['To determine whether CT can depict early perfusion changes in lung cancer treated by anti-angiogenic drugs, allowing prediction of response.', "Patients with non-small cell lung cancer, treated by conventional chemotherapy with (Group 1; n\u2009=\u200917) or without (Group 2; n\u2009=\u200923) anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) drug (bevacizumab) underwent CT perfusion before (TIME\u20090) and after 1 (TIME\u20091), 3 (TIME\u20092) and 6 (TIME\u20093) cycles of chemotherapy. The CT parameters evaluated included: (1) total tumour vascular volume (TVV) and total tumour extravascular flow (TEF); (2) RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours) measurements. Tumour response was also assessed on the basis of the clinicians' overall evaluation.", "In Group 1, significant reduction in perfusion was identified between baseline and: (1) TIME\u20091 (TVV, P\u2009=\u20090.0395; TEF, P\u2009=\u20090.015); (2) TIME\u20092 (TVV, P\u2009=\u20090.0043; TEF, P\u2009<\u20090.0001); (3) TIME\u20093 (TVV, P\u2009=\u20090.0034; TEF, P\u2009=\u20090.0005) without any significant change in Group 2. In Group 1: (1) the reduction in TVV at TIME\u20091 was significantly higher in responders versus non-responders at TIME\u20092 according to RECIST (P\u2009=\u20090.0128) and overall clinicians' evaluation (P\u2009=\u20090.0079); (2) all responders at TIME\u20092 had a concurrent decrease in TVV and TEF at TIME\u20091."] Does perfusion CT allow prediction of therapy response in non-small cell lung cancer treated with conventional and anti-angiogenic chemotherapy?