['The interactions between cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM) are important in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation. Cells cultured in ECM differentiate and develop tubular structures. The kidney has the ability to partially recover function after an ischemic insult through repairing its tubular epithelium. The factors that contribute to tubule formation in vitro may mediate tubule regeneration in the recovery stage of acute tubular necrosis.', 'RNA purified from cells grown on plastic, on Matrigel and in Matrigel matrix were subjected to differential display analysis to identify the transcripts that are differentially expressed during in vitro tubulogenesis.', 'Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) expression increased in renal epithelial cells undergoing tubule formation. PRMT5 expression is developmentally regulated and ubiquitously expressed in a variety of adult tissues. We also demonstrated that expression of PRMT5 is enhanced in the renal tubular epithelium of animals subjected to ischemic reperfusion injury (IRI).'] Is human PRMT5 expression enhanced during in vitro tubule formation and after in vivo ischemic injury in renal epithelial cells?