Mayor: Local antitobacco activists are calling for expanded antismoking education programs paid for by revenue from heavily increased taxes on cigarettes sold in the city. Although the effectiveness of such education programs is debatable, there is strong evidence that the taxes themselves would produce the sought-after reduction in smoking. Surveys show that cigarette sales drop substantially in cities that impose stiff tax increases on cigarettes. Which one of the following, if true, most undermines the reasoning in the argument above? ['Antismoking education programs that are funded by taxes on cigarettes will tend to lose their funding if they are successful.', 'People who are well informed about the effects of long-term tobacco use are significantly less likely to smoke than are people who are not informed.', 'Usually, cigarette sales will increase substantially in the areas surrounding a city after that city imposes stiff taxes on cigarettes.', 'A city-imposed tax on cigarettes will substantially reduce the amount of smoking in the city if the tax is burdensome to the average cigarette consumer.']