Instruction: Answer the question based on the given paragraphs. Note that some paragraphs might be irrelevant.

Input:
Paragraph 1: Pratia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae, native to Asia, Australia and New Zealand.
Paragraph 2: Sutherlandia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae.
Question: Are Sutherlandia and Pratia in the same family?
Answer: no.

Paragraph 1: Chongwenmen (;Manchu:ᡧᡠ
ᠪᡝ
ᠸᡝᠰᡳᡥᡠᠯᡝᡵᡝ
ᡩᡠᡴᠠ ;Möllendorff:šu be wesihulere duka) is the name of a gate that was once part of Beijing's city wall in what is now Dongcheng District.  The gate stood in the southeastern part of Beijing's inner city, immediately south of the old Beijing Legation Quarter.  In the 1960s, the gate and much of the wall was torn down to make room for Beijing's second ring road.  Today, Chongwenmen is marked by the intersection of Chongwenmen Nei (Inner) and Chongwenmen Wai (Outer) Street, which run north-south through the former gate, Chongwenmen East and Chongwenmen West Street, which run east-west where the wall stood, and Beijing Station West Street, a diagonal street, going northwest to the Beijing Railway Station.  Chongwenmen is a transport node in Beijing.  Chongwenmen Station is an interchange station on Lines 2 and 5 of the Beijing Subway.  Chongwen District, an administrative division of the city from 1952 to 2010 and now folded into Dongcheng District, was named after Chongwenmen.
Paragraph 2: New Town is a suburb of the city of Hobart, Tasmania, Australia, about 4 km north of the central business district of Hobart.  One of the city's oldest suburbs, it is now an inner city residential suburb.  Many of its streets are lined with Federation style cottages.  It is surrounded by the suburbs of North Hobart, Mount Stuart, Lenah Valley and Moonah, with the Queen's Domain just to the south-east.
Paragraph 3: The Ishtar Gate (Arabic: بوابة عشتار  , Persian: دروازه ایشتار  ) was the eighth gate to the inner city of Babylon.  It was constructed in about 575 BCE by order of King Nebuchadnezzar II on the north side of the city.  It was excavated in the early 20th century and a reconstruction using original bricks is now shown in the Pergamon Museum, Berlin.
Paragraph 4: Qianmen () is the colloquial name for Zhengyangmen (;Manchu:ᡨᠣᠪ
ᡧᡠᠨ
ᡳ
ᡩᡠᡴᠠ ;Möllendorff:tob šun i duka; meaning "gate of the zenith Sun"), a gate in Beijing's historic city wall.  The gate is situated to the south of Tiananmen Square and once guarded the southern entry into the Inner City.  Although much of Beijing's city walls were demolished, Zhengyangmen remains an important geographical marker of the city.  The city's central north-south axis passes through Zhengyangmen's main gate.  It was formerly named Lizhengmen (), meaning "beautiful portal".
Paragraph 5: Remuera is an affluent inner city residential suburban area within Auckland, in the North Island of New Zealand.  It is located four kilometres to the southeast of the city centre.  Remuera is one of Auckland's older suburbs characterised by many large houses, often Edwardian or mid 20th century.  A prime example of a "leafy" suburb, Remuera is noted for its quiet tree lined streets.  The suburb has numerous green spaces, most obvious of which is Ōhinerau / Mount Hobson - a volcanic cone with views from the top overlooking Waitematā Harbour and Rangitoto.
Paragraph 6: Striding Lion, a wall relief made from polychrome glazed, fired bricks, is one of the most iconic objects on display at the Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto.  It came from Babylon, Iraq, and dates to the time of Nebuchadnezzar II (605-562 BCE), king of the Neo-Babylonian Empire.  Striding Lion is one of many such reliefs that decorated the walls of the palace's ceremonial hall and very similar to the lions that line the processional way from the Ishtar Gate to the temple of Marduk.
Paragraph 7: The hill rises about 250 feet above the level of the plateau, which itself constitutes the summit of the Mahadev range at this point.  The cone with the walls on it is seen from a great distance and appears very small indeed.  But on near approach it is seen to be but the inner citadel of a place of considerable size and strength for the times in which it was built.  On the south-west the outer wall or enceinte is entered by a rude gateway of a single pointed arch about eight feet high and five feet broad.  As usual there is a curtain of solid masonry inside.  The gate lies about 150 yards east of the edge of the plateau, which there terminates in an almost unbroken vertical precipice of several hundred feet in height and receding in a north-easterly direction.  No wall was built along about three hundred yards of this part which is absolutely unscalable, but for the rest of the way the walling is continued along the edge of the cliff in a north-east direction for about another three hundred yards.  Here it turns still following the cliff to the south-east for another seven hundred yards, and then gradually rounds to the westward covering four hundred and fifty yards more till it meets the gateway.  But for the break of the inaccessible precipice this outer wall would form a nearly equilateral triangle with the corners rounded off, the side being of some six hundred and fifty yards.  Facing nearly north, about fifty yards from the north-east angle, is a gateway with a couple of curtains in solid masonry.  This entrance is cut in the sides of the cliff about twenty feet below the top which is reached by some dozen steps.  It consisted as usual of a pointed arch, the top fallen in, about ten feet high by five broad.  It leads out to the path down to Girvi, a village in the plains below and it probably formed the communication with Phaltan.  This road winds down the face of the range for some five hundred feet till it hits the shoulder of a spur which it then follows to the base.  The walling on the south side, from the edge of the cliff to some hundred yards east of the southern gate, is not more than a couple of feet in thickness and consists of all-fitting stones unmortared.  The rest is massive and well mortared and still fairly preserved.  The average height is from seven to ten feet.  In the south-east angle is a rude temple of Bhairavnath and a few houses with the remains of Man y more.  On the right side of the southern gate is a well preserved stone pond about thirty yards square with steps leading down to it.  Next to and on the north of Bhairavnath's temple is another pond.  The way up to the fort proper or upper and lower citadels is from the north side.  The path up the hill side, which is steep but with grass and soil left in Man y places, is almost destroyed.  About 150 feet up is the outer citadel built on a sort of shoulder of the hill and facing almost due west.  It contains two massive bastions of excellent masonry looking north-west and south-west so that guns planted on them could comMan d respectively the north and south gateways.  This citadel was connected with the main wall by a cross wall running across the whole breadth of the fort from east to west.  Its entrance lies close below that to the upper citadel.  A masonry curtain projects so as to hide the arch itself, which is not more than seven feet high by three broad, and has to be entered from due east.  On the south side the walls are carried right up to the scarp of the upper citadel and are some ten feet high, so that to take the lower citadel in rear or flank must have been difficult.  The upper citadel is above a vertical scarp some thirty feet high.  The entrance to it lies some thirty feet above that to the lower citadel, and is cut in the rock about eight feet wide.  There is a gateway of a pointed arch with the top fallen in and twenty odd steps leading up to it and ten more cut out of the rock, and winding up past the inside curtain on to the top.  The walls of this upper citadel are still in tolerable preservation.  They were originally about ten feet high and built of fair masonry.  There is a large turret on the south-west corner, evidently meant to comMan d the southern gate.  About ten yards to the east of this turret is a new looking building which was the headquarters or sadar.  Immediately east of this and below it is a great pit about thirty feet square and equally deep roughly cut in the rock and said by the people to be a dungeon.  Next to it on the south is a small pond evenly cut and lined with mortar used for storing water.  There are some remains of sepoys' houses, and, near the turret, a small stone wheel said to belong to a gun.  The outer walls east of the gates have bastions at every turn of the cliffs, and the masonry here is particularly strong and well preserved.  It would appear that attacks were dreaded chiefly from the plain below.  The assailants could either come up the spur towards the north entrance or they might attempt the spurs on the other side of the eastern ravine and attack the southern gateway.  Hence apparently the reason for strengthening the walls of the enceinte on this side.  After passing the southern gateway the assailants would be commanded Maan, Maharashtra from the lower citadel.  They Would then be encountered by the cross wall.  If that obstacle was overcome the besieged would run round the east side and into the two citadels.  The appearance from the fort of the plain in the north is most formidable.  The Panvan plateau completely commands Maan, Maharashtra and almost overhangs it.  The fort is believed to have been built by Shivaji to resist the Moghals whose attacks he must have dreaded from the plain below.  The Karkhanis or Superintendent of the fort was a Prabhu.  The fort garrison consisted of 200 Ramoshis, Mahars, and other hereditary Gadkaris besides sepoys.  It was surrendered in 1818 to Vitthal Pant Phadnis of the Raja of Satara left in charge of the town.  He detached 200 men to take possession, being part of a force then raised to protect the town from the enterprizes of Bajirav's garrisons then in the neighbourhood.  [Elphinstone in Pendhari and Maratha War Papers, 245.]
Paragraph 8: Leicester City Centre is an area covering the core inner city area and central business district of the city of Leicester, England.  The City Centre is roughly delineated from Leicester's inner urban districts by the A594, Leicester's inner ring road, although the various central campuses of the University of Leicester, De Monfort University and Leicester College are contiguous to the inner ring road and could be considered to be a continuation of the City centre.  In a similar way, the Leicester Royal Infirmary precinct, the Welford Road Stadium of Leicester Tigers' RUFC and the King Power Stadium of Premier League Leicester City to the south, and the Golden Mile to the north could also be deemed to be extensions to the central core.
Paragraph 9: The Panel with striding lion (MA 31.13.1) is a panel of Neo-Babylonian glazed ceramic bricks or tiles dated to 604–562 B.C., now in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.  It was one of many that lined the Processional Way north of the Ishtar Gate.  It was excavated by R. Koldewey in 1902, and at the Staatliche Museen zu Berlin from 1926, before coming into the possession of the Met in 1931.
Paragraph 10: Parkdale is a mature, inner city neighbourhood in the city of Calgary, Alberta along the north bank of the Bow River between the communities of West Hillhurst and Point McKay.  It is bounded on the south by the Bow River, 28 St NW to the east, Shaganappi Trail NW to the west and on the north by 16th Avenue.  Parkdale is in close proximity to both the Foothills Medical Centre and the Alberta Children's Hospital constructed in 2006, as well as the University of Calgary.  Memorial Drive provides access to downtown Calgary and to Highway 1 which leads to the Rocky Mountains.  Parkdale was annexed to the City of Calgary in 1910 when Calgary began to experience a "major economic and building boom."  The boom ended in 1913 and further development of the Parkdale Addition as it was called, was halted because of World War I.  Following World War II in the 1950s the dominant housing type that characterized Parkdale, was the bungalow.  By 2014 Parkdale, like other inner city communities in Calgary, was experiencing gradual gentrification with small cottage-style bungalows being replaced by spacious flat roofed, Prairie School Frank Lloyd Wright inspired infills attracting young families with children away from the long commute suburbs to inner city ease of access to downtown, transit and work.
Question: The Panel with striding lion  was one of many that lined the way north of the gate to the inner city of what location?
Answer:

Answer: Babylon


Instruction: Answer the question based on the given paragraphs. Note that some paragraphs might be irrelevant.

