After 1289, a decline in Saxonys silver production, combined with Philips wars against Aragon, England and Flanders, drove the French government to fiscal deficits. The war against Aragon, inherited from Philips father, required the expenditure of 1.5 million LT (livres tournois) and the 1294-99 war against England over Gascony another 1.73 million LT. Loans from the Aragonese War were still being paid back in 1306. To cover the deficit, Pope Nicholas IV in 1289 granted Philip permission to collect a tithe of 152,000 LP (livres parisis) from the Church lands in France. With revenues of 1.52 million LP, the church in France had greater fiscal resources than the royal government, whose ordinary revenues in 1289 amounted to 595,318 LP and overall revenues to 1.2 million LP. By November 1290, the deficit stood at 6% of revenues. In 1291 the budget swung back into surplus only to fall into deficit again in 1292.. How many millions of LT did the war against Aragon and the war against England over Gascony cost combined?