['Apoptosis and fatty acid-binding protein-4 (FABP4) induced-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in macrophage is an important pathological process in several vascular occlusive diseases, including atherosclerosis, both of which are accelerated by lipids or inflammatory cytokines.', 'To determine whether interleukin 17A (IL-17A) accelerates atherosclerosis through activating FABP4-mediated ER stress in macrophage.', 'We show here that IL-17A induced ER stress in both murine and human-derived macrophages in vitro, and in the atherosclerotic lesions of ApoE-/- mice. Treating ApoE-/- mice with a chemical chaperone alleviated IL-17A-mediated ER stress and macrophage apoptosis, which was accompanied by recovered atherogenesis. Mechanistically, IL-17A up-regulated the expression of FABP4 (aP2), a cytosolic lipid chaperone that is able to promote lipid-induced macrophage ER stress, through NF-κB and ERK/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways in macrophages. The inhibition of aP2 expression with a specific chemical inhibitor significantly blocked IL-17A-accelerated ER stress and apoptosis in plaque, and partially rescued IL17A-induced atherogenesis.'] Does interleukin 17A exacerbate atherosclerosis by promoting fatty acid-binding protein 4-mediated ER stress in macrophages?