Instruction: Answer the question based on the given paragraphs. Note that some paragraphs might be irrelevant.

Input:
Paragraph 1: Pratia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae, native to Asia, Australia and New Zealand.
Paragraph 2: Sutherlandia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae.
Question: Are Sutherlandia and Pratia in the same family?
Answer: no.

Paragraph 1: Hugh Michael Jackman (born 12 October 1968) is an Australian actor, singer, and producer.  Jackman has won international recognition for his roles in a variety of film genres.  He is known for his long-running role as Wolverine in the "X-Men" film series, as well as for his lead roles in films such as the romantic-comedy fantasy "Kate & Leopold" (2001), the action-horror film "Van Helsing" (2004), the magic-themed drama "The Prestige" (2006), the epic fantasy drama "The Fountain" (2006), the epic historical romantic drama "Australia" (2008), the film version of "Les Misérables" (2012), and the thriller "Prisoners" (2013).  His work in "Les Misérables" earned him his first Academy Award nomination for Best Actor and his first Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy in 2013.
Paragraph 2: Earl Carpenter (born 9 May 1970) is an English musical theatre actor, recognised chiefly for his work in London's West End.  He is known for his performances as Javert in the stage musical "Les Misérables" and as the Phantom in the London production of "The Phantom of the Opera".  He recently starred played the Phantom in the 25th Anniversary UK Tour, replacing John Owen-Jones, who left the tour in September.  He made his return to Broadway in May 2015, reprising his role of Inspector Javert and recently a new show in Singapore " Forbidden City)"
Paragraph 3: David Thaxton (born 12 May 1982) is a Welsh singer and musical theatre and opera performer.  He starred in the Donmar Warehouse's "Passion", for which he won the 2011 Olivier Award for Best Actor in a Musical.  He previously appeared as Enjolras in the West End production of "Les Misérables".  In March 2011, he joined the cast of Love Never Dies, undertaking the role of Raoul de Chagny.
Paragraph 4: Peter Lockyer is an American actor and singer.  He was born in Poughkeepsie, NY.  As a child, he split his time between Toronto and Connecticut, and went to the same high school as actress Gretchen Mol.  Lockyer has appeared in numerous productions, including "Miss Saigon" as Chris, "Les Misérables" as Marius, and "La Boheme" on Broadway.  He has also appeared in a tour of "The Phantom of the Opera" and on TV with Bette Midler in a 1993 adaption of "".  After a break in performing, during which he earned dual master's degrees, qualifying him to teach in New York City, Lockyer returned to acting for the European tour of Barbra Streisand's "Broadway Boys".  He has also performed "42nd Street" in Europe and "Les Misérables" in China and South Korea.  Recently, Lockyer returned to his native Connecticut to play the role of Tom in "The Glass Menagerie" at the historical Ivoryton Playhouse.  He is playing Jean Valjean in Les Misérables in the current national tour.  Years before he played the role in a Hawaiian production of Les Misérables, which he directed himself.  Played JVJ in Les Misérables in US 25th Anniversary Tour and in 2015 at Queen's Theatre on London's West End in UK.
Paragraph 5: Stephen Mear (born 1964) is an English dancer and choreographer best known for his award-winning work in musical theatre.  In 2005, Mear and co-choreographer Matthew Bourne won the Laurence Olivier Award for "Best Choreography", for their work on the new West End musical "Mary Poppins".  This production later transferred to Broadway in 2006, being nominated for the Tony Award for "Best Choreography" in 2007.  Most recently, Mear choreographed the new Broadway musical of Disney's "The Little Mermaid" (2007–08).  In recognition of his achievements, in 2007 Mear was the recipient of a Carl Alan Award, an award voted for by leading dance organisations in the United Kingdom.  In 2010, Stephen Mear won a Laurence Olivier Award for best Theatre Choreographer for his work on Hello Dolly at the Open Air Theatre, Regent's Park, he was also a choreographer for "So You Think You Can Dance (UK)", in the category broadway.
Paragraph 6: Les Misérables: The Dream Cast in Concert (1995), also titled Les Misérables in Concert, is a concert version of the musical "Les Misérables", produced to celebrate the 10th anniversary of the West End production.  It was filmed in October 1995 at the Royal Albert Hall and released on DVD, VHS and LD in 1998 and re-released on DVD in North America in 2008.  The latest DVD presents the concert in its original 16x9 ratio.  Although filmed with HD cameras, a Blu-ray edition has not been released yet.  The 10th Anniversary cast stars Colm Wilkinson as Jean Valjean, Philip Quast as Inspector Javert, Michael Ball as Marius Pontmercy, Lea Salonga as Éponine, Judy Kuhn as Cosette, Ruthie Henshall as Fantine, Michael Maguire as Enjolras, Alun Armstrong as Thénardier, Jenny Galloway as Madame Thénardier, Adam Searles as Gavroche, Hannah Chick as Young Cosette, and several others, and was directed by John Caird.  The performers were chosen from the London, Broadway and Australian productions of the show and the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra was conducted by David Charles Abell.  It also aired on PBS part of the Great Performances series.
Paragraph 7: Les Misérables is a 1952 American film adapted from the novel "Les Misérables" by Victor Hugo.  It was directed by Lewis Milestone, and featured Michael Rennie as Jean Valjean, Robert Newton as Javert, and Sylvia Sidney as Fantine.
Paragraph 8: Philip Mark Quast (born 30 July 1957) is an Australian actor and singer.  He has won the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actor in a Musical three times, the most of any actor to date.
Paragraph 9: Ezhai Padum Paadu (English: "Plight of the Poor" ) is a 1950 Indian Tamil language film directed by K. Ramnoth.  It was simultaneously shot in Telugu as "Beedala Patlu".  It was an adaptation of "Les Misérables" by Victor Hugo.  The film was released on Deepavali day, 1950 and was a hit.  For his memorable portrayal of Inspector Javert in this film, N Seetharaman came to be called as "Javert" Seetharaman.  It was produced by S. M. Sriramulu Naidu of Pakshiraja Studios.
Paragraph 10: David Hersey (born November 30, 1939) is a lighting designer who has designed the lighting for over 250 plays, musicals, operas, and ballets.  His work has been seen in most corners of the globe and his awards include the Tony Award for Best Lighting Design for "Evita", "Cats", and "Les Misérables", the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Lighting Design for "Cats", "Miss Saigon", and "Equus", and the 1996 Laurence Olivier Award for Lighting Design.
Question: Which actor that has performed as Inspector Javert in a Les Misérables production Has won the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actor in a musical three times?
Answer:

Answer: Philip Quast


Instruction: Answer the question based on the given paragraphs. Note that some paragraphs might be irrelevant.

Input:
Paragraph 1: Pratia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae, native to Asia, Australia and New Zealand.
Paragraph 2: Sutherlandia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae.
Question: Are Sutherlandia and Pratia in the same family?
Answer: no.

Paragraph 1: Roy Roman is a high note trumpet player who has performed lead with Lionel Hampton, the Benny Goodman Orchestra, Count Basie, Duke Ellington, Bob Hope, Sammy Davis, Jr. and Franki Valli, among others.  Roman began playing the trumpet at age 19.  After an injury to one of his front teeth, he was introduced to Roy Stevens, the teacher of a scientific method of embouchure development pioneered by William Costello.  Today, Roman is the world's leading expert on the Stevens/Costello Method, a technique that allows the player to increase range, endurance and control.
Paragraph 2: "Can't Take My Eyes Off You" is a 1967 single credited to Frankie Valli.  The song was among his biggest hits, earning a gold record and reaching No. 2 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 for a week, stuck behind "Windy" by The Association.  It was co-written by Bob Gaudio, a bandmate of Valli's in The Four Seasons.  It was Valli's biggest solo hit until he hit #1 in 1974 with "My Eyes Adored You".
Paragraph 3: Valli was the sixth solo LP album by Frankie Valli of The Four Seasons, released by Private Stock under catalog number PS-2017 as a stereo recording in 1976.  It was reissued on compact disc in 2008, paired with his first solo effort from Private Stock, "Close Up", by Collector's Choice.
Paragraph 4: The Four Seasons is an American rock and pop band that became internationally successful in the 1960s and 1970s.  The Vocal Group Hall of Fame has stated that the group was the most popular rock band before the Beatles.  Since 1970, they have also been known at times as Frankie Valli and the Four Seasons.  In 1960, the group known as the Four Lovers evolved into the Four Seasons, with Frankie Valli as the lead singer, Bob Gaudio (formerly of the Royal Teens) on keyboards and tenor vocals, Tommy DeVito on lead guitar and baritone vocals, and Nick Massi on electric bass and bass vocals.
Paragraph 5: Bobby Fox is an Irish born Australian actor who originated the role of Franki Valli in the Australian production of "Jersey Boys".  He is a former 4 times World Irish Dance Champion and toured with dance productions "Riverdance", "Dancing on Dangerous Ground" (principal understudy), "To Dance on the Moon" (principal dancer) and starred in the revival of Australian musical "Hot Shoe Shuffle" as Spring.  Fox has also had roles in "Ladies in Black", "Blood Brothers", "Mamma Mia! ", "Leader of the Pack", "Dusty – The Original Pop Diva", "We Will Rock You", "Spamalot" and The Production Company’s "Sweet Charity" and "Damn Yankees".
Paragraph 6: Dean Valli (born October 5, 1983 in North Vancouver, British Columbia) is an offensive lineman with the Canadian Football League's British Columbia Lions.  Valli attended Simon Fraser University and played for their football team, the Simon Fraser Clan.  He played four full seasons with the Clan from 2002 to 2005.  Dean graduated with a bachelor of arts from Simon Fraser University in 2006.  In 2005, Valli was named to the Canada West Universities Athletic Association all-star team.  He also represented SFU at the 2005 East West Bowl held in Waterloo, Ontario.  Valli was selected in the 1st round, 6th overall, by the Lions in the 2006 CFL draft.  2006 was his first year playing professional football.
Paragraph 7: Jersey Boys: Original Broadway Cast Recording is the Grammy-winning cast album for the Broadway musical "Jersey Boys", the story of Frankie Valli and The Four Seasons.  The album was produced by original Four Season, Bob Gaudio.  Principal vocals include Christian Hoff as "Tommy DeVito," Daniel Reichard as "Bob Gaudio," J. Robert Spencer as "Nick Massi" and John Lloyd Young as lead-singer "Frankie Valli."  It was released November 1, 2005 by Rhino Entertainment and reached number eighty-five on the "Billboard" 200.  In February 2008, the album was certified Gold by the RIAA.  As of December 2014, the album has sold 1.4 million copies in the US.
Paragraph 8: Hellogoodbye (sometimes styled as hellogoodbye) is a pop rock band that was formed in Huntington Beach, California in 2001 by singer Forrest Kline.  They were signed to Drive-Thru Records and released their first full-length album "Zombies!  Aliens!  Vampires!  Dinosaurs! " in 2006, in addition to their previously released EP "Hellogoodbye" and DVD "OMG HGB DVD ROTFL".  In 2010, the band released "Would It Kill You? " on their label Wasted Summer Records.  The album was released in the United Kingdom and Europe by LAB Records on the 14 March 2011.  Hellogoodbye released their third album, Everything is Debatable, on October 29, 2013, while touring as the opening act for Paramore's The Self-Titled Tour.
Paragraph 9: "My Eyes Adored You" is a 1974 song written by Bob Crewe and Kenny Nolan.  It was originally recorded by The Four Seasons in early 1974.  After the Motown label balked at the idea of releasing it, the recording was sold to lead singer Frankie Valli for $4000.  After rejections by Capitol and Atlantic Records, Valli succeeded in getting the recording released on Private Stock Records, but the owner/founder of the label wanted only Valli's name on the label.  The single was released in the US in November 1974 and topped the "Billboard" Hot 100 in March 1975.  "My Eyes Adored You" also went to number 2 on the Easy Listening chart.  "Billboard" ranked it as the No. 5 song for 1975.
Paragraph 10: The Wonder Who?  was a "nom de disque" of The Four Seasons for four single records released from 1965 to 1967.  It was one of a handful of "names" used by the group at that time, including Frankie Valli (as a "solo" artist even though the Four Seasons were present on the record) and The Valli Boys.  Wonder Who?  recordings generally feature the falsetto singing by Valli, but with a softer falsetto than on "typical" Four Seasons recordings.
Question: Did Franki Valli sing with Hellogoodbye or The Four Seasons?
Answer:

Answer: The Four Seasons


Instruction: Answer the question based on the given paragraphs. Note that some paragraphs might be irrelevant.

Input:
Paragraph 1: Pratia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae, native to Asia, Australia and New Zealand.
Paragraph 2: Sutherlandia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae.
Question: Are Sutherlandia and Pratia in the same family?
Answer: no.

Paragraph 1: The Brooklyn Cultural District (formerly known as the BAM-Downtown Brooklyn Cultural District) is a $100 million development project that focuses on the arts, public spaces and affordable housing in Fort Greene, Brooklyn, New York.  The project reflected the joint efforts of New York City's Economic Development Corporation, the Department of Cultural Affairs, the Department of Housing Preservation and Development, the Department of City Planning, and the Downtown Brooklyn Partnership to continue to develop the Brooklyn neighborhood area.  Joining the area's longtime institutional stakeholders (BAM, the Brooklyn Museum and the Brooklyn Public Library) are new homes for Mark Morris Dance Group, Theatre for a New Audience (TFANA), UrbanGlass and BRIC Arts and the BAM's Fisher Building.
Paragraph 2: Carlene LeFevre is a competitive eater from Henderson, Nevada.  She and her husband, Rich LeFevre, are said to form the "First Family of Competitive Eating" in spite of having normal weights and ages around 60, and are both top ranked members of the International Federation of Competitive Eating.  The childless couple has combined to take two of the top seven places in Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest in 2003, 2004, and 2005.  She is nicknamed "The Madam of Etiquette" for her relative degree of decorum while consuming mass quantities of food quickly.  Her trademark technique is called the "Carlene Pop," in which she bounces up and down while eating to get the food to settle.
Paragraph 3: Brooklyn Grange is a 2.5-acre organic urban rooftop farm in New York City, growing high quality vegetables and honey for local restaurants, markets, and community-supported agriculture.  The farms span across two rooftops, one on a 43,000 sq. ft. building straddling Astoria and Long Island City, and the other atop the Brooklyn Navy Yard – the world’s largest rooftop soil farm.  Together, they produce over 40,000 lbs.  of organically-grown vegetables each year.  The Grange also operates New York City’s largest apiary, with over thirty naturally-managed honey beehives, which yields approximately 1,500 pounds of honey annually.  It was started in the spring of 2010 by transplanted Wisconsinite Ben Flanner, now President and Head Farmer, with the help of Anastasia Plakias, current Vice President, and Gwen Schantz, current Chief Operating Officer.  The group took out loans, contributed their own money and found community investors to fund the project.  The Brooklyn Navy Yard farm was financed in part by at $592,730 grant from the NYCDEP's Green Infrastructure Grant Program.  In addition to growing and distributing local vegetables and herbs, Brooklyn Grange provides urban farming and green roof consulting and installation services to clients worldwide and partner with numerous non-profit organizations throughout New York to promote healthy and strong local communities.
Paragraph 4: Rich LeFevre (nickname "The Locust") is a competitive eater from Henderson, Nevada.  Rich and his wife, Carlene LeFevre, are said to form the "First Family of Competitive Eating" in spite of having normal weights and ages around 60, and are both top ranked members of the International Federation of Competitive Eating.  The childless couple has combined to take two of the top seven places in Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest in 2003, 2004, and 2005.  He competed at Wing Bowl XIV in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in which he placed second behind Joey Chestnut, another IFOCE champion.
Paragraph 5: The Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) operates a number of bus routes in Brooklyn, New York, United States; one minor route is privately operated under a city franchise.  Many of them are the direct descendants of streetcar lines (see list of streetcar lines in Brooklyn); the ones that started out as bus routes were almost all operated by the Brooklyn Bus Corporation, a subsidiary of the Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation, until the New York City Board of Transportation took over on June 5, 1940.  Of the 55 local Brooklyn routes operated by the New York City Transit Authority, roughly 35 are the direct descendants of one or more streetcar lines, and most of the others were introduced in full or in part as new bus routes by the 1930s.  Only the eastern section of the B82 (then the B50), the B83, and the B84 were created by New York City Transit from scratch, in 1978, 1966, and 2013, respectively.
Paragraph 6: New York has two Major League Baseball teams, the New York Yankees (based in the Bronx) and the New York Mets (based in Queens).  New York is home to three National Hockey League franchises: the New York Rangers in Manhattan, the New York Islanders in Brooklyn and the Buffalo Sabres in Buffalo.  New York has two National Basketball Association teams, the New York Knicks in Manhattan, and the Brooklyn Nets in Brooklyn.  New York has one Major League Soccer team: New York City FC.  Although the New York Red Bulls represent the New York metropolitan area they play in Red Bull Arena, located in Harrison, New Jersey.
Paragraph 7: Queens is the easternmost and largest in area of the five boroughs of New York City.  It is geographically adjacent to the borough of Brooklyn at the southwestern end of Long Island, and to Nassau County farther east on Long Island; in addition, Queens shares water borders with the boroughs of Manhattan and the Bronx.  Coterminous with Queens County since 1899, the borough of Queens is the second-largest in population (after Brooklyn), with a census-estimated 2,333,054 residents in 2016, approximately 48% of them foreign-born.  Queens County also is the second-most populous county in the U.S. state of New York, behind the neighboring borough of Brooklyn, which is coterminous with Kings County.  Queens is the fourth-most densely populated county among New York City's boroughs, as well as in the United States.  If each of New York City's boroughs were an independent city, Queens also would be the nation's fourth most populous, after Los Angeles, Chicago, and Brooklyn.  Queens is the most ethnically diverse urban area in the world.
Paragraph 8: Brooklyn Heights is an affluent residential neighborhood within the New York City borough of Brooklyn.  Originally referred to as Brooklyn Village, it has been a prominent area of Brooklyn since 1834.  The neighborhood is noted for its low-rise architecture and its many brownstone rowhouses, most of them built prior to the Civil War.  It also has an abundance of notable churches and other religious institutions.  Brooklyn's first art gallery, the Brooklyn Arts Gallery, was opened in Brooklyn Heights in 1958.  In 1965, a large part of Brooklyn Heights was protected from unchecked development by the creation of the Brooklyn Heights Historic District, the first such district in New York City.  The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1966.
Paragraph 9: Fort Greene is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Brooklyn.  Part of Brooklyn Community Board 2 and served by the New York City Police Department's 88th Precinct, Fort Greene is listed on the New York State Registry and on the National Register of Historic Places, and is a New York City–designated Historic District.  It is located in northwest Brooklyn in the area known as South Brooklyn, just across from Lower Manhattan and north of Prospect Park.
Paragraph 10: The Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest is an annual American hot dog competitive eating competition.  It is held each year on Independence Day at Nathan's Famous Corporation's original, and best-known restaurant at the corner of Surf and Stillwell Avenues in Coney Island, a neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York City.
Question: What group did Carlene LeFevre and Rich LeFevre form in Brooklyn, New York City?
Answer:

Answer: the "First Family of Competitive Eating"


Instruction: Answer the question based on the given paragraphs. Note that some paragraphs might be irrelevant.

Input:
Paragraph 1: Pratia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae, native to Asia, Australia and New Zealand.
Paragraph 2: Sutherlandia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae.
Question: Are Sutherlandia and Pratia in the same family?
Answer: no.

