['Current consensus does not support the use of a universal booster of hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine because there is an anamnestic response in almost all children 15\xa0years after universal infant HBV vaccination. We aimed to provide a booster strategy among adolescents as a result of their changes in lifestyle and sexual activity.', 'This study comprised a series of cross-sectional serological surveys of HBV markers in four age groups between 2004 and 2012. The seropositivity rates of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and its reciprocal antibody (anti-HBs) for each age group were collected. There were two parts to this study; age-specific HBV seroepidemiology and subgroup analysis, including effects of different vaccine types, booster response for immunogenicity at 15\xa0years of age, and longitudinal follow-up to identify possible additional protection by HBV booster.', 'Within the study period, data on serum anti-HBs and HBsAg in a total of 6950 students from four age groups were collected. The overall anti-HBs and HBsAg seropositivity rates were 44.3% and 1.2%, respectively. The anti-HBs seropositivity rate in the plasma-derived subgroup was significantly higher in both 15- and 18-year age groups. Overall response rate in the double-seronegative recipients at 15\xa0years of age was 92.5% at 6\xa0weeks following one recombinant HBV booster dose. Among the 24 recipients showing anti-HBs seroconversion at 6\xa0weeks after booster, seven subjects (29.2%) had lost their anti-HBs seropositivity again within 3\xa0years. Increased seropositivity rates and titers of anti-HBs did not provide additional protective effects among subjects comprehensively vaccinated against HBV in infancy.'] Does hepatitis B virus vaccination booster provide additional protection in adolescents : a cross-sectional school-based study?