Educator: If there is a crisis in education today, it is one of maintaining quality. People love to reduce serious learning to degrees and certificates. But one also can obtain these credentials by plodding through courses without ever learning much of value. When that happens, the credentials one receives are almost meaningless. If the educator's statements are true, then which one of the following must be true? ['A person benefits from an education only to the extent that he or she invests effort in it.', 'Degrees and certificates do not guarantee that a person has acquired much worthwhile knowledge.', 'It has become easier for students to complete their coursework without learning anything of importance.', 'Educational institutions should cease to grant degrees and certificates.']