['Intestinal-type gastric carcinomas progress through several sequential steps, including atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia, and cancer.', 'We investigated heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) expression in gastric neoplasia and background gastric mucosa to assess its involvement in gastric carcinogenesis.', 'We used real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction to examine HSP27 expression in gastric neoplasias and background gastric mucosae of 30 patients with intraepithelial neoplasias and in gastric mucosae of 30 patients without gastric neoplasia. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on 30 advanced gastric cancer tissues.', 'HSP27 expression was negatively associated with atrophic gastritis. HSP27 expression in the background gastric mucosa of neoplasia-bearing patients was significantly lower than in the mucosa of those without gastric neoplasia. In tumor necrosis factor α-treated gastric cancer cells, HSP27 knockdown increased cell death and accumulation of the reactive oxygen species that link inflammation to cancer. Poorly differentiated tumors most frequently had high HSP27 levels. Dedifferentiation of cancer cells is associated with an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) signaling pathway. In gastric cancer MKN-1 cells, HSP27 knockdown upregulated E-cadherin and downregulated vimentin and smooth muscle actin, but this did not occur in MKN-74 cells.'] Is heat shock protein 27 expression inversely correlated with atrophic gastritis and intraepithelial neoplasia?