Instruction: Answer the question based on the given paragraphs. Note that some paragraphs might be irrelevant.

Input:
Paragraph 1: Pratia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae, native to Asia, Australia and New Zealand.
Paragraph 2: Sutherlandia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae.
Question: Are Sutherlandia and Pratia in the same family?
Answer: no.

Paragraph 1: Kurt Vonnegut Jr. ( ; November 11, 1922April 11, 2007) was an American writer.  In a career spanning over 50 years, Vonnegut published 14 novels, three short story collections, five plays, and five works of non-fiction.  He is most famous for his darkly satirical, best-selling novel "Slaughterhouse-Five" (1969).
Paragraph 2: José María Gironella Pous (31 December 1917 in Darnius – 3 January 2003 in Arenys de Mar) was a Spanish author best known for his fictional work "The Cypresses Believe in God" ("Los cipreses creen en Dios"), which was published in Spain in 1953 and translated into English by Harriet de Onís in 1955.  The book is a novel in two parts, and is the first novel of four, written from a Roman Catholic viewpoint, by its Catholic author, who had been educated in a seminary — but whose approach is notable for its even-handedness and fair assessment of the many nuances and subtleties among all factions on the eve of war.  The story is set in Girona, a city in eastern Catalonia, and follows the life of a family, from 1931 until the Spanish Civil War breaks out in 1936.  The protagonist is the son of an atheist from Madrid, who is married to a devout Basque woman, and has a younger brother and sister also caught up in the conflict.  In a sequel to "Cypresses", "One Million Dead" ("Un millón de muertos"), translated by Joan MacLean, Gironella follows the Alvear family through the war.  The next novel is "Peace after War", published in English in 1969, and was also translated by MacLean.  The fourth novel, Los hombres lloran solos (Men cry alone), has not been translated and published in English.
Paragraph 3: Little Big Man is a 1964 novel by American author Thomas Berger.  Often described as a satire or parody of the western genre, the book is a modern example of picaresque fiction.  Berger made use of a large volume of overlooked first-person primary materials, such as diaries, letters, and memoirs, to fashion a wide-ranging and entertaining tale that comments on alienation, identity, and perceptions of reality.  Easily Berger's best known work, "Little Big Man" was made into a popular film by Arthur Penn.  It has been called "Berger's response to the great American myth of the frontier, representing as it does most of the central traditions of American literature."
Paragraph 4: Hugh Gallagher is an author and musician from New York City.  He is best known for his satire, including his band Von Von Von, his award-winning satire on the college application essay, "3A Essay", and the novel "Teeth".
Paragraph 5: The Magic Christian is a 1959 comic novel by American author Terry Southern (1924–1995) about an odd billionaire who spends most of his time playing elaborate practical jokes on people.  It is known for bringing Southern to the attention of filmmaker Stanley Kubrick, who had received a copy as a gift from Peter Sellers, and subsequently hired him as co-writer for "Dr. Strangelove" (1964) when Kubrick decided to make that film a black comedy/satire, rather than a straightforward thriller.  In 1969, "The Magic Christian" was made into a film starring Peter Sellers and Ringo Starr; the story was much altered and relocated from New York City to London.
Paragraph 6: Joanna Russ (February 22, 1937 – April 29, 2011) was an American writer, academic and radical feminist.  She is the author of a number of works of science fiction, fantasy and feminist literary criticism such as "How to Suppress Women's Writing", as well as a contemporary novel, "On Strike Against God", and one children's book, "Kittatinny".  She is best known for "The Female Man", a novel combining utopian fiction and satire, and the story "When It Changed".
Paragraph 7: The Satyricon, or Satyricon "liber" ("The Book of Satyrlike Adventures"), is a Latin work of fiction believed to have been written by Gaius Petronius, though the manuscript tradition identifies the author as a certain Titus Petronius.  The Satyricon is an example of Menippean satire, which is very different from the formal verse satire of Juvenal or Horace.  The work contains a mixture of prose and verse (commonly known as "prosimetrum"); serious and comic elements; and erotic and decadent passages.  As with the "Metamorphoses" (also called "The Golden Ass") of Apuleius, classical scholars often describe it as a "Roman novel", without necessarily implying continuity with the modern literary form.
Paragraph 8: Jaroslav Hašek (] ; April 30, 1883 – January 3, 1923) was a Czech writer, humorist, satirist, journalist, bohemian and anarchist.  He is best known for his novel "The Good Soldier Švejk", an unfinished collection of farcical incidents about a soldier in World War I and a satire on the ineptitude of authority figures.  The novel has been translated into about 60 languages, making it the most translated novel in Czech literature.  He is also known as the Obscure Czech Writer.
Paragraph 9: Claudia Durst Johnson is a literary scholar best known for her work on the novel "To Kill a Mockingbird", introducing the idea of the novel's gothicism and gothic satire.  In the process of her research she befriended the author, Harper Lee.  When the city of Chicago organized a One City One Book program in 2001 based on "To Kill a Mockingbird", Lee was unavailable to speak, so Johnson was invited to Chicago to present the book to the city.
Paragraph 10: Armageddon in Retrospect is a collection of short stories and essays about war and peace written by Kurt Vonnegut.  It is the first posthumous collection of his previously unpublished writings.  The book includes an introduction by Mark Vonnegut, a letter from Kurt to his family about his experiences as an American prisoner of war in Nazi Germany, and the fire-bombing of Dresden.  Like many of Vonnegut's other books, "Armageddon in Retrospect" is laden with handwritten quotations and rough drawings by the author.
Question: Armageddon in Retrospect was written by the author who was best known for what 1969 satire novel?
Answer:

Answer: Slaughterhouse-Five


Instruction: Answer the question based on the given paragraphs. Note that some paragraphs might be irrelevant.

Input:
Paragraph 1: Pratia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae, native to Asia, Australia and New Zealand.
Paragraph 2: Sutherlandia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae.
Question: Are Sutherlandia and Pratia in the same family?
Answer: no.

Paragraph 1: The General Campaign Star (French: "Étoile de campagne générale" ) is a campaign medal created in 2004 by the Canadian monarch-in-Council to recognize members of the Canadian Armed Forces who had directly participated in any military campaign under Canadian or allied command.  It is, within the Canadian system of honours, the sixth highest of the war and operational service medals.
Paragraph 2: The 'Burbs is a 1989 American comedy thriller film directed by Joe Dante starring Tom Hanks, Bruce Dern, Carrie Fisher, Rick Ducommun, Corey Feldman, Wendy Schaal and Henry Gibson.  The film was written by Dana Olsen, who also has a cameo in the movie.  The film pokes fun at suburban environments and their eccentric dwellers.
Paragraph 3: Samantha Hall (born July 14, 1992) better known by her ring name Bambi Hall is a Canadian female professional wrestler who debuted on June 18, 2011, and for All Star Wrestling (ASW), in June 2012 currently working for All Star Wrestling, and is the current Women's Champion.  Hall also works for other Canadian independent promotions including Canadian National Wrestling Alliance (CNWA), Big West Wrestling (BWW), Beauty Slammers Wrestling (BSW), Canadian Wrestling's Elite (CWE), Wise Pro Wrestling (WPW), Elite Canadian Championship Wrestling (ECCW), Real Canadian Wrestling (RCW), Vancouver Island Pro Wrestling (VIPW), Pure Wrestling Association (PWA), Monster Pro Wrestling (MPW), Trash Wrestling, Pure Power Wrestling (PPW), Tony Condello Promotions (TCP), Gold Dragon Wrestling (GDW), and Midget Wrestling Warrirors (MWW), as well Hall has also competed in the United States in SHIMMER Women Athletes, West Coast Wrestling Connection (WCWC), and Vendetta Pro Wrestling (VPW), in Las Vegas, Nevada.
Paragraph 4: The Royal Canadian Artillery Museum, Canada’s National Artillery Museum, is a museum dedicated to telling the complete story of the more than 200,000 Canadian Gunners who have served Canada in war and peace since 1855.  The museum is Canada’s National Artillery Museum, a Manitoba Star Attraction and one of the largest military museums in Canada.The Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery (RCA) has been a part of the fabric of Canadian history since the earliest days of our nation.  In 1962, the RCA Museum was established at Canadian Forces Base Shilo in order to preserve and interpret this proud heritage for future generations.
Paragraph 5: Richard "Rick" Ducommun (July 3, 1952 – June 12, 2015) was a Canadian actor, comedian and writer who appeared in films and television.
Paragraph 6: When You Can Fly is the second studio album by Canadian country music artist Victoria Banks and her first album with record label distribution, which earned Banks a 2010 Canadian Indie Award nomination and six nominations at the 2009 Canadian Country Music Awards including Album of the Year, Single of the Year ("The Wheel"), Songwriter of the Year ("The Wheel"), Female Artist of the Year and Rising Star.  The album was self-produced by Banks, also earning her a nomination for Producer of the Year.  It was released on April 14, 2009 by On Ramp Records/EMI Canada.  The album's first single "The Wheel," earned a 2010 Canadian Radio Music Award nomination.  Subsequent singles included "When You Can Fly," "Kiss Me, "This Old Halo" and "Don't Leave the Leavin'."  Music videos for "The Wheel" and "When You Can Fly" received airplay on CMT Canada.
Paragraph 7: "Love Can't Wait" is a song by American singer-songwriter Nick Carter, released as the lead Canadian single from his second studio album, "I'm Taking Off".  The single was released on June 21, 2011.  The song only appears on the Canadian version of the album, and has not been released in any other territories.  The music video for the song features Carter performing the song with the backdrop of a motorway system.  The music video also featured Canadian pop star Shawn Desman, who co-wrote the song.  The single peaked at #2 on the Canadian Singles Chart, based entirely on download sales.  Carter ran a competition for amateur mixers to remix the track, with the winning remixer earning $1500 and their remix appearing on Carter's remix album, "I'm Taking Off: Relaunched and Remixed".
Paragraph 8: Super Star is the fourth studio album by Taiwanese girl group S.H.E.  It was released on 22 August 2003.  Ella suffered a back injury during the shooting of a television show one month before the album was released.  Because of this, Ella is absent from some of the music videos.  As of 2006, the single "Super Star" from this album has been S.H.E's biggest hit.  German producer Roberto "Geo" Rosan and vocalist Jade Villalon, as Sweetbox, composed "Super Star" for S.H.E during the sessions for Sweetbox's Adagio, and they also released their own English version as a single at the time.  In 2004, Canadian singer Skye Sweetnam re-recorded "Super Star" as "Superstar".
Paragraph 9: Kenneth Joel "Kenny" Hotz is a Canadian comedy writer, producer, director, actor and comedian.  Hotz is a "South Park" consultant and writer, creator/star of the Comedy Central television show "Kenny vs. Spenny", creator and writer of the FX series "Testees", and the creator/star of "Kenny Hotz's Triumph of the Will".  He has received numerous awards for his television work— from the Academy of Canadian Cinema & Television the Gemini Awards and the Canadian Comedy Awards—and is a multiple-time film festival award-winner.  He is also an award-winning "Vice" contributor and Gulf war photo-journalist.
Paragraph 10: Carrie Frances Fisher (October 21, 1956 – December 27, 2016) was an American actress, writer, and humorist.  Fisher was known for playing Princess Leia in the "Star Wars" films; a role for which she was nominated for three Saturn Awards.  Her other film roles included "Shampoo" (1975), "The Blues Brothers" (1980), "Hannah and Her Sisters" (1986), "The 'Burbs" (1989), "When Harry Met Sally..." (1989), "Soapdish" (1991) and "The Women" (2008 film).  She was nominated twice for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series for her performances on the television series "30 Rock" and "Catastrophe".  She was posthumously made a Disney Legend in 2017.
Question: What star if the Burbs was Canadian?
Answer:

Answer: Richard "Rick" Ducommun


Instruction: Answer the question based on the given paragraphs. Note that some paragraphs might be irrelevant.

