Instruction: Answer the question based on the given paragraphs. Note that some paragraphs might be irrelevant.

Input:
Paragraph 1: Pratia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae, native to Asia, Australia and New Zealand.
Paragraph 2: Sutherlandia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae.
Question: Are Sutherlandia and Pratia in the same family?
Answer: no.

Paragraph 1: Anthem for the Underdog is the third album by the rock band 12 Stones.  It was released on August 14, 2007.  The first single "Lie to Me", was made available on 12 Stones' MySpace and official website along with the second single "Anthem For The Underdog", which was used in the movie "Never Back Down".  Both singles charted in the top 30 on the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart, while "It Was You" charted in the top 10 on Christian Rock charts.  The third single, "Adrenaline", was the theme song for the Met-Rx World's Strongest Man competition in 2007.  "Anthem for the Underdog" debuted at No. 53 on the "Billboard" 200, and stayed on the chart for four weeks.
Paragraph 2: In sports, the terms Cinderella, "Cinderella story", and Cinderella team are used to refer to situations in which competitors achieve far greater success than would reasonably have been expected.  Cinderella stories tend to gain much media and fan attention as they move closer to the championship game at the end of the tournament.  The term comes from "Cinderella", a well-known European folk tale embodying a myth-element of unjust oppression/triumphant reward.  The title character is a woman living in unfortunate circumstances that are suddenly changed to remarkable fortune.  In a sporting context the term has been used at least since 1939, but came into widespread usage in 1950, when the Disney movie came out that year, and in reference to City College of New York, the unexpected winners of the NCAA Men's Basketball championship also that year.  The term was used by Bill Murray in the 1980 hit movie "Caddyshack" where he pretends as the announcer to his own golf fantasy: "Cinderella story.  Outta nowhere.  A former greenskeeper, now, about to become the Masters champion."
Paragraph 3: Town Without Pity (German: Stadt ohne Mitleid) is a 1961 American, Swiss, and West German international co-production drama film directed by Gottfried Reinhardt.  Produced by The Mirisch Corporation, the film stars Kirk Douglas, Christine Kaufmann, and E. G. Marshall.  Coincidentally, this movie came out the same year that John A. Bennett, to this day the last man executed by the U.S. Army, was hanged for raping an 11-year-old girl.
Paragraph 4: Bambi is a 1942 American animated film directed by David Hand (supervising a team of sequence directors), produced by Walt Disney and based on the book "Bambi, a Life in the Woods" by Austrian author Felix Salten.  The film was released by RKO Radio Pictures on August 13, 1942, and is the fifth Disney animated feature film.
Paragraph 5: Underdog is a 2007 American family superhero comedy film based on the 1960s cartoon series of the same name.  Directed by Frederik Du Chau and written by Joe Piscatella, Adam Rifkin, and Craig A. Williams, the film stars Jim Belushi, Peter Dinklage, John Slattery, and Patrick Warburton with the voice talents of Jason Lee, Amy Adams, and Brad Garrett.  Unlike the TV series, the Underdog character is portrayed as a regular dog rather than an anthropomorphic one.  Underdog, voiced by Jason Lee, was played by a lemon beagle named Leo sporting a red sweater and a blue cape.  The film grossed $65.3 million worldwide.
Paragraph 6: Vedham Puthithu (Tamil: வேதம் புதிது English: New vedha ) (1987), starring Sathyaraj and Amala is a Tamil movie, written by K.Kannan, who after this movie came to be Vedham Puthithu Kannan and directed by Bharathiraja.  Charuhasan, Saritha, Raja and 'Nizhalgal' Ravi played supporting roles in the movie.
Paragraph 7: Raumschiff Highlander (translated: Starship Highlander) is a fan-created science fiction film and novel series.  The series was initiated in 1993 by Robert Amper.  Originally, a fan club of science fiction, especially for "" (aka "ST:TOS" or just "TOS"), and the Star Wars movies, whose members met regularly.  Some members having experience in filmmaking, the idea spawned of creating material for a movie.  First episode of the series aired in 1995 on German TV Channel SAT.1.  Inspired by the success of their movie came four additional sequels at the rate of one per year.  The movies are a parody of Star Trek and other classics of the genre.
Paragraph 8: François-Eudes Chanfrault (2 December 1974 – 11 March 2016), also credited as François Eudes and Francois Eudes, was a French composer and laptop musician.  Chanfrault's film music composition work in 2003 included the movie "Haute Tension" by filmmaker Alexandre Aja and "Who Killed Bambi? " directed by Gilles Marchand.  He released his first music album, "Computer-Assisted Sunset", on compact disc in 2005 via the label MK2, which received a positive reception from publications including "Fnac" and "Les Inrocks".  The same year, his music was used in the film "Beyond Hatred", which was directed by Olivier Meyrou, and received a favorable review in "Variety".  In 2006, he worked with director Alexandre Aja again, this time on the film "The Hills Have Eyes".  His work on the music for this film inspired director Jeremy Forni for his 2011 documentary film "Après la gauche".
Paragraph 9: Radio Blast is the fifth E.P. by Chicago-based pop punk band Screeching Weasel.  The lineup for this single is the same as their 1993 album, Wiggle.  2000 copies were initially pressed on Underdog Records.  A later repress came out on burgundy colored vinyl and had a sticker on the sleeve that proclaimed it "not part of the limited edition".  Both pressings are now out of print, but the two songs from this E.P. can be found on the B-sides and rarities collection, Kill the Musicians.  The A-side is a vicious attack on the state of rock radio.  Side B is the sad story of a girl who cannot find love and ends up committing suicide.  "The Girl Next Door" was covered by Blink-182, which was first released on a 1998 reissue of their first demo album, "Buddha".
Paragraph 10: Radio tekee murron ("The Radio Burglary") (1951) is a Finnish crime comedy directed by Matti Kassila and starring Hannes Häyrinen.  The idea for the movie came from an actual radio program done by sensationalist reporter Usko Santavuori, in which he committed a fake burglary of which local police forces had not been made aware, with the exception of the commander.
Question: Which movie came out first, "Bambi" or "Underdog"?
Answer:

Answer: Bambi


Instruction: Answer the question based on the given paragraphs. Note that some paragraphs might be irrelevant.

Input:
Paragraph 1: Pratia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae, native to Asia, Australia and New Zealand.
Paragraph 2: Sutherlandia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae.
Question: Are Sutherlandia and Pratia in the same family?
Answer: no.

Paragraph 1: The Salzkammergut is a resort area located in Austria.  It stretches from the City of Salzburg eastwards along the Austrian Alpine Foreland and the Northern Limestone Alps to the peaks of the Dachstein Mountains, spanning the federal states of Upper Austria, Salzburg, and Styria.  The main river of the region is the Traun, a right tributary of the Danube.  The name "Salzkammergut" literally means "Estate of the Salt Chamber" and derives from the Imperial Salt Chamber, the authority charged with running the precious salt mines of the Habsburg Monarchy.  It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Paragraph 2: Aspen Snowmass is a winter resort complex located in Pitkin County in western Colorado in the United States.  Owned and operated by the Aspen Skiing Company it comprises four skiing/snowboarding areas on four adjacent mountains in the vicinity of the towns of Aspen and Snowmass Village.  The four areas collectively form one of the most famous winter resorts in the world and are annually the destination for visitors from all over the world.
Paragraph 3: Snowboarding is a sport that has been contested at the Winter Olympic Games since the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan.  Snowboarding was one of five new sports or disciplines added to the Winter Olympic programme between 1992 and 2002, and was the only one not to have been a previous medal or demonstration event.  In 1998, four events, two for men and two for women, were held in two specialities: the giant slalom, a downhill event similar to giant slalom skiing; and the half-pipe, in which competitors perform tricks while going from one side of a semi-circular ditch to the other.  Canadian Ross Rebagliati won the men's giant slalom and became the first athlete to win a gold medal in snowboarding.  Rebagliati was briefly stripped of his medal by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) after testing positive for marijuana.  However, the IOC's decision was reverted following an appeal from the Canadian Olympic Association.  For the 2002 Winter Olympics, the giant slalom was dropped in favour of the parallel giant slalom, an event that involves head-to-head racing.  In 2006, a third event, the snowboard cross, was held for the first time.  In this event, competitors race against each other down a course with jumps, beams and other obstacles.
Paragraph 4: Obertraun, Upper Austria is a village in the Salzkammergut, a region in Austria.  It is located near the Hallstätter See (Hallstatt Lake) and Hoher Dachstein.  Obertraun is a popular holiday destination offering activities such as skiing, snowboarding in the winter and mountain biking, swimming and kayaking in the summer.
Paragraph 5: Estate Jewelry (or jewellery) is a term used, most commonly in a retail sense, to refer to jewelry and often timepieces which are part of the ‘estate’ of a deceased person.  More correctly estate jewelry is second-hand or pre-owned jewelry, with the ‘estate’ appellation signifying that the item is antique, vintage or an otherwise considered a significant or important piece.
Paragraph 6: The Front Range is a mountain range of the Southern Rocky Mountains of North America located in the central portion of the U.S. State of Colorado, and southeastern portion of the U.S. State of Wyoming.  It is the first mountain range encountered moving west along the 40th parallel north across the Great Plains of North America.  The Front Range runs north-south between Casper, Wyoming and Pueblo, Colorado and rises nearly 10,000 feet above the Great Plains.  Longs Peak, Mount Evans, and Pikes Peak are its most prominent peaks, visible from the Interstate 25 corridor.  The area is a popular destination for mountain biking, hiking, climbing, and camping during the warmer months and for skiing and snowboarding during winter.  Millions of years ago the present-day Front Range was home to ancient mountain ranges, deserts, beaches, and even oceans.
Paragraph 7: Snowboarding is a sport at the Winter Olympic Games.  It was first included in the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan.  Snowboarding was one of five new sports or disciplines added to the Winter Olympic program between 1992 and 2002, and was the only one not to have been a previous medal or demonstration event.  In 1998, four events, two for men and two for women, were held in two specialities: the giant slalom, a downhill event similar to giant slalom skiing; and the half-pipe, in which competitors perform tricks while going from one side of a semi-circular ditch to the other.  Canadian Ross Rebagliati won the men's giant slalom and became the first athlete to win a gold medal in snowboarding.  Rebagliati was briefly stripped of his medal by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) after testing positive for marijuana.  However, the IOC's decision was reverted following an appeal from the Canadian Olympic Association.  For the 2002 Winter Olympics, giant slalom was expanded to add head-to-head racing and was renamed parallel giant slalom.  In 2006, a third event, the snowboard cross, was held for the first time.  In this event, competitors race against each other down a course with jumps, beams and other obstacles.  On July 11, 2011, the International Olympic Committee's Executive Board approved the addition of Ski and Snowboard Slopestyle to the Winter Olympics roster of events, effective in 2014.  The decision was announced via press conference from the IOC's meeting in Durban, South Africa.  A fifth event, parallel slalom, was added be in 2014.
Paragraph 8: Snowkiting or Kite skiing is an outdoor winter sport where people use kite power to glide on snow or ice.  The skier uses a kite to give them power over large jumps.  The sport is similar to water-based kiteboarding, but with the footwear used in snowboarding or skiing. The principes of using the kite is the same, but in different terrain.  In the early days of snowkiting, foil kites were the most common type; nowadays many kiteboarders use inflatable kites.  However, since 2013, newly developed racing foil kites seem to dominate speed races and expedition races, like Red Bull Ragnarok (held on the Norwegian Hardangervidda plateau) and the Vake mini-expedition race (held at Norway's most northern Varanger peninsula).  Snowkiting differs from other alpine sports in that it is possible for the snowkiter to travel uphill and downhill with any wind direction.  Like kiteboarding, snowkiting can be very hazardous and should be learned and practiced with care.  Snowkiting is becoming increasingly popular in places often associated with skiing and snowboarding, such as Russia, Canada, Iceland, France, Switzerland, Austria, Norway, Sweden and the Northern and Central United States.  The sport is becoming more diverse as adventurers use kites to travel great distances and sports enthusiasts push the boundaries of freestyle, big air, speed and back country exploration.
Paragraph 9: Crystal Mountain Resort was a small day-use ski area near West Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada.  It has two chairlifts and one surface lift: a GMD Mueller doublechair, a Leitner-Poma triplechair, and a Doppelmayr T-bar.  The ski area has 30 designated groomed runs and the resort also has many different tree trails and some glades.  Despite the smaller size of the resort, which is considerably smaller than neighbouring resorts such as Big White Ski Resort and Silver Star Mountain Resort, the mountain is of good size and is a popular destination for both experienced and first-time skiers, snowboarders and snowshoers.  Despite the lower elevation, the resort receives heavy snowfall each year with many powder days throughout the winter season.  It was long known as Last Mountain Ski Resort but has since changed its name to Crystal Mountain Resort in 1992.  Crystal Mountain Resort offers lessons for skiing and snowboarding as well as offering rentals for snowshoeing.  It has not been in operation since 2014 due to a lift malfunction of the Blue doublechair.
Paragraph 10: Bromley Mountain is located in southern Vermont, United States and is part of the Green Mountains.  It is located in Bennington County, seven miles (11 km) east of Manchester, Vermont and just west of Peru, Vermont.  It is a popular destination for skiing and snowboarding.
Question: Which region of Austria means 'Estate of the Salt Chamber' and covers the village of Obertraun, a popular destination for skiing and snowboarding in the winter?
Answer:

Answer: Salzkammergut


Instruction: Answer the question based on the given paragraphs. Note that some paragraphs might be irrelevant.

Input:
Paragraph 1: Pratia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae, native to Asia, Australia and New Zealand.
Paragraph 2: Sutherlandia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae.
Question: Are Sutherlandia and Pratia in the same family?
Answer: no.

Paragraph 1: The Chinese Rites controversy was a dispute among Roman Catholic missionaries over the religiosity of Confucianism and Chinese rituals during the 17th and 18th centuries.  The debate centered over whether Chinese ritual practices of honoring family ancestors and other formal Confucian and Chinese imperial rites qualified as religious rites and were thus incompatible with Catholic belief.  The Jesuits argued that these Chinese rites were secular rituals that were compatible with Christianity, within certain limits, and should thus be tolerated.  The Dominicans and Franciscans, however, disagreed and reported the issue to Rome.
Paragraph 2: A gui is a type of bowl-shaped ancient Chinese ritual bronze vessel used to hold offerings of food, probably mainly grain, for ancestral tombs.  As with other shapes, the ritual bronzes followed early pottery versions for domestic use, and were recalled in later art in both metal, pottery, and sometimes stone.  The shape changed somewhat over the centuries but constant characteristics are a circular form (seen from above), with a rounded, wide, profile or shape from the side, standing on a narrower rim or foot.  There are usually two, or sometimes four, handles, and there may be a cover or a square base (or both).
Paragraph 3: The fangxiangshi 方相氏 was a Chinese ritual exorcist, the meaning of whose name is obscure but has been translated as "one who sees in all (four) directions", "he who scrutinizes for evil in many directions", and "one who orients unwanted spirits in the direction to which they belong".  Ancient Chinese texts record that he wore a bearskin with four golden eyes, and carried a lance and shield to expel malevolent spirits.  His primary duties were orchestrating the seasonal Nuo ritual to chase out disease-causing demons from houses and buildings, and leading a funeral procession to exorcize corpse-eating "wangliang" spirits away from a burial chamber.  From the Han dynasty through the Tang dynasty (3rd century BCE to 10th century CE), "fangxiangshi" were official "wu"-shaman specialists in the imperially sanctioned Chinese state religion; after the Tang, they were adapted into popular folk religion and symbolized by wearing a four-eyed mask.
Paragraph 4: Traditional Chinese marriage (), as opposed to marriage in modern China, is a ceremonial ritual within Chinese societies that involve a union between spouses, sometimes established by pre-arrangement between families.  Within Chinese culture, romantic love and monogamy was the norm for most citizens.  Wedding rituals and customs often varied by region because of China's extensive and rich history and because of the numerous different cultures and ethno-linguistic groups that have been subsumed into modern Chinese culture.
Paragraph 5: Chinese ritual mastery traditions, also referred to as ritual teachings (, sometimes rendered as "Faism"), or Folk Taoism (), or also Red Taoism (mostly in east China and Taiwan), constitute a large group of Chinese orders of ritual officers who operate within the Chinese folk religion but outside the institutions of official Taoism.  The "masters of rites", the "fashi" (法師), are also known in east China as "hongtou daoshi" (紅頭道士), meaning "redhead" or "redhat" "daoshi" ("masters of the Tao"), contrasting with the "wutou daoshi" (烏頭道士), "blackhead" or "blackhat" priests, of Zhengyi Taoism who were historically ordained by the Celestial Master.
Paragraph 6: An elaborately decorated "ritual wine server" in the "guang" shape (; pinyin: gōng; Wade–Giles: kung) is a Chinese ritual bronze wine vessel, accession number 60.43, in the permanent Asian collection at the Indianapolis Museum of Art.  It dates to about 1100 BCE in the Shang dynasty period.  The piece is currently on display in the Arthur R. & Frances D. Baxter Gallery of the museum.
Paragraph 7: A gu is type of ancient Chinese ritual bronze vessel from the Shang and Zhou dynasties (i.e. 1600–256 BC).  It was used to drink wine or to offer ritual libations.
Paragraph 8: A guang or gong is a particular shape used in Chinese art for vessels, originally made as Chinese ritual bronzes in the Shang dynasty (c. 1600 – c. 1046 BC), and sometimes later in Chinese porcelain.  They are a type of ewer which was used for pouring rice wine at ritual banquets, and often deposited as grave goods in high-status burial.  Examples of the shape may be described as ewers, ritual wine vessels, wine pourers and similar terms, though all of these terms are also used of a number of other shapes, especially the smaller tripod "jue" and the larger "zun".
Paragraph 9: The New Marriage Law (also First Marriage Law, ) was a civil marriage law passed in the People's Republic of China on May 1, 1950.  It was a radical change from existing patriarchal Chinese marriage traditions, and needed constant support from propaganda campaigns.  It has since been superseded by the Second Marriage Law of 1980.
Paragraph 10: Ding (鼎 ) were prehistoric and ancient Chinese cauldrons, standing upon legs with a lid and two facing handles.  They are one of the most important shapes used in Chinese ritual bronzes.  They were made in two shapes: round vessels with three legs and rectangular ones with four, the latter often called fanding.  They were used for cooking, storage, and ritual offerings to the gods or to ancestors.  The earliest recovered examples are pre-Shang ceramic ding at the Erlitou site but they are better known from the Bronze Age, particularly after the Zhou deemphasized the ritual use of wine practiced by the Shang kings.  Under the Zhou, the ding and the privilege to perform the associated rituals became symbols of authority.  The number of permitted ding varied according to one's rank in the Chinese nobility: the Nine Ding of the Zhou kings were a symbol of their rule over all China but were lost by the first emperor, Shi Huangdi in the late 3rd century .  Subsequently, imperial authority was represented by the Heirloom Seal of the Realm, carved out of the He Shi Bi jade; it was lost at some point during the Five Dynasties after the collapse of the Tang.
Question: What was need in order to diverge from the chinese ritual uniting spouses by pre-arrangement between families?
Answer:

Answer: constant support from propaganda campaigns


Instruction: Answer the question based on the given paragraphs. Note that some paragraphs might be irrelevant.

Input:
Paragraph 1: Pratia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae, native to Asia, Australia and New Zealand.
Paragraph 2: Sutherlandia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae.
Question: Are Sutherlandia and Pratia in the same family?
Answer: no.

