['Bacterial sepsis induced immunsuppression via antigen hyporesponsibility increases the risk of nosokomial infections and mortality. Pattern recognition receptors (PRR) might have a central role in the pathophysiology of hyporesponsibility.', "In this study we evaluated in a human E. coli sepsis cohort, the role of PRR including TLR's and Trem-1. Expression of Trem-1, TLR2, TLR4, CD14 and HLA-DR on blood monozytes and neutrophils were examined using flow cytometry from 22 patients with E. coli sepsis and 6 healthy controls. LPS and LTA stimulated TNF alpha, IL-10, IL-8 and IL-6 production was studied in a 24 h whole blood assay. Free cytokine serum concentration of TNF alpha, PCT and IP-10 were evaluated.", 'We found a significant higher expression of Trem-1 and TLR-2 on monocytes and neutrophils in patients compared to healthy volunteers. TLR2 expression (p\u2009<\u20090.05) was higher and HLA-DR lower (p\u2009<\u20090.05) on monocytes of patients with severe sepsis compared to patients with simple sepsis. Trem-1 expression was tendentially higher (p\u2009=\u20090,07) on monocytes and lower on neutrophils of patients with severe sepsis. Trem-1 expression on neutrophils was associated with the IL-10 (LPS: r\u2009=\u20090,61, p\u2009<\u20090.02) and TNF-α inducibility (LPS: r\u2009=\u20090,78, p\u2009<\u20090,002). In addition Trem-1 expression on neutrophils shows a negative correlation to the serum levels of TNF alpha (r\u2009=\u2009-0,63; p\u2009<\u20090,005), IP-10 (r\u2009=\u2009-0,5; p\u2009<\u20090,035) and procalcitonin (r\u2009=\u2009-0,59; p\u2009<\u20090,007).'] Is triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 ( Trem-1 ) on blood neutrophils associated with cytokine inducibility in human E. coli sepsis?