['Administration of neuromuscular blocking agents using a dose calculated on actual body weight carries a risk of prolonged duration of action in obese patients whose body mass index (BMI) is > 30 kg · m(-2). In the present study, we hypothesized that there could be a correlation between BMI and the duration of action of rocuronium administered according to actual body weight in non-obese patients, in particular, overweight (BMI 25-30 kg · m(-2)) and underweight patients (BMI < 18.5 kg · m(-2)).', 'Sixteen female patients (BMI 15-30 kg · m(-2), aged 45-60 yr) scheduled for elective surgery under total intravenous anesthesia were included in this study. Rocuronium 0.9 mg · kg(-1) was administered, and adductor pollicis train-of-four responses following ulnar nerve stimulation were monitored every minute with acceleromyography. The times from the injection of rocuronium until spontaneous recovery of first twitch to 5% (5% Duration) and 25% (25% Duration) of baseline were measured, and the correlation with BMI was analyzed.', 'A significant correlation between 5% Duration and BMI (r(2) = 0.56; P < 0.001) was found by linear regression analysis. A significant correlation was also found between 25% Duration and BMI (r(2) = 0.49; P = 0.003).'] Is in non-obese patients , duration of action of rocuronium directly correlated with body mass index?