Paragraph 1: Bill Muter (born June 8, 1984) is an American tuba player, educator, author and composer from South Florida.  Muter is arguably best known for his music technique book titled "A Practical Approach: Brass Pedagogy Book."  In the month of its release, A Practical Approach was one of the bestselling books on Apple's iBookstore Music Book Charts, topping the Beatles Songbook and the popular Real Book.  A Practical Approach has also been fully translated into Japanese.  In 2012, Muter toured to all 47 prefectures in Japan promoting his book in association with Blast! , Kyodo Tokyo and BrassTribe Magazine.  Along with "A Practical Approach", Muter is also a contributing author of pedagogy materials to the International Tuba-Euphonium Association and has presented as a clinician and soloist at the ITEA Midwest Conference.  Muter's works have also gained notoriety in Brass Musician Magazine and The New Times.
Paragraph 2: James Stanger is a writer, technologist, security consultant, and open source advocate.  He currently works at CompTIA, where he helps develop its certifications.  He has worked closely in the open source movement with Jon "maddog" Hall, John H Terpstra, as well as with the Linux Professional Institute (LPI).  He is best known as the author and editor of Information Technology books and manuals, and for creating Information Technology certifications.  He was a contributing author of O'Reilly Media's "LPI Linux Certification in a Nutshell, 2nd Edition", and lead author of Eselvier Press's "How to Cheat at Securing Linux", and many others.  He has also participated in the writing of the 3rd edition of O'Reilly's "LPI Linux Certification in a Nutshell".
Paragraph 3: David France is an American investigative reporter, non-fiction author and filmmaker.  He is a contributing editor for "New York" magazine, former "Newsweek" senior editor and published in magazines such as "The New Yorker", "The New York Times Magazine" and "GQ".  France, who is gay, is best known for his investigative journalism on LGBT topics.
Paragraph 4: L.K. Samuels (born December 7, 1951), also known as Lawrence Samuels, is an American author, classical liberal, and libertarian activist.  He is best known as the editor and contributing author of "Facets of Liberty: A Libertarian Primer" and "In Defense of Chaos: The Chaology of Politics, Economics and Human Action."  He coined the phrase "social chaology", which refers to the studies of complex, holistic, and self-organizing nature of society in relationship to the linear, predatory and "planned chaos" predispositions of government.
Paragraph 5: Todd Klick is an American author, screenwriter, director and producer based in Los Angeles.  His book, "Something Startling Happens: The 120 Story Beats Every Writer Needs To Know" became a #1 bestseller on Amazon.com for Screenwriting and Writing Skills.  It is also a bestseller for his publisher, Michael Wiese Publications.  Klick is also the author of the eBook "The Screenwriter's Fairy: The Universal Story Within All Movie Stories (a very brief fable)", which has also been #1 on Amazon for Screenwriting., and is a contributing author for the #1 bestselling Tarcher-Penguin book, "Now Write!  Science Fiction, Fantasy and Horror: Speculative Genre Exercises from Today’s Best Writers and Teachers".  Klick leads seminars at screenwriting conferences and symposiums and is a contributor to The Huffington Post and MovieMaker Magazine.
Paragraph 6: Anna Lappé is an author and educator, known for her work as an expert on food systems and as a sustainable food advocate.  The co-author or author of three books and the contributing author to over ten others, Anna's work has been widely translated internationally and featured in "The New York Times", "Gourmet", "O, The Oprah Magazine", "Domino", "Food & Wine", "Body+Soul", "Natural Health", "Utne Reader", and "Vibe", among other outlets.  With her mother Frances Moore Lappé, Anna co-founded the Cambridge-based Small Planet Institute, an international network for research and popular education about the root causes of hunger and poverty.  The Lappés are also co-founders of the Small Planet Fund, which has raised nearly $1 million for democratic social movements worldwide, two of which have won the Nobel Peace Prize since the Fund's founding in 2002.  Anna's research on sustainable agriculture has taken her from Brooklyn to South Korea, China, Bangladesh, India, Poland, France, Italy, Mali, Kenya, South Africa, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Brazil, Mexico, Canada, and beyond.
Paragraph 7: Blurt is a music print magazine and online outlet originally based in Silver Spring, MD.  The magazine was originally known as "Harp Magazine" for over 10 years, also based in Silver Spring, and was considered one of the best music magazines of the decade in the early 2000s.  After "Harp" folded in March 2008 (at the behest of its parent company, which also owned JazzTimes, it declared bankruptcy), "Blurt" was founded by "Harp" owner Scott Crawford.  Some of the main writers and editors for "Harp" also started "Blurt" with Crawford, including managing editor Fred Mills (of Asheville, NC, and also a contributing editor to "Stereophile", "Magnet" and other music industry publications and alternative weeklies), senior editor Randy Harward (also an editor for the Salt Lake City weekly paper), and senior editor Andy Tennille (a journalist and photographer, currently the photographer for Tom Petty & the Heartbreakers).
Paragraph 8: Dan Scalco is an entrepreneur and author from Fair Haven, New Jersey.  He is best known as a contributing author for "Inc.  Magazine", "Huffington Post", and "Entrepreneur", as well as the founder and CEO of Digitalux, a digital marketing agency.
Paragraph 9: Entrepreneur is an American magazine and website that carries news stories about entrepreneurship, small business management, and business.  The magazine was first published in 1977.  It is published by Entrepreneur Media Inc., headquartered in Irvine, California.  The magazine publishes 12 issues annually, available through subscription and on newsstands.  It is published under license internationally in Mexico, Russia, India, Hungary, the Philippines, South Africa, and others.  Its editor-in-chief is Jason Feifer and its owner is Peter Shea.
Paragraph 10: John W. Kindt, MBA, J.D., LL.M., SJD, is a gambling critic and a Professor of Business and Legal Policy at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.  Since 1990, Professor Kindt has probably been best known as one of the most well-published academics in issues relating to gambling.  He has served as a senior editor, contributing author, and intermittent co-author of the "United States International Gambling Report" and "United States International Gaming Report" (also known as "U.S. Int’l Gambling Report").  Kindt's academic research and publications contributed to the enactment of the 1996 U.S. National Gambling Impact Study Commission, the U.S. Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act of 2006, and various other Federal and state statutes.
Question: Dan Scalco is best known as a contributing author for a magazine owned by who?
Answer:

Answer: Peter Shea


Instruction: Answer the question based on the given paragraphs. Note that some paragraphs might be irrelevant.

Input:
Paragraph 1: Pratia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae, native to Asia, Australia and New Zealand.
Paragraph 2: Sutherlandia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae.
Question: Are Sutherlandia and Pratia in the same family?
Answer: no.

Paragraph 1: "Sipping Cider Through a Straw" is a folk song of uncertain origin.  A minstrel song titled "Sucking Cider Thro' a Straw", with words and music attributed to W. Freear, was published in 1894 by White-Smith in the United States; this composition may be the origin of the folk song, or may owe its own origin to the folk song.
Paragraph 2: Maggie is a common short form of the English name Margaret or sometimes Magdalene, Marjorie and Margarida.  Maggie may refer to:
Paragraph 3: Eureka (also called "Eureka!")  is an Australian musical with music by Michael Maurice Harvey, book and lyrics by Gale Edwards and John Senczuk and original book and lyrics by Maggie May Gordon.  The musical is set in Victoria during the Eureka Rebellion of 1854, covering the tensions between immigrant gold miners from many cultures and the British colonial authorities.  The original Australian production played in Melbourne in 2004 at Her Majesty's Theatre.  It was nominated for the Helpmann Award for Best Musical in 2005.
Paragraph 4: Min'yō (民謡 ) is a genre of traditional Japanese music.  The term is a translation of the German word "Volkslied" (folk song) and has only been in use since the twentieth century.  Japanese traditional designations referring to more or less the same genre include "inaka bushi" ("country song") "inaka buri" ("country tune"), "hina uta" ("rural song") and the like, but for most of the people who sang such songs they were simply "uta" (song).  The term min'yō is now sometimes also used to refer to traditional songs of other countries, though a preceding adjective is needed: Furansu min'yō = French folk song; for this reason, many sources in Japanese also feel the need to preface the term with "Nihon": Nihon min'yō = Japanese [traditional] folk song.
Paragraph 5: Maggie May is a musical with a book by Alun Owen and music and lyrics by Lionel Bart.  Based on "Maggie May", a traditional ballad about a Liverpool prostitute, it deals with trade union ethics and disputes among Irish-Catholic dockers in Liverpool, centring on the life of streetwalker Margaret Mary Duffy and her sweetheart, a freewheeling sailor.
Paragraph 6: "Keep yor feet still!  Geordey, hinny" is a famous Geordie comic song written in the 19th century by Joe Wilson, in a style deriving from music hall.  Though the words were by Wilson, it is to be sung to the existing tune of "Nelly Gray" (also used for the Liverpool song "Maggie May")
Paragraph 7: "When You and I Were Young, Maggie" is a famous folk song, popular song and standard.  Though Springtown, Tennessee, has a small monument outside an old mill claiming the song was written by a local George Johnson, in 1864, for his Maggie, the truth is that its lyrics were written as a poem by the Canadian school teacher George Washington Johnson from Hamilton, Ontario.  Margaret "Maggie" Clark was his pupil.  They fell in love and during a period of illness, George walked to the edge of the Niagara escarpment, overlooking what is now downtown Hamilton, and composed the poem.  The general tone is perhaps one of melancholy and consolation over lost youth rather than mere sentimentality or a fear of aging.  It was published in 1864 in a collection of his poems entitled "Maple Leaves".  They were married in 1864 but Maggie's health deteriorated and she died on May 12, 1865.  James Austin Butterfield set the poem to music and it became popular all over the world.  George Washington Johnson died in 1917.  The schoolhouse where the two lovers met still stands on the escarpment above Hamilton, and a plaque bearing the name of the song has been erected in front of the old building.  In 2005, the song was inducted into the Canadian Songwriters Hall of Fame.
Paragraph 8: "Every Picture Tells a Story" is a song written by Rod Stewart and Ron Wood and initially released as the title track of Stewart's 1971 album "Every Picture Tells a Story".  It has since been released on numerous Stewart compilation and live albums, including "The Best of Rod Stewart", "" and "Unplugged...and Seated".  It was released as a single in Spain, backed with "Reason to Believe."  It has also been covered by The Georgia Satellites on their 1986 album "Georgia Satellites" and by Robin McAuley on "Forever Mod: A Tribute to Rod Stewart".  In the "Rolling Stone Album Guide", critic Paul Evans described "Every Picture Tells a Story" and "Maggie May," another song off the "Every Picture Tells a Story" album, as Rod Stewart's and Ron Wood's "finest hour—happy lads wearing their hearts on their sleeves."  Music critic Greil Marcus regards the song as "Rod Stewart's greatest performance."
Paragraph 9: Billy Boyle is an Irish actor on British film, television and stage.  He is a veteran of the West End stage having played leading roles in over 15 hit shows.  In his first West End musical "Maggie May" he was nominated as best newcomer.  Gower Champion then chose him to play Barnaby in "Hello Dolly" at The Theatre Royal Drury Lane.  He appeared in "Canterbury Tales" at the Phoenix Theatre as The Clerk of Oxford.  Harold Hobson, The Times critic said, "He was a breath of fresh air in the West-End".  He then went on to play leading roles in "No Sex Please, We're British", "Billy", "What's a Nice Country", "The Rivals", "Love, Lust, & Marriage", "Some Like it Hot", Disney's "Beauty and the Beast", and in the original cast of "Dirty Dancing.  Lately he has appeared as Grandpa George" and Grandpa Joe in Charlie and The Chocolate Factory at Drury Lane.  In 2016 he was Major Bouvier and Norman Vincent Peale in the smash hit Grey Gardens.  He followed this playing Arvide in Guys and Dolls at the Phoenix Theatre in the West End.He has had his own very successful television series in Ireland "It's Billy Boyle" as well as leading roles in "Trail of Guilt", the award-winning "The Grass Arena", "The Bretts", as well as many guest appearances in EastEnders, The Professionals, Coronation Street, Father Ted etc.  In the late 1970s, Boyle was cast as 'Ronald McDonald' in the European TV commercials and in all print media for the fast food chain McDonald's.  He was the last 'straight man' to Basil Brush on BBC1's "The Basil Brush Show" and later presented a programme, Dance Crazy for ITV, on the history of dance with Lesley Judd.  Lately he has been seen in Dirk Gently, for BBC Four and Lead Balloon.  His many films include Stanley Kubrick's "Barry Lyndon", "Groupie Girl", "Side by Side", "Shergar", "Wild Geese II", "The Scarlet and the Black", "Round Ireland with a Fridge" and A United Kingdom.
Paragraph 10: "Maggie May" (or "Maggie Mae") (Roud 1757) is a traditional Liverpool folk song about a prostitute who robbed a "homeward bounder": a sailor coming home from a round trip.
Question: Maggie May is a musical based on a folk song about a prostitute who robbed whom?
Answer:

Answer: sailor


Instruction: Answer the question based on the given paragraphs. Note that some paragraphs might be irrelevant.

