['We evaluated semen quality and pregnancy rates achieved with sperm obtained by rectal probe ejaculation.', 'A series of 183 rectal probe ejaculation procedures performed by 1 of us (J. F. E.) on 40 anejaculatory men was reviewed.', 'Motile sperm were recovered from 95% of men undergoing rectal probe ejaculation. Live births were recorded for 15 of 33 couples (45%) via intrauterine insemination (10) or in vitro fertilization (5). Three of the latter 5 pregnancies were achieved with intracytoplasmic sperm injection.'] Does in vitro fertilization improve pregnancy rates for sperm obtained by rectal probe ejaculation?