['Stenosis at a vascular anastomotic site has been a significant clinical issue. We tested the hypothesis that rapamycin-eluting biodegradable poly L-lactic acid and epsilon-caprolactone copolymer (PLA-CL) film applied externally can inhibit neointimal hyperplasia in a canine vascular anastomosis model.', 'Femoral artery graft interposition was performed in 25 beagles. Beagles were divided into five groups (five in each): graft interposition without PLA-CL film (control); with PLA-CL film only; and PLA-CL containing rapamycin 8 microg, 80 microg, and 800 microg. Orthotopic arterial graft interposition was performed on the left side and vein graft from the ipsilateral femoral vein was interposed on the right. Morphometric and immunochemical analyses were performed at four-week intervals.', 'In arterial graft models, the ratio of intimal area (intimal area divided by the entire vessel area) was significantly reduced in all the three rapamycin-eluting film groups compared with control (0.19, 0.07, 0.05, and 0.38 in 8 microg, 80 microg, 800 microg groups and control, respectively, p < 0.05). In vein graft models, the ratio of intimal area was significantly decreased only in the 800 microg rapamycin group compared with control (0.33 vs 0.54, p < 0.05). Inhibition of neointimal growth was associated with reduced cell proliferation, as evidenced by proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunostaining and diminished alpha-actin positive vascular smooth muscle cells.'] Does external application of rapamycin-eluting film at anastomotic sites inhibit neointimal hyperplasia in a canine model?