Paragraph 1: Lady and the Tramp is a 1955 American animated romantic musical comedy-drama film produced by Walt Disney and released to theaters on June 22, 1955 by Buena Vista Distribution.  The 15th Disney animated feature film, it was the first animated feature filmed in the CinemaScope widescreen film process.  Based on "Happy Dan, The Whistling Dog" by Ward Greene, "Lady and the Tramp" tells the story of a female American Cocker Spaniel named Lady who lives with a refined, upper-middle-class family, and a male stray mongrel called the Tramp.  When the two dogs meet, they embark on many romantic adventures.  A direct-to-video sequel, "", was released in 2001.
Paragraph 2: Shin Su-ran (Hangul: 신수란), also known by her stage names Elena (Hangul: 엘에나) and Baily Shoo (Hangul: 베일리 슈), and better known by the mononym Suran (Hangul: 수란), is a South Korean singer-songwriter and record producer.  She debuted as part of the duo, Lodia, on July 9, 2014, with the single "I Got A Feeling".  In 2017, she has also appeared on MBC's "King of Mask Singer" (episodes 93–94) as a contestant named "Skip to the End, Hello".
Paragraph 3: Wonky is the eight studio album by Orbital, released on their own ACP label (via Warner Music Group/Alternative Distribution Alliance) in the UK on 2 April 2012, and exclusively through iTunes in the USA and Canada on 17 April 2012.  The album is their first since the "Blue Album" in 2004 and the first since they reformed in 2008.  It features vocals from Zola Jesus and Lady Leshurr.  The album was taken off of Spotify and iTunes in the United States for unknown reasons.  There are some songs you cannot find at all in their original versions, like Beelzedub or Distractions.
Paragraph 4: Melesha O'Garro (born 15 December 1988), known professionally as Lady Leshurr ( ), is an English rapper, singer, and producer.  She is best known for her "Queen's Speech" series of freestyles, the fourth of which went viral in 2016. " The Rap Game" season 2 competitor Nia Kay stated that Leshurr was one of her influences due to her uniqueness and rap skill.  Her subsequent freestyle, "Queen's Speech 5", was called "brilliant" and "2015's crowning freestyle" by Spin.
Paragraph 5: Donkey Kong (Japanese: ドンキーコング , Hepburn: Donkī Kongu ) is an arcade game released by Nintendo in 1981.  An early example of the platform game genre, the gameplay focuses on maneuvering the main character across a series of platforms while dodging and jumping over obstacles.  In the game, Mario (originally named Mr. Video and then Jumpman) must rescue a damsel in distress named Pauline (originally named Lady), from a giant ape named Donkey Kong.  The hero and ape later became two of Nintendo's most popular and recognizable characters.  "Donkey Kong" is one of the most important titles from the golden age of arcade video games, and is one of the most popular arcade games of all time.
Paragraph 6: Nuestra Belleza Latina 2009 is the third season of Nuestra Belleza Latina (Our Latin Beauty) premiered on March 2009.  Auditions were once again held in five major US cities (Los Angeles, California; Dallas, Texas; Miami, Florida; Chicago, Illinois; and New York City, New York) and in San Juan, Puerto Rico.  During the audition process, 75 young women were given passes to the semi-finals in Miami, Florida.  With the twist of adding one more contestant named "La Intrusa" (Francheska Mattei).  For several weeks, Francheska Mattei, a professional actress, posed as one of the contestants to know the rumors, secrets, and even gossip from the girls.  The elimination process was quick, with 15 women leaving the first day, 40 on the second week, and finally 8 women were eliminated leaving the 12 finalists who will be moving into a Miami mansion where they will be living together for the rest of the competition.  Each week, viewers will have a chance to vote for their favorite finalists.  The three women with the least number of votes will then be in danger of being eliminated.  However, two of the women in the bottom three will have the chance of being saved, one by her fellow finalists, and the other by the judges.  This year they had an "Intrusa", the one that spilled the gossip about the contestants and it was Puerto Rican, Francheska Mattei.
Paragraph 7: The Rap Game is an American reality television series.  The series premiered on January 1, 2016, on Lifetime.  The winners of seasons 1, 2, and 3, respectively, were Miss Mulatto, Mani, and Nova.
Paragraph 8: Nicholas James Donnelly (born 17 May 1988) is a British filmmaker and music video producer who first gained exposure when directing/producing the music video Game Over Female Takeover, an independent release that featured many of the leading female urban artists in England on one video.  These artists included Lady leshurr, Mz Bratt, Ruff Diamondz, Cherri Voncelle and Amplify Dot The video served as the official remix to the record Game Over (Tinchy Stryder song)
Paragraph 9: Expeditie Robinson: 2006, was the eighth Dutch/Belgian version of the Swedish show Expedition Robinson, or Survivor as it is referred to in some countries.  This season began airing on August 28, 2006 and concluded on November 20, 2006.  The major twist this season was that the tribes were initially divided up by gender with one "All-Star" contestant joining each tribe.  These two All-Stars were, Klaar Lippe and Robin Ibens.  Though the main twist may have seemed like a repeat of twists that occurred in previous seasons, unlike previous seasons with a similar twist this season male contestants were from Belgium and all females from the Netherlands.  While the All-Star contestants weren't eligible to win, they could vote and following a tribal swap in episode 4, they could give any contestant on their tribe immunity at tribal council.  Following the merge in episode 8, the twist that was "Losers Island", was introduced to the game.  After a contestant was eliminated they would be sent to Losers island where they would wait until there were only two contestants left in the game at which point the six contestants on the island would vote for one of their own to return.  When it came time to vote for a winner, the public, instead of a jury decided the winner.  In the end, it was Olga Urashova who returned from Losers island in the final three, who won the season over Lenny Janssen with a public vote of 52% to Lenny's 48%.
Paragraph 10: Nuntita Khampiranon (Thai: นันทิตา ฆัมภิรานนท์ ; rtgs: "Nanthita Khamphiranon" ; born December 20, 1983), or nickname Art (อาร์ต), stage name Bell (เบลล์) and usually known as Bell Nuntita, is a Thai transgender actress, singer, entertainer, and radio DJ.  Nuntita was part of a TV show called "Venus Flytrap Search for the Missing Puzzle" in 2007.  As one of twelve contestants, she competed to take the place of two former cast members.  Nuntita and another contestant named Mew won the competition and became part of the Kathoey band "Venus Flytrap".  She became popular after a performance during her audition on "Thailand's Got Talent" and became a YouTube hit when she first performed singing as a girl, and the crowd was amazed when she switched to a masculine voice.
Question: Who was the winner of the season of The Rap Game where a contestant named Lady Leshurr as one of her influences?
Answer:

Answer: Mani


Instruction: Answer the question based on the given paragraphs. Note that some paragraphs might be irrelevant.

Input:
Paragraph 1: Pratia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae, native to Asia, Australia and New Zealand.
Paragraph 2: Sutherlandia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae.
Question: Are Sutherlandia and Pratia in the same family?
Answer: no.

Paragraph 1: Bernadette Mayer (born May 12, 1945) is an American poet, writer, and visual artist associated with both the Language poets and the New York School.  Mayer's record-keeping and use of stream-of-consciousness narrative are two trademarks of her writing, though she is also known for her work with form and mythology.  In addition to the influence of her textual-visual art and journal-keeping, Mayer's poetry is widely acknowledged as some of the first to speak accurately and honestly about the experience of motherhood.  Mayer edited the journal "0 TO 9" with Vito Acconci, and, until 1983, United Artists books and magazines with Lewis Warsh.  Mayer taught at the New School for Social Research, where she earned her degree in 1967, and, during the 1970s, she led a number of workshops at the Poetry Project at St. Mark's Church in New York.  From 1980 to 1984, Mayer served as director of the Poetry Project, and her influence in the contemporary avant-garde is felt widely, with writers like Kathy Acker, Charles Bernstein, John Giorno, and Anne Waldman having sat in on her workshops.  Mayer was a 2015 Guggenheim Fellowship Recipient and received a National Book Critics Circle Nomination for her most recent book, 2016's "Works and Days".
Paragraph 2: Fiction International is a literary magazine devoted to innovative forms of fiction and non-fiction which addresses progressive political ideals.  Founded at St. Lawrence University in New York City by Joe David Bellamyin 1973, the magazine moved to San Diego State University in 1983, where it has been "edited by Harold Jaffe and Larry McCaffery until 1992, when Harold Jaffe assumed sole editorship".  Over the years, the magazine has published works by J.M. Coetzee, Claribel Alegría, Robert Coover, William S. Burroughs, Alberto Moravia, Malcolm X, Allen Ginsberg, Marguerite Duras, Edmund White, Kathy Acker, Eckhard Gerdes, and Alain Robbe-Grillet.
Paragraph 3: Variety is a 1983 American independent film directed by Bette Gordon, co-written by Kathy Acker, and starring Sandy McLeod, Will Patton, and Richard M. Davidson.  The film follows a young woman who takes a job at a New York City pornographic theater and becomes increasingly obsessed with a wealthy patron who may or may not be involved with the mafia.
Paragraph 4: Kathy Acker (née Lehmann; April 18, 1944 – November 30, 1997) was an American experimental novelist, punk poet, playwright, essayist, postmodernist and sex-positive feminist writer.  She was influenced by the Black Mountain School poets, the writer William S. Burroughs, the artist and theoretician David Antin, French critical theory, philosophy and pornography.
Paragraph 5: New Narrative is a movement and theory of experimental writing launched in San Francisco in the late 1970s by Robert Gluck and Bruce Boone.  New Narrative strove to represent subjective experience honestly without pretense that a text can be absolutely objective nor its meaning absolutely fluid.  Authenticity is paramount in New Narrative, and is possible with a variety of devices, including fragmentation, meta-text, identity politics, explicit descriptions of sex and undisguised identification with the author's physicality, intentionality, interior emotional life and external life circumstances.  The New Narrative movement includes many gay and lesbian authors, and the works were greatly influenced by the AIDS epidemic in the '80s.  In addition to founders Bruce Boone and Robert Gluck, New Narrative writers include Michael Amnasen, Dodie Bellamy, Kevin Killian, Sam D'Allesandro, Cookie Mueller, Dennis Cooper, Kathy Acker, Bo Huston, Camille Roy, Steve Abbott, Gary Indiana and filmmakers Warren Sonbert.
Paragraph 6: Jackson Mac Low (September 12, 1922 – December 8, 2004) was an American poet, performance artist, composer and playwright, known to most readers of poetry as a practioneer of systematic chance operations and other non-intentional compositional methods in his work, which Mac Low first experienced in the musical work of John Cage, Earle Brown, and Christian Wolff.  He was married to the artist Iris Lezak from 1962 to 1978, and to the poet Anne Tardos from 1990 until his death.  An early affiliate of Fluxus (he co-published An Anthology of Chance Operations) and stylistic progenitor of the Language poets, Mac Low cultivated ties with an eclectic array of notable figures in the postwar American avant-garde, including Nam June Paik, Kathy Acker, Allen Ginsberg, and Arthur Russell.  His work has been published in more than 90 anthologies and periodicals and read publicly, exhibited, performed, and broadcast in North and South America, Europe, Japan, Australia, and New Zealand.  He read, performed, and lectured in New York and throughout North America, Europe, and New Zealand, San Francisco, Santa Cruz, Asnières, Paris, Bouliac (near Bordeaux), Marseilles, Buffalo, Philadelphia, and New York.
Paragraph 7: Sir Timothy Miles Bindon "Tim" Rice (born 10 November 1944) is an English author and Academy Award, Golden Globe Award, Tony Award, and Grammy Award-winning lyricist.  He is best known for his collaborations with Andrew Lloyd Webber, with whom he wrote "Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat", "Jesus Christ Superstar", and "Evita"; with Björn Ulvaeus and Benny Andersson of ABBA, with whom he wrote "Chess"; for additional songs for the 2011 West End revival of "The Wizard of Oz"; and for his work with Alan Menken on Disney's "Aladdin, Beauty and the Beast, and the musical King David").  He also worked with Elton John on Disney's "The Lion King", the musical "Aida", and DreamWorks Animation's "The Road to El Dorado" and Ennio Morricone.
Paragraph 8: Avant-Pop: Fiction for a Daydream Nation is a Fiction Collective Two book published by Black Ice Books in 1992 edited by Larry McCaffery.  It is a collection of innovative fiction, graphic art, and various unclassifiable texts written by some of the most radical literary talents who McCaffery classifies as Avantpop.  In his introductory chapter, McCaffery calls these writers "a new breed of pop-culture demolition artists".  These writers include cult figures such as Kathy Acker, Samuel R. Delany, Harold Jaffe and Derek Pell, as well as young new writers such as Euridice, Mark Leyner, and William T. Vollmann.
Paragraph 9: High Risk Books was founded in New York City in 1993, as an imprint of Serpent's Tail Press of London.  Started by Ira Silverberg and Amy Scholder, who was then an editor at City Lights Books in San Francisco.  High Risk Books was dedicated to publishing innovative, provocative, and progressive literature.  The publishing firm was united by its concern for certain subversive impulses, and in this spirit printed authors as diverse as William S. Burroughs, Tim Dlugos, Kathy Acker, Diamanda Galas, Robert Gary Indiana, June Jordan, Cookie Mueller, Lynne Tillman, John Giorno, Pagan Kennedy, Sapphire, Jayne Cortez, and many others.  As a small press, High Risk played an important role in providing a space for many emerging writers who would otherwise have found it difficult to get published in mainstream, large houses.  High Risk Books ceased operation in January 1997 because of disagreements with Serpent's Tail in London.
Paragraph 10: Blood and Guts in High School is a novel by Kathy Acker.  It was written in the late 1970s and copyrighted in 1978.  It traveled a complex and circuitous route to publication in 1984.  It remains Acker's most popular and best-selling book.  The novel is also considered a metafictional text, which is aware of its status as a fictional piece.  The novel is interested in exploring politics, history, theories, and writing.
Question: Are Tim Rice and Kathy Acker both from America?
Answer:

