['Cerebral regional oxygen saturation (rSO(2)) measured with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has a well-proven clinical utility. A goal-oriented treatment based on the rSO(2) resulted in a significant reduction in major morbidity and in a shortening of postoperative hospital stay in patients undergoing coronary revascularization. In this study, we have compared the values of superior vena cava saturation (ScvO(2)) continuously measured with a Pediasat catheter and the corresponding NIRS rSO(2) values obtained during cardiac operations in pediatric patients.', 'This was a prospective observational study enrolling fifteen pediatric patients (age: 6 days-7 years) undergoing cardiac operations. ScvO(2) data obtained with the Pediasat during the operation were compared with simultaneously recorded NIRS rSO(2) values.', 'One hundred and seventeen matched sets of data were obtained during the operation. ScvO(2) continuously measured with the Pediasat was significantly correlated with the corresponding NIRS rSO(2) values. However, there was a constant positive bias (ScvO(2) values were higher than NIRS rSO(2) values) of 5.6%, with a precision of 10.4%. Time-related percentage changes of NIRS rSO(2) were significantly correlated with the corresponding ScvO(2) percentage changes. A decrease in ScvO(2) is predictive for a decrease in rSO(2) with a sensitivity of 73.7% and a specificity of 85.7%.'] Does near-infrared spectroscopy correlate with continuous superior vena cava oxygen saturation in pediatric cardiac surgery patients?