['We investigated the practice of exercise counseling of primary care physicians in metabolic syndromes and cardiovascular diseases and its association with their age class, specialty, work place, and their own exercise habits.', 'The subjects were 3,310 medical doctors who had graduated from Jichi Medical University in Japan. The study instrument was a self-administered questionnaire to investigate their age class, specialty, workplace, exercise habits, and exercise counseling for their patients.', "Overall, 839 completed responses were analyzed from a total of 933 that were received (28.2%). The primary care physicians whose specialties were internal medicine and general medicine significantly more often recommended exercise in diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, heart failure, and hypertension cases than those whose specialties were surgery and pediatrics. The primary care physicians whose specialty was pediatrics recommended exercise less often in apoplexia cases than those whose specialties were internal medicine, general medicine, and surgery. Their exercise habits were positively associated with their recommendation of exercise in hyperlipidemia, heart failure, and hypertension cases; however, these associations were not observed in diabetes mellitus and apoplexia. The primary care physicians' age class and work place showed no association with their exercise recommendations in metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases."] Is exercise counseling of primary care physicians in metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases associated with their specialty and exercise habits?