['To evaluate the role of short-term steroids after prostate brachytherapy to reduce oedema and thus the risk of urinary retention associated with brachytherapy, as this can require surgical intervention and may even result in incontinence.', 'A retrospective review was conducted on 400 consecutive patients with early-stage prostate cancer who underwent ultrasonography-guided transperineal brachytherapy. Androgen deprivation was given to 146 patients for 3 months before the implant and 280 received a 2-week course of dexamethasone (4 mg twice daily for 1 week then 2 mg twice daily). Forty-five patients developed acute urinary retention at a median of 12 days after implantation. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to evaluate the potential risk factors for urinary retention.', 'Acute urinary retention developed in 11.1% of the patients and the risk was predicted by increasing prostate volume at the time of diagnosis. This risk was higher (18.8%) for men receiving no dexamethasone and lower (8.2%) for those who did. In the multivariate analysis the volume at diagnosis and the use of dexamethasone remained significant. The use of steroids counterbalanced the effect of increasing prostate volume on the incidence of retention. The risk of retention was higher in those men receiving androgen deprivation to shrink their prostates than in those whose prostates were of suitable size for implantation at the time of diagnosis.'] Does corticosteroid use after prostate brachytherapy reduce the risk of acute urinary retention?