['With each passing year, the number of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is increasing steadily, but there are limited data on the postoperative outcomes of these patients after appendectomy.', 'Using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, we identified all patients who underwent appendectomy in the United States between 1998 and 2010. We used International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification codes to identify patients with ESRD and to track postoperative complications during hospital admission. Statistical models were controlled for age, sex, race, insurance type, number of Elixhauser comorbidities, year of admission, perforation of the appendix, and operative approach.', 'The study population included 5,712 patients with ESRD, with the remaining 3,615,391 patients serving as reference controls. Patients with ESRD had risk of death that was nearly 5 times greater than controls (odds ratio [OR] 5.68; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 3.96-8.15; P\xa0<\xa0.001); this risk was similar for nonperforated (OR 4.97; P\xa0<\xa0.001) and perforated (5.96; P\xa0=\xa0.004) appendicitis. The risk of death, however, was greater for open appendectomy (OR 6.65; P\xa0<\xa0.001) compared with laparoscopic appendectomy (OR 2.50; P\xa0=\xa0.060). Patients with ESRD also were at an increased risk of mechanical wound complication (OR 1.58; P\xa0=\xa0.040) and had a mean duration of stay that was 34% greater compared with controls (P\xa0<\xa0.001).'] Does end-stage renal disease increase the risk of mortality after appendectomy?