Now, that study was with but it's important because it shows can be extended to humans. And with humans, you can test whether destroying does anything to. And this is really interesting. Even though people while the memory was in edit mode were no longer afraid they could still describe the relationship between the cue. It was as if they knew and yet they weren't. This suggests that Propranolol the non-declarative emotional memory but leave the declarative. But critically, Propranolol can only have if it's in edit mode. So how do we make a memory unstable? How do we get it into edit mode? Well, my own lab has done. We know that it depends on introducing to be incorporated into the memory. We know about the different to signal that a memory and the file edited. Now, our work is mostly in rats, but other labs have found the same factors even maladaptive memories. In fact, a number of labs have begun small-scale clinical trials for PTSD and have found really promising results. Now, these studies need replication, but they show the promise for PTSD. Maybe trauma memories do not need to be. Now, although this memory-destroying that's not to say or without controversy. Is it ethical to destroy memories? What about things. What if you can't give someone Propranolol because it would interfere? Well, with respect to ethics I would say the important is the finding from that human study. Because Propranolol is only acting it seems unlikely that it would affect which is based on declarative memory. Essentially, what these are aiming to do is to reduce the emotional memory, not get rid of the trauma. This should make the responses more like those who have and not developed PTSD than people who have never. I think that most people would find that than a treatment that aimed. What about Propranolol? You can't give Propranolol to everyone, and not everyone wants to take drugs. Well, here Tetris could be useful. Yes, Tetris. Working with clinical collaborators, we've been looking at whether can also interfere with. Now, how would that work? Well, we know that to do two tasks at the same time if they both depend on. Think trying to sing along to the radio while you're trying to compose an email. The processing for one. Well, it's the same when especially in edit mode. If we take a highly visual symptom and get people to recall and then get them to do like playing Tetris, it should be possible to introduce into that memory that it essentially becomes meaningless. That's the theory, and it's supported by data. Now, our volunteers watched so, think eye surgery, Scorsese's "The Big Shave." These trauma films produce in healthy volunteers. We found that getting people the worst moments and playing Tetris at the same time, massively reduced the frequency. And again: the memory had to be. Now, my collaborators have since. They've tested this in survivors and mothers who've had both types of trauma and they found really promising in both of those clinical cases. So although there is still much to learn these memory-destroying treatments for the treatment like PTSD. Maybe trauma memories do not need. I believe that this approach should allow those who want to to turn the page that they would prefer and so improve our mental health. Thank you.