['To investigate the relationship between personality measures and alcohol dependence relapse in a treatment sample of men with alcohol dependence.', 'Alcohol dependent men (N = 87) without a primary diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder, recruited consecutively from a 3-week abstinence-focused therapeutic program, along with informants, completed the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R Personality Disorders (self-report questionnaire) (SCID-PQ) and the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ) and were followed-up for 6 months. Drinking outcomes were based on multiple sources of data and subjects categorized as relapsed or not. Personality was investigated according to traditional DSM-III-R/DSM-IV clusters, as well as conduct disorder and obsessionality separately, in addition to the four major temperament dimensions of the TPQ.', 'Cluster B personality disorder symptoms, conduct disorder symptoms and novelty seeking were not associated with relapse. However, the temperament trait of persistence predicted relapse.'] Does low persistence predict relapse in alcohol dependence following treatment?