['To test the osteoregenerative potential and dosing of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2)-impregnated biomimetic scaffolds in a rat model of a mandibular defect.', 'Prospective study using an animal model.', 'Varied doses of BMP-2 (0.5, 1, 0.5, 0.5 in microspheres, 5, and 15 μg) were absorbed onto a biomimetic scaffold. Scaffolds were then implanted into marginal mandibular defects in rats. Blank scaffolds and unfilled defects were used as negative controls. Two months postoperatively, bone healing was analyzed with microcomputerized tomography (microCT).', 'MicroCT analysis demonstrated that all doses of BMP-2 induced successful healing of marginal mandibular defects in a rat mandible. Increasing doses of BMP-2 on the scaffolds produced increased tissue healing, with 15 μg demonstrating significantly more healing than all other dosing (P < .01).'] Do bone morphogenetic protein-2-impregnated biomimetic scaffolds successfully induce bone healing in a marginal mandibular defect?