Input:
Paragraph 1: Pratia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae, native to Asia, Australia and New Zealand.
Paragraph 2: Sutherlandia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae.
Question: Are Sutherlandia and Pratia in the same family?
Answer: no.

Paragraph 1: The UIC College of Pharmacy (UIC COP) is a public pharmacy school with two campuses located in Chicago and Rockford, Illinois.  It offers a four-year professional degree program that leads to the PharmD, the highest level of professional education in pharmacy, which is approved by the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education as the sole entry level degree for the profession.  Besides the professional degree, the College also offers programs leading to six master's degrees and four doctorate degrees, covering a spectrum of research areas within the pharmaceutical sciences.
Paragraph 2: Multi-level caches can be designed in various ways depending on whether the content of one cache is present in other level of caches.  If all blocks in the higher level cache are also present in the lower level cache, then the lower level cache is said to be inclusive of the higher level cache.  If the lower level cache contains blocks that are not present in the higher level cache, then the lower level cache is said to be exclusive of the higher level cache.  If the contents of the lower level cache are neither strictly inclusive nor exclusive of the higher level cache, then it is called non-inclusive non-exclusive (NINE) cache.
Paragraph 3: An associate degree (or associate's degree) is an undergraduate academic degree awarded by colleges and universities upon completion of a course of study intended to usually last two years.  It is considered to be greater level of education than a high school diploma or GED.
Paragraph 4: The University of Nursing, Yangon (Burmese: သူနာပြု တက္ကသိုလ် (ရန်ကုန်) ] ; formerly The Institute of Nursing, Yangon) is a nursing university, located in Lanmadaw Township, Yangon, Myanmar.  It is one of three universities in the country that offers a four-year bachelor's degree program in nursing (i.e. B.N.Sc (Generic)).  The UON - Yangon also offers a master's degree program in nursing and diploma programs in dental, EENT, mental health, pediatrics, critical care, and orthopedics.  Moreover, there is a two-year B.N.Sc (Bridge) program for in-service nurses who have earned a nursing diploma.
Paragraph 5: The Helene Fuld Health Trust is the largest charitable trust in the United States devoted exclusively to supporting student nurses and nursing education.  The trust — which began as a foundation in 1935, but transferred its assets to the trust in 1969 — has provided grants, scholarships, and financial aid for the education, health, and welfare of student nurses.
Paragraph 6: The University of Nursing, Mandalay (also the Institute of Nursing, Mandalay; Burmese: သူနာပြု တက္ကသိုလ် (မန္တလေး) , ] ) is a university of nursing, located in Mandalay, Myanmar.  It is one of three universities in the nation that offers a four-year bachelor's degree program in nursing.  The university also offers a master's degree program in nursing.
Paragraph 7: Nurse education consists of the theoretical and practical training provided to nurses with the purpose to prepare them for their duties as nursing care professionals.  This education is provided to nursing students by experienced nurses and other medical professionals who have qualified or experienced for educational tasks.  Most countries offer nurse education courses that can be relevant to general nursing or to specialized areas including mental health nursing, pediatric nursing and post-operatory nursing.  Courses leading to autonomous registration as a nurse typically last four years.  Nurse education also provides post-qualification courses in specialist subjects within nursing.
Paragraph 8: The Master of Science in Leadership (MSL) is a master's degree in leadership studies that is offered by a college of business.  It is an alternative to, not a substitute for, the traditional Master of Business Administration (MBA) degree.  The MSL degree requirements may include some business/management courses that are required in an MBA program.  However, this degree program concentrates heavily on leader-follower interactions, cross-cultural communications, coaching, influencing, team development, leading organizational changes, strategic thinking, project leadership, and behavioral motivation theories.  It does not concentrate on financial or quantitative analysis, marketing, or accounting which are common in MBA programs.  The degree program is appealing to businesspeople in well-established careers already.  The MSL degree is similar to the Master of Science in Organizational Leadership (MSOL) degree or the Master of Leadership Sciences degree offered by the National School of Leadership in India.
Paragraph 9: The Helene Fuld College of Nursing is an American private, nonsectarian institution of higher learning that offers associate and comprehensive baccalaureate science degrees as continuing education to Licensed Practical and Registered Nurses who aspire to elevate their academic and professional credentials.  The college is located in New York City in the East Harlem section of Manhattan in the Mount Morris Park Historic District at Marcus Garvey Park.  It was founded years ago – in 1945.
Paragraph 10: The Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN, BScN) also known in some countries as a Bachelor of Nursing (BN) or Bachelor of Science (BS) with a Major in Nursing is an academic degree in the science and principles of nursing, granted by an accredited tertiary education provider.  The course of study is typically three or four years.  The difference in degree designation may relate to the amount of basic science courses required as part of the degree, with BScN and BSN degree curriculums requiring completion of more courses on math and natural sciences that are more typical of BSc degrees (e.g. calculus, physics, chemistry, biology) and BN curriculums more focused on nursing theory, nursing process, and teaching versions of general science topics that are adapted to be more specific and relevant to nursing practice.  Nursing school students are generally required to take courses in social and behavioral sciences and liberal arts, including nutrition, anatomy, chemistry, mathematics, and English.  In addition to those courses, experience in physical and social sciences, communication, leadership, and critical thinking is required for a bachelor's degree.  BSN programs typically last 3-4 years.  With a BSN you can work in private medical and surgical hospital, a physician's office, public medical and surgical hospitals, home health care services, and nursing facilities.  Having a BSN can result in more opportunities and better salary than just an associate degree.
Question: How long does the lower level degree program, offered at Helene Fuld College of Nursing, typically last?
Answer:

Answer: two years


Instruction: Answer the question based on the given paragraphs. Note that some paragraphs might be irrelevant.

Input:
Paragraph 1: Pratia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae, native to Asia, Australia and New Zealand.
Paragraph 2: Sutherlandia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae.
Question: Are Sutherlandia and Pratia in the same family?
Answer: no.

Paragraph 1: Abdul Qadir Khan (Urdu:  , born 15 September 1955 in Lahore) is a former Pakistani international cricketer whose main role was as a leg spin bowler.  Later he was a commentator and Chief Selector of the Pakistan Cricket Board, from which post he resigned because of differences with the top brass of Pakistan cricket.  Qadir appeared in 67 Test and 104 One Day International (ODI) matches between 1977 and 1993, and captained the Pakistan cricket team in five ODIs.  In Test cricket, his best performance for a series was 30 wickets for 437 runs, against England in 1987.  His best bowling figures for an innings were nine wickets for 56 against the same team at the Gaddafi Stadium.  In ODIs, his best bowling figures were five wickets for 44 runs against Sri Lanka during the 1983 Cricket World Cup.  He was a member of the Pakistani team in the 1983 and 1987 Cricket World Cups. Yahoo! Cricket described Qadir as "a master of the leg-spin" who "mastered the googlies, the flippers, the leg-breaks and the topspins."  He is widely regarded as a top spin bowler of his generation and was included in Richie Benaud's Greatest XI shortlist of an imaginary cricket team from the best players available from all countries and eras.  Former English captain Graham Gooch said that "Qadir was even finer than Shane Warne".
Paragraph 2: Bhamashah Stadium is cricket ground in Meerut, Uttar Pradesh.  It has hosted five matches for Uttar Pradesh cricket team till November 2013 since making its debut in 2003 when Uttar Pradesh cricket team played against Punjab cricket team as match ended in a draw.  Manish Pandey scored 194 in a match between Karnataka cricket team and home team Uttar Pradesh cricket team.  The stadium is home of Indian fast-bowler Praveen Kumar and Bhuvneshwar Kumar. It is domestic cricket stadium and large stadium.
Paragraph 3: Northern Railway Stadium is a multi purpose stadium in Bikaner, Rajasthan.  The ground is mainly used for organizing matches of football, cricket and other sports.  The stadium has hosted five first-class matches in 1976 when Rajasthan cricket team played against Vidarbha cricket team.  The ground hosted four more first-class matches from 1978 to 1995.  The stadium also hosted two List A matches when Willis XI played against Madhya Pradesh cricket team and against Central Zone cricket team played against West Zone cricket team but since then the stadium has hosted non-first-class matches.
Paragraph 4: Dileepa Wickramasinghe is a former Sri Lankan cricketer and a cricket administrator.  He was a top-order batsman who represented Sri Lanka, Sri Lanka A and Tamil Union Cricket and Athletic Club in First class and List A cricket.  After the retirement from cricket he served as the manager of the Sri Lanka A cricket team and as a selector of the Sri Lanka national cricket team.  Born in Hackney, London, he was educated at Mahinda College, Galle, where he started his cricket career.  He captained the college cricket team in 1984 and represented Sri Lanka Under-19 cricket team in the same year.  His younger brother Duminda Wickramasinghe was also a first class cricketer in Sri Lanka.
Paragraph 5: Tillakaratne Mudiyanselage Dilshan, (Sinhalese: තිලකරත්න ඩිල්ෂාන් ; born 14 October 1976, as Tuwan Mohammad Dilshan), popularly known as Tillakaratne Dilshan, is a former Sri Lankan cricketer and a former captain of the Sri Lanka national cricket team.  The best rated Sri Lankan player in run-chases in ODI history, he is often regarded as one of the most innovative batsmen of all time.  Dilshan is one such rare cricketer who can bat, bowl, field and keep wickets.  He is an aggressive right-hand batsman who invented the scoop, which has come to be known as the dilscoop, that hits the ball over the keeper.  An opening batsman, he is also a capable off-break bowler.  A livewire in the field, he usually fields at the point region.
Paragraph 6: Sinhawalokanaya (සිංහාවලෝකනය - Lion's Pride) is a 2011 Sinhala history, sport film written and directed by Suneth Malinga Lokuhewa.  The film features Delon Jayasinghe and Raini Charuka Goonatillake in the leading roles while Menaka Rajapakse, Sanath Gunathilake, Kumara Thirimadura, Mihira Sirithilaka, Kanchana Mendis, Pubudu Chathuranga and Cletus Mendis also play key supporting roles.  The Sri Lanka cricket star, Tillakaratne Dilshan also played a supporting role.  Produced by EAP circuit cinemas, the film had music scored by Rookantha Gunathilake and Ravihans Wetakepotha.  It released in January 2011 and was a very big commercial hit in Sri Lankan Film History in that year.  But it received negative reviews from Critics.  This is the 1150th film in Sri Lanka cinema.
Paragraph 7: Dandeniya Hemachandra De Silva (5 November 1932 - 25 April 2014) was a Sri Lankan cricket player.  Commonly known as D.H. de Silva, he was educated at Mahinda College, Galle and at the University of Peradeniya.  He captained both his school cricket team and the university cricket team, before representing Nomads Sports Club and Sinhalese Sports Club in Sri Lankan first class cricket.  He was a founding member of the Nomads Sports club and is a former captain of the Nomads cricket team.
Paragraph 8: Inzamam-ul-Haq (   ;Punjabi, Urdu:  ; born 3 March 1970), also known as "Inzy", is a former Pakistani cricketer, and former captain.  The leading run scorer for Pakistan in one-day internationals, and the third-highest run scorer for Pakistan in Test cricket, after Younis Khan and Javed Miandad, Inzamam is considered one of all time legends of world cricket.  He was the captain of the Pakistan national cricket team from 2003–07 and is considered to be one of the best leaders in Pakistan Cricket history.  Inzamam currently serves as the chief selector of Pakistan cricket team.
Paragraph 9: Tamil Nadu Agricultural Research Institute Ground is a multi purpose stadium in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu.  The ground is mainly used for organizing matches of football, cricket and other sports.  The stadium has hosted three Ranji Trophy match in 1965 when Madras cricket team played against Andhra cricket team.  The ground hosted two more Ranji Trophy matches in 1976 when Tamil Nadu cricket team played against Andhra cricket team and again in 1990 when Tamil Nadu cricket team played against Karnataka cricket team but since then the stadium has hosted non-first-class matches.
Paragraph 10: Rashid Latif (born 14 October 1968), is a former Pakistani cricketer and former captain, who played Pakistani cricket team in Test cricket and One Day International matches, between 1992 and 2003 as a wicket keeper right-handed batsman.  He also served as the captain of the Pakistan cricket team in 2003.
Question: An cricket star who played a supporting role in the film Sinhawalokanaya was a former captain of which cricket team?
Answer:

