Global warming refers to the climate change phenomenon in which the temperature of the earth's atmosphere and oceans rises due to the greenhouse effect over a period of time. It is one of the tragedies of the commons, and the effect caused by it is called global warming effect. Based on the above definitions, one of the items listed below that is not a global warming effect is (). ['Extreme weather events have become stronger and more frequent in recent years, such as floods, droughts, heat waves, hurricanes and tornadoes.', 'acific Rise and Changes in Amount and Pattern of Rainfall and Snowfall.', 'Higher or lower agricultural production in the world, glacial retreat, reduced river flow in summer, the disappearance of species, and raging diseases.', 'The place where the average annual temperature of the entire continent is above 20 ° C accounts for 95% of the area of the continent. It is hot all year round, and nearly half of the regions have hot warm seasons and warm-cool seasons.']