['Leptin is an adipocyte-derived hormone that has been shown to exert both beneficial metabolic effects and potentially adverse vascular effects in preclinical studies. The primary aim of this study was to determine the effects of leptin receptor signaling pathways on atherosclerosis in the setting of obesity and hyperlipidemia.', 'Mice were generated with deficiency of apolipoprotein E (ApoE(-/-)) and either wild-type leptin receptor expression (Lepr(+/+), ApoE(-/-)), mutant leptin receptor expression defective in all leptin receptor signaling pathways (Lepr(db/db), ApoE(-/-)), or mutant leptin receptor expression with selective deficiency of leptin receptor-STAT3 signaling (Lepr(s/s), ApoE(-/-)). At 27 weeks of age (including 7 weeks on a Western diet), Lepr(db/db), ApoE(-/-) developed severe obesity, hypercholesterolemia, and increased atherosclerosis compared to Lepr(+/+), ApoE(-/-) mice. Despite similar obesity and hyperlipidemia to Lepr(db/db), ApoE(-/-) mice, Lepr(s/s), ApoE(-/-) developed less atherosclerosis than Lepr(db/db), ApoE(-/-) mice. Adipose tissue macrophage content, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and fatty-acid-binding protein 4 levels were also reduced in Lepr(s/s), ApoE(-/-) mice compared to Lepr(db/db), ApoE(-/-) mice.'] Are leptin receptor-induced STAT3-independent signaling pathways protective against atherosclerosis in a murine model of obesity and hyperlipidemia?