch violent programs on television with their children, those children become more likely to regard antisocial behavior as legitimate.']