A report of a government survey concluded that Center City was among the ten cities in the nation with the highest dropout rate from its schools. The survey data were obtained by asking all city residents over the age of 19 whether they were high school graduates and computing the proportion who were not. A city school of official objected that the result did not seem accurate according to the schools' figures. The school official can most properly criticize the reasoning by which the survey report reached its result for failure to do which one of me following? ['predict the effect of the information contained in the report on future high school dropout rates for the city', "take into account instances of respondents' dropping out that occurred before the respondents reached high school", "consider whether a diploma from the city's high schools signaled the same level of achievement over time", "distinguish between residents who had attended the city's schools and those who had received their schooling elsewhere"]