Answer: no


Instruction: Answer the question based on the given paragraphs. Note that some paragraphs might be irrelevant.

Input:
Paragraph 1: Pratia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae, native to Asia, Australia and New Zealand.
Paragraph 2: Sutherlandia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae.
Question: Are Sutherlandia and Pratia in the same family?
Answer: no.

Paragraph 1: "Interstate Love Song" is a song by the American rock band Stone Temple Pilots.  Released in 1994, the song is from the band's second studio album, "Purple".  Considered to be one of the band's biggest hits, "Interstate Love Song" reached number one on the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart on September 17, 1994.  The song it replaced at number one was "Vasoline", also by Stone Temple Pilots.  The song stayed at number one for 15 weeks, a record at the time and "Vasoline" stayed at number one for 2 weeks giving STP 17 consecutive weeks at number one with both songs combined.  The song also peaked number two on the Modern Rock Tracks chart where "Vasoline" also peaked at the same position spot before.  In 2003, "Interstate Love Song" was featured on the greatest hits compilation "Thank You".  In 2009, it was named the 58th best hard rock song of all time by VH1.  The song was ranked at number 17 on Australian alternative music station Triple J's Hottest 100 countdown of 1994.  In the UK, the song peaked at number 53.  "Interstate Love Song" is praised as one of the best songs of the 1990s.
Paragraph 2: Libertad is the second and final studio album by American hard rock band Velvet Revolver, released on July 3, 2007.  The name is Spanish and translates to "Liberty" or "freedom" in English.  According to a 2007 interview with "Rolling Stone", along with the Stone Temple Pilots albums "Core" and "Stone Temple Pilots", "Libertad" is one of only three albums lead singer Scott Weiland has written while sober.
Paragraph 3: Stone Temple Pilots is the sixth studio album by American rock band Stone Temple Pilots.  The album was released worldwide from May 21 through May 27, 2010, and is the band's first album since 2001's "Shangri-La Dee Da".  The album is the result of the band's reunion, which occurred in April 2008 with their North American tour.  After Stone Temple Pilots had begun playing together, the band decided to record again, but a lawsuit filed by Atlantic Records on June 12, 2008, made the sixth album an uncertainty.  Atlantic eventually withdrew the lawsuit, and the band's attorney called the legal situation a "misunderstanding".  This is the last album to feature vocalist Scott Weiland before he was fired from the band in 2013 and died in 2015.
Paragraph 4: Stone Temple Pilots (sometimes abbreviated as STP) is an American rock band from San Diego, California, that originally consisted of Scott Weiland (lead vocals), brothers Dean (guitar) and Robert DeLeo (bass, backing vocals), and Eric Kretz (drums).  From the band's formation in 1989, its line-up remained unchanged until the firing of Weiland in 2013, who was replaced by Linkin Park vocalist Chester Bennington.  In 2015, Bennington left the band to focus solely on Linkin Park.  On December 3, 2015, Weiland was found dead on his tour bus before a performance with his band The Wildabouts.  In 2016, the band launched an online audition for a new lead vocalist.
Paragraph 5: High Rise is the first studio EP by American rock band Stone Temple Pilots, released on October 8, 2013 through Play Pen, LLC.  It is the first release by the band without former lead vocalist Scott Weiland, who was fired from the band in February 2013.  It instead features Chester Bennington of Linkin Park on lead vocals, and the band is credited on the EP as "Stone Temple Pilots with Chester Bennington".  However, this would prove to be the sole release to feature Bennington before his departure from the band in 2015 and death in 2017.
Paragraph 6: "Cinnamon" is a song by American rock band Stone Temple Pilots.  "Cinnamon" is the sixth track off the band's sixth studio album, "Stone Temple Pilots", released in 2010.  The song was the album's third single, after "Take a Load Off".  Two music videos were filmed for "Cinnamon," however neither one was officially released but can be viewed on YouTube.  This was also the band's final single with Scott Weiland before he was fired and subsequently replaced with Linkin Park lead vocalist Chester Bennington.
Paragraph 7: The Family Values Tour 2001 is the third live album with various artists performing on stage during "The Family Values Tour" in fall 2001.  It is released on May 7, 2002.  The album includes various artists performing at the "Family Values Tour" in 2001, such as Linkin Park, Staind, Deadsy, Stone Temple Pilots, Static-X, and Staind frontman Aaron Lewis.  The hit song "Wonderful", the only single off the album, is performed live during the "Family Values 2001 Tour" by American rock band Stone Temple Pilots, which features additional vocals from Chester Bennington of Linkin Park who would eventually become the band's vocalist in 2013.
Paragraph 8: The 2008 Stone Temple Pilots Reunion Tour was a 75-date reunion tour for the popular American rock band Stone Temple Pilots, who originally disbanded in 2003.  The tour, which kicked off on May 17, 2008 in Columbus, Ohio at the Rock on the Range festival, ran throughout the summer and ended on October 31 at the Verizon Wireless Center in Pelham, Alabama.  The Stone Temple Pilots reunion tour was a success, receiving positive reviews from critics and fans alike as well as high ticket sales.  At one point, the Stone Temple Pilots tour was ranked at #1 on Pollstar's "Top 50" list.  According to "Rolling Stone", the band sold an average of $230,000 of tickets a night.
Paragraph 9: Milky Chance is a German folk group originating from Kassel.  It consists of lead vocalist and guitarist Clemens Rehbein, DJ and producer Philipp Dausch, and guitarist Antonio Greger.
Paragraph 10: Army of Anyone is the debut studio album by Army of Anyone, an American rock band featuring Richard Patrick of Filter, Robert DeLeo and Dean DeLeo of Stone Temple Pilots, and Ray Luzier, prior drummer of David Lee Roth's band and current drummer of the nu metal band Korn.  The album was released on November 14, 2006 in America, December 4, 2006 in the UK.  It was produced by Bob Ezrin (Pink Floyd, Kiss, Alice Cooper) and mixed by Ken Andrews.  Despite largely positive reviews from critics, the album sold well below the expectations set from Filter and Stone Temple Pilots past multi-platinum albums, stalling around 88,000 copies sold.  The album produced two singles, "Goodbye" and "Father Figure", the former peaking at no. 3 on the U.S. Mainstream Rock chart.
Question: Which band originated from the United States, Milky Chance or Stone Temple Pilots?
Answer:

Answer: Stone Temple Pilots


Instruction: Answer the question based on the given paragraphs. Note that some paragraphs might be irrelevant.

Input:
Paragraph 1: Pratia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae, native to Asia, Australia and New Zealand.
Paragraph 2: Sutherlandia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae.
Question: Are Sutherlandia and Pratia in the same family?
Answer: no.

