['To find out about the prophylactic value of antiretroviral therapy on HIV-1-associated subclinical and clinical psychomotor slowing as one marker of HIV-1-associated CNS disease.', 'Prospective study with regular clinical and neurophysiologic examination every three months of 1482 consecutive HIV-1-seropositive and AIDS patients seen at our department till June 30, 1999.', 'Antiretroviral therapy has a significant prophylactic value over an individual observation period of ten years with regard to the first, potentially transient manifestation of HIV-1-associated subclinical psychomotor slowing and with regard to the clinical manifestation of motor signs. However, a subgroup of patients is characterized through a second, more sustained manifestation of subclinical psychomotor slowing which cannot be prevented by any type of currently available antiretroviral therapy.'] Is hAART neuroprophylactic in HIV-1 infection?