['To evaluate the efficacy of centralized culture and possible influencing factors.', 'From January 2010 to July 2012, 66452 patients with suspected Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection from 26 hospitals in Zhejiang and Jiangsu Provinces in China underwent gastrointestinal endoscopy. Gastric mucosal biopsies were taken from the antrum for culture. These biopsies were transported under natural environmental temperature to the central laboratory in Hangzhou city and divided into three groups based on their transport time: 5, 24 and 48 h. The culture results were reported after 72 h and the positive culture rates were analyzed by a χ (2) test. An additional 5736 biopsies from H. pylori-positive patients (5646 rapid urease test-positive and 90 (14)C-urease breath test-positive) were also cultured for quality control in the central laboratory setting.', 'The positive culture rate was 31.66% (21036/66452) for the patient samples and 71.72% (4114/5736) for the H. pylori-positive quality control specimens. In the 5 h transport group, the positive culture rate was 30.99% (3865/12471), and 32.84% (14960/45553) in the 24 h transport group. In contrast, the positive culture rate declined significantly in the 48 h transport group (26.25%; P < 0.001). During transportation, the average natural temperature increased from 4.67 to 29.14\u2005°C, while the positive culture rate declined from 36.67% (1462/3987) to 24.12% (1799/7459). When the temperature exceeded 24\u2005°C, the positive culture rate decreased significantly, especially in the 48 h transport group (23.17%).'] Does centralized isolation of Helicobacter pylori from multiple centers and transport condition influence?