Substantial economic growth must be preceded by technological innovations that expanding industries incorporate into their production or distribution procedures. Since a worldwide ban on the use of fossil fuels would surely produce many technological innovations, it is obvious that such a ban would be followed by an economic boom rather than by the economic depression forecast by the critics of such a ban. Which one of the following most accurately describes a flaw in the argument's reasoning? ['The argument confuses a necessary condition for a phenomenon with a sufficient condition for that phenomenon .', 'The argument assumes the truth of the conclusion for which it purports to be providing evidence.', 'The argument attempts to establish the falsehood of a proposition by criticizing the reasoning of those who assert its truth.', 'The argument presumes, without providing warrant, that because certain conditions only sometimes precede a certain phenomenon, these conditions always bring about the phenomenon .']