['To evaluate the effect of mucosal administration of altered collagen II(CII)263-272 peptide (267Q-->A, 270K-->A and 271G-->A) on collagen induced arthritis (CIA), and to explore the mechanism of the inhibitory effect of the altered CII263-272 peptide on CIA.', 'CIA was induced in Lewis rats by immunization with bovine CII. Altered CII263-272 peptide was given intranasally beginning from the onset of arthritis (100 microg/dose, daily for 5 doses and continuing every other day for other 7 doses). Wild CII263-272 peptide (100 microg/dose) or PBS was administered as controls with the same procedure. Therapeutic effects were evaluated by arthritis scores, body weight change, and joint pathologic scores. The anti-CII antibody and its subtypes were measured with ELISA. The cytokines of IFN-gamma and IL-10 were measured with ELISA. The induction of regulatory T cells was assessed by FACS analysis of percentage of peripheral CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells, and by real-time PCR analysis of the expression of Foxp3 and TGF-beta mRNA.', '(1) Following treatment with the altered CII263-272 peptide, arthritis scores were reduced and body weight was increased. The mean arthritis scores of rats treated with altered peptide, wild peptide and PBS were 2.50 +/- 2.43, 4.50 +/- 2.23 and 6.33 +/- 2.73, respectively. The altered peptide could retard the histologic lesion of the joints. (2) The titers of anti-CII antibodies IgG and IgG1 in the three groups were similar, but the IgG2a in altered peptide-treated rats decreased markedly as compared with PBS-treated rats (0.56 +/- 0.19 vs 0.95 +/- 0.29, P<0.05). The serum IFN-gamma in rats treated with altered peptide, wild peptide and PBS were (185.33 +/- 29.77), (231.62 +/- 41.82) and (220.64 +/- 83.61) ng/L, respectively (P<0.05). No difference was found in the levels of serum IL-10 among the three groups. (3) There was no significant difference in the percentage of peripheral CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells and the expression level of Foxp3 and TGF-beta mRNA.'] Does [ Mucosal administration of altered CII263-272 peptide inhibit collagen-induced arthritis ]?