Paragraph 1: Randall David Johnson (born September 10, 1963), nicknamed "The Big Unit", is an American former baseball pitcher who played 22 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1988 to 2009 for six teams.  He played primarily for the Seattle Mariners and the Arizona Diamondbacks.  His 303 career victories rank as the fifth-most by a left-hander in MLB history, while his 4,875 strikeouts place him second all-time behind Nolan Ryan and are the most by a left-hander.  He holds five of the seven highest single-season strikeout totals by a left-hander in modern history.  Johnson won the Cy Young Award five times, second only to Roger Clemens' seven, and he is one of two pitchers (the other being Greg Maddux) to win the award four consecutive times (1999–2002).  In 1999, he joined Pedro Martínez and Gaylord Perry in the rare feat of winning the award in both the American and National Leagues.  He is also one of five pitchers to pitch no-hitters in both leagues.  On May 18, 2004, at the age of forty, Johnson became the oldest pitcher in major league history to throw a perfect game.  He is also one of eighteen pitchers in history to record a win against all 30 MLB franchises.
Paragraph 2: Ed Lin is a Taiwanese-American writer, actor and novelist.  He is the first author to win three Asian American Literary Awards.  His first novel, "Waylaid" (2002) won a Members' Choice Award at the Asian American Literary Awards and also a Booklist Editors' Choice Award in Fiction in 2002.  Lin has written a series of crime novels revolving around Chinese-American cop Robert Chow set in 1976 New York City Chinatown, which begins in "This Is A Bust" (2007) (Kaya Press), which won a Members' Choice Award at the Asian American Literary Awards, and continues with "Snakes Can't Run" (2010) (Minotaur Books) and "One Red Bastard" (2012) (Minotaur Books).
Paragraph 3: Sam Stone is a British author of gothic, horror, fantasy, science fiction and more recently a playwright for film and stage.  She is the commissioning editor of Telos Publishing imprint Telos Moonrise.  Stone's debut novel "Gabriele Caccini" (authored as Paigan Stone) won the silver award for best horror novel 2007 with "ForeWord" in the USA.  She was shortlisted for the August Derleth Award for Best Novel in the British Fantasy Awards for her second novel, "Futile Flame".  This book was also a finalist in "ForeWord"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s Book of the Year Awards in 2009 and the third book in the series, "Demon Dance", was also a finalist for the 2010 Foreword magazine Awards and won the August Derleth Award for Best Novel in the British Fantasy Awards 2011.  This made her the first female writer to win the Award since Tanith Lee did so in 1980.  However, after the awards were announced, there was controversy over the voting and so Stone publicly returned the Award, not wishing to be associated with something which might have been awarded erroneously.  The BFS then declared that the voting was valid, but then in a later statement announced that the Best Novel would be declared a 'No Award' for that year.  Stone was not consulted in this decision.  She also won the Best Short Story Award in the British Fantasy Awards in the same year.
Paragraph 4: George Anastasia (born February 5, 1947, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) is an American author and was a long-time writer for "The Philadelphia Inquirer".  He is widely considered to be an expert on the American Mafia.  He was an organized crime investigative reporter, who was once targeted for death by then-Philadelphia crime family boss John Stanfa.  He has twice been nominated for a Pulitzer Prize and has won the Sigma Delta Chi Award.  He has also been described on a "60 Minutes" television profile as "One of the most respected crime reporters in the country."  Anastasia lives in Pitman, New Jersey.
Paragraph 5: Anastasia on Her Own (1985) is a young-adult novel by Lois Lowry.  It is part of a series of books that Lowry wrote about Anastasia and her younger brother Sam.
Paragraph 6: Lois Lowry (born Lois Ann Hammersberg; March 20, 1937) is an American writer credited with more than thirty children's books.  She has won two Newbery Medals, for "Number the Stars" in 1990 and "The Giver" in 1994.  For her contribution as a children's writer, she was a finalist in 2000 and U.S. nominee again in 2004, as well as a finalist in 2016 for the biennial, international Hans Christian Andersen Award, the highest recognition available to creators of children's books.  Her book "Gooney Bird Greene" won the 2002 Rhode Island Children's Book Award.
Paragraph 7: Ronald Reng is a German sports journalist and author.  Of his books, two have been translated to English and both of them have been honored with book awards in the UK.  "The Keeper of Dreams", the story of the German goalkeeper Lars Leese who ended up playing for Barnsley Football Club in the Premier League, won the "Sports Book of the Year Award" in 2004.  It was the first foreign book to win the award.  Reng's biography of the late German national goalkeeper Robert Enke, "" was voted William Hill Sports Book of the Year in 2011.  Reng was the first non-English speaking author in 23 years to win the award.
Paragraph 8: Andrea Louise Martin (born January 15, 1947) is an American actress, singer, author and comedian, best known for her work in the television series "SCTV".  She has appeared in films such as "Black Christmas" (1974), "Wag the Dog" (1997), "Hedwig and the Angry Inch" (2001), "My Big Fat Greek Wedding" (2002) and "My Big Fat Greek Wedding 2" (2016), and lent her voice to the animated films "Anastasia" (1997), "The Rugrats Movie" (1998) and "" (2001).
Paragraph 9: De Gyldne Laurbær (English: The Golden Laurel) (earlier: Boghandlernes Gyldne Laurbær) is a Danish literature award, which was established in 1949.  The award is handed by the "The Committee De Gyldne Laurbær", formerly "Boghandlerklubben" (The Bookshops' Club).  The prize is given annually in February or March.  Originally the award was a laurel wreath, a golden pin with an inscription, some money and a book gift worth 2500 DKK.  Today the award is a laurel wreathe, a diploma and a book gift worth 2500 DKK.  The award is handed at a ceremony arranged by the publishing house which has published the winning book and by the Committee De Gyldne Laurbær.  Early in January every year the committee sends out ballot to all the Danish bookshops, which then give their vote for a Danish book which was published the year before.  An author can only win The Golden Laurel once in a lifetime, so the bookshops can not vote for an author who has already won the prize once before.  The winner is usually one of the bestsellers among the Danish books.  On the day when it is decided who wins the Golden Laurel, the president of the Committee of The Golden Laurel informs the winner about the award, while journalists follow the event.
Paragraph 10: Hallie Elizabeth Ephron (born March 9, 1948) is an American novelist, book reviewer, journalist, and writing teacher.  She is the author of mystery and suspense novels.  Her novels "Never Tell a Lie," "There Was an Old Woman", "Come and Find Me", and "Night Night, Sleep Tight" were finalists for the Mary Higgins Clark Award.  In 2011, "Never Tell a Lie" was made into a Lifetime television movie entitled "And Baby Will Fall", starring Anastasia Griffith, Brendan Fehr, and Clea DuVall.
Question: Which award did the author of Anastasia on Her Own win in 2002?
Answer:

Answer: the 2002 Rhode Island Children's Book Award


Instruction: Answer the question based on the given paragraphs. Note that some paragraphs might be irrelevant.

Input:
Paragraph 1: Pratia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae, native to Asia, Australia and New Zealand.
Paragraph 2: Sutherlandia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae.
Question: Are Sutherlandia and Pratia in the same family?
Answer: no.

Paragraph 1: The 1928 United States Senate elections in Arizona took place on November 6, 1928.  Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Henry F. Ashurst ran for reelection to a fourth term, defeating Republican nominee former U.S. Senator Ralph H. Cameron in the general election.  Cameron was defeated in the previous election year, in 1926, by then-U.S. Congressman Carl T. Hayden, leading Cameron to decide to challenge Ashurst in order to return to the United States Senate.
Paragraph 2: President Richard Nixon entered office in 1969 with Chief Justice Earl Warren having announced his retirement from Supreme Court of the United States the previous year.  Nixon appointed Warren E. Burger to replace Earl Warren, and during his time in office appointed three other members of the Supreme Court: Associate Justices Harry Blackmun, Lewis F. Powell, and William Rehnquist.  Nixon also nominated G. Harrold Carswell and Clement Haynsworth for the vacancy that was ultimately filled by Blackmun, but the nominations were rejected by the United States Senate.  Nixon's failed Supreme Court nominations were the first since Herbert Hoover's nomination of John J. Parker was rejected by the Senate.
Paragraph 3: George McGovern, a Democratic Party politician from South Dakota, was first elected to the United States House of Representatives to represent South Dakota's 1st congressional district in 1956.  He was re-elected in 1958, before making an unsuccessful run for the United States Senate in 1960 against Republican incumbent Karl Earl Mundt.  After serving in the John F. Kennedy administration as director of the Food for Peace program, McGovern ran again for the Senate and narrowly prevailed over appointed Senator Joseph H. Bottum.  In 1968, McGovern unsuccessfully sought the Democratic Party's presidential nomination at the Democratic National Convention and was re-elected to the Senate over former Governor of South Dakota Archie M. Gubbrud.  In 1972, McGovern was successful in his campaign for the Democratic presidential nomination, but lost the election in a landslide to incumbent President Richard Nixon.  McGovern was re-elected to the Senate in 1974 over Vietnam War veteran Leo K. Thorsness, but lost re-election in 1980 to then-U.S. Representative James Abdnor.  McGovern made a final unsuccessful run for president in United States presidential election, 1984.
Paragraph 4: The 2010 United States Senate election in Indiana took place on November 2, 2010, alongside 33 other elections to the United States Senate in other states and elections to the United States House of Representatives and various state and local elections to fill Indiana's class III United States Senate seat.  Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Evan Bayh decided in February 2010 to retire instead of seeking a third term shortly after former U.S. Senator Dan Coats announced his candidacy for Bayh's contested seat.  No Democratic candidate submitted enough signatures by the deadline to run, leading Democratic officials to choose U.S. Congressman Brad Ellsworth to be the nominee.  The Libertarian Party nominated YMCA instructor Rebecca Sink-Burris, who had previously run against Evan Bayh in the United States Senate election in Indiana, 1998 but with less success than in this election.  Republican nominee and former U.S. Senator Dan Coats won the open seat.
Paragraph 5: The 2012 United States Senate election in Maine was held on November 6, 2012, alongside a presidential election, other elections to the United States Senate in other states, as well as elections to the United States House of Representatives and various state and local elections.  Despite initially being in the race early on and poised to easily win, popular Republican U.S. Senator Olympia Snowe suddenly decided to retire instead of running for re-election to a fourth term.  Former Independent Governor Angus King won the open seat.  Following Senator Joe Lieberman (Ind.-CT)'s retirement from the Senate in 2013, King became the second Independent incumbent Senator, after Vermont's Bernie Sanders.
Paragraph 6: Carol Elizabeth Moseley Braun, also sometimes Moseley-Braun (born August 16, 1947), is an American diplomat, politician and lawyer who represented Illinois in the United States Senate from 1993 to 1999.  She was the first female African-American Senator, the first African-American U.S. Senator for the Democratic Party, the first woman to defeat an incumbent U.S. Senator in an election, and the first female Senator from Illinois.  She was the only female U.S. Senator from Illinois until Tammy Duckworth who became the U.S. Senator from Illinois in January 2017.  From 1999 until 2001, she was the United States Ambassador to New Zealand.  She was a candidate for the Democratic nomination during the 2004 U.S. presidential election.  Following the public announcement by Richard M. Daley that he would not seek re-election, in November 2010, Braun began her campaign for Mayor of Chicago.  The former Senator placed fourth in a field of six candidates, losing the February 22, 2011, election to Rahm Emanuel.
Paragraph 7: Daniel Patrick "Pat" Moynihan (March 16, 1927 – March 26, 2003) was an American politician, sociologist, and diplomat.  A member of the Democratic Party, he represented New York in the United States Senate and served as an adviser to Republican President Richard Nixon.
Paragraph 8: Samuel James "Sam" Ervin Jr. (September 27, 1896April 23, 1985) was an American politician.  A Democrat, he served as a U.S. Senator from North Carolina from 1954 to 1974.  A native of Morganton, he liked to call himself a "country lawyer," and often told humorous stories in his Southern drawl.  During his Senate career, Ervin was a legal defender of the Jim Crow laws and racial segregation, as the South's constitutional expert during the congressional debates on civil rights.  Unexpectedly, he became a liberal hero for his support of civil liberties.  He is remembered for his work in the investigation committees that brought down Senator Joseph McCarthy in 1954 and especially for his investigation of the Watergate scandal in 1972 and 1973 that led to the resignation of President Richard Nixon in 1974.
Paragraph 9: The 1994 United States Senate election in New York was held on November 8, 1994.  Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan won re-election to a fourth term.
Paragraph 10: The 2004 United States Senate election in Arizona took place on November 2, 2004 alongside other elections to the United States Senate in other states as well as elections to the United States House of Representatives and various state and local elections.  Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator John McCain won re-election to a fourth term with his largest victory as a U.S. senator.
Question: In which year was the American politician, that both represented New York in the United States Senate and served as an adviser to President Richard Nixon, re-elected for a fourth term as U.S. Senator?
Answer:

Answer: 1994


Instruction: Answer the question based on the given paragraphs. Note that some paragraphs might be irrelevant.

