['The etiology of Moyamoya disease (MMD) is still widely unknown. Several publications on Moyamoya describe differences of cytokine and growth factor concentrations in different specimen. We analyzed the DNA of patients with MMD for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in and upstream of the genes for previously described associated cytokines and growth factors.', 'Thirteen SNPs were genotyped in or upstream to four genes-basic fibroblast growth factor (BFGF), cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 1 (CRABP1), platelet derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRB), and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1)-comparing 40 DNA samples of MMD patients to 68 healthy controls from central Europe. Genotyping was performed by sequencing the SNP-containing genetic regions with custom made primers.', 'We found association of two SNPs: rs382861 [A/C] (p\u2009=\u20090.0373, OR\u2009=\u20091.81, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.03-3.17) in the promoter region of PDGFRB and rs1800471[C/G] (p\u2009=\u20090.0345, OR\u2009=\u20097.65, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.97-59.95), located in the first exon of TGFB1.'] Are polymorphisms in TGFB1 and PDGFRB associated with Moyamoya disease in European patients?