['The aim of this study was to determine whether pretherapeutic protein expression levels of the excision repair cross-complementing (ERCC1) enzyme, thymidylate synthetase (TS), multidrug-resistance protein 1 (MRP-1) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) are associated with tumour response to cisplatin and fluorouracil (5-FU)-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy in oesophageal adenocarcinomas.', 'The expression levels of ERCC1, TS, MDR-1 and P-gp were determined immunohistochemically in pretherapeutic tumour biopsies from 40 oesophageal adenocarcinoma patients and were correlated with histopathological tumour regression and with patient survival. Protein expression was compared to mRNA data, which was previously published for ERCC1, TS and MRP-1 and newly determined for the purpose of this study for MDR-1/P-gp.', 'High-TS and -MRP-1 protein expression was correlated with tumour non-response to chemotherapy (P\u2009=\u20090.001 and P\u2009=\u20090.036, respectively). For ERCC-1 and P-gp, no association between pretherapeutic protein expression and response was found. There was no correlation between mRNA levels and protein expression for all investigated markers. Survival analysis revealed a trend towards increased survival for low-ERCC-1 expression (P\u2009=\u20090.079).'] Are high pretherapeutic thymidylate synthetase and MRP-1 protein levels associated with nonresponse to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in oesophageal adenocarcinoma patients?