['Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Previous studies showed that patients with ESRD had increased intima-media thickness of the carotid artery (CA-IMT). In the present study, we examined whether CA-IMT would predict cardiovascular mortality in patients with ESRD.', 'The cohort consisted of 438 patients with ESRD treated with hemodialysis. CA-IMT was measured by high-resolution B-mode ultrasonography.', 'During the follow-up period of 30 months, 82 deaths, including 44 cardiovascular fatal events, occurred. Compared with those with CA-IMT less than 1.0 mm, those with moderately increased CA-IMT (1.0 to 2.0 mm) and those with severely increased CA-IMT (>or=2.0 mm) showed a significantly greater risk for death from cardiovascular causes; odds ratios were 3.17 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.41 to 7.17; P = 0.005) and 10.20 (95% CI, 3.67 to 28.3; P < 0.0001), respectively, in a multivariate Cox analysis including age, sex, duration of hemodialysis therapy, presence of diabetes mellitus, blood pressure, body mass index, and high-density lipoprotein and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels as covariates. Conversely, CA-IMT was not significantly associated with noncardiovascular mortality.'] Does intima-media thickness of carotid artery predict cardiovascular mortality in hemodialysis patients?