Answer: Sri Lanka national cricket team


Instruction: Answer the question based on the given paragraphs. Note that some paragraphs might be irrelevant.

Input:
Paragraph 1: Pratia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae, native to Asia, Australia and New Zealand.
Paragraph 2: Sutherlandia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae.
Question: Are Sutherlandia and Pratia in the same family?
Answer: no.

Paragraph 1: "No Strings (I'm Fancy Free)" is a popular song written by Irving Berlin for the 1935 film "Top Hat", where it was introduced by Fred Astaire.
Paragraph 2: On the Town is a 1949 Technicolor musical film with music by Leonard Bernstein and Roger Edens and book and lyrics by Betty Comden and Adolph Green.  It is an adaptation of the Broadway stage musical of the same name produced in 1944 (which itself is an adaptation of the Jerome Robbins ballet entitled "Fancy Free" which was also produced in 1944), although many changes in script and score were made from the original stage version; for instance, most of Bernstein's music was dropped in favor of new songs by Edens, who disliked the majority of the Bernstein score for being too complex and too operatic.  This caused Bernstein to boycott the film.
Paragraph 3: Fun and Fancy Free is a 1947 American live-action animated musical fantasy comedy package film produced by Walt Disney and released on September 27, 1947 by RKO Radio Pictures.  It is the 9th Disney animated feature film and the fourth of the package films the studio produced in the 1940s in order to save money during World War II.  The Disney package films of the late 1940s helped finance "Cinderella", and subsequent others, such as "Alice in Wonderland" and "Peter Pan".
Paragraph 4: African Cats is a 2011 nature documentary film directed by Keith Scholey and Alastair Fothergill about a pride of lions and a family of cheetahs trying to survive on the African savannah.  The film was released theatrically by Disneynature on Earth Day, April 22, 2011.  The film is narrated by Samuel L. Jackson (Patrick Stewart in the UK release).  A portion of the proceeds for the film were donated to the African Wildlife Foundation and their effort to preserve Kenya's Amboseli Wildlife Corridor.  The film's initiative with the African Wildlife Foundation is named "See African Cats, Save the Savanna," and as of May 2, 2011, ticket sales translated into 50,000 acres of land saved in Kenya.
Paragraph 5: Melody Time (working title All in Fun) is a 1948 American live-action animated film and the 10th theatrically released animated feature produced by Walt Disney.  It was released to theatres by RKO Radio Pictures on May 27, 1948.  Made up of several sequences set to popular music and folk music, the film is, like "Make Mine Music" before it, the popular music version of "Fantasia" (an ambitious film that proved to be a commercial disappointment upon its original theatrical release).  "Melody Time", while not meeting the artistic accomplishments of "Fantasia", was mildly successful.  It is the fifth Disney package film following "Saludos Amigos", "The Three Caballeros", "Make Mine Music", and "Fun and Fancy Free".
Paragraph 6: Clifton Avon Edwards (June 14, 1895 – July 17, 1971) — known as "Ukulele Ike" — was an American singer, actor and voice actor who enjoyed considerable popularity in the 1920s and early 1930s, specializing in jazzy renditions of pop standards and novelty tunes.  He had a number-one hit with "Singin' In The Rain" in 1929.  He also did voices for animated cartoons later in his career, and is best known as the voice of Jiminy Cricket in Walt Disney's "Pinocchio" (1940) and Fun and Fancy Free (1947).
Paragraph 7: "(I'm Settin') Fancy Free" (sometimes known as "I'm Setting Fancy Free" or simply "Fancy Free") is the title song written by Roy August and Jimbeau Hinson, and recorded by American country music group The Oak Ridge Boys.  It was released in August 1981 as the second single from the album "Fancy Free".  The song reached No. 1 on the "Billboard" Hot Country Singles chart in November 1981, during The Oak Ridge Boys' peak of popularity, and it is considered one of their signature songs.
Paragraph 8: Fancy Free is a ballet by Jerome Robbins, subsequently ballet master of New York City Ballet, made on Ballet Theatre, predecessor of American Ballet Theatre, to a score by Leonard Bernstein, with scenery by Oliver Smith, costumes by Kermit Love and lighting by Ronald Bates.  The premiere took place on Tuesday, 18 April 1944 at the old Metropolitan Opera House, New York.  The NYCB premiere took place Thursday, 31 January 1980.  "Fancy Free" was the inspiration for a successful musical, "On the Town", and a portion of the score was also used in the opening scenes of Alfred Hitchcock's "Rear Window".
Paragraph 9: Vance DeBar "Pinto" Colvig (September 11, 1892 – October 3, 1967) was an American vaudeville actor, voice actor, radio actor, newspaper cartoonist, and circus performer, whose schtick was playing the clarinet off-key while mugging.  Colvig was the original Bozo The Clown, and the original voice of the Disney character Goofy.  In 1993, he was posthumously made a Disney Legend for his contributions to Walt Disney films, including "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs" and "Fun and Fancy Free".
Paragraph 10: The Governing Council of the Cat Fancy (GCCF) is a cat registry, established in 1910 and the largest organisation that registers pedigree cats in the United Kingdom.  It was formed from a small number of cat clubs which were registering cats at the time when the modern cat fancy was in its first stages.  It is considered to be the original prototype for cat fancy registries.  It is an independent body with around 150 member clubs, including specialist breed clubs and area clubs covering particular regions.  The GCCF became an incorporated company on 5 November 2010.  It licenses cat shows put on by its affiliated clubs with about 135 shows per year.  Pedigree cats shown at these shows can gain the titles Champion, Grand Champion, Imperial Grand Champion and Olympian.  The latter having three levels, Bronze, Silver and Gold.  The word Champion is replaced by Premier for neutered cats.  The showing of non-pedigree cats (often referred to as Domestic shorthair and Domestic longhair) and Pedigree Pets is also popular at GCCF shows.
Question: which film came out first, African Cats or Fun and Fancy Free ?
Answer:

Answer: Fun and Fancy Free


Instruction: Answer the question based on the given paragraphs. Note that some paragraphs might be irrelevant.

Input:
Paragraph 1: Pratia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae, native to Asia, Australia and New Zealand.
Paragraph 2: Sutherlandia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae.
Question: Are Sutherlandia and Pratia in the same family?
Answer: no.

