['The relationship between appointment-keeping behavior, medication adherence (ADH), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) was assessed in 153 hypertensive African Americans followed in a community-based practice.', 'ADH was assessed with a self-report questionnaire. BP was obtained from electronic medical records and appointment attendance was determined from the log of all appointments made during the 12-month study period. Nonadherence rates were compared across appointment attendance categories with chi-square. Logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between ADH and appointment attendance, whereas multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was used to examine the relationship between appointment attendance and BP.', 'Twenty-five percent of patients (87% women, mean age 52 years) did not miss any appointments, 44% missed 1-30%, and 31% missed greater than 30%. Adjusted nonadherence rates were similar for all 3 categories (70%, 66%, and 65%, respectively, p = 0.88) as were adjusted mean SBP and DBP in the MANCOVA model, [F (4, 218) = 1.13, p = .34]. Logistic regression analysis did not indicate a significant relationship between appointment attendance and ADH.'] Is appointment-keeping behavior related to medication adherence in hypertensive African Americans?