Inez: Space-exploration programs pay for themselves many times over, since such programs result in technological advances with everyday, practical applications. Space exploration is more than the search for knowledge for its own sake; investment in space exploration is such a productive investment in developing widely useful technology that we can' t afford not to invest in space exploration. Winona: It is absurd to try to justify funding for space exploration merely by pointing out that such programs will lead to technological advances. If technology with practical applications is all that is desired, then it should be funded directly. Winona responds to Inez by ['showing that there is no evidence that the outcome Inez anticipates will in fact be realized', 'suggesting that Inez has overlooked evidence that directly argues against the programs Inez supports', 'claiming that a goal that Inez mentions could be pursued without the programs Inez endorses', 'demonstrating that the pieces of evidence that Inez cites contradict each other']