Input:
Paragraph 1: Pratia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae, native to Asia, Australia and New Zealand.
Paragraph 2: Sutherlandia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae.
Question: Are Sutherlandia and Pratia in the same family?
Answer: no.

Paragraph 1: The English general election, 1679 (October) again returned a majority of members in favour of Exclusion.  Consequently, this parliament was known as the Exclusion Bill Parliament.  It did not assemble until 21 October 1680, and was dissolved three months later on 18 January 1681.
Paragraph 2: The English general election, 1695 was the first to be held under the terms of the Triennial Act of 1694, which required parliament to be dissolved and fresh elections called at least every three years.  This measure helped to fuel partisan rivalry over the coming decades, with the electorate in a constant state of excitement and the Whigs and Tories continually trying to gain the upper hand.  Despite the potential for manipulation of the electorate, as was seen under Robert Walpole and his successors, with general elections held an average of every other year, and local and central government positions frequently changing hands between parties, it was impossible for any party or government to be certain of electoral success in the period after 1694, and election results were consequently genuinely representative of the views of at least the section of the population able to vote.
Paragraph 3: The English general election, 1690 occurred after the dissolution of the Convention Parliament summoned in the aftermath of the Glorious Revolution, and saw the partisan feuds in that parliament continue in the constituencies.  The Tories made significant gains against their opponents, particularly in the contested counties and boroughs, as the electorate saw the Whigs increasingly as a source of instability and a threat to the Church of England.
Paragraph 4: The English general election, 1689 elected the Convention Parliament, which was summoned in the aftermath of the Glorious Revolution.
Paragraph 5: Samuel Manetoali (born January 24, 1969) is a member of the National Parliament of the Solomon Islands.  He represents the Gao/Bugotu constituency in Isabel Province.  He attended Lepi Primary School and then went on to do his secondary education at the prestigious King George Sixth National School in Honiara.  He attended law school at the University of Papua New Guinea and graduated with an LLB degree and further unspecified qualifications from the University of Tasmania and University of South Australia.  Prior to entering politics he worked in the country's Public Solicitors Office, then he worked as a private lawyer and a legal adviser to the Isabel Provincial Government.  He first entered parliament in the 2006 general election and re-elected in the 2010 general election. .  He served as the Solomon Islands' Minister of Police, National Security and Correctional Services in Prime Minister Derek Sikua's Cabinet until May 2009, when he was transferred to the position of Minister for Lands, Survey, and Housing.  Following the 2010 general election, he remained in Cabinet, under new Prime Minister Danny Philip, as Minister for Tourism and Culture.  In this year's (2014) general election which was held on the 19th November, he was voted in again for the third term with a landslide victory.  .  He contested as an independent candidate in last week's election. .  As a lawyer, many people had expected more from him seeing that many world leaders including Barack Obama and Tony Abott are lawyers by profession and he appears to be a potential candidate for the prime minister's post given his experience as a politician (3 terms including the current term) and his noble profession.  His current success in the recent election could be attributed to projects such as mini-fisheries projects that he established in the various villages in his constituency.  He also helped the villages and communities by giving handouts such as roofing irons, outboard motor engines, fiber boats, solar panels, cash money and other form of support as a way to maintain and broaden his support.  He also supported local tourism in his constituency by giving financial help to tourism operators such as on Sigana Island,albeit, tourism is still at its infant stage in his constituency.  His other elixir to maintain his popularity and support is through facilitating and sending Bamboo Bands/groups notably the Hageulu bamboo band overseas for the promotion of tourism and culture for the country and he managed to do that in his capacity as the minister of Tourism and Culture in the Lilo-led government.  He was also instrumental in establishing the Gao-Bugotu Cultural Festival initially held in Huali Village in Gao and in Sepi/Lepi Villages in Bugotu.
Paragraph 6: The English general election, 1661 returned a majority of members in accord with Charles II of England.  This Parliament was called the Cavalier Parliament, since many of the MPs elected were former Cavaliers or the sons of Cavaliers.
Paragraph 7: The English general election, 1681 returned members to the last parliament of Charles II.  It sat for one week from 21 March 1681 until 28 March 1681, and was dubbed the Oxford Parliament.  Party strengths are an approximation, with many MPs' allegiances being unknown.
Paragraph 8: The English general election, 1679 (March) returned a majority of members in favour of the Exclusion Bill.  This parliament was called the Habeas Corpus Parliament after the Habeas Corpus Act, which it enacted in May, 1679.  It was dissolved while in recess on 12 July 1679.  Many members did not attend the parliament at all, so their view about Exclusion is unknown.
Paragraph 9: The Glorious Revolution, also called the Revolution of 1688, was the overthrow of King James II of England (James VII of Scotland) by a union of English Parliamentarians with the Dutch stadtholder William III, Prince of Orange.  William's successful invasion of England with a Dutch fleet and army led to his ascension to the throne as William III of England jointly with his wife, Mary II, James's daughter, after the Declaration of Right, leading to the Bill of Rights 1689.
Paragraph 10: The English general election, 1685 elected the only parliament of James II of England, known as the Loyal Parliament.  This was the first time the words Whig and Tory were used as names for political groupings in the Parliament of England.  Party strengths are an approximation, with many MPs' allegiances being unknown.
Question: Who was the last monarch of England to be overthrown before The English General Election, 1690?
Answer:

Answer: King James II of England


Instruction: Answer the question based on the given paragraphs. Note that some paragraphs might be irrelevant.

Input:
Paragraph 1: Pratia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae, native to Asia, Australia and New Zealand.
Paragraph 2: Sutherlandia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae.
Question: Are Sutherlandia and Pratia in the same family?
Answer: no.

Paragraph 1: The Frederick Douglass Memorial is a memorial commemorating Frederick Douglass, installed at the northwest corner of New York City's Central Park, in the U.S. state of New York.  The memorial includes an 8-foot bronze sculpture depicting Douglass by Gabriel Koren and a large circle and fountain designed by Algernon Miller.  Additionally, Quennell Rothschild & Partners is credited as the memorial's architecture, and Polich-Tallix served as the foundry.  The memorial was dedicated on September 20, 2011, and was funded by the Percent for Art program and the Department of Cultural Affairs.
Paragraph 2: The Fallen Worker Memorial is a memorial commemorating workers killed on the job, installed outside the Oregon State Capitol, in Salem, Oregon, United States.  The memorial, which was proposed by Oregon AFL–CIO, approved by the Oregon Parks and Recreation Department, and dedicated in April 2009, features a bronze plaque and benches, cheery trees, and additional landscaping adjacent to the Labor and Industries Building.  Construction cost approximately $20,000 and was funded by donations.  The site has hosted services in observance of Workers' Memorial Day.
Paragraph 3: On December 11, 1941, in response to Italy declaring war on the United States, four days following the Japanese surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, and three days after the United States declaration of war on the Empire of Japan, the United States Congress passed the Joint Resolution Declaring That a State of War Exists Between The Government of Italy and the Government and the People of the United States and Making Provisions to Prosecute the Same, thereby declaring war against Italy.  It also declared war upon Germany that same day.
Paragraph 4: National Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day, also referred to as Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day or Pearl Harbor Day, is observed annually in the United States on December 7, to remember and honor the 2,403 citizens of the United States who were killed in the Japanese surprise attack on Pearl Harbor in Hawaii on December 7, 1941.
Paragraph 5: Japan–United States relations (日米関係 ) began in the late 18th and early 19th century, with the diplomatic but force-backed missions of U.S. ship captains James Glynn and Matthew C. Perry to the Tokugawa shogunate being of particular importance.  The countries maintained relatively cordial relations after that, and Japanese immigration to the United States was prominent until the 20th century, up until the 1930s, when Japanese actions during the Second Sino-Japanese War caused the United States to impose harsh sanctions against Japan, ultimately leading to the Japanese surprise attack against the US naval base at Pearl Harbor, opening the Pacific War theater of World War II.  The United States and its Allies ultimately defeated Japan, and war ended with the American atomic bombings of the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.  Japan surrendered, and was subjected to seven years of military occupation by the United States, during which the American occupiers helped rebuild the country, shared American technology, and carried out widespread political and economic reforms so as to transform Japan into a democracy and a potential bulwark against Communism.  Following the end of the occupation, the countries' relationship prospered again.  A new military alliance treaty, an exchange of technology and culture produced a strong alliance.  The countries' trade relationship has particularly prospered since then, with Japanese automobiles and consumer electronics being especially popular.
Paragraph 6: The USS "Arizona" Memorial, at Pearl Harbor in Honolulu, Hawaii, marks the resting place of 1,102 of the 1,177 sailors and Marines killed on  during the Japanese surprise attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941 and commemorates the events of that day.  The attack on Pearl Harbor and the island of Oʻ ahu led to the United States' direct involvement in World War II.
Paragraph 7: Thomas James Reeves, born in Thomaston, Connecticut, December 9, 1895, was a US Navy radioman who became the namesake of the destroyer escort USS "Reeves" .  Reeves was killed during the Japanese surprise attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, and posthumously received the Medal of Honor.
Paragraph 8: The attack on Pearl Harbor has received substantial attention in popular culture in multiple media and cultural formats including film, architecture, memorial statues, non-fiction writing, historical writing, and historical fiction.  Today, the USS "Arizona" Memorial on the island of Oahu honors the dead.  Visitors to the memorial reach it via boats from the naval base at Pearl Harbor.  The memorial was designed by Alfred Preis, and has a sagging center but strong and vigorous ends, expressing "initial defeat and ultimate victory".  It commemorates all lives lost on December 7, 1941.
Paragraph 9: John Paul Jones Memorial Park is a municipal park in the town of Kittery, Maine.  The trapezoidal park, flanked by the lanes of United States Route 1 approaching the Memorial Bridge across the Piscataqua River, was established in 1926 and named for American Revolutionary War naval hero John Paul Jones.  Its centerpiece is a memorial commemorating the soldiers and sailors of the state of Maine, designed by Bashka Paeff.  The park was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.
Paragraph 10: The Loos Memorial is a World War I memorial forming the sides and rear of Dud Corner Cemetery, located near the commune of Loos-en-Gohelle, in the Pas-de-Calais département of France.  The memorial lists 20,610 names of British and Commonwealth soldiers with no known grave who were killed in the area during and after the Battle of Loos, which started on 25 September 1915.  This memorial covers the same sector of the front as the Le Touret Memorial, with each memorial commemorating the dead either side of the date of the start of the Battle of Loos.
Question: The memorial commemorating a 1941 Japanese surprise attack was designed by whom?
Answer:

Answer: Alfred Preis


Instruction: Answer the question based on the given paragraphs. Note that some paragraphs might be irrelevant.

