The accelerated expansion of the universe is due to the mutual exclusion of materials, and the decelerated expansion is due to the mutual attraction of materials. Therefore, to explain the accelerated or decelerated expansion of the universe on this basis, materials with different characteristics must dominate in different periods. All of the particles in the standard model of particle physics produce attractive gravitation, but the study of the galaxy rotation curve shows that there are still a lot of invisible materials in the galaxy, these materials can Generate very strong attractive gravity. If the above argument is true, then which of the following conclusions does the galaxy rotation curve study conclusion imply? ['The insufficient attractive force produced by all particles in the standard model of particle physics.', 'Particles in the standard model of particle physics are not unique, other particles exist.', 'The study of galaxy rotation curves shows that the universe is accelerating in this period.', 'Studies of galaxy rotation curves indicate the existence of supermassive, invisible black holes.']