['Dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibition increases endogenous GLP-1 activity, resulting in improved glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The metabolic response may be explained in part by extrapancreatic mechanisms.', 'We tested the hypothesis that DPP-4 inhibition with vildagliptin elicits changes in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle metabolism.', 'We conducted a randomized, double-blind, crossover study at an academic clinical research center.', 'Twenty patients with type 2 diabetes, body mass index between 28 and 40 kg/m(2), participated.', 'INTERVENTION included 7 d treatment with the selective DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin or placebo and a standardized test meal on d 7.', 'Venous DPP-4 activity, catecholamines, free fatty acids, glycerol, glucose, (pro)insulin, dialysate glucose, lactate, pyruvate, glycerol were measured.', 'Fasting and postprandial venous insulin, glucose, glycerol, triglycerides, and free fatty acid concentrations were not different with vildagliptin and with placebo. Vildagliptin augmented the postprandial increase in plasma norepinephrine. Furthermore, vildagliptin increased dialysate glycerol and lactate concentrations in adipose tissue while suppressing dialysate lactate and pyruvate concentration in skeletal muscle. The respiratory quotient increased with meal ingestion but was consistently lower with vildagliptin.'] Does dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV inhibition augment postprandial lipid mobilization and oxidation in type 2 diabetic patients?