Paragraph 1: Letters to Cleo are an alternative rock band from Boston, Massachusetts, best known for the 1994 single, "Here & Now", from their full-length debut album, "Aurora Gory Alice".  The band's members are Kay Hanley, Greg McKenna, Michael Eisenstein, Stacy Jones, Scott Riebling, and later, Tom Polce.
Paragraph 2: Truly is an American rock band formed in the wake of the grunge era.  It featured singer-guitarist Robert Roth, bassist Hiro Yamamoto, and drummer Mark Pickerel.  Yamamoto and Pickerel were founding members respectively of Soundgarden and Screaming Trees.  While not a commercially successful group like some of their Seattle contemporaries, the band lasted a decade with two studio albums to their name.
Paragraph 3: Change Has Come was the only recording the Screaming Trees released through Sub Pop.  Released in 1990 the Screaming Trees then moved on to a major label, Epic Records, for their next three albums - "Uncle Anesthesia", "Sweet Oblivion," and "Dust", as well as the "Something About Today" EP.
Paragraph 4: Jamboree is the second album by Beat Happening, released in 1988 through K Records/Rough Trade Records.  All songs were produced by Steve Fisk with assistance from Screaming Trees members Mark Lanegan and Gary Lee Conner (who plays a brief guitar solo on "Midnight a Go-Go"), except "Cat Walk," produced by Patrick Maley, and "The This Many Boyfriends Club," recorded live by Rich Jensen.  The album marks a darker approach to the Twee pop for which the band is known, due largely to a thicker production than is present on the group's earlier recordings and the dominance of tracks written by Calvin Johnson, while Heather Lewis only provides vocals on two songs, the uncharacteristically brash "In Between" and the more typically understated "Ask Me."  At the time of the album's release, Calvin described Jamboree's sound as "dark and sexy."  Still, the band retained their emphasis on exuberance over musicianship, as Bret Lunsford stated in an interview that, while recording album opener "Bewitched," his guitar string got stuck on a protruding screw and he continued to play through the song, hitting the string a bit harder until it became unstuck.
Paragraph 5: Gary Lee Conner (born Lee Gary Conner on August 22, 1962 in Fort Irwin, California, USA) was the lead guitarist for rock act Screaming Trees, along with his brother Van Conner, who was the band's bassist.  Conner began his career with Screaming Trees in 1985 which lasted until their disbanding in 2000.  During that time he released two non-Tree albums: The Purple Outside-Mystery Lane (1990 New Alliance Records) with brother Patrick Conner on Drums and the single Grasshopper's Daydream/Behind The Smile (1999 sub pop) this album also featured Josh Homme from Queens of the Stone Age.  Appearances on other artists material include, Beat Happening "Indian Summer" and "Midnight a Go-Go" from "Jamboree" as well as "Against the 70s" by Mike Watt from "Ball-Hog or Tugboat? " (1995 Columbia Records).  After ten years of seclusion he finally released a new album in 2010 from his band Microdot Gnome.  The album "4D Sugarcubes" was released on Moonbus International Recordings in April 2010 as was available on CD and MP3.  At the moment he is planning future releases from Microdot Gnome.  In August 2016, Conner released a long-awaited solo album, Ether Trippers, on Strange Earth Records.
Paragraph 6: Mad Season was an American rock supergroup formed in Seattle, Washington in 1994 by members of three popular Seattle-based bands: Alice in Chains, Pearl Jam and Screaming Trees.  Mad Season released only one album, "Above", and is best known for the single "River of Deceit".  The band went on a semi-permanent hiatus in 1996 due to the band members' conflicting schedules and vocalist Layne Staley's problems with substance abuse.  Attempts were made in the late 1990s to revive the group without Staley; however, the band dissolved following the death of bassist John Baker Saunders in 1999.  Staley died three years later of a drug overdose.
Paragraph 7: Beat Happening/Screaming Trees is an EP and a one-off collaboration between Beat Happening (from Olympia, Washington) and Screaming Trees (from Ellensburg, Washington).  Originally released on Homestead Records in 1988, it was later reissued as part of Beat Happening's box set "Crashing Through" in 2002.  The journal of Kurt Cobain contains a draft of a letter sent to Mark Lanegan, in which he described "Polly Pereguin" as his favorite pop song of the 1980s.
Paragraph 8: Screaming Trees was an American rock band formed in Ellensburg, Washington in 1985 by vocalist Mark Lanegan, guitarist Gary Lee Conner, bass player Van Conner and drummer Mark Pickerel.  Pickerel had been replaced by Barrett Martin by the time the band reached its most successful period.  Although widely associated with grunge, the band's sound incorporated hard rock and psychedelic elements.  During Screaming Trees' existence the band released seven studio albums, five EPs, and three compilations.
Paragraph 9: The discography of Screaming Trees, an Ellensburg, Washington-based rock band, consists of seven studio albums, three compilation albums, five extended plays (EP), and six singles, though this does not include any solo material recorded by the individual members of Screaming Trees.
Paragraph 10: Van Conner (born March 17, 1967 in Apple Valley, California) is an American rock musician.  In 1984 he co-founded the band Screaming Trees with his brother Gary Lee Conner and close friends Mark Lanegan and Mark Pickerel.  On the 25 June 2000 Screaming Trees announced their official breakup.  Conner would start a low key band under the name Gardener which released its only album in the 1990s under the name "New Dawning Time".  Conner has also had brief appearances as a session musician with other known bands such as Queens of the Stone Age and helping Mark Lanegan on his solo album I'll Take Care of You.
Question: Which band, Letters to Cleo or Screaming Trees, had more members?
Answer:

Answer: Letters to Cleo


Instruction: Answer the question based on the given paragraphs. Note that some paragraphs might be irrelevant.

Input:
Paragraph 1: Pratia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae, native to Asia, Australia and New Zealand.
Paragraph 2: Sutherlandia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae.
Question: Are Sutherlandia and Pratia in the same family?
Answer: no.

Paragraph 1: Originally, the state of New Jersey was a single British colony, the Province of New Jersey.  After the English Civil War, Charles II assigned New Jersey as a proprietary colony to be held jointly by Sir George Carteret and John Berkeley, 1st Baron Berkeley of Stratton.  Eventually, the collection of land fees, or quit-rents, from colonists proved inadequate for colonial profitability.  Sir George Carteret sold his share of the colony to the Quakers in 1673.  Following the sale, the land was divided into East and West Jersey.  In 1681, West Jersey adopted a constitution.  In 1683, East Jersey adopted one as well.  In 1702, the colonies were united again under Anne, Queen of Great Britain, and adopted a constitution in 1776.
Paragraph 2: The Province of Pennsylvania, also known as the Pennsylvania Colony, was founded in English North America by William Penn on March 4, 1681 as dictated in a royal charter granted by King Charles II.  The name Pennsylvania, which translates roughly as "Penn's Woods", was created by combining the Penn surname (in honor of William's father, Admiral Sir William Penn) with the Latin word "sylvania", meaning "forest land."  The Province of Pennsylvania was one of the two major Restoration colonies, the other being the Province of Carolina.  The proprietary colony's charter remained in the hands of the Penn family until the American Revolution, when the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania was created and became one of the original thirteen states.
Paragraph 3: The Province of New York (1664–1776) was a British proprietary colony and later royal colony on the northeast coast of North America.  As one of the Thirteen Colonies, New York achieved independence and worked with the others to found the United States.
Paragraph 4: Charter colony is one of three classes of colonial government established in the 17th century English colonies in North America, the other classes being proprietary colony and royal colony.  The colonies of Rhode Island, Connecticut, and Massachusetts Bay were charter colonies.  In a charter colony, Britain granted a charter to the colonial government establishing the rules under which the colony was to be governed.  The charters of Rhode Island and Connecticut granted the colonists significantly more political liberty than other colonies.  Rhode Island and Connecticut continued to use their colonial charters as their State constitutions after the American Revolution.
Paragraph 5: Canada first came under British rule with the Treaty of Paris (1763) which ceded New France, of which Canada was a part, to the British Empire.  Gradually, other territories, colonies, and provinces that were part of British North America would be added to Canada.  The Royal Proclamation of 1763 enlarged the colony of Canada under the name of the Province of Quebec, which with the Constitutional Act 1791 became known as The Canadas.  With the Act of Union 1840 Upper and Lower Canada were joined to become the United Province of Canada.  Later, with Confederation in 1867, the British maritime colonies of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia were joined with the British colony of Canada to form the Dominion of Canada, which was subsequently divided into four provinces, Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia.  A number of other British colonies, such as Newfoundland and British Columbia, and large territories such as Rupert's Land initially remained outside of the newly formed federation.  Over time, the remaining colonies and territories within British North America came under the control of Canada until the current geographic extent of the country was reached when Newfoundland and Labrador joined Canada in 1949.  Although confederation in 1867 led to an enlarged Dominion with increased autonomy over domestic affairs, Canada still remained a colony within the British Empire and was thus subordinate to the British Parliament until the enactment of the Statute of Westminster in 1931.  This statute recognized Canada as an independent peer coequal with the United Kingdom, and thus provided the Parliament of Canada with legislative sovereignty over all federal matters except the power to change the constitutional laws of Canada which remained under the purview of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.  Canada's final vestige of legal dependence on the United Kingdom was terminated in 1982 with the enactment of the Canada Act, subsequently providing Canada with full legal sovereignty completely independent of the United Kingdom.
Paragraph 6: The Stamp Act Congress or First Congress of the American Colonies was a meeting held between October 7 and 25, 1765 in New York City, consisting of representatives from some of the British colonies in North America; it was the first gathering of elected representatives from several of the American colonies to devise a unified protest against new British taxation.  Parliament had passed the Stamp Act, which required the use of specially stamped paper for legal documents, playing cards, calendars, newspapers and dice for virtually all business in the colonies, and was going into effect on November 1.
Paragraph 7: The Province of New Jersey was one of the Middle Colonies of Colonial America and became the U.S. state of New Jersey in 1776.  The province had originally been settled by Europeans as part of New Netherland, but came under English rule after the surrender of Fort Amsterdam in 1664, becoming a proprietary colony.  The English then renamed the province after the Isle of Jersey in the English Channel.  The Dutch Republic reasserted control for a brief period in 1673–1674.  After that it consisted of two political divisions, East Jersey and West Jersey, until they were united as a royal colony in 1702.  The original boundaries of the province were slightly larger than the current state, extending into a part of the present state of New York, until the border was finalized in 1773.
Paragraph 8: The New York – New Jersey Line War (also known as the N.J. Line War) refers to a series of skirmishes and raids that took place for over half a century between 1701 and 1765 at the disputed border between two American colonies, the Province of New York and the Province of New Jersey.
Paragraph 9: A proprietary colony was a type of British colony mostly in North America and the Caribbean in the 17th century.  In the British Empire, all land belonged to the ruler, and it was his prerogative to divide.  Therefore, all colonial properties were partitioned by royal charter into one of four types: proprietary, royal, joint stock, or covenant.  King Charles II used the proprietary solution to reward allies and focus his own attention on Britain itself.  He offered his friends colonial charters which facilitated private investment and colonial self-government.  The charters made the proprietor the effective ruler, albeit one ultimately responsible to English law and the king.  Charles II gave New Netherland to his younger brother The Duke of York, who named it New York.  He gave an area to William Penn who named it Pennsylvania.
Paragraph 10: The Stamp Act of 1765 (short title "Duties in American Colonies Act 1765"; 5 George III, c. 12) was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain that imposed a direct tax on the colonies of British America and required that many printed materials in the colonies be produced on stamped paper produced in London, carrying an embossed revenue stamp.  Printed materials included legal documents, magazines, playing cards, newspapers, and many other types of paper used throughout the colonies.  Like previous taxes, the stamp tax had to be paid in valid British currency, not in colonial paper money.  The purpose of the tax was to help pay for troops stationed in North America after the British victory in the Seven Years' War and its North American theater of the French and Indian War.  The Americans said that there was no military need for the soldiers because there were no foreign enemies on the continent, and the Americans had always protected themselves against Indians.  They suggested that it was actually a matter of British patronage to surplus British officers and career soldiers who should be paid by London.
Question: Out of two American colonies that had a series of skirmishes and raids between 1701 and 1765 at the disputed border, which British proprietary colony became a royal colony on the northeast coast of North America?
Answer:

Answer: Province of New York


Instruction: Answer the question based on the given paragraphs. Note that some paragraphs might be irrelevant.

Input:
Paragraph 1: Pratia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae, native to Asia, Australia and New Zealand.
Paragraph 2: Sutherlandia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae.
Question: Are Sutherlandia and Pratia in the same family?
Answer: no.

