['Adiponectin (APN) has been reported to protect against ischaemia-reperfusion injury and hypertrophy. However, few reports have investigated the cardioprotective effects of APN in doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiomyopathy; therefore, we studied the cardioprotective mechanisms of APN in this model.', 'In an in vivo study, we quantified the cardiac pathohistology of C57BL/6 mice [wild-type (WT) mice], APN transgenic mice with high APN concentrations [APN transgenic sense (SE) mice], and those with reduced APN concentrations [APN transgenic antisense (AS) mice] after intraperitoneal injections of DOX (4 mg/kg) weekly for 6 weeks. The survival rate after 14 days was significantly increased in APN-SE mice (WT vs. APN-AS vs. APN-SE: 40 vs. 17 vs. 73%, P < 0.05). We assessed myocardial pathohistological changes and observed that fibrosis and apoptosis were significantly decreased in APN-SE mice compared with those of the other groups. We also assessed DOX-induced apoptotic mechanisms in vitro using cultured cardiomyocytes isolated from neonatal WT mice. The expression of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2 increased, but that of pro-apoptotic factor Bax decreased in cardiomyocytes treated with highly concentrated APN. The protective effects of APN were reversed by the addition of an AMPK inhibitor (dorsomorphin) to the culture medium.'] Does adiponectin protect against doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy by anti-apoptotic effects through AMPK up-regulation?