A successful chess-playing computer would prove either that a machine can think or that chess does not involve thinking. In either case the conception of human intelligence would certainly change. The reasoning above is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it does not consider the possibility that ['the conception of intelligence is inextricably linked to that of thought', 'the inability to play chess has more to do with lack of opportunity than with lack of intelligence', 'computer programs have been successfully applied to games other than chess', 'a successful chess-playing computer would not model a human approach to chess playing']