Paragraph 1: "Cinizasaurus" is an informal name for fossilized remains from the Late Triassic of New Mexico that were initially interpreted as belonging to a theropod dinosaur.  The remains, NMMNH P-18400, consist of a tibia, vertebrae, and fragments, and came from the ? late Carnian-age Upper Triassic Bluewater Creek Member of the Chinle Formation, near Fort Wingate.  Andrew Heckert, in his unpublished thesis, proposed the name "Cinizasaurus hunti" for the specimen, but the name was never adopted, and was first referred to in the scientific literature in a 2007 redescription of Late Triassic North American material thought to belong to dinosaurs (Nesbitt, Irmis, and Parker, 2007).  In the redescription, the authors could only assign the material to Archosauriformes.
Paragraph 2: Sphaerotholus is a genus of pachycephalosaurid dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of the western United States and Canada.  To date, three species have been described: the type species, "S. goodwini", from the Den-na-zin Member of the Kirtland Formation (Late Campanian) of San Juan County, New Mexico, USA; "S. buchholtzae", from the Hell Creek Formation (Late Maastrichtian) of western Carter County, Montana, USA; and "S. edmontonense", from the Horseshoe Canyon Formation of Alberta, Canada.  The etymology of "Sphaerotholus" is a combination of the Greek "sphaira", meaning "ball", and "tholos", meaning "dome", and is a reference to the characteristically dome-shaped pachycephalosaurian skull.  The survival of "Sphaerotholus" from the Campanian of New Mexico to the end of the Maastrichtian of Montana demonstrates that this taxon had both a relatively long duration (approximately 7-8 million years) and a widespread distribution.  Williamson and Carr, who first described the genus in 2002, diagnose it as follows: "Differs from all other pachycephalosaurids where known in the possession of a parietosquamosal bar that decreases in depth laterally as seen in caudal view and is bordered by a single row of nodes and one lateroventral corner node."  "Sphaerotholus" is considered a highly derived pachycephalosaur.
Paragraph 3: Oryctodromeus (meaning "digging runner") was a genus of small ornithopod dinosaur.  Fossils are known from the middle Cretaceous Blackleaf Formation of southwestern Montana and the Wayan Formation of southeastern Idaho, USA, both of the Cenomanian stage, roughly 95 million years ago.  A member of the small, presumably fast-running herbivorous family Thescelosauridae, "Oryctodromeus" is the first dinosaur published that shows evidence of burrowing behavior.
Paragraph 4: "Cryptoraptor" (meaning "secret thief") is an informal name for fossilized remains from the Late Triassic of New Mexico that were initially interpreted as belonging to a dinosaur.  The remains, NMMNH P-17375, consist of a fragmentary skeleton including vertebrae, a pubis, and parts of the thigh bones.  This specimen came from the Norian-age Upper Triassic Bull Canyon Formation in Quay County.  Adrian Hunt, in his unpublished dissertation, proposed the name "Cryptoraptor lockleyi" for the specimen, but the name was never adopted, and was first referred to in the scientific literature in a 2007 redescription of Late Triassic North American material thought to belong to dinosaurs (Nesbitt, Irmis, and Parker, 2007).  In the redescription, the authors could only assign the material to Archosauria.
Paragraph 5: "Comanchesaurus" is an informal name for fossilized remains from the Late Triassic of New Mexico that were initially interpreted as belonging to a theropod dinosaur.  The remains, NMMNH P-4569, consist of a partial skeleton including vertebral centra and hindlimb bones, and came from the Norian-age Upper Triassic Bull Canyon Formation of Guadalupe County.  Adrian Hunt, in his unpublished dissertation, proposed the name "Comanchesaurus kuesi" for the specimen, but the name was never adopted, and was first referred to in the scientific literature in a 2007 redescription of Late Triassic North American material thought to belong to dinosaurs (Nesbitt, Irmis, and Parker, 2007).  In the redescription, the authors found the material to belong to a "possible indeterminate saurischian".
Paragraph 6: McFarland, USA (also known as McFarland) is a 2015 American sports drama film directed by Niki Caro, produced by Mark Ciardi and Gordon Gray, written by Christopher Cleveland, Bettina Gilois and Grant Thompson with music composed by Antônio Pinto.  The film was co-produced by Walt Disney Pictures and Mayhem Pictures.  Based on the true story of a 1987 cross country team from a mainly Latino high school in McFarland, California, the film stars Kevin Costner as Jim White, the school's coach, who leads the team to win a state championship.  The film also stars Maria Bello and Morgan Saylor.
Paragraph 7: Mark Thomas Ciardi (born August 19, 1961; pronounced CHAR-dee) is an American film producer and former Major League Baseball pitcher.  He is currently the Founder & CEO of Apex Entertainment.  Mark has a rich breadth of experience as a Film Executive, and Producer.  Apex Entertainment is an independent content production firm that also serves as a financier for media properties.  Prior to Apex, Mark was the co-founder of Mayhem Pictures that had an overall first look deal with Walt Disney Studios for twelve years.  At Mayhem, Ciardi produced films including "The Rookie", "Miracle", Invincible, The Game Plan, Secretariat, and Million Dollar Arm and Kevin Costner's McFarland USA.  Awaiting release is the worldwide best-selling novel, Fallen.  He also produced the Emmy Award winning, ESPN 30 for 30 documentary titled "Big Shot".
Paragraph 8: Dinosaur is a 2000 American CGI animated adventure film produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and The Secret Lab and released by Walt Disney Pictures.  It is the 39th Disney animated feature film and Disney's The Secret Lab computer animated feature, though it is not officially labeled as one of the animated classics in the United Kingdom, where "The Wild" (2006) is included in the canon instead.
Paragraph 9: Fruitadens is a genus of heterodontosaurid dinosaur.  The name means "Fruita tooth", in reference to Fruita, Colorado (USA), where its fossils were first found.  It is known from partial skulls and skeletons from at least four individuals of differing biological ages, found in Tithonian (Late Jurassic) rocks of the Morrison Formation in Colorado.  "Fruitadens" is the smallest known ornithischian dinosaur, with young adults estimated at 65 to in length and 0.5 to in weight.  It is interpreted as an omnivore and represents one of the latest-surviving heterodontosaurids.
Paragraph 10: Dakotadon is a genus of iguanodont dinosaur from the Barremian-age Lower Cretaceous Lakota Formation of South Dakota, USA, known from a partial skull.  It was first described in 1989 as "Iguanodon lakotaensis", by David B. Weishampel and Philip R. Bjork.  Its assignment has been controversial.  Some researchers suggest that ""I." lakotaensis" was more basal than "I. bernissartensis", and related to "Theiophytalia", but David Norman has suggested that it was a synonym of "I. bernissartensis".  Gregory S. Paul, working on a revision of iguanodont species, gave "I." "lakotaensis" its own genus ("Dakotadon") in 2008.
Question: Which came out first, Dinosaur or McFarland, USA
Answer:

Answer: Dinosaur


Instruction: Answer the question based on the given paragraphs. Note that some paragraphs might be irrelevant.

Input:
Paragraph 1: Pratia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae, native to Asia, Australia and New Zealand.
Paragraph 2: Sutherlandia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae.
Question: Are Sutherlandia and Pratia in the same family?
Answer: no.

