["Decision making regarding the choice of surgical procedure in rectal cancer is complex. It was hypothesized that, in addition to clinical factors, several aspects of patients' socioeconomic background influence this process.", 'Individually attained data on civil status, education and income were linked to the Swedish Rectal Cancer Registry 1995-2005 (16 713 patients) and analysed by logistic regression.', "Anterior resection (AR) was performed in 7433 patients (44.5 per cent), abdominoperineal resection (APR) in 3808 (22.8 per cent) and Hartmann's procedure in 1704 (10.2 per cent). Unmarried patients were least likely (odds ratio (OR) 0.76, 95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 0.64 to 0.88) and university-educated men were most likely (OR 1.30, 1.04 to 1.62) to have an AR. Patients with the highest income were more likely to undergo AR (OR 0.80, 0.85 and 0.86 respectively for first, second and third income quartiles). Socioeconomic differences in the use of AR were smallest among the youngest patients. Unmarried patients were more likely (OR 1.21, 95 per cent c.i. 1.00 to 1.48) and university-educated patients less likely (OR 0.78, 95 per cent c.i. 0.63 to 0.98) to have an APR."] Is sphincter preservation in rectal cancer associated with patients ' socioeconomic status?