['Previous investigations have established the need for improved training for management of anesthetic emergencies. Training with inexpensive screen-based anesthesia simulators may prove to be helpful.', 'We measured the effectiveness of screen-based simulator training with debriefing on the response to simulated anesthetic critical incidents.', 'Thirty-one 1st-year clinical anesthesia residents were randomized into 2 groups. The intervention group handled 10 anesthetic emergencies using the screen-based anesthesia simulator program and received written feedback on their management, whereas the traditional (control) group was asked to study a handout covering the same 10 emergencies. All residents then were evaluated on their management of 4 standardized scenarios in a mannequin-based simulator using a quantitative scoring system.', 'The average point score for the simulator-with-debriefing group was 52.6 +/- 9.9 out of 95 possible points. The traditional group average point score was 43.4 +/- 5.9, p = .004.'] Does screen-based anesthesia simulation with debriefing improve performance in a mannequin-based anesthesia simulator?