Input:
Paragraph 1: Pratia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae, native to Asia, Australia and New Zealand.
Paragraph 2: Sutherlandia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae.
Question: Are Sutherlandia and Pratia in the same family?
Answer: no.

Paragraph 1: The Oneida Community was a Perfectionist religious communal society founded by John Humphrey Noyes in 1848 in Oneida, New York.  The community believed that Jesus had already returned in AD 70, making it possible for them to bring about Jesus's millennial kingdom themselves, and be free of sin and perfect in this world, not just in Heaven (a belief called "Perfectionism").  The Oneida Community practiced communalism (in the sense of communal property and possessions), complex marriage, male sexual continence, and mutual criticism.  There were smaller Noyesian communities in Wallingford, Connecticut; Newark, New Jersey; Putney and Cambridge, Vermont.  The community's original 87 members grew to 172 by February 1850, 208 by 1852, and 306 by 1878.  The branches were closed in 1854 except for the Wallingford branch, which operated until devastated by a tornado in 1878.  The Oneida Community dissolved in 1881, and eventually became the giant silverware company Oneida Limited.
Paragraph 2: The Oneida Community Mansion House is a historic house and museum that was once the home of the Oneida Community, a religiously-based socialist Utopian group led by John Humphrey Noyes.  Noyes and his followers moved to the site in Oneida from Putney, Vermont in 1848.  The Community lived in the Mansion House communally until 1880, when they dissolved into a joint-stock company.
Paragraph 3: The Margarodidae or ground pearls (cottony cushion scales, giant coccids, giant scale insects) are a family of scale insects within the superfamily Coccoidea.  Members of the family include the Polish cochineal and Armenian cochineal (genus "Porphyrophora") and the original ground pearl genus, "Margarodes".  Beginning in 1880, a number of distinct subfamilies were recognized, with the giant coccis (the Monophlebidae) being the first.  Although Maskell proposed a new family, many continued to regard the monophlebids as a mere subfamily for many years, and the Margarodidae classification continued to be polyphyletic through the 20th Century.  Since then, taking the advice of Koteja several subfamilies and tribes have been elevated into their own families such as Matsucoccidae and Xylococcidae.  The pared-down family of Margarodidae (Margarodidae "sensu stricto" or Margarodidae s. s.) is monophyletic.
Paragraph 4: Birley Spa is a community bath hall and a Victorian bathhouse in the Hackenthorpe district of the City of Sheffield, England.  It was built for Charles Herbert Pierrepont, 2nd Earl Manvers and the Lord of the Manor of Beighton in 1842, and initially was a hotel with spa baths beneath.  Subsequently, it was used for many years as private dwellings.  In the 1973 it was given Grade II listed building status.  The building was restored in 2000/2001 and now opens for tours of the bathhouse and grounds.
Paragraph 5: New Orleans Silversmiths is a jewelry and silverware retailer that specializes in both contemporary and antique gold jewelry, as well as antique holloware.  It was established in 1938 by Karl Dingeldein, a third generation silversmith from Hanau, Germany who had emigrated to the US.  The Dingeldein family's long tradition of metal work and silver manufacture, both in Germany and the U.S., is well documented.  The present owners acquired the business in 1966 and for many years it has been located near the center of the French Quarter, the oldest part of the city.  The shop handles new and estate silverware and jewelry.
Paragraph 6: The Squatter's Cabin is the only remnant of the Kaweah Colony, a socialist utopian group established in the Sierra Nevada in the 1880s.  Now located in Sequoia National Park, the one-room log structure is located at Huckleberry Meadow near the Giant Forest.
Paragraph 7: The Spirit Fruit Society was a communitarian group in the United States that was organized after a period of repeated business depressions during the 1890s.  The society had its beginnings in Lisbon, Ohio and, over the years of its existence moved to Ingleside, Illinois and, finally, to California.  Plagued by rumor, suspicion, and attacks in the press during its early years, the group remained active until 1930.  Although it never numbered more than a handful of adherents, the Spirit Fruit Society existed longer and more successfully than any other American utopian group.
Paragraph 8: The Giant Spider Invasion is a low-budget 1975 science fiction horror film produced by Transcentury Pictures, a partnership owned by the film's director Bill Rebane.  The film is about giant spiders that terrorize the town of Merrill, Wisconsin and the surrounding area.  "The Giant Spider Invasion" was given a U.S. release in theaters in 1975, and was distributed by Group 1 Films.  The iconic theatrical poster art was a throwback to the monster movies of the 1950s.  The film received a considerable theatrical run and became one of the fifty top-grossing films of that year.  After a three time ABC television network run, the movie achieved additional exposure many years later, when it was featured in a 1997 episode of "Mystery Science Theater 3000" ("MST3K") (season 8, episode 10).  It is now regarded as a cult classic in the B movie realm.  The film is listed on 'The 100 Most Enjoyably Bad Movies Ever Made' in the book "The Official Razzie Movie Guide" by Golden Raspberry Award founder John Wilson.
Paragraph 9: The Qarmatians (Arabic: قرامطة  "Qarāmita"; also transliterated Carmathians, Qarmathians, Karmathians) were a syncretic religious group that combined elements of Zoroastrianism with the Ismaili Shia Islam centered in al-Hasa (Eastern Arabia), where they established a religious utopian republic in 899 CE.  They are most famed for their revolt against the Abbasid Caliphate.  Mecca was sacked by the sect’s leader, Abu Tahir al-Jannabi, outraging the Muslim world, particularly with their theft of the Black Stone and desecration of the Zamzam Well with corpses during the Hajj season of 930 CE.
Paragraph 10: Pierrepont Burt Noyes (August 18, 1870 – April 15, 1959) was an American businessman and writer.  He was brought up in the Oneida Community, a religious Utopian group.  Noyes later became the head of Oneida Limited, a position he held for many years.
Question: What giant silverware company was started as a religious Utopian group and was for many years run by Pierrepont Noyes?
Answer:

Answer: Oneida Limited


Instruction: Answer the question based on the given paragraphs. Note that some paragraphs might be irrelevant.

Input:
Paragraph 1: Pratia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae, native to Asia, Australia and New Zealand.
Paragraph 2: Sutherlandia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae.
Question: Are Sutherlandia and Pratia in the same family?
Answer: no.

Paragraph 1: Lieutenant en second was a junior officer rank in the French Royal Army prior to the French Revolution.  Like most of the officer ranks in the Royal Army, it was dominated by nobles.  High-ranking nobles entering military service during their teenage years would serve in the rank at ages as young as 15 or 16 years old before rapidly being promoted.  One such example was Louis des Balbes de Berton de Crillon, duc de Mahon, who joined the Régiment du Roi (King's Regiment) in 1734, aged 16, as a "lieutenant en second" before being promoted the following year to "lieutenant en premier".  Lesser nobles would stay in the rank for longer, while the few commoners who had been able to become officer of fortune might remain as "lieutenants en second" until they died or retired.
Paragraph 2: Wanyan Chonghou (October, 1824 – 1893) was a Qing dynasty official and diplomat, said to have been a lineal descendant of the Imperial House of the Jin dynasty (1115–1234).  Graduating as juren, he became a Taotai in Zhili in 1858, and in 1861 Superintendent of Trade for the three northern ports, to reside at Tianjin.  He was occupying this post when the Tianjin Massacre occurred on the 21st June, 1870.  Of all actual connivance at or participation in this tragedy he was doubtless innocent, though with a stronger man in power it would most likely not have taken place.  He was sent to France with a letter of apology, which he handed to Adolphe Thiers, being undoubtedly the first Chinese official of any rank who had ever visited the west.  On his return in 1872 he was appointed Vice President of the Board of War and a member of the Zongli Yamen.  In 1874 he was Vice President of the Board of Revenue, and in 1876 he was sent as acting General of Shengjing, replacing his brother, Wanyan Chongshi, who had died that year.  In 1878 he proceeded as Ambassador to St. Petersburg, and negotiated the Treaty of Livadia, by which a large portion of Ili was ceded to Russia.  In 1880 he was denounced by Li Hung-chang and Zuo Zongtang, nominally for returning without leave; and also by the then Censor Zhang Zhidong for having exceeded his powers.  He was cashiered and arrested, and finally sentenced to death.  For some time it was feared that he would lose his head.  The foreign Ministers did all in their power to effect his release, but in vain.  At length Queen Victoria interposed on his behalf; and in response to her letter he was pardoned, upon which he retired into private life.  He died in 1893, of creeping paralysis; and in 1894 his rank was restored, less two grades.  He was extremely courteous to foreigners, and was much liked by all foreign officials with whom he was thrown into contact.
Paragraph 3: Jean-Baptiste du Casse (August 2, 1646 – June 25, 1715) was a French buccaneer, admiral, and colonial administrator who served throughout the Atlantic World during the 17th and 18th centuries.  Likely born August 2, 1646, in Saubusse, near Pau (Béarn), to a Huguenot family, du Casse joined the French merchant marine and served in the East India Company and the slave-trading Compagnie du Sénégal.  Later, he joined the French Navy and took part in several victorious expeditions during the War of the League of Augsburg in the West Indies and Spanish South America.  During the War of the Spanish Succession, he participated in several key naval battles, including the Battle of Málaga and the siege of Barcelona.  For his service, he was made a knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece by King Philip V of Spain.  In the midst of these wars, he was Governor of the colony of Saint-Domingue from 1691-1703.  He ended his military career at the rank of Lieutenant General of the naval forces (the highest naval military rank at the time in France, equivalent of a modern vice-admiral) and Commander of the Royal and Military Order of Saint Louis.  He died on June 25, 1715 in Bourbon-l'Archambault, Auvergne.
Paragraph 4: In the Company of Heroes is a book by Michael Durant and Steven Hartov about Durant's experiences in the Battle of Mogadishu, Korea, the Persian Gulf, Thailand, Panama, and Iraq.  In the Battle of Mogadishu, the MH-60 Black Hawk helicopter code-named "Super Six-Four" that Durant was piloting was shot down over Somalia by a rocket-propelled grenade on October 3, 1993, and he was attacked by a mob and had to fight for his life.  MSG Gary Gordon and SFC Randy Shughart volunteered to try to protect the pilot from the mob; while Durant was severely injured, he survived, but Gordon and Shughart did not, and were posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for their bravery.  Durant became a prisoner of Somali warlord Mohamed Farah Aidid for 11 days.
Paragraph 5: Randall David "Randy" Shughart (August 13, 1958 – October 3, 1993) was a United States Army soldier of 1st Special Forces Operational Detachment-Delta (1SFOD-D)/"Delta Force".  Shughart was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for actions in Battle of Mogadishu on October 1993.
Paragraph 6: Gary Ivan Gordon (August 30, 1960 – October 3, 1993) was a master sergeant in the United States Army and a recipient of the Medal of Honor.  At the time of his death, he was a non-commissioned officer in the United States Army's premier special operations unit, the 1st Special Forces Operational Detachment-Delta (1SFOD-D), or "Delta Force".  Together with his comrade, Sergeant First Class Randy Shughart, Gordon was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for actions he performed during the Battle of Mogadishu in October 1993.
Paragraph 7: Johnny Strong (born 1974) is an American actor, musician, stuntman and martial artist.  He is best known for his roles in "Black Hawk Down" (as Medal of Honor recipient Randy Shughart) and "The Fast and the Furious" as Leon.  Aside from acting, Strong is also the Lead vocalist and founder of the band Operator.
Paragraph 8: Lynn Turner (July 13, 1968 – August 30, 2010), born Julia Lynn Womack, was an American convicted murderer.  In 1995, her husband, Glenn Turner, died after allegedly being sick with the flu.  In 2001, the death of what had been described as her common law husband, Randy Thompson, under remarkably similar circumstances, aroused the suspicion of law enforcement.  After investigation, it was determined by authorities that Lynn Turner had murdered both her husbands by poisoning them with ethylene glycol-based antifreeze.  She was tried for Glenn Turner's murder in 2004.  She was found guilty and went to trial again for murdering Randy Thompson in 2007, ultimately being convicted.  Turner died in prison on August 30, 2010.  The cause of death was an apparent suicide by toxic overdose of blood pressure medication.
Paragraph 9: The Mega Powers were a tag team in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) and World Championship Wrestling (WCW).  The Mega Powers consisted of Hulk Hogan, and "Macho Man" Randy Savage with Miss Elizabeth (at the time Savage's real life wife, though portrayed on-screen as his manager, with any further relationship not explained) serving as their valet respectively.  As of 2017, Hulk Hogan is the only surviving member, as Miss Elizabeth died in 2003 and Randy Savage died in 2011.
Paragraph 10: Lieutenant-colonel John Cornell Chads (9 August 1793 – 28 February 1854) joined the Royal Marines and reached the rank of 2nd Lieutenant on 4 May 1809, aged 16.  He became a Captain in the 1st West India Regiment on 27 January 1820.  He became a Major on 22 April 1836, still serving in the West India Regiment.  He was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant Colonel on 3 March 1843 and then retired on full pay aged 50.  He returned to England with his family and lived in Portsea, Hampshire until his appointment as President of the British Virgin Islands in 1852.  He died in Government House, Tortola on 28 February 1854 with the rank of Colonel.
Question: What was Randy Shughart's rank when he died?
Answer:

Answer: Sergeant First Class


Instruction: Answer the question based on the given paragraphs. Note that some paragraphs might be irrelevant.

Input:
Paragraph 1: Pratia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae, native to Asia, Australia and New Zealand.
Paragraph 2: Sutherlandia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae.
Question: Are Sutherlandia and Pratia in the same family?
Answer: no.

Paragraph 1: Chrysler's rear wheel drive F platform was used from 1976 to 1980.  It was replaced by the nearly identical Chrysler M platform.  There were two wheelbases: 108.7 in for 2-door models, and 112.7 in for four-doors.  As the market evolved, these would be marketed as mid-size and eventually take on full-sized nameplates such as Plymouth Fury for police and fleet applications.  These were effectively replaced by the very successful Chrysler K platform in standard and stretch sizes which retained two bench seats, column shifter and room for six, unlike many other compact-sized cars modeled after non-American designs.
Paragraph 2: The M-Bodies were Chrysler Corporation's successor to the F-body Aspen/Volare.  The platform, almost identical to the F-body, was introduced in 1977, and it was the basis for some mid-sized Chrysler models until its demise in 1989.  The M-body was also the successor to the short-lived R-body, as the Chrysler New Yorker and Plymouth Gran Fury moved to it following the R-body's demise in 1981.  The M platform was the final production passenger car with semi-elliptical leaf springs sold in the U.S.
Paragraph 3: The Plymouth Cambridge was a full-size automobile, produced by Plymouth in 1951 through 1953.  It represented Plymouth's medium model in its lineup.  When it was introduced, it came with new features such as electronic windshield wipers and downdraft carburetors.  It also had "Safe-guard" brakes, that had two hydraulic cylinder per front wheel instead of just one It replaced the Deluxe, and was replaced by the Savoy for 1954.
Paragraph 4: The Plymouth Gran Fury is a full-sized automobile that was manufactured by Plymouth from 1975 to 1989.  The nameplate would be used on successive downsizings, first in 1980, and again in 1982, through what would originally have been intermediate and compact classes in the early 1970s, all with conventional rear-wheel drive layouts.  By the time Chrysler ended M-body production in December 1988 (1989 model year), they were Chrysler's last remaining rear-wheel drive cars, with a V8 and carburetor, a configuration used since the mid - 50's.  Plymouth would not have another rear-wheel drive car until the 1997 Prowler roadster.
Paragraph 5: The Plymouth Acclaim was a mid-size sedan produced in the 1989 to 1995 model years.  The Acclaim was Plymouth's updated replacement for the similarly sized E-body Caravelle.  Badge engineering was employed to give Dodge and Chrysler their own versions of the AA-body Acclaim: the Dodge Spirit, the Chrysler LeBaron sedan, and the export-market Chrysler Saratoga.  It was replaced by the Plymouth Breeze in 1996.
Paragraph 6: Christine is a 1983 American horror film directed by John Carpenter and starring Keith Gordon, John Stockwell, Alexandra Paul, and Harry Dean Stanton.  The film also features supporting performances from Roberts Blossom and Kelly Preston.  Written by Bill Phillips and based on the novel of the same name by Stephen King, the plot follows a sentient and violent vintage Plymouth Fury named Christine, and its effects on the car's new teenage owner.
Paragraph 7: The Dodge Diplomat was an American mid-size car that was produced by Dodge from 1977 to 1989.  It is essentially identical to the Plymouth Gran Fury in the U.S. market and the Plymouth Caravelle in Canada.  It was also sold in Mexico between 1981 and 1982 as the Dodge Dart, and in Colombia as the Dodge Coronet.  The Diplomat was initially offered in a coupe and a sedan.  In 1978, station wagons were added as replacements for the departed full-sized C-body wagons.
Paragraph 8: The Plymouth Fury is a model of automobile which was produced by Plymouth from 1955 to 1989.  It was introduced for the 1956 model year as a sub-series of the Plymouth Belvedere, becoming a separate series one level above the contemporary Belvedere for 1959.  The Fury was a full-size car from 1959 to 1961, then a mid-size car from 1962 to 1964, again a full-size car from 1965 to 1974, and again a mid-size car from 1975 to 1978.  From 1975 to 1977 the Fury was sold alongside the full-size Plymouth Gran Fury.  In 1978, the B-body Fury was the largest Plymouth, and by 1979, there was no large Plymouth.  This was rectified in 1980 with the R-body Gran Fury, followed by the M-body Fury in 1982.  Production of the last V8, RWD Plymouth Fury ended at Kenosha, WI, on December 23, 1988.  Unlike its sibling brand, Dodge, Plymouth would not live to see the resurgence of the large, V8/RWD sedan.  The last Plymouth rolled off the Belvidere assembly line in 2001.
Paragraph 9: Wakefield Metropolitan District Council is the local authority of the City of Wakefield in West Yorkshire, England.  It is a metropolitan district council and provides a full range of local government services including Council Tax billing, libraries, social services, processing planning applications, waste collection and disposal, and it is a local education authority.  Wakefield is divided into 21 wards, electing 63 councillors.  A third of the council is elected for three of every four years.  The council was created by the Local Government Act 1972 and replaced the Wakefield City Council of the County Borough of Wakefield and several other authorities.  Since 1974 Wakefield has held borough and city status and from this time would use the full title of the authority on all publications, signage, council vehicle fleet and documents, however from around 2005, like many other local authorities doing so at the time, the authority dropped the full title for the shorter Wakefield Council (although for an interim period when the new logo was unveiled, it would have the full authority title below however this has now been replaced with the strapline - 'working for you').
Paragraph 10: The Plymouth Caravelle is a mid-size sedan that was introduced by Plymouth as a 1983 Canadian model.  The Caravelle came to the United States in 1985 to replace the Chrysler E-Class.  It was essentially identical to the concurrent Dodge 600.  It was replaced by the Plymouth Acclaim in 1989.  The Caravelle was Plymouth's first front wheel drive mid-size sedan.
Question: The Plymouth fury produced from 1955 to 1989  was replaced by what for police and fleet applications?
Answer:

Answer: Chrysler K platform


Instruction: Answer the question based on the given paragraphs. Note that some paragraphs might be irrelevant.

Input:
Paragraph 1: Pratia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae, native to Asia, Australia and New Zealand.
Paragraph 2: Sutherlandia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae.
Question: Are Sutherlandia and Pratia in the same family?
Answer: no.

