Marianna: The problem of drunk driving has been somewhat ameliorated by public education and stricter laws. Additional measures are nevertheless needed. People still drive after drinking, and when they do the probability is greatly increased that they will cause an accident involving death or serious injury. David: I think you exaggerate the dangers of driving while drunk. Actually, a driver who is in an automobile accident is slightly less likely to be seriously injured if drunk than if sober. In responding to Marianna's argument, David makes which one of the following errors of reasoning? ['He argues against a point that is not one that Marianna was making.', "He contradicts Marianna's conclusion without giving any evidence for his point of view.", 'He directs his criticism against the person making the argument rather than directing it against the argument itself.', 'He contradicts himself.']