The bullwhip effect is a phenomenon of amplification of demand variation in the supply chain. It refers to the inability to effectively share information when the information flow is passed from the final client to the original supplier. Increasing volatility. Which of the following are "bullwhip effects". ['During the bird flu epidemic in various places, retailer A heard that vinegar can prevent the flu. He saw this as a good business opportunity and hoarded a large amount of bagged vinegar for future high-priced sales.', 'A new product is on the market and demand exceeds supply. Retailer A temporarily increases the order quantity to wholesaler B based on the sales of the product. B orders from the commodity sales center based on the order quantity submitted by different parts vendors.', "Retailer A estimates an order quantity based on last month's sales volume, in order to ensure that the order quantity is available in time. After slightly increasing the order quantity, it is submitted to wholesaler B, and B orders from a commodity sales center for the same consideration.", 'A commodity sales center has increased the market launch of the product according to market trends and annual sales monthly standards. More and more retailers have selected the product.']