['To study the incidence and characteristics of intraoperative sclerotomy-related retinal breaks encountered during 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomy.', 'A retrospective consecutive case series was assembled from the surgical logs and charts of patients who underwent 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomy. Demographic data and preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative records were examined.', 'A total 548 eyes met the inclusion criteria. Of them, 145 eyes underwent pars plana vitrectomy for repair of a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and 403 eyes for other indications. Sclerotomy-related retinal breaks were found in 8 of 548 (1.45%) eyes. No breaks were found in the 145 RRD eyes. In non-RRD cases, 8 of 403 (1.98%) eyes had sclerotomy-related breaks. All breaks were adjacent to the superior sclerotomies. The incidence of postoperative retinal detachment was 0% (0 of 403) in the non-RRD group. In eyes with breaks, the primary surgical indication was vitreomacular traction in six of eight eyes and epiretinal membrane in two of eight eyes. Posterior vitreous detachment was absent in six of eight eyes, and six of eight eyes were phakic. Eyes with vitreomacular traction had a significantly higher incidence of breaks (P < 0.0001). Eyes with a surgical indication other than RRD had a higher incidence of breaks, but this was not statistically significant when compared with eyes with RRD (P = 0.087).'] Do intraoperative sclerotomy-related retinal breaks during 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomy?