['Tolerance is observed for a variety of central nervous system depressants including ethanol, which is an anesthetic, but has not been convincingly demonstrated for a potent halogenated volatile anesthetic. Failure to demonstrate tolerance to these agents may be the result of inadequate exposure to anesthetic. In this study, we exposed Xenopus laevis tadpoles to surgical anesthetic concentrations of isoflurane for 1 wk.', 'Xenopus laevis tadpoles were produced by in vitro fertilization, and exposed to isoflurane (0.59%, 0.98%, 1.52%) or oxygen for 1 wk starting from the time of fertilization.', 'Changes in anesthetic EC(50) were small and not in a consistent direction. Control animals had an anesthetic EC(50) of 0.594% +/- 0.003% isoflurane. Tadpoles exposed to 1.52% isoflurane had a lower EC(50) than controls (by 16%), whereas tadpoles raised under 0.59% and 0.98% isoflurane had higher EC(50)s than control (by 4.7% and 7.4%, respectively).'] Does tolerance to isoflurane occur in developing Xenopus laevis tadpoles?