Input:
Paragraph 1: Pratia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae, native to Asia, Australia and New Zealand.
Paragraph 2: Sutherlandia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae.
Question: Are Sutherlandia and Pratia in the same family?
Answer: no.

Paragraph 1: WMBH (1560 AM) is a radio station licensed to Joplin, Missouri.  It was founded in Chicago, Illinois, in 1926, later moving to Joplin in 1927.  WMBH is the only station in the Joplin area to have a callsign beginning with a "W" due to its Chicago origins.  The station is also broadcasting on K268CP 101.3 FM, licensed to Joplin.
Paragraph 2: WSYY-FM (94.9 FM) is a radio station broadcasting for approximately 18¼ hours per day, 7 days a week (from 4:55AM through 11:10PM ET) under the slogan, ""Radio With An Attitude"".  Playing a mix of oldies/classic hits, adult contemporary, rock music, and some country crossovers, the station broadcasts an Adult Hits/Full-Service format for approximately 16 hours per day, from 6:00AM through 10:00PM ET (reserving the first and, also, the final hour of their broadcast day to "When Radio Was").  "The Mountain 94.9" carries local high school sports in season.  "The Mountain 94.9" had also carried the complete schedule of Red Sox Baseball (from 1997 through 2015, prior to becoming a Former Affiliate in 2016, which was when Millinocket's affiliation with the Red Sox Baseball would ultimately be transferred over to co-owned WSYY-AM, thus concluding the frequent interruptions to the music on "The Mountain 94.9" during Baseball season).  The station currently features programming from CBS Radio and carries CBS Radio News at the top of every hour (and has been an affiliate of that network for many decades).  Licensed to Millinocket, Maine, United States, the station's broadcast signal serves the Central Penobscot County, Eastern Piscataquis County, and Southern Aroostook County Maine areas, and the station is licensed to serve the town of Millinocket, Maine, the very town where its studios/offices and tower site are located.  The station is currently owned by Katahdin Communications, Inc.  WSYY-FM originally went on the air in 1978 on 97.7 FM as WKTR, upgrading to its current facilities in 1984 on 94.9.  Prior to their "The Mountain 94.9" branding, WSYY-FM used to be referred to as "North Country 95", airing a full-time Country Music format.  The current format, branding, and slogan was probably adopted around March 1, 2004, when Katahdin Communications, Inc. assumed control of WSYY-FM & WSYY-AM from Katahdin Timberlands, LLC (as a result of the radio station facing increasing land disputes), initially as a short term lease agreement but the transfer of ownership ultimately became permanent.  Those same land disputes would eventually lead to a loss of WSYY-FM's 23,500 watt transmitter location (featuring an antenna HAAT of 211 meters); as a result, WSYY-FM may have been operating under a Special Temporary Authority License (a 12,000 watt facility with an antenna HAAT of 68 meters via Hammond Ridge on Lake Road, about two miles from Millinocket Municipal Airport), ever since as long ago as late 2007, pending a planned permanent move to a 22,000 watt facility with an antenna HAAT of 198.4 meters (from just off Nicatou Road in Medway, well east of WSYY-FM's old or current transmitter tower location).  On November 23th, 2016, the CP for this proposed move was modified to a 45,000 watt facility with an antenna HAAT of 146.7 meters, the first time this proposed move has ever received official approval from the FCC.  WSYY-FM is one of the two Maine affiliates—apart from WLOB—of When Radio Was (7 days a week from 5:00AM through 6:00AM ET and also from 10:00PM through 11:00PM ET), is one of the two Maine affiliates (WWMJ) of The Acoustic Storm (Saturdays from 9:00AM through 12:00PM ET), is Maine's only affiliate of the Crook & Chase syndicated Country Music countdown programming (Sunday afternoons from 2:00PM through 6:00PM ET), and is an affiliate of the Blues Deluxe radio show.  WSYY-FM/WSYY-AM are unusual in that while these stations are authorized to broadcast 24 hours a day, the stations both have sign-offs every day (WSYY-AM signing off at sun-down, broadcasting only on Weekends (but not between Monday-through-Friday) and WSYY-FM broadcasting for approximately 18¼ hours per day, 7 days a week, WSYY-FM's broadcast day concluding with the 11:00PM ET Top-of-the-Hour CBS Radio newscast and then a Nightly Sign-Off Announcement and then an instrumentation of the American national anthem, followed by Dead Air amidst a Transmitter Power-Down, not Signing Back Onto The Air until 4:55AM ET).  In Old Town and also Bangor (and continuing southward and/or southwestward), the station has strong FM co-channel interference with Portland-market WHOM (which transmits from atop Mount Washington in New Hampshire, the tallest peak in the Northeast and had for a long time claimed on its website that it has the largest coverage area of any FM station in the United States, its signal spanning five states: NH, ME, VT, MA, NY and also parts of Southern Quebec Province, Canada), this matter being especially problematic before dawn or after dusk.  In favorable atmospheric conditions, a very weak signal of WHOM can be DX-ed in Millinocket during overnight hours (when WSYY-FM is off-the-air).
Paragraph 3: Joplin ( ) or ( ) is a city in southern Jasper County and northern Newton County in the southwestern corner of the U.S. state of Missouri.  Joplin is the largest city in Jasper County, though it is not the county seat (the county seat is Carthage).  As of the 2010 census, the city population was 50,150.  Joplin is the main hub of the three-county Joplin-Miami, Oklahoma metropolitan area.
Paragraph 4: KFUO-FM was a classical music radio station in St. Louis, located at 99.1 MHz FM.  It was branded as "Classic 99 KFUO-FM".  KFUO-FM transmitted with an effective radiated power of 100 kW.  KFUO-FM was among the oldest FM stations west of the Mississippi River, broadcasting since 1948.  KFUO-FM's studios were located on the campus of Concordia Seminary, one of two graduate theological seminaries operated by the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod (LCMS).  The station was owned by the LCMS, which still owns the KFUO AM radio station.  KFUO-FM's transmitter was located in Affton, Missouri.
Paragraph 5: KLIK (1240 AM), branding as Newstalk 1240, is a radio station broadcasting a News Talk Information format.  Licensed to Jefferson City, Missouri, United States, the station serves the Columbia, Missouri area.  The station is currently owned by Cumulus Media and features programing from ABC Radio and Westwood One.  KLIK also operates a local news operation with sister station KFRU (1400 AM in Columbia, Missouri).  From 1954 until September 8, 1999, KLIK was located at 950 AM, transmitting with a daytime power of 5000 watts and a nighttime power of 500 watts (directional) from a four tower array about 3.2 miles south of Jefferson City.  Early owners of KLIK broadcast a varied format of news and talk programs including music programs of middle of the road, top 40, adult contemporary and country music as 95 KLIK.  For many years, KLIK and KJFF as the two largest regional radio stations (the most powerful AM and FM station in the region) dominated radio listenership in cumulative market share in the Columbia-Jeff City Market of Central Missouri.  In the 1970s and early 1980s KLIK was known as the Live 95 as its broadcasts were all programmed by live deejays, talk hosts and newscasters rather than by a satellite or automation system.  KLIK once operated with an FM sister station in the 1970s and 1980s known was KJFF 106.9 FM a 100,000 watt semi-automated easy listening music station with a large regional coverage signal.  In the early 1980s KLIK and KJFF-FM together were sold by the local Jefferson City operators to a regional group broadcaster, and newspaper publisher, Brill Media.  In about 1982, KJFF-FM 106.9 FM became an adult contemporary music station, initially with a satellite delivered music format, and easy listening music was phased out along with the KJFF call letters which were replaced by the new FM call signs of KTXY.  KLIK 950 AM transitioned over from AC/Contemporary music at about the same time to a 24-hour-a-day live country/western format known as 95 Country.  KLIK carried a variety of programming and a mostly country music format until the late 1990s.
Paragraph 6: KBME (branded as Sportstalk 790) AM is a sports-talk radio station in the Houston, Texas metropolitan area.  It is currently owned by iHeartMedia, Inc..  The station airs local sports-talk and carries nationally syndicated Fox Sports Radio programming.  KBME is also the flagship radio station for the Houston Rockets, Houston Astros and Texas Longhorns.  The station's studios are located along the West Loop Freeway in the city's Uptown district.  The transmitter site is located at what is now the southwest corner of Fallbrook Drive and T.C. Jester Boulevard, near Greenspoint in unincorporated Harris County.
Paragraph 7: WKRO was an AM radio station located in Cairo, Illinois.  The frequency is currently "dark", having gone off the air sometime around 2013.  There are no current plans to revive the station.  WKRO was assigned the AM frequency of 1490 by the Federal Communications Commission in late 1941 and began broadcasting with a power of 250 watts in February 1942.  According to Broadcasting Yearbook, the station raised its daytime power to 1000 watts around 1975.  The original station owner was Oscar Hirsch.  Mr. Hirsch had previously started KFVS Radio in Cape Girardeau in the 1920s and expanded his broadcast group in the 1940s to also include radio stations in Sparta, Illinois (WHCO), Flat River, Missouri (KFMO) and Sikeston, Missouri (KSIM).  By the mid- 1950s, Mr. Hirsch expanded into the fledgling television industry with the formation of KFVS-TV in Cape Girardeau, Missouri.  The Hirsch family operated WKRO until 1984, when the station was sold to a local funeral director, William T. "Bill" Crain.  Mr. Crain operated WKRO for close to ten years.  During the 1990s, WKRO was owned and operated by a succession of short lived owners, including Roger Price, Sr. and Dan Moeller.  Eventually, in an unusual arrangement for a commercial broadcast license, the station was briefly operated by Alexander County and overseen by the county commissioners before the final license holder, Stratemeyer Media, based in nearby Metropolis, Illinois, took over operations and programming of the station.
Paragraph 8: KYTC (102.7 FM, "Super Hits 102.7") is a radio station that broadcasts a classic hits music format.  Licensed to Northwood, Iowa, U.S., it serves northern Iowa and southern Minnesota.  The station is currently owned by Alpha Media, through licensee Digity 3E License, LLC.  The station was originally operated by Northwood businessman, Marlin Hanson as an oldies radio station with an effective radiated power of 3,000 watts, then 6,000 watts.  Hanson built the station because he bought the tower from the local cable company after they abandoned it and decided a radio station would be a good use for the empty tower.  It was sold to Dave Nolander who also owned KATE radio in Albert Lea, MN.  It was operated as an oldies station featuring music of the 50's and 60's from a studio located in Northwood and satellite programming during the evening hours.  The station was sold to Three Eagles Communications and the power increased to 25,000 watts.  Between 2002 and 2012.  the station changed from Oldies to Country to active rock and finally back to a hits of the 60's through the 80's.  The station transmitter is located 3 miles north of Northwood and the studio is located in Mason City.  Current owner Digity, LLC purchased the station in September 12, 2014.
Paragraph 9: KXCV (90.5 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a News Talk Information format.  Licensed to Maryville, Missouri, United States.  The station is owned by Northwest Missouri State University and features programming from American Public Media and National Public Radio.  The station is the National Public Radio radio station of Northwest Missouri State University and was the first full-power (100 kW) public radio station in Missouri in 1971.
Paragraph 10: KSHQ 100.7 FM is a radio station licensed to Deerfield, Missouri.  The station broadcasts a Sports radio format and is owned by Nancy Miller, through licensee One Media, Inc.  The station is also simulcast on WMBH 1560 AM to reach the Joplin market better.
Question: In what corner of Missouri is radio station WMBH located?
Answer:

Answer: southwestern


Instruction: Answer the question based on the given paragraphs. Note that some paragraphs might be irrelevant.

Input:
Paragraph 1: Pratia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae, native to Asia, Australia and New Zealand.
Paragraph 2: Sutherlandia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae.
Question: Are Sutherlandia and Pratia in the same family?
Answer: no.

Paragraph 1: The Château de Bourdeilles is a castle located in the commune of Bourdeilles in the Dordogne "département" in southwestern France.  A castle may have existed at Bourdeilles in the 9th century, but the oldest parts of the current castle date from the early 14th century.  The castle consists of an octagonal keep, connected to a two story building of which only the outer walls remain.  Next to the old castle, a Renaissance palace was built at the end of the 16th century.  Much of the interior decoration has been preserved.  The castle and the palace are surrounded by a wall.  The entrance gate is protected by two round towers.  Since 1919, the château has been listed as a "monument historique" by the French Ministry of Culture.
Paragraph 2: Skenfrith Castle (Welsh: "Castell Ynysgynwraidd" ) is a medieval castle located in Monmouthshire, Wales.  The castle is in the centre of the village of Skenfrith, located on the banks of the River Monnow, five and a half miles north-west of the town of Monmouth.  The first defences were built shortly after the Norman Conquest of 1066, although the remains of the castle that stand today date from the early thirteenth century.  The castle is a Grade II* listed building as at 19 November 1953.
Paragraph 3: Cape Emine (Bulgarian: Нос Емине ) is a headland located at the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast.  It is located 49 miles south of Varna, 34 miles north of Burgas and 9 miles south of Obzor.  It forms the tip of Stara Planina.  Cape Emine is said to be Bulgaria's stormiest cape.
Paragraph 4: Gannock Castle is located in the village of Tempsford, in the county of Bedfordshire, England.  It is located 6 miles east of Great Barford Castle and 9 miles east of Bedford Castle.
Paragraph 5: Roslin Castle (sometimes spelt Rosslyn) is a partially ruined castle near the village of Roslin in Midlothian, Scotland.  It is located around 9 miles south of Edinburgh, on the north bank of the North Esk, only a few hundred metres from the famous Rosslyn Chapel.
Paragraph 6: The Nashville Terminal Subdivision is a railroad line owned by CSX Transportation in the U.S. State of Tennessee.  The Subdivision is broken up into 5 sections all in Nashville, Tennessee.  The northern part of the Terminal is in Madison, Tennessee at milepost 000/0BA 174 on the southern end of the Ex-L&N Mainline Subdivision at Monfort.  Disptach for the Mainline Sub is known as "LD" which is part of the Cincinnati Division.  From here in Madison begins the double track that stays for another 22 miles south to Brentwood, Tennessee.  At milepost 000/0BA/00H 176.6, the famous Johnny Cash "Amqui" location where the Ex-L&N Evansville, Indiana line, the Henderson Subdivision meets with the Terminal.  Dispatch for the Henderson Sub is known as "SA" and operates on AAR58.  There are two crossings near each other, Williams Ave and Nesbitt Lane at Amqui.  From here the Terminal goes south about 2 miles to the Nashville National Cemetery to the first major location, known as Ekin, 000179, where there is a cross over track from number 1 to number 2 track (left to right track).  There is also the first EDD (Defect Detector) at 000179.1.  Few more miles southward, the next major location appears.  At 000181.0, Maplewood is a major location for the Terminal.  From here the regular Terminal goes south to swap crews at Kayne Ave, and the right side, Radnor Cutoff, detours the city and gives yard departures and arrivals direct access to and from Radnor yard to cities like Louisville and Chicago.  The Cutoff runs from Maplewood to Shelby Park double track.  From Shebly the track converges into one to pass the historic Shelby bridge, then it opens back to double track.  From there, the cutoff hits the Intermediates at 0BA187.0 known as Chicken Pike.  The Radnor Cutoff carries the L&N mainline classification of "0BA" but meets the main at the same milepost from the Terminal.  At Chicken Pike, trains are staged to await arrival to Radnor yard.  Once they get clearance, speed is decreased to 15, and at 0BA188.1 the EDD (Defect Detector) sounds for departures and arrivals.  This location is known as North Radnor.  The right track diverging from the #2 is known as A-1, it is for departure trains to Chattanooga and Atlanta.  The left track which goes west from the #1 is known as A-2, and serves as a departure track to Memphis, and if the cutoff is out of service, all northbound departures.  The interesting piece of Maplewood is the crossovers that are there to move trains from the Cutoff to the Main.  Both lines remain double track for a while.  The main runs south for 2 more miles until the Intermediate signals at 000183.0.  Commonly trains will stop before Delmas Ave when Kayne Ave is at capacity and await dispatch permission before moving south.  From here, the main continues south until the CR Cumberland River Swingbridge, where the main converges into a single track shortly to cross the bridge.  At this point, trains had been running at track speed of around 40.  From the drawbridge into town, speed is reduced to around 10.  After the bridge is passed, the main returns to double track in downtown.  On the #1 track about a half a mile south, another connecting track is present.  This is the Wye track that connects the main with the Bruceton side, while rarely used for mainline trains, locals and river jobs use it.  The location is known as 8th Avenue or 8th Avenue Wye.  The main then runs down to Kayne Ave, the central hotbed of all Nashville thru traffic.  The Memphis, Tennessee Ex-L&N Bruceton Subdivision meets with the Terminal.  The Bruceton Sub begins at Church Street at 00N0.0.  The line then runs single track until 00N0.7 "11th Avenue" where it turns into double track and also meets the aforementioned, Wye track.  The Bruceton line then goes southwest a while to the next signals, at "Shops".  Now speed has been increased.  The line is still double track until "Sellars", where speed is increased to 40 and jurisdiction transferred to the SD Dispatcher.  For a short time, 4 main tracks are present and an additional fifth track for switchers and yard movements.  The tracks from left to right in Kayne Ave are as follows: 100, 99, 98, 12, 3.  The Kayne Ave yard is also here in this area, which houses some frieght and some switcher engines.  The tracks to the old shed are covered and removed.  The Union Station is not an active station, but a historic hotel.  Crew change usually occurs at the "walkway" which is under the Demombreun St bridge by the Kayne Ave Tower.  This is also where the Ex-NC&StL Chattanooga Subdivision begins.  Then tracks run south to Fogg St/South End where things get complicated.  At milepost 000/0BA/00J187 the 98 track merges into the 12 track, making for 3 tracks now.  There is a crossover from 99 to 12, also a crossover from 12 to 3.  About 2/10ths of a mile down the 99 merges into the 12 track reducing the tracks back to the regular double.  About 4/10ths of a mile down the line from Fogg St, 000187.4, Oak St, is a crossover track from #2 to #1 (the track names are no longer 3 and 12, but are back to regular names).  When trains use this crossover northbound, such as Memphis bound trains from the A-2 line, they refer to it as "Long Lead".  And now, the Terminal splits into two parts.  The right side turns into a single track shortly, and will become the Chattanooga Subdivision, and the left side runs south to Brentwood.  The right track runs single shortly until double track for a while.  This begins part of the Chattanooga Sub or J-Line.  The #2 meets with the A-2 connection track at 00J2.2 known as A-2.  Speed is now increased to 40.  Commonly northbounds will stage at 4th Ave on the #1 to await clearance.  Now about a mile down the #1 meets the A-1 connection line.  At 00J3.6 known as A-1.  Further down the double track ends at Glencliff (00J4.9).  Now it runs single for three miles until it hits Danley, which has the D Line connection track, which is an arrival track for incoming Radnor trains from the J Line.  At Danley, the Terminal ends but the same dispatcher handles traffic, "SC".  At Oak Street, our main terminal line goes south two miles to 000189.0 known as Criaghead or Vine Hill.  There is a crossover here from #1 to #2 track.  And there is also a connection/delivery track to the Nashville and Eastern Railroad which connects the Tennessee Central Railroad Museum to a major railroad.  Trains sometimes stop on the #2 before Craighead if they are waiting to enter Radnor yard.  Sometimes trains wait on the #1 at the Berry Road crossing if they await arrival to Kayne Ave. At this point, speed has been increased to 30 from 10.  Moving south, the line hits Radnor Yard at 000192.  The #2 track meets the E-Line arrival track which most Memphis trains and locals use.  The B-Line which meets the #1 track is used for departures out of the C yard and local jobs.  At Mayton, 000192.3, the B line meets the #1 track, and there is a crossover track from #2 to #1.  Speed is now at 40.  2 miles south, at 000194.0, South Radnor, the next intersection is present.  This is where the Radnor A yard meets the main.  There is a single departure/arrival track that meets the #2 track along with a crossover from #1 to #2 track.  Commonly, the #2 track south of the signals is used to halt trains.  This location is known as TVA, because of the power station that is adjacent.  From here the Terminal runs about 2.5 miles south until we hit the southern tip.  The tracks converge onto one single main, at 000/0BA196.6 known as Brentwood.  Speed is increased to 50 and jurisdiction to the S.E. dispatcher.  The right track is the main, S&NA North, while the left track is the Nashville Subdivision which runs to Columbia and exchanges freight with the TSRR.  The Nashville Terminal Subdivision is one of the busiest locations on the CSX network, and one of the most important.
Paragraph 7: Barcaldine Castle is a 17th-century tower house castle located at Barcaldine 9 miles north of Oban, Scotland.  The castle was built by Sir Duncan Campbell, of Glenorchy, between 1601 and 1609.  The castle fell into disrepair in the later 19th century, when Barcaldine House became the principal residence of the family.  It was restored between 1897-1911 and now operates as the Barcaldine Castle bed & breakfast hotel.
Paragraph 8: Raglan Castle (Welsh: "Castell Rhaglan" ) is a late medieval castle located just north of the village of Raglan in the county of Monmouthshire in south east Wales.  The modern castle dates from between the 15th and early 17th-centuries, when the successive ruling families of the Herberts and the Somersets created a luxurious, fortified castle, complete with a large hexagonal keep, known as the Great Tower or the Yellow Tower of Gwent.  Surrounded by parkland, water gardens and terraces, the castle was considered by contemporaries to be the equal of any other in England or Wales.  During the English Civil War the castle was held on behalf of Charles I and was taken by Parliamentary forces in 1646.  In the aftermath, the castle was slighted, or deliberately put beyond military use; after the restoration of Charles II, the Somersets declined to restore the castle.  Raglan Castle became first a source of local building materials, then a romantic ruin, and is now a modern tourist attraction.
Paragraph 9: Hawthornden Castle is located on the River North Esk in Midlothian, Scotland.  The castle lies a mile to the east of Roslin at grid reference [ NT287637] , and is just downstream from Roslin Castle.  Hawthornden comprises a 15th-century ruin, with a 17th-century L-plan house attached.  The house has been restored and now serves as a writer's retreat.  Man-made caves in the rock beneath the castle have been in use for much longer than the castle itself.
Paragraph 10: Tre-Taliesin is a village in Ceredigion on the A487 road, 9 miles north of Aberystwyth, Wales, and 9 miles south of Machynlleth.  It is in the parish of Llangynfelyn.
Question: Where is Hawthornden Castle located relative to a castle 9 miles south of Edinburgh?
Answer:

