['To investigate the possible association between primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) and TNF-α gene polymorphisms in Korean women.', 'Case-control study.', 'An urban university-based hospital in South Korea.', 'A cohort of 135 Korean POI patients and 236 controls.', 'None.', 'We analyzed TNF-α gene variants of all participants using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay.', 'The TNF-α -1031TC+CC, -238GA+AA, -1031TC+CC/-308GG, -1031TT/-308GA+AA, -1031TC+CC/-238GA+AA, and -308GG/-238GA+AA genotypes were significantly more frequent in POI patients than in controls. Among the haplotypes for the three TNF-α loci, the -1031C/-308G/-238A haplotype was more frequent in POI patients than in controls and conferred POI susceptibility. In analyses of two loci, the -1031T/-308A, -1031C/-308G, -1031C/-238A, and -308G/-238A haplotypes were more frequent in POI patients.'] Are tumor necrosis factor-alpha promoter polymorphisms associated with idiopathic primary ovarian insufficiency in Korean women?