Paragraph 1: The Deep Blue Sea is a 1955 British drama film directed by Anatole Litvak, starring Vivien Leigh and Kenneth More and released by Twentieth Century Fox.  The picture was based on the play of the same name by Terence Rattigan.  Rattigan's play has also been filmed by Terence Davies with Rachel Weisz in the Vivien Leigh role of 'Hester' and Tom Hiddleston as 'Freddie'.  The movie tells the story of a woman unhappy in her passionless marriage leaving her husband for a younger and more ardent lover.
Paragraph 2: Deep Blue Sea is the soundtrack to the 1999 science fiction thriller film "Deep Blue Sea".  It was released on June 27, 1999 through Warner Bros.  Records and consisted of hip hop and R&B music.  The soundtrack didn't find much success, only making it to #55 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums.  The lone single was LL Cool J's "Deepest Bluest", but it was unsuccessful to make it to any Billboard charts.  LL was quoted as saying "This was my finest shark-related song ever.  I can't believe it didn't chart."
Paragraph 3: Sir Ian Holm CBE (born 12 September 1931) is an English actor known for his stage work and many film roles.  He received the 1967 Tony Award for Best Featured Actor for his performance as Lenny in "The Homecoming" and the 1998 Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actor for his performance in the title role of "King Lear".  He won the 1981 BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role for his role as athletics trainer Sam Mussabini in "Chariots of Fire", for which he was also nominated for an Academy Award.
Paragraph 4: From Wishes to Eternity - Live is a live DVD/VHS/CD by Finnish symphonic metal band Nightwish.  It was recorded in Tampere, Finland on 29 December 2000.  The CD was released as a limited edition of 10.000 copies, available only in Finland.  In late 2005, Spinefarm managed to release it in Europe.  In addition to a show of Nightwish material, the band also performed a medley, "Crimson Tide, Deep Blue Sea", which borrowed melodies from Hans Zimmer's music in the 1995 film "Crimson Tide" and Trevor Rabin's music in the 1999 film "Deep Blue Sea".
Paragraph 5: Thomas William Hiddleston (born 9 February 1981) is an English actor, producer and musical performer.  At the beginning of his career, he appeared in West End theatre productions of "Cymbeline" (2007) and "Ivanov" (2008).  He won the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Newcomer in a Play for his role in "Cymbeline" and was also nominated for the same award for his role as Cassio in "Othello".
Paragraph 6: The Deep Blue Sea is a 2011 British romantic drama film directed by Terence Davies and starring Rachel Weisz, Tom Hiddleston, and Simon Russell Beale.  It is an adaptation of the 1952 Terence Rattigan play "The Deep Blue Sea" about the wife of a judge who engages in an affair with a former RAF pilot.  This film version is funded by the UK Film Council and Film4, produced by Sean O'Connor and Kate Ogborn.
Paragraph 7: Sheila Cameron Hancock, CBE (born 22 February 1933) is an English actress and author.  Hancock trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art before starting her career in repertory theatre.  Hancock went on to perform in plays and musicals in London, and her Broadway debut in "Entertaining Mr Sloane."  (1966) earned her a Tony Award nomination for Best Lead Actress in Play.  She won a Laurence Olivier Award for Best Performance in a Supporting Role in a Musical for her role in "Cabaret" (2007) and was nominated at the Laurence Olivier Awards four other times for her work in "" (1980), "The Winter's Tale" (1982), "Prin" (1989) and "Sister Act" (2010).
Paragraph 8: The Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Play is an annual award presented by The Society of London Theatre in recognition of achievements in commercial British theatre.  The awards were established as the Society of West End Theatre Awards in 1976, and renamed in 1984 in honour of English actor Laurence Olivier.
Paragraph 9: Stephen Mear (born 1964) is an English dancer and choreographer best known for his award-winning work in musical theatre.  In 2005, Mear and co-choreographer Matthew Bourne won the Laurence Olivier Award for "Best Choreography", for their work on the new West End musical "Mary Poppins".  This production later transferred to Broadway in 2006, being nominated for the Tony Award for "Best Choreography" in 2007.  Most recently, Mear choreographed the new Broadway musical of Disney's "The Little Mermaid" (2007–08).  In recognition of his achievements, in 2007 Mear was the recipient of a Carl Alan Award, an award voted for by leading dance organisations in the United Kingdom.  In 2010, Stephen Mear won a Laurence Olivier Award for best Theatre Choreographer for his work on Hello Dolly at the Open Air Theatre, Regent's Park, he was also a choreographer for "So You Think You Can Dance (UK)", in the category broadway.
Paragraph 10: Azurite is a soft, deep blue copper mineral produced by weathering of copper ore deposits.  It is also known as Chessylite after the type locality at Chessy-les-Mines near Lyon, France.  The mineral, a carbonate, has been known since ancient times, and was mentioned in Pliny the Elder's Natural History under the Greek name "kuanos" (κυανός: "deep blue," root of English "cyan") and the Latin name "caeruleum".  The blue of azurite is exceptionally deep and clear, and for that reason the mineral has tended to be associated since antiquity with the deep blue color of low-humidity desert and winter skies.  The modern English name of the mineral reflects this association, since both "azurite" and "azure" are derived via Arabic from the Persian "lazhward" (لاژورد), an area known for its deposits of another deep blue stone, lapis lazuli ("stone of azure").
Question: The actor known for his role as "Freddie"  in The Deep Blue Sea won the Laurence Olivier Award for his role in which play?
Answer:

Answer: Cymbeline


Instruction: Answer the question based on the given paragraphs. Note that some paragraphs might be irrelevant.

Input:
Paragraph 1: Pratia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae, native to Asia, Australia and New Zealand.
Paragraph 2: Sutherlandia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae.
Question: Are Sutherlandia and Pratia in the same family?
Answer: no.

Paragraph 1: John Chick (born November 20, 1982) is a professional Canadian football defensive end for the Edmonton Eskimos of the Canadian Football League (CFL).  He was named the CFL's Most Outstanding Defensive Player after the 2009 CFL season.  He helped the Roughriders capture the Grey Cup twice, in 2007 and 2013.  Chick has also spent time in the National Football League (NFL) with the Indianapolis Colts and Jacksonville Jaguars.  Prior to playing professional football, Chick played college football for the Utah State Aggies.  During his senior season with the Aggies, Chick recorded 12.5 quarterback sacks, good enough for fifth overall in the National Collegiate Athletic Association.
Paragraph 2: Defensive Player of the Year is the name of an award given in sports for outstanding defensive play by a single player over the course of a season.  Many sports leagues award this type of award.  A listing of the league awards for Defensive Player of the Year is included below:
Paragraph 3: Jovon Johnson (born November 2, 1983) is a professional Canadian football defensive back for the Saskatchewan Roughriders of the Canadian Football League (CFL).  He was most recently a member of the Montreal Alouettes of the Canadian Football League (CFL).  Johnson was the winner of the CFL's Most Outstanding Defensive Player Award in 2011 while with the Winnipeg Blue Bombers, becoming the first defensive back to win the award in the league.  He is also a two-time CFL All-Star and five-time CFL East Division All-Star.  In addition, he was a member of the 2007 Saskatchewan Roughriders that won the Grey Cup, though he spent little time on the active roster and finished the penultimate game on the practice roster.
Paragraph 4: The Norm Fieldgate Trophy is a Canadian Football League trophy awarded to the outstanding defensive player in the West Division.  Each team in the West division nominates a player, from which the winner is chosen.  Either the winner of this trophy or the winner of the James P. McCaffrey Trophy will also be the winner of the Canadian Football League Most Outstanding Defensive Player award.  The trophy is named after former BC Lions linebacker Norm Fieldgate.
Paragraph 5: The James P. McCaffrey Trophy is a Canadian Football League trophy, awarded to the outstanding defensive player in the East Division.  Each team in the East division nominates a candidate, from which the winner is chosen.  Either the winner of this trophy or the winner of the Norm Fieldgate Trophy will also win the Canadian Football League Most Outstanding Defensive Player award.
Paragraph 6: Solomon Elimimian (born October 21, 1986) is a Canadian football linebacker for the BC Lions of the Canadian Football League (CFL).  He was named the CFL's Most Outstanding Rookie in 2010.  In 2014, he won the CFL's Most Outstanding Defensive Player Award and Most Outstanding Player Award.  Elimimian is the first purely defensive player to win the league's Most Outstanding Player Award as well as the first player to win three different CFL awards in his career.  He played college football for the Hawaii Warriors and attended Crenshaw High School in South Los Angeles, California.
Paragraph 7: The Most Outstanding Defensive Player Award is annually awarded to the best defensive player in the Canadian Football League.  The winner of the award is selected by members of the Football Reporters of Canada along with the head coaches in the CFL.  The two nominees for the award are the James P. McCaffrey Trophy winner from the East Division, and the Norm Fieldgate Trophy winner from the West Division.  Between the years of 1955 to 1973, both defensive players and offensive lineman had to compete for the CFL's Most Outstanding Lineman Award.  By the 1974 season, the league decided to make two separate awards for both defensive players and offensive lineman.
Paragraph 8: The Wilson Defensive Player of the Year Award is awarded annually to the best defensive player at each fielding position in Major League Baseball.  One overall Defensive Player of the Year is also selected each year.  Unlike the Rawlings Gold Glove Awards, which are voted on by major league managers and coaches, the Wilson Defensive Player of the Year Award winners are determined by statistics using sabermetrics.  In 2012, the baseball glove manufacturer Wilson created the Defensive Player of the Year Award to honor the best defensive player on each team in Major League Baseball.  One award winner was selected from each league as that league's overall Defensive Player of the Year.  Starting in 2014, the awards are given to the best defensive player at each position, regardless of league, and the overall award is given to only one player, regardless of league.  Also in 2014, a new award was created for the best Defensive Team of the Year, regardless of league.
Paragraph 9: The Hawaii Rainbow Warriors football team represents the University of Hawaii at Manoa in NCAA Division I FBS college football.  On November 27, 2015, Nick Rolovich was hired as the new head football coach at the University of Hawaii replacing Norm Chow.  It was part of the Western Athletic Conference until July 2012, when the team joined the Mountain West Conference.
Paragraph 10: David Ménard (born May 13, 1989) is a Canadian football defensive lineman for the BC Lions of the Canadian Football League (CFL).  He was selected in the fourth round and 32nd overall by the Lions in the 2014 CFL Draft and signed with the team on May 27, 2014.  He was ranked as the 13th best player in the Canadian Football League’s Amateur Scouting Bureau final rankings for players eligible in the 2014 CFL Draft.  He played CIS football with the Montreal Carabins.
Question: What university did the winner of the 2014 CFL's Most Outstanding Defensive Player Award attend?
Answer:

Answer: University of Hawaii at Manoa


Instruction: Answer the question based on the given paragraphs. Note that some paragraphs might be irrelevant.

Input:
Paragraph 1: Pratia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae, native to Asia, Australia and New Zealand.
Paragraph 2: Sutherlandia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae.
Question: Are Sutherlandia and Pratia in the same family?
Answer: no.

