['Peanut oral immunotherapy (PNOIT) induces persistent tolerance to peanut in a subset of patients and induces specific antibodies that might play a role in clinical protection. However, the contribution of induced antibody clones to clinical tolerance in PNOIT is unknown.', 'We hypothesized that PNOIT induces a clonal, allergen-specific B-cell response that could serve as a surrogate for clinical outcomes.', 'We used a fluorescent Ara h 2 multimer for affinity selection of Ara h 2-specific B cells and subsequent single-cell immunoglobulin amplification. The diversity of related clones was evaluated by means of next-generation sequencing of immunoglobulin heavy chains from circulating memory B cells with 2x250 paired-end sequencing on the Illumina MiSeq platform.', 'Expression of class-switched antibodies from Ara h 2-positive cells confirms enrichment for Ara h 2 specificity. PNOIT induces an early and transient expansion of circulating Ara h 2-specific memory B cells that peaks at week 7. Ara h 2-specific sequences from memory cells have rates of nonsilent mutations consistent with affinity maturation. The repertoire of Ara h 2-specific antibodies is oligoclonal. Next-generation sequencing-based repertoire analysis of circulating memory B cells reveals evidence for convergent selection of related sequences in 3 unrelated subjects, suggesting the presence of similar Ara h 2-specific B-cell clones.'] Does peanut oral immunotherapy transiently expand circulating Ara h 2-specific B cells with a homologous repertoire in unrelated subjects?