['As tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF) reflects the prognosis of patients with various chronic renal diseases, the pathogenesis of TIF has to be clarified. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is a key mediator for renal fibrosis. We reported that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) prevents renal fibrosis in nephrotic mice. However, the function of HGF in chronic renal failure, except for nephrotic syndrome, remains to be determined.', 'Using mice subjected to unilateral ureter-ligated obstruction (UUO), we investigated the roles of HGF in TIF, as induced by obstructive nephropathy. Pathophysiological changes in the kidney after UUO treatment were analyzed focusing on expressions of renal HGF and TGF-beta, TIF, tubular proliferation, and apoptosis. Neutralizing antibody against rodent HGF, or recombinant human HGF (rhHGF), was administrated to the UUO mice, and pathophysiological changes after neutralization or supplements of HGF were analyzed.', 'In this UUO model, TIF with tubular apoptosis became evident, and it was accompanied by a decrease in renal HGF expression and an increase in renal TGF-beta expression. Neutralization of endogenous HGF accelerated the progression of TIF, accompanied by increases in TGF-beta expression and tubular apoptosis as well as by decreases in tubular proliferation. In contrast, rhHGF attenuated TIF progression, and there were decreases in TGF-beta expression and tubular apoptosis, and an increase in tubular proliferation.'] Does hepatocyte growth factor suppress interstitial fibrosis in a mouse model of obstructive nephropathy?