['To determine whether children with epilepsy undergoing valproate (VPA) antiepileptic therapy and who are otherwise healthy have a lower serum level of carnitine (CAR) and a higher plasma level of plasma ammonia than do normal children.', 'A total of 45 children with epilepsy, 6.3 to 21.7 years of age, who were treated solely with VPA and were free of abnormal neurologic findings or nutritional problems were randomly selected (VPA-treated group). An age-matched control group (n = 45) was selected from subjects without epilepsy (control group). Total (T) and free (F) serum CAR, serum VPA concentration, and the plasma ammonia level were measured and analyzed.', 'Serum VPA concentration exhibited a weak negative correlation with both T- (r = -0.34) and F-CAR (r = -0.41). The T-CAR levels were 55.7 +/- 12.4 and 57.6 +/- 12.1 mM, and the F-CAR levels 42.7 +/- 9.9 and 44.4 +/- 9.9 mM in the VPA-treated and control groups, respectively. Thus, there was no significant difference in T- or F-CAR levels between the VPA-treated and control groups. Plasma ammonia levels were the same in the two groups: 26 +/- 9.2 and 29.4 +/- 11.8 mM in the VPA-treated and control groups, respectively. There was no significant correlation between blood ammonia and either T- (r = +0.024) or F-CAR (r = -0. 026).'] Does valproate therapy deplete carnitine levels in otherwise healthy children?