A contract, whether expressed or unexpressed, exists when two parties engage with each other for the reciprocal transfer of benefits. Thus, in accepting support from public funds, an artist creates at least an unexpressed contract between himself or herself and the public, and the public can rightly expect to benefit from the artist' s work. Which one of the following most accurately describes an error in reasoning in the passage? ['treating an issue that requires resolution through political processes as if it were merely a matter of opinion', 'speaking only in abstract terms about matters that involve contingencies and that must be judged on a case-by-case basis', 'concluding that a definition is fully applicable to a situation when it is known only that the situation conforms partially to that definition', 'attempting to justify a rule of conduct on the grounds that it confers benefits on all of the parties involved']