Paragraph 1: Jason Salkey (born 24 April 1962) is an English actor who began his career at the age of nine.  He was born in London, England.  His father was the noted writer, Andrew Salkey.  Salkey attended the Holland Park School in England before moving to Amherst, Massachusetts where he graduated high school from Amherst Regional High School in 1980.  He then earned his degree in Acting and Directing from Hampshire College in Amherst.  While in school, Salkey became a skilled Frisbee player and eventually went on to become the two-time European Freestyle Frisbee champion.
Paragraph 2: Edward Thomson Fairchild (October 30, 1854 – January 23, 1917) was the third President of the New Hampshire College of Agriculture and Mechanical Arts in Durham, New Hampshire from 1912 to January 23, 1917, when he died in office.  Prior to serving as President of New Hampshire College, Fairchild served as Kansas state superintendent of public instruction.
Paragraph 3: Lupita Amondi Nyong'o (] , ] ; born March 1, 1983) is a Kenyan-Mexican actress.  She was born in Mexico to Kenyan parents and raised in Kenya.  She attended college in the United States, earning a bachelor's degree in film and theater studies from Hampshire College.
Paragraph 4: Star Wars: The Force Awakens (also known as Star Wars: Episode VII – The Force Awakens) is a 2015 American epic space opera film co-written, co-produced and directed by J. J. Abrams.  The sequel to 1983's "Return of the Jedi", "The Force Awakens" is the first installment of the "Star Wars" sequel trilogy.  It stars Harrison Ford, Mark Hamill, Carrie Fisher, Adam Driver, Daisy Ridley, John Boyega, Oscar Isaac, Lupita Nyong'o, Andy Serkis, Domhnall Gleeson, Anthony Daniels, Peter Mayhew, and Max von Sydow.  Produced by Lucasfilm Ltd. and Abrams' production company Bad Robot Productions and distributed worldwide by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures, "The Force Awakens" was the first "Star Wars" film not produced by franchise creator George Lucas.  Set 30 years after "Return of the Jedi", it follows Rey, Finn and Poe Dameron's search for Luke Skywalker and their fight alongside the Resistance, led by veterans of the Rebel Alliance, against Kylo Ren and the First Order, a successor to the Galactic Empire.
Paragraph 5: Charles R. Longsworth (born August 21, 1929) is the current director of Saul Centers, Inc..  He assumed this position in June 1993.  He serves as president Emeritus of Hampshire College.  He worked as president of The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation from 1977 to 1994, as Chief Executive Officer until November 1992, and Chairman from November 1991 to November 1994.  He works as Chairman Emeritus of The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation of Williamsburg, Virginia.  He graduated from Amherst College in 1951 and serves as Life Trustee at the college.  Mr. Longsworth was Hampshire College's founding vice president who succeeded Franklin Patterson as President (1971–1977), and who had helped draft the final 1965 plan in the form of "The Making of College" from the New College Plan.
Paragraph 6: Chris Spirou is a politician in New Hampshire in the United States.  He was born in the town of Porti in the Prefecture of Karditsa, Province of Thessaly, Greece, and migrated in 1956, at the age of 13, to the United States of America.  He is a graduate of Saint Anselm College, Goffstown, New Hampshire, and holds a Master's Degree in Urban Studies and Social Change from Goddard College, Vermont.  Spirou lectured in many universities including Harvard University and Dartmouth College and has taught the course as an adjunct professor at New Hampshire College (now Southern New Hampshire University).  In 1970 he was elected to the New Hampshire House of Representatives.  He has been New Hampshire Democratic Party Chairman and was a Democratic nominee for governor.
Paragraph 7: Gregory S. Butler (August 18, 1971, Suffield, Connecticut) is a visual effects supervisor.  He graduated from Suffield High School in 1989 and afterwards entered Hampshire College.  Despite his initial plans to study history, a work-study job with the audiovisual equipment in the library made him interested in film production.  Butler graduated in 1993 with a major in film, television and theater design.  Afterwards he moved to California to work for Industrial Light and Magic for 9 months, where after intern work he managed to become an assistant in the effects department, starting with assistant credits in "The Mask" and "Forrest Gump".  Following a job at Rocket Science Games until the company's bankruptcy in 1996, Butler went to Tippett Studio and did effects work in "Starship Troopers" and "My Favorite Martian", rising up to a technical director job, and Cinesite for "Practical Magic".  While reluctant at the requirement of moving to New Zealand, Butler was convinced by his writer-actor brother Jared to jump at the opportunity of working for Weta Digital in "The Lord of the Rings".  His biggest achievement was working in the creation of Gollum.  Butler also worked as a computer graphics supervisor on "I, Robot" before an invitation to work as an effects supervisor for the Moving Picture Company, in London.  He continues on MPC, but is now on the Vancouver office.  On January 24, 2012, he was nominated for an Academy Award for "".
Paragraph 8: Joshua Seth (born December 2, 1968) is an American voice actor, magician, comedian, keynote speaker, mentalist, and entertainer.  He was born in Kent, Ohio, and graduated from Theodore Roosevelt High School.  As a child, Seth attended several experimental programs at Kent State University where he was admitted at the age of 8.  Later, he attended Hampshire College as well as the New York University's film school Tisch School of the Arts where he trained as a performing artist he has lent his voice for many popular anime characters and he is also the best known for voicing as Taichi "Tai" Kamiya in "Digimon Adventure" series.  He was also the announcer of "Kids WB's Aftertoons Show" block and "Saturdays: Unleashed" block.  He has also recently stated on "Did You Know Anime?"  on YouTube that he would reprise his role as Tai Kamiya's English voice actor in "Digimon Fusion", if Saban were to request his services.  He is confirmed to be reprising his role as Tai in "Digimon Adventure tri. "
Paragraph 9: David C. Kelly is an associate professor of mathematics at Hampshire College in Amherst, Massachusetts.  He holds an AB from Princeton, an SM from MIT, and an AM from Dartmouth; and has taught at New College, Oberlin, and Talladega College.  In 1971 he founded the Hampshire College Summer Studies in Mathematics (HCSSiM), a six-week program for mathematically talented high school students, and has been directing the program ever since.
Paragraph 10: The Hellenic American University was founded in 2004 in Manchester, New Hampshire, United States, as a degree-granting institution of higher education by an act of the New Hampshire State Legislature.  Hellenic American University is a member of the New Hampshire College & University Council (NHCUC), a non-profit consortium of 17 public and private institutions of higher education in the state of New Hampshire.  These institutions are recognized and highly regarded for their outstanding teaching, research, and community service activities.  They serve as major centers of activity that are vital to the economic development of the community and the state.
Question: In what movie did a Kenyan-Mexican actress, who graduated from Hampshire College, star in in 2015?
Answer:

Answer: Star Wars: The Force Awakens


Instruction: Answer the question based on the given paragraphs. Note that some paragraphs might be irrelevant.

Input:
Paragraph 1: Pratia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae, native to Asia, Australia and New Zealand.
Paragraph 2: Sutherlandia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae.
Question: Are Sutherlandia and Pratia in the same family?
Answer: no.

Paragraph 1: The National Zoological Gardens of South Africa (also informally known as The Pretoria Zoo) is an 85 ha zoo located in Pretoria, South Africa.  It is the national zoo of South Africa, and was founded by J. W. B. Gunning in 1899.  Pretoria zoo is one of the top 8 largest zoos in the world and one of the most highly rated zoo's in the world.
Paragraph 2: Southern Living is a widely read lifestyle magazine aimed at readers in the Southern United States featuring recipes, house plans, garden plans,and information about Southern culture and travel.  It is published by Birmingham, Alabama–based Southern Progress Corporation, a unit of Time Inc.
Paragraph 3: Fort Worth Flyover is the name of a short IMAX film created for the Omni Theater at the Fort Worth Museum of Science and History, the first one commissioned by a specific museum.  Designed to simulate flying over Fort Worth, Texas in a helicopter, the movie (and later, a 1992 update) is traditionally shown before each Omni Theater feature, in part to acclimatize new viewers to the IMAX format.
Paragraph 4: The Fort Worth Air Route Traffic Control Center (ZFW) is located at 13800 FAA Road, Fort Worth, Texas, United States 76155.  The Fort Worth ARTCC is one of 22 Air Route Traffic Control Centers in the United States.
Paragraph 5: John Read Giordano (born December 31, 1937) is an American orchestra conductor, professor of music, composer, and former concert saxophonist.  He is Associate Professor of Music at Texas Christian University.  He is Music Director Emeritus of the Fort Worth Symphony Orchestra where he served as Music Director and Conductor for 27 years, Founder of the Fort Worth Chamber Orchestra, Jury Chairman of the Van Cliburn International Piano Competition since 1973, Music Director Emeritus of the Youth Orchestra of Greater Fort Worth, Founder and Director of the Colorado College Summer Music Festival and Conservatory, Director of Chamber Music for the Bowdoin Summer Music Festival, International Guest Conductor, published composer and arranger with an extensive award winning discography.
Paragraph 6: The Fort Worth Zoo is a zoo in Fort Worth, Texas, United States, that was founded in 1909 with one lion, two bear cubs, an alligator, a coyote, a peacock and a few rabbits.  The zoo now is home to 5,000 native and exotic animals and has been named as a top zoo in the nation by "Family Life" magazine, the "Los Angeles Times" and "USA Today", as well as one of the top zoos in the South by "Southern Living" Reader's Choice Awards.
Paragraph 7: Fort Worth Spinks Airport (ICAO: KFWS, FAA LID: FWS) is a city owned, public use airport located 14 nautical miles (26 km) south of the central business district of Fort Worth, in Tarrant County, Texas, United States.  It is the newest of the three airports that are owned by the City of Fort Worth and it serves the cities of Fort Worth, Burleson, and Mansfield.  The airport is located at the intersection of Interstate 35W and HWY 1187 and serves as a reliever airport for Fort Worth Meacham International Airport and Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport.  It was one of few airports in the country to have Class E airspace and a control tower.  However, its airspace now has Class D designation.
Paragraph 8: The Hugh Beaumont Experience was a punk rock band from Fort Worth, Texas.  The band's original lineup was Brad Stiles on vocals, Tommie Duncan on guitar, Clay Carlisle on bass, and Carter Kolba on drums.  Formed in 1980 by members of the private school, Fort Worth Country Day School, in Fort Worth, they toured throughout Texas in 1981-82, including dates with MDC and The Dead Kennedys.  Their nascent success was short-lived, however; the band had broken up by 1983, having released just one 7-inch called "Cone Johnson EP" (now a collector's item) and a cassette called "Virgin Killers".  (This material was re-released in 1993 on Existential Vacuum Records; They also did a recording session with Bob Mould of Hüsker Dü.)
Paragraph 9: The Tornado outbreak of April 3, 2012 was a small, albeit localized tornado outbreak that primarily affected the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex.  During the morning of April 3, a large low-pressure area and associated frontal boundaries tracked across the Southern US Plains.  Initially, environmental conditions did not favor the development of tornadoes.  However, an outflow boundary from an area of storms in Oklahoma moved southwards before stalling over the Dallas–Fort Worth area.  This allowed the formation of individual supercells, which would produce numerous tornadoes in the region.  Many of these tornadoes occurred in the afternoon and evening hours of the day.  One of these tornadoes was an EF3 tornado which struck areas of Forney, Texas, damaging homes and businesses; this tornado would be the strongest confirmed during the outbreak.  However, the costliest tornado was of EF2 intensity, and struck the counties of Ellis and Dallas, causing roughly $400 million in damages.  The same tornado also injured 10 people, but did not cause any damage.  Throughout the duration of the outbreak, there were 22 confirmed tornadoes, though 17 of them were rated EF0 – the lowest rating on the Enhanced Fujita Scale.
Paragraph 10: Robert Hughes Sr. (born May 15, 1928 in Bristow, Oklahoma, United States) is the United States' all-time winningest high school basketball coach.  From 1973 to 2005, he coached at Paul Laurence Dunbar High School in the Fort Worth, Texas Independent School District.  He previously coached at I.M. Terrell High School in Fort Worth (an all-black high school) during segregation.  After segregation ended and I.M. Terrell was shut down, Mr. Hughes began coaching at Dunbar.  Combined, he won five state basketball titles.  He retired as the all-time winningest high school basketball coach with 1,333 wins, passing Morgan Wootten in 2003.  "If you can't work hard and put out the best, you probably need to go home to your mama," Hughes was known for telling his players.  Hughes attended Texas Southern University and was drafted by the Boston Celtics.  His son, Robert Hughes Jr., is the current coach at Dunbar High School.  He has two daughters.  One, the Rev. Carlye Hughes, is rector of Trinity Episcopal Church in Fort Worth.  Another, Robin Hughes, is a professor and executive associate dean in the School of Education at Indiana University.  Hughes Sr.'s wife of 57 years, Jacquelyne Sue Hughes, died in 2014.  Hughes Sr. was elected to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame on March 31, 2017.  He lives in Fort Worth.
Question: The Fort Worth Zoo was rated as one of the top zoos by a magazine published where?
Answer:

Answer: Birmingham, Alabama


Instruction: Answer the question based on the given paragraphs. Note that some paragraphs might be irrelevant.

