['To evaluate the effect of lidocaine inhalation on the circulatory response to direct laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation.', 'Prospective, randomized study.', 'Operating theater at a public hospital.', 'Eighty patients (ASA physical status I and II ages 25 to 45 years) scheduled for major abdominal surgery.', 'In the first stage, 40 patients were randomly assigned to receive inhalation of either lidocaine 40 mg or a 0.9% solution of sodium chloride (placebo). In the second stage, the next 20 consecutive patients received inhalation of lidocaine 120 mg, and another 20 consecutive patients received intravenous (IV) lidocaine 1 mg/kg.', 'Mean arterial pressure rose significantly in the i.v. lidocaine group (21.2 mmHg; p < 0.05), the saline inhalation group (29.2 mmHg; p < 0.05), and the lidocaine 40 mg inhalation group (22.9 mmHg; p < 0.05), but not in the lidocaine 120 mg inhalation group (10.1 mmHg). The heart rate (HR) response to intubation with lidocaine inhalation was dose dependent. In the saline inhalation group, HR increased by 15.6 beats per minute (bpm) (p < 0.05); in the lidocaine 40 mg inhalation group, HR increased by 9.1 bpm (p < 0.05); and in the lidocaine 120 mg inhalation group, HR increased by only 3.1 bpm.'] Does lidocaine inhalation attenuate the circulatory response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation?