['Obesity is a well-known risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Genome-wide association studies have identified a number of genetic loci associated with obesity. The aim of this study is to examine the contribution of obesity-related genomic loci to type 2 diabetes in a Chinese population.', 'We successfully genotyped 18 obesity-related single nucleotide polymorphisms among 5338 type 2 diabetic patients and 4663 controls. Both individual and joint effects of these single nucleotide polymorphisms on type 2 diabetes and quantitative glycemic traits (assessing β-cell function and insulin resistance) were analyzed using logistic and linear regression models, respectively.', 'Two single nucleotide polymorphisms near MC4R and GNPDA2 genes were significantly associated with type 2 diabetes before adjusting for body mass index and waist circumference (OR (95% CI)\u200a=\u200a1.14 (1.06, 1.22) for the A allele of rs12970134, P\u200a=\u200a4.75×10(-4); OR (95% CI)\u200a=\u200a1.10 (1.03, 1.17) for the G allele of rs10938397, P\u200a=\u200a4.54×10(-3)). When body mass index and waist circumference were further adjusted, the association of MC4R with type 2 diabetes remained significant (P\u200a=\u200a1.81×10(-2)) and that of GNPDA2 was attenuated (P\u200a=\u200a1.26×10(-1)), suggesting the effect of the locus including GNPDA2 on type 2 diabetes may be mediated through obesity. Single nucleotide polymorphism rs2260000 within BAT2 was significantly associated with type 2 diabetes after adjusting for body mass index and waist circumference (P\u200a=\u200a1.04×10(-2)). In addition, four single nucleotide polymorphisms (near or within SEC16B, BDNF, MAF and PRL genes) showed significant associations with quantitative glycemic traits in controls even after adjusting for body mass index and waist circumference (all P values<0.05).'] Are obesity-related genomic loci associated with type 2 diabetes in a Han Chinese population?