Input:
Paragraph 1: Pratia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae, native to Asia, Australia and New Zealand.
Paragraph 2: Sutherlandia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae.
Question: Are Sutherlandia and Pratia in the same family?
Answer: no.

Paragraph 1: Bad Animals is the ninth studio album by the American rock band Heart, released on June 6, 1987 by Capitol Records.  The album continues the mainstream hard rock style from the band's 1985 self-titled release, all while enjoying similar success.  RIAA certification as of 1992 is three times platinum, indicating sales in excess of three million copies in the US alone.  The album reached No. 2 on the U.S. "Billboard" 200 chart in August 1987.  "Bad Animals" contained the number one hit single "Alone", while "Who Will You Run To" reached No. 7, "There's the Girl" reached No. 12, and "I Want You So Bad" reached No. 49.  The album is notable for containing only a few tracks with writing contributions from lead members Ann and Nancy Wilson.  It received a Grammy nomination for Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal.
Paragraph 2: Khaidi (English: "Prisoner") is a 1983 Indian Telugu-language action film starring Chiranjeevi and directed by A. Kodandarami Reddy.  Madhavi was the heroine.  It became a major blockbuster and a turning point in Chiranjeevi's career winning unlimited fan following.  It was remade into Kannada with Vishnuvardan with the same name.  The film is loosely based on the 1982 film "First Blood".  Later, this movie has brought big name to Chiranjeevi and he made Khaidi No. 786 as 100th movie and his 150th movie is Khaidi No. 150.  It is thus the first film in Chiranjeevi's highly successful "Khaidi" trilogy.
Paragraph 3: Antahpuram (English: "Palace") is a 1998 Telugu action drama film produced by P.Kiran on Anandi Art Creations banner, directed by Krishna Vamsi.  The film stars Jagapati Babu, Soundarya, Prakash Raj, and Sai Kumar in prominent roles with music composed by Ilaiyaraaja.  Prakash Raj won National Film Award – Special Jury Award / Special Mention (Feature Film) for his performance in the film.  The film won three Filmfare Awards South for Best Film, Best Director and Best Actress.  The film also went on to win the Nandi Award for Best Supporting Actor for Jagapati Babu, Nandi Award for Best Female Playback Singer for S. Janaki and Nandi Award for Best Female Dubbing Artist for Saritha.  This film is famous for being the first film in Telugu to have Rayalaseema faction as its main plot.  The film was later remade in 1999 in Tamil with the same name with Parthiban replacing Jagapathi Babu and it was remade in Hindi as "" (2003).
Paragraph 4: Chitram is a 2000 Telugu film written and directed by Teja.  This film stars Uday Kiran & Reema Sen in the lead roles and marked the debut of the lead actors.  The film was sensational hit in 2000.  The film is produced by Ramoji Rao and has music composed by R.P. Patnaik.  The film was released as "Chithiram" in Tamil in 2001 with the film mostly featuring scenes dubbed from the original although scenes involving Manivannan and Senthil were added.  "Chitram" and "Nuvve Kavali" were the two movies which set a trend of college campus romance stories in the same year.  The movie was remade in Kannada as "Chithra", starring Prabhu Deva's brother Nagendra Prasad and Rekha Vedavyas in 2001 under the direction of Dinesh Baboo and the production of Ramoji Rao.  The movie was a superhit in Kannada and marked the debut of the lead actors.
Paragraph 5: Khilona (English: Toy ) is a 1970 Indian drama film, produced by L.V. Prasad on Prasad Productions Pvt.Ltd.  banner and directed by Chander Vohra.  Starring Sanjeev Kumar, Mumtaz, Jeetendra in lead roles.  Other actors in supporting roles are Shatrughan Sinha, Durga Khote, Ramesh Deo, Jagdeep and music composed by Laxmikant-Pyarelal.  The film recorded as "Super Hit" at the box office.  The film was a remake of Telugu film "Punarjanma".  The film was not remade in Tamil instead both Hindi and Tamil version were simultaneously made.  Tamil version had "Engirundho Vandhaal" with Sivaji Ganesan and Jayalalithaa.  The film was also remade in Malayalam as "Amrithavaahini".
Paragraph 6: The Housemaid (하녀, "Hanyeo") is a 1960 black-and-white South Korean film.  It was directed by Kim Ki-young and starred Lee Eun-shim, Ju Jeung-nyeo and Kim Jin-kyu.  It has been described in Koreanfilm.org as a "consensus pick as one of the top three Korean films of all time".  This was the first film in Kim's "Housemaid" trilogy followed by "Woman of Fire".  The film was remade in 2010 by director Im Sang-soo.
Paragraph 7: Ocean's Thirteen is a 2007 American comedy heist film directed by Steven Soderbergh and starring an ensemble cast.  It is the third and final film in the Soderbergh-directed "Ocean's Trilogy", following the 2004 sequel "Ocean's Twelve" and the 2001 film "Ocean's Eleven", which itself was a remake of the 1960 Rat Pack film "Ocean's 11".  All the male cast members reprise their roles from the previous installments, but neither Julia Roberts nor Catherine Zeta-Jones returns.
Paragraph 8: Marc Barthel (also known as Jesse D'Lane) is a singer, actor, songwriter and dubbing actor from Berlin, Germany.  He was born on Oct. 04, 1989 in Berlin and first became famous as one of the lead members of the pop group ''.  He left the group in 2007 to focus on his solo music career as 'Jesse D'Lane'.  Furthermore, he has since then been working as an actor in television, film and commercial productions.
Paragraph 9: The first HERC was established in Northern California in 2000 with Stanford, the University of California at Berkeley, and the University of California at Santa Cruz as lead members, with the goal of allowing colleges and universities to collaborate on the recruitment of faculty, staff, and executives.  There are currently eleven regional HERCs in the United States, consisting of over 550 campuses in 22 states and the District of Columbia.
Paragraph 10: The Rat Pack is a term used by the media to refer to an informal group of entertainers centered on the Las Vegas casino scene.  Having its origins in a group of friends that met at the Los Angeles home of Humphrey Bogart and Lauren Bacall, by the 1960s, it was the name used by the press and the general public to refer to a later variation of the group that called itself "the Summit" or "the Clan", featuring Frank Sinatra, Dean Martin, Sammy Davis Jr., Peter Lawford and Joey Bishop among others; they appeared together on stage and in films in the early 1960s, including the movies "Ocean's 11", "Sergeants 3", and "Robin and the 7 Hoods" (in the last film, Bing Crosby replaced Lawford).  Sinatra, Martin, and Davis were regarded as the group's lead members.
Question: Who were the lead members of the group of actors who were in the film which was remade as the first film of "Ocean's Trilogy"?
Answer:

Answer: Frank Sinatra, Dean Martin, Sammy Davis Jr.


Instruction: Answer the question based on the given paragraphs. Note that some paragraphs might be irrelevant.

Input:
Paragraph 1: Pratia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae, native to Asia, Australia and New Zealand.
Paragraph 2: Sutherlandia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae.
Question: Are Sutherlandia and Pratia in the same family?
Answer: no.

