['The secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), also known as osteonectin, plays an important role in osteoblast formation, maturation, and survival. Here, we report the effects of recombinant human parathyroid hormone (1-34) [rhPTH (1-34)], a bone formation-stimulating agent, and elcatonin on plasma SPARC levels in patients with osteoporosis. The rhPTH (1-34) treatment significantly increased plasma SPARC levels, and the change of plasma SPARC correlated positively with changes of lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) at L2-L4. These results unveil that SPARC may be a novel marker related to the regulation of bone formation.', 'rhPTH (1-34) is known to influence osteoclast maturation and activity through modulation of osteoblast-derived cytokines. SPARC is the most abundant noncollagenous extracellular matrix protein in the bone. So far, however, no study has reported the effects of rhPTH (1-34) administration on plasma SPARC levels in patients with osteoporosis. The purpose of this study was to compare the response of SPARC and BMD to rhPTH (1-34) and elcatonin in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.', 'Women were randomized to either once-daily subcutaneous injection of rhPTH (1-34) (20 μg, N = 89) or once-weekly intramuscular injection of elcatonin (200 U, N = 35) for 12 months. Plasma biochemical markers of bone turnover and BMD were measured at baseline, 6 and 12 months after treatment.', 'At baseline, plasma SPARC levels correlated positively with lumbar spine BMD in all patients (r = 0.45, p = 0.001). Compared with baseline, at 12 months, rhPTH (1-34) significantly increased lumbar spine BMD and plasma SPARC levels (p = 0.008 and p = 0.001, respectively), whereas elcatonin was ineffective. More importantly, the changes of plasma SPARC correlated positively with changes of lumbar BMD at L2-L4 (r = 0.47, p = 0.001) in the rhPTH (1-34)-treated group, but not in the elcatonin group.'] Does the rhPTH treatment elevate plasma secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine levels in patients with osteoporosis?