Paragraph 1: John Patrick McCarthy CBE (born 27 November 1956) is a British journalist, writer and broadcaster, and one of the hostages in the Lebanon hostage crisis.  McCarthy was the United Kingdom's longest-held hostage in Lebanon, where he was a prisoner for more than five years.
Paragraph 2: Alex Sánchez (born 1957) is a Mexican-American author of award-winning novels for teens and adults.  His first novel, "Rainbow Boys" (2001), was selected by the American Library Association (ALA), as a Best Book for Young Adults.  Subsequent books have won additional awards, including the Lambda Literary Award.  Although Sanchez's novels are widely accepted in thousands of school and public libraries in America, they have faced a handful of challenges and efforts to ban them.  In Webster, New York, removal of "Rainbow Boys" from the 2006 summer reading list was met by a counter-protest from students, parents, librarians, and community members resulting in the book being placed on the 2007 summer reading list.
Paragraph 3: Kenneth Lee "Kenny" Ascher (born October 26, 1944 in Washington, D.C.) is an American jazz pianist, composer, and arranger who is active in jazz, rock, classical, and musical theater genres — in live venues, recording studios, and cinema production.  He is widely known for co-writing, with Paul Williams, "Rainbow Connection" from "The Muppet Movie".  Both Williams and Ascher received Oscar nominations for the 1979 Academy Awards for Best Original Song ("Rainbow Connection") and Best Original Score ("The Muppet Movie" Soundtrack).  The song was also nominated for the Golden Globes for "Best Original Song" that same year.
Paragraph 4: Some Other Rainbow is a joint memoir written by John McCarthy and Jill Morrell and first published by Bantam Press in 1993.  It deals in separate chapters with the individual and parallel experiences of McCarthy and Morrell, during McCarthy's captivity in the Lebanon, which lasted from 17 April 1986 until 8 August 1991.
Paragraph 5: Jennifer Kristine Gillis (born 26 April 1996) is a Canadian singer, dancer and actress with an extensive resume in musical theatre, television, singing, radio, recording, and animated voice-over work.  Gillis is most noted for performing in Sir Andrew Lloyd Webber's CBC TV reality show "Over the Rainbow"-a competition to be cast as the leading role of Dorothy Gale in Lloyd Webber's forthcoming production of "The Wizard of Oz" in Toronto, Ontario.  Being the youngest aspiring singer in the competition, she singularly represented her province of British Columbia and as a result was named the Top 6th musical theatre performer in all of Canada.  Since "Over the Rainbow", Gillis sang the Canadian national anthem "O Canada" for the Prime Minister of Canada, Stephen Harper on Parliament Hill in Ottawa, Ontario on Canada Day in 2013.  She aspires to become a Broadway actress someday and wants to dedicate her life to performing.
Paragraph 6: Alberto Ruz Buenfil (born 1945) is a native of Mexico whose work is dedicated to social change, environmental sustainability, and the performing arts.  He co-founded two international theater groups as well as Mexico's first ecovillage, known as Huehuecoyotl.  He led the 13-year Rainbow Peace Caravan, an international effort to promote sustainable design and permaculture, as well as theatrical performances, across seventeen countries of Latin America.  He was also funded by Ashoka from 2002 to 2005, and received in the name of the Rainbow Peace Caravan, the prize "Escuela Viva" from the Brazilian President Lula da Silva and Minister of Culture Gilberto Gil, as one of the 60 most advanced projects in education in the country.
Paragraph 7: David Robie (born 1945) is a New Zealand author, journalist and media educator who has covered the Asia-Pacific region for international media for more than two decades.  He became an associate professor in Auckland University of Technology School of Communication Studies in 2005 and a professor in 2011.  In 1985, Dr Robie sailed on board the Greenpeace eco-navy flagship "Rainbow Warrior" for 10 weeks until it was bombed by French secret agents in New Zealand’s Auckland harbour.  He is the author of a book about the ill-fated voyage, "Eyes of Fire: The Last Voyage of the Rainbow Warrior" (Lindon Books, 1986).  An updated memorial edition of "Eyes of Fire" was published in July 2005 and a 30th anniversary edition in July 2015 (Little Island Press).
Paragraph 8: José Argüelles, born Joseph Anthony Arguelles ( ; January 24, 1939 – March 23, 2011), was an American New Age author and artist.  He was the founder of Planet Art Network and the Foundation for the Law of Time.  He held a Ph.D. in Art History and Aesthetics from the University of Chicago and taught at numerous colleges, including Princeton University, the University of California, Davis, the San Francisco Art Institute, and Evergreen State College.  As one of the originators of the Earth Day concept (due in part to the influence of astrologer Dane Rudhyar), Argüelles founded the first Whole Earth Festival in 1970, at Davis, California.  He is best known for his leading role in organizing the 1987 Harmonic Convergence event, for inventing (with the assistance of his wife Lloydine) the perpetual Dreamspell calendar in 1992, and for the central role that he played in the emergence of the 2012 phenomenon.  Towards the end of his life, Argüelles focused on issue of consciousness, elaborating the concept of a noosphere (based on the work of Teilhard de Chardin and Vladimir Vernadsky) as a global work of art.  Specifically, he envisioned a "rainbow bridge" encircling the Earth.
Paragraph 9: Manitonquat (AKA Medicine Story; born Francis Story Talbot, July 17, 1929), is an American author of two books, and several more self-published booklets on New Age philosophy, spirituality, and community sociology.  He has led workshops and rituals at the Rainbow Gatherings held by the Rainbow Family.  Since the 1970s, he has toured the United States and Europe teaching and lecturing on the adaptation of the application of philosophy to modern problems of society, community, and relationships.
Paragraph 10: Joe Lynn Turner (born Joseph Arthur Mark Linquito, August 2, 1951) is an American singer, guitarist, songwriter, and producer.  He is known for his work in the hard rock bands Rainbow and Deep Purple.  During his career, Turner fronted and played guitar with pop rock band Fandango in the late 1970s; and in the early 80s, he became a member of Rainbow, fronting the band and writing songs with guitarist, Ritchie Blackmore and bassist, and producer, Roger Glover.  After Rainbow had disbanded (the first time) in March 1984, he pursued a solo career, released one album, Rescue You, and then later did session work, singing background vocals for the likes of Billy Joel, Cher, and Michael Bolton.  On the advice of Bolton, Turner began recording jingles for radio and television.  Other songs he had composed or through collaboration with songwriters like Desmond Child and Jack Ponti were being recorded and released by international recording artists Jimmy Barnes, Lee Aaron, and Bonfire.  Turner had a short-lived association with neoclassical metal guitarist Yngwie Malmsteen and then Deep Purple.  From the mid-1990s, he resumed his solo career, releasing an additional nine studio and two live recordings.  Turner did other session work, appearing as lead vocalist on tribute albums and working on projects involving various musical groups including progressive rock band Mother's Army; Bulgarian hard rock band Brazen Abbot; funk rock duo Hughes Turner Project; and classic rock/ progressive rock band Rated X.  In 2006, Frontiers Records approached Turner to become involved with the AOR side project Sunstorm.  By 2016, four albums under the Sunstorm name had been released.  That same year, Turner released "The Sessions" via Cleopatra Records featuring a veritable who's who of classic rock royalty as guest musicians, before resuming his seemingly constant touring schedule back in Europe
Question: The author of Some Other Rainbow was born on what day and year?
Answer:

Answer: 27 November 1956


Instruction: Answer the question based on the given paragraphs. Note that some paragraphs might be irrelevant.

Input:
Paragraph 1: Pratia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae, native to Asia, Australia and New Zealand.
Paragraph 2: Sutherlandia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae.
Question: Are Sutherlandia and Pratia in the same family?
Answer: no.

Paragraph 1: Waste management laws
 govern the transport, treatment, storage, and disposal of all manner of waste, including municipal solid waste, hazardous waste, and nuclear waste, among many other types.  Waste laws are generally designed to minimize or eliminate the uncontrolled dispersal of waste materials into the environment in a manner that may cause ecological or biological harm, and include laws designed to reduce the generation of waste and promote or mandate waste recycling.  Regulatory efforts include identifying and categorizing waste types and mandating transport, treatment, storage, and disposal practices.

Paragraph 2: Business (or commercial and industrial) waste – cover the commercial waste and industrial waste types .  Generally, businesses are expected to make their own arrangements for the collection, treatment and disposal of their wastes.  Waste from smaller shops and trading estates where local authority waste collection agreements are in place will generally be treated as municipal waste.
Paragraph 3: Shikashika is a shaved ice drink made from glacier ice in Peru and Bolivia.  In some rural communities, the extraction and sale of ice continues to be a primary natural resource for local economies.  Ice merchants extract the blocks with an axe by hand and transport them down from the mountains atop mules.  The unit of sale is usually an ice block weighing approximately 40 kilos which is sold to Shikashika vendors.  Each block sells for approximately 17 USD.  In turn, Shikashika is sold for approximately 15 cents in plastic bags with colorful sweet syrups at Andean festivals and on market day.  The word Shikashika is onomatopeia from the Amerindian language Quechua.  An alternative word for Shikashika in Spanish is "raspadilla."
Paragraph 4: Disposing trash on Earth mainly comes in three ways: littering, incinerating, and storing in it the many landfills we have around the world.  With today’s landfills, there are very constructed contaminate structures.  These systems are designed to help keep solid waste from becoming too uncontained and uncontrolled from the environment and the impact it could have on the health of humans.  The purpose of having a liner system within a landfill is mainly to isolate everything within the landfill from the environment and protect it from contaminating the contents of the soil and especially the water within the ground.  These liners are engineered to create a physical barrier between the garbage within the landfill, the ground, and the environment, in order to separate the liquid contaminate (leachate) so that it can go to a treatment facility.  There are different types of these landfill sites for the different types of solid wastes which society creates and leaves behind.  There are certain levels of harmfulness in which the different types of trash have; therefore, there are different types of liner systems which are required for these different types of disposal sites.  The first type is single liner-systems.  These systems usually are put within landfills which mostly hold construction rubble.  These landfills are not meant to hold the disposal of harmful liquid wastes such as paint, tar, or any other type of liquid garbage that can easily seep through a single liner system.  The second type is double-liner systems.  These systems are usually found in municipal solid waste landfills as well all hazardous waste landfills.  The first part is constructed to collect the leachate while the second layer is engineered to be a leak-detection system to ensure that no contaminates leak into the ground and contaminate everything.
Paragraph 5: "Gerontion" is a poem by T. S. Eliot that was first published in 1920.  The work relates the opinions and impressions of a gerontic, or elderly man, through a dramatic monologue which describes Europe after World War I through the eyes of a man who has lived the majority of his life in the 19th century.  Eliot considered using this already published poem as a preface to "The Waste Land", but decided to keep it as an independent poem.  Along with "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" and "The Waste Land", and other works published by Eliot in the early part of his career, '"Gerontion" discusses themes of religion, sexuality, and other general topics of modernist poetry.
Paragraph 6: Household hazardous waste (HHW), sometimes called retail hazardous waste or "home generated special materials', is post-consumer waste which qualifies as hazardous waste when discarded.  It includes household chemicals and other substances for which the owner no longer has a use, such as consumer products sold for home care, personal care, automotive care, pest control and other purposes.  These products exhibit many of the same dangerous characteristics as fully regulated hazardous waste due to their potential for reactivity, ignitability, corrosivity, toxicity, or persistence.  Examples include drain cleaners, oil paint, motor oil, antifreeze, fuel, poisons, pesticides, herbicides and rodenticides, fluorescent lamps, lamp ballasts, smoke detectors, medical waste, some types of cleaning chemicals, and consumer electronics (such as televisions, computers, and cell phones).
Paragraph 7: A civic amenity site (CA site) or household waste recycling centre (HWRC) is a facility where the public can dispose of household waste and also often containing recycling points.  Civic amenity sites are run by the local authority in a given area.  Collection points for recyclable waste such as green waste, metals, glass and other waste types (including WVO) are available.  Items that cannot be collected by local waste collection schemes such as bulky waste are also provided.
Paragraph 8: Waste Land is a 2010 British-Brazilian documentary film directed by Lucy Walker.  The film chronicles artist Vik Muniz, who travels to the world's largest landfill, Jardim Gramacho outside Rio de Janeiro, to collaborate with a lively group of catadores of recyclable materials, who find a way to the most prestigious auction house in London via the surprising transformation of refuse into contemporary art.  The catadores work in a co-operative founded and led by Sebastião Carlos Dos Santos, the ACAMJG, or Association of Pickers of Jardim Gramacho, who dreamed of improving life for his community.  The money created by the selling of the artworks was given back to the catadores and the ACAMJG, as well as the prize money from the film awards, to help the catadores and their community.
Paragraph 9: Chemical waste is a waste that is made from harmful chemicals (mostly produced by large factories).  Chemical waste may fall under regulations such as COSHH in the United Kingdom, or the Clean Water Act and Resource Conservation and Recovery Act in the United States.  In the U.S., the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), as well as state and local regulations also regulate chemical use and disposal.  Chemical waste may or may not be classed as hazardous waste.  A chemical hazardous waste is a solid, liquid, or gaseous material that displays either a “Hazardous Characteristic” or is specifically “listed” by name as a hazardous waste.  There are four characteristics chemical wastes may have to be considered as hazardous.  These are Ignitability, Corrosivity, Reactivity, and Toxicity.  This type of hazardous waste must be categorized as to its identity, constituents, and hazards so that it may be safely handled and managed.  Chemical waste is a broad term and encompasses many types of materials.  Consult the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS), Product Data Sheet or Label for a list of constituents.  These sources should state whether this chemical waste is a waste that needs special disposal.
Paragraph 10: Kulotunga Cinkaiariyan (Tamil: குலோத்துங்க சிங்கையாரியன் ) was the third of the Aryacakravarti kings of Jaffna Kingdom.  Author of the book “Ancient Jaffna” C. Rasanayagam calculated that he has been ruled Jaffna from 1256 to 1279 (23 years).  Yalpana Vaipava Malai says he followed his ancestor and promoted agriculture, and he converted waste land into agriculture land.  Also the book added that during his rule the kingdom was peaceful and prosper.
Question: Are Waste Land and Shikashika both types of drinks?
Answer:

Answer: no