["In pregnancy, the decidualised endometrium expresses high levels of prorenin and other genes of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) pathway. In this study we aimed to determined if the RAS was present in endometrial stromal cells and if decidualisation upregulated the expression of prorenin, the prorenin receptor ((P)RR) and associated RAS pathways. Immortalised human endometrial stromal cells (HESCs) can be stimulated to decidualise by combined treatment with medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), 17β-estradiol (E2) and cAMP (MPA-mix) or with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (AZA), a global demethylating agent.", "HESCs were incubated for 10\xa0days with one of the following treatments: vehicle, MPA-mix, a combination of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and estradiol-17β alone, or AZA. Messenger RNA abundance and protein levels of prorenin (REN), the (P)RR (ATP6AP2), angiotensinogen (AGT), angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AGTR1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) were measured by real-time PCR and ELISA's, respectively. Promyelocytic zinc finger (PLZF) and phospho-inositol-3 kinase (PIK3R1) mRNA abundances were also measured.", 'HESCs expressed the prorenin receptor (ATP6AP2), REN, AGT, ACE and low levels of AGTR1. MPA-mix and AZA stimulated expression of REN. Prorenin protein secretion was increased in MPA-mix treated HESCs. E2\u2009+\u2009MPA had no effect on any RAS genes. MPA-mix treatment was associated with increased VEGF (VEGFA) and PAI-1 (SERPINE1) mRNA and VEGF protein.'] Is decidualisation of human endometrial stromal cells associated with increased expression and secretion of prorenin?