['Epilepsy is often misdiagnosed and approximately one in every four patients diagnosed with refractory epilepsy does not have epilepsy, but instead non-epileptic seizures. Video electroencephalography monitoring (VEM) is the gold standard for differentiation between epileptic and non-epileptic seizures. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of VEM as a diagnostic tool.', 'In this retrospective study, we have investigated the diagnostic outcome of 155 in patients undergoing VEM at Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet) over a two-year period.', 'The study showed that VEM revealed a diagnosis in 80%. Epilepsy was diagnosed in 38% and epilepsy was rejected in 43% of cases. In the remaining 20% of cases, epilepsy could not be excluded. Among patients who were referred in antiepileptic drug treatment, 29% did not have epilepsy. The highest diagnostic yield was obtained when patients had seizures with ictal electroencephalography paroxysms during VEM.'] Does video electroencephalography monitoring differentiate between epileptic and non-epileptic seizures?