['Ischemia increases levels of prostaglandin H synthase-2 (PGHS-2) in neonatal brain and cerebral vasculature, but effects on the developing visual system are unknown. We examined the effects of ischemia on PGHS-2 mRNA and protein levels in the retina and visual cortex in anesthetized piglets.', 'Ten minutes of complete retinal and brain ischemia was induced by increasing intracranial pressure. After 2-12 h of reperfusion, samples of retina and visual cortex were collected for determinations of levels of PGHS-2 mRNA (RNase protection assay) or protein (immunohistochemistry and western blotting). Tissues also were obtained from control animals.', 'Levels of PGHS-2 mRNA were undetectable in control animals but showed a dramatic increase at 2-4 h in the cortex and retina in animals exposed to ischemia. Detectable but limited PGHS-2 immunoreactivity (IR) was present in the retina and visual cortex from control animals. In piglets not subjected to ischemia, PGHS-2 IR was localized mainly to the outer limiting membrane and to the Muller cells. Ischemia induced a marked increase in PGHS-2 IR in the neural retina, with the greatest increase in the photoreceptor layer. PGHS-2 levels in whole retina also increased at 8 h after ischemia. In the intact visual cortex PGHS-2 IR was evident in layers II and V. Ischemia increased the intensity of IR in layers II/III as well as layer V.'] Does ischemia increase prostaglandin H synthase-2 levels in retina and visual cortex in piglets?