['Precise mechanisms leading to restenosis are not fully understood. The type of implanted stent and the intensity of atherogenic processes may affects the restenosis rate.', 'To compare the long-term effects of the coronary stent implantation - paclitaxel-eluting stent (PES) or bare-metal stents (BMS) - on endothelial-dependent flow-mediated dilation (FMD), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) serum levels and to assess the relationship between FMD, PDGF, ADMA and every-stage in-stent restenosis (eISR).', 'The study population included 40 patients with coronary artery disease, who underwent elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) with stent implantation (PES - 21 patients; BMS - 19 patients). Follow-up examination was performed 12 months after PCI.', 'There were no differences between the PES and the BMS patients regarding FMD (PES: 11.8+/-7.8%, BMS: 10.5+/-9.2%), PDGF (PES: 5540+/-2209 pg/ml, BMS: 4923+/-2924 pg/ml) and ADMA (PES: 0.474+/-0.04 micromol/l, BMS: 0.456+/-0.03 micromol/l) serum levels. The follow-up angiography was performed when clinically indicated in 25 patients: in 15 patients with PES and 10 patients with BMS implanted. The eISR was found in 12 subjects: in 7 (47%) with PES and in 5 (50%) with BMS (NS). In all patients with eISR, the FMD values were significantly lower (6.1+/-3.5%, p=0.003) compared to the patients without eISR (14.3+/-7.8%). FMD was the only independent risk factor for eISR (OR=0.631, 95% CI 0.412-0.942, p=0.0003). The cut-off point for FMD < or = 8.4% as a parameter predicting eISR was established (p=0.0001, sensitivity: 83.3%, specificity: 92.3%, PPV: 90.9%, NPV: 85.7%).'] Is in-stent coronary restenosis , but not the type of stent , associated with impaired endothelial-dependent vasodilatation?