["To reduce cholangitis after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD), we perform 'hepaticoplasty', in which the left side of the bile duct is cut to widen the diameter of the bile duct wall before hepaticojejunostomy. The aim of this study was to clarify the usefulness of hepaticoplasty to reduce cholangitis after PD.", 'From January 2002 through December 2010, 161 patients underwent PD and were enrolled in this study. Patient demographics, surgical factors, and clinical and biochemical parameters were evaluated to examine the factors predictive of cholangitis after PD and confirm the usefulness of hepaticoplasty.', 'Cholangitis after PD occurred in 13 patients (8.1%). Multivariate analysis revealed that the ratio of the postoperative bile duct diameter to that before surgery was the only independent risk factor for cholangitis after PD (p\xa0=\xa00.0012). In the small bile duct group, in which the diameter was ≤15\xa0mm before surgery (n\xa0=\xa099), hepaticoplasty reduced the narrowing of the bile duct after PD, and no cholangitis occurred. There were no complications related to hepaticoplasty.'] Does hepaticoplasty prevent cholangitis after pancreaticoduodenectomy in patients with small bile ducts?