['Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and hemorrhagic shock (HS) are the leading causes of trauma-related deaths. These insults disrupt coagulation and endothelial systems. This study investigated whether previously reported differences in lesion size and brain swelling during normal saline (NS), colloids (Hextend [HEX]), and fresh frozen plasma (FFP) resuscitation are associated with differential effects on coagulation and endothelial systems.', 'We subjected 15 Yorkshire swine to TBI and HS (40% blood volume), and kept in HS for 2\xa0hours before resuscitation with NS, HEX, or FFP. Markers of endothelial activation (E-selectin, Intercellular adhesion molecule [ICAM]-1), coagulation activation (prothrombin fragment 1\xa0+\xa02), and natural anticoagulation (activated protein C [aPC]) were determined in serum and brain whole cell lysates.', 'Serum levels of aPC were greater in the NS group (203\xa0±\xa030 pg/mL) compared with HEX (77\xa0±\xa028 pg/mL; P\xa0=\xa0.02) and FFP (110\xa0±\xa028 pg/mL; P\xa0=\xa0.09), as was PF 1 + 2 in the brain when compared with FFP (PF 1 + 2, 89\xa0±\xa046 vs 37\xa0±\xa014\xa0ng/mL; P\xa0=\xa0.035). Brain E-selectin was greater in the NS group compared with FFP (3.36\xa0±\xa00.02 vs 3.31\xa0±\xa00.01\xa0ng/mL; P\xa0=\xa0.029). Circulating ICAM-1 levels were increased in the NS group (151\xa0±\xa09\xa0ng/mL) compared with the HEX (100\xa0±\xa09\xa0ng/mL; P\xa0<\xa0.01) and FFP (108\xa0±\xa09\xa0ng/mL; P\xa0=\xa0.01).'] Does normal saline influence coagulation and endothelial function after traumatic brain injury and hemorrhagic shock in pigs?