Answer: downstream


Instruction: Answer the question based on the given paragraphs. Note that some paragraphs might be irrelevant.

Input:
Paragraph 1: Pratia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae, native to Asia, Australia and New Zealand.
Paragraph 2: Sutherlandia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae.
Question: Are Sutherlandia and Pratia in the same family?
Answer: no.

Paragraph 1: Jim Lentz is the chief executive officer for Toyota North America; president and chief operating officer of Toyota Motor North America, Inc. (TMA); and a senior managing officer of the parent company Toyota Motor Corporation (TMC) which is located in Japan.  In that role Lentz manages all of Toyota’s North American affiliate companies which include TMA, Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc. (TMS), and Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing, North America, Inc. (TEMA), which includes responsibilities for Toyota Motor Manufacturing Canada Inc. (TMMC), and oversight for Toyota Canada, Inc. (TCI).  Lentz also serves as the chairman of the North American Executive Committee.  This is composed of the top leaders from the affiliate companies.  Most recently Lentz was the president and chief executive officer of TMS and senior vice president of TMA and served in a global advisory capacity as the managing officer for TMC.  Before that he served as president and chief operating officer and executive vice president of TMS.  Lentz previously held several executive positions including Toyota division group vice president and general manager where he oversaw all sales, logistics and marketing activities for Toyota and Scion regional sales offices and distributors.  He also served as the group vice president of marketing for the Toyota division and vice president of Scion, and was responsible for the initial launch of a new line of vehicles.  Lentz spent several years in the field as vice president and general manager of the Los Angeles region and before that general manager of the San Francisco region.  Prior to his role as general manager Lentz was vice president of marketing services for CAT in Maryland.  He has also held several other TMS positions, including field training manager, sales administration manager and truck sales team member.  Lentz joined Toyota in 1982 as the merchandising manager for its Portland, Oregon region where he later became the distribution manager and field operations manager.  He serves as chairman on the board of directors of The Global Automakers and is also a member of the executive advisory board for Daniels College of Business at the University of Denver (DU), his alma mater.  He was named “Marketer of the Year” by Advertising Age in 2006, an Automotive News “All Star” in 2007 and honored at Industry Leader of the year.
Paragraph 2: Siddharth N. "Bobby" Mehta was former CEO and vice chairman of HSBC North America.  Mehta served as an Advisor of TransUnion since December 31, 2012.  Mehta serves as consultant of TransUnion.  He served the chief executive officer and president of TransUnion from August 2007 to December 31, 2012, and Transunion Financing Corp. until December 31, 2012.  From May 2007 to July 2007, he served as a consultant to the board of directors at TransUnion.  He served as the chief executive officer and president of TransUnion until December 31, 2012.  He served as the chief executive officer of TransUnion LLC.  He served as chairman of the board and chief executive officer of HSBC Finance Corporation from April 2005 to February 2007.  He served as chief executive officer and president of TransUnion LLC from 2007 to 2012.  From 1998 to 2007, he held a variety of positions with HSBC Finance Corporation and HSBC North America Holdings, Inc.  Mehta served as chief executive officer of HSBC North America until February 2007.  Mehta served as consultant of TransUnion since May 2007 until July 2007.  Mehta served as group managing director of HSBC Holdings PLC of HSBC Finance Corp. since April 30, 2005, and its unit chief executive officer since March 2005.  He served as the chief executive of HS BC North America Holdings Inc., of HSBC Finance Corp., from March 2005 to February 15, 2007.  He served as an executive chairman of HSBC Financial Corporation Limited since April 2005 and served as its chief executive officer from April 2005 to February 15, 2007.  He served as the chief executive officer of HSBC Bank USA, N.A. until February 2007.  He served as the chief executive officer of HSBC North America Holdings Inc. since March 2005.  He served as chairman and chief executive officer of HSBC Financial Corp., Ltd.  He oversaw HSBC's global credit card services, its North American consumer lending and mortgage services businesses and its first mortgage operation.  He was also responsible for corporate marketing, strategic planning and corporate development for HSBC North America Holdings Inc. and had responsibility for the strategic management of credit cards throughout the HSBC Group.  Mehta served as group executive of Credit Card Services, Auto Finance and Canada of Household International Inc., since July 2002.  He worked at MasterCard’s U.S. region board since March 2000.  Mehta joined Household International Inc., in 1998.  He served as senior vice president of The Boston Consulting Group in Los Angeles and co-leader of Boston Consulting Group Financial Services Practice in the United States.  Mehta served as a director of Global Board of MasterCard Incorporated since March 17, 2005.  He served as unit chairman of HSBC Holdings PLC and served as its board member since March 2005.  He served as vice chairman and director of HSBC Financial Corporation Limited., (Formerly Household International Inc.).  He has been a director of Avant Credit Corporation since December 18, 2014.  He has been an independent director of The Allstate Corporation since February 19, 2014.  He serves as a member of the advisory board at Core2 Group, Inc.  He has been non-executive independent director at Piramal Enterprises Ltd since April 1, 2013.  He serves on the boards of Datacard, Chicago Public Education Fund, University of Chicago Laboratory Schools, The Economic Club of Chicago, The Field Museum and Myelin Repair Foundation.  He serves as a director of TransUnion Corp. and TransUnion LLC.  He served as a director of MasterCard International Inc. (also known as MasterCard Worldwide) (formerly, MasterCard Inc.), since March 17, 2005.  He served as a director of HSBC Financial Corp.  Ltd.  He has been a director of TransUnion since April 2012.  Mehta serves on the board of international advisors for the Monterey, California, Institute of International Studies and is a member of the Financial Services Roundtable.  He also serves on the board of advisors for the Myelin Repair Foundation.  Mehta holds a Bachelor of Arts in economics from the London School of Economics and Masters of Business Administration from the University of Chicago.  He stepped down as head of the North American unit after the lender raised its forecast for bad loans in the U.S.  He is of Indian descent.
Paragraph 3: Lee Roy Mitchell founded Cinemark Inc., and served as its Chief Executive Officer from 1987 to December 2006.  Mr. Mitchell served as the President of Cinemark, Inc. from 1987 to March 1993 and Chief Executive Officer of Cinemark USA Inc., from 1987 to December 2006.  From 1985 to 1987, he served as the President and Chief Executive Officer of a predecessor corporation.  He has worked in the movie theater business almost 45 years.  Within Cinemark, he has held the positions of Chairman, Vice Chairman, Executive Director, and Director at one or more of the Cinemark subsidiaries.  He serves as a Director of Texas Capital Bank; National Association; and Dallas County Community College.  He served as a Director of Texas Capital BancShares Inc. (TX), a holding of Texas Capital Bank N.A from June 1999 to May 17, 2011.  He has served on the Board of Directors of the National Association of Theatre Owners since 1991.  He has been a Director of National CineMedia, Inc. since October 2006 and National CineMedia LLC since July 2005.  He served as a Director of Cinemark Inc. since 1987.
Paragraph 4: SpaceDev, a part of the "Space Systems Business" of Sierra Nevada Corporation, is prominent for its spaceflight and microsatellite work.  It designed and built components for the hybrid rocket motors for Paul Allen's Tier One suborbital SpaceShipOne space program operated by Scaled Composites.  It is also developing micro- and nano-satellites, a small expendable launch vehicle, the SpaceDev Streaker, and has designed a piloted suborbital and orbital spaceship of its own, the SpaceDev Dream Chaser, in collaboration with NASA.
Paragraph 5: Mike Lunsford is the chief executive officer of SK Planet, Inc., the U.S. arm of SK Planet, Ltd., a Korean-based company.  He is the former executive vice president and interim chief executive officer of RealNetworks, the former chief executive officer of Rhapsody, a joint venture between RealNetworks and Viacom, and the former president and interim chief executive officer of Earthlink.  Before joining EarthLink, Lunsford worked as a consultant at Andersen Consulting (now Accenture) in Chicago and Scott, Madden & Associates, a management consulting firm in Raleigh, North Carolina.  He received an undergraduate degree and a Masters of Business Administration (MBA) from the University of North Carolina.
Paragraph 6: David Thomas McLaughlin (March 16, 1932 – August 25, 2004) was the 14th President of Dartmouth College, 1981–1987.  McLaughlin also served as chief executive officer of Orion Safety Products from 1988 to December 31, 2000.  He was president and chief executive officer of the Aspen Institute from 1988 to 1997 and its chairman from 1987 to 1988.  He served as chairman and chief executive officer of Toro Company from 1977 to 1981, after serving in various management positions at Toro Company since 1970.  McLaughlin served as a director of CBS Corporation from 1979, becoming chairman of the board in January 1999 until the CBS merger.  He also served as a director of Infininity Broadcasting Corporation until the Infinity merger.
Paragraph 7: Jonathan Ornstein is Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Mesa Air Group, Inc., and was appointed effective May 1, 1998.  From April 1996 to his joining the company as Chief Executive Officer, Ornstein served as President and Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of Virgin Express, a European airline.  From 1995 to April 1996, Ornstein served as Chief Executive Officer of Virgin Express Holdings, Inc.  Ornstein joined Continental Express as President and Chief Executive Officer in July 1994 and, in November 1994, was named Senior Vice President, Airport Services at Continental Airlines.  Ornstein was previously employed by the company from 1988 to 1994, as Executive Vice President and as President of the company’s WestAir Holding, Inc., subsidiary.
Paragraph 8: Glen F. Post III (born October 4, 1952) is the chief executive officer and president of CenturyLink, an S&P 500 integrated communications service provider based out of Monroe, Louisiana.  He earned a bachelor's degree in accounting in 1974 at Louisiana Tech University and an MBA in 1976 at Louisiana Tech.  Post joined CenturyTel in 1976.  He was named vice president in 1982 and was promoted to senior vice president and treasurer in 1984.  He was appointed to the CenturyTel board of directors in 1985, and the following year he was promoted to senior vice president and chief financial officer.  In 1988 Post was named executive vice president and chief operating officer.  He became the president and chief operating officer of CenturyTel in 1990.  In 1992 Post was named vice chairman of the board, president, and chief executive officer.  In 2002 he was appointed chairman of the board and chief executive officer.  Since 2009 Post has served as chief executive officer and president of CenturyLink.  His honors include: Louisiana Tech College of Administration and Business Distinguished Alumni in 1991, Louisiana Tech University Tower Medallion Award in 1997 and DeGree Enterprises Lifetime Achievement Award in Business 2003.
Paragraph 9: Bradley Wayne Hughes (born September 28, 1933) is the founder and chairman of Public Storage, the largest self-storage company in America doing business as a REIT or real estate investment trust.  As of 2014, Hughes is worth $2.2 billion.  Known all his life by his middle name, B. Wayne Hughes was the company's President and Co-Chief Executive Officer from 1980 until November 1991 when he became Chairman of the Board and sole Chief Executive Officer.  He retired as Chief Executive Officer in November 2002 and remains Chairman of the Board.  He was Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer from 1990 until March 1998 of Public Storage Properties XI, Inc., which was renamed PS Business Parks, Inc. ("PSB"), an affiliated REIT.  From 1989-90 until the respective dates of merger, he was Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of 18 affiliated REITs that were merged into the Company between September 1994 and May 1998 (collectively, the "Merged Public Storage REITs").  has been active in the real estate investment field for over 30 years.
Paragraph 10: Sierra Nevada Corporation (SNC) is an American privately held electronic systems provider and systems integrator specializing in microsatellites, telemedicine, and commercial orbital transportation services.  Sierra Nevada Corporation operates under the leadership of Chief Executive Officer, Fatih Ozmen and President, Eren Ozmen.  The company contracts with the United States Armed Forces, NASA and private spaceflight companies.  It is headquartered in Sparks, Nevada.
Question: Who is the Chief Executive Officer of the corporation that owns Space Dev?
Answer:

