['High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) can predict the occurrence and prognosis of coronary heart disease (CHD) in the Western population; however, the role of HDL-C in Chinese populations is unclear. Thus, we investigated the predictive value of HDL-C on the risk and clinical outcomes of CHD in the Han Chinese population.', 'In a case-control study, plasma HDL-C levels of CHD patients and controls were evaluated to analyse the diagnostic value of HDL-C on CHD. In a prospective cohort study, the predictive value of HDL-C on the development of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) was determined in CHD patients who underwent a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).', 'In the case-control study, HDL-C levels were significantly lower in patients with CHD (n\xa0=\xa0375) compared to the controls (n\xa0=\xa0328, P\xa0<\xa00.05). There were more male patients in the CHD group than in the control group. Logistic regression analysis showed that, relative to other lipid parameters, the relationship between HDL-C levels and CHD showed the strongest association. A stratified analysis showed that gender did not affect the relationship between HDL-C levels and CHD. The prospective cohort study found that in the low HDL-C subgroup of CHD patients (n\xa0=\xa0249) who underwent PCI, 62 (24.9%) patients experienced a MACE during the 120-week follow-up period. However, only 15 (6.8%) patients experienced a MACE in the high HDL-C subgroup (n\xa0=\xa0219; P\xa0<\xa00.05). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the MACE rate and death rate were significantly higher in the low HDL-C subgroup than in their counterparts with high HDL-C levels (P\xa0<\xa00.05). The Cox regression analysis showed that HDL-C was an independent predictor of a MACE during the follow-up period (hazard ratio\xa0=\xa00.395, P\xa0=\xa00.005).'] Does low HDL-C predict risk and PCI outcomes in the Han Chinese population?