['The expression of growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43), a marker of axonal growth, in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons innervating the lumbar intervertebral disc was assessed using the retrograde tracing method and immunohistochemistry.', 'To study whether disc inflammation affects GAP-43 expression in DRG neurons innervating the disc in rats.', 'Persistent inflammation and nerve ingrowth into the inner layer of degenerated discs can be a cause of discogenic pain. Although the presence of GAP-43-expressing nerve fibers in painful discs has been reported, the expression of GAP-43 in DRG neurons innervating the disc has not been studied.', "Seven days after the application of Fluoro-Gold to the L5-L6 disc, 50 microL of saline (n = 10, control group) or complete Freund's adjuvant (n = 10, inflammatory group) was applied to the disc in rats. Ten days after the Fluoro-Gold application, T13-L5 DRGs were double-stained with GAP-43 and either calcitonin gene-related peptide or isolectin B4 (IB4).", 'The percentage of Fluoro-Gold-labeled neurons that were positive for GAP-43 was significantly higher in the inflammatory group (44%) than in the control group (24%, P < 0.001). In both groups, the majority of GAP-43-positive neurons were small and positive for calcitonin gene-related peptide but not IB4.'] Does disc inflammation potentially promote axonal regeneration of dorsal root ganglion neurons innervating lumbar intervertebral disc in rats?