["In chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis an aberrant mucosal immune regulation is observed accompanied by upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines. Lamina propria T cells of inflamed mucosa have an activated phenotype characterized by increased expression of surface markers such as CD25. We therefore determined the anti-inflammatory effect of a recombinant immunotoxin consisting of an anti-CD25 single chain variable fragment (scFv) fused to a deletion mutant of Pseudomonas exotoxin A [RFT5(scFv)ETA'] on isolated lamina propria lymphocytes of patients with IBD and in the murine model of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) induced colitis. PATIENTS AND/METHODS: Lamina propria lymphocytes of 25 patients with IBD and 19 control patients were stimulated in absence or presence of RFT5(scFv)ETA'. Interferon-gamma production was determined in the supernatant by ELISA and the induction of apoptosis by flow cytometry after propidium iodide staining. BALB/c mice received TNBS intrarectally and were treated with RFT5(scFv)ETA'.", "In vitro the administration of RFT5(scFv)ETA' significantly reduced interferon-gamma production and increased apoptosis in lamina propria lymphocytes isolated of inflamed mucosa. However, this contrainflammatory regulation did not result in gain of weight or increased life span in experimental colitis in vivo."] Are the in vitro anti-inflammatory effects of recombinant anti-CD25 immunotoxin on lamina propria T cells of patients with inflammatory bowel disease sufficient to cure experimental colitis in mice?