Alice will volunteer to work on the hospital fundraising drive only if her brother Bruce also volunteers and a majority of the others working on the drive promise to select Bruce to manage the drive. However, although Bruce is willing to volunteer, none of the others working on the drive will promise to select Bruce to manage the drive. Thus it is certain that Alice will not volunteer. In which one of the following arguments is the pattern of reasoning most similar to the pattern of reasoning in the argument above? ['Leon will go to the picnic only if Vera also goes. However, according to his friends Leon does not plan to go to the picnic: so it is certain that Vera is not planning to go.', 'Therese will work in the yard tomorrow only if Maria helps her and it is not raining. Although Maria does not like working in the yard, she will help Therese. So unless it rains tomorrow, Therese will certainly work in the yard.', 'Jim will go to the party only if both Sam and Elaine also go. Sam is going to the party, but Elaine is not going. So it is certain that Jim will not go to the party.', 'If Paula works with Elise, then Jane will work with Arthur only. However, if Paula does not work, Elise will also work with Jane. So if Paula does not work, Arthur will work with both Jane and Elise.']