['The objective of this study was to confirm the renal protective effect of remifentanil-based anesthesia in perioperative adult patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).', 'A total of 90 non-dialysis perioperative adult patients with CKD, with preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate from creatinine (eGFRcreat) values of lower than 50\xa0ml/min/1.73\xa0m(2), who had undergone orthopedic surgery under general anesthesia were retrospectively selected. The subjects were divided into two groups according to whether or not remifentanil was used for anesthesia management: group R, in which remifentanil was used for anesthesia management (n\xa0=\xa045), and group NR, in which remifentanil was not used for anesthesia (n\xa0=\xa045). eGFRcreat was measured pre-surgery (pre), 7\xa0days after surgery (day-7), and 14\xa0days after surgery (day-14).', 'In group R, both day-7 eGFRcreat (52.2\xa0±\xa017.0\xa0ml/min/1.73\xa0m(2)) and day-14 eGFRcreat (49.7\xa0±\xa015.5\xa0ml/min/1.73\xa0m(2)) were significantly higher than the pre eGFRcreat (40.7\xa0±\xa07.5\xa0ml/min/1.73\xa0m(2)) (day-7: p\xa0<\xa00.01; day-14: p\xa0<\xa00.01). In group NR, on the other hand, pre eGFRcreat (37.8\xa0±\xa07.6\xa0ml/min/1.73\xa0m(2)), day-7 eGFRcreat (41.2\xa0±\xa010.9\xa0ml/min/1.73\xa0m(2)), and day-14 eGFRcreat (40.2\xa0±\xa010.5\xa0ml/min/1.73\xa0m(2)) values were similar. Furthermore, both day-7 eGFRcreat and day-14 eGFRcreat were significantly higher in group R than in group NR (day-7: p\xa0<\xa00.01; day-14: p\xa0<\xa00.01).'] Does remifentanil temporarily improve renal function in adult patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing orthopedic surgery?