The huge labor supply has supported the rapid development of the economy since the reform and opening up and formed a demographic dividend. However, the size of the population does not necessarily translate into a demographic dividend and requires basic cultural quality support. Since the reform and opening up, China has made basic education work important. Position, enacted laws and regulations such as the compulsory education law, and continuously increased investment in related fields, thereby ensuring the improvement of the quality of the labor force. In recent years, with the continuous improvement of the aging level, the labor force has shown signs of shrinking in size. To achieve sustainable economic development under the conditions of labor supply, it is necessary to implement the quality construction project for employees, promote the construction of a large army of knowledge-based, technology-based and innovative laborers, and promote the transition from demographic dividend to talent dividend. The text mainly says:. ['The current situation raises new requirements for improving the quality of the population.', 'Education is the key to achieving sustainable economic development today.', 'Current economic development needs to unlock demographic dividend.', 'Improving the quality of the labor force needs to strengthen basic education.']