['Increased myocyte apoptosis in diabetic hearts has been previously reported. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of exercise training on cardiac survival pathways in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.', 'Forty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group (Control), STZ-induced (65 mg/kg, i.p.) diabetes (DM), and DM rats with moderate aerobic exercise training (DM-EX) on a treadmill 60 min/day, 5 days/week, for 10 weeks. Histopathological analysis, positive TUNEL assays and Western blotting were performed on the excised cardiac left ventricles from all three groups.', "The components of cardiac survival pathway (insulin-like growth factor I (IGFI), IGFI-receptor (IGFI-R), phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3K), and Akt) and the pro-survival Bcl-2 family proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and p-BAD) were all significantly decreased in the DM group compared with the Control group whereas they were increased in the DM-EX group. In addition, the abnormal myocardial architecture, enlarged interstitial space and increased cardiac TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells were observed in the DM group, but they were reduced in the DM-EX group. The apoptotic key component, caspase-3, was significantly increased in the DM group relative to the Control group whereas it was decreased in the DM-EX group."] Does exercise training enhance cardiac IGFI-R/PI3K/Akt and Bcl-2 family associated pro-survival pathways in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats?