['Diverticulosis and its complications are important healthcare problems in the USA and throughout the Western world. While mechanisms as to how diverticulosis occurs have partially been explored, few studies examined the relationship between colonic gases such as methane and diverticulosis in humans.', 'This study aimed to demonstrate a significant relationship between methanogenic Archaea and development of diverticulosis.', 'Subjects who consecutively underwent hydrogen breath test at Rush University Medical Center between 2003 and 2010 were identified retrospectively through a database. Medical records were reviewed for presence of a colonoscopy report. Two hundred and sixty-four subjects were identified who had both a breath methane level measurement and a colonoscopy result. Additional demographic and clinical data were obtained with chart review.', 'Mean breath methane levels were higher in subjects with diverticulosis compared to those without diverticulosis (7.89 vs. 4.94\xa0ppm, p\xa0=\xa00.04). Methane producers (defined as those with baseline fasting breath methane level >5\xa0ppm) were more frequent among subjects with diverticulosis compared to those without diverticulosis (50.9 vs. 34\xa0%, p\xa0=\xa00.0025). When adjusted for confounders, breath methane levels and age were the two independent predictors of diverticulosis on colonoscopy with logistic regression modeling.'] Do breath Methane Levels Are Increased Among Patients with Diverticulosis?