['Pyrimidine antagonist-based chemotherapy is a recommended chemotherapeutic treatment for gestational trophoblastic neoplasia in China. The main reason for treatment failure is chemoresistance. We established a floxuridine (FUDR)-resistant human choriocarcinoma JeG-3/FUDRA sub-line and investigated the role of thymidylate synthase (TS) transcript levels in chemoresistance prediction.', 'The JeG-3/FUDRA sub-line was established by intermittent exposure to increasing doses of FUDR. Levels of TS transcripts were measured by real-time fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. beta-hCG secretion in these cell lines has also been detected by using a chemoluminescence method.', 'The JeG-3/FUDRA sub-line had a resistance index of 31.62. When exposed to 5.1 x 10(-7) M FUDR, the secretion of beta-hCG was enhanced dramatically, but with the increasing of the FUDR concentration, it was downregulated gradually. According to the concentration of FUDR exposure from low to high, the multiples of free beta-hCG secretion increased 13.19-, 4.76-, 1.90-, 1.44- and 0.47-fold, respectively. The TS transcript level was down-regulated by exposure to a low concentration of FUDR and then gradually increased with increasing doses of the drug. But when a certain concentration was reached, the expression would not increase but decrease sharply. By sub-lines of different concentration of FUDR exposure varying from low to high, the multiples of increases comparing the TS transcript level to parental cells were 0.56-, 0.42-, 1.02-, 2.78- and 2.06-fold, respectively.'] Does thymidylate synthase mRNA expression predict resistance to floxuridine in a choriocarcinoma cell line?