['Sarcopenia may be related to increases in reactive oxygen species formation and inflammation, both of which are associated with elevations in serum uric acid.', 'To test the hypothesis that a reduced skeletal muscle mass index, indicative of sarcopenia, is related to elevations in uric acid.', 'Cross-sectional analysis of nationally representative data.', 'Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994.', '7544 men and women 40 years of age and older who had uric acid, skeletal muscle mass, and select covariate information.', 'Skeletal muscle mass assessment was based on a previously published equation including height, BIA-resistance, gender, and age. Absolute skeletal muscle mass was calculated for all study population individuals and compared against the sex-specific mean for younger adults. Serum uric acid data were gathered from the NHANES laboratory file.', 'A logistic regression analysis revealed that elevations in serum uric acid are significantly related to sarcopenia status. For every unit (mg/dL) increase in uric acid, the odds ratio of manifesting a skeletal muscle mass index at least one standard deviation below the reference mean was 1.12. Participants in the highest grouping (> 8 mg/dL) of serum uric acid concentration had 2.0 times the odds of manifesting sarcopenia compared to the lowest grouping (< 6 mg/dL) (p < 0.01) after adjusting for the additional covariates.'] Is low relative skeletal muscle mass indicative of sarcopenia associated with elevations in serum uric acid levels : findings from NHANES III?