Spokesperson: The claim by the minister of education that teachers' attitudes are causing a decline in student performance is belied by events at any meeting of our Teachers Association. The workshops at these meetings are filled with teachers struggling to find new ways to teach their students. No one, not even a very unsympathetic observer, could detect any negative attitudes toward students. Which one of the following most accurately describes a flaw in the spokesperson's argument? ["The argument focuses on the opponent rather than on the opponent's argument.", "The argument takes for granted that only when teachers' attitudes toward students are negative will those attitudes cause a decline in student performance.", "The argument presumes, without providing justification, that teachers' attitudes toward students cannot have any effect on student performance.", 'The argument draws a conclusion that simply restates a claim presented in support of that conclusion.']