Input:
Paragraph 1: Pratia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae, native to Asia, Australia and New Zealand.
Paragraph 2: Sutherlandia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae.
Question: Are Sutherlandia and Pratia in the same family?
Answer: no.

Paragraph 1: Danger Mouse is a British animated television series produced by Cosgrove Hall Films for Thames Television.  It featured the eponymous Danger Mouse who worked as a secret agent.  The show was a parody of British spy fiction, particularly the "Danger Man" series and James Bond.  The show originally ran in the United Kingdom from 28 September 1981 to 19 March 1992.
Paragraph 2: Turn Blue is the eighth studio album by American rock duo the Black Keys.  It was co-produced by Danger Mouse and the band, and was released on Nonesuch Records on May 12, 2014.  The record was the group's fourth collaboration with Danger Mouse, following their previous studio album, "El Camino" (2011), which was their biggest commercial and critical success to that point.  For "Turn Blue", Danger Mouse reprised his role from "El Camino" as an equal songwriting partner alongside guitarist Dan Auerbach and drummer Patrick Carney.
Paragraph 3: Danger Mouse is a British animated television series, and it serves as a reboot of the 1981 series with the same name.  The series is produced by FremantleMedia with animation by Irish Boulder Media.  "Danger Mouse" premiered on CBBC on 28 September 2015.
Paragraph 4: El Camino is the seventh studio album by American rock duo the Black Keys.  It was co-produced by Danger Mouse and the group, and was released on Nonesuch Records on December 6, 2011.  The record was the band's follow-up to their commercial breakthrough, "Brothers" (2010), and was their third collaboration with Danger Mouse.  "El Camino" draws from popular genres of the 1950s to 1970s, such as rock and roll, glam rock, rockabilly, surf rock and soul.  Danger Mouse contributed as a co-writer on each of the 11 songs alongside guitarist Dan Auerbach and drummer Patrick Carney.
Paragraph 5: At.  Long.  Last.  ASAP (stylized as AT.LONG.LAST.A$AP) is the second studio album by American rapper ASAP Rocky .  It was released on May 26, 2015, by A$AP Worldwide, Polo Grounds Music, and RCA Records.  The record serves as a sequel from Rocky's previous studio effort "Long.  Live.  ASAP" (2013).  In 2013, the recording sessions first took place, during a release of "Long.  Live.  A$AP".  The album's executive production was provided by Danger Mouse, mentor ASAP Yams and Rocky himself, featuring production by Rocky and Danger Mouse, as well as a variety of several high-profile producers, including co-executive producers Hector Delgado and Juicy J, Jim Jonsin, FNZ, Frans Mernick, Kanye West, Thelonious Martin and Mark Ronson, among others.
Paragraph 6: The discography of Gnarls Barkley, an American alternative hip hop duo composed of record producer Danger Mouse and soul singer Cee Lo Green, consists of two studio albums, two extended plays, seven singles and seven music videos.  The duo originally met in the late 1990s, and began to record music together in 2003 following the release of Danger Mouse's 2003 album "Ghetto Pop Life".  Their first single, "Crazy", was released in 2006; it achieved worldwide chart success, reaching number two on the US "Billboard" Hot 100 – where it was certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) – and reaching the top ten of the Australian, New Zealand and Swiss singles charts, among others.  It also topped the UK Singles Chart, attracting considerable attention for becoming the first song ever to top the chart on digital download sales alone, following a change to the chart's eligibility rules allowing songs to chart purely on digital sales providing that it was given a physical release the following week.  The song appeared on Gnarls Barkley's debut studio album, "St. Elsewhere", which peaked at number four on the US "Billboard" 200 as well as topping the New Zealand and United Kingdom albums charts.  Three further singles – "Smiley Faces", which reached the top ten of the UK and Irish singles charts, "Who Cares? " and a cover of the Violent Femmes song "Gone Daddy Gone" – were released from "St. Elsewhere", although none of them appeared on the "Billboard" Hot 100.
Paragraph 7: Baron von Bulls*** Rides Again is a live bootleg album by indie rock band Modest Mouse, the first live CD unofficially, and later officially released by the group.  The live performance was recorded by Modest Mouse, but was not officially released by the band.  Instead, only a small number of individuals could obtain a copy at the time by purchasing the album exclusively at Park Avenue CDs in Orlando.  Later that year, the album was made available on the Internet.  It was released on April 13, 2004, one week after the studio album "Good News for People Who Love Bad News" was in stores.  Currently, this disc is out-of-print.  The album was recorded at The Social in Orlando, Florida during a string of shows between February 13–15, 2004.
Paragraph 8: Songs of Innocence is the thirteenth studio album by Irish rock band U2.  Released on 9 September 2014, it was produced by Danger Mouse, with additional production from Paul Epworth, Ryan Tedder, Declan Gaffney, and Flood.  The album was announced at an Apple Inc. product launch event and released the same day to all iTunes Store customers at no cost.  It was exclusive to iTunes, iTunes Radio, and Beats Music until 13 October 2014, when it received a physical release on Island and Interscope Records.  The digital release made the record available to over 500 million iTunes customers, for what Apple CEO Tim Cook marketed as "the largest album release of all time".
Paragraph 9: Dark Night of the Soul is a studio album by Danger Mouse and Sparklehorse, featuring collaborations by numerous notable musicians.  Its release was postponed due to a legal dispute with the album's distributor EMI and was finally released in July 2010, about a year after it had been leaked to the internet and Danger Mouse had released a blank CD-R as a way of working around the dispute.
Paragraph 10: "Every Breaking Wave" is a song by Irish rock band U2.  It is the second track from their thirteenth studio album, "Songs of Innocence", and was released as its second single.  It was produced by Danger Mouse and Ryan Tedder, with additional production from Declan Gaffney.
Question: Where was the Danger Mouse produced U2 album exclusively released?
Answer:

Answer: iTunes


Instruction: Answer the question based on the given paragraphs. Note that some paragraphs might be irrelevant.

Input:
Paragraph 1: Pratia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae, native to Asia, Australia and New Zealand.
Paragraph 2: Sutherlandia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae.
Question: Are Sutherlandia and Pratia in the same family?
Answer: no.

Paragraph 1: The Informers is a collection of short stories, seemingly linked by the same continuity, authored by American author Bret Easton Ellis.  It was first published as a whole in 1994.  Chapters 6 and 7, "Water from the Sun" and "Discovering Japan", were published separately in the UK by Picador in 2007.  It displays attributes similar to Ellis' novels "Less Than Zero", "The Rules of Attraction," and, to a lesser extent, "American Psycho" .  Like many of Ellis' novels, the stories here are set predominantly in California.
Paragraph 2: Lunar Park is a mock memoir by American writer Bret Easton Ellis.  It was released by Knopf in 2005.  It was the first book written by Ellis to use past tense narrative.  The title bears no relation to the public amusement locations known as Luna Park.
Paragraph 3: Junk Mail is a 1995 book by Will Self published by Bloomsbury Publishing.  It features pieces of writing centred on drugs and the counter-culture, taken from writing in British newspapers such as "The Guardian", "The Observer" and "The Independent".  It incorporates a wide range of writing, such as an article on drug dealers in the East End of London called "New Crack City", reflections on the nature of slacking, travel essays on whirling dervishes in Turkey as well as life in Israel and Ulster, and a script of sorts for a rock video by the group Massive Attack.  It also includes dialogues with Martin Amis, J. G. Ballard and William Burroughs and profiles on Thomas Szasz, Damien Hirst, Tim Willocks and Bret Easton Ellis.
Paragraph 4: Patrick Bateman is a fictional character, the villain protagonist and narrator of the novel "American Psycho" by Bret Easton Ellis, and its film adaptation.  He is a wealthy, materialistic Wall Street investment banker who leads a double life as a serial killer.  Bateman has also briefly appeared in other Ellis novels.
Paragraph 5: Camden College is a fictional liberal arts college, which appears in the works of Bret Easton Ellis, Jill Eisenstadt, and Jonathan Lethem.  Whereas Ellis' Camden College is located in New Hampshire, Lethem's Camden is in Vermont, and is notable for being the most expensive college in America.  All three of the writers attended Bennington College, which is really located in Vermont, and was at one time notorious for being the most expensive college in America.  Bennington graduate Donna Tartt uses the same Bennington-inspired backdrop for her 1992 novel "The Secret History", but for her it is "Hampden" College.  However, Eisenstadt and Lethem uses 'Camden' in "From Rockaway" (1987) and "The Fortress of Solitude" (2003), respectively.
Paragraph 6: Bret Easton Ellis (born March 7, 1964) is an American author, screenwriter, and short story writer.  His works have been translated into 27 languages.  He was at first regarded as one of the so-called literary Brat Pack, which also included Tama Janowitz and Jay McInerney.  He is a self-proclaimed satirist, whose trademark technique, as a writer, is the expression of extreme acts and opinions in an affectless style.  Ellis employs a technique of linking novels with common, recurring characters.
Paragraph 7: The Informers is a 2008 American ensemble Hollywood drama film written by Bret Easton Ellis and Nicholas Jarecki and directed by Gregor Jordan.  The film is based on Ellis' 1994 collection of short stories of the same name.  The film, which is set amidst the decadence of the early 1980s, depicts an assortment of socially alienated, mainly well-off characters who numb their sense of emptiness with casual sex, alcohol, and drugs.  Filming took place in Los Angeles, Uruguay, and Buenos Aires in 2007.
Paragraph 8: William James (January 11, 1842 – August 26, 1910) was an American philosopher and psychologist who was also trained as a physician.  The first educator to offer a psychology course in the United States, James was one of the leading thinkers of the late nineteenth century and is believed by many to be one of the most influential philosophers the United States has ever produced, while others have labeled him the "Father of American psychology".
Paragraph 9: The Melbourne Underground Film Festival (MUFF) was formed out of disagreements over the content and running of the Melbourne International Film Festival (MIFF).  When director Richard Wolstencroft's film "Pearls Before Swine" was not accepted by the Melbourne International Film Festival, Wolstencroft claimed it was because his film was too confrontational for the tastes of MIFF.As a response to the film's rejection by MIFF, Wolstencroft founded MUFF in 2000 as an alternative independent film festival, featuring mostly genre, controversial, transgressive and avant garde material.  MUFF has been known for controversy with a recent public disobedience screening of Bruce LaBruce's "LA Zombie" gaining worldwide attention including coverage in the "New York Times".  Over the years, the festival has been outspoken on the poor state of the Australia film industry and the need to make more local genre films, and has championed many issues of freedom of speech and outsider politics and ideas.  The festival has also discovered (first world festival to show the work of) Australian directors like James Wan, Greg McLean, Scott Ryan, Spierig brothers, Stuart Simpson, Patrick Hughes, Andrew Traucki, Dave de Vries, David Nerlich, Neil McGregor and many others.  International Guests of MUFF have included Bruce LaBruce, Lloyd Kaufman, William Lustig, Ron Jeremy, American film director Chris Folino, Michael Tierney, Peter Christopherson, Jim Van Bebber, Bret Easton Ellis, Gene Gregorits, Terry McMahon and Geretta Geretta.
Paragraph 10: Imperial Bedrooms is a novel by American author Bret Easton Ellis.  Released on June 15, 2010, it is the sequel to "Less Than Zero", Ellis' 1985 bestselling literary debut, which was shortly followed by a film adaptation in 1987.  "Imperial Bedrooms" revisits "Less Than Zero"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s self-destructive and disillusioned youths as they approach middle-age in the present day.  Like Ellis' earlier novel, which took its name from Elvis Costello's 1977 song of the same name, "Imperial Bedrooms" is named after Costello's 1982 album.
Question: Are William James and Bret Easton Ellis both screenwriters?
Answer:

Answer: no


Instruction: Answer the question based on the given paragraphs. Note that some paragraphs might be irrelevant.

