When Copernicus changed the way we think about the solar system, he did so not by discovering new information, but by looking differently at information already available. Edward Jenner' s discovery of a smallpox vaccine occurred when he shifted his focus to disease prevention from the then more common emphasis on cure. History is replete with breakthroughs of this sort. The examples provided above illustrate which one of the following? ['The ability to look at information from a different point of view is rare.', 'Shifting from earlier modes of thought can result in important advances.', 'Many valuable intellectual accomplishments occur by chance.', 'Understanding is advanced less often by better organization of available information than it is by the accumulation of new information.']