['To assess the functional consequence of the hepatocyte nuclear factor 1alpha gene (HNF-1alpha) G574S variant previously proposed as a diabetes susceptibility allele, in a group of Mexican Type 2 diabetic patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD).', 'The transcriptional activity of the HNF-1alpha G574S recombinant protein on the human insulin promoter was assessed by transfection assays in RINm5f and HepG2 cell lines.', 'Two unrelated Mexican diabetic patients with no known African ancestry were found to carry the G574S variant. This substitution was not found among unrelated healthy control subjects. Whereas the G574S HNF-1alpha transcription activation of the human insulin promoter was 40% lower than that of the wild-type protein in RINm5f beta cells, no difference was found in a hepatic cell line (HepG2).'] Is hNF-1alpha G574S a functional variant with decreased transactivation activity?