['There have been several reports suggesting that adverse childhood experiences such as physical maltreatment and long institutionalization influence telomere length. However, there has been no study examining the relationship of telomere length with variations in parental rearing. In the present study, we examined the relationship of leukocyte telomere length with parental rearing in healthy subjects.', 'The subjects were 581 unrelated healthy Japanese subjects. Perceived parental rearing was assessed by the Parental Bonding Instrument consisting of the care and protection factors. Leukocyte relative telomere length was determined by a quantitative real-time PCR method for a ratio of telomere/single copy gene.', 'In the multiple regression analyses, shorter telomere length in males was related to lower scores of paternal care (β\u2009=\u20090.139, p\u2009<\u20090.05), while that in females was related to lower scores of maternal care (β\u2009=\u20090.195, p\u2009<\u20090.01).'] Does parental care influence leukocyte telomere length with gender specificity in parents and offsprings?