Critic: It has been argued that the real value of a product is not equal to the price people are willing to pay for it, on the grounds that this price often exceeds the cost of the labor required to create it, and the excess goes to the investor as an unjustifiably acquired profit. But since the existence of the product is as dependent on the investor' s initial capital outlay as on the laborer' s toil, this argument is fallacious. The critic's argument requires assuming which one of the following? ['People who make the initial investment required to create a product have a right to a greater percentage of the receipts from its sale than do those whose contributions occur later.', 'Everyone whose activity contributes to the creation of a product deserves an equal share of the proceeds from its sale.', "An investor's profit is not justified in those cases in which the existence of the product does not depend on the investor's initial capital outlay.", 'The real value of a product is not completely determined by the cost of the labor needed to bring the product into existence.']