1.9 Application of kumkum to others 1. Vermilion: An adornment of women 1.3 Importance of kumkum kumkum 1.5 Effect of fragrance, colour and Shakti of kumkum 1.1 The effect of applying a bindi on the forehead 1.6 Time and appropriate ritual of applying kumkum 1.4 Benefits of applying kumkum