['We assessed whether child- or mother-related health behaviors were associated more strongly with dental caries in 3-year-old children.', "Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed on dental caries' presence as the dependent variable with independent variables from the results of examination and a self-administered questionnaire of 396 mother-child pairs.", 'Dental caries of 3-year-old children was more strongly associated with child-related health behavior than mother-related health behavior. Of the child-related variables, "a habit of feeding in bed" [OR (odds ratio) 10.14; 95 percent class interval (CI) 1.80-56.97], "eating between meals three times a day or more" (OR 3.33; 95 percent CI 1.56-7.10), "consuming a sports drink three times a week or more" (OR 4.47; 95 percent CI 1.60-12.49), "having both home and professional preventive dental care" (OR 3.02; 95 percent CI 1.44-6.32), and "having professional preventive dental care" (OR 3.79; 95 percent CI 1.75-8.21) were significantly associated with dental caries in children. Of the mother-related variables, "brushing teeth once a day or less" (OR 2.72; 95 percent CI 1.19-6.20) and "drinking alcohol three times a week or more" (OR 0.38; 95 percent CI 0.16-0.93) had significant effects.'] Is dental caries in 3-year-old children associated more with child-rearing behaviors than mother-related health behaviors?