['Hydrocephalus causes damage to periventricular white matter at least in part through chronic ischemia. The sodium channel-blocking agents mexiletine and riluzole have been shown to be of some protective value in various models of neurological injury. We hypothesized that these agents would ameliorate the effects of experimental childhood-onset hydrocephalus.', 'Hydrocephalus was induced in 4-week-old rats by injection of kaolin into the cisterna magna. Tests of cognitive and motor function were performed on a weekly basis. In a blinded and randomized manner, mexiletine (0.7, 7, or 42 mg/kg/d) or riluzole (1.4 or 13.6 mg/kg/d) was administered by osmotic minipump for 2 weeks, beginning 2 weeks after induction of hydrocephalus. The brains were then subjected to histopathological and biochemical analyses.', 'Compared with untreated hydrocephalic rats, neither mexiletine nor riluzole was associated with a protective effect on behavioral, structural, or biochemical abnormalities.'] Are sodium channel-blocking agents of benefit to rats with kaolin-induced hydrocephalus?