['Data on herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) among women in the general population of developing countries are limited.', 'The goal of the study was to determine the seroprevalence of HSV-2 and to identify clinical, demographic, and behavioral correlates among women attending primary health care clinics.', 'This was a cross-sectional survey of 382 randomly chosen women aged 15 to 49 years.', 'The seroprevalence of HSV-2 was 39%. Only 2% had a history of genital herpes. HSV-2 was associated with antibody to HIV-1 (OR=2.3 [CI, 1.1-4.7]), syphilis (OR=4.7 [CI, 1.4-4.7]), and genital ulcers (OR=9.7 [CI 2.5-36.9]). Age, sexual debut, number of sex partners, and history of spontaneous abortion were found to be significantly associated with HSV-2. Eighty-two percent of the women with genital ulcers were HSV-2-seropositive, while syphilis accounted for 6% of cases. HSV-2 may thus be the most common cause of genital ulcers in this population.'] Does seroprevalence and correlate of herpes simplex virus type 2 among urban Tanzanian women?