['Review current evidence on the role of fat in post-trauma insulin resistance, in reference to new studies with peroxisome proliferating activating receptor-alpha agonists.', 'Review.', 'University laboratory.', 'Thirty pediatric burn trauma patients.', 'Fourteen days of peroxisome proliferating activating receptor-alpha agonist immediately following burn trauma.', 'We measured glucose metabolism and fat metabolism via tracer methodology and intracellular measurements. Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake is impaired following burn trauma, as is intracellular insulin signaling, palmitate oxidation, and mitochondrial oxidative capacity. Furthermore, levels of intracellular lipids are increased. Two weeks of peroxisome proliferating activating receptor-alpha treatment significantly reverses these pathologic changes incurred from burn injury.'] Do role of fat metabolism in burn trauma-induced skeletal muscle insulin resistance?