['This program was designed to evaluate the effect of morbidity and mortality peer review conferences (MMPRCs) for ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) on nurse accountability and compliance with evidence-based VAP prevention practices.', 'Ventilator-associated pneumonia is associated with longer average length of stay (ALOS), greater cost, and increased morbidity and mortality. Traditionally, passive or punitive methods have been used to reduce undesirable outcomes. The MMPRC is not a conventional nursing intervention.', 'Each MMPRC included case history, relevant hospital course, diagnostic comorbidities, and compliance with VAP prevention strategies. The preventability of each VAP was determined by RN peers. Ventilator days, VAP bundle compliance, VAP incidence, ICU ALOS, cost, and satisfaction data were collected.', 'Nurse accountability improved significantly (chi(2)= 24.041, P < .001), and VAP incidence was reduced. Data demonstrated satisfaction with the MMPRC. Number of ventilator days and ALOS did not change significantly, although VAP bundle compliance improved from 90.1% to 95.2%.'] Do effect of morbidity and mortality peer review on nurse accountability and ventilator-associated pneumonia rates?