Winston: The Public Transportation Authority (PTA) cannot fulfill its mandate to operate without a budget deficit unless it eliminates service during late-night periods of low ridership. Since the fares collected during these periods are less than the cost of providing the service, these cuts would reduce the deficit and should be made. Transit law prohibits unauthorized fare increases, and fare-increase authorization would take two years. Ping: Such service cuts might cost the PTA more in lost fares than they would save in costs, for the PTA would lose those riders who leave home during the day but must return late at night. Thus the PTA would lose two fares, while realizing cost savings for only one leg of such trips. The relationship of Ping's response to Winston's argument is that Ping's response ["carefully redefines a term used in Winston's argument", "questions Winston's proposal by raising considerations not addressed by Winston", 'introduces detailed statistical evidence that is more persuasive than that offered by Winston', "supplies a premise that could have been used as part of the support for Winston's argument"]