['Low molecular weight dextran sulfate (LMW-DS) is a strong candidate to prevent early islet graft destruction caused by the instant blood-mediated inflammatory reaction. Pharmacokinetics, safety, tolerability, and the effect on endogenous release of various growth factors were studied in humans.', 'Thirty healthy volunteers were given LMW-DS as a combined bolus and 20 min intravenous infusion followed by a continuous intravenous infusion for 5 hr to reach different predetermined target-activated partial thromboplastin times (APTT) in five study groups. Monitoring of APTT was used to estimate and control the plasma concentration. Safety, including hemostasis parameters, was evaluated before proceeding to a higher target APTT-level. Plasma was collected continuously during the infusion and was analyzed for additional safety markers and the presence of six different growth factors.', 'Predetermined target APTT levels were reached and kept for 5 hr without extensive dose corrections. After the 5 hr 20 min of LMW-DS infusion, the subjects in the highest dose group (target APTT=150 s) were back at APTT-levels below 75 s within 60 min. Plasma levels of hepatocyte growth factor were increased 100-fold within 20 min of infusion start and persisted more than 8 hr in the two highest dose groups.'] Is low molecular weight dextran sulfate well tolerated in humans and increases endogenous expression of islet protective hepatocyte growth factor?