['Deletion of some Toll-like receptors (TLRs) affords protection against cerebral ischemia, but disruption of their known major downstream adaptors does not. To determine whether compensation in the production of downstream effectors by one pathway when the other is disrupted can explain these findings, we examined cytokine/chemokine expression and inflammatory infiltrates in wild-type (WT), MyD88(-/-) and TRIF-mutant mice following permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO).', 'Cytokine/chemokine expression was measured with a 25-plex bead array in the serum and brains of all three groups of mice at baseline (no surgery/naïve) and at 3\u2009hours and 24\u2009hours following pMCAO. Brain inflammatory and neutrophil infiltrates were examined 24\u2009hours following pMCAO.', 'IL-6, keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and IL-10 were significantly decreased in MyD88(-/-) mice compared to WT mice following pMCAO. Significantly, decreased levels of the neutrophil chemoattractants KC and G-CSF corresponded with a trend toward fewer neutrophils in the brains of MyD88(-/-) mice. IP-10 was significantly decreased when either pathway was disrupted. MIP-1 α was significantly decreased in TRIF-mutant mice, consistent with TRIF-dependent production. MyD88(-/-) mice showed elevations of a number of Th2 cytokines, such as IL-13, at baseline, which became significantly decreased following pMCAO.'] Does downstream Toll-like receptor signaling mediate adaptor-specific cytokine expression following focal cerebral ischemia?