['To clarify the role of the mitochondrial pathway in apoptosis induced by H. pylori infection in gastric epithelial cells.', 'Cells of a gastric adenocarcinoma cell line SGC-7,901 were co-cultured with H. pylori NCTC 11,637, with or without preincubation with the inhibitors of caspases -3, -8, and -9. Apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry. RT-PCR was used to determine the expression of Bid, Bax, and Bcl-2 mRNA, and Western blotting was used to determine the expression of Bid, Bax, and Bcl-2 proteins, and the activation of caspases -3 and -9.', 'H. pylori directly induced apoptosis in SGC-7,901 cells. Apoptotic indices (AIs) were 6.30 +/- 0.40%, 11.57 +/- 0.78%, 8.63 +/- 0.67%, and 7.22 +/- 0.97%, respectively, at 6, 12, 24, and 48 h after SGC-7,901 cells were co-cultured with H. pylori. H. pylori up-regulated the expression of Bid and Bax at both protein and mRNA levels, and induced a time-dependent activation of caspases -3 and -9. Apoptosis was inhibited significantly by the preincubation of SGC-7,901 cells with the inhibitors of caspase-3 (AIs were 1.72 +/- 0.59%, 2.97 +/- 0.55%, 4.38 +/- 1.56%, and 3.29 +/- 0.83%, respectively, at 6, 12, 24, and 48 h), and caspase -9 (AIs were 2.47 +/- 0.53%, 6.68 +/- 0.47%, 5.97 +/- 0.46%, and 5.43 +/- 0.15%, respectively, at 6, 12, 24, and 48 h). The caspase-8 inhibitor also reduced H. pylori-induced apoptosis by 20%.'] Does helicobacter pylori infection induce apoptosis in gastric cancer cells through the mitochondrial pathway?