Input:
Paragraph 1: Pratia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae, native to Asia, Australia and New Zealand.
Paragraph 2: Sutherlandia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae.
Question: Are Sutherlandia and Pratia in the same family?
Answer: no.

Paragraph 1: The Meadows at Grand Valley State University in Allendale, Michigan, is the home of the Grand Valley State Lakers men's and women's golf teams.  The links-style championship course was designed by Michael John Hurdzan in 1994.  The course has hosted six NCAA National Championships since its opening and will host the women's National Championship in the spring of 2011.  The Meadows has been explained as "One of the first West Michigan golf courses classified as upscale," by Michigan Golf.  The course is located on the northwest quadrant of GVSU's main Allendale campus.
Paragraph 2: Carleton University is a comprehensive university located in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.  The enabling legislation is "The Carleton University Act, 1952, S.O. 1952."  It was founded on rented premises in 1942, and grew to meet the needs of returning World War II veterans and later became Ontario's first private, non-denominational college.  It would expand further in the 1960s, consistent with government policy that saw increased access to higher education as a social good and means to economic growth.  Carleton is a public university that offers more than 65 academic programs across a wide range of disciplines.  Carleton is reputed for its strength in a variety of fields such as humanities, international business and many of the disciplines housed in its Faculty of Public Affairs (including international affairs, journalism, political science, political economy, political management, public policy and administration, and legal studies).
Paragraph 3: Mark Alan Dewey (born January 3, 1964 in Grand Rapids, Michigan) is a former Major League Baseball player.  He is currently a pitching coach for the Brevard County Manatees, located in Viera, Florida.  The Manatees are the Class A-Advanced (High-A) Minor League Baseball affiliate of the Milwaukee Brewers.  His prior coaching experience was with the Washington Wild Things, an independent professional baseball team in the Frontier League, and at Emory & Henry College in southwestern Virginia.  Born in Grand Rapids, Dewey played for the Grand Valley State University Lakers.  In 1987, he struck out 87 batters in 97.2 innings.  He was a 6'0" right-handed relief pitcher who played six season in the major leagues with the San Francisco Giants (1990, 1995–96), New York Mets (1992), and Pittsburgh Pirates (1993–94).  On June 2, 1987, Dewey was drafted by the Giants in the 23rd round of the 1987 amateur draft.  He appeared in 205 major league games and had a lifetime record of 12–7 (.632 winning percentage) with 168 strikeouts, 70 games finished and 8 saves.  His lifetime earned run average was 3.65 for an Adjusted ERA+ of 110.  His best season was 1993 when he had 7 saves for the Pirates in 21 games and maintained an impressive 2.36 ERA for an Adjusted ERA+ of 171.  In his final season, Dewey appeared in 78 games for the Giants—3rd most in the National League.  Dewey earned $225,000 in his final season in the big leagues.  In 1995, Dewey was inducted into the Grand Valley State University Athletic Hall of Fame.
Paragraph 4: Charles Thomas "Chuck" Martin (born January 8, 1968) is an American football coach and former player.  He is currently the head coach at Miami University and was previously the offensive coordinator at the University of Notre Dame.  Martin was the head coach at Grand Valley State University from 2004 to 2009, compiling a record of 74–7.  His Grand Valley State Lakers won consecutive NCAA Division II National Football Championships in 2005 and 2006 and were runners-up in 2009.
Paragraph 5: The Grand Valley State Lakers are the intercollegiate athletic teams of Grand Valley State University, located in Allendale, Michigan, United States.  The GVSU Lakers compete at the NCAA Division II level and are members of the Great Lakes Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (GLIAC).
Paragraph 6: Lubbers Stadium, or Arend D. Lubbers Stadium, is a stadium on the Grand Valley State University's main campus in Allendale, Michigan, USA.  The stadium was named after former university president Arend Lubbers.  It is primarily used for American football, and is the home field of the Grand Valley State Lakers.  "Lakers Stadium" - as it was originally known - was constructed in 1972, and opened in 1973.  It now officially seats 10,444 people - though it almost always holds thousands more fans.  The stadium is also home to a football weight training facility.
Paragraph 7: GVSU Fieldhouse Arena is a 4,200-seat indoor arena located in Allendale, Michigan, a suburb of Grand Rapids, on the campus of Grand Valley State University.  It was built in the early 1980s as the home of the Grand Valley State University Lakers basketball and volleyball teams, as it remains to this day.  The current fieldhouse replaced the former one when the roof of the "Dome" over the arena became unstable and was condemned.
Paragraph 8: The Grand Valley State Lakers football team represents Grand Valley State University (GVSU) in NCAA Division II football.  The Lakers currently have the highest winning percentage in college football.  The 35–23 victory against Ferris State raised Grand Valley State's all-time winning percentage to .7321 (377–137–3), a tick ahead of Michigan's .7311 (931–331–36) and Notre Dame's .7308 (894–316–42).
Paragraph 9: Edward Irvin Schalon (February 27, 1920 – December 27, 2008) was a corporate executive who served as the chairman of the board and chief executive officer of SPX Corporation, a Fortune 500 global company.  He was also a Naval pilot in World War II and a champion golfer who won two Big Ten Conference individual championships while a student at the University of Michigan.  He was also a benefactor of Grand Valley State University and has been inducted into the Grand Valley Hall of Fame, as well as the University of Michigan Athletic Hall of Honor.
Paragraph 10: Grand Valley State University (commonly referred to as GVSU, GV, or Grand Valley) is a public liberal arts university located in Allendale, Michigan, United States.  The university was established in 1960, and its main campus is situated on 1322 acre approximately 12 mi west of Grand Rapids.  Classes are also offered at the university's growing Robert C. Pew Campus in Downtown Grand Rapids, Meijer Campus in Holland, and through centers at Muskegon and Traverse City established in cooperation with local community colleges.
Question: WHich college is located in the United States, Grand Valley State University or Carleton University?
Answer:

Answer: Carleton University


Instruction: Answer the question based on the given paragraphs. Note that some paragraphs might be irrelevant.

Input:
Paragraph 1: Pratia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae, native to Asia, Australia and New Zealand.
Paragraph 2: Sutherlandia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae.
Question: Are Sutherlandia and Pratia in the same family?
Answer: no.

