The director of a secondary school where many students were having severe academic problems impaneled a committee to study the matter. The committee reported that these students were having academic problems because they spent large amounts of time on school sports and too little time studying. The director then prohibited all students who were having academic problems from taking part in sports in which they were active. He stated that this would ensure that such students would do well academically. The reasoning on which the director bases his statement is not sound because he fails to establish that ['some students who spend time on sports do not have academic problems', 'no students who do well academically spend time on sports', 'at least some of the time the students will save by not participating in sports will be spent on solving their academic problems', 'all students who do well academically do so because of time saved by not participating in sports']