Paragraph 1: The Sutliff Bridge is a bridge over the Cedar River at Sutliff, a Johnson County community near Lisbon, Iowa, United States.  A Parker truss bridge, it was built in 1897 and 1898 at a cost of approximately $12,000.  J.R. Sheely was the engineer for the original Sutliff Bridge.  After a modern replacement was built over the Cedar in 1983, the bridge was slated for destruction, but it was ultimately saved, and on May 15, 1998, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.  Although the bridge remained a celebrated location for locals and for visitors from across Iowa, including a 5k foot race beloved as the “worst road race in America", it succumbed to massive floods in the second week of June 2008: while the river normally flowed many feet below the bottom of the bridge, the floods topped the bridge's deck, and one of the bridge's spans was washed away on June 13 as the surrounding countryside was inundated with vast amounts of water.  It is estimated that restoring the bridge will cost $1.7 million.  Most of this money would come from the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), with the rest coming from donations and local governments; both FEMA and the Johnson County Board of Supervisors have agreed in principle to repair the bridge.  The bridge reconstruction was supervised by VJ Engineering of Coralville, Iowa and construction was completed by Iowa Bridge and Culvert of Washington, Iowa.  In October 2012 a ribbon cutting ceremony was held opening the bridge to public use for the first time in four years.
Paragraph 2: Bartlett's Bridge is a historic stone arch bridge carrying Clara Barton Road over the French River in Oxford, Massachusetts.  The bridge was built in 1889 to a design by Charles A. Allen, at the time a civil engineer for the city of Worcester.  The bridge was built to replace an older wooden span at the request of Edwin Bartlett, the owner of textile mills in North Oxford, whose businesses and employees would have used the road.  The bridge is 30 ft long and 42 ft wide, with its elliptical arch reaching a height of 13 ft above the river.  The facing of the bridge is rough-cut granite that has been fixed with mortar.  In contrast, the granite stones that make up the arch have been very precisely worked.  The bridge has parapet walls made of large granite slabs 4.5 ft , 2 ft wide, and 1 ft thick.
Paragraph 3: The Gardnerville Branch Jail is a historic jail located at 1440 Courthouse St. in Gardnerville, Nevada.  The jail was built in 1910 and served as Douglas County's only jail from 1910 to 1915.  Prior to 1910, the only county jail was in Genoa, the county seat; however, since Gardnerville was several miles from Genoa, it resorted to housing prisoners in the local judge's granary.  As the granary was considered unfit for holding prisoners, the community petitioned the county to construct a new jail.  However, local leaders in Minden, who wanted to move the county seat to their town, protested the move, as they suspected that Gardnerville was attempting to claim the county seat itself.  Nonetheless, the county approved the construction of the new jail.  The jail housed its first prisoners before construction even finished, as the Genoa jail burned down; one prisoner was briefly chained to a post until the new jail could accommodate him.  Once completed, the jail served the county until 1915, when Minden became the county seat and opened its own county jail.
Paragraph 4: The Cerro Gordo County Courthouse is located in Mason City, Iowa, United States.  When Cerro Gordo County was created in 1855 and Mason City was selected to be the county seat.  Dissatisfaction in the western part of the county led the Iowa legislature to appoint three new commissioners who would move the county seat to Livonia.  A courthouse was built there.  A petition signed by over half of the citizens of the county requested that the county seat be moved back to Mason City.  Mason City also won the election in 1858 to decide the matter 155-48.  Two courthouses have stood in Mason City prior to the present Modernist structure that was occupied by the county in 1960.  It had been built as the Standard Oil Building, and was acquired by the county in 1959 for $159,400 and then remodeled for their use.
Paragraph 5: The Old Allamakee County Courthouse, located on 2nd Street in Lansing, is a short-lived former county courthouse of Allamakee County, Iowa.  The courthouse was completed in 1861 amid a fight between Lansing and Waukon over which community deserved to be the county seat.  Lansing had lost a vote on the county seat to Waukon in 1859, but they won another vote in 1861 after teaming up with the community of Columbus.  Waukon built its own courthouse in the meantime, but it failed to win back the county seat in yet another vote in 1864.  The county sheriff, a Waukon resident, attempted to seize the county's records from the Lansing courthouse in 1866; however, a posse from Lansing stopped him before he could return to Waukon.  The Iowa Supreme Court decided the county seat battle in favor of Waukon the following year; it has remained there since.
Paragraph 6: The Henry Covered Bridge near Bartlett, Ohio is a historic covered bridge.  The bridge is on TR61 off OH550 southeast of Bartlett, Ohio, in Washington County, Ohio.  It is a "Multiple Kingpost" truss type, and it is 45 feet long, and was built in 1894.
Paragraph 7: Worcester ( , ] ) is a city and the county seat of Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States.  Named after Worcester, England, as of the 2010 Census the city's population was 181,045, making it the second most populous city in New England after Boston.  Worcester is located approximately 40 mi west of Boston, 50 mi east of Springfield and 40 mi north of Providence.  Due to its location in Central Massachusetts, Worcester is known as the "Heart of the Commonwealth", thus, a heart is the official symbol of the city.  However, the heart symbol may also have its provenance in lore that the mass-produced Valentine's Day card was invented in the city.
Paragraph 8: The Shinn Covered Bridge is a historic wooden covered bridge in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Ohio.  Located in the countryside northeast of Bartlett in Washington County, this single-span truss bridge was built in 1886 by local carpenter Charles T. Shinn.  Built of weatherboarded walls with stone abutments and a metal roof, the bridge features vertical siding, and its portals have remained vertical and resisted creeping into another shape.  The heart of the bridge's structure employs the Burr Truss design, which mixes the king post truss with a wooden arch designed by Andrea Palladio in the sixteenth century.  Shinn built his bridge to span the western branch of Wolf Creek in Palmer Township.  Measuring 98 ft in length, the bridge was constructed soon after the drowning of one of Shinn's children.
Paragraph 9: The Eisenhower Bridge is located east of Milton, Iowa, United States.  It carries traffic on 252nd Street over the Fox River for 197 ft .  The supervisors from Des Moines and Lee counties met on September 7, 1887 to view the location of a new bridge between the two counties over the Skunk River on the Burlington-Fort Madison Road.  Financing delayed building the new bridge.  They determined that Des Moines County would pay three-fifths of the costs and Lee County the remainder.  Chicago engineer Horace B. Horton designed the Pratt truss, and it was built by the James B. Diver Bridge Company of Keokuk, Iowa.  The Walker's Ferry Bridge was originally a two-span structure, and it was completed for $9,435.  It was replaced with another bridge in 1930, and one of the spans was relocated to this location.  Known locally as the Eisenhower Bridge, it replaced an 1895 span that was washed out in a flood.  While it lost some of its historical integrity, it remains an example of early wagon bridge construction.  It is also one of the few iron truss bridges remaining in Iowa, and it was designed by a prominent bridge engineer.  The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.
Paragraph 10: The Main Street Bridge is a historic structure located in Charles City, Iowa, United States.  It spans the Cedar River for 248 ft .  Before a bridge was built at this location local citizens would cross the river by way of a ferry, at a ford in summer, and across the ice in winter.  The first bridge at this location was washed away in a flood while it was under construction in 1858.  The second bridge was completed in 1864, and it was destroyed in a flood two years later.  A temporary bridge was completed in 1867, and it was replaced by a truss bridge in 1870.  It was used for 40 years despite an engineer's study in 1892 that suggested it be condemned.  The Floyd County Board of Supervisors approved a replacement bridge in 1908.  The old bridge was moved to a new spot five blocks downstream, but contract problems delayed construction of the new bridge.  Advance Construction Company of Waukesha, Wisconsin was finally awarded a contract in March 1909.  The three span concrete filled spandrel arch bridge was designed by their designing engineer G.W. Miller.  It was completed in 1910 for about $40,000, which was paid for by the county and the city.  The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.
Question: Bartlett's Bridge was built by the engineer who worked for the county seat of which Massachusetts county?
Answer:

Answer: Worcester County


Instruction: Answer the question based on the given paragraphs. Note that some paragraphs might be irrelevant.

Input:
Paragraph 1: Pratia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae, native to Asia, Australia and New Zealand.
Paragraph 2: Sutherlandia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae.
Question: Are Sutherlandia and Pratia in the same family?
Answer: no.

Paragraph 1: Bargerveen Nature Reserve is a nature reserve in the Dutch province of Drenthe that has been included in the Natura 2000 ecological network.  Since 2006 it is part of the Internationaler Naturpark Bourtanger Moor-Bargerveen ("engl.  Bourtanger Moor-Bargerveen International Nature Park"), a nature reserve located on both sides of the border between the Netherlands and Germany.  Most of the transboundary nature reserve, some 134 km2 , lies in Germany, in the west of the state of Lower Saxony.  The sparsely populated landscape consists of large peat areas, heather, and small lakes.
Paragraph 2: West Wyalong is a town in New South Wales, Australia, which is the main town of the Bland Shire, located in the Central West region of New South Wales.  It is located 467 km west of Sydney.  It is located on the crossroads of the Newell Highway between Melbourne and Brisbane, and the Mid-Western Highway between Sydney and Adelaide.  It is situated 262 m above sea level.
Paragraph 3: Jonkershoek Nature Reserve is a CapeNature nature reserve located approximately 10 km south-east of the town of Stellenbosch in the Western Cape province of South Africa.  It covers an area of approximately 11000 ha .
Paragraph 4: Hermon nature reserve (שמורת חרמון) is a nature reserve located in the north of the Golan Heights, which was declared a nature reserve on December 6, 1974.  The reserve includes an area in southern Mount Hermon which is located in the Israeli occupied portion of the Golan Heights.  The reserve excludes the Mount Hermon ski resort, Neve Ativ and the Nimrod Fortress.  The total area of the reserve is 18,842 acres (76,250 dunam).
Paragraph 5: The Castlereagh Nature Reserve is a protected nature reserve located in the western suburbs of Sydney in New South Wales, Australia.  The 495 ha reserve is situated 60 km west of the central business district, approximately 10 km north-east of Penrith and located near the townships of Castlereagh and Londonderry .  In 1960, 266 ha was reclaimed for use as a Child Welfare Training School, and in 1971, 389 ha was reclaimed for the establishment of a liquid waste disposal facility.
Paragraph 6: Pasvik Nature Reserve (Norwegian: "Pasvik naturreservat" ; Russian: Пасвик, Pasvik zapovednik ) is a bilateral nature reserve located in the valley of Pasvikdalen in Norway and Russia.  The nature reserve was established in 1992 (Russia) and 1993 (Norway), and covers an area of 166.4 km2 .  The Norwegian part, in the municipality of Sør-Varanger, covers 19.1 km2 , while the Russian part, in Pechengsky District, Murmansk Oblast, covers 147.3 km2 .  The nature reserve includes unexploited parts of Pasvikelva and has a rich birdlife.
Paragraph 7: The Charcoal Tank Nature Reserve is a protected nature reserve in the central western region of New South Wales, Australia.  The 86.4 ha reserve is situated 10 km south of West Wyalong and may be accessed via the Newell Highway and The Charcoal Tank Road.  The reserve is an important refuge for native flora and fauna in a highly fragmented landscape, one in which the majority of the original vegetation has been removed.
Paragraph 8: The Northeast Ecological Corridor Nature Reserve (NECNR) refers to an area designated as a protected Nature Reserve located on the northeast coast of Puerto Rico, between the municipalities of Luquillo and Fajardo.  Specifically, the lands that comprise the NEC are located between Luquillo’s town square to the west and Seven Seas Beach to the east, being delineated by PR Route # 3 to its south and the Atlantic Ocean to its north.  It was decreed as a protected area by former Puerto Rico Governor Aníbal S. Acevedo-Vilá in April 2008, a decision reversed by Governor Luis G. Fortuño-Burset in October 2009, although he later passed a law in June 2012 re-designated as nature reserve two-thirds of its lands, after intense lobbying and public pressure.  Later, in 2013, Governor Alejandro García-Padilla signed a law declaring all lands within the NEC a nature reserve.  The area comprises 2,969.64 acres (1201.77 hectares), which include such diverse habitats as forests, wetlands, beaches, coral communities, and a sporadically bioluminescent lagoon.  The Corridor is also home to 866 species of flora and fauna, of which 54 are considered critical elements, meaning rare, threatened, endangered and endemic species classified by the Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources (DNER), some even designated as critically endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN).  These include, among others, federally endangered species such as the plain pigeon, the snowy plover, the Puerto Rican boa, the hawksbill sea turtle and the West Indian manatee.  The beaches along the NEC, which are 8.74 kilometers (5.43 miles) long are important nesting grounds for the leatherback sea turtle ("Dermochelys coriacea"), which starts its nesting season around April each year.
Paragraph 9: Niagara Glen Nature Reserve is a nature reserve located near the Niagara Whirlpool along the Canadian side of the Niagara Gorge.  It is one of the best preserved remaining example of Southern Ontario's original Carolinian forest.  The park is operated by the Niagara Parks Commission, an agency of the Ontario government.  The park features overlooks of the whirlpool and gorge as well as several hiking trails through the Carolinian forest.  The nature reserve protects a pristine area of the Niagara Escarpment.  The nature reserve is open to the public daily, as long as weather permits.
Paragraph 10: The Delta de la Dranse National Nature Reserve is a nature reserve located in the delta of the Dranse river.  The reserve is located to the east of the commune of Thonon-les-Bains in southeastern France.  At 1.5 km long by 500 m wide, it covers a small area of 53 ha at an elevation ranging from 372 to .  Offering a rich botanic biodiversity, the site was declared a national nature reserve in January 1980 and declared a special "zone of protection" since September 1986.
Question: What crossroads is the town located 10 km north of the Charcoal Tank Nature Reserve located?
Answer:

Answer: Newell Highway