['Many forms of RNA duplexes with agonistic activity for pattern-recognition receptors have been reported, some of which are candidates for adjuvant immunotherapy for cancer. These RNA duplexes induce cytokines, interferons (IFNs) and cellular effectors mainly via two distinct pathways, TLR3/TICAM-1 and MDA5/MAVS.', 'We determined which pathway of innate immunity predominantly participates in evoking tumor immunity in response to RNA adjuvants.'] Is targeting TLR3 with no RIG-I/MDA5 activation effective in immunotherapy for cancer?