['The presence of an eosinophilic infiltrate in patients with cervical squamous carcinoma has been shown to correlate with a worse overall survival, suggesting a less effective immune response in these cases. Since type 2 cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-5 are known to attract eosinophilic granulocytes, an immunohistochemical study was performed to gain further insight as to whether a type 1 or type 2 immune response is involved in eliciting an eosinophilic infiltrate.', 'Frozen tissue sections of 9 normal cervical tissues, 23 premalignant cervical lesions, and 23 cervical squamous carcinomas were stained by immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibodies directed against IFN-gamma and IL-4 as representatives of a type 1 or a type 2 response, respectively.', 'Normal tissues and premalignant lesions of the cervix did not contain eosinophilic granulocytes and showed very few IL-4- and IFN-gamma-positive cells. In cervical carcinoma the presence of IL-4 on tumor infiltrating cells correlated with the presence of eosinophilic granulocytes in the tumor (P value <0.01) and stroma (P value <0.05). IFN-gamma-positive cells did not show any such correlation. In addition, colocalization was observed of CD3- and IL-4-positive T lymphocytes indicating that IL-4 production is mediated by T lymphocytes.'] Does presence of an eosinophilic infiltrate in cervical squamous carcinoma result from a type 2 immune response?