['We sought the association of preoperative serum total testosterone (tT), hypogonadism, 17β estradiol (E2), and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) with early biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy (RP).', 'Sex steroids were assessed the day before surgery (7-11 a.m.) in a cohort of 605 patients with a median follow-up of 24\xa0months following RP. Cox regression models tested the association between predictors [including age, body mass index (BMI), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), clinical stage, biopsy Gleason scores, tT, hypogonadism, E2, and SHBG] and early BCR (defined as a PSA\xa0≥\xa00.1\xa0ng/ml that occurred within 24\xa0months after RP).', 'Early BCR was found in 34 (5.6\xa0%) patients. Patients with BCR did not differ in terms of age, BMI, serum PSA, tT, E2, and SHBG levels, rate of hypogonadism, and clinical stage as compared with those without BCR (all p\xa0≥\xa00.05). Conversely, patients with BCR showed a greater prevalence of biopsy Gleason scores ≥4\xa0+\xa03 (all p\xa0≤\xa00.001). At multivariable Cox regression analysis, tT [hazard ratio (HR): 1.43; p\xa0=\xa00.03] E2 (HR: 1.05; p\xa0=\xa00.04), SHBG (HR: 1.29; p\xa0=\xa00.02), and biopsy Gleason scores equal to 4\xa0+\xa03 (HR: 3.37; p\xa0=\xa00.04) and ≥8 (HR: 20.06; p\xa0<\xa00.001) achieved independent predictor status for early BCR. Conversely, no significant associations were found for all the other predictors.'] Are preoperative sex steroids significant predictors of early biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy?