['The development of effective immunosuppressive regimens has resulted in many cases of successful hand transplantation. Visual skin inspection and histological evaluation are used to assess the rejection of hand transplants, but these methods are largely subjective. In this study, we aimed to determine the potential of microRNAs (miRNAs) as biomarkers for acute rejection in vascularized composite allotransplants.', 'In allograft group, 7 male Brown-Norway rats (RT1', 'Skin changes occurred at a mean of 11.0 days posttransplant. Rejection in most skin biopsies taken 7 and 10 days posttransplant was histologically classified as grade 0, whereas that in most biopsies taken 14 days posttransplant was classified as grade 3. We found that expression of miRNA-146a and miRNA-155 was significantly upregulated at 10 and 14 days posttransplant compared with that at 7 days posttransplant. In control group, there were no significant changes in plasma miRNAs expressions.'] Do plasma microRNAs Are Potential Biomarkers of Acute Rejection After Hindlimb Transplantation in Rats?