Business Consultant: <b> Some corporations shun the use of executive titles </b> because they fear that the use of titles indicating position in the corporation tends to inhibit communication up and down the corporate hierarchy. Since an executive who uses a title is treated with more respect by outsiders, however, <b> use of a title can facilitate an executive' s dealings with external businesses </b>. Clearly, corporations should adopt the compromise of encouraging their executives to use their corporate titles externally but not internally, since even if it is widely known that the corporation' s executives use titles outside their organization, this knowledge does not by itself inhibit communication within the corporation. In the consultant's reasoning, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles? ['The first describes a policy for which the consultant seeks to provide a justification; the second is a consideration the consultant raises as part of that justification.', 'The first describes a strategy that has been adopted to avoid a certain problem; the second presents a drawback to that strategy.', 'The first is part of an explanation that the consultant offers for a certain phenomenon; the second is that phenomenon.', 'The first describes a strategy that has been adopted to avoid a certain problem; the second is a consideration the consultant raises in questioning the significance of that problem.']