Principle: One should criticize the works or actions of another person only if the criticism will not seriously harm the person criticized and one does so in the hope or expectation of benefiting someone other than oneself. Application: Jarrett should not have criticized Ostertag' s essay in front of the class, since the defects in it were so obvious that pointing them out benefited no one. Which one of the following, if true, justifies the above application of the principle? ['Jarrett knew that the criticism might antagonize Ostertag.', 'Jarrett hoped to gain prestige by criticizing Ostertag.', "Jarrett did not expect the criticism to be to Ostertag's benefit.", 'Jarrett knew that the defects in the essay were so obvious that pointing them out would benefit no one.']