['There is now evidence that some patients with major depression show an activation of the inflammatory response system (IRS). This study was carried out to examine whether major depression may induce sensitization with increased IRS responses to the stress of child birth.', 'Serum concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6), the soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R), sgp130 (the IL-6 signal transducing protein) and the sIL-1R antagonist (sIL-1RA) were determined in 16 and 50 women with and without a lifetime history of major depression, respectively. Blood was collected 3-6 days before delivery and 1 and 3 days after delivery. On each occasion the women completed the Zung Depression Rating Scale (ZDS).', 'Serum IL-6, sIL-6R, sIL-1RA were significantly higher 1 and 3 days after delivery than before. Women who had suffered from a lifetime history of major depression had greater increases in serum IL-6 and sIL-1RA in the early puerperium than women without a lifetime history. Women who had suffered from a lifetime history of major depression had significantly higher IL-6, and sIL-1RA concentrations 1 and 3 days after delivery than women with a negative life-time history.'] Is the inflammatory response following delivery amplified in women who previously suffered from major depression , suggesting that major depression is accompanied by a sensitization of the inflammatory response system?