Psychologist Dewick used 10 years to experiment with 400 fifth graders, and found that children who are brag smart are more likely to give up, lack self-confidence, and dare not take risks. Later, she repeated the experiment and incorporated different social stages into her own. Experiments have found the same results, regardless of gender, and even preschool children have not been spared the negative effects of being praised. Which of the following, if true, would best support the above findings? ['praise does not necessarily have a positive effect. The effect varies greatly depending on the specific content and form of praise.', 'a comprehensive survey of praise shows that praised students have become more inclined to avoid risks and lack independence.', 'a comparative study of the academic performance of students in the positive praise group and the non-commendable group shows that their academic performance is not significantly different.', 'research finds that praise has the most impact on the smartest girls, most of whom crashed in a "failed response" test.']