['Five lung clinics in Jogjakarta Province, Indonesia.', 'To document smoking patterns among tuberculosis (TB) patients before diagnosis and following treatment, to identify smoking-related messages given by health professionals and DOTS providers and to identify predictors of smoking relapse.', 'A cross-sectional survey of 239 male TB patients completed DOTS-based treatment during 2005-2006. Subjects were interviewed at home using a semi-structured questionnaire. Female patients were excluded, as very few smoke.', 'Most TB patients quit smoking when under treatment, but over one third relapsed at 6 months post-treatment. About 30% were never asked about their smoking behavior or advised about quitting. Of relapsed smokers, 60% received only general health messages and not TB-specific smoking messages. DOTS providers are not currently involved in cessation activities. The perception that any level of smoking is harmless for ex-TB patients was a significant predictor for smoking relapse.'] Is smoking behavior among former tuberculosis patients in Indonesia : intervention needed?