Paragraph 1: The Coast Mountains are a major mountain range in the Pacific Coast Ranges of western North America, extending from southwestern Yukon through the Alaska Panhandle and virtually all of the Coast of British Columbia south to the Fraser River.  The mountain range's name derives from its proximity to the sea coast, and it is often referred to as the Coast Range.  The range includes volcanic and non-volcanic mountains and the extensive ice fields of the Pacific and Boundary Ranges, and the northern end of the volcanic system known as the Cascade Volcanoes.  The Coast Mountains are part of a larger mountain system called the Pacific Coast Ranges or the Pacific Mountain System, which includes the Cascade Range, the Insular Mountains, the Olympic Mountains, the Oregon Coast Range, the California Coast Ranges, the Saint Elias Mountains and the Chugach Mountains.  The Coast Mountains are also part of the American Cordilleraa Spanish term for an extensive chain of mountain rangesthat consists of an almost continuous sequence of mountain ranges that form the western backbone of North America, Central America, South America and Antarctica.
Paragraph 2: Torreys Peak is a mountain in the Front Range region of the Rocky Mountains in Colorado.  It is one of 53 fourteeners in Colorado.  Its nearest major city is Denver.  Torreys Peak is located along the Continental Divide, as well as the division between Clear Creek County and Summit County.
Paragraph 3: Hemlock woolly adelgid ("Adelges tsugae"), or HWA, is member of the Sternorrhyncha suborder of the Order Hemiptera and native to East Asia.  It feeds by sucking sap from hemlock and spruce trees ("Tsuga" spp.; "Picea" spp.) .  In eastern North America, it is a destructive pest that gravely threatens the eastern hemlock ("Tsuga canadensis") and the Carolina hemlock ("Tsuga caroliniana").  Though the range of eastern hemlock extends north of the current range of the adelgid, it could spread to infect these northern areas as well.  Accidentally introduced to North America from Japan, HWA was first found in the eastern United States near Richmond, Virginia, in the early 1950s.  The pest has now been established in eighteen eastern states from Georgia to Massachusetts, causing widespread mortality of hemlock trees.  As of 2015, 90% of the geographic range of eastern hemlock in North America has been impacted by HWA.
Paragraph 4: North American Atlantic Region is a floristic region within the Holarctic Kingdom identified by Armen Takhtajan and Robert F. Thorne, spanning from the Atlantic and Gulf coasts to the Great Plains and comprising a major part of the United States and southeastern portions of Canada.  It is bordered by the Circumboreal floristic region in the north, by the Rocky Mountain and Madrean floristic regions in the west and by the Caribbean floristic region of the Neotropical Kingdom in the south of Florida.  The flora of the region comprises two endemic monotypic families, Hydrastidaceae and Leitneriaceae, and is characterized by about a hundred of endemic genera (such as "Sanguinaria", "Leavenworthia", "Gillenia", "Neviusia", "Dionaea", "Yeatesia", "Pleea").  The degree of species endemism is very high, many species are Tertiary relicts, which survived the Wisconsin glaciation and are now concentrated in the Appalachians (esp.  Blue Ridge Mountains) and the Ozarks.  A number of genera ("Sarracenia", "Uvularia" etc.) are shared only with the Canadian floristic province of the Circumboreal region.  Moreover, as has long been noted (e.g. by Joseph Gerhard Zuccarini and especially by Asa Gray), a large number of relict genera ("Liriodendron", "Hamamelis", "Stewartia" etc.) are shared with the relatively distant Eastern Asiatic Region (comprising Japan and the east of China) and sometimes Southeast Asia.  R. F. Thorne counted at least 74 genera restricted to eastern North America and Asia (mostly eastern and southeastern Asia).  The fossil record indicates that during the Tertiary period a warm temperate zone extended across much of the Northern Hemisphere, linking America to Asia.
Paragraph 5: The Piedmont Mountains are outlying mountains, sometimes called “low mountains”, that typically occur in the western Piedmont near the Blue Ridge.  Most of the features within the Piedmont physiographic region of North America lie either on the eastern border where the plateau plunges onto the Coastal Plain at the Fall Line, in the broad valleys of the river systems, or on the western border where Piedmont Mountains likely occur.  Occasionally, due to diverse rock formations, folds and outcroppings, these mountains can rise at various locations across the Piedmont like the Uwharrie Mountain Range in North Carolina or the Pine Mountain Range in Georgia.  Most of these mountains, or hills, are what is left of ancient eroded mountains.  Some, like Stone Mountain in Georgia, are solitary rock domes called Monadnocks which become further exposed with erosion.  The Piedmont is part of the greater Appalachian Mountain Range and is also referred to as the Appalachian Plateau.  The French definition of piedmont in itself translates as foothill; however, a Piedmont Mountain may be that of greater significance or prominent elevation.
Paragraph 6: The Appalachian Mountains ( , French: "les Appalaches" ), often called the Appalachians, are a system of mountains in eastern North America.  The Appalachians first formed roughly 480 million years ago during the Ordovician Period.  It once reached elevations similar to those of the Alps and the Rocky Mountains before naturally occurring erosion.  The Appalachian chain is a barrier to east-west travel, as it forms a series of alternating ridgelines and valleys oriented in opposition to most roads running east or west.
Paragraph 7: The northern bobwhite, Virginia quail or (in its home range) bobwhite quail ("Colinus virginianus") is a ground-dwelling bird native to the United States, Mexico, and the Caribbean.  It is a member of the group of species known as New World quails (Odontophoridae).  They were initially placed with the Old World quails in the pheasant family (Phasianidae), but are not particularly closely related.  The name "bobwhite" derives from its characteristic whistling call.  Despite its secretive nature, the northern bobwhite is one of the most familiar quails in eastern North America because it is frequently the only quail in its range.  Habitat degradation has likely contributed to the northern bobwhite population in eastern North America declining by roughly 85% from 1966-2014.  This population decline is apparently range-wide and continuing.
Paragraph 8: The City and County of Denver, Colorado, is located at 39°43'35" North, 104°57'56" West (39.726287, −104.965486) in the Colorado Front Range region.  The Southern Rocky Mountains lie to the west of Denver and the High Plains lie to the east.
Paragraph 9: The Baffin Mountains are a mountain range running along the northeastern coast of Baffin Island and Bylot Island, Nunavut are part of the Arctic Cordillera.  The ice-capped mountains are some of the highest peaks of eastern North America, reaching a height of 1525 - above sea level.  While they could be considered a single mountain range as they are separated by bodies of water to make Baffin Island, this is not true, as they are closely related to the other mountain ranges that make the much larger Arctic Cordillera mountain range.
Paragraph 10: The Hamburg Mountains are a range of the New York-New Jersey Highlands region of the Appalachian Mountains.  The summit, reaching a height of 1473 ft , lies within Sussex County, New Jersey.
Question: Which system of mountains in eastern North America is Hamburg Mountains a range region of
Answer:

Answer: The Appalachian Mountains


Instruction: Answer the question based on the given paragraphs. Note that some paragraphs might be irrelevant.

Input:
Paragraph 1: Pratia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae, native to Asia, Australia and New Zealand.
Paragraph 2: Sutherlandia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae.
Question: Are Sutherlandia and Pratia in the same family?
Answer: no.

Paragraph 1: Anthony Avent (born October 18, 1969) is a retired American professional basketball player who was selected by the Atlanta Hawks in the first round (15th pick overall) of the 1991 NBA Draft.  Born in Rocky Mount, North Carolina, Avent played for the Milwaukee Bucks, Orlando Magic, Vancouver Grizzlies, Utah Jazz and Los Angeles Clippers in six NBA seasons.  He played collegiately at Seton Hall University where he played in the 1989 NCAA championship game.  Prior to Seton Hall, Avent played at Malcolm X Shabazz High School in Newark, New Jersey.
Paragraph 2: James Blackmon Sr. (born August 7, 1964) is an American basketball coach and former noted college and high school player.  Blackmon has coached two teams to the class 2A high school basketball championship in Indiana, winning back-to-back titles in 2008 and 2009.  Blackmon played basketball in college for the University of Kentucky Wildcats.  As a senior at Marion High School, in Marion, Indiana, Blackmon was runner-up for the award of Indiana Mr. Basketball, won that year by Steve Alford.  Blackmon was named to the McDonald's All-American and Parade All-American teams in recognition of his high school success.
Paragraph 3: Finchampstead is a village and civil parish in the Wokingham Borough of Berkshire, England.  Its northern extremity is 2 mi south of Wokingham, 5 mi west of Bracknell, 8 mi south-east of Reading, and 33 mi west of Central London.  It is an affluent area, with the village ranking as Britain's 31st wealthiest.  It has a high standard of living and is rated as one of the most desirable places to live in the UK.
Paragraph 4: Presley Askew (November 17, 1909 – February 7, 1994) was an American basketball and baseball coach.  Overall Askew won 169 games at New Mexico State and Arkansas and had an overall record of 509–312 in all high school and college coaching.  Born in Red Oak, Oklahoma, Askew played basketball and graduated from Red Oak High School in 1926.  He played for and graduated from Eastern Oklahoma State College, and eventually Oklahoma State University in 1930.  He began coaching at Fanshawe Public School and became head varsity coach in 1932.  In 1937 Askew moved to his hometown Red Oak High School to coach and was there until 1942 when he moved on to Van Buren High School in Arkansas.  Askew's teams at Van Buren were very competitive and went to the state championship tournaments.
Paragraph 5: Weldon Drew (born April 22, 1935) was the head men's basketball coach at New Mexico State University from 1979 to 1985.  He was named to the position in 1979 as the successor to Ken Hayes who left to become head coach at Oral Roberts University.  Drew was previously an assistant coach for New Mexico State University from 1975 to 1979.  Drew came to NMSU after coaching high school basketball for Houston's Kashmere High School (485-135 record in 18 seasons), where he left with a 78-game winning streak after winning two consecutive Texas 4A state championships and the high school national championship.  Drew also won national coach of the year in 1975.  The NMSU job was Drew's first head coaching position at the college level.  Drew was the 20th person to hold the head coaching position in the Aggie basketball history.  After a dismal 1984-85 season, Drew was fired.  He then went to be an assistant coach at Oklahoma State for two seasons.  In 1987 Drew became the head coach at traditionally-black Langston University in Oklahoma.  Drew graduated from Fisk University in 1957 after a standout career playing basketball.  Drew graduated high school and played basketball at Wheatley High School in Houston.
Paragraph 6: Newark ( or also locally ) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of New Jersey and the seat of Essex County.  As one of the nation's major air, shipping, and rail hubs, the city had a population of 277,140 in 2010, making it the nation's 67th most-populous municipality, after being ranked 63rd in the nation in 2000.  For 2015, the Census Bureau's Population Estimates Program calculated a population of 281,944, an increase of 1.7% from the 2010 enumeration, ranking the city the 70th largest in the nation.  Newark is the second largest city in the New York metropolitan area, located approximately 8 mi west of lower Manhattan.
Paragraph 7: Larry Haskell Friend (April 14, 1935 – February 27, 1998) was an American National Basketball Association (NBA) player.  Friend was born and raised in Chicago, Illinois and played basketball at Marshall High School in Chicago.  However, he moved to Los Angeles, California before his senior year and played basketball at Fairfax High School.  Friend first played college basketball at Los Angeles City College, where he was named an All-American Junior College.  He then transferred to the University of California, where he was a three-year starter.  He averaged 19.1 points per game his senior season and was also named to the AP All-American third team.  Friend was drafted with the fifth pick in the second round of the 1957 NBA Draft by the New York Knicks.  In his one season with the Knicks, Friend averaged 4.0 points, 2.4 rebounds, and 1.1 assists per game.  In 1961-62 Friend returned to professional basketball to play for the Los Angeles Jets in the American Basketball League.  He appeared in thirty-nine games for the Jets and averaged 11.0 points and 3.7 rebounds per game, while also leading the league in three-point shooting (58-163).  Due to financial problems, the Jets folded midway through their first season.  Following his playing career, Friend owned an investment business.  He died on February 27, 1998 in Newport, California of prostate cancer.
Paragraph 8: Canton is a charter township of Wayne County in the U.S. state of Michigan.  It is located about 8 mi west of the city limits of Detroit and 8 mi east of the city limits of Ann Arbor.  As of the 2010 census, the township had a population of 90,173, making it Michigan's second largest township and eleventh largest community.  Canton is ranked as 96th highest-income place in the United States with a population of 50,000 or more.  Canton Township is also consistently ranked as one of the safest cities in the United States, as well as in the state of Michigan.  In 2015, the township was ranked as the 29th safest city in America.  Canton is one of Michigan's fastest growing communities.
Paragraph 9: Kelsall is a medium-sized agricultural/commuter village and civil parish in the unitary authority of Cheshire West and Chester and the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England.  It is located around 8 mi east of Chester, 8 mi west of Northwich and 4 mi north west of Tarporley.  The village is situated on Kelsall Hill, a part of the Mid-Cheshire Ridge, the broken line of sandstone hills that divide the west Cheshire Plain from its eastern counterpart.  The ridge includes other hills including Peckforton, Beeston, Frodsham and Helsby.
Paragraph 10: Jeff Horner (born August 1, 1983) is an American former basketball player and current assistant coach for the University of North Dakota.  He is best known as a point guard for the University of Iowa Hawkeyes basketball team.  Horner currently holds the University of Iowa career three point record at 232 shots made.  Horner was born in Mason City, Iowa.  His father Bob Horner was Mason City High School varsity basketball coach.  Horner made a verbal commitment to the University of Iowa while in the ninth grade.  Horner was the head varsity basketball coach at Valley High School in West Des Moines, Iowa from 2010-2014.  Horner's sister Kristin played basketball for Drake University.
Question: Anthony Avent played basketball fo a High School that is located in a city approcimately 8 mi west of where?
Answer:

Answer: lower Manhattan