All policies and policies conducive to the development of productive forces are in the fundamental interests of the people, and reform and opening up are conducive to the development of productive forces, so reform and opening up are in the fundamental interests of the people. Which of the following reasoning methods is most similar to the above paragraph? ['Listening to all actions is a disciplinary guarantee that a team can be invincible. Therefore, to develop an enterprise and a region, it is necessary to promote prohibition and obey the overall situation ’.', 'After a follow-up survey of the fitness equipment sold in the last six months, no return or repair was found due to quality problems. Therefore, it can be said that the quality of the fitness equipment is qualified.', 'If a certain product exceeds market demand, there may be a slow-moving phenomenon. The supply of "Zhuoqun" tie greatly exceeds the market demand, so there will be a slow-moving phenomenon.', 'Any contract signed beyond agency authority is invalid. This real estate construction contract is signed beyond agency authority, so it is invalid.']