Answer: Fatih Ozmen


Instruction: Answer the question based on the given paragraphs. Note that some paragraphs might be irrelevant.

Input:
Paragraph 1: Pratia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae, native to Asia, Australia and New Zealand.
Paragraph 2: Sutherlandia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae.
Question: Are Sutherlandia and Pratia in the same family?
Answer: no.

Paragraph 1: The History of the American League, officially known as the American League of Professional Baseball Clubs and often abbreviated AL, stretched back into the late-19th century.  Prior to 2000, when the AL and NL were dissolved as separate entities and merged into the organization called Major League Baseball, the American League was one of the two leagues that made up major league baseball.  Originally a minor league known as the Western League, the league later developed into a major league after the American Association disbanded.  In its early history, the Western League struggled until 1894, when Ban Johnson became the president of the league.  Johnson led the Western League into major league status and soon became the president of the newly renamed American League.  The American League has one notable difference over the National League, and that is the designated hitter rule.  Under the rule, a team may use a batter in their lineup who is not in the field defensively, compared to the old rule that made it mandatory for the pitcher to hit.
Paragraph 2: In baseball, the designated hitter rule is the common name for Major League Baseball Rule 5.11, adopted by the American League in 1973.  The rule allows teams to have one player, known as the designated hitter (abbreviated DH), to bat in place of the pitcher.  Since 1973, most collegiate, amateur, and professional leagues have adopted the rule or some variant.  MLB's National League and Nippon Professional Baseball's Central League are the most prominent professional leagues that do not use a designated hitter.
Paragraph 3: The Chicago White Sox are a Major League Baseball franchise based in Chicago.  They play in the American League Central division.  Pitchers for the White Sox have thrown eighteen no-hitters in franchise history.  A no-hitter is officially recognized by Major League Baseball only “when a pitcher (or pitchers) allows no hits during the entire course of a game, which consists of at least nine innings.  In a no-hit game, a batter may reach base via a walk, an error, a hit by pitch, a passed ball or wild pitch on strike three, or catcher’s interference.”  No-hitters of less than nine complete innings were previously recognized by the league as official; however, several rule alterations in 1991 changed the rule to its current form.  A no-hitter is rare enough that one team in Major League Baseball has never had a pitcher accomplish the feat.  Three perfect games, a special subcategory of no-hitter, have been pitched in White Sox history, which equals the New York Yankees for the most perfect games pitched by any MLB franchise.  As defined by Major League Baseball, “in a perfect game, no batter reaches any base during the course of the game.”  These feats were achieved by Charlie Robertson in 1922, which was the first perfect game on the road in MLB history, Mark Buehrle in 2009, and Philip Humber in 2012.
Paragraph 4: Jeared Wells "Bill" Pounds (March 11, 1878 – July 7, 1936) was a pitcher in Major League Baseball.  He appeared in just two major league games, one each for Cleveland and Brooklyn in 1903, but the only surviving images of him in a major league uniform show him with the New York Highlanders.  Bill Pounds was born in Paterson, New Jersey, and had a long career as a minor league pitcher.  His professional career began in 1899 when he pitched for both Binghamton and Paterson.  After a year out of organized baseball, he played in 1901 and 1902 for two Ilion and Utica in the New York State League.  After reportedly signing a contract to return to Utica for 1903, he was signed by Cleveland in the American League and was on their Opening Day roster.  Pounds was brought in to pitch on May 2 in the fourth inning in Chicago when the White Stockings had opened up a big lead; he gave up seven runs (six earned) on eight hits in the 16-6 loss.  On May 18 he was released by Cleveland and was signed shortly thereafter by the New York Highlanders.  Pounds was in uniform with the team when the Highlanders visited Chicago for a series May 20–22.  A photographer from the Chicago Daily News was taking pictures of the players on the teams visiting both the American League and National League ballparks, and during this visit Pounds had his image preserved for posterity.  Before the end of the month, without having appeared in a game for New York, Pounds was sent back to Cleveland, apparently because he could not come to terms on a contract.  On June 4 he was signed by Brooklyn of the National League, but he did not appear in a game until June 30.  With Pittsburg ahead 12-0 after three innings, Pounds was sent in to pitch.  He allowed five runs (four earned) in six innings on eight hits and two walks in the 17-8 loss, and gave up a long home run to Honus Wagner.  On July 3, his contract was transferred to Baltimore of the Eastern League, along with that of Hughie Jennings and three other Dodgers.  Pounds would never appear in another major league game; though his pitching record was unimpressive, he finished with a lifetime batting record of three hits in five at-bats.  Late in the 1903 season, his contract was purchased by Denver, but it is unclear whether he actually played in Colorado.  For the remainder of his minor-league career, from 1904 through 1911, he pitched for teams within a couple of hundred miles of his birth—four teams in the New York State League and two in the Tri-State League.  In the off-seasons he would sometimes pitch for the Paterson Elks team, and he continued to pitch for them after his minor-league career had ended.  According to The Sporting Life, “Pounds has speed and a rather good assortment of curves.  He has not the best control in the world.”  A few years after his career had ended, the Utica Observer described him in this way: “Bill Pounds was the champion sweater of the league.  He perspired so much that…a miniature lake (formed) around the slab.”  He died in 1936 in the city of his birth, aged 58.  Early in the 21st century, the photographic archives of the Chicago Daily News were posted online.  Although his teammates’ photographs were easily identified, the image of Pounds remained unidentified, or occasionally misidentified as Doc Adkins, for at least a decade.
Paragraph 5: The paixiao (traditional: 排簫; simplified: 排箫; pinyin: "páixiāo"; also pái xiāo, pai-hsiao, pronounced ] ) is an ancient Chinese wind instrument, a form of Pan flute.  A major difference between the Chinese Paixiao and the panpipes used in European and South American traditions, is that at the top of the Chinese instrument the pipe holes are each cut angled or with notches.  This allows for bending the pitch in similar capacity to the dongxiao down a minor second.  This allows Chinese paixiao to be fully chromatic without loss in timbre, even though the included pipes are tuned diatonically.
Paragraph 6: A defensive substitution in the game of baseball occurs when a currently non-playing player is placed into the field in place of another player, typically due either to injury or the appearance of a pinch hitter.  In the American League, a pinch hitter is usually substituted for the position player in whose place he batted (although another common substitution is pinch-hitting a utility infielder for a second baseman and subsequently switching him for the shortstop in the field while moving the shortstop over to the now-vacant second base position).  In the National League, which does not use the designated hitter rule, pinch hitters sometimes bat for pitchers. However, another common pitcher-substitution strategy in the NL is the double switch, in which a pitching change is coupled with a pinch-hitter who is also defensively substituted for a second player.
Paragraph 7: The Houston Astros (formerly known as the "Houston Colt .45s" from 1962–64) are a Major League Baseball franchise based in Houston, Texas.  Formed in 1962, they play in the American League West division (formerly in the National League Central division until 2012).  Pitchers for the Astros have thrown eleven no-hitters in franchise history.  A no-hitter is officially recognized by Major League Baseball only “when a pitcher (or pitchers) retires each batter on the opposing team during the entire course of a game, which consists of at least nine innings”.  No-hitters of less than nine complete innings were previously recognized by the league as official; however, several rule alterations in 1991 changed the rule to its current form.  A no-hitter is rare enough that one team in Major League Baseball has never had a pitcher accomplish the feat.  No perfect games, a special subcategory of no-hitter, have been thrown in Astros history.  As defined by Major League Baseball, “in a perfect game, no batter reaches any base during the course of the game.”
Paragraph 8: In baseball, batting average (AVG) is a measure of a batter's success rate in achieving a hit during an at bat.  In Major League Baseball (MLB), it is calculated by dividing a player's hits by his at bats (AB).  In MLB, a player in each league wins the "batting title" each season for having the highest batting average that year.  The American League (AL) winner is known as the "Rod Carew American League Batting Champion", while the National League (NL) leader is designated the "Tony Gwynn National League Batting Champion".  Under current rules, a player must have 3.1 plate appearances (PA) per team game (for a total of 502 over the current 162-game season) to qualify for the batting title.  However, if a player's lead in AVG is sufficiently large that enough hitless at bats can be added to reach this requirement and the player still would have the highest batting average, he wins the title.  Tony Gwynn, for example, had 159 hits in 451 ABs in 1996 (.353 average) but only 498 PAs.  Gwynn's batting average would have dropped to .349 (159 hits in 455 ABs) with four hitless ABs added to reach the 502 PA requirement, but this would still have been higher than the next-highest eligible player (.344 average), so he was awarded the 1996 NL batting title.
Paragraph 9: The Milwaukee Brewers (formerly known as the "Seattle Pilots" in 1969) are a Major League Baseball franchise based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.  Formed in 1969, they play in the National League Central division (formerly in the American League Central Division until 1997).  Juan Nieves threw the only no-hitter in franchise history on April 15, 1987.  A no-hitter is officially recognized by Major League Baseball only "when a pitcher (or pitchers) retires each batter on the opposing team during the entire course of a game, which consists of at least nine innings".  No-hitters of less than nine complete innings were previously recognized by the league as official; however, several rule alterations in 1991 changed the rule to its current form.  A no-hitter is rare enough that a Major League Baseball team, the San Diego Padres, has never had a pitcher accomplish the feat.  A perfect game, a special subcategory of no-hitter, has yet to be thrown in Brewers history.  As defined by Major League Baseball, "in a perfect game, no batter reaches any base during the course of the game."
Paragraph 10: The 1986 Major League Baseball All-Star Game was the 57th playing of the midsummer classic between the all-stars of the American League (AL) and National League (NL), the two leagues comprising Major League Baseball.  The game was held on July 15, 1986, at the Astrodome in Houston, Texas, the home of the Houston Astros of the National League.  The game resulted in the American League defeating the National League 3-2 and ended a streak where the NL won 13 of the last 14 games.  Boston Red Sox pitcher Roger Clemens was named the Most Valuable Player.
Question: What is the rule that makes a major difference between the National League and the American League that allows another player to bat for the pitcher?
Answer:

