Proponent: Irradiation of food by gamma rays would keep it from spoiling before it reaches the consumer in food stores. The process leaves no radiation behind, and vitamin losses are comparable to those that occur in cooking, so there is no reason to reject irradiation on the grounds of nutrition or safety. Indeed, it kills harmful Salmonella bacteria, which in contaminated poultry have caused serious illness to consumers. Opponent: The irradiation process has no effect on the bacteria that cause botulism, a very serious form of food poisoning, while those that cause bad odors that would warn consumers of botulism are killed. Moreover, Salmonella and the bacteria that cause botulism can easily be killed in poultry by using a safe chemical dip. The opponent's argument proceeds by ["showing that claims made in the proponent's argument result in a self-contradiction", 'shifting perspective from safety with respect to consumers to safety with respect to producers', 'establishing that undesirable consequences result from the adoption of either one of two proposed remedies', 'pointing out an alternative way of obtaining an advantage claimed by the proponent without risking a particular disadvantage']