Essayist: Computers have the capacity to represent and to perform logical transformations on pieces of information. Since exactly the same applies to the human mind, the human mind is a type of computer. The flawed pattern of reasoning in which one of the following most closely resembles the flawed pattern of reasoning in the essayist's argument? ['In any organism, the proper functioning of each component depends upon the proper functioning of every other component. Thus, communities belong to the category of organisms, since communities are invariably characterized by this same interdependence of components.', 'Often individual animals sacrifice their lives when the survival of their offspring or close relatives is threatened. It is probable, ttherefore, that there is a biological basis for the fact that human beings are similarly often willing to sacrifice their own well-being for the good of their community.', 'In the plastic arts, such as sculpture or painting, no work can depend for its effectiveness upon a verbal narrative that explains it. Since the same can be said of poetry, we cannot consider this characteristic as a reasonable criterion for distinguishing the plastic arts from other arts.', 'Friendship often involves obligations whose fulfillment can be painful or burdensome. The same can be said of various forms of cooperation that cannot strictly be called friendship. Thus cooperation, like friendship, can require that priority be given to goals other than mere self-interest.']