['Previously we reported the critical role of interleukin (IL)-1alpha in liver metastasis from pancreatic cancer (PaCa). However, its role in angiogenesis and metastasis, particularly as it relates to the interaction between tumor and stromal cells, was not clearly elucidated. To further investigate, we initially compared vascular endothelial cell migration and tube formation in human PaCa cell lines that differed in metastatic potential. We then compared the effects of IL-1alpha derived from PaCa cells on the same processes.', 'Expression of IL-1alpha mRNA and protein in PaCa cells was measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. IL-1alpha mRNA and protein were detected only in predominantly liver-metastatic PaCa cells. Next, we examined differences in migration and tube formation by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in the various PaCa cells using invasion and angiogenesis assays, respectively. Furthermore, we determined the effects of IL-1alpha secreted by PaCa cells on migration and tube formation by HUVECs using coculture experiments.', 'Expression of IL-1alpha mRNA and protein was observed only by the highly liver-metastatic PaCa cell lines BxPC-3 and SW 1990. Both HUVEC migration and tube formation were significantly enhanced by coculture with metastatic PaCa cells and IL-1alpha (P < 0.01). Similarly, blockade of IL-1alpha by its antagonist inhibited HUVEC migration and tube formation (P < 0.01).'] Does interleukin-1alpha secreted by pancreatic cancer cells promote angiogenesis and its therapeutic implications?