['To compare the safety and efficacy of trabeculectomy with Ologen implant vs. trabeculectomy with Mitomycin C (MMC).', 'In a prospective, randomized, pilot study, 39 eyes of 33 subjects with medically uncontrolled primary glaucoma, aged 18 years or above underwent trabeculectomy either with MMC (20 eyes) or with Ologen implant (19 eyes). The primary outcome measure was cumulative success probability, defined as complete if the intraocular pressure (IOP) was > 5 and ≤ 21 mm Hg without anti-glaucoma medications or additional surgery and qualified if an IOP was > 5 and ≤ 21 mm Hg with or without anti-glaucoma medications.', 'Mean (± standard deviation) follow-up in Ologen group was 19.1 ± 8.1 months, and in MMC group was 18.0 ± 8.4 months. Mean IOP reduction at 6 months was significantly lower (P = 0.01) in the MMC group (11.9 ± 2.9 mm Hg) as compared to Ologen group (14.6 ± 2.7 mm Hg). However, at 12 months (P = 0.81) and 24 months (P = 0.32), the mean IOP was similar between the 2 groups. Complete success probability at the end of 6 months in Ologen group was 100% (95% confidence interval: 59.1 - 99.0) was similar (P = 0.53) to that in MMC group (93.8%, 95% CI: 63.2 - 99.1). The incidences of early post-operative complications were similar in the 2 groups, except hyphema, which was significantly more in Ologen group (P = 0.02).'] Do comparison of outcomes of trabeculectomy with mitomycin C vs. ologen implant in primary glaucoma?