['Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) are associated with glucose metabolism improvement although data on insulin resistance remission rates after these procedures are lacking.', 'Primary aim was to compare insulin resistance remission rates achieved after LRYGB and LSG, using population-specific HOMA-IR cut-off points. Secondary objectives were to analyze factors associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) complete remission according to the new American Diabetes Association criteria and to examine changes in HOMA-B during follow-up.', 'Non-randomized, prospective cohort study of patients undergoing LRYGB or LSG with a minimal follow-up of 24 months. Patients on insulin therapy were excluded.', 'At baseline, 56 (48.7%) of the 115 LRYGB group and 48 (61.5%) of the 78 LSG group had insulin resistance, and 29 (25.2%) and 20 (25.6%) T2DM, respectively. No differences were detected in insulin resistance remission rate (92.9% LRYGB and 87.5% LSG, p\xa0=\xa00.355) nor in T2DM complete remission at 2 years (62.1 vs 60% respectively, p\xa0=\xa00.992). Factors independently associated with T2DM complete remission were diabetes treatment and a greater decrease in 3-month HOMA-IR index. The HOMA-B index showed a progressive decline during follow-up.'] Are sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass equally effective in correcting insulin resistance?