Durth: Increasingly, businesses use direct mail advertising instead of paying for advertising space in newspapers, in magazines, or on billboards. This practice is annoying and also immoral. Most direct mail advertisements are thrown out without ever being read, and the paper on which they are printed is wasted. If anyone else wasted this much paper, it would be considered unconscionable. Which one of the following most accurately describes Durth's method of reasoning? ['claiming that direct mail advertising is immoral because one of its results would be deemed immoral in other contexts', 'asserting that other advertising methods do not have the negative effects of direct mail advertising', 'presenting a specific counterexample to the contention that direct mail advertising is not immoral', 'basing a conclusion on the claim that direct mail advertising is annoying to those who receive it']