Rainfall in the drought-plagued metropolitan area was heavier than usual for the month of June. Nevertheless, by the first of July the city' s water shortage was more severe than ever, and officials proposed drastic restrictions on the use of water. Which one of the following, if true, helps to explain why the city's water shortage was not alleviated by the first of July? ['Moderate restrictions on the industrial use of water had gone into effect in the metropolitan area several months earlier.', 'People in the metropolitan area who had voluntarily reduced their use of water in earlier months when officials voiced alarm used greater than normal amounts of water when rainfall seemed plentiful in June.', 'During the drought most residents of the metropolitan area had been informed about water conservation methods that would help them to reduce their water consumption significantly with a minimal reduction in their standard of living.', 'Because of the heavier rainfall, people watered their lawns much less in June than they usually do in the metropolitan area during that month.']