['Endothelial cells, grown within gelatin matrices and implanted onto the adventitia of injured vessels, inhibit stenosis in experimental models. To determine if this technology could be adapted for minimally invasive procedures, the authors compared the effects of cells in an implantable sponge to that of an injectable formulation and investigated the importance of delivery site in a stent model.', 'Stents were implanted in the femoral arteries of 30 pigs. This was followed by perivascular implantation of sponges or injection of particles containing allogeneic endothelial cells. Controls received acellular matrices or nothing. The effects of delivery site were assessed by injecting cellular matrices into or adjacent to the perivascular tissue or into the neighboring muscle. Animals were sacrificed after 28 days. Pre-sacrifice angiograms and tissue sections were evaluated for stenosis.', 'Arteries treated with cellular matrices had a 55%-63% decrease in angiographic stenosis (P < .05) and a 38%-43% reduction in histologic stenoses (P < .05) compared to controls. Intimal area was greatest when cellular matrices were delivered into the muscle (6.35 mm(2) +/- 0.95) rather than into or adjacent to the perivascular tissue (4.05 mm(2) +/- 0.56 and 4.73 mm(2) +/- 0.53, respectively; P < .05).'] Does delivery site of perivascular endothelial cell matrices determine control of stenosis in a porcine femoral stent model?