['To investigate the clinical factors predicting outcomes of leiomyoma treated with uterine artery embolization (UAE).', 'A total of 183 uterine leiomyoma patients undergoing UAE were retrospectively analyzed. Patient age, characteristics of vascular supply in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)/digital subtraction angiography (DSA), number, size and location of leiomyoma were recorded. Leiomyoma regrowth, new leiomyoma appearance and recurrence of any previously reported symptoms were carefully monitored over a mean follow-up of 30\xa0months (median 32\xa0months, range 12-80). Potential recurrence risk factors were analyzed by univariate and multivariate cox regression analysis.', 'Twenty-three recurrences were recorded. The difference in the vascularity classification systems between MRI and DSA was not statistically significant (P\u2009=\u20090.059). High vascularity in MRI, high vascularity in DSA and multiple leiomyoma showed a significant risk of recurrence using univariate and multivariate analysis (P\u2009=\u20090.004, P\u2009<\u20090.001 and P\u2009=\u20090.023, respectively). The other factors were not significantly associated with leiomyoma recurrence (P\u2009>\u20090.05).'] Does low vascularity predict favourable outcomes in leiomyoma patients treated with uterine artery embolization?