['There is a need for better management strategies to improve the survival and quality of life in patients with biliary tract cancer (BTC).', 'To assess prognostic factors for survival in a large, non-selective cohort of patients with BTC.', "We compared outcomes in 321 patients with a final diagnosis of BTC (cholangiocarcinoma n = 237, gallbladder cancer n = 84) seen in a tertiary referral cancer centre between 1998 and 2007. Survival according to disease stage and treatment category was compared using log-rank testing. Cox's regression analysis was used to determine independent prognostic factors.", 'Eighty-nine (28%) patients underwent a surgical intervention with curative intent, of whom 38% had R0 resections. Among the 321 patients, 34% were given chemo- and/or radiotherapy, 14% were palliated with photodynamic therapy (PDT) and 37% with biliary drainage procedures alone. The overall median survival was 9 months (3-year survival, 14%). R0-resective surgery conferred the most favourable outcome (3-year survival, 57%). Although patients palliated with PDT had more advanced clinical T-stages, their survival was similar to those treated with attempted curative surgery but who had positive resection margins. On multivariable analysis, treatment modality, serum carbohydrate-associated antigen 19-9, distant metastases and vascular involvement were independent prognostic indicators of survival.'] Is r0 but not R1/R2 resection associated with better survival than palliative photodynamic therapy in biliary tract cancer?