All known living things are made of the same basic kinds of matter, are carbon based, and are equipped with genetic codes. So human life has the same origin as all other known life. The conclusion follows logically if which one of the following is assumed? ['There can never be any living thing that does not have a genetic code.', 'Any two living things made of the same basic kinds of matter have the same origin.', 'Without the existence of other life forms, human life would never have come into existence.', 'There are not any living beings that have genetic codes but are not carbon based.']