['To determine whether the Arg753Gln polymorphism of the toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) gene and the Asp299Gly polymorphism of the TLR4 gene in critically ill patients affect their clinical outcomes.', 'Medical and surgical patients in three intensive care units (ICU) were enrolled in this prospective study. TLR2 and TLR4 gene polymorphisms were determined using restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis.', 'A total of 145 patients were included in this study: 28 patients carried heterozygous mutations (10 in the TLR2 gene, 19 in the TLR4 gene, and one combined) and 117 patients were wild type. Severe sepsis was observed in 33% of wild types (n\u2009=\u200938), 60% of the TLR2 group (n\u2009=\u20096), and 63% of the TLR4 group (n\u2009=\u200912); the difference was significant between the TLR4 and wild type groups. Both TLR groups demonstrated a shorter time-to-onset of severe sepsis or septic shock. Only the TLR4 group demonstrated significant progression towards septic shock compared with the wild type group. Length of ICU stay was significantly prolonged in the TLR4 group compared with the wild type group, but not in the TLR2 group.'] Are polymorphisms of the toll-like receptor 2 and 4 genes associated with faster progression and a more severe course of sepsis in critically ill patients?