['Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a common congenital or acquired skeletal disease characterized by subluxation, dislocation, or dysplasia of the hip joint. This study aimed to explore the potential impact of Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) gene polymorphisms on embryonic hip joint development and the course of DDH.', 'One hundred ninety-two unrelated Chinese Han female DDH patients and 191 unrelated, healthy, ethnically matched female controls were recruited and genotyped for two tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of DKK1 using the Sequenom method.', 'One of the two DKK1 tag SNPs, rs11001560, was not shown to be significantly statistically different in allele frequency between DDH patients and control groups (χ(2)=0.898, df=1, p=0.343). However, a significant difference in genotype distribution was observed (χ(2)=21.987, df=2, p<0.0001). For SNP rs1569198, significant differences were observed in both allele frequency and genotype distribution between the DDH group and control group (χ(2)=31.484, df=1, p<0.0001 and χ(2)=30.323, df=2, p<0.0001). The A allele frequency of rs1569198 has a significant association to increased risk of DDH development (odds ratio [OR]=3.032, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 2.034-4.519).'] Are two single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the DKK1 gene associated with developmental dysplasia of the hip in the Chinese Han female population?