Answer: the designated hitter rule


Instruction: Answer the question based on the given paragraphs. Note that some paragraphs might be irrelevant.

Input:
Paragraph 1: Pratia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae, native to Asia, Australia and New Zealand.
Paragraph 2: Sutherlandia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae.
Question: Are Sutherlandia and Pratia in the same family?
Answer: no.

Paragraph 1: Toland is an unincorporated community in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, United States.  The very small village is located on Pine Grove Road, east of Mountain Creek Campground.  Michaux State Forest, the site of Laurel Lake, Fuller Lake and Pine Grove Furnace State Park lie a few miles to the west near the intersection of Pine Grove Road and PA route 233.  Toland has a mailing address of Gardners Pennsylvania, because the size of the community doesn't warrant a post-office, nor an official incorporated name.  What is now a sand pit operation was originally a clay bank mining operation that was the reason for the location of the village of Toland.  Less than 50 people reside in the close-knit community, which was built for the clay bank company workers in the first quarter of the 20th century.  The original community of Toland, Pennsylvania consisted of 11 duplex houses, built side by side along Pine Grove Road, with less than 0.17 of an acre of land to each.  Additional homes have been built since.  When the community was originally built there was only a common well with a hand pump for all of the families to draw from.  Toland is less than 1/4 of a mile long, and it is located less than half a mile from the Appalachian trail crossing.  The closest town is Mount Holly Springs, Pennsylvania located (3 miles north of Toland).  The village is roughly 10 miles south of Carlisle, Pennsylvania, 7 miles south east of Boiling Springs, Pennsylvania, and 15 miles South of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.  The only business in Toland is the Cherokee Campground formerly known as the Tagg Run Campground.  The campground restaurant is now closed.  Toland Mission is a small non-denominational church that can hold up to 74 persons.  It was originally built by the owner of Beetem Lumber Company in Carlisle for the families of the community of Toland.  A one-room school house near the church originally served the community, but it was converted to a home when residents' children were transported to a township school.  Local people in Toland usually travel to the town of Mount Holly Springs for necessities such as gas, food, and toiletries.
Paragraph 2: Groom Lake is a salt flat in Nevada used for runways of the Nellis Bombing Range Test Site airport (KXTA).  It is located immediately north of the Area 51 USAF installation.  The lake at 4409 ft elevation is approximately 3.7 mi from north to south and 3 mi from east to west at its widest point, and is approximately 11.3 miles in circumference.  Located within the namesake Groom Lake Valley portion of the Tonopah Basin, the lake is 25 mi south of Rachel, Nevada.
Paragraph 3: Rachel is a census-designated place (CDP) in Lincoln County, Nevada, United States.  As of the 2010 census it had a population of 54.  As the closest habitation to the Nellis Air Force Range and Area 51, Rachel enjoys a modest celebrity, particularly among aviation enthusiasts and UFO hunters.  North of the town is the Quinn Canyon Range, which has the ghost town of Adaven.
Paragraph 4: The Groom Range is a mountain range in Lincoln County, Nevada.  It is located within the Nevada Test and Training Range, north of Groom Dry Lake.  The highest point in the Groom Range is 9,249 feet.  The Groom Range is situated 26.6 miles north of the dry Groom Lake.
Paragraph 5: The San Gabriel River is a river that flows through central Texas.  The San Gabriel River is formed in Georgetown, Texas by the confluence of the North Fork San Gabriel and the South Fork San Gabriel, both of which originate in Burnet County.  There are two major impoundments of the river: Lake Georgetown along the North Fork, and Granger Lake, about 25 miles (40 km) below the confluence.  Both are U.S. Army Corps of Engineers impoundments.  The San Gabriel River joins the Little River five miles south of Cameron when then meets the Brazos River northwest of College Station.  There is a city park in Georgetown at the confluence of the North and South Forks, with a well-known local swimming spot (the "Blue Hole") located just upriver from the confluence on the South Fork.
Paragraph 6: Tonopah Test Range (TTR), is a restricted military installation located about 30 mi southeast of Tonopah, Nevada.  It is part of the northern fringe of the Nellis Range, measuring 625 sqmi .  Tonopah Test Range is located about 70 mi northwest of Groom Dry Lake, the home of the Area 51 facility.  Like the Groom Lake facility, Tonopah is a site of interest to conspiracy theorists, mostly for its use of experimental and classified aircraft.  As such, it is not the focus of alien enthusiasts, unlike its neighbor.  It is currently used for nuclear weapons stockpile reliability testing, research and development of fusing and firing systems, and testing nuclear weapon delivery systems.  The airspace comprises restricted area R-4809 of the Nevada Test and Training Range and is often used for military training.
Paragraph 7: Colne is a town and civil parish in Lancashire, England, six miles north-east of Burnley, 25 miles east of Preston, 25 miles north of Manchester and 30 miles west of Leeds.  It is a market town and the cross allowing a market to be held there dates to the 15th century.  The cross was originally in the Parish Church yard, but has been relocated in Market St, the main road through the town centre.
Paragraph 8: Papoose Lake is a dry lake bed located in Lincoln County, Nevada, USA.  The lake lies within the plot of land referred to as the Groom Lake facility (aka Area 51) and is a restricted area.  The lake is located a few miles southwest of the Groom lake facility nestled adjacent the Papoose Range.
Paragraph 9: Garrard County ( ;) is a county located in the U.S. state of Kentucky.  As of the 2010 census, the population was 16,912.  Its county seat is Lancaster.  The county was formed in 1796 and was named for James Garrard, Governor of Kentucky from 1796 to 1804.  It is a prohibition or dry county but Lancaster is wet.  Lancaster was founded as a settlement of log cabins in 1776 at a springs that later provided a constant source of water to early pioneers.  It is one of the oldest cities in the Commonwealth.  Boonesborough, 25 miles to the east, was founded by Daniel Boone in 1775.  Lexington, 28 miles to the north, was founded in 1775.  Stanford, originally known as St. Asaph, is 10 miles south of Lancaster.  It too was founded in 1775.  The oldest permanent settlemenet in Kentucky, Harrodsburg, was founded in 1774 and is 18 miles to the west.  The present day courthouse is one of the oldest courthouses in Kentucky in continuous use.
Paragraph 10: The Nashville Terminal Subdivision is a railroad line owned by CSX Transportation in the U.S. State of Tennessee.  The Subdivision is broken up into 5 sections all in Nashville, Tennessee.  The northern part of the Terminal is in Madison, Tennessee at milepost 000/0BA 174 on the southern end of the Ex-L&N Mainline Subdivision at Monfort.  Disptach for the Mainline Sub is known as "LD" which is part of the Cincinnati Division.  From here in Madison begins the double track that stays for another 22 miles south to Brentwood, Tennessee.  At milepost 000/0BA/00H 176.6, the famous Johnny Cash "Amqui" location where the Ex-L&N Evansville, Indiana line, the Henderson Subdivision meets with the Terminal.  Dispatch for the Henderson Sub is known as "SA" and operates on AAR58.  There are two crossings near each other, Williams Ave and Nesbitt Lane at Amqui.  From here the Terminal goes south about 2 miles to the Nashville National Cemetery to the first major location, known as Ekin, 000179, where there is a cross over track from number 1 to number 2 track (left to right track).  There is also the first EDD (Defect Detector) at 000179.1.  Few more miles southward, the next major location appears.  At 000181.0, Maplewood is a major location for the Terminal.  From here the regular Terminal goes south to swap crews at Kayne Ave, and the right side, Radnor Cutoff, detours the city and gives yard departures and arrivals direct access to and from Radnor yard to cities like Louisville and Chicago.  The Cutoff runs from Maplewood to Shelby Park double track.  From Shebly the track converges into one to pass the historic Shelby bridge, then it opens back to double track.  From there, the cutoff hits the Intermediates at 0BA187.0 known as Chicken Pike.  The Radnor Cutoff carries the L&N mainline classification of "0BA" but meets the main at the same milepost from the Terminal.  At Chicken Pike, trains are staged to await arrival to Radnor yard.  Once they get clearance, speed is decreased to 15, and at 0BA188.1 the EDD (Defect Detector) sounds for departures and arrivals.  This location is known as North Radnor.  The right track diverging from the #2 is known as A-1, it is for departure trains to Chattanooga and Atlanta.  The left track which goes west from the #1 is known as A-2, and serves as a departure track to Memphis, and if the cutoff is out of service, all northbound departures.  The interesting piece of Maplewood is the crossovers that are there to move trains from the Cutoff to the Main.  Both lines remain double track for a while.  The main runs south for 2 more miles until the Intermediate signals at 000183.0.  Commonly trains will stop before Delmas Ave when Kayne Ave is at capacity and await dispatch permission before moving south.  From here, the main continues south until the CR Cumberland River Swingbridge, where the main converges into a single track shortly to cross the bridge.  At this point, trains had been running at track speed of around 40.  From the drawbridge into town, speed is reduced to around 10.  After the bridge is passed, the main returns to double track in downtown.  On the #1 track about a half a mile south, another connecting track is present.  This is the Wye track that connects the main with the Bruceton side, while rarely used for mainline trains, locals and river jobs use it.  The location is known as 8th Avenue or 8th Avenue Wye.  The main then runs down to Kayne Ave, the central hotbed of all Nashville thru traffic.  The Memphis, Tennessee Ex-L&N Bruceton Subdivision meets with the Terminal.  The Bruceton Sub begins at Church Street at 00N0.0.  The line then runs single track until 00N0.7 "11th Avenue" where it turns into double track and also meets the aforementioned, Wye track.  The Bruceton line then goes southwest a while to the next signals, at "Shops".  Now speed has been increased.  The line is still double track until "Sellars", where speed is increased to 40 and jurisdiction transferred to the SD Dispatcher.  For a short time, 4 main tracks are present and an additional fifth track for switchers and yard movements.  The tracks from left to right in Kayne Ave are as follows: 100, 99, 98, 12, 3.  The Kayne Ave yard is also here in this area, which houses some frieght and some switcher engines.  The tracks to the old shed are covered and removed.  The Union Station is not an active station, but a historic hotel.  Crew change usually occurs at the "walkway" which is under the Demombreun St bridge by the Kayne Ave Tower.  This is also where the Ex-NC&StL Chattanooga Subdivision begins.  Then tracks run south to Fogg St/South End where things get complicated.  At milepost 000/0BA/00J187 the 98 track merges into the 12 track, making for 3 tracks now.  There is a crossover from 99 to 12, also a crossover from 12 to 3.  About 2/10ths of a mile down the 99 merges into the 12 track reducing the tracks back to the regular double.  About 4/10ths of a mile down the line from Fogg St, 000187.4, Oak St, is a crossover track from #2 to #1 (the track names are no longer 3 and 12, but are back to regular names).  When trains use this crossover northbound, such as Memphis bound trains from the A-2 line, they refer to it as "Long Lead".  And now, the Terminal splits into two parts.  The right side turns into a single track shortly, and will become the Chattanooga Subdivision, and the left side runs south to Brentwood.  The right track runs single shortly until double track for a while.  This begins part of the Chattanooga Sub or J-Line.  The #2 meets with the A-2 connection track at 00J2.2 known as A-2.  Speed is now increased to 40.  Commonly northbounds will stage at 4th Ave on the #1 to await clearance.  Now about a mile down the #1 meets the A-1 connection line.  At 00J3.6 known as A-1.  Further down the double track ends at Glencliff (00J4.9).  Now it runs single for three miles until it hits Danley, which has the D Line connection track, which is an arrival track for incoming Radnor trains from the J Line.  At Danley, the Terminal ends but the same dispatcher handles traffic, "SC".  At Oak Street, our main terminal line goes south two miles to 000189.0 known as Criaghead or Vine Hill.  There is a crossover here from #1 to #2 track.  And there is also a connection/delivery track to the Nashville and Eastern Railroad which connects the Tennessee Central Railroad Museum to a major railroad.  Trains sometimes stop on the #2 before Craighead if they are waiting to enter Radnor yard.  Sometimes trains wait on the #1 at the Berry Road crossing if they await arrival to Kayne Ave. At this point, speed has been increased to 30 from 10.  Moving south, the line hits Radnor Yard at 000192.  The #2 track meets the E-Line arrival track which most Memphis trains and locals use.  The B-Line which meets the #1 track is used for departures out of the C yard and local jobs.  At Mayton, 000192.3, the B line meets the #1 track, and there is a crossover track from #2 to #1.  Speed is now at 40.  2 miles south, at 000194.0, South Radnor, the next intersection is present.  This is where the Radnor A yard meets the main.  There is a single departure/arrival track that meets the #2 track along with a crossover from #1 to #2 track.  Commonly, the #2 track south of the signals is used to halt trains.  This location is known as TVA, because of the power station that is adjacent.  From here the Terminal runs about 2.5 miles south until we hit the southern tip.  The tracks converge onto one single main, at 000/0BA196.6 known as Brentwood.  Speed is increased to 50 and jurisdiction to the S.E. dispatcher.  The right track is the main, S&NA North, while the left track is the Nashville Subdivision which runs to Columbia and exchanges freight with the TSRR.  The Nashville Terminal Subdivision is one of the busiest locations on the CSX network, and one of the most important.
Question: What is 25 miles south of Groom Lake?
Answer:

Answer: Rachel, Nevada


Instruction: Answer the question based on the given paragraphs. Note that some paragraphs might be irrelevant.

Input:
Paragraph 1: Pratia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae, native to Asia, Australia and New Zealand.
Paragraph 2: Sutherlandia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae.
Question: Are Sutherlandia and Pratia in the same family?
Answer: no.

Paragraph 1: The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster with its headquarters at Broadcasting House in London.  The BBC is the world's oldest national broadcasting organisation and the largest broadcaster in the world by number of employees.  It employs over 20,950 staff in total, 16,672 of whom are in public sector broadcasting.  The total number of staff is 35,402 when part-time, flexible, and fixed contract staff are included.
Paragraph 2: HyperNormalisation is a 2016 BBC documentary by British filmmaker Adam Curtis.  In the film, Curtis argues that since the 1970s, governments, financiers, and technological utopians have given up on the complex "real world" and built a simple "fake world" that is run by corporations and kept stable by politicians.  The film was released on 16 October 2016 on the BBC iPlayer.
Paragraph 3: The One Total Home Experience, stylized THE One, is a furniture retail company founded by Swedish entrepreneur and philanthropist Thomas Lundgren.  As of December 2014, the home fashion brand has a total of 18 stores across the Middle East and North Africa in Bahrain, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Qatar, Tunisia and the United Arab Emirates, with a total staff complement of over 700.
Paragraph 4: Strafing is the military practice of attacking ground targets from low-flying aircraft using aircraft-mounted automatic weapons ranging from machine guns (5mm to 20mm) to autocannons or rotary cannons (typically 20mm to 37mm).  This means that, although ground attack using automatic weapons fire is very often accompanied with bombing or rocket fire, the term "strafing" does not specifically include the last two.  The term "strafing" can cover either fixed guns, or aimable (flexible) guns.  Fixed guns firing directly ahead tend to be more predominant on fixed wing aircraft, while helicopters tend to use aimable weapons which can be fired in many different directions independent of the direction the aircraft is pointing in (in most cases, flexible guns on a fixed wing aircraft are for defense purposes only, although they can sometimes be used to fire on ground targets to limited effect).  Some fixed wing aircraft, like fighter-bombers, are capable of flying either air-combat missions or ground attack missions (P-47 Thunderbolt), while others are dedicated ground-attack types (Il-2 Shturmovik).  In cases where an aircraft is capable of both types of combat, when it is assigned to a ground attack role, and thus expected to be using the guns mostly for strafing, the fixed weapons are often mounted so that the convergence point is lower and at a greater range than would be used for air combat.  This is helpful because it allows the pilot to aim at a target without having to dive towards the ground as steeply, decreasing the risk of collision with the ground and increasing the amount of firing time available before having to pull up, and it also increases the range from the target, helping avoid anti-aircraft fire and potential damage from exploding targets.  Because of the low altitude and relatively low airspeed required for accurate strafing, it is very risky for the pilot, who is exposed not only to the risk of flight-into-terrain and obstacles such as power lines, but also to anti-aircraft weapons, including surface-to-air missiles (both vehicle mounted and hand-held), anti-aircraft artillery and small caliber weapons fire (such as machine guns and small arms).  Planes purposely designed for ground attack may include additional armour around and underneath the cockpit and other vulnerable areas such as engines to protect the pilot and key flight components, while aircraft designed mostly for air combat tend to have most of their armor placed to protect directly ahead or to the rear, where fire from other aircraft is most likely, leaving them more vulnerable to fire from directly below or to the sides, where much ground fire often comes from.
Paragraph 5: The European Chemical Industry Council or Cefic (from its former French name "Conseil Européen des Fédérations de l'Industrie Chimique") is the main European trade association for the chemical industry.  It was founded in 1959, and its history follows through the creation of the European Union.  Its headquarters are located in Brussels.  Cefic represents 29,000 large, medium and small chemical companies in Europe, interacting on behalf of their members with international and EU institutions, non-governmental organisations, the international media, and other stakeholders.  Chemicals companies in the European Union employ a total staff of about 1.2 million.
Paragraph 6: St. Lucie County Public Schools is the branding for St. Lucie County School District, which is the school district that manages schools in St. Lucie County, Florida, USA.  Whereas, the total staff in the district consists of over 6,500 teachers and 2,300 administration staff.
Paragraph 7: Stour Valley Community School is a coeducational free school for pupils aged 11 to 16 in Clare in the English county of Suffolk.  The school opened in September 2011 as one of the first 24 free schools in England.  The school opened with around 170 pupils and a total staff of 29, including non-teaching support staff.  The headteacher is Christine Inchley.
Paragraph 8: The Daily Dot is a digital media company covering Internet culture and life on the web.  Founded by Nicholas White in 2011, "The Daily Dot" is headquartered in Austin, Texas with offices in New York City and San Francisco.  It had a full-time staff of 76 in addition to 222 freelance contributors in early 2016 before laying off 40% of its total staff in September 2016.
Paragraph 9: Loan modification is the systematic alteration of mortgage loan agreements that help those having problems making the payments by reducing interest rates, monthly payments or principal balances.  Lending institutions could make one or more of these changes to relieve financial pressure on borrowers to prevent the condition of foreclosure.  Loan modifications have been practiced in the United States since The 2008 Crash Of The Housing Market from Washington Mutual, Chase Home Finance, Chase, JP Morgan & Chase, other contributors like MER's.  Crimes of Mortgage ad Real Estate Staff had long assisted nd finally the squeaky will could not continue as their deviant practices broke the state and crashed.  Modification owners either ordered by The United States Department of Housing, The United States IRS or President Obamas letters from Note Holders came to those various departments asking for the Democratic process to help them keep their homes and protection them from explosion.  Thus the birth of Modifications.  It is yet to date for clarity how theses enforcements came into existence and except b whom, but t is certain that note holders form the Midwest reached out in the Democratic Process for assistance.  FBI Mortgage Fraud Department came into existence.  Modifications HMAP HARP were also birthed to help note holders get Justice through reduced mortgage by making terms legal.  Modification of mortgage terms was introduced by IRS staff addressing the crisis called the HAMP TEAMS that went across the United States desiring the new products to assist homeowners that were victims of predatory lending practices, unethical staff, brokers, attorneys and lenders that contributed to the crash.  Modification were a fix to the crash as litigation has ensued as the lenders reorganized and renamed the lending institutions and government agencies are to closely monitor them.  Prior to modifications loan holders that experiences crisis would use Loan assumptions and Loan transfers to keep the note in the 1930s.  During the Great Depression, loan transfers, loan assumption, and loan bail out programs took place at the state level in an effort to reduce levels of loan foreclosures while the Federal Bureau of Investigation, Federal Trade Commission, Comptroller, the United States Government and State Government responded to lending institution violations of law in these arenas by setting public court records that are legal precedence of such illegal actions.  The legal precedents and reporting agencies were created to address the violations of laws to consumers while the Modifications were created to assist the consumers that are victims of predatory lending practices.  During the so-called "Great Recession" of the early 21st century, loan modification became a matter of national policy, with various actions taken to alter mortgage loan terms to prevent further economic destabilization.  Due to absorbent personal profits nothing has been done to educate Homeowners or Creditors that this money from equity, escrow is truly theirs the Loan Note Holder and it is their monetary rights as the real prize and reason for the Housing Crash was the profit n obtaining the mortgage holders Escrow.  The Escrow and Equity that is accursed form the Note Holders payments various staff through the United States claimed as recorded and cashed by all staff in real-estate from local residential Tax Assessing Staff, Real Estate Staff, Ordinance Staff, Police Staff, Brokers, attorneys, lending institutional staff but typically Attorneys who are also typically the owners or Rental properties that are trained through Bankruptcies'.  that collect the Escrow that is rightfully the Homeowners but because most Homeowners are unaware of what money is due them and how they can loose their escrow.  Most Creditors are unaware that as the note holder that the Note Holder are due a annual or semi annual equity check and again bank or other lending and or legal intuitions staff claim this monies instead.  This money Note Holders were unaware of is the prize of real estate and the cause of the Real Estate Crash of 2008 where Lending Institutions provided mortgages to people years prior they know they would eventually loose with Loan holders purchasing Balloon Mortgages lending product that is designed to make fast money off the note holder whom is always typically unaware of their escrow, equity and that are further victimized by conferences and books on HOW TO MAKE MONEY IN REAL STATE - when in fact the money is the Note Holder.  The key of the crash was not the House, but the loan product used and the interest and money that was accrued form the note holders that staff too immorally.  The immoral and illegal actions of predatory lending station and their staff began with the inception of balloon mortgages although illegal activity has always existed in the arena, yet the crash created "Watch Dog" like HAMP TEAM, IRS, COMPTROLLER< Federal Trade Commission Consumer Protection Bureau, FBI, CIA, Local Police Department, ICE ( The FBI online Computer crime division receives and investigates computer crimes that record keeping staff from title companies, lending institutional staff, legal staff and others created fraudulent documents to change payments and billing of note holders to obtain the money note holders are typically unaware of) and other watch dog agencies came into existence to examine if houses were purchased through a processed check at Government Debited office as many obtained free homes illegally.  Many were incarcerated for such illegal actions.  Modifications fixed the Notes to proper lower interest, escrow, tax fees that staff typically raised for no reason.  Many people from various arenas involved in reals estate have been incarcerated for these actions as well as other illegal actions like charging for a modification.  Additionally Modifications were also made to address the falsifications such as inappropriate mortgage charges, filing of fraudulently deeds, reporting of and at times filing of fraudulent mortgages that were already paid off that were fraudulently continued by lenders staff and attorneys or brokers or anyone in the Real Estate Chain through the issues of real estate terms to continue to violate United States Laws, contract law and legal precedence where collusion was often done again to defraud and steal from the Note Holder was such a common practice that was evidence as to why the Mortgage Crash in 2008 occurred for the purpose of wining the prize of stealing form Homeowners and those that foreclosed was actually often purposefully for these monies note holders were unaware of to be obtained which was why Balloon mortgages and loans were given to the staff in the Real Estate Market with the hoper and the expectation that the loan holders would default as it offered opportunity to commit illegal transactions of obtaining the homeowners funds.  While such scams were addressed through modifications in 2008.  The Market relied heavily on Consumers ignorance to prosper, ignorance of real estate terms, ignorance on what they were to be charged properly for unethical financial gain and while staff in real estates lending arenas mingled terms to deceive y deliberate confusion consumers out of cash and homes while the USA Government provided Justice through President Obamas Inception and IRS Inception of Modifications which addressed these unethical profits in Reals Estate.  It was in 2009 that HARP, HAMP and Modifications were introduced to stop the victimization of Note Holders.  Taking on the Banks that ran USA Government was a great and dangerous undertaking that made America Great Again as Justice for Consumers reigned.  Legal action taken against institutions that have such business practices can be viewed in State Code of Law and Federal Law on precedent cases that are available to the public.  Finally, It had been unlawful to be charged by an attorney to modify as well as fro banking staff to modify terms to increase a mortgage and or change lending product to a balloon in an concerted effort to make homeowner foreclose which is also illegal, computer fraud and not the governments intended purpose or definition of a modification.
Paragraph 10: Flextime (also spelled flexitime [British English], flex-time) is a flexible hours schedule that allows workers to alter workday start and finish times.  In contrast to traditional work arrangements that require employees to work a standard 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. day, flextime typically involves a "core" period of the day during which employees are required to be at work (e.g., between 11 a.m. and 3 p.m.), and a "bandwidth" period within which all required hours must be worked (e.g., between 5:30 a.m. and 7:30 p.m.).  The working day outside of the "core" period is "flexible time", in which employees can choose when they work, subject to achieving total daily, weekly or monthly hours within the "bandwidth" period set by employers, and subject to the necessary work being done .  The total working time required of employees on flextime schedules is the same as that required under traditional work schedules.  A flextime policy allows staff to determine when they will work, while a flexplace policy allows staff to determine where they will work.  Advantages include allowing employees to coordinate their work hours with public transport schedules, with the schedules of their children, and with daily traffic patterns to avoid high congestion times such as rush hour.  Some claim that flexible working will change the nature of the way we work.
Question: How many total staff (including part-time, flexible, and fixed contract staff) does the broadcaster, who released HyperNormalisation, employ?
Answer:

Answer: 35,402