['The aim of the present study was to assess sociodemographic and clinical differences between inpatients with major mood disorders (bipolar disorder - BD - and major depression - MDD) and the cyclothymic phenotype (CYC), and pure BDs or MDDs.', 'Participants were 281 adult inpatients (134 men and 147 women) consecutively admitted to the Department of Psychiatry of the Sant׳Andrea University Hospital in Rome, Italy, between January 2008 and June 2010. The patients completed the Hamilton Scale for Depression (HAMD17), the Young Mania Rating Scale, the TEMPS-A (Temperament Evaluation of the Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego-Autoquestionnaire), and the Beck Hopelessness Scale.', '38.7% of the MDD patients and 48.3% of the BD patients satisfied criteria to be included in the cyclothymic groups. Above 92% of the patients with the cyclothymic phenotype reported suicidal ideation at the item #3 of the HAMD17. Furthermore, patients with the cyclothymic phenotype reported higher hopelessness than other patients.'] Is cyclothymic temperament rather than polarity associated with hopelessness and suicidality in hospitalized patients with mood disorders?