['There is an uncertainty whether total inflammation in early protocol kidney graft biopsies is associated with fibrosis progression. We investigated whether total inflammation, both in fibrotic and non-fibrotic areas, at week 6 would predict fibrosis progression at one\xa0yr post-transplant.', 'We included 156 single adult ABO compatible kidney recipients with adequate week 6 and one\xa0yr transplant protocol biopsies (312 biopsies). Biopsies were scored according to the current Banff criteria. In addition, fibrosis and inflammation in fibrotic and non-fibrotic areas were scored in a 10-grade semi-quantitative eyeballing system from 0% to 100%.', 'Fibrosis increased significantly from week 6 to one\xa0yr both by the 10-grade scoring system from 0.69\xa0±\xa01.07 to 1.45\xa0±\xa01.86, (mean\xa0±\xa0SD), p\xa0<\xa00.001 and by Banff interstitial fibrosis (ci) scoring 0.81\xa0±\xa00.65 to 1.13\xa0±\xa00.87, p\xa0<\xa00.001. The 10-grade scoring system detected a larger proportion of fibrosis progressors than the Banff scoring 40.4% vs. 35.5%, p\xa0<\xa00.001. No significant positive association was found between inflammation at week 6 and progression of fibrosis in either of the scoring systems.'] Does total inflammation in early protocol kidney graft biopsies predict progression of fibrosis at one year post-transplant?