['It has been proposed that pre-diabetes may cause neuropathy. The aim of this study was to investigate whether cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) in uraemic patients was related to the presence of pre-diabetes.', 'The study included 66 non-diabetic uraemic patients selected from a waiting list for kidney transplantation. They were on average 43 ± 12 years old, with a duration of uraemia of 32 ± 27 months in the pre-dialytic stage, or receiving either haemo-, or peritoneal dialysis. A control group of 14 healthy people matched by sex, age and body mass index were enrolled. Beat-to-beat variability was determined from the echocardiographic recording during deep inspiration and expiration. CAN was defined as a beat-to-beat value below 10 beats/min. Pre-diabetes was defined as presence of impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance measured by oral glucose tolerance test (WHO/American Diabetes Association criteria 2007).', 'The prevalence of CAN was 38% in uraemic patients compared with 8% in the controls (p < 0.005). Twenty-seven (41%) out of the 66 uraemic patients were pre-diabetic, while the remaining 39 had a normal glucose tolerance. The prevalence of CAN was comparable in uraemic patients with (44%) and without (33%) pre-diabetes. Uraemic patients with CAN were characterised by higher systolic blood pressure (p < 0.05) and higher age (p < 0.005) compared with uraemic patients without CAN.'] Is cardiac autonomic neuropathy in patients with uraemia related to pre-diabetes?