Formal performance evaluations in the professional world are conducted using realistic situations. Physicians are allowed to consult medical texts freely, attorneys may refer to law books and case records, and physicists and engineers have their manuals at hand for ready reference. Students, then, should likewise have access to their textbooks whenever they take examinations. The reasoning in the argument is questionable because the argument ['neglects to take into account the fact that professionals were once students who also did not have access to textbooks during examinations', 'neglects to take into account the fact that, unlike students, professionals have devoted many years of study to one subject', 'cites examples that are insufficient to support the generalization that performance evaluations in the professional world are conducted in realistic situations', 'fails to consider the possibility that the purposes of evaluation in the professional world and in school situations are quite dissimilar']