['The role of adiponectin as a risk factor for mortality and recurrent ischemic cardiovascular events in patients with carotid artery disease is unknown.', 'Consecutive patients (n = 292) undergoing carotid endarterectomy for symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid stenosis were included in the study. Mortality and cardiovascular ischemic events were recorded during a median follow-up of 5.2 years. Baseline plasma concentrations of adiponectin were measured. Cox regression models stratified for gender were used for estimation of risk of events.', 'Fifty-two patients died and 73 had an ischemic event (ischemic stroke, n = 52 and/or MI, n = 28) during follow-up. In univariate analyses, adiponectin was associated with mortality, hazard ratio (HR) per standard deviation (SD) increase of adiponectin, 1.46 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14-1.86). In multivariate analysis age, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), coronary heart disease (CHD), plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) and plasma adiponectin (HR per SD increase of adiponectin, 1.73 [95% CI, 1.29-2.32]) were independently associated with mortality. T2DM, CHD, fibrinogen, contralateral carotid artery stenosis, systolic blood pressure, symptomatic carotid artery stenosis were independently associated with ischemic events, whereas plasma adiponectin was not (HR per SD increase of adiponectin, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.75-1.23]).'] Is high plasma adiponectin concentration associated with